CINXE.COM
Interactive Brokers Review
<!DOCTYPE html> <html id="reviewscTemplate_1-0" class="comp reviewscTemplate html mntl-html no-js " data-finance-resource-version="2.168.0" data-ab="99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,62,99,99,99,99,99,99,55,99,99,99" data-mm-transactional-resource-version="1.14.22" data-mm-ads-resource-version="1.2.160" data-mm-video-resource-version="1.4.10" data-mantle-resource-version="4.0.743" lang="en" data-tracking-container="true" data-resource-version="2.168.0"><!-- <globe-environment environment="k8s-prod" application="finance" dataCenter="us-west-1"/> --> <head class="loc head"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//js-sec.indexww.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//c.amazon-adsystem.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//s.skimresources.com"> <link rel="dnsprefetch" href="//www.google-analytics.com"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large, NOODP, NOYDIR" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.investopedia.com/interactive-brokers-review-4587904" /> <title>Interactive Brokers Review</title> <meta name="description" content="Learn how Interactive Brokers compares to other brokers and how its options analysis and trading capabilities have been bolstered recently in our objective review." itemprop="description"> <meta name="emailcontenttype" content="REVIEWSC" /> <meta name="emailvertical" content="INVESTOPEDIA" /> <meta name="sailthru.author" content="Andrew Grossman" /> <meta name="sailthru.tags" content="investing,brokers,stock-brokers" /> <meta name="parsely-section" content="Investing" /> <meta name="parsely-tags" content="Investopedia,Investing,Brokers,Stock Broker Reviews" /> <meta name="revenuegroup" content="PERFORMANCEMARKETING" /> <!-- Pinterest Pins --> <meta itemprop="name" content="Interactive Brokers Review 2024" /> <!-- Facebook Open Graph Tags --> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Investopedia" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.investopedia.com/interactive-brokers-review-4587904" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Interactive Brokers Review for 2024" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Learn how Interactive Brokers compares to other brokers and how its options analysis and trading capabilities have been bolstered recently in our objective review." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/L8NJyqbMl_rIdFB_zoDIjQK1Wzw=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/BestBrokerAwards-InteractiveBrokers-0a67946cebd6463ca670a135c975509c.png" /> <!-- Twitter Cards --> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@Investopedia" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Interactive Brokers Review for 2024" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Learn how Interactive Brokers compares to other brokers and how its options analysis and trading capabilities have been bolstered recently in our objective review." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/L8NJyqbMl_rIdFB_zoDIjQK1Wzw=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/BestBrokerAwards-InteractiveBrokers-0a67946cebd6463ca670a135c975509c.png" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://feeds-api.dotdashmeredith.com/v1/rss/google/f8466ec3-5044-46bc-94b7-2df65f770eff"> <style type="text/css" data-glb-resource-path="/static/2.168.0/cache/eNqtV1G2oyAM3dBwXMT8ziYipJopggdi27f7iWhrtRRtz_xUEnIvSQiBVpGBSVcdOLZY6RirUYO_qtcJ6qBB1VvQ2HprMOSMOgxkCFxFzuDtYTER_1iMi8p3vXfoOFYQRCEE83fh9WYQyLNpDXF2UysweTYTk0XTc4kpAFl1IYM-WafRS0SL-ZVMg_J1nulEWqy8UzU4h2HKDs7SAY4WqWn5dwuuwT8UGUeSnDIXXmN9DVbMwSQUmLydgws1yc0qnqlXltx5GeUQHcrOVdY3Pv3skA5MlvhHiep5nEOdfOjE8TEisCoiBN1uxBzsnq4OYxxLb872WtzxcspPcnIZ7mBOg7VRB0SXcGuxsL3PGfeaJLYRnor1Ie7t1IKb3S1D7ymydEGl_UUy2uBaUvXALNQ55beUpF8IR9VOcH-Hbi7Dx-hYOk7eWn9dS4WjcfKepU6mT1omroSdRcWui1JdYRkd23Tj2UBs1eAkMyHO-5jVHiOsg9SADkNXx-fxjv8foDaNV81NZS1-CSTXbOUvmOJQb8kW1RG-DhlWQiH19Y_UB063xzw-vMQd-y0OBm59UOy9ZeoLTgJzIDm-stUrQRFjd-DymVeoDqy0cill5Y2Xu82s3MVq67Wc0YAXdAMqQ1FbH4eAGVUOL1aE16oPcstrVhqCWQmFGNOjZnou0KlgFzkIm6xvpOU5uZx5tA1BzKU0l2Gpo45W6gmh3kO2pXJfcy586WfkwGk5DFql7D0flMLcZxG23Nn0U9i0l8USKKv9P4G-jbLQFN75qkGukoHfThS4HqZ0CtDhVlbKAMM1QN8Xn4SZrI-zECjKkbbyDtzKH8X3gCamnfnP3GSobQo7DT7xakLm1aUHPeON5fmNpQ5-_3uAtx6cGRkn9gJGE0-v-eiHoOf2v1Ueqd07fiN_ujS58UZQ97kS_ix_1W7T7z9Dlk6W.min.css"> .is-hidden{display:none!important}.visually-hidden{position:absolute;width:.0625rem;height:.0625rem;border:0;padding:0;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(.0625rem,.0625rem,.0625rem,.0625rem)} img[src="//:0"]{position:relative}img[src="//:0"]:after{content:" ";display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background-color:#ccc}img{height:auto}.img--noscript,.primary-img--noscript{display:block;width:100%;max-width:none;height:auto;background-color:#c7c7c7}.no-js .mntl-primary-image:not(.primary-img--noscript),.no-js img.lazyload{display:none}img{height:auto}.img--noscript,.primary-img--noscript{display:block;width:100%;max-width:none;height:auto;background-color:#c7c7c7}.no-js .mntl-primary-image:not(.primary-img--noscript),.no-js .primary-image__image:not(.primary-img--noscript),.no-js img.lazyload{display:none}.img-placeholder{height:0;overflow:hidden;background-color:#c7c7c7}.img-placeholder img[data-placeholder=blurry].lazyload,.img-placeholder img[data-placeholder=blurry].lazyloading{filter:blur(10px)}.img-placeholder img[data-placeholder=blurry].lazyloaded{filter:none;transition:filter .3s ease-in} @keyframes loaderSpin{100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}} h1{margin:0 0 1rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:2.125rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.1}h1:not(.article-heading--no-underline){position:relative;padding-bottom:1rem}h1:not(.article-heading--no-underline)::after{content:"";width:1.875rem;height:.3125rem;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;background-color:#2c40d0}@media (min-width:50em){h1{font-size:calc(-.0625rem + 4.375vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){h1{font-size:3rem}}h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2;color:#666}@media (min-width:50em){h2{font-size:calc(.5625rem + 1.875vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){h2{font-size:1.875rem}}h3{margin:0;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2}@media (min-width:70em){h3{font-size:1.625rem}}h4{margin:0;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif}.button--night,.mntl-email-form__button{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;display:flex;align-items:center;flex:0 0 auto;padding:.75rem 1.25rem .5rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;text-decoration:none;color:#fff;background:#323a56}.button--night:hover,.mntl-email-form__button:hover{color:#fff;background:#2c40d0}.button--night:hover::after,.mntl-email-form__button:hover::after{border-top:2px solid #fff;border-right:2px solid #fff}.button--night::after,.mntl-email-form__button::after{content:"";display:inline-block;width:7px;height:7px;margin:-3px 0 0 .25rem;border-top:2px solid #ff8c6c;border-right:2px solid #ff8c6c;vertical-align:middle;transform:rotate(45deg)}.home-learn__content .button--night::after,.home-learn__content .mntl-email-form__button::after{margin:-.25rem 0 0 .25rem}.mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}*,::after,::before,html{box-sizing:border-box}figure{margin:0}[type=email],[type=text],input{outline:0;font-size:1rem}h1{margin:0 0 1rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:2.125rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.1}h1:not(.article-heading--no-underline){position:relative;padding-bottom:1rem}h1:not(.article-heading--no-underline)::after{content:"";width:1.875rem;height:.3125rem;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;background-color:#2c40d0}@media (min-width:50em){h1{font-size:calc(-.0625rem + 4.375vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){h1{font-size:3rem}}h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2;color:#666}@media (min-width:50em){h2{font-size:calc(.5625rem + 1.875vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){h2{font-size:1.875rem}}h3{margin:0;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2}@media (min-width:70em){h3{font-size:1.625rem}}h4{margin:0;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif}.button--night,.mntl-email-form__button{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;display:flex;align-items:center;flex:0 0 auto;padding:.75rem 1.25rem .5rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;text-decoration:none;color:#fff;background:#323a56}.button--night:hover,.mntl-email-form__button:hover{color:#fff;background:#2c40d0}.button--night:hover::after,.mntl-email-form__button:hover::after{border-top:2px solid #fff;border-right:2px solid #fff}.button--night::after,.mntl-email-form__button::after{content:"";display:inline-block;width:7px;height:7px;margin:-3px 0 0 .25rem;border-top:2px solid #ff8c6c;border-right:2px solid #ff8c6c;vertical-align:middle;transform:rotate(45deg)}.home-learn__content .button--night::after,.home-learn__content .mntl-email-form__button::after{margin:-.25rem 0 0 .25rem}.mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}html{height:100%;font-size:16px}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:100%;margin:0;padding-top:3.25rem;font-family:SourceSansPro,"Source Sans Pro-fallback",sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;letter-spacing:.05px;line-height:1.5;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;color:#111;background:#fff}@media (min-width:50em){body{padding-top:3.25rem}}a{text-decoration:underline;color:#2c40d0}a:focus,a:hover{text-decoration:none;color:#2333a6}blockquote,ol,p,ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1.75rem}ul{padding-left:1.5rem;list-style:disc}ol{padding:0;list-style:none;counter-reset:section}ol>li{padding-left:1rem;text-indent:-1rem;counter-increment:section}ol>li::before{content:counter(section) ".";display:inline-block;width:1rem;margin-right:.5rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;text-align:right}b,strong{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif}blockquote{word-wrap:break-word;font-style:italic}button{margin:0;border:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;background:0 0;-webkit-appearance:default-button}.mntl-email-form__button{margin-bottom:.6rem;padding:.75rem 1.25rem .65rem}.mntl-email-form__button::after{content:none}.mntl-email-form__button[disabled]{color:#eee;cursor:not-allowed;background:#d4d4d4}@font-face{font-family:"Source Sans Pro-fallback";font-weight:400;font-display:swap;size-adjust:91.75%;ascent-override:110%;src:local("Arial")}@font-face{font-family:Cabin-fallback;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;size-adjust:95.68%;ascent-override:104%;src:local("Arial")}@font-face{font-family:SourceSansPro;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(/static/fonts/SourceSansPro-regular.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/static/fonts/SourceSansPro-regular.woff) format("woff"),url(/static/fonts/SourceSansPro-regular.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(/static/fonts/cabin-semi-bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/static/fonts/cabin-semi-bold.woff) format("woff"),url(/static/fonts/cabin-semi-bold.ttf) format("truetype")}::-webkit-input-placeholder{font-family:SourceSansPro,"Source Sans Pro-fallback",sans-serif;font-size:1rem}::-moz-placeholder{font-family:SourceSansPro,"Source Sans Pro-fallback",sans-serif;font-size:1rem}:-ms-input-placeholder{font-family:SourceSansPro,"Source Sans Pro-fallback",sans-serif;font-size:1rem}input,textarea{width:100%;padding:.6rem .65rem;line-height:1.2rem}input[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:none}input[type=search]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,input[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]{width:auto;margin-right:.3em}h1{margin:0 0 1rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:2.125rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.1}h1:not(.article-heading--no-underline){position:relative;padding-bottom:1rem}h1:not(.article-heading--no-underline)::after{content:"";width:1.875rem;height:.3125rem;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;background-color:#2c40d0}@media (min-width:50em){h1{font-size:calc(-.0625rem + 4.375vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){h1{font-size:3rem}}h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2;color:#666}@media (min-width:50em){h2{font-size:calc(.5625rem + 1.875vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){h2{font-size:1.875rem}}h3{margin:0;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2}@media (min-width:70em){h3{font-size:1.625rem}}h4{margin:0;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif}.button--night,.mntl-email-form__button{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;display:flex;align-items:center;flex:0 0 auto;padding:.75rem 1.25rem .5rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;text-decoration:none;color:#fff;background:#323a56}.button--night:hover,.mntl-email-form__button:hover{color:#fff;background:#2c40d0}.button--night:hover::after,.mntl-email-form__button:hover::after{border-top:2px solid #fff;border-right:2px solid #fff}.button--night::after,.mntl-email-form__button::after{content:"";display:inline-block;width:7px;height:7px;margin:-3px 0 0 .25rem;border-top:2px solid #ff8c6c;border-right:2px solid #ff8c6c;vertical-align:middle;transform:rotate(45deg)}.home-learn__content .button--night::after,.home-learn__content .mntl-email-form__button::after{margin:-.25rem 0 0 .25rem}.mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}h1{margin:0 0 1rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:2.125rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.1}h1:not(.article-heading--no-underline){position:relative;padding-bottom:1rem}h1:not(.article-heading--no-underline)::after{content:"";width:1.875rem;height:.3125rem;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;background-color:#2c40d0}@media (min-width:50em){h1{font-size:calc(-.0625rem + 4.375vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){h1{font-size:3rem}}h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2;color:#666}@media (min-width:50em){h2{font-size:calc(.5625rem + 1.875vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){h2{font-size:1.875rem}}h3{margin:0;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2}@media (min-width:70em){h3{font-size:1.625rem}}h4{margin:0;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif}.button--night,.mntl-email-form__button{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;display:flex;align-items:center;flex:0 0 auto;padding:.75rem 1.25rem .5rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;text-decoration:none;color:#fff;background:#323a56}.button--night:hover,.mntl-email-form__button:hover{color:#fff;background:#2c40d0}.button--night:hover::after,.mntl-email-form__button:hover::after{border-top:2px solid #fff;border-right:2px solid #fff}.button--night::after,.mntl-email-form__button::after{content:"";display:inline-block;width:7px;height:7px;margin:-3px 0 0 .25rem;border-top:2px solid #ff8c6c;border-right:2px solid #ff8c6c;vertical-align:middle;transform:rotate(45deg)}.home-learn__content .button--night::after,.home-learn__content .mntl-email-form__button::after{margin:-.25rem 0 0 .25rem}.mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}img{max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d4d4d4}img[src*=".gif"],img[src*=".png"],img[src*=".svg"]{background-color:transparent}.card--circular-image img.lazyloading{color:transparent}.l-container{width:100%;max-width:80rem;margin:0 auto;padding:0 1.5rem}.has-left-rail{flex:1}.left-rail{display:none;flex-shrink:0;width:17rem;margin:6rem 1.25rem 0 0;padding-left:2.5rem}.bioTemplate .left-rail{margin-top:3rem}.article-journey .left-rail{display:block;width:100%;height:3.5rem;margin:0;padding:0}@media (min-width:64em){.article-journey .left-rail{width:17rem;height:inherit;margin:0 1.25rem 0 0;padding-left:2.5rem}}@media (min-width:50em){.article-journey main:not(.has-right-rail) .left-rail{width:17rem;height:inherit;margin:0 1.25rem 0 0;padding-left:2.5rem}}.is-journey-root .left-rail{height:.1rem}.scTemplate.is-journey-root .left-rail{height:auto}@media (min-width:64em){.left-rail{display:block}}.right-rail.right-rail{display:grid}.right-rail.right-rail.right-rail--ad-container{display:block;height:auto}@media (min-width:34em){.article--video .right-rail.right-rail.right-rail--ad-container{padding-top:5rem}}@media (min-width:50em){.article--searchTemplate .right-rail.right-rail.right-rail--ad-container{padding-top:9.75rem}}@media (min-width:64em){.article--searchTemplate .right-rail.right-rail.right-rail--ad-container{padding-top:7rem}}@media (min-width:34em){.article[data-rail-bp=med] .right-rail.right-rail{display:block;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;right:0}}@media (min-width:50em){.article[data-rail-bp=med2] .right-rail.right-rail{display:block;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;right:0}}.taxonomy-main{flex-direction:column}.taxonomy-spotlight{display:flex}.top-100-bio{display:grid}@media (min-width:50em){.dictionaryTemplate{position:relative;overflow-x:hidden}}.dictionary__sticky{position:relative}h1{margin:0 0 1rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:2.125rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.1}h1:not(.article-heading--no-underline){position:relative;padding-bottom:1rem}h1:not(.article-heading--no-underline)::after{content:"";width:1.875rem;height:.3125rem;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;background-color:#2c40d0}@media (min-width:50em){h1{font-size:calc(-.0625rem + 4.375vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){h1{font-size:3rem}}h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2;color:#666}@media (min-width:50em){h2{font-size:calc(.5625rem + 1.875vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){h2{font-size:1.875rem}}h3{margin:0;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2}@media (min-width:70em){h3{font-size:1.625rem}}h4{margin:0;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif}.button--night,.mntl-email-form__button{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;display:flex;align-items:center;flex:0 0 auto;padding:.75rem 1.25rem .5rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;text-decoration:none;color:#fff;background:#323a56}.button--night:hover,.mntl-email-form__button:hover{color:#fff;background:#2c40d0}.button--night:hover::after,.mntl-email-form__button:hover::after{border-top:2px solid #fff;border-right:2px solid #fff}.button--night::after,.mntl-email-form__button::after{content:"";display:inline-block;width:7px;height:7px;margin:-3px 0 0 .25rem;border-top:2px solid #ff8c6c;border-right:2px solid #ff8c6c;vertical-align:middle;transform:rotate(45deg)}.home-learn__content .button--night::after,.home-learn__content .mntl-email-form__button::after{margin:-.25rem 0 0 .25rem}.mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.main{display:flex;width:100%;max-width:1280px;padding:0 .625rem}@media (min-width:34em){html .main{flex:1 0 auto;margin:0 auto;padding:0 1.25rem}}html.corporateTemplate.corporateTemplate .main{max-width:50rem;padding-top:3rem}html.bioTemplate.bioTemplate .main{max-width:65rem}.article-journey .main{flex-direction:column}@media (min-width:64em){.article-journey .main{flex-direction:row}}@media all and (min-width:50em){.article-journey .main:not(.has-right-rail){flex-direction:row}}.searchTemplate .main{flex-direction:column}.listScCommerceTemplate .main,.liveBlogTemplate .main,.scTemplate .main,.taxonomyScTemplate .main,.termsScTemplate .main{display:grid;width:auto;padding:0;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.homeTemplate .main{max-width:unset}.homeTemplate .main,.quoteTemplate .main{flex-direction:column}.bioTemplate .main{flex-wrap:wrap}.bioTemplate .main .left-rail{flex:0 0 100%}@media (min-width:50em){.bioTemplate .main .left-rail{flex:0 0 28%}}.bioTemplate .main .content-well{flex:0 0 100%}@media (min-width:50em){.bioTemplate .main .content-well{flex:0 0 70%}}.bioTemplate .main .bio-recirc{flex-basis:100%;position:relative}.bioTemplate .main .bio-recirc::before{content:"";z-index:-1;width:100vw;height:100%;position:absolute;right:50%;left:50%;margin-right:-50vw;margin-left:-50vw;background:linear-gradient(to bottom,#fff 0,#fff 125px,#f5f5f6 125px,#f5f5f6 100%)}.dictionaryListingTemplate .main{flex-flow:column;max-width:80rem;margin:0 auto;padding:1rem}@media (min-width:34em){.dictionaryListingTemplate .main{padding:1rem 1.75rem}}.dictionaryTemplate .main{flex-flow:column;position:relative;padding:2rem 3.5rem 6rem 1rem}@media (min-width:50em){.dictionaryTemplate .main{padding-right:1rem}}.marketsTemplate .main{flex-direction:column}.mntl-dynamic-tooltip.mntl-dynamic-tooltip{z-index:90}.is-vishidden.is-vishidden.is-vishidden{width:1px;height:1px;position:absolute;padding:0;border:0;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px)}.is-hidden.is-hidden.is-hidden{display:none}.is-noscroll{height:100%;overflow:hidden} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.content-well{min-width:1px}.content-well.content-well--no-breadcrumbs{margin:3rem 0}.bioTemplate .content-well.content-well--no-breadcrumbs{margin:3rem 0 0}.content-well.content--full-width{width:100%;max-width:56rem;margin:0 auto}.reviewscTemplate .content-well{max-width:54rem;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.bestForXTemplate .content-well{width:100%;max-width:54rem;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.bestForXTemplate .content-well .is-journey-root{max-width:43.75rem}@media (min-width:50em){.bestForXTemplate .content-well .is-journey-root{margin-left:0}}@media (min-width:64em){.is-journey-root .content-well{margin-left:0}}@media (min-width:50em){.has-right-rail .content-well>:not(.leaderboard){padding:0 21.5rem 1rem 0}}.article{position:relative}.article.article--video{overflow:visible}@media (min-width:50em){.has-right-rail .article.article--video{min-height:46rem}}.article.article--searchTemplate{width:100%}@media (min-width:50em){.article.article--searchTemplate{display:grid;-moz-column-gap:3rem;column-gap:3rem;grid-template-columns:auto 18.75rem}.article.article--searchTemplate:not(.has-right-rail){display:block;width:80%;margin:0 auto}}.article-journey.is-journey-root .article{position:static;overflow:visible}@media (min-width:50em){.article-journey.is-journey-root .article{position:relative}}.content--full-width .article{overflow:visible}@media (min-width:34em){.has-right-rail .article-body{padding-right:21.5rem}}@media (min-width:50em){.has-right-rail .article-body{position:static;padding-right:0}} .js-scads-inline-content{position:absolute;top:-10000in}.billboard{min-width:300px;min-height:250px}.billboard[data-ad-height="0"]{display:none}.billboard[data-ad-height=fluid]{min-height:0;padding:0} .gpt{text-align:center} .video-ad{position:relative}.mm-ads-gpt-adunit .video-placeholder{background:#f0f0f0}.mm-ads-gpt-adunit .video-placeholder[class*=leaderboard]{height:250px;max-width:970px;width:100%}.mm-ads-gpt-adunit .video-placeholder[class*=mm-ads-square],.mm-ads-gpt-adunit .video-placeholder[class*=square]{display:block;height:250px;width:300px}.mm-ads-gpt-adunit .video-placeholder[class*=mm-ads-square]~*,.mm-ads-gpt-adunit .video-placeholder[class*=square]~*{top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%)}.mm-ads-gpt-adunit .video-placeholder~*{position:absolute} .ie-notification-banner{position:fixed;z-index:99;top:0;right:0;left:0;padding:16px 0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;text-align:center;background-color:#ffeca7}.ie-notification-banner.is-closed{display:none}.ie-notification-banner__content{display:inline-block}.ie-notification-banner__icon-alert{margin-top:5px;width:30px;height:30px;vertical-align:top}.ie-notification-banner__text-container{display:inline-block;margin:0 8px;width:600px;text-align:left}.ie-notification-banner__text--bold{font-weight:700}.ie-notification-banner__btn{display:inline-block;border-radius:4px;padding:12px;vertical-align:top;font-weight:700}.ie-notification-banner__btn-update{margin-right:8px;text-decoration:none;color:#fff;background-color:#2b922f}.ie-notification-banner__btn-update:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#126815}.ie-notification-banner__btn-close{border:none;color:#666;cursor:pointer;background-color:#dedcd0}.ie-notification-banner__btn-close:hover{background-color:#bcbbb0} #main{position:relative}#height-change-listener{position:absolute;left:0;width:0;height:100%;border:0;background-color:transparent} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.header{z-index:94;display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;max-width:100vw;position:fixed;top:0;box-shadow:0 .125rem .375rem rgba(0,0,0,.15);background:rgba(0,0,0,.65)}.header.is-fullnav{height:100vh;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:scroll}.header.is-fullnav .header__nav-panel{display:block}.header.is-fullnav .header__menu-button .icon-close{display:block}.header.is-fullnav .header__menu-button .icon-menu{display:none}.header.is-searching .header-nav__list-wrapper,.header.is-searching .header__nav-button{display:none}@media (min-width:50em){.header.is-searching .header__menu-button-container{display:block}}@media (min-width:70em){.header.is-searching .header__menu-button-container{display:none}}.header.is-searching .header__logo-wrapper{display:none}@media (min-width:70em){.header.is-searching .header__logo-wrapper{display:block}}.header.is-searching .header__menu-top .utility-nav li:not(.utility-nav__search){display:none}.header__nav-button{padding:6px 10px;border-radius:3px;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.9375rem;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;color:#fff;background:#333e8b}.header__nav-button:hover{color:#fff;background:#2c40d0}.header__nav-button:focus{color:#fff}.header__menu-top{padding-right:1rem;padding-left:1rem;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;height:3.25rem;background-color:#fff}@media (min-width:34em){.header__menu-top{padding-right:max(1.5rem,calc(50% - 18.75rem));padding-left:max(1.5rem,calc(50% - 18.75rem))}}@media (min-width:50em){.header__menu-top{padding-right:2rem;padding-left:2rem}}@media (min-width:64em){.header__menu-top{padding-right:max(2rem,calc(50% - 38.125rem));padding-left:max(2rem,calc(50% - 38.125rem))}}.header__menu-top .utility-nav__full-menu-item,.header__menu-top .utility-nav__search{display:none}@media (min-width:70em){.header__menu-top .utility-nav__full-menu-item,.header__menu-top .utility-nav__search{display:block}}.header__menu-top .utility-nav__subscribe{border-left:0}@media (min-width:70em){.header__menu-top .utility-nav__subscribe{display:none}}@media (min-width:50em){.header__menu-top{height:3.25rem}}@media (min-width:70em){.header__menu-top{height:auto;padding:0}}@media (min-width:34em){.header .utility-nav,.header__logo-wrapper,.header__menu-button-container{display:flex}}@media (min-width:34em){.header__menu-button-container{justify-content:flex-start}}@media (min-width:70em){.header__menu-button-container{display:none}}@media (min-width:34em){.header .utility-nav{justify-content:flex-end}}.header__menu-button{padding:0;border:0;background:unset}.header__menu-button,.header__menu-button__menu-button-inner{display:flex;align-items:center;line-height:0}.header__menu-button .icon{width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;border:0;background:unset;fill:rgba(0,0,0,.65)}.header__menu-button .icon-close{display:none}@media (min-width:70em){.header__menu-button{display:none}}.header__logo-wrapper{flex-grow:1;justify-content:center;position:relative;top:2px;line-height:0}.header__logo-wrapper .icon{width:11rem;height:2rem}@media (min-width:70em){.header__logo-wrapper{flex-grow:0}}.header__nav-panel{display:none;width:100%;height:calc(100% - 3.75rem);padding-bottom:2rem;border-top:1px solid #d8d8d8;overflow-y:auto;background-color:#fff}@media (min-width:50em){.header__nav-panel{max-width:25rem}}@media (min-width:50em){.header--scroll-header{height:3.25rem}}@media (min-width:70em){.header--scroll-header{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}.header--scroll-header .header-nav{flex:1 1 auto;margin-top:0}.header--scroll-header .header-nav__list-wrapper{height:3.25rem;margin-left:0}.header--scroll-header .header-nav__list-item{height:2.5rem;margin-top:.75rem}.header--scroll-header .header-nav__sublist{max-height:calc(100vh - 3.25rem)}.header--scroll-header .navigation-links{display:none}.header--scroll-header .header__menu-top{gap:0}.header--scroll-header .header__logo-wrapper .icon-logo{width:8.7rem;height:1.5rem;margin-right:1rem}.header--scroll-header .utility-nav__full-menu-item{display:none}.header--scroll-header .utility-nav__subscribe{display:block;border-left:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15)}}.header--search .utility-nav__subscribe{display:none}.header--search .header__menu-top .utility-nav__search{display:block}.header--search .header__logo-wrapper{display:flex}@media (min-width:50em){.header{height:3.25rem}}@media (min-width:70em){.header{padding-right:1rem;padding-left:1rem;align-items:center;flex-direction:row;height:3.25rem;background-color:#fff;transition:height .1s}}@media (min-width:70em) and (min-width:34em){.header{padding-right:max(1.5rem,calc(50% - 18.75rem));padding-left:max(1.5rem,calc(50% - 18.75rem))}}@media (min-width:70em) and (min-width:50em){.header{padding-right:2rem;padding-left:2rem}}@media (min-width:70em) and (min-width:64em){.header{padding-right:max(2rem,calc(50% - 38.125rem));padding-left:max(2rem,calc(50% - 38.125rem))}} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.skip-link{z-index:100;position:absolute;top:0;left:-1000rem;padding:1rem 1.5rem;font-family:SourceSansPro,"Source Sans Pro-fallback",sans-serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.0625rem;line-height:1.125rem;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;color:#fff;background-color:#333e8b;transition:top .3s ease-in-out}.skip-link:focus{left:0;color:#fff} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.footer__logo{display:inline-block;height:1.875rem}.footer__logo .inv-logo-inverted{align-self:flex-start;width:16rem;height:1.875rem;margin:0}@media (min-width:50em){.footer__logo .inv-logo-inverted{width:20rem;height:3rem}}@media (min-width:50em){.footer__logo{height:3rem}} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.utility-nav{display:none}.utility-nav__title{display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0;border:0;background:unset}.utility-nav__list{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1.5rem .75rem;margin-bottom:0;padding-left:1rem}.utility-nav__list>li{padding-left:.75rem}.utility-nav__list>li.utility-nav__cta-button,.utility-nav__list>li:first-child{padding-left:0;border-left:0}.utility-nav__newsletter a:visited,.utility-nav__search a:visited,.utility-nav__sweepstakes a:visited{color:initial}.utility-nav__account a,.utility-nav__account button,.utility-nav__magazine a,.utility-nav__magazine button,.utility-nav__signin a,.utility-nav__signin button{display:flex;align-items:center}.utility-nav__account a .icon-account,.utility-nav__account button .icon-account,.utility-nav__magazine a .icon-account,.utility-nav__magazine button .icon-account,.utility-nav__signin a .icon-account,.utility-nav__signin button .icon-account{fill:#2c40d0;margin-right:.25rem}.utility-nav__account .icon,.utility-nav__magazine .icon,.utility-nav__signin .icon{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem}.utility-nav__sublist-container{z-index:1;display:none;width:13.5rem;position:absolute;left:-.125rem;box-shadow:0 .1875rem .5625rem rgba(0,0,0,.15);background-color:#fff}.utility-nav__sublist-list-item:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.utility-nav__sublist-list-item a{display:block;padding:.75rem 1rem}.utility-nav__sublist-list-item a:visited{color:initial}@media (min-width:70em){.utility-nav__sublist-list-item a:active,.utility-nav__sublist-list-item a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-line:none;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05)}.utility-nav__sublist-list-item a:focus{outline-offset:-3px}}@media (min-width:70em){.utility-nav__account,.utility-nav__magazine{position:relative}.utility-nav__account .utility-nav__link-list,.utility-nav__magazine .utility-nav__link-list{padding:.5rem 0}.utility-nav__account .utility-nav__title:hover+.utility-nav__sublist-container,.utility-nav__account:focus-within .utility-nav__sublist-container,.utility-nav__account:hover .utility-nav__sublist-container,.utility-nav__magazine .utility-nav__title:hover+.utility-nav__sublist-container,.utility-nav__magazine:focus-within .utility-nav__sublist-container,.utility-nav__magazine:hover .utility-nav__sublist-container{display:block}}.utility-nav__cta-button a{padding:.25rem .75rem;text-transform:none}.utility-nav__cta-button a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-line:none}.is-searching .utility-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:100%}.is-searching .utility-nav__list,.is-searching .utility-nav__search{width:100%}.is-searching .utility-nav__list .general-search,.is-searching .utility-nav__search .general-search{margin:0 auto}@media (min-width:50em){.is-searching .utility-nav__list .general-search,.is-searching .utility-nav__search .general-search{margin-right:0}}@media (min-width:50em){.is-searching .utility-nav{flex-grow:1;justify-content:flex-end;width:auto}}@media (min-width:70em){.is-searching .utility-nav{align-items:flex-start}}.utility-nav .general-search__form{display:none}.utility-nav .general-search__input-group{align-items:center}.utility-nav .general-search__validation-message{width:20.25rem}.utility-nav .general-search label{margin-right:.5rem}.is-searching .utility-nav .general-search{width:100%}.is-searching .utility-nav .general-search__form{z-index:1;display:block;background:#fff}.is-searching .utility-nav .general-search__icon-button{display:none}.utility-nav .general-search__close .icon-close,.utility-nav .general-search__icon-button .icon-search{fill:rgba(0,0,0,.65)}.utility-nav .general-search__close{margin-left:1rem}@media (min-width:34em){.utility-nav{display:block}} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.general-search{z-index:1;width:100%;position:relative}.general-search.is-focus .general-search__button{display:flex}.general-search .icon-close,.general-search .icon-search{position:relative;vertical-align:middle}.general-search .icon-search{width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem}.general-search .icon-close{width:1rem;height:1rem}.general-search__search-input{display:none}.general-search__form{width:350px;position:absolute;top:50%;right:0;transform:translateY(-50%)}.general-search__form .general-search__button,.general-search__form .general-search__close{position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%)}.general-search__form .general-search__button{left:.5rem}.general-search__form .general-search__close{right:0}.general-search__input-group .icon-search{width:.75rem;height:.75rem}.general-search__input-group input{width:calc(100% - 1.75rem);height:2.75rem;padding:0 .75rem 0 1.5rem;outline:0;border:1px solid #333e8b;border-radius:3px}.general-search__input-group input:focus-visible{outline:revert}.general-search__input-group input::-moz-placeholder{color:#777}.general-search__input-group input::placeholder{color:#777}@media (min-width:34em){.general-search__input-group input{height:2.375rem}}.general-search__input-group label{display:none;padding:0}.general-search__close{padding:0;border:0;cursor:pointer;background:unset}.general-search .general-search__button{padding:0}.general-search__icon-button-container{display:flex;align-items:center}.general-search__icon-button{margin-left:auto;padding:0;outline:0;border:0;text-align:right;background:0 0}.general-search__icon-button:focus-visible{outline:revert}.general-search .validation-message{z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:1.25rem;right:1.75rem;left:auto} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.message-banner{display:flex;align-items:center;width:100%;padding:.75rem 1rem}.message-banner.is-input-error{width:auto;margin:0 -.25rem}.message-banner--success{background-color:#e5f2e5}.message-banner--success .icon-check-circle{fill:green}.message-banner--informational{background-color:#e6eefa}.message-banner--informational .icon-info{fill:#014ecb}.message-banner--warning{background-color:#fff5e6}.message-banner--warning .icon-warning{fill:#fe9802}.message-banner--error{background-color:#fae6e6}.message-banner--error .icon-error{fill:#c00}.message-banner__icon{flex-shrink:0;width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem}.message-banner__text{flex-grow:1;padding:0 .5rem}.message-banner__close-button{display:flex;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;background:unset}.message-banner__close-button .icon-close{fill:rgba(0,0,0,.65)} .header-nav a{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.9375rem;letter-spacing:1px;line-height:20px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;color:#0d0d0d}.mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.header-nav{display:none;background-color:#fff}.header-nav__list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;background-color:#fff}.header-nav__list-wrapper{height:3.25rem;overflow:hidden}.header-nav__list-item{display:flex;align-items:center;height:3.25rem;padding:0 1vw}.header-nav__list-item:focus-within>a,.header-nav__list-item:hover>a{border-bottom:1px solid #0d0d0d;text-decoration:none}.header-nav__list-item:focus-within .header-nav__sublist,.header-nav__list-item:hover .header-nav__sublist{display:block}.header-nav__list-item:last-child{margin-right:0}.header-nav__list-item>a{position:relative;top:2px;border-bottom:1px solid transparent}.header-nav__list-item>a:visited{color:initial}@media (min-width:1240px){.header-nav__list-item{padding:0 1rem}}.header-nav__list-item-about-us>a{white-space:nowrap}.header-nav__sublist{z-index:-1;display:none;width:13rem;max-height:calc(100vh - 3.25rem);position:absolute;top:3.25rem;margin-left:-1rem;padding:0;border-top:none;overflow-y:auto;list-style:none;box-shadow:0 .1875rem .5625rem rgba(0,0,0,.15);background:#fff}.header-nav__sublist:focus,.header-nav__sublist:hover{display:block}.header-nav__sublist::after{content:"";z-index:-1;display:block;width:100%;height:1rem;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;transform:translateY(-100%);background-color:#fff}.header-nav__sublist-item.view-all a{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase}.header-nav__sublist-item.view-all a:active,.header-nav__sublist-item.view-all a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-line:none}.header-nav__sublist-item a{display:block;padding:.75rem 1rem .625rem;font-family:SourceSansPro,"Source Sans Pro-fallback",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:capitalize}.header-nav__sublist-item a:active,.header-nav__sublist-item a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-line:none;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05)}.header-nav__sublist-item a:focus{outline-offset:-3px}.header-nav__sublist-item a:visited{color:initial}.header-nav__subscribe-link:visited{color:initial}.header-nav .navigation-links{margin-left:auto}@media (min-width:70em){.header-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;flex:1;justify-content:center}} .fullscreen-nav__list a{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.9375rem;letter-spacing:1px;line-height:20px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;color:#0d0d0d}.mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.fullscreen-nav{position:relative}.fullscreen-nav--subnav-open{visibility:hidden;height:100%;overflow-y:hidden}.fullscreen-nav__list{margin-bottom:1.25rem;list-style:none}.fullscreen-nav__list-item>a{height:49px}.fullscreen-nav__list .fullscreen-nav__link,.fullscreen-nav__list .fullscreen-nav__title{width:100%;padding:.75rem 0;border-width:0 0 1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.15)}.fullscreen-nav__list li:last-child .fullscreen-nav__link,.fullscreen-nav__list li:last-child .fullscreen-nav__title{border-bottom:none}.fullscreen-nav__sublist{padding-left:0;list-style:none}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__sublist-container,.fullscreen-nav__sublist-container{visibility:hidden;z-index:1;width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;left:100vw;overflow-y:scroll;background-color:#fff}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__sublist-back-button,.fullscreen-nav__link,.fullscreen-nav__sublist-back-button,.fullscreen-nav__title{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;border-radius:0;background:unset}.fullscreen-nav__title .icon-chevron_right{fill:#2c40d0}.fullscreen-nav .fullscreen-nav__title.active+.utility-nav__sublist-container,.fullscreen-nav__title.active+.fullscreen-nav__sublist-container{visibility:visible;left:0}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__sublist-header,.fullscreen-nav__sublist-header{display:flex;align-items:center;position:relative;left:-.5rem;margin:1.5rem 0 2rem}.fullscreen-nav__sublist-header-text{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.9375rem;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#333e8b}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__sublist-back-button,.fullscreen-nav__sublist-back-button{padding:0;border:0}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__sublist-list-item,.fullscreen-nav__sublist-item{margin-bottom:1rem}.fullscreen-nav .view-all.utility-nav__sublist-list-item a,.fullscreen-nav__sublist-item.view-all a{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.9375rem;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__sublist-list-item a,.fullscreen-nav__sublist-item a{display:inline-block;font-family:SourceSansPro,"Source Sans Pro-fallback",sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:capitalize}.fullscreen-nav .general-search{margin-top:1.5rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem}.fullscreen-nav .general-search__input-group{flex-wrap:wrap;position:relative}.fullscreen-nav .general-search__input-group input{width:100%}.fullscreen-nav .general-search__button{fill:#fff;position:absolute;top:50%;left:.5rem;transform:translateY(-50%)}.fullscreen-nav .general-search label{width:100%;margin-bottom:.3125rem}.fullscreen-nav .general-search .validation-message{width:100%;top:2.5rem;right:auto;left:0}@media (min-width:34em){.fullscreen-nav .general-search{display:none}}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav{display:none;flex-direction:row;padding-top:2rem;padding-bottom:2rem;border-top:2px solid rgba(0,0,0,.95)}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav li{width:100%;padding-left:0;border-left:0}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__sublist-container{display:block}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__sublist-list-item a{padding:0}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__list{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;justify-content:stretch;width:100%}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__magazine .fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__account{position:static}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__magazine .fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__account a{justify-content:space-between}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__magazine .fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__account .utility-nav__link-list{padding:0}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__title{width:100%}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__title span{flex-grow:1;text-align:left;color:rgba(0,0,0,.95)}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__title.active+.utility-nav__sublist-container{visibility:visible;left:0}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__title .icon-chevron_right{fill:rgba(0,0,0,.65)}.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__cta-button a{display:inline-block;width:unset}.fullscreen-nav .icon-arrow_left,.fullscreen-nav .icon-chevron_right{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem}.fullscreen-nav .icon-arrow_left{fill:#333e8b}.fullscreen-nav .general-search,.fullscreen-nav .general-search .validation-message,.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav,.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__sublist-container,.fullscreen-nav__list,.fullscreen-nav__sublist-container{padding-right:1rem;padding-left:1rem}@media (min-width:34em){.fullscreen-nav .general-search,.fullscreen-nav .general-search .validation-message,.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav,.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__sublist-container,.fullscreen-nav__list,.fullscreen-nav__sublist-container{padding-right:max(1.5rem,calc(50% - 18.75rem));padding-left:max(1.5rem,calc(50% - 18.75rem))}}@media (min-width:50em){.fullscreen-nav .general-search,.fullscreen-nav .general-search .validation-message,.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav,.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__sublist-container,.fullscreen-nav__list,.fullscreen-nav__sublist-container{padding-right:2rem;padding-left:2rem}}@media (min-width:64em){.fullscreen-nav .general-search,.fullscreen-nav .general-search .validation-message,.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav,.fullscreen-nav .utility-nav__sublist-container,.fullscreen-nav__list,.fullscreen-nav__sublist-container{padding-right:max(2rem,calc(50% - 38.125rem));padding-left:max(2rem,calc(50% - 38.125rem))}}@media (min-width:50em){.fullscreen-nav{max-width:25rem}}@supports (-webkit-touch-callout:none){.fullscreen-nav{padding-bottom:5.125rem}@media (min-width:64em){.fullscreen-nav{padding-bottom:0}}} .social-nav__link:before{content:attr(data-text)}.social-nav__title{font-weight:400}.social-nav__list{display:flex}.social-nav__icon{width:24px;height:24px} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.header-social-nav{padding-right:1rem;padding-left:1rem;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding-top:2rem;border-top:2px solid #a3a6b3}@media (min-width:34em){.header-social-nav{padding-right:max(1.5rem,calc(50% - 18.75rem));padding-left:max(1.5rem,calc(50% - 18.75rem))}}@media (min-width:50em){.header-social-nav{padding-right:2rem;padding-left:2rem}}@media (min-width:64em){.header-social-nav{padding-right:max(2rem,calc(50% - 38.125rem));padding-left:max(2rem,calc(50% - 38.125rem))}}.header-social-nav .social-nav__list>.social-nav__item::before{content:unset}.header-social-nav .social-nav__title{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:1rem}.header-social-nav .social-nav__list{justify-content:space-between;width:75%;margin:0;list-style:none}.header-social-nav .social-nav__item{margin-right:.25rem}.header-social-nav .social-nav__item:last-child{margin-right:0}.header-social-nav .social-nav__link{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:1.125rem;height:1.125rem;background-color:transparent}.header-social-nav .social-nav__link:hover{border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.95)}.header-social-nav .social-nav__icon{width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;fill:#444}.header-social-nav .social-nav__icon.icon-facebook,.header-social-nav .social-nav__icon.icon-linkedin{width:1rem;height:1rem} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.live-coverage-button{margin:0;padding:.375rem .625rem;border-radius:3px;font-size:.9375rem;text-decoration:none;background-color:#c80d00}.live-coverage-button:hover{background-color:#b50d00}.live-coverage-button__text{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;margin-left:15px;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;color:#fff} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.live-coverage-icon{position:relative}.live-coverage-icon__dot{width:7px;height:7px;position:absolute;top:7px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#c80d00}.live-coverage-button .live-coverage-icon__dot{background-color:#fff}.home-hero-primary .live-coverage-icon__dot,.home-hero-secondary .live-coverage-icon__dot{top:6px;background-color:#c80d00}@media (min-width:50em){.home-hero-primary .live-coverage-icon__dot,.home-hero-secondary .live-coverage-icon__dot{top:8px}}@media (min-width:34em){.live-coverage-icon__dot{background-color:#fff}}.live-coverage-icon__pulse{opacity:0;width:15px;height:15px;position:absolute;top:3px;left:-4px;border:3px solid #c80d00;border-radius:30px;animation:liveblog-icon-pulse 2s ease-out;animation-iteration-count:infinite}.live-coverage-button .live-coverage-icon__pulse{animation-iteration-count:5}.home-hero-primary .live-coverage-icon__pulse,.home-hero-secondary .live-coverage-icon__pulse{top:2px}@media (min-width:50em){.home-hero-primary .live-coverage-icon__pulse,.home-hero-secondary .live-coverage-icon__pulse{top:4px}}@media (min-width:34em){.live-coverage-icon__pulse{border:3px solid #fff}}@keyframes liveblog-icon-pulse{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:scale(.1,.1)}50%{opacity:1}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:scale(1.2,1.2)}} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.jump-link{transform:translateY(-3.25rem)}@media (max-width:50em){.jump-link{transform:translateY(-3.25rem)}} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.social-follow{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start}.left-rail .social-follow.social-follow--bio-page{display:none}@media (min-width:64em){.left-rail .social-follow.social-follow--bio-page{display:block}}.article-header--content .social-follow.social-follow--bio-page{display:block}@media (min-width:64em){.article-header--content .social-follow.social-follow--bio-page{display:none}}.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;order:-2;width:2.5rem;height:2.5rem;margin:0 .625rem .5rem 0;border:0;border-radius:.3125rem;font-size:0;cursor:pointer}.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--facebook{background:#3f5a94}.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--facebook:focus,.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--facebook:hover{background:#374f82}.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--instagram{background:#8a3ab9}.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--instagram:focus,.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--instagram:hover{background:#7c34a6}.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--x{background:#333}.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--x:focus,.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--x:hover{background:#262626}.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--linkedin{background:#2e77b0}.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--linkedin:focus,.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--linkedin:hover{background:#29699c}.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--website{background:#2c40d0}.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--website:focus,.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--website:hover{background:#2333a6}.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--email{background:#2c40d0}.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--email:focus,.social-follow.social-follow--bio-page .social-nav__item--email:hover{background:#2333a6}.social-follow.social-follow--footer{margin-top:4px;margin-left:6px;padding-bottom:.5rem}.social-follow.social-follow--footer .social-nav__link::before{display:none}@media (min-width:50em){.footer .social-follow.social-follow--footer{display:block}}.social-follow.social-follow--footer .social-nav__list{flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between;width:20rem;position:relative;margin:0 auto;padding-left:0;outline:0;list-style-type:none}@media (min-width:50em){.social-follow.social-follow--footer .social-nav__list{margin:0}}.social-follow.social-follow--footer .social-nav__item:focus .icon,.social-follow.social-follow--footer .social-nav__item:hover .icon{fill:#c5dcff}.social-follow.social-follow--footer .social-nav__item a{text-decoration:none}.social-follow.social-follow--footer .social-nav__icon{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;margin:0;line-height:0;background:0 0}.social-follow.social-follow--footer .social-nav__icon>svg{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;fill:#fff}.social-follow.social-follow--footer .social-nav__icon>svg:focus,.social-follow.social-follow--footer .social-nav__icon>svg:hover{fill:#c5dcff}@media (min-width:64em){.social-follow.social-follow--footer{padding-bottom:1rem}}.social-follow .social-nav__list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:-.01rem;margin-left:-1.45rem}.social-follow .social-nav--heading{margin-right:.5rem;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:calc((3rem - 1.5rem)/ 2);font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.5rem}.social-follow .icon{width:1.5rem;height:1rem;fill:#fff} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.footer-links__list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 auto;padding:1rem 0 0;list-style:none}@supports (display:grid){.footer-links__list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}}@media (min-width:50em){.footer-links__list{width:100%;margin:0;padding:0}@supports (display:grid){.footer-links__list{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,auto)}}}.footer-links__item{width:33%;padding-bottom:1rem;line-height:1}.footer-links__item .icon-privacy-options{width:30px;height:14px;position:relative;top:2px}@media (min-width:50em){.footer-links__item{padding:0 0 1.375rem 1.5rem}}@supports (display:grid){.footer-links__item{display:block;width:auto}}.footer-links__link{font-size:.875rem;letter-spacing:.03rem;line-height:1;text-decoration:none;color:#fff}.footer-links__link:focus,.footer-links__link:hover{color:#c5dcff}.footer-links__link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.footer-links__item__too-long .footer-links__link{max-width:10rem}.footer-links__link .privacy-options-icon{white-space:nowrap}@media (min-width:50em){.footer-links__link{font-size:1rem;white-space:normal}.footer-links__item__too-long .footer-links__link{display:block}}@media (min-width:64em){.footer-links__link{font-size:1.25rem}}.footer-links__privacy{padding:0} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.terms-bar{padding:1.5rem}.terms-bar__list{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.terms-bar__link{text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none}.terms-bar .link__wrapper{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:1.25rem;color:#fff}.terms-bar .link__wrapper:hover{text-decoration:underline;color:#c5dcff}.terms-bar--footer{display:none;border-top:1px solid #666}@media (min-width:50em){.terms-bar--footer{display:block}}.terms-bar--dictionary{opacity:1;z-index:1;width:36px;height:calc(100vh - 48px);position:fixed;top:48px;right:0;padding:0;background:#f5f5f6;transition:opacity .25s ease-out}.terms-bar--dictionary.terms-bar--bottom,.terms-bar--dictionary.terms-bar--top{position:absolute;right:-3.5rem}.terms-bar--dictionary.terms-bar--top{opacity:0;top:0}.terms-bar--dictionary.terms-bar--bottom{top:auto;bottom:0}.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__list{flex-direction:column;height:100%;padding:.5rem 0;background:#f5f5f6}@media (min-width:50em){.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__list{z-index:1;flex-direction:row;width:auto;height:auto;position:relative;padding:0 .5rem}}.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__link{display:block;padding:0;pointer-events:none}@media (min-width:50em){.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__link{padding:.5rem 1.1vw .25rem}}@media (min-width:64em){.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__link{padding:.5rem 1.2vw .25rem}}@media (min-width:70em){.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__link{padding:.5rem 1rem .25rem}}.terms-bar--dictionary .link__wrapper{display:block;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.75rem;text-indent:-999em;color:#2c40d0;pointer-events:none}.terms-bar--dictionary .link__wrapper:hover{text-decoration:none}.terms-bar--dictionary .link__wrapper::after{content:"";display:block;width:2px;height:2px;position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;border-radius:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);background:#2c40d0}@media (min-width:50em){.terms-bar--dictionary .link__wrapper{font-size:1.25rem;text-indent:0;color:#333}}.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item{display:block;text-align:center;cursor:pointer}@media (min-width:50em){.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item.is-active,.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item:hover{background:#fff}.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item.is-active .link__wrapper,.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item:hover .link__wrapper{color:#2c40d0}}.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item .link__wrapper{position:relative;text-indent:-999em}@media (min-width:50em){.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item .link__wrapper{text-indent:0}.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item .link__wrapper::after{display:none}}.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item:first-child .link__wrapper,.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item:nth-child(3n+2) .link__wrapper{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;padding:.25rem 0 0;text-indent:0}.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item:first-child .link__wrapper:hover,.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item:nth-child(3n+2) .link__wrapper:hover{text-decoration:none}.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item:first-child .link__wrapper::after,.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item:nth-child(3n+2) .link__wrapper::after{display:none}@media (min-width:50em){.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item:first-child .link__wrapper,.terms-bar--dictionary .terms-bar__item:nth-child(3n+2) .link__wrapper{padding:0}}@media (min-width:50em){.terms-bar--dictionary{visibility:visible;opacity:1;display:block;width:auto;height:auto;position:sticky;margin:0 -1rem}.terms-bar--dictionary::after,.terms-bar--dictionary::before{content:"";display:block;width:100%;height:42px;position:absolute;top:0;background:#f5f5f6}}@media (min-width:64em){.terms-bar--dictionary::before{left:-100%}.terms-bar--dictionary::after{right:-100%}} @keyframes loaderSpin{100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav{background-color:#fff}.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav.mntl-carbon-dotdash-universal-nav .mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__content{padding-right:1rem;padding-left:1rem;align-items:center;flex-direction:column}@media (min-width:34em){.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav.mntl-carbon-dotdash-universal-nav .mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__content{padding-right:max(1.5rem,calc(50% - 18.75rem));padding-left:max(1.5rem,calc(50% - 18.75rem))}}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav.mntl-carbon-dotdash-universal-nav .mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__content{padding-right:2rem;padding-left:2rem}}@media (min-width:64em){.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav.mntl-carbon-dotdash-universal-nav .mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__content{padding-right:max(2rem,calc(50% - 38.125rem));padding-left:max(2rem,calc(50% - 38.125rem))}}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav.mntl-carbon-dotdash-universal-nav .mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__content{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:row}}.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__content{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 auto;padding:1.5625rem 1.5rem 1.875rem}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__content{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:row;padding:1.25rem 1.5rem .875rem}}@media (min-width:64em){.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__content{flex-wrap:nowrap}}.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__logo{display:block;position:relative;flex-shrink:0;margin-bottom:.375rem;width:100px;height:25px}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__logo{margin-right:.625rem}}.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__wrapper{display:flex;flex-direction:column;text-align:center}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__wrapper{justify-content:space-between;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;width:calc(100% - 100px - .625rem);text-align:left;gap:0 125px}}.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__notice,.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__text{display:inline-block;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:400;line-height:18px;text-align:center;color:#000}@media (min-width:34em){.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__notice,.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__text{flex-shrink:0;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:30px}}.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__notice--link,.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__text--link{white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:underline}.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__notice--link:focus-visible,.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__text--link:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #014ecb;outline-offset:1px}.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__notice--link:hover,.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__text--link:hover{text-decoration:none}.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__notice,.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__notice a{padding-top:1rem;color:#c00}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__notice,.mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__notice a{padding-top:0}} .mntl-breadcrumbs__item{display:inline-block}.mntl-breadcrumbs__item+.mntl-breadcrumbs__item::before{content:">";display:inline-block;margin:0 .5rem}.mntl-universal-breadcrumbs{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;color:#000;row-gap:.75rem}.mntl-universal-breadcrumbs .icon-chevron{margin:0 .25rem;width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;fill:rgba(0,0,0,.65)}.mntl-universal-breadcrumbs .mntl-breadcrumbs__link{position:relative}.mntl-universal-breadcrumbs .mntl-breadcrumbs__link:hover{-webkit-text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-line:underline}.mntl-universal-breadcrumbs .mntl-breadcrumbs__link:disabled{color:rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.mntl-universal-breadcrumbs .mntl-breadcrumbs__item{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-direction:row}.mntl-universal-breadcrumbs .mntl-breadcrumbs__item::before{content:none;margin:0} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.mntl-breadcrumbs{margin:2rem 0 .5rem;padding-left:0;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;transition:font-size .15s}.mntl-breadcrumbs .icon-arrow-right{width:.75rem;height:.75rem;position:relative;top:1px;fill:#2c40d0}.toolsTemplate .mntl-breadcrumbs .icon-arrow-right{fill:#c5dcff}.mntl-breadcrumbs .mntl-breadcrumbs__item+.mntl-breadcrumbs__item{padding-left:16px;background-image:url(/static/icons/svg/icon-arrow-right.svg);background-position:left center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:.75rem}.article-hero .mntl-breadcrumbs .mntl-breadcrumbs__item+.mntl-breadcrumbs__item{margin-top:0;background-image:url(/static/icons/svg/icon-arrow-right--white.svg)}.mntl-breadcrumbs__item+.mntl-breadcrumbs__item::before{display:none}.mntl-breadcrumbs__item{display:initial}.article-hero .mntl-breadcrumbs__item{z-index:1;position:relative}.mntl-breadcrumbs__link{text-decoration:none;color:#2c40d0;transition:color .15s}.mntl-breadcrumbs__link:hover{color:#333e8b}.toolsTemplate .mntl-breadcrumbs__link{color:#fff}.toolsTemplate .mntl-breadcrumbs__link:hover{color:#c5dcff} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}@media (min-width:34em){.has-right-rail .article-header{padding-right:21.5rem}}@media (min-width:50em){.has-right-rail .article-header{padding-right:0}}@media (min-width:64em){.has-right-rail .article-header{display:block}}.corporateTemplate .article-header{padding-bottom:1rem}.toolsTemplate .article-header{position:relative}.toolsTemplate .article-header::before{width:100vw;position:relative;right:50%;left:50%;margin-right:-50vw;margin-left:-50vw;content:"";z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:-200px;bottom:-1rem;background-color:#323a56}@media (min-width:56em){.toolsTemplate .article-header::before{opacity:.9}}.toolsTemplate .article-header>*{color:#fff}.product-roundup--finance .article-header.loc{max-width:65.25rem;margin:0 auto;padding:0 .625rem}@media (min-width:50em){.product-roundup--finance .article-header.loc{padding-left:17.1875rem}}.product-roundup__above-the-fold-redesign--finance.product-roundup--finance .article-header.loc{max-width:72rem!important}.article-header--journey-root{margin-top:.5rem}@media (min-width:34em){.article-header--journey-root{margin-top:1.25rem}}.article-hero .article-heading{display:block;max-width:100%;margin-bottom:0;padding:0;padding-bottom:1rem;font-size:2.3125rem;background:0 0}.article-hero .article-heading:not(.article-heading--no-underline){position:relative;padding-bottom:1rem}.article-hero .article-heading:not(.article-heading--no-underline)::after{content:"";width:1.875rem;height:.3125rem;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;background-color:#2c40d0}@media (min-width:64em){.article-hero .article-heading{font-size:3rem}}.article-hero .article-subheading{margin-top:1rem}.article-hero .breadcrumbs{margin-top:0;grid-column:2}@media (min-width:64em){.article-hero--container.mntl-article--three-column .article-heading,.article-hero--container.mntl-article--three-column .article-subheading,.article-hero--container.mntl-article--three-column .breadcrumbs{grid-column:1}}@media (min-width:70em){.article-hero--container.mntl-article--three-column .article-heading,.article-hero--container.mntl-article--three-column .article-subheading,.article-hero--container.mntl-article--three-column .breadcrumbs{grid-column:2}}.article-hero--container.mntl-article--two-column-right-rail .article-heading,.article-hero--container.mntl-article--two-column-right-rail .article-subheading,.article-hero--container.mntl-article--two-column-right-rail .breadcrumbs{grid-column:1}.article-hero--container .article-heading,.article-hero--container .article-subheading,.article-hero--container .mntl-breadcrumbs__link{color:#fff}.article-header--bio{display:flex}@media (min-width:65em){html:not(.new-layout-breakpoints-mntl) .article-header--bio{display:block}}@media (min-width:64em){.new-layout-breakpoints-mntl .article-header--bio{display:block}}@media (min-width:34em){.bioTemplate .article-header--bio{margin-bottom:1rem}}.article-header--bio .honorific-suffix{margin-bottom:.5rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2;color:#777}@media (min-width:34em){.article-header--bio .honorific-suffix{font-size:1.5rem}} .toolsTemplate .article-heading{margin-bottom:.25rem}@media (min-width:56em){.toolsTemplate .article-heading{margin-bottom:1rem}} .article-subheading{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2;color:#666}@media (min-width:50em){.article-subheading{font-size:calc(.5625rem + 1.875vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){.article-subheading{font-size:1.875rem}}.mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.article-subheading{margin:.75rem 0 .5rem} @charset "UTF-8";.mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.article-meta{display:inline-block;position:relative;margin:0 0 .75rem}.article-heading+.article-meta{margin-top:0}.article-header--termsc .article-meta{margin:0 0 1rem}.article-header--journey-root .article-meta{margin:.5rem 0 .75rem}.market-news .article-meta{margin:0;line-height:1rem}.article-meta .byline--horizontal{display:block}.article-meta .byline--horizontal .mntl-attribution__item-date::before,.article-meta .byline--horizontal .mntl-bylines__group:not(:last-child)::after{content:unset}.article-meta .byline--horizontal .mntl-bylines__group:not(:last-child){margin-right:0}.article-meta .byline--horizontal .mntl-bylines__group--author .mntl-attribution__item-name:not(.mntl-author-tooltip__name){margin-right:.5rem}.article-meta .byline--horizontal .mntl-attribution__item-date{white-space:nowrap;color:#191919}.article-meta .byline--horizontal .mntl-attribution__item-date::before{content:"|";margin-right:.5rem;font-weight:600;color:#191919}.article-meta .byline--horizontal .mntl-bylines__item .mntl-dynamic-tooltip.mntl-dynamic-tooltip{top:1.5rem}@media (min-width:50em){.article-meta .byline--horizontal{display:flex}.article-meta .byline--horizontal .mntl-attribution__item-date::before{content:"|"}.article-meta .byline--horizontal .mntl-bylines__group:not(:last-child){margin-right:2.25rem}.article-meta .byline--horizontal .mntl-bylines__group:not(:last-child)::after{content:"•";height:.625rem;position:absolute;top:-.3125rem;right:-1.125rem;font-size:1.125rem;color:#2c40d0}.article-meta .byline--horizontal .mntl-bylines__group:not(.mntl-bylines__group--author) [data-tooltip-position-x=left] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip{right:-.8rem;left:unset}.article-meta .byline--horizontal .mntl-bylines__group:not(.mntl-bylines__group--author) [data-tooltip-position-x=left] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip .mntl-dynamic-tooltip--content::before{right:.8125rem;left:unset}} .mntl-bylines__group{line-height:1}.mntl-bylines__group--with-image.mntl-bylines__group{display:flex;justify-content:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:90%;min-width:300px;max-width:300px;padding-left:5.125rem}@media (min-width:34em){.mntl-bylines__group--with-image.mntl-bylines__group{justify-content:center;width:100%;min-width:initial;max-width:none}}.mntl-bylines__timestamp{display:inline-block;margin-top:.25rem}.mntl-bylines__timestamp::before{padding-left:0}.mntl-bylines__timestamp::after{content:attr(data-timestamp);padding-left:.2rem}.mntl-bylines__group--author .mntl-attribution__item--has-date::after,.mntl-bylines__timestamp::before{display:inline-block}.mntl-bylines__group--author.mntl-bylines__group--timestamp .mntl-attribution__item--has-date::after,.mntl-bylines__group--author.mntl-bylines__group--timestamp .mntl-attribution__item-date{display:none}.mntl-bylines:nth-last-child(3):first-child{width:100%} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.mntl-bylines__group{position:relative;font-size:.875rem;line-height:2}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-bylines__group{vertical-align:baseline}}.finance-taglines .mntl-taglines__group{line-height:2}.mntl-attribution__item.mntl-attribution__item{display:inline-block;line-height:1}.mntl-attribution__item.mntl-attribution__item .mntl-attribution__item-date,.mntl-attribution__item.mntl-attribution__item .mntl-attribution__item-descriptor,.mntl-attribution__item.mntl-attribution__item>div{display:inline-block;margin-right:.25rem}.mntl-attribution__item.mntl-attribution__item .mntl-attribution__item-icon{display:none;width:16px;height:16px;position:relative;top:3px;background-color:#fff;fill:#333e8b}.mntl-attribution__item-name:not(.mntl-author-tooltip__name){letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;display:inline;padding-bottom:1px;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;line-height:1;text-decoration:none;color:#111}.mntl-attribution__item-name:not(.mntl-author-tooltip__name):focus,.mntl-attribution__item-name:not(.mntl-author-tooltip__name):hover{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:solid;color:#333e8b}.mntl-attribution__item-name:not(.mntl-author-tooltip__name):not(span){border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dashed}.product-roundup__above-the-fold-redesign--finance.product-roundup--finance .mntl-attribution__item-name:not(.mntl-author-tooltip__name){line-height:1.5rem}.mntl-attribution__item-name:not(.mntl-author-tooltip__name) .mntl-attribution__item-name--guest-author:focus .link__wrapper,.mntl-attribution__item-name:not(.mntl-author-tooltip__name) .mntl-attribution__item-name--guest-author:hover .link__wrapper{border-bottom-style:none}.mntl-attribution__item-name:not(.mntl-author-tooltip__name) .mntl-attribution__item-name--guest-author .link__wrapper{border-bottom-style:solid}.mntl-attribution__item-date--publish,.mntl-attribution__item-date--update{line-height:1.375rem}.mntl-attribution__item-date--publish::before,.mntl-attribution__item-date--update::before{content:"|";margin:0 .375rem 0 .125rem}.marketsTemplate .mntl-bylines__group{display:none}.marketsTemplate .mntl-bylines__group--author{display:block} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.mntl-author-tooltip.mntl-author-tooltip{padding:1rem;border:1px solid #bbb;font-size:.875rem;box-shadow:4px 4px 2px rgba(51,62,139,.25)}.mntl-author-tooltip.mntl-author-tooltip::before{border-color:#bbb}.mntl-author-tooltip__top{display:grid;grid-template-columns:min-content auto;grid-template-rows:auto auto min-content min-content;grid-template-areas:"attribution attribution" "image bio" "image author-link" "image social"}@media (min-width:34em){.mntl-author-tooltip__top{grid-template-columns:min-content min-content minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-rows:auto auto min-content;grid-template-areas:"attribution attribution attribution" "image bio bio" "image author-link social"}}.mntl-author-tooltip__name{margin-bottom:.625rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.3125rem;grid-area:attribution}.mntl-author-tooltip__name .mntl-attribution__item-descriptor{margin-right:0}.mntl-author-tooltip__name .mntl-attribution__item-date{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;color:initial}.mntl-author-tooltip__name .mntl-attribution__item-date::before{display:none}.mntl-author-tooltip__image-wrapper{width:90px;margin-right:.8125rem;overflow:hidden;grid-area:image;filter:grayscale(100%)}.mntl-author-tooltip__image-wrapper img[data-placeholder=blurry].lazyloaded{width:100%;height:auto}.mntl-author-tooltip__bio{margin-bottom:13px;line-height:1.25rem;grid-area:bio}.mntl-author-tooltip__bio p{font-size:.875rem}.finance-author-tooltip__link{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;display:inline;margin:0 1.375rem .5rem 0;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;white-space:nowrap;text-transform:none;text-decoration:none;color:#333e8b;grid-area:author-link}.finance-author-tooltip__link:hover{color:#2c40d0}.finance-author-tooltip__link:hover .link__wrapper{text-decoration:underline}.finance-author-tooltip__link::after{content:">";display:inline;margin-left:.25rem}.finance-author-tooltip__social{grid-area:social}.mntl-author-tooltip__bottom{line-height:1.1875rem}.mntl-author-tooltip__bottom::before{content:"";display:block;margin:.6875rem 0 1rem;border-top:1px #bbb solid}.mntl-author-tooltip__bottom::after{content:".";margin-left:-.2rem}.mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-text{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.05rem}.mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-link{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;text-decoration:underline;color:#333e8b}.mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-link:hover{text-decoration:none;color:#2c40d0}@media (max-width:34em){.mntl-bylines__item [data-tooltip],.mntl-taglines__item [data-tooltip]{position:static}}.mntl-bylines__item .mntl-dynamic-tooltip.mntl-dynamic-tooltip,.mntl-taglines__item .mntl-dynamic-tooltip.mntl-dynamic-tooltip{top:19px;background:0 0}@media (max-width:34em){.mntl-bylines__item .mntl-dynamic-tooltip.mntl-dynamic-tooltip,.mntl-taglines__item .mntl-dynamic-tooltip.mntl-dynamic-tooltip{width:calc(100% - 10px);top:auto}}@media (max-width:34em){[data-tooltip-position-x=left] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip.mntl-dynamic-tooltip,[data-tooltip-position-x=right] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip.mntl-dynamic-tooltip{right:auto;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(0)}}@media (max-width:34em){.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--content::before{display:none}}@media (min-width:50em){.marketsTemplate [data-tooltip-position-x=center] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip--content::before,.marketsTemplate [data-tooltip-position-x=left] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip--content::before{right:13px;left:auto}.marketsTemplate [data-tooltip-position-x=left] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip{right:-10px;left:auto}} .mntl-attribution__item,.mntl-attribution__item-date{display:inline}.mntl-bylines__group--with-image.mntl-bylines__group .mntl-bylines__item{display:grid;position:relative;grid-template-areas:"image image by auth auth"}.mntl-bylines__group--with-image.mntl-bylines__group .mntl-bylines__item+.mntl-bylines__item{margin-left:.05rem}.mntl-bylines__group--with-image .mntl-attribution__author-image{grid-area:image}.mntl-bylines__group--with-image .mntl-attribution__item-descriptor{margin-right:.25rem;grid-area:by}.mntl-bylines__group--with-image .mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger{grid-area:auth}.mntl-attribution__author-image{position:absolute;border-radius:100%}@media (min-width:34em){.mntl-attribution__author-image{align-self:baseline}} [data-tooltip]{display:inline-block;position:relative}[data-tooltip]:before{content:"";position:absolute;z-index:3;width:10px;height:10px;border-top:1px solid;border-left:1px solid;background-color:#fff;opacity:0;transform:rotate(-45deg);left:calc(50% - 5px);transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out}[data-tooltip]:after{position:absolute;visibility:hidden;opacity:0;z-index:2;left:0;color:initial;background-color:#fff;transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out;pointer-events:none;content:attr(data-tooltip);border:1px solid}[data-tooltip][data-tooltip-position-x=left][data-tooltip-position-y=top]:after,[data-tooltip][data-tooltip-position-x=right][data-tooltip-position-y=top]:after{transform:translateX(0) translateY(-100%)}[data-tooltip][data-tooltip-position-x=left]:before{top:100%}[data-tooltip][data-tooltip-position-x=left]:after{transform:translateX(0) translateY(0);right:auto;left:-10px}[data-tooltip][data-tooltip-position-x=center]:before{top:100%}[data-tooltip][data-tooltip-position-x=center]:after{transform:translateX(-50%);right:auto;left:50%}[data-tooltip][data-tooltip-position-x=right]:before{top:100%}[data-tooltip][data-tooltip-position-x=right]:after{transform:translateX(0) translateY(0);right:-10px;left:auto}[data-tooltip][data-tooltip-position-x=center][data-tooltip-position-y=top]:after{transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%)}[data-tooltip][data-tooltip-position-y=top]:before{transform:translateY(-100%) rotate(-135deg);top:0}[data-tooltip][data-tooltip-position-y=top]:after{top:-5px}[data-tooltip][data-tooltip-position-y=bottom]:before{transform:rotate(45deg);top:100%}[data-tooltip][data-tooltip-position-y=bottom]:after{top:calc(100% + 5px)}.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger:focus-visible>.mntl-dynamic-tooltip,.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger:hover>.mntl-dynamic-tooltip,.mntl-dynamic-tooltip:focus-within,[data-dynamic-tooltip-trigger]:hover+.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger>.mntl-dynamic-tooltip,[data-tooltip-trigger]:hover+[data-tooltip]:after,[data-tooltip-trigger]:hover+[data-tooltip]:before,[data-tooltip]:hover:after,[data-tooltip]:hover:before{visibility:visible;opacity:1;pointer-events:auto}@supports not selector(:focus-visible){.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger:focus>.mntl-dynamic-tooltip{visibility:visible;opacity:1;pointer-events:auto}}[data-tooltip].mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger:after,[data-tooltip].mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger:before{visibility:hidden}.mntl-dynamic-tooltip{position:absolute;visibility:hidden;opacity:0;z-index:2;left:0;color:initial;background-color:#fff;transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out;pointer-events:none;width:400px}[data-tooltip-position-x=left] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip{transform:translateX(0) translateY(0);right:auto;left:-10px}[data-tooltip-position-x=left] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip--content:before{left:13px}[data-tooltip-position-x=right] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip{transform:translateX(0) translateY(0);right:-10px;left:auto}[data-tooltip-position-x=right] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip--content:before{right:13px}[data-tooltip-position-x=center] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip{transform:translateX(-50%);right:auto;left:50%}[data-tooltip-position-x=center] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip--content:before{left:calc(50% - 5px)}.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--content{z-index:2;margin-top:5px;border:1px solid;padding:5px;overflow:hidden;background-color:#fff}.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--content:before{content:"";position:absolute;z-index:3;width:10px;height:10px;border-top:1px solid;border-left:1px solid;background-color:#fff;transform:rotate(45deg);top:0} .mntl-author-tooltip{display:none}.mntl-dynamic-tooltip .mntl-author-tooltip{display:block}.mntl-pl-component .mntl-author-tooltip{display:block;width:400px}.mntl-author-tooltip__image{width:100%} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.finance-social-nav .social-nav__list{margin-bottom:0;padding-left:0;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;list-style:none;color:#333e8b}.finance-social-nav .social-nav__list .social-nav__item:first-child{margin-right:1.375rem}.finance-social-nav .social-nav__list .social-nav__link{white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;color:#333e8b}.finance-social-nav .social-nav__list .social-nav__link:hover{color:#2c40d0}.finance-social-nav .social-nav__list .social-nav__link:hover::before{text-decoration:underline}.finance-social-nav .social-nav__list .social-nav__link::before{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;margin-right:.25rem;font-size:.875rem;letter-spacing:.03rem;text-transform:none;text-decoration:none}.finance-social-nav .social-nav__icon{width:.75rem;height:.75rem;vertical-align:bottom}.finance-social-nav .social-nav__icon.icon-linkedin-bg{fill:#333e8b;background-color:#fff}.social-nav__link:hover .finance-social-nav .social-nav__icon.icon-linkedin-bg{fill:#2c40d0}.finance-social-nav .social-nav__icon.icon-x{background-color:transparent;fill:#333e8b}.social-nav__link:hover .finance-social-nav .social-nav__icon.icon-x{fill:#2c40d0}.mntl-dynamic-tooltip .finance-social-nav .social-nav__icon.icon-linkedin{padding:2px;border-radius:3px;background:#333e8b;fill:#fff}.social-nav__link:hover .mntl-dynamic-tooltip .finance-social-nav .social-nav__icon.icon-linkedin{background:#2c40d0} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.revenue-disclosure{margin:1rem 0;padding:0;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-style:italic;background-color:transparent}.revenue-disclosure p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.revenue-disclosure h3{display:block;margin-bottom:0;line-height:2.25rem}.is-journey-root .revenue-disclosure{display:none}.list-sc--finance .revenue-disclosure,.product-review--finance .revenue-disclosure,.product-roundup--finance .revenue-disclosure{margin:0}.revenue-disclosure--ad{margin-top:0}.revenue-disclosure--toggle .revenue-disclosure__container{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;margin-top:-1.5rem;font-size:.875rem}.revenue-disclosure--toggle .revenue-disclosure__label{font-size:.8125rem;color:#2c40d0}.revenue-disclosure--toggle .revenue-disclosure__description{z-index:9;display:none;width:18.75rem;position:absolute;top:-.75rem;right:0;padding:1.875rem;border:.0625rem solid #d4d4d4;line-height:1rem;text-align:left;color:#191919;background-color:#fff}.revenue-disclosure--toggle .revenue-disclosure__description.active{display:block}.revenue-disclosure--toggle .revenue-disclosure__description p{margin-bottom:unset;line-height:1rem}.revenue-disclosure--toggle .revenue-disclosure__close{height:unset;position:absolute;top:1.25rem;right:.75rem;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400;line-height:.875rem;cursor:pointer} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.mntl-pl-rendered-component{width:100%}.product-card{width:100%;margin-bottom:1rem}@media (min-width:34em){.product-card{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:1.5rem 2.5rem;border:1px solid #ccc}}.product-card--logo{display:block;width:100%;margin-bottom:1rem}.product-card--logo-image{display:flex;align-items:center;min-height:4rem}.product-card--logo-image img{width:auto;max-width:18rem;height:auto;max-height:4rem}@media (min-width:34em){.product-card--logo-image{order:0}}@media (min-width:34em){.product-card--rating{order:0}}.product-card--rating-header{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;display:none;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem}@media (min-width:34em){.product-card--rating-header{display:block}}.product-card--fast-facts{margin-top:.5rem;margin-bottom:1rem}@media (min-width:34em){.product-card--fast-facts{order:1;width:100%;margin-bottom:0}}.product-card--fast-facts-header{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem}.product-card--fast-facts-list{margin:0;padding:0}.product-card--fast-facts-item{list-style:none}.product-card--fast-facts-item:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.product-card--fast-facts-item strong{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif}.product-card--account-cta{display:inline-block;width:100%;height:3rem;position:relative;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;background:#c5dcff}.product-card--account-cta:hover{background:#2c40d0}.product-card--account-cta:hover .link__wrapper{color:#fff}.product-card--account-cta:hover .icon-caret{fill:#fff}.product-card--account-cta .link__wrapper{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;vertical-align:bottom;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:3.3rem;color:#111}.product-card--account-cta .icon-caret{content:"";width:.8rem;height:1.3rem;position:absolute;top:.8rem;margin-left:.5rem;transform:rotate(-90deg)}@media (min-width:34em){.product-card--account-cta{width:15rem;margin-top:1.5rem}}@media (min-width:50em){.product-card--account-cta{order:0}} .mntl-gif__video{display:block;width:100%;height:100%}.img-placeholder .mntl-gif__video{height:auto}.no-js .mntl-gif__video:not(.mntl-gif__video--fallback){display:none}.no-js .mntl-gif__video::-webkit-media-controls-panel{display:none} .mntl-sc-block-starrating{display:inline-block}.mntl-sc-block-starrating a{display:inline-block}.mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper{display:inline-block;position:relative;width:20px;height:20px}.mntl-sc-block-starrating__background,.mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar{position:absolute;transform:translateY(-50%);top:50%;height:95%}.mntl-sc-block-starrating__background{width:100%;background-color:#d8d8d8}.mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar{background-color:#fc0}.mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg{display:block;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;fill:#fff}.mntl-sc-block-starrating__label{display:inline-block;padding-top:2px;padding-left:5px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Arial} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}@media (min-width:34em){.bestForXTemplate h2.finance-sc-block-heading,.reviewscTemplate h2.finance-sc-block-heading{display:inline;overflow:hidden;line-height:unset}}.section-rule{margin:2.25rem 0 1rem;border:0;border-top:3px solid #d4d4d4}.finance-sc-block-starrating{display:inline-block}.mntl-sc-block-starrating{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:middle;line-height:unset}.mntl-sc-block-review .mntl-sc-block-starrating,.mntl-sc-block-starrating.product-card--rating-stars{margin-right:3rem;padding-left:0}@media (min-width:34em){.mntl-sc-block-starrating{padding-left:1rem}}@media (min-width:64em){.mntl-sc-block-starrating{padding:0 0 .05rem 1rem}}.mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem}.mntl-sc-block-review .mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper,.product-card--rating-stars .mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper{width:2rem;height:2rem}@media (min-width:34em){.mntl-sc-block-review .mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper,.product-card--rating-stars .mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper{width:2.25rem;height:2.25rem;line-height:2.5rem}}.mntl-sc-block-starrating__background{transform:scale(.9,.9) translateY(-55%);background-color:#a3a6b3}.mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar{transform:scale(.9,.9) translateY(-55%);background-color:#333e8b}.mntl-sc-block-starrating__label{padding-top:unset;font-family:SourceSansPro;font-size:1.25rem;color:#323a56}.mntl-sc-block-starrating__label::after{content:"/5"}.mntl-sc-block-review .mntl-sc-block-starrating__label,.product-card--rating-stars .mntl-sc-block-starrating__label{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2.5rem;color:#777} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.finance-sc-block-subheading{margin:0;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.5}@media (min-width:50em){.finance-sc-block-subheading{font-size:calc(.71875rem + .9375vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){.finance-sc-block-subheading{font-size:1.375rem}} .mntl-sc-block-html:not(.mntl-sc-block-html-sliced){counter-reset:section}.mntl-sc-block-html>ol{counter-reset:none}.mntl-sc-block-html .mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline>.mntl-block{display:inline} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.katex{position:relative;margin-bottom:-1rem;padding-top:2px;overflow:auto}.katex::before{content:"";z-index:1;width:4rem;height:calc(100% - 1.2rem);position:absolute;right:0;background:linear-gradient(to left,#fff 25%,rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);pointer-events:none}@supports (-ms-ime-align:auto){.katex::before{display:none}}@media all and (-ms-high-contrast:none),(-ms-high-contrast:active){.katex::before{display:none}}.katex .katex-html{width:100%;padding-right:4rem;padding-bottom:1rem;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;scrollbar-width:thin}.katex .katex-html::-webkit-scrollbar{width:7px;height:7px;background-color:#f5f5f6;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none}.katex .katex-html::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:4px;background-color:#c5dcff}@supports (-ms-ime-align:auto){.katex .katex-html{padding-right:0}}@media all and (-ms-high-contrast:none),(-ms-high-contrast:active){.katex .katex-html{padding-right:0}}ol.finance-sc-block-html li::before{margin-right:0;padding-right:.375rem;font-family:SourceSansPro,"Source Sans Pro-fallback",sans-serif}ol.finance-sc-block-html li{margin-bottom:.375rem;padding-left:1.75rem}.finance-sc-block-html .ql-indent-1{margin-left:3rem;padding-left:0;text-indent:0;list-style:disc;counter-increment:auto}ol.finance-sc-block-html>li.ql-indent-1::before{display:none} .finance-sc-block-heading{margin:0;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:1.375rem;font-weight:bolder;line-height:1.2;color:#111}@media (min-width:50em){.finance-sc-block-heading{font-size:calc(.75rem + 1.25vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){.finance-sc-block-heading{font-size:1.625rem}}.mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-advisorinsight{position:relative;margin-bottom:1.75rem;padding:.5rem 1rem .5rem 2.5rem}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-advisorinsight .mntl-sc-block-callout-heading{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;padding-bottom:.5rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-advisorinsight .mntl-sc-block-callout-heading::before{content:"";display:inline-block;width:2rem;height:2rem;position:absolute;top:.25rem;left:0}.is-window-loaded .mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-advisorinsight .mntl-sc-block-callout-heading::before{background:url(/static/icons/svg/callouts/advisor-insight.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-advisorinsight .mntl-sc-block-callout-body p{margin-bottom:.625rem}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-advisorinsight .mntl-sc-block-callout-body p:first-child a{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;text-decoration:none}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-advisorinsight .mntl-sc-block-callout-body p:first-child a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-advisorinsight .mntl-sc-block-callout-body p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-whatyouneedtoknow{position:relative;margin:1rem 0 2rem}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-whatyouneedtoknow::after,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-whatyouneedtoknow::before{content:"";z-index:1;display:inline-block;height:3.25rem;position:absolute}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-whatyouneedtoknow::before{width:14rem;border-top:2px solid #ff8c6c;border-left:2px solid #ff8c6c}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-whatyouneedtoknow::after{width:12rem;right:0;bottom:0;border-right:2px solid #ff8c6c;border-bottom:2px solid #ff8c6c}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-whatyouneedtoknow ol>li{padding-bottom:.375rem;padding-left:1.5rem;text-indent:-1.5rem}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-whatyouneedtoknow ul>li{padding-bottom:.375rem}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-whatyouneedtoknow .mntl-sc-block-callout-heading{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;display:block;margin-bottom:0;padding:1.5625rem 1.25rem .5625rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:1rem}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-whatyouneedtoknow .mntl-sc-block-callout-body{padding:0 1.25rem 1.25rem}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-whatyouneedtoknow .mntl-sc-block-callout-body :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-awards{min-height:2.5rem;padding-bottom:.5rem}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-awards::before{content:"Winner";display:block;padding-right:.25rem;padding-bottom:.25rem;padding-left:3.25rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;letter-spacing:.07rem;text-transform:uppercase;color:#ad9372}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-awards::before{padding-left:3.75rem}}.is-window-loaded .mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-awards{background:url(/static/icons/svg/award-badge.svg) 0 2px no-repeat;background-size:44px 55px}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-awards .mntl-sc-block-callout-heading{display:inline-block;margin:0;padding-bottom:.25rem;padding-left:3.25rem;overflow:visible;font-size:1.875rem;line-height:1.1}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-awards .mntl-sc-block-callout-heading{padding-left:3.75rem}}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-awards .mntl-sc-block-callout-body p{margin-bottom:.75rem}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-awards .mntl-sc-block-callout-body ul{margin-left:0;padding-left:0;list-style-type:none}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-awards .mntl-sc-block-callout-body li{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;padding-bottom:.625rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-awards .mntl-sc-block-callout-body li:last-child{padding-bottom:0}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-awards .mntl-sc-block-callout-body li a{font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-awards .mntl-sc-block-callout-body{padding-left:3.75rem}}.review-sc .mntl-sc-block-callout-body{display:none}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-note .mntl-sc-block-callout-heading{display:inline-block;padding:1.25rem .5rem 0 1rem;border-top:1px solid #e1e2e6;border-left:1px solid #e1e2e6;font-size:1.875rem;font-weight:400;line-height:2.25rem;color:#8bb9ff}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-note .mntl-sc-block-callout-heading.no-title{padding:1.25rem .5rem 0 1rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;letter-spacing:.05rem;line-height:.8rem;color:#ff8c6c}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-note .mntl-sc-block-callout-heading.no-title::before{content:"FAST FACT"}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-note .mntl-sc-block-callout-body{position:relative;margin-bottom:2rem;padding:0 1rem .6rem}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-note .mntl-sc-block-callout-body::after{content:"";width:7rem;height:2.25rem;position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;border-right:1px solid #e1e2e6;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e2e6}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-note .mntl-sc-block-callout-body h4,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-note .mntl-sc-block-callout-body>p{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75rem;font-style:italic}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-note .mntl-sc-block-callout-body h4:last-child,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-note .mntl-sc-block-callout-body>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-important,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-tip,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-warning{margin:0 0 2rem;padding:.5rem;border:1px solid #e1e2e6}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-important .mntl-sc-block-callout-heading,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-tip .mntl-sc-block-callout-heading,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-warning .mntl-sc-block-callout-heading{display:none}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-important .mntl-sc-block-callout-body,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-tip .mntl-sc-block-callout-body,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-warning .mntl-sc-block-callout-body{padding-right:1.75rem;padding-left:2rem}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-important .mntl-sc-block-callout-body::before,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-tip .mntl-sc-block-callout-body::before,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-warning .mntl-sc-block-callout-body::before{content:"";display:inline-block;width:1rem;height:1.25rem;vertical-align:top}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-important p,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-tip p,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-warning p{display:inline;vertical-align:baseline}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-important p:first-child::before,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-tip p:first-child::before,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-warning p:first-child::before{padding-right:.5rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-important a,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-tip a,.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-warning a{overflow-wrap:break-word}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-tip .mntl-sc-block-callout-body::before{margin:.25rem .4375rem 0 -1.6875rem}.is-window-loaded .mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-tip .mntl-sc-block-callout-body::before{background:url(/static/icons/svg/callouts/callout_tip.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-tip .mntl-sc-block-callout-body>p:first-child::before{content:"Tip:"}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-important .mntl-sc-block-callout-body::before{margin:.25rem .25rem 0 -1.5rem}.is-window-loaded .mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-important .mntl-sc-block-callout-body::before{background:url(/static/icons/svg/callouts/callout_important.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-important .mntl-sc-block-callout-body>p:first-child::before{content:"Important:"}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-warning .mntl-sc-block-callout-body::before{margin:.25rem 0 0 -1.25rem}.is-window-loaded .mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-warning .mntl-sc-block-callout-body::before{background:url(/static/icons/svg/callouts/callout_warning.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat}.mntl-sc-block-callout.theme-warning .mntl-sc-block-callout-body>p:first-child::before{content:"Warning:"} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri[data-src^="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net"],.mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri[src^="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net"]{width:100%;height:401px}.mntl-sc-block-iframe:not(.sc-block-iframe--datawrapper){width:100%;height:0;position:relative;margin-bottom:1rem;padding-top:25px;padding-bottom:56.25%;overflow-y:scroll;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}.mntl-sc-block-iframe:not(.sc-block-iframe--datawrapper).megaphone{padding:100px;overflow-y:hidden}.mntl-sc-block-iframe:not(.sc-block-iframe--datawrapper)>iframe{width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;left:0}.mntl-sc-block-iframe__caption{display:block;position:relative;top:-4px;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.4;font-style:normal;color:#191919}.finance-sc-block-iframe{margin-bottom:1.5rem} @media (min-width:29em){.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist{display:flex}}.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper{flex-grow:1} @charset "UTF-8";.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist h3{margin:0;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:1.375rem;font-weight:bolder;line-height:1.2;color:#111}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist h3{font-size:calc(.75rem + 1.25vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist h3{font-size:1.625rem}}.mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist{margin:1.5rem 0}.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist h3{width:100%;margin-bottom:.75rem}@media (min-width:34em){.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist{display:flex;flex-direction:column}}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap}}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper{max-width:50%;margin-top:0}}.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading{display:block;position:relative;margin-bottom:.75rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2}@media all and (min-width:50em){.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper:nth-child(2){margin-top:0}}.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list{margin:0;margin-bottom:1rem;padding:0 1rem 0 1.675rem}.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list li{list-style:none}.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list li::before{content:"•";position:absolute;margin-left:-.8em;font-size:1.125rem;text-align:center;color:#2c40d0}.mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list p{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.5rem;line-height:1.4} .mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto}.mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper--no-scroll,.mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper--no-scroll .mntl-sc-block-table__table{overflow:visible}.mntl-sc-block-table__table{min-width:100%;max-width:5vw;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.mntl-sc-block-table{display:block;position:relative;margin-bottom:2rem;background:#fff}.mntl-sc-block-table::after,.mntl-sc-block-table::before{display:block;width:15px;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0}.mntl-sc-block-table.is-left-scrollable::before{content:"";left:0;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at center left,rgba(0,0,0,.4),transparent 80%)}.mntl-sc-block-table.is-right-scrollable::after{content:"";right:0;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at center right,rgba(0,0,0,.4),transparent 80%)}.mntl-sc-block-table figcaption{margin:.75rem 0 .25rem;font-size:.875rem;letter-spacing:.05px;line-height:1.3;font-style:italic;background:#fff}.mntl-sc-block-table .mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper{overflow-y:hidden}.mntl-sc-block-table .mntl-sc-block-table__table{display:table;max-width:none;margin:0;vertical-align:text-top;font-family:SourceSansPro,"Source Sans Pro-fallback",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.25}.mntl-sc-block-table tbody tr:nth-child(2n+1){background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05)}.mntl-sc-block-table tbody tr:nth-child(2n+1) th{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1)}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-sc-block-table tbody tr:nth-child(2n+1) th{background-color:#e1e2e6}}@media (min-width:50em){.mntl-sc-block-table tbody tr:nth-child(2n+1){background-color:#f5f5f6}}.mntl-sc-block-table tbody tr:nth-child(2n) th{background-color:#f5f5f6}.mntl-sc-block-table td,.mntl-sc-block-table th{padding:.75rem .5rem .5rem;border-top:none;border-right:1px solid #d4d4d4;border-bottom:none;vertical-align:text-top;line-height:1.3;text-align:left}.mntl-sc-block-table td:last-child,.mntl-sc-block-table th:last-child{border-right:none}.mntl-sc-block .mntl-sc-block-table .mntl-sc-block-table__title{padding-left:0;border-top:none;border-right:none;border-left:none;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.3;background:#fff}.mntl-sc-block-table .mntl-sc-block-table__title figcaption{margin:.75rem 0 .25rem;margin-top:1rem;font-size:.875rem;letter-spacing:.05px;line-height:1.3;font-style:italic;background:#fff}thead th .mntl-sc-block-table .mntl-sc-block{border-bottom:1px solid #666}.mntl-sc-block-table th.mntl-sc-block-table__title{padding-left:0;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:18px}.mntl-sc-block-table b{font-family:SourceSansPro,"Source Sans Pro-fallback",sans-serif} .textnote__heading{margin:0;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2}@media (min-width:70em){.textnote__heading{font-size:1.625rem}}.mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.textnote-placeholder{position:relative}.textnote-placeholder .sponsored{letter-spacing:.05rem;text-transform:uppercase;position:absolute;top:6px;right:0;font-size:.625rem;color:#666}.textnote{margin-bottom:0}.textnote__heading{margin-bottom:.5rem;padding-right:4.75rem;font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:1.375rem}@media (min-width:50em){.textnote__heading{font-size:calc(.75rem + 1.25vw)}}@media (min-width:70em){.textnote__heading{font-size:1.625rem}} .mntl-expandable-block.is-expanded .expandable-content{display:block}.mntl-expandable-block .expandable-content{display:none} .mntl-article-sources.is-expanded svg.show-icon{display:none}.mntl-article-sources.is-expanded svg.hide-icon{display:inline-block}.mntl-article-sources__heading{margin:0}.mntl-article-sources__wrapper{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-direction:row}.mntl-article-sources svg{margin-left:5px;width:16px;height:18px}.mntl-article-sources svg.show-icon{display:inline-block}.mntl-article-sources svg.hide-icon{display:none} .mntl-svg-resource.is-hidden{display:block!important;width:0;height:0}.article-sources{padding-bottom:2rem}.product-roundup--finance .article-sources.prm-article-sources{margin:0 .625rem}@media (min-width:50em){.product-roundup--finance .article-sources.prm-article-sources{margin-left:0}}.perfMktgListSCTemplate .article-sources.prm-article-sources{width:100%;max-width:48rem;margin:0 auto}.article-sources .article-sources__wrapper{display:inline-flex;margin-bottom:1rem;padding:.75rem 1rem .25rem;border-top:2px solid #f0f0f0;border-left:2px solid #f0f0f0;cursor:pointer}.article-sources__icon-wrapper{display:block;position:relative;top:-1px;left:6px;line-height:0}.article-sources__show-icon{display:inline-block;width:0;height:0;border-width:8px 5px 0;border-style:solid;border-color:#2c40d0 transparent transparent}.is-expanded .article-sources__show-icon{display:none}.article-sources__hide-icon{display:none;width:0;height:0;border-width:0 5px 8px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent #2c40d0}.is-expanded .article-sources__hide-icon{display:inline-block}.article-sources .article-sources__heading{font-family:Cabin-semi-bold,Cabin-fallback,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#333}.article-sources__disclaimer{margin-bottom:1rem;padding:0 1rem;color:#333}.mntl-inline-citation.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger{display:inline-flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:center;position:inherit;margin-left:2px;padding-bottom:0;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.07em;line-height:1;text-indent:0}.mntl-inline-citation.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger:hover>span::after{content:"";visibility:hidden;z-index:3;width:10px;height:10px;position:absolute;top:18px;left:-1px;border-top:1px solid #bbb;border-left:1px solid #bbb;transform:rotate(45deg);background-color:#fff}@media (min-width:34em){.mntl-inline-citation.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger:hover>span::after{visibility:visible}}.mntl-inline-citation.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger:hover::after,.mntl-inline-citation.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger:hover::before,.mntl-inline-citation.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger:hover>span{z-index:91}.product-roundup--finance .mntl-inline-citation.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger{position:static}.mntl-inline-citation.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger span{pointer-events:none}.mntl-inline-citation.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger::after,.mntl-inline-citation.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger::before,.mntl-inline-citation.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger>span{z-index:89;position:relative;top:-7px}.mntl-inline-citation .mntl-dynamic-tooltip[class]{width:calc(100% - 1rem);left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(11px);text-indent:0;background:0 0;transition:none}@media (min-width:34em){.mntl-inline-citation .mntl-dynamic-tooltip[class]{width:auto;max-width:400px;transform:translateX(0) translateY(11px)}.mntl-inline-citation[data-tooltip-position-x=left] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip[class]{right:auto;left:-.5rem}.taxonomyScTemplate .mntl-inline-citation[data-tooltip-position-x=left] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip[class]{left:2rem}.mntl-inline-citation[data-tooltip-position-x=right] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip[class]{right:-.5rem;left:auto}.taxonomyScTemplate .mntl-inline-citation[data-tooltip-position-x=right] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip[class]{right:2rem}.mntl-inline-citation[data-tooltip-position-x=center] .mntl-dynamic-tooltip[class]{min-width:180px;right:auto;left:auto}}.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--content{padding:.5rem;background:#fff}.mntl-dynamic-tooltip--content p{margin:0;font-size:.875rem;letter-spacing:.02em;line-height:1.5;font-style:normal}.mntl-inline-citation .mntl-dynamic-tooltip--content::before{display:none}.mntl-dynamic-tooltip .mntl-dynamic-tooltip--content{border:1px solid #bbb}.mntl-sources__source{margin-bottom:1.25rem;padding-left:2.65rem;text-indent:-1.3rem;color:#333}.mntl-sources__source::before{width:1.2rem;margin-right:0;padding-right:.375rem;font-family:SourceSansPro,"Source Sans Pro-fallback",sans-serif;font-weight:400}.mntl-sources__source a{position:relative;text-decoration:none;color:#333}.mntl-sources__source a:hover{color:#333}.mntl-sources__source a:hover span{color:#2c40d0}.mntl-sources__source a::after{content:", " attr(href);word-break:break-word}.mntl-sources__source a span{text-decoration:underline}.mntl-sources__source>*{display:inline;padding-left:0} .mntl-inline-citation{position:relative;padding-bottom:15px;vertical-align:super;font-size:75%;text-decoration:none;color:#00e;cursor:pointer}.mntl-inline-citation:before{content:"["}.mntl-inline-citation:after{content:"]"} .katex{display:block;visibility:hidden;overflow-x:scroll;overflow-y:hidden}.katex::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:7px;height:7px}.katex.katex--loaded{visibility:visible}.katex::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:4px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5)} </style> <link type="text/css" rel="preload" data-glb-css="async" href="/static/2.168.0/cache/eNrTLy5JLMlM1k_Ozy3Iz0vNKynWT8_JT0rM0U_Lzy9JLYJSAC5nD0k.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"></link> <!-- reset rel to stylesheet for no-script --> <noscript><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/static/2.168.0/cache/eNrTLy5JLMlM1k_Ozy3Iz0vNKynWT8_JT0rM0U_Lzy9JLYJSAC5nD0k.min.css" /></noscript> <style type="text/css"> </style> <script type="text/javascript" data-glb-js="top" src="/static/2.168.0/cache/eNp9klFuwyAMQC80xB0mTfudplyAgEPdAI6wyZSevhB1XVuxSIAI70GwjWYxglZHkySAthQXSpCEdTAbFdFnrk3ZE9j5TT_L5yZdNsYLVIPShP5VuX0FHPlZxySQGawgpd65ZBy4DrBEMwJ3SBEMKH02JXWEHcVDLtnYGZM_lFZIjrKWUyapS3ejojGDmReqMfc2xjpRPaVdHJNJFg5_HM02wuv6QyEt52kf_hxyJcBekc-vofUeEpM9SAubzQQBWXoWW2Uc90iGmpICwy15d-XhanVnM_0inbiWMnIZeyd_D--t_4f2ctXJxwr9jC_Gg1oRfg6y5iXu7y2gndXvA7gCY-oyQg.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.csrf = window.Mntl.csrf || window.Mntl.csrfInit('e2b5867b8765c842a1133238ffb7f271', false);(function(){ const mantleDependencies = { csAutoRefreshMobileAdhesive: 'true' } ; const pageTargeting = { customSeries: 'INV_Future_of_Work' ,abtest: 'lcid1' ,tax0: 'inv' ,custom: '' ,rpv: 91 ,pagetitle: 'Interactive Brokers Review' ,rid: 'n6110456028b140eabd61a16cca22456b16' ,url: '/interactive-brokers-review-4587904' ,sid: 'n6110456028b140eabd61a16cca22456b16' ,microtags: 'Interactive Brokers,Screener (website),Foreign exchange market,Routing,Scanners' } ; const baseSlotTargeting = { gtemplate: 'review' ,leaid: '246610' ,revenueGroup: 'PERFORMANCEMARKETING' ,docId: '4587904' ,viewtype: '' ,type: 'review' ,tax1: 'inv_investing' ,tax2: 'inv_brokers' ,t: '130' ,au: '213364' ,tier: 'H' ,jny: '0' ,leuid: '160435217120077' ,sbj: 'pidnull' ,id: '4587904' ,aid: '' ,tax3: 'inv_stock-brokers' ,jnyroot: '' } ; const adLazyOffset = {'mob-square-fixed-intro-1': 750}; pageTargeting.mtax = ['22366','11002','24259']; pageTargeting.w = Mntl.utilities.getW(); const initialSlots = []; initialSlots.push({ config: { id: 'textnote', sizes: [[1, 5]], type: 'textnote', rtb: false, timedRefresh: 0, waitForThirdParty: false }, targeting: Mntl.fnUtilities.deepExtend({}, { pos: 'textnote', priority: 4 }) }); const testIds = Mntl.GPT.getTestIds(); pageTargeting.ab = testIds; pageTargeting.bts = testIds; Mntl.utilities.onLoad(function() { Mntl.utilities.loadExternalJS({ src: '//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js', async: false }); }); const options = { domain: 'www.investopedia.com', templateName: 'reviewsc', isMobile: false, isTablet: false, isDesktop: true, dfpId: '3865', publisherProvidedId: 'b91a8211-b029-41e8-a237-66b98cdfd0d5', singleRequest: false, useLmdFormat: true, useOxygen: true, restrictLeaderboardFlex1HeightAndOverflow: false, prebidConfigApi: false, useInfiniteRightRail: true, fiftyPercentAdRefresh: true, waitForNextFramePaint: false, revenueGroupAllowList: '', lmdSiteCode: 'hlt', pageTargeting, baseSlotTargeting, adLazyOffset, geo: { isInEurope: false, isInUsa: false }, initialSlots, auctionFloors: {"billboard2":{"id":"2a1352bc553343e6b8a2d639113d40d4","floor":"15"},"other":{"id":"4f62ce02de7e4c018272d4cea5b9d9e5","floor":"50"},"billboard6":{"id":"3e7a1b23f01349f9afd345f0cf9353ec","floor":"5"},"billboard5":{"id":"2922e901e1a74eaaafe0531595a6c327","floor":"10"},"billboard4":{"id":"a11b45d7676a481ea34eb02446a1186a","floor":"10"},"billboard3":{"id":"38778c5ce3334e0d8c6a4dab47d0052e","floor":"15"},"billboard9":{"id":"d8ae71e96800492ca6089f4e6b4566b7","floor":"50"},"billboard8":{"id":"cca99dcf44f940ad93972282203f9420","floor":"75"},"billboardfooter2":{"id":"daaf994b65f448aa8bb6dc71ce843c6f","floor":"75"},"billboard7":{"id":"e877df23cb2e4ff3b92ecb3a8c40ff13","floor":"5"},"leaderboardac":{"id":"7e134adfa3b44b0b886efa93ce21a99f","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed":{"id":"d370962cc333482f98542fe907d0050a","floor":"75"},"billboardfooter":{"id":"3451f4ae37ea4baba04bfbc2f64dfdd3","floor":"75"},"leaderboardfooter2":{"id":"6d450f597b6043c1be4070c96365b05f","floor":"75"},"leaderboard-flex-1":{"id":"8c87aab9114342cdb5be074f27ec4fb6","floor":"10"},"leaderboard-flex-2":{"id":"a086080fb2fb4341b2ac0ebed19da297","floor":"5"},"square-flex-2":{"id":"a38656a0afc248c79ca2cd27c82508ae","floor":"5"},"square-flex-1":{"id":"d8732c567117457ba33dce23e8c9c16f","floor":"5"},"adhesive":{"id":"fae0fae68547496893da176568958a7a","floor":"20"},"square-fixed-4":{"id":"ebec1d2cd72a4e7382d769808fab3419","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-3":{"id":"74c57285352149ad8b9952fe6a55bb15","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-2":{"id":"74a7a43a63de4983bc0192525015dbc4","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-1":{"id":"9aa8e77855ed4e6f8f27e80ea93d7496","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-1":{"id":"e8a4265bb6ac4ab8b57ea95cf909b59b","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-2":{"id":"87c715294c0842378067d26c531adfc2","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-8":{"id":"54753852280240598ba4491b5276cbca","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-8":{"id":"58f835ff5850470c8da504eecac7b9aa","floor":"75"},"square-fixed-7":{"id":"ed594b7f63d04e92bf33d316b1913249","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-9":{"id":"4234079698164dc1a62beec65b7ae17b","floor":"75"},"square-fixed-6":{"id":"a69b652003fc4270b49ade6539ea0d86","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter-flex-2":{"id":"2e32ddc857e042a088508af2628495d5","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-5":{"id":"09124c718ccc42f8a78f0cc8e9b43a25","floor":"75"},"square-fixed-5":{"id":"48e3fb8523844fbeba39a80660c20c66","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter-flex-1":{"id":"19767d9ad92346dd8d5d1327646c86c2","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-6":{"id":"5723044025a74985955286f4db25ebec","floor":"75"},"billboard":{"id":"d0ed1ebf0bc941dcb02efb1b7943e427","floor":"20"},"leaderboard":{"id":"c183392fef4f465180919608c237c5eb","floor":"270"},"inline":{"id":"637269a761964419bdb190e09a8d2722","floor":"5"},"square-fixed":{"id":"3de594ac1adc455cb6b1b16338fe4132","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter":{"id":"4393e5aeaecb4ad0817d7918435dfb9e","floor":"75"},"dynamic-inline":{"id":"dc3b82e2e1ea46c7a83f0aecd9514698","floor":"75"},"square-fixed-9":{"id":"fd10b455f4e54298918eb57030f68470","floor":"5"},"billboard10":{"id":"063a1849aea24bb08e34f58f26e091e7","floor":"50"},"mob-adhesive-banner-fixed":{"id":"d45c9fb435b545d6a0e61c459076ea8c","floor":"5"},"billboard11":{"id":"60ddb5a5641f401ab68fda6d16f85725","floor":"50"}}, utils: { collapseAd: Finance.GPT.collapseAd, generateSlotId: Finance.GPT.generateSlotId, buildGptUrl: Finance.GPT.buildGptUrl }, displayOnScroll: false, displayOnConsent: true, adsToCollapse: ['leaderboard*','square*'] }; if (Mntl.AdMetrics) { Mntl.AdMetrics.init("4587904", "n6110456028b140eabd61a16cca22456b16", initialSlots.map(slot => slot.config.id), Date.now()); } else { Mntl.AdMetrics = { pushMetrics: () => {} }; } Mntl.GPT.setMantleDependencies(mantleDependencies); Mntl.GPT.init(options); }());window.addEventListener('readyForThirdPartyTracking', () => { // Set a delay for loading the script // Specify the delay duration in pushly.xml const delay = '8'; window.setTimeout(() => { Mntl.utilities.loadExternalJS({ src: 'https://cdn.p-n.io/pushly-sdk.min.js?domain_key=vpyGZqyitQiHrR9lezhxmEYqRqsavIpXvOBd', async: true }); window.PushlySDK = window.PushlySDK || []; // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-rest-params function pushly() { window.PushlySDK.push(arguments); } pushly('load', { domainKey: 'vpyGZqyitQiHrR9lezhxmEYqRqsavIpXvOBd', sw: '/pushly-sdk-worker.js' }); }, parseFloat(delay) * 1000); }); window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; Mntl.RTB = Mntl.RTB || {}; Mntl.RTB.setUseConsentManagement(false); Mntl.RTB.setUseLiveRamp(true); Mntl.RTB.setUseLiveIntentSignedInUser(true); Mntl.RTB.setUseGDPREnforcement(false); Mntl.RTB.setUseCommerceAndShoppingAPSTag(false); Mntl.RTB.setUseAmazonNcaHookTest(false); Mntl.RTB.setUserIdAuctionDelay(400); Mntl.RTB.setTaxonomyStampValues({"tax1":"inv_investing","tax2":"inv_brokers","tax0":"inv_root","tax3":"inv_stock-brokers"}); Mntl.RTB.setTimeoutLength([500,800]); Mntl.RTB.Plugins.amazon.amazonConfigs = {"mapTaxValues":{"tax1":"inv_investing","tax2":"inv_brokers","si_section":"inv_brokers","tax0":"inv_root","tax3":"inv_stock-brokers"},"amazonSlotName":false,"mapFBValues":{"adunitid":"mapFBID"},"amazonSection":"Stock Broker Reviews"}; Mntl.RTB.Plugins.prebid.setPriceGranularity({"buckets":[{"max":"20","increment":"0.05"},{"max":"70","increment":"1"}]}); Mntl.RTB.initVideoBidders([{ type: 'amazon', id: '3222' }, { type: 'prebid', id: 'true' } ]); Mntl.RTB.initDisplayAndOutstreamBidders([{ type: "amazon", id: '3222'},{ type: "msg", id: 'true'},{ type: "prebid", id: 'true'},{ type: "liveConnect", id: 'b-01g4'}]); Mntl.RTB.Plugins.prebid.setConfig({"square-fixed\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2441550,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482578,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4514936","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"Investopedia_square-fixed_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561323694","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830230","type":"display"}}],"leaderboard-fixed\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2441540,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482573,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515382","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"Investopedia_leaderboard-fixed_728x90_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561323682","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830222","type":"display"}}],"square-fixed-replies\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3601124,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":34330355,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"6389403","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"investopedia_square-fixed-replies_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561381940","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1146750","type":"display"}}],"preroll":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"type":"instream","supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"type":"instream","networkId":7764}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"type":"instream","zoneId":2441560,"accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"type":"instream","placementId":25482583}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"type":"instream","adSlot":"4514941","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"type":"instream","unit":"561365550","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"type":"instream","siteId":"830237"}}],"square-flex\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2441558,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482582,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4514940","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"Investopedia_square-flex_300x600_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561323700","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830242","type":"display"}}],"square-fixed-comments\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3546438,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":34080807,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"6234480","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"investopedia_square-fixed-comments_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561323697","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1137114","type":"display"}}],"global":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":7499,"siteId":426824,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","type":"display"}}],"leaderboardac\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2441548,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482577,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4514935","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"Investopedia_leaderboardac_728x90_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561323685","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830227","type":"display"}}],"leaderboardfooter-flex\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2441540,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482573,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4632052","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"Investopedia_leaderboardfooter-flex_970x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561323690","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830222","type":"display"}}],"leaderboard-flex\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2441548,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482577,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4514935","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"Investopedia_leaderboard-flex_970x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561323683","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830227","type":"display"}}]}); Mntl.RTB.Plugins.prebid.setSrc('/cache/eNqdls1u2zAMx19oQbC9QbalRYEFK_p1l0XGZSOLAkW58Z5-TLrttIOpk2Xh_yNlUiS9rRqU4nZiaAnrdmgZLs-3ui2CA4EtgKr-edtEFvy0XQuJwuGqWY8EKAwOeUr8votKMylhdYBadzmkxcR1B6Eoyno4cq6Y9RByGHGy1Xr0mBBGvGG5LQ4qCinyHTwuVXFazwEObRwpjw7kWHbwiDKjvBAgrydHKLLPR5bojAmF-qBwLzybQ0caTJ2VdPlB-eSPTaIZ77KaCT9bQijkkZN0OLm-faTiK4H7lhahiDeJWRx1UV-DIPgP2zIdqQusaLFxFG4pGc-t9kTko4x6SDp3ZaAN00XZw0obyPpMD6oKXZhQSZjoqD00F8xdQYqvLZ-cgyUKmnDGjWC2loGyse2SwuI47_CGUW9bEM_l6x8ZU3F00qLPSslRtrGJhSIuXuwae2c3q_QLnX4awec9gY_44iNYdPjG2Zqlr0aHuj_bFKhkQ90xJnkKlH-aN7Ex9MQPzPr9urfexgmXdxbPN_5tfj1p9jSCkKvN8ek-SJjczoLiyLI8XawkYzgf7Nyun5Am6f9e_yn3Z4ztYvs3YB4exg.js'); Mntl.RTB.Plugins.prebid.setUserIdConfig({"liveIntentPublisherId":"77015"}); Mntl.RTB.AdConfigs = Mntl.RTB.AdConfigs || {}; Mntl.RTB.AdConfigs.rawConfig = {"slots":{"leaderboardac\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2441548,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482577,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4514935","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"Investopedia_leaderboardac_728x90_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561323685","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830227","type":"display"}}]},"leaderboard-fixed\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2441540,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482573,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515382","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"Investopedia_leaderboard-fixed_728x90_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561323682","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830222","type":"display"}}]},"leaderboard-flex\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2441548,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482577,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4514935","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"Investopedia_leaderboard-flex_970x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561323683","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830227","type":"display"}}]},"leaderboardfooter-flex\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2441540,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482573,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4632052","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"Investopedia_leaderboardfooter-flex_970x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561323690","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830222","type":"display"}}]},"preroll":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"type":"instream","supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"type":"instream","networkId":7764}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"type":"instream","zoneId":2441560,"accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"type":"instream","placementId":25482583}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"type":"instream","adSlot":"4514941","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"type":"instream","unit":"561365550","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"type":"instream","siteId":"830237"}}]},"square-fixed\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2441550,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482578,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4514936","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"Investopedia_square-fixed_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561323694","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830230","type":"display"}}]},"square-flex\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2441558,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482582,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4514940","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"Investopedia_square-flex_300x600_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561323700","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830242","type":"display"}}]},"square-fixed-comments\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3546438,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":34080807,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"6234480","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"investopedia_square-fixed-comments_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561323697","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1137114","type":"display"}}]},"square-fixed-replies\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3601124,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426824}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":34330355,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"6389403","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"investopedia_square-fixed-replies_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561381940","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1146750","type":"display"}}]}},"default":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":7499,"siteId":426824,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","type":"display"}}],"prebidModules":["prebid-core.js","rtdModule.js","adpod.js","allowActivities.js","atsAnalyticsAdapter.js","consentManagement.js","fledgeForGpt.js","criteoIdSystem.js","debugging.js","dfpAdServerVideo.js","gdprEnforcement.js","iasRtdProvider.js","identityLinkIdSystem.js","liveIntentIdSystem.js","paapi.js","pairIdSystem.js","prebidServerBidAdapter.js","priceFloors.js","sharedIdSystem.js","unifiedIdSystem.js","userId.js","appnexusBidAdapter.js","criteoBidAdapter.js","ixBidAdapter.js","pubmaticBidAdapter.js","rubiconBidAdapter.js","ttdBidAdapter.js","tripleliftBidAdapter.js","openxBidAdapter.js"]},"ab":[]}; console.log('✅ Libra is loaded!'); Mntl.RTB.setLatencyBuffer(0); window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; // moved from gtm.ftl so we can initialize GTM only onLoad. From https://support.google.com/tagmanager/answer/6103696?hl=en Mntl.utilities.onLoad(function() { (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;defer=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type="text/javascript";f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f)})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5P3SZGS'); }); window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'ab-proctor', 'abTests-proctor': { "99-0" : "useOxygen | useOxygen | use the Oxygenated ad unit format and slot names | 1" , "99-1" : "vanillaJSLazyAdRecipeSC | active | vanillaLazyAd.js enabled | 1" , "99-2" : "userIdAuctionDelay | ldd | legacy Dotdash domains | 2" , "99-3" : "useFloorSearch | active | Use Floor Search | 1" , "99-4" : "bankingtableRedesign | redesign | Redesign | 1" , "99-5" : "fiftyPercentAdRefresh | active | Ads refresh when 50% in view | 1" , "99-6" : "continuousScrollMobSquareFlexOffset | active | Adds offset to mob-square-fixed-1 ad on CS articles | 1" , "99-7" : "recipescDesktopAdRefresh | active | active, right rail ads timed refresh active | 1" , "99-8" : "gamVideoUsePlcmt | active | Pass plcmt | 1" , "99-9" : "midContentBrokerTable | test | Test | 1" , "62" : "updatedToc | control | legacy ToC | 0" , "99-11" : "liveIntentConnectedIdTest | control | LiveIntent ConnectedID is enabled | 0" , "99-12" : "prebidConfigApi | active | Ad Config API is enabled | 1" , "99-13" : "useDynamicVideoSizes | active | active | 1" , "99-14" : "hotjarTools | addHotJarTools | addHotJarTools. Hot jar tools added | 1" , "99-15" : "prebidVideoUsePlcmt | active | Pass plcmt | 1" , "99-16" : "useLiveIntentSignedInUser | active | active | 1" , "55" : "relatedArticlesAlgorithm | useRecommendationService | Enables usage of proximity API | 1" , "99-18" : "removeAdTiers | active | active | 1" , "99-19" : "useLiveRamp | active | active | 1" , "99-20" : "investopediaAnniversary | control | control | 0" } }); window.dataLayer.push({ envData: { environment: { environment: "k8s-prod", application: "finance", dataCenter: "us-west-1" }, server: { version: "2.168.0", title: "finance-launcher" }, client : { browserUA: navigator.userAgent, serverUA: "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506; .NET CLR 3.5.21022; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)", deviceType: "pc", usStateCode: "" }, mantle: "4.0.743", commerce: "" } }); (function(fnUtils, CMP) { const deferLoadTime = 5000; const readyForThirdPartyTrackingEvent = new CustomEvent('readyForThirdPartyTracking', { bubbles: true }); const readyForThirdPartyTracking = fnUtils.once(function() { window.dataLayer.push({event: 'readyForThirdPartyTracking'}); window.dispatchEvent(readyForThirdPartyTrackingEvent); }); const readyForDeferredScriptsEvent = new CustomEvent('readyForDeferredScripts', { bubbles: true }); const readyForDeferredScripts = fnUtils.once(function() { window.dataLayer.push({event: 'readyForDeferredScripts'}); window.dispatchEvent(readyForDeferredScriptsEvent); }); const hasTargetingConsentHandler = function() { const hasConsent = CMP.hasTargetingConsent(); if (hasConsent) { readyForThirdPartyTracking(); } // Trigger the readyForDeferredScripts if consent is given // or if the user has closed the banner(AlertBox) which exists for EU // or if the user optin consent is not required, which applies for non gdpr locations if (hasConsent || CMP.isAlertBoxClosed() || !CMP.isOptInConsent()) { readyForDeferredScripts(); } return hasConsent; }; const purposeOneConsentHandler = async function() { const hasPurposeOneConsent = await CMP.hasPurposeOneConsent(); if (hasPurposeOneConsent) { readyForThirdPartyTracking(); } if (hasPurposeOneConsent || CMP.isAlertBoxClosed()) { readyForDeferredScripts(); } return hasPurposeOneConsent; }; const onRequiredDomEvent = fnUtils.once(function() { if (!CMP) { readyForThirdPartyTracking(); readyForDeferredScripts(); return; } const handler = CMP.supportsTCData() ? purposeOneConsentHandler : hasTargetingConsentHandler; if (!CMP.isLoading()) { handler(); } CMP.onConsentChange(handler); }); [ ['adRendered', onRequiredDomEvent], ['beforeunload', onRequiredDomEvent], ['load', function() { setTimeout(onRequiredDomEvent, deferLoadTime); }] ].forEach(function(event) { window.addEventListener(event[0], event[1], { once: true }); }); })(Mntl.fnUtilities || {}, Mntl.CMP);window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; (function() { var isContinuousScroll = document.querySelector('.mntl-continuous-scroll'); var pageViewDataAsJSON = {"country":"HK","templateName":"REVIEWSC","description":"Learn how Interactive Brokers compares to other brokers and how its options analysis and trading capabilities have been bolstered recently in our objective review.","title":"Interactive Brokers Review " || document.title || '',"authorId":"213364","contentGroup":"Other","revenueGroup":"PERFORMANCEMARKETING","documentId":4587904,"viewType":"","authorNames":"Andrew Grossman","templateId":"130","muid":"b91a8211-b029-41e8-a237-66b98cdfd0d5","lastEditingAuthorId":"246610","lastEditingUserId":"160435217120077","fullUrl":"https://www.investopedia.com/interactive-brokers-review-4587904" + location.hash,"experienceType":"single page","entryType":"direct","excludeFromComscore":false,"internalSessionId":"n6110456028b140eabd61a16cca22456b16","internalRequestId":"n6110456028b140eabd61a16cca22456b16","hid":"","experienceTypeName":"","recircDocIdsFooter":"","euTrafficFlag":false,"isGoogleBot":false,"mantleVersion":"4.0.743","commerceVersion":"","primaryTaxonomyIds":"4173514|4427685|4689772|4689770","primaryTaxonomyNames":"Investopedia|Investing|Brokers|Stock Broker Reviews"}; var scrolledPageData = {}; var scrolledDocOrdinal; var scrolledPage; pageViewDataAsJSON.breakpointName = Finance.utilities.getW(); pageViewDataAsJSON.bounceExchangeId = 2320; pageViewDataAsJSON.descriptiveTaxonomy = '33302,32653,32650,16442,32959,33295,22366,11002,32779,24259,33308,33316'; if (isContinuousScroll) { pageViewDataAsJSON.experienceTypeName = 'continuous'; if (window.dataLayer && window.dataLayer.length) { //loop through events and collect previous scrolledDocOrdinal and scrolledPage values scrolledPageData = window.dataLayer.reduce( (acc, curr) => { if (curr.event == 'unifiedPageview') { acc.scrolledDocOrdinal = acc.scrolledDocOrdinal ? acc.scrolledDocOrdinal + 1 : 1; acc.scrolledPage = acc.scrolledPage ? acc.scrolledPage + " | " + (curr.documentId).toString() : (curr.documentId).toString(); } return acc; }, {}); } scrolledPage = scrolledPageData.scrolledPage ? scrolledPageData.scrolledPage + ' | ' + (pageViewDataAsJSON.documentId).toString() : (pageViewDataAsJSON.documentId).toString(); scrolledDocOrdinal = scrolledPageData.scrolledDocOrdinal ? scrolledPageData.scrolledDocOrdinal + 1 : 1; pageViewDataAsJSON.scrolledPage = scrolledPage; pageViewDataAsJSON.scrolledDocOrdinal = scrolledDocOrdinal; } Mntl.utilities.onLoad(function() { Mntl.PageView.init(pageViewDataAsJSON); }); })();</script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="60x60" href="/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="76x76" href="/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#F4F4F4"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/static/2.168.0/icons/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="/static/2.168.0/icons/favicons/mstile-70x70.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="/static/2.168.0/icons/favicons/mstile-150x150.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="/static/2.168.0/icons/favicons/mstile-310x310.png"> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="/static/2.168.0/icons/favicons/mstile-310x150.png"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/static/2.168.0/icons/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#00242D"> <div id="ie-notification-banner_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner mntl-block"><div id="ie-notification-banner__content_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__content mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><svg class="icon icon-alert ie-notification-banner__icon-alert" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-alert" href="#icon-alert"></use> </svg> <div id="ie-notification-banner__text-container_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__text-container mntl-block"><span id="ie-notification-banner__text--bold_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__text--bold mntl-text-block">Your web browser (Internet Explorer 7) is out of date. </span> <span id="ie-notification-banner__text_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__text mntl-text-block">Update your browser for more security, speed, and the best experience on this site.</span></div> <a href="https://www.google.com/chrome" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" id="ie-notification-banner__btn-update_1-0" class="ie-notification-banner__btn-update mntl-text-link ie-notification-banner__btn" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Update Browser</span></a> <button id="ie-notification-banner__btn-close_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__btn-close mntl-button ie-js-banner-dismiss ie-notification-banner__btn"> Ignore </button></div></div> <script id="schema-unified_1-0" class="comp schema-unified mntl-schema-unified" type="application/ld+json">[ { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": ["Review","Article"] ,"headline": "Interactive Brokers Review 2024" ,"datePublished": "2019-02-26T04:42:23.806-05:00" ,"dateModified": "2024-11-12T14:50:03.309-05:00" ,"author": [ {"@type": "Person" ,"name": "Andrew Grossman" ,"url": "https://www.investopedia.com/andrew-grossman-5202459" } ] ,"description": "Learn how Interactive Brokers compares to other brokers and how its options analysis and trading capabilities have been bolstered recently in our objective review." ,"publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Investopedia", "url": "https://www.investopedia.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/QfBehpNM1l3_gNG-oJMQnjdaJ6c=/260x60/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/investopedia-schema-logo-94b9fb2a18b04f4fa6eaad7bf95393e6.png", "width": 260, "height": 60 }, "brand": "Investopedia" , "publishingPrinciples": "https://www.investopedia.com/about-us" , "sameAs" : [ "https://twitter.com/investopedia", "https://www.facebook.com/Investopedia/", "https://www.youtube.com/user/investopediacom", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/investopedia-ulc", "https://www.instagram.com/investopedia/" ] } ,"citation": [ "Business Wire. &#34;<a href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240401390879/en/Interactive-Brokers-Group-Reports-Brokerage-Metrics-and-Other-Financial-Information-for-March-2024-includes-Reg.-NMS-Execution-Statistics" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">Interactive Brokers Group Reports Brokerage Metrics and Other Financial Information for March 2024 includes Reg. NMS Execution Statistics.</a>&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/accounts/institutions.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">The Professional&#39;s Gateway to the World&#39;s Markets</a>.&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/general/about/about.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">About the Interactive Brokers Group.</a>&#34;", "Intreractive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://investors.interactivebrokers.com/ir/main.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">IBKR Offers</a>.&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/smart_routing.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Dedicated to Best Price Execution</a>.&#34; ", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/trading-platforms.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Getting Started at IBKR.</a>&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/pricing/commissions-stocks.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Commissions</a>.&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://investors.interactivebrokers.com/en/general/about/mediaRelations/2-28-24.php" class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Interactive Brokers Unveils Next-Generation Trading Platform: IBKR Desktop</a>.&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/short-securities-availability.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Short Securities Available.</a>&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/products-options.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Powerful Tools for Advanced Options Trading Worldwide.</a>&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/products-stocks.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) and Exchange-Traded Products (ETPs)</a>.&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/lib/cstools/faq/#/content/23299042" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">How Do I Trade U.S. Penny Stocks?</a>&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/pricing/commissions-metals.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Commissions: Metals</a>.&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/products-mutual-funds.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">The Mutual Fund Marketplace: More Funds &#61; More Opportunities.</a>&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/products-spot-currencies.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Trade Global Currencies With Direct Access to Interbank Quotes</a>.&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/products-spot-currencies.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Trade Crypto for Less Coin.</a>&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/pricing/commissions-bonds.php?re&#61;amer" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Bonds.</a>&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://eventtrader.interactivebrokers.com/en/home.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Limit Your Risk With a Different Way to Trade Futures</a>.&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/accounts/non-professional-advisor.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Non-Professional Advisors</a>.&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/fif-tax-loss-harvesting.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Advisor Tools: Tax Loss Harvesting.</a>&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/?f&#61;%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Ftrading_technology.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Trading Platforms</a>.&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/margin-rates.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Margin Rates and Financing.</a>&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/accounts/fees/pricing-interest-rates.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Pricing: Interest Rates.</a>&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/pricing/commissions-home.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Commissions: Minimize Your Costs to Maximize Your Returns</a>.&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/pricing/research-news-services.php#free_tab" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Get Real-Time Access to Comprehensive Research, News, and Analysis</a>.&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.portfolioanalyst.com/en/about.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">PortfolioAnalyst</a>.&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/general/security-investor-protection.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Strength and Security: Client Protection.</a>&#34;", "Finance Feeds. &#34;<a href="https://financefeeds.com/finra-fines-interactive-brokers-3-5m-for-best-execution-violations/" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">FINRA Fines Interactive Brokers $3.5M for Best Execution Violations</a>.&#34;", "CT Insider. &#34;<a href="https://www.ctinsider.com/business/article/greenwich-interactive-brokers-settlements-cftc-sec-18402728.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">Greenwich-Based Interactive Brokers to Pay $55 Million to Settle SEC and CFTC Charges</a>.&#34;", "FINRA. &#34;<a href="https://www.finra.org/media-center/newsreleases/2020/finra-fines-interactive-brokers-15-million-widespread-aml-failures" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">FINRA Fines Interactive Brokers $15 Million for Widespread AML Failures</a>.&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/accounts/account-guide.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Guide to Choosing the Right Account.</a>&#34;", "Interactive Brokers. &#34;<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/ira-information.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">IRA Account Information.</a>&#34;" ] ,"itemReviewed": { "@type": "Product" ,"name": "Interactive Brokers" ,"url": "https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia102a&url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php" ,"image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/t1uK6QDWFJiuhWtYwXPcb2Mn2aw=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/interactive_brokers_productcard-5c61eec746e0fb0001f25462.png" } ,"review": { "author": [ {"@type": "Person" ,"name": "Andrew Grossman" ,"url": "https://www.investopedia.com/andrew-grossman-5202459" } ] } } ,"reviewRating": { "@type": "Rating" ,"ratingValue": "4.7" } ,"mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": ["WebPage"] ,"@id": "https://www.investopedia.com/interactive-brokers-review-4587904" ,"breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@id": "https://www.investopedia.com/brokers-4689772", "name": "Brokers" } } , { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "item": { "@id": "https://www.investopedia.com/stock-brokers-4689770", "name": "Stock Broker Reviews" } } ] },"reviewedBy": [ {"@type": "Person" ,"name": "Hans Daniel Jasperson" ,"url": "https://www.investopedia.com/hans-jasperson-5078523" } , {"@type": "Person" ,"name": "Thomas J. Catalano" ,"url": "https://www.investopedia.com/thomas-j-catalano-4800330" } ] ,"lastReviewed": "2024-11-12T14:50:03.309-05:00"} } ]</script> </head><body> <!-- resourcesvgftl --> <svg class="mntl-svg-resource is-hidden"> <defs> <symbol id="icon-alert"> <svg width="30" height="29" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M13.2522 4.38081C14.077 2.92054 16.1389 2.92054 16.9637 4.38081L26.7065 21.6302C27.5313 23.0905 26.5003 24.9158 24.8507 24.9158H5.36517C3.7156 24.9158 2.68462 23.0905 3.5094 21.6302L13.2522 4.38081Z" fill="#fff"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M19.6063 2.76459L29.2795 20.1815C31.3267 23.8676 28.7677 28.4753 24.6732 28.4753H5.32681C1.23233 28.4753 -1.32671 23.8676 0.720529 20.1815L10.3937 2.76459C12.441 -0.921533 17.559 -0.921526 19.6063 2.76459ZM16.8425 4.42334C16.0236 2.94889 13.9764 2.94889 13.1575 4.42334L3.4843 21.8402C2.6654 23.3147 3.68902 25.1577 5.32681 25.1577H24.6732C26.311 25.1577 27.3346 23.3147 26.5157 21.8402L16.8425 4.42334Z" fill="#C00"/><path d="M13.8863 18.8426L12.8572 11.2V7.66641H17.1429V11.2L16.1279 18.8426H13.8863ZM13.0264 22.9992V20.1106H16.9878V22.9992H13.0264Z" fill="#222"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-menu"> <svg viewBox="0 0 22 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="#444" d="M0 0H22V2.5H0zM0 7.75H22V10.25H0zM0 15.5H22V18H0z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-close"> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16 1.61143L14.3886 0L8 6.38857L1.61143 0L0 1.61143L6.38857 8L0 14.3886L1.61143 16L8 9.61143L14.3886 16L16 14.3886L9.61143 8L16 1.61143Z" fill="#000" fill-opacity=".65"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="inv-logo-header"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 574.04 89.64"><path fill="#323a56" d="M33.6 24.8l6.33 4-2.42 22.87L71.57 30.9a36 36 0 1 0-70.5 13.77z"/><path fill="#323a56" d="M34.64 63.21l-6.33-4 2.42-22.86L4.09 52.61a36 36 0 0 0 67.53-12z"/><circle fill="#f64e00" cx="37.81" cy="16.42" r="5.09"/><path fill="#201d1e" d="M89.9 69l8.94-.13V5.69l-8.94.13V69zM132.66 25.1c-4 0-10.81 1.78-13.83 6.61V26h-8.44v43h8.44V45.73c0-8.48 6.4-12.28 12.74-12.28 6 0 10 4.5 10 11.19V69H150V44.19c0-6.11-1.68-11.11-5-14.45-3-3.04-7.27-4.64-12.34-4.64zM175.38 57.94l-12.91-31.93h-9.03L171.3 69h8.08l17.95-42.99h-9.12l-12.83 31.93zM332.89 25.1c-13 0-22.45 9.36-22.45 22.27s9.66 22.54 22.45 22.54a22 22 0 0 0 22.55-22.54c0-12.91-9.44-22.27-22.55-22.27zm0 36.83C325 61.93 319 55.67 319 47.37c0-8.15 6-14.29 13.92-14.29A13.89 13.89 0 0 1 347 47.37c0 8.3-6.07 14.56-14.11 14.56zM384.58 25.1c-6.23 0-11.93 2.71-14.83 7V26h-8.44v63.64h8.44V63c2.88 4.33 8.37 6.88 14.92 6.88 12.43 0 21.45-9.4 21.45-22.36s-9.06-22.42-21.54-22.42zm-.73 36.83a14.06 14.06 0 0 1-14.1-14.29c0-8.3 6.06-14.56 14.1-14.56 7.71 0 13.74 6.4 13.74 14.56s-5.91 14.29-13.74 14.29zM494.15 32c-2.88-4.33-8.37-6.88-14.92-6.88-12.43 0-21.45 9.4-21.45 22.36s9.06 22.45 21.54 22.45c6.23 0 11.93-2.71 14.83-7V69h8.44V2.82h-8.44zM480 61.93c-7.66 0-13.65-6.4-13.65-14.56s5.83-14.29 13.65-14.29a14.1 14.1 0 0 1 14.19 14.29c-.04 7.06-5.01 14.56-14.19 14.56zM513.27 26.01h8.44V69h-8.44zM573.33 26h-8.44v5c-3-3.74-8.17-5.92-14.21-5.92H550c-12.43 0-21.45 9.4-21.45 22.36s9.06 22.45 21.54 22.45h.71c5.75 0 11.06-2.32 14.12-6V69H574V26zm-22.27 35.9c-7.49-.2-13.3-6.5-13.3-14.54s5.7-14.09 13.3-14.27a14.08 14.08 0 0 1 13.83 14.27c0 6.97-4.89 14.35-13.83 14.55zM262.32 42.72c-4.41-1.13-7.53-2.14-7.53-4.89 0-3.09 3.12-5.25 7.6-5.25a14.82 14.82 0 0 1 8.93 3.22l.21.16 4.53-6.28-.2-.16a21.88 21.88 0 0 0-14-4.61c-7.61 0-15.8 4.19-15.8 13.37 0 6.4 5.34 9.52 9.81 11 1.5.5 3 .89 4.52 1.27 4.67 1.2 8.71 2.24 8.71 5.88 0 2.55-2.57 5.25-7.33 5.25a20.55 20.55 0 0 1-12.36-4.57l-.22-.16-4.52 6.46.19.15a26.74 26.74 0 0 0 17.1 5.79c7.7 0 15.89-4.59 15.89-13.1S270 44.69 262.32 42.72zM452.29 46.77C452.29 33.94 444 25 432 25c-12.13 0-20.93 9.17-20.93 21.79a22.64 22.64 0 0 0 6.41 16.4 20 20 0 0 0 14.13 5.67h.4c7.43-.13 12.28-1.36 18.17-7.72l.18-.19-5.85-5.57-.18.2A15.42 15.42 0 0 1 432.3 61c-6.52 0-11.66-4.78-12.87-11.93L452 49h.24v-.24a7.17 7.17 0 0 0 0-1.17c.06-.16.05-.38.05-.82zm-31.57-4.34c1.11-6.21 5.18-9.63 11.49-9.63 6.11 0 10.27 3.59 11.19 9.63zM240 46.77C240 33.94 231.65 25 219.73 25c-12.13 0-20.93 9.17-20.93 21.79a22.64 22.64 0 0 0 6.41 16.4 20 20 0 0 0 14.13 5.67h.39c7.44-.13 12.29-1.36 18.18-7.72l.18-.19-5.85-5.57-.18.2A15.42 15.42 0 0 1 220 61c-6.53 0-11.66-4.78-12.87-11.93l32.56-.07h.25v-.24a8.65 8.65 0 0 0 0-1.17c.06-.16.06-.38.06-.82zm-31.6-4.34c1.12-6.21 5.19-9.63 11.5-9.63 6.11 0 10.27 3.59 11.19 9.63zM305.5 60.07a12.75 12.75 0 0 1-3.56.43 7 7 0 0 1-5.23-2c-.92-1.08-1.11-2.74-1.11-4.89V33.35h12V26h-12V12.08h-8.45V26h-4.64v7.35h4.64v19.82c0 4.77 1.06 8.28 3.24 10.72a14.46 14.46 0 0 0 11.31 4.74 21.82 21.82 0 0 0 6.27-.86l.25-.08-2.47-7.69zM517.49 5.41a5.39 5.39 0 0 0-5.4 5.49 5.32 5.32 0 0 0 5.4 5.4 5.39 5.39 0 0 0 5.51-5.4 5.47 5.47 0 0 0-5.51-5.49z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-account"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M2 12C2 17.52 6.48 22 12 22C17.52 22 22 17.52 22 12C22 6.48 17.52 2 12 2C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12ZM12 5C13.66 5 15 6.34 15 8C15 9.66 13.66 11 12 11C10.34 11 9 9.66 9 8C9 6.34 10.34 5 12 5ZM12 19.2C9.5 19.2 7.29 17.92 6 15.98C6.03 13.99 10 12.9 12 12.9C13.99 12.9 17.97 13.99 18 15.98C16.71 17.92 14.5 19.2 12 19.2Z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-caret_down"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 10L12 14L16 10H8Z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-search"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M14.2939 12.5786H13.3905L13.0703 12.2699C14.191 10.9663 14.8656 9.27387 14.8656 7.43282C14.8656 3.32762 11.538 0 7.43282 0C3.32762 0 0 3.32762 0 7.43282C0 11.538 3.32762 14.8656 7.43282 14.8656C9.27387 14.8656 10.9663 14.191 12.2699 13.0703L12.5786 13.3905V14.2939L18.2962 20L20 18.2962L14.2939 12.5786ZM7.43288 12.5786C4.58554 12.5786 2.28708 10.2802 2.28708 7.43282C2.28708 4.58548 4.58554 2.28702 7.43288 2.28702C10.2802 2.28702 12.5787 4.58548 12.5787 7.43282C12.5787 10.2802 10.2802 12.5786 7.43288 12.5786Z" fill="#444"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-info"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 2C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12C2 17.52 6.48 22 12 22C17.52 22 22 17.52 22 12C22 6.48 17.52 2 12 2ZM13 17H11V11H13V17ZM13 9H11V7H13V9Z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-chevron_right"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10 6L8.59003 7.41L13.17 12L8.59003 16.59L10 18L16 12L10 6Z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-arrow_left"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M15.41 7.41L14 6L8 12L14 18L15.41 16.59L10.83 12L15.41 7.41Z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-facebook"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 112 215.6"><path d="M72.7,215.6v-98.4h33l4.9-38.3h-38V54.5c0-11.1,3.1-18.7,19-18.7l20.3,0V1.5C108.5,1,96.4,0,82.4,0C53.1,0,33.1,17.9,33.1,50.7v28.3H0v38.3h33.1v98.4H72.7z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-instagram"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 105.72 105.72"><path d="M52.86 9.52c14.11 0 15.78.06 21.36.31A29.44 29.44 0 0 1 84 11.65a16.39 16.39 0 0 1 6.08 4 16.29 16.29 0 0 1 4 6.07 29.06 29.06 0 0 1 1.82 9.82c.26 5.57.31 7.24.31 21.36s0 15.78-.31 21.36A28.93 28.93 0 0 1 94.06 84a17.45 17.45 0 0 1-10 10 28.93 28.93 0 0 1-9.81 1.82c-5.58.26-7.25.31-21.36.31s-15.79 0-21.36-.31A29.06 29.06 0 0 1 21.71 94a16.29 16.29 0 0 1-6.07-4 16.39 16.39 0 0 1-4-6.08 29.44 29.44 0 0 1-1.82-9.81c-.25-5.58-.31-7.25-.31-21.36s.06-15.79.31-21.36a29.58 29.58 0 0 1 1.82-9.82 16.43 16.43 0 0 1 4-6.07 16.43 16.43 0 0 1 6.07-4 29.58 29.58 0 0 1 9.79-1.67c5.57-.25 7.24-.31 21.36-.31m0-9.52C38.5 0 36.7.06 31.06.32a38.89 38.89 0 0 0-12.83 2.45 26.08 26.08 0 0 0-9.36 6.1 26.08 26.08 0 0 0-6.1 9.36A38.89 38.89 0 0 0 .32 31.06C.06 36.7 0 38.5 0 52.86S.06 69 .32 74.65a38.78 38.78 0 0 0 2.45 12.83 25.91 25.91 0 0 0 6.1 9.36 25.94 25.94 0 0 0 9.36 6.1 38.86 38.86 0 0 0 12.83 2.46c5.64.26 7.44.32 21.8.32s16.15-.06 21.79-.32a38.75 38.75 0 0 0 12.83-2.46 27.07 27.07 0 0 0 15.46-15.46 38.75 38.75 0 0 0 2.46-12.83c.26-5.64.32-7.44.32-21.79s-.06-16.16-.32-21.8a38.86 38.86 0 0 0-2.46-12.83 25.94 25.94 0 0 0-6.1-9.36 25.91 25.91 0 0 0-9.36-6.1A38.78 38.78 0 0 0 74.65.32C69 .06 67.21 0 52.86 0z"/><path d="M52.86 25.71A27.15 27.15 0 1 0 80 52.86a27.16 27.16 0 0 0-27.14-27.15zm0 44.77a17.62 17.62 0 1 1 17.62-17.62 17.62 17.62 0 0 1-17.62 17.62z"/><circle cx="81.07" cy="24.64" r="6.34"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-x"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M11.6468 8.4686L18.9321 0H17.2057L10.8799 7.3532L5.82741 0H0L7.6403 11.1193L0 20H1.72649L8.4068 12.2348L13.7425 20H19.57L11.6468 8.4686ZM9.2821 11.2173L8.508 10.1101L2.34857 1.29968H5.00037L9.9711 8.4099L10.7452 9.5172L17.2066 18.7594H14.5548L9.2821 11.2173Z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-youtube"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 121.48 85.04"><path d="M119,13.28 C117.57898,8.03022216 113.466321,3.93662094 108.21,2.54 C98.73,0 60.74,0 60.74,0 C60.74,0 22.74,0 13.28,2.54 C8.0407921,3.94839145 3.94839145,8.0407921 2.54,13.28 C0,22.75 0,42.52 0,42.52 C0,42.52 0,62.29 2.54,71.76 C3.94839145,76.9992079 8.0407921,81.0916085 13.28,82.5 C22.75,85 60.74,85 60.74,85 C60.74,85 98.74,85 108.21,82.46 C113.456198,81.0705464 117.566654,76.9943761 119,71.76 C121.53,62.29 121.53,42.52 121.53,42.52 C121.53,42.52 121.48,22.75 119,13.28 Z M48.59,60.74 L48.59,24.3 L80.16,42.52 L48.59,60.74 Z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-tiktok"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M17.0634 7.91366C16.9238 7.92733 16.7842 7.93463 16.6446 7.93569C15.1122 7.93569 13.6827 7.14176 12.842 5.82307V13.0167C12.842 15.9525 10.527 18.3333 7.66999 18.3333C4.81295 18.3333 2.5 15.9525 2.5 13.0167C2.5 10.0807 4.81498 7.69999 7.67203 7.69999C7.78004 7.69999 7.886 7.71047 7.99197 7.71677V10.3363C7.886 10.3237 7.78106 10.3028 7.67203 10.3028C6.21396 10.3028 5.03303 11.5178 5.03303 13.0156C5.03303 14.5144 6.21498 15.7284 7.67203 15.7284C9.13011 15.7284 10.418 14.5479 10.418 13.0491L10.4435 0.833252H12.8818C13.112 3.08098 14.8748 4.83642 17.0675 5.00086V7.91267"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="inv-logo-inverted"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 574.04 89.64"><path fill="#c5dcff" d="M33.6 24.8l6.33 4-2.42 22.87L71.57 30.9a36 36 0 1 0-70.5 13.77z"/><path fill="#c5dcff" d="M34.64 63.21l-6.33-4 2.42-22.86L4.09 52.61a36 36 0 0 0 67.53-12z"/><circle fill="#323a56" cx="37.81" cy="16.42" r="5.09"/><path fill="#fff" d="M89.9 69l8.94-.13V5.69l-8.94.13V69zM132.66 25.1c-4 0-10.81 1.78-13.83 6.61V26h-8.44v43h8.44V45.73c0-8.48 6.4-12.28 12.74-12.28 6 0 10 4.5 10 11.19V69H150V44.19c0-6.11-1.68-11.11-5-14.45-3-3.04-7.27-4.64-12.34-4.64zM175.38 57.94l-12.91-31.93h-9.03L171.3 69h8.08l17.95-42.99h-9.12l-12.83 31.93zM332.89 25.1c-13 0-22.45 9.36-22.45 22.27s9.66 22.54 22.45 22.54a22 22 0 0 0 22.55-22.54c0-12.91-9.44-22.27-22.55-22.27zm0 36.83C325 61.93 319 55.67 319 47.37c0-8.15 6-14.29 13.92-14.29A13.89 13.89 0 0 1 347 47.37c0 8.3-6.07 14.56-14.11 14.56zM384.58 25.1c-6.23 0-11.93 2.71-14.83 7V26h-8.44v63.64h8.44V63c2.88 4.33 8.37 6.88 14.92 6.88 12.43 0 21.45-9.4 21.45-22.36s-9.06-22.42-21.54-22.42zm-.73 36.83a14.06 14.06 0 0 1-14.1-14.29c0-8.3 6.06-14.56 14.1-14.56 7.71 0 13.74 6.4 13.74 14.56s-5.91 14.29-13.74 14.29zM494.15 32c-2.88-4.33-8.37-6.88-14.92-6.88-12.43 0-21.45 9.4-21.45 22.36s9.06 22.45 21.54 22.45c6.23 0 11.93-2.71 14.83-7V69h8.44V2.82h-8.44zM480 61.93c-7.66 0-13.65-6.4-13.65-14.56s5.83-14.29 13.65-14.29a14.1 14.1 0 0 1 14.19 14.29c-.04 7.06-5.01 14.56-14.19 14.56zM513.27 26.01h8.44V69h-8.44zM573.33 26h-8.44v5c-3-3.74-8.17-5.92-14.21-5.92H550c-12.43 0-21.45 9.4-21.45 22.36s9.06 22.45 21.54 22.45h.71c5.75 0 11.06-2.32 14.12-6V69H574V26zm-22.27 35.9c-7.49-.2-13.3-6.5-13.3-14.54s5.7-14.09 13.3-14.27a14.08 14.08 0 0 1 13.83 14.27c0 6.97-4.89 14.35-13.83 14.55zM262.32 42.72c-4.41-1.13-7.53-2.14-7.53-4.89 0-3.09 3.12-5.25 7.6-5.25a14.82 14.82 0 0 1 8.93 3.22l.21.16 4.53-6.28-.2-.16a21.88 21.88 0 0 0-14-4.61c-7.61 0-15.8 4.19-15.8 13.37 0 6.4 5.34 9.52 9.81 11 1.5.5 3 .89 4.52 1.27 4.67 1.2 8.71 2.24 8.71 5.88 0 2.55-2.57 5.25-7.33 5.25a20.55 20.55 0 0 1-12.36-4.57l-.22-.16-4.52 6.46.19.15a26.74 26.74 0 0 0 17.1 5.79c7.7 0 15.89-4.59 15.89-13.1S270 44.69 262.32 42.72zM452.29 46.77C452.29 33.94 444 25 432 25c-12.13 0-20.93 9.17-20.93 21.79a22.64 22.64 0 0 0 6.41 16.4 20 20 0 0 0 14.13 5.67h.4c7.43-.13 12.28-1.36 18.17-7.72l.18-.19-5.85-5.57-.18.2A15.42 15.42 0 0 1 432.3 61c-6.52 0-11.66-4.78-12.87-11.93L452 49h.24v-.24a7.17 7.17 0 0 0 0-1.17c.06-.16.05-.38.05-.82zm-31.57-4.34c1.11-6.21 5.18-9.63 11.49-9.63 6.11 0 10.27 3.59 11.19 9.63zM240 46.77C240 33.94 231.65 25 219.73 25c-12.13 0-20.93 9.17-20.93 21.79a22.64 22.64 0 0 0 6.41 16.4 20 20 0 0 0 14.13 5.67h.39c7.44-.13 12.29-1.36 18.18-7.72l.18-.19-5.85-5.57-.18.2A15.42 15.42 0 0 1 220 61c-6.53 0-11.66-4.78-12.87-11.93l32.56-.07h.25v-.24a8.65 8.65 0 0 0 0-1.17c.06-.16.06-.38.06-.82zm-31.6-4.34c1.12-6.21 5.19-9.63 11.5-9.63 6.11 0 10.27 3.59 11.19 9.63zM305.5 60.07a12.75 12.75 0 0 1-3.56.43 7 7 0 0 1-5.23-2c-.92-1.08-1.11-2.74-1.11-4.89V33.35h12V26h-12V12.08h-8.45V26h-4.64v7.35h4.64v19.82c0 4.77 1.06 8.28 3.24 10.72a14.46 14.46 0 0 0 11.31 4.74 21.82 21.82 0 0 0 6.27-.86l.25-.08-2.47-7.69zM517.49 5.41a5.39 5.39 0 0 0-5.4 5.49 5.32 5.32 0 0 0 5.4 5.4 5.39 5.39 0 0 0 5.51-5.4 5.47 5.47 0 0 0-5.51-5.49z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-pinterest"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 166 205.4"><path d="M85.9,0C29.8,0,0,36.1,0,75.4c0,18.3,10.1,41,26.4,48.2c2.5,1.1,3.8,0.6,4.3-1.7c0.4-1.7,2.6-10.2,3.6-14.1c0.3-1.3,0.2-2.3-0.9-3.6c-5.4-6.2-9.6-17.7-9.6-28.4c0-27.5,21.7-54,58.7-54c31.9,0,54.3,20.8,54.3,50.7c0,33.7-17.7,57-40.8,57c-12.8,0-22.3-10.1-19.3-22.5c3.7-14.8,10.8-30.8,10.8-41.4C87.4,55.9,82,48,71,48c-13,0-23.5,12.9-23.5,30.3c0,11,3.9,18.5,3.9,18.5s-12.9,52.2-15.2,61.9c-4,16.5,0.5,43.2,0.9,45.5c0.2,1.2,1.6,1.7,2.5,0.6c1.3-1.6,16.8-23.9,21.2-40.1c1.6-5.8,8.1-29.6,8.1-29.6c4.3,7.8,16.6,14.3,29.8,14.3c39.2,0,67.5-34.6,67.5-77.5C166,30.8,131,0,85.9,0"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-linkedin"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 12.88 12.86"><path d="M4.77 7.84H7.44v8.59H4.77V7.84ZM6.11 3.57A1.55 1.55 0 1 1 4.56 5.12 1.55 1.55 0 0 1 6.11 3.57M9.12 7.84h2.56V9h0a2.8 2.8 0 0 1 2.53-1.39c2.7 0 3.2 1.78 3.2 4.09v4.71H14.77V12.25c0-1 0-2.28-1.39-2.28s-1.6 1.09-1.6 2.21v4.25H9.12V7.84Z" transform="translate(-4.56 -3.57)"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-newsletter"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 122.16 82.2"><path d="M61.09 61.22L0 9.15V82.2h122.17V9.15L61.09 61.22z"/><path d="M115.5 0H6.67l54.42 46.39L115.5 0z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-website"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 103.51 103.42"><path d="M27.54 38.81c.88-.64 1.72-1.32 2.63-1.9q13.3-8.41 27.29-1.19A23.34 23.34 0 0163.15 40a6.5 6.5 0 01.39 9.15 6.43 6.43 0 01-8.6 1c-1.15-.83-2.16-1.86-3.35-2.6a13 13 0 00-16 1.86Q26.22 58.64 16.93 68a13.1 13.1 0 0017 19.82 13.66 13.66 0 001.68-1.45q4.47-4.44 8.9-8.9a6.55 6.55 0 0110.18 8.2 2.21 2.21 0 00-.18.34L43.76 96.73l-.43.28a41.34 41.34 0 01-4.39 3c-9.34 4.89-18.5 4.47-27.39-1.21-1-.63-1.88-1.4-2.82-2.1l-2-2-.28-.43a41.34 41.34 0 01-3-4.39c-4.89-9.34-4.47-18.5 1.22-27.39.63-1 1.39-1.88 2.09-2.82z"/><path d="M75.92 64.57c-.88.64-1.72 1.33-2.63 1.9Q60 74.88 46 67.66a23.34 23.34 0 01-5.69-4.23 6.5 6.5 0 01-.39-9.15 6.42 6.42 0 018.6-1c1.15.82 2.16 1.85 3.35 2.6a13 13 0 0016-1.87q9.33-9.28 18.62-18.62a13.1 13.1 0 00-17-19.83 14.65 14.65 0 00-1.68 1.46q-4.47 4.43-8.9 8.89a6.55 6.55 0 01-10.18-8.2 1.83 1.83 0 00.27-.31L59.7 6.65a4.5 4.5 0 00.43-.27c1.07-.8 2.08-1.68 3.2-2.37a26 26 0 0136.75 9.52c5 9.26 4.47 18.49-1.22 27.37-.63 1-1.39 1.88-2.09 2.82z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__logo"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="5 2.8 290 69"><circle cx="39.6" cy="37.4" r="34.3" fill="#f44b34"/><path fill="#fff" d="M50.4 17.9c-1.7-1.8-4-2.6-7-2.6-9.1-.1-12.4-.1-13.2-.1L27.3 22h8.1L30 28v21h-.1l.1.1v6.7l-3.6 4h18.5L53 51V25c0-.1.1-4.3-2.6-7.1zm-5.2 19.6-7.4 7.8V41l7.4-7.8v4.3zm-7.4-15.4h3c.9 0 2.1-.1 3.1.9s1.4 2.5 1.4 4.9v3.6l-7.4 7.8-.1-17.2zm-4.9 30.1 3.3-3.6 9-9.5v13.1c0 .1-12.3.1-12.3 0z"/><path fill="#009ad9" d="m99.645 22.637 6.505-6.506 4.172 4.172-6.505 6.506zM121 44l4.2 4.2 6.5-6.5-4.2-4.2zm-3.2-31.2c1.8-1.8 4.7-1.8 6.5 0 1.9 1.9 1.7 4.8 0 6.5l-3.3 3.3 4.2 4.2 3.3-3.3c2-2 4.9-1.6 6.5 0 2 2 1.6 4.9 0 6.5l-3.3 3.3 4.2 4.2 3.3-3.3c4.2-4.2 4-10.8 0-14.8-2.8-2.8-6.1-3.1-7.6-3.1.1-1.5-.3-4.8-3.1-7.6-3.9-3.9-10.6-4.2-14.8 0l-3.3 3.3 4.2 4.2 3.2-3.4zm-7.5 20.6 4.2 4.1L121 31l-4.2-4.1-6.5 6.5z"/><path fill="#6ebd44" d="m99.6 52.4 6.6 6.5 4.1-4.2-6.5-6.5zm36.3-14.9-4.2 4.2L135 45c1.6 1.6 2 4.5 0 6.5-1.6 1.6-4.5 2.1-6.5 0l-3.3-3.3-4.2 4.2 3.3 3.3c1.7 1.7 1.9 4.6 0 6.5-1.8 1.8-4.7 1.8-6.5 0l-3.3-3.3-4.2 4.2 3.3 3.3c4.2 4.2 10.9 3.9 14.8 0 2.8-2.8 3.1-6.1 3.1-7.6 1.5 0 4.8-.3 7.6-3.1 4-4 4.2-10.6 0-14.8l-3.2-3.4zm-25.6 4.2 6.5 6.5L121 44l-6.5-6.5zm14.9-14.8L121 31l6.5 6.5 4.2-4.1-6.5-6.5z"/><path fill="#f68f1e" d="m110.332 54.607 6.506-6.506 4.172 4.172-6.506 6.505zM102.8 62.2c-1.6 1.6-4.5 2-6.5 0-1.6-1.6-2.1-4.5 0-6.5l3.3-3.3-4.2-4.2-3.3 3.3c-1.7 1.7-4.6 1.9-6.5 0-1.8-1.8-1.8-4.7 0-6.5l3.3-3.3-4.2-4.2-3.3 3.3c-4.2 4.2-3.9 10.9 0 14.8 2.8 2.8 6.1 3.1 7.6 3.1 0 1.5.3 4.8 3.1 7.6 4 4 10.6 4.2 14.8 0l3.3-3.3-4.2-4.2-3.2 3.4zm3.4-24.7L99.6 44l4.2 4.2 6.5-6.5zM95.5 26.9 89 33.4l4.1 4.1 6.5-6.5z"/><path fill="#ec174c" d="m99.6 44-6.5-6.5-4.1 4.2 6.5 6.5zm-14-14c-1.8-1.8-1.8-4.7 0-6.5 1.9-1.9 4.8-1.7 6.5 0l3.3 3.3 4.2-4.2-3.3-3.3c-2-2-1.6-4.9 0-6.5 2-2 4.9-1.6 6.5 0l3.3 3.3 4.2-4.2-3.3-3.2c-4.2-4.2-10.8-4-14.8 0-2.8 2.8-3.1 6.1-3.1 7.6-1.5-.1-4.9.3-7.6 3.1-3.9 3.9-4.2 10.6 0 14.8l3.3 3.3 4.2-4.2-3.4-3.3zm24.73-9.682 4.172-4.172 6.505 6.505-4.172 4.172zM106.2 37.5l4.1-4.1-6.5-6.5-4.2 4.1 6.6 6.5z"/><path fill="#573357" d="m106.142 16.042 4.171-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.171 4.172z"/><path fill="#be272d" d="m84.81 37.543 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#008e4c" d="m127.497 37.555 4.171-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.171 4.172z"/><path fill="#7a773e" d="m106.172 58.866 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#443639" d="m116.856 26.74 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#803136" d="m95.455 48.169 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#593438" d="m95.446 26.753 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.173-4.172 4.171z"/><path fill="#443639" d="m106.155 37.456 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.171-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#2a6442" d="m116.871 48.153 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path d="M170.4 13.5c-2.5-2.2-5.7-3.3-9.6-3.3h-7.2v23.6h7.6c3.8 0 7-1.1 9.4-3.3s3.6-5 3.6-8.5-1.3-6.3-3.8-8.5zm.1 8.5c0 2.6-.9 4.7-2.6 6.2-1.7 1.6-4.1 2.3-7 2.3h-3.8V13.4h3.8c2.9 0 5.2.8 7 2.3 1.7 1.5 2.6 3.7 2.6 6.3zm14.6-6.3c-2.5 0-4.7.9-6.4 2.7s-2.6 4-2.6 6.6.9 4.8 2.6 6.6c1.7 1.8 3.9 2.7 6.4 2.7h.1v-.1c2.5 0 4.7-.9 6.4-2.7s2.6-4 2.6-6.6c0-2.5-.9-4.8-2.6-6.6-1.8-1.7-3.9-2.6-6.5-2.6zm4.1 13.7c-.5.6-1.1 1-1.8 1.3s-1.4.3-2.2.3c-1.7 0-3-.6-4.1-1.8-1.1-1.2-1.6-2.7-1.6-4.4 0-1.7.6-3.2 1.6-4.3 1.1-1.2 2.4-1.7 4.1-1.7 1.6 0 3 .6 4 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.6 4.3 0 1.9-.5 3.4-1.6 4.6zm16.9.8c-.5.6-1.3.9-2.3.9-1.6 0-2.4-.9-2.4-2.7v-9.2h5v-3h-5v-4.4h-3.3v4.4h-2.9l.1 3h2.9v9.3c0 1.9.5 3.3 1.4 4.3s2.2 1.5 3.9 1.5c1.8 0 3.2-.5 4.2-1.5l-1.6-2.6zm38.1-11.6c-1.5-2-3.5-3-6.1-3-2.5 0-4.5.9-6.1 2.7-1.6 1.8-2.4 4-2.4 6.6 0 2.7.8 4.9 2.5 6.6 1.7 1.8 3.7 2.7 6.1 2.7 2.6 0 4.6-1 6.1-3.1v2.6h3.4V16.1h-3.4v2.5h-.1zm-1.6 2c1.1 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.6 4.3s-.5 3.2-1.6 4.4c-.5.6-1.1 1-1.8 1.3s-1.4.4-2.2.4c-1.7 0-3-.6-4.1-1.8-1.1-1.2-1.6-2.7-1.6-4.4 0-1.7.6-3.2 1.6-4.3 1.1-1.2 2.4-1.7 4.1-1.7 1.6.1 2.9.6 4 1.8zm17.9 3.6c-.9-.3-1.9-.6-3-.9-1-.3-1.9-.6-2.5-1-.7-.4-1-1-1-1.6l.1-.1c0-.7.3-1.2.9-1.6.6-.4 1.4-.6 2.3-.6 2 0 3.4.7 4.5 2l2-2c-1.3-1.8-3.5-2.7-6.6-2.7-1.9 0-3.5.5-4.7 1.4-1.2 1-1.7 2.1-1.7 3.5 0 1.2.3 2.1 1 2.9s1.5 1.3 2.6 1.7c1.1.4 2 .7 2.9 1 1 .3 1.8.7 2.4 1.1.7.5 1 1 1 1.8s-.3 1.4-.9 1.8c-.6.5-1.4.7-2.5.7-2.3 0-4.1-.8-5.3-2.3l-2 2.2c1.5 1.9 3.9 2.9 7.1 2.9 2.2 0 3.9-.5 5.1-1.5s1.8-2.3 1.8-3.8c0-1.2-.3-2.2-1-3-.6-.9-1.5-1.4-2.5-1.9zm14.9-8.6c-2.3 0-4.1.8-5.2 2.5V8.4h-3.4v25.4h3.4l.1-10.3c0-1.4.4-2.6 1.2-3.4.8-.8 1.8-1.2 3.2-1.2 1.3 0 2.4.4 3.2 1.3.8.8 1.2 2 1.2 3.4v10.3h3.4V23c0-2.3-.6-4-1.9-5.4-1.4-1.4-3.1-2-5.2-2zm-52.2 3c-1.5-2-3.5-3-6.1-3-2.5 0-4.5.9-6.1 2.7-1.6 1.8-2.4 4-2.4 6.6 0 2.7.8 4.9 2.5 6.6 1.7 1.8 3.7 2.7 6.1 2.7 2.6 0 4.6-1 6.1-3.1v2.6h3.4V8.4h-3.4v10.2h-.1zm-1.6 2c1.1 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.6 4.3s-.5 3.2-1.6 4.4c-1.1 1.2-2.4 1.8-4 1.8-1.7 0-3-.6-4.1-1.8-1.1-1.2-1.6-2.7-1.6-4.4 0-1.7.6-3.2 1.6-4.3 1.1-1.2 2.4-1.7 4.1-1.7 1.6 0 2.9.5 4 1.7zm48.8 19.9h-3.6v19.1c0 2.4.7 4.1 2.1 5.1 1.2.9 3.1 1.4 5.6 1.4h.1v-3h-.1c-1.2 0-2.1-.2-2.7-.6-.9-.6-1.4-1.7-1.4-3.3V51h4.1v-3h-4.1v-7.5zm-96.2 7c-1.4 0-2.6.3-3.7 1-1 .6-1.7 1.5-2.3 2.6-1.2-2.4-3.2-3.6-6-3.6-2.2 0-4 .9-5.2 2.6V48h-3.5v18.2h3.5l.2-10.7c0-1.5.4-2.6 1.1-3.5.7-.9 1.8-1.3 3.1-1.3s2.3.4 3.1 1.3c.8.9 1.2 2 1.2 3.5v10.6h3.4V55.5c0-1.5.4-2.6 1.2-3.5s1.8-1.3 3.2-1.3c1.3 0 2.3.4 3.1 1.3.7.9 1.1 2 1.1 3.5v10.6h3.5V55c0-2.3-.6-4.1-1.9-5.5-1.3-1.3-3-2-5.1-2zm18.9 0c-2.5 0-4.7.9-6.4 2.8-1.7 1.9-2.6 4.1-2.6 6.8s.9 5 2.7 6.8c1.8 1.8 4.1 2.8 6.8 2.8h.1v-.1c1.4 0 2.7-.3 3.9-.7 1.2-.5 2.2-1.1 3-1.9l-1.8-2.4c-1.3 1.3-3 2-5 2-1.7 0-3.1-.5-4.2-1.6-1.1-1-1.8-2.4-2-4h14.3c.1-.3.1-.7.1-1.2 0-2.5-.9-4.7-2.6-6.5-1.6-1.8-3.8-2.8-6.3-2.8zm.1 3c1.4 0 2.6.5 3.6 1.3 1 .9 1.6 2.1 1.8 3.8h-10.8c.3-1.5.9-2.7 1.8-3.7 1-.9 2.2-1.4 3.6-1.4zm22.5-2.3c-.6-.5-1.6-.8-2.8-.8-1.9 0-3.4.9-4.5 2.6v-2H205v18.2h3.5l-.1-10.5c0-1.5.3-2.7.9-3.6.6-.9 1.5-1.3 2.6-1.3.9 0 1.7.2 2.3.7h.1l1.4-3.3zm9-.7c-2.5 0-4.7.9-6.4 2.8-1.7 1.9-2.6 4.1-2.6 6.8s.9 5 2.7 6.8c1.8 1.8 4.1 2.8 6.8 2.8h.1v-.1c1.4 0 2.7-.3 3.9-.7 1.2-.5 2.2-1.1 3-1.9l-1.8-2.4c-1.3 1.3-3 2-5 2-1.7 0-3.1-.5-4.2-1.6-1.1-1-1.8-2.4-2-4h14.3c.1-.3.1-.7.1-1.2 0-2.5-.9-4.7-2.6-6.5-1.6-1.8-3.8-2.8-6.3-2.8zm.1 3c1.4 0 2.6.5 3.6 1.3 1 .9 1.6 2.1 1.8 3.8h-10.8c.3-1.5.9-2.7 1.8-3.7.9-.9 2.1-1.4 3.6-1.4zm26.1 0c-1.5-2-3.6-3.1-6.3-3.1-2.5 0-4.6.9-6.3 2.7s-2.5 4.1-2.5 6.8.9 5 2.5 6.8c1.7 1.8 3.8 2.7 6.3 2.7 2.6 0 4.7-1.1 6.3-3.2v2.7h3.5V40.5h-3.5v10zm-1.7 2c1.1 1.2 1.6 2.7 1.6 4.5 0 1.7-.6 3.3-1.6 4.5-1.1 1.2-2.4 1.8-4.2 1.8-1.7 0-3.1-.6-4.2-1.8-1.1-1.2-1.7-2.7-1.7-4.5s.6-3.3 1.7-4.5c1.1-1.2 2.5-1.8 4.2-1.8 1.8.1 3.1.7 4.2 1.8zm43.5-3c-1.3-1.4-3-2.1-5.2-2.1-2.4 0-4.2.9-5.4 2.6v-9.6h-3.5v25.7h3.5l.1-10.5c0-1.5.4-2.6 1.2-3.5.8-.9 1.8-1.3 3.2-1.3 1.4 0 2.5.4 3.3 1.3.8.9 1.2 2 1.2 3.5v10.6h3.5V55c0-2.3-.6-4.1-1.9-5.5zM259.1 48h3.5v18.2h-3.5zm0-7.5h3.4v3.4h-3.4z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="reviewer-icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 153.4 122.3"><path d="M150.1,7.2l-3.9-3.9c-4.3-4.3-11.4-4.3-15.8,0L55.2,87.4L22.9,55.2c-4.3-4.3-11.5-4.3-15.8,0l-3.9,3.9c-4.3,4.3-4.3,11.4,0,15.8L43.1,115c0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.2,0.2l3.9,3.9c4.3,4.3,11.4,4.3,15.8,0l87.2-96.1C154.5,18.6,154.5,11.5,150.1,7.2z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="finance-reviewer-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 102 102"><path d="M51 102a51 51 0 1142.29-79.52 6 6 0 011 3v.8a6 6 0 01-1.51 4.31L53 75.49a6 6 0 01-4.21 2 5.89 5.89 0 01-4.38-1.61L28.9 61.38a6 6 0 018.2-8.76l11 10.29L80.92 26A39 39 0 1090 51a6 6 0 0112 0 51.06 51.06 0 01-51 51z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-star"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M0 0v20h20V0zm15.45 18.39L10 15.52l-5.45 2.87 1-6.07L1.18 8l6.09-.89L10 1.61l2.73 5.52 6.09.87-4.41 4.3z" data-name="Layer 1"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-caret"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32.42 19.04"><path d="M16.21 19.04L0 2.83 2.83 0l13.38 13.38L29.59 0l2.83 2.83-16.21 16.21z"/></svg> </symbol> </defs> </svg> <!-- done svg resources --> <!-- Google Tag Manager (Testing) --> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5P3SZGS" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <div id="banner_1-0" class="comp banner mntl-block"></div> <header id="header_1-0" class="comp header header--search" role="banner" data-tracking-container="true"><a href="#skip-to-content" rel="nocaes" id="skip-link_1-0" class="skip-link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Skip to content</span></a> <div class="header__menu-top"> <div class="header__menu-button-container"> <button class="header__menu-button" aria-label="Main menu for Investopedia"> <div class="header__menu-button-inner"> <svg class="icon icon-menu " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-menu" href="#icon-menu"></use> </svg> <svg class="icon icon-close " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-close" href="#icon-close"></use> </svg> </div> </button> </div> <div class="header__logo-wrapper"> <a id="linked-logo_1-0" class="comp linked-logo mntl-block" rel="home" href="/" aria-label="Investopedia Homepage"><svg class="icon inv-logo-header " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#inv-logo-header" href="#inv-logo-header"></use> </svg></a> </div> <nav id="header-nav_1-0" class="comp header-nav" role="navigation"> <div class="header-nav__list-wrapper"> <ul class="header-nav__list"> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing-4427685" rel="nocaes" > Investing </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/stocks-4427785" rel="nocaes" > Stocks </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/cryptocurrency-4427699" rel="nocaes" > Cryptocurrency </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/bonds-4689778" rel="nocaes" > Bonds </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/etfs-4427784" rel="nocaes" > ETFs </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/options-and-derivatives-trading-4689663" rel="nocaes" > Options and Derivatives </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/commodities-4427780" rel="nocaes" > Commodities </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/trading-4427765" rel="nocaes" > Trading </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/financial-technology-and-automated-investing-4689759" rel="nocaes" > Automated Investing </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/brokers-4689772" rel="nocaes" > Brokers </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/fundamental-analysis-4689757" rel="nocaes" > Fundamental Analysis </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/" rel="nocaes" > Markets </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item view-all"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing-4427685" rel="nocaes" > View All </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/simulator/?inv_to_sim=global_nav" rel="nocaes" > Simulator </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/simulator/portfolio" rel="nocaes" > Login / Portfolio </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/simulator/trade/stocks" rel="nocaes" > Trade </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/simulator/research" rel="nocaes" > Research </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/simulator/games/my-games" rel="nocaes" > My Games </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/simulator/games" rel="nocaes" > Leaderboard </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/banking-4427754" rel="nocaes" > Banking </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/savings-accounts-4689728" rel="nocaes" > Savings Accounts </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/certificate-of-deposits-4689733" rel="nocaes" > Certificates of Deposit (CDs) </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/money-market-account-4689730" rel="nocaes" > Money Market Accounts </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/checking-accounts-4689732" rel="nocaes" > Checking Accounts </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item view-all"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/banking-4427754" rel="nocaes" > View All </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance-4427760" rel="nocaes" > Personal Finance </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/budgeting-and-savings-4427755" rel="nocaes" > Budgeting and Saving </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loans-4689729" rel="nocaes" > Personal Loans </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/insurance-4427716" rel="nocaes" > Insurance </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-4689703" rel="nocaes" > Mortgages </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/credit-and-debt-4689724" rel="nocaes" > Credit and Debt </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/student-loans-4689727" rel="nocaes" > Student Loans </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/taxes-4427724" rel="nocaes" > Taxes </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/credit-card-4689721" rel="nocaes" > Credit Cards </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/financial-literacy-resource-center-7151950" rel="nocaes" > Financial Literacy </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/retirement-planning-4689695" rel="nocaes" > Retirement </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item view-all"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance-4427760" rel="nocaes" > View All </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/economy-4689801" rel="nocaes" > Economy </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/government-and-policy-4689793" rel="nocaes" > Government and Policy </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/monetary-policy-4689792" rel="nocaes" > Monetary Policy </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/fiscal-policy-4689796" rel="nocaes" > Fiscal Policy </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/economics-4689800" rel="nocaes" > Economics </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item view-all"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/economy-4689801" rel="nocaes" > View All </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/news-4427706" rel="nocaes" > News </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets-news-4427704" rel="nocaes" > Markets </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/company-news-4427705" rel="nocaes" > Companies </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/earnings-reports-5218419" rel="nocaes" > Earnings </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/certificates-deposit-news-7111770" rel="nocaes" > CD Rates </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-rates-5184598" rel="nocaes" > Mortgage Rates </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/economic-news-5218422" rel="nocaes" > Economy </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/political-news-4689737" rel="nocaes" > Government </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/cryptocurrency-news-5114163" rel="nocaes" > Crypto </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/etf-news-5218416" rel="nocaes" > ETFs </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance-news-5114159" rel="nocaes" > Personal Finance </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item view-all"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/news-4427706" rel="nocaes" > View All </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/financial-product-reviews-7110783" rel="nocaes" > Reviews </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-online-brokers-4587872" rel="nocaes" > Best Online Brokers </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-robo-advisors-4693125" rel="nocaes" > Best Robo-Advisors </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-life-insurance-companies-4845858" rel="nocaes" > Best Life Insurance </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-high-yield-savings-accounts-4770633" rel="nocaes" > Best Savings Rates </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-cd-rates-4770214" rel="nocaes" > Best CD Rates </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-money-market-accounts-5096917" rel="nocaes" > Best Money Market Accounts </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-rates-5094943" rel="nocaes" > Best Mortgage Rates </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-personal-loans-4773300" rel="nocaes" > Best Personal Loans </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-repair-companies-4843898" rel="nocaes" > Best Credit Repair Companies </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-debt-relief-companies-4846588" rel="nocaes" > Best Debt Relief Companies </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item view-all"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/financial-product-reviews-7110783" rel="nocaes" > View All </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/dow-jones-today-11272024-8752623" rel="nocaes" id="header-nav__live-button_1-0" class="header-nav__live-button live-coverage-button mntl-text-link header__nav-button" data-tracking-container="true" ><div id="live-coverage-button__icon_1-0" class="comp live-coverage-button__icon live-coverage-icon mntl-block"><div id="live-coverage-icon__dot_1-0" class="comp live-coverage-icon__dot mntl-block"></div> <div id="live-coverage-icon__pulse_1-0" class="comp live-coverage-icon__pulse mntl-block"></div></div> <div id="live-coverage-button__text_1-0" class="comp live-coverage-button__text mntl-text-block">Live</div></a> <div id="utility-nav_1-0" class="comp utility-nav"> <ul class="utility-nav__list"> <li class="loc search-bar utility-nav__search utility-nav__partial-menu-item"><div id="general-search_1-0" class="comp general-search" data-tracking-container="true"> <button class="general-search__icon-button" aria-label="search"> <svg class="icon icon-search " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-search" href="#icon-search"></use> </svg> </button> <form class="general-search__form" role="search" action="/search" method="get"> <div class="general-search__input-group input-group"> <label for="general-search__search-input" class="is-vishidden">Search</label> <input type="text" name="q" id="general-search__search-input" class="general-search__input" placeholder="What are you looking for?" type="text" required="required" value="" autocomplete="off" /> <button class="general-search__button button--contained-standard-square"> <span class="is-vishidden">Search</span> <svg class="icon icon-search " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-search" href="#icon-search"></use> </svg> </button> <button class="general-search__close" aria-label="Close search bar"> <svg class="icon icon-close " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-close" href="#icon-close"></use> </svg> </button> </div> </form> <div class="loc validation-message"><div id="general-search__validation-message_1-0" class="comp general-search__validation-message message-banner--informational message-banner is-hidden message-banner--informational"> <svg class="icon icon-info message-banner__prefix-icon message-banner__icon " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-info" href="#icon-info"></use> </svg> <span class="message-banner__text "> Please fill out this field. </span> <button class="message-banner__close-button js-message-banner-close" aria-label="Close informational Banner"> <svg class="icon icon-close message-banner__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-close" href="#icon-close"></use> </svg> </button> </div> </div></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="header__nav-panel"> <nav id="fullscreen-nav_1-0" class="comp fullscreen-nav " role="navigation" data-tracking-container="true"> <div id="fullscreen-nav__search_1-0" class="comp fullscreen-nav__search general-search" data-tracking-container="true"> <form class="fullscreen-nav__search__form" role="search" action="/search" method="get"> <div class="general-search__input-group input-group"> <label for="fullscreen-nav__search__search-input" class="is-vishidden">Search</label> <input type="text" name="q" id="fullscreen-nav__search__search-input" class="general-search__input" placeholder="What are you looking for?" type="text" required="required" value="" autocomplete="off" /> <button class="general-search__button button--contained-standard-square"> <span class="is-vishidden">Search</span> <svg class="icon icon-search " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-search" href="#icon-search"></use> </svg> </button> </div> </form> <div class="loc validation-message"><div id="general-search__validation-message_2-0" class="comp general-search__validation-message message-banner--informational message-banner is-hidden message-banner--informational"> <svg class="icon icon-info message-banner__prefix-icon message-banner__icon " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-info" href="#icon-info"></use> </svg> <span class="message-banner__text "> Please fill out this field. </span> <button class="message-banner__close-button js-message-banner-close" aria-label="Close informational Banner"> <svg class="icon icon-close message-banner__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-close" href="#icon-close"></use> </svg> </button> </div> </div></div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav__list"> <li class="fullscreen-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing-4427685" class="fullscreen-nav__title " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fullscreen-nav__sublist-investing-fullscreen-nav"> Investing <svg class="icon icon-chevron_right " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-chevron_right" href="#icon-chevron_right"></use> </svg> </a> <div class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-container" id="fullscreen-nav__sublist-investing-fullscreen-nav"> <div class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-header"> <button class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-back-button" role="button" aria-label="Back to main menu"> <svg class="icon icon-arrow_left " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow_left" href="#icon-arrow_left"></use> </svg> <span class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-header-text ">Investing</span> </button> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav__sublist"> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/stocks-4427785" rel="nocaes" > Stocks </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/cryptocurrency-4427699" rel="nocaes" > Cryptocurrency </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/bonds-4689778" rel="nocaes" > Bonds </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/etfs-4427784" rel="nocaes" > ETFs </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/options-and-derivatives-trading-4689663" rel="nocaes" > Options and Derivatives </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/commodities-4427780" rel="nocaes" > Commodities </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/trading-4427765" rel="nocaes" > Trading </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/financial-technology-and-automated-investing-4689759" rel="nocaes" > Automated Investing </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/brokers-4689772" rel="nocaes" > Brokers </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/fundamental-analysis-4689757" rel="nocaes" > Fundamental Analysis </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/" rel="nocaes" > Markets </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item view-all"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing-4427685" rel="nocaes" > View All </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/simulator/?inv_to_sim=global_nav" class="fullscreen-nav__title " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fullscreen-nav__sublist-simulator-fullscreen-nav"> Simulator <svg class="icon icon-chevron_right " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-chevron_right" href="#icon-chevron_right"></use> </svg> </a> <div class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-container" id="fullscreen-nav__sublist-simulator-fullscreen-nav"> <div class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-header"> <button class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-back-button" role="button" aria-label="Back to main menu"> <svg class="icon icon-arrow_left " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow_left" href="#icon-arrow_left"></use> </svg> <span class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-header-text ">Simulator</span> </button> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav__sublist"> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/simulator/portfolio" rel="nocaes" > Login / Portfolio </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/simulator/trade/stocks" rel="nocaes" > Trade </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/simulator/research" rel="nocaes" > Research </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/simulator/games/my-games" rel="nocaes" > My Games </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/simulator/games" rel="nocaes" > Leaderboard </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/banking-4427754" class="fullscreen-nav__title " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fullscreen-nav__sublist-banking-fullscreen-nav"> Banking <svg class="icon icon-chevron_right " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-chevron_right" href="#icon-chevron_right"></use> </svg> </a> <div class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-container" id="fullscreen-nav__sublist-banking-fullscreen-nav"> <div class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-header"> <button class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-back-button" role="button" aria-label="Back to main menu"> <svg class="icon icon-arrow_left " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow_left" href="#icon-arrow_left"></use> </svg> <span class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-header-text ">Banking</span> </button> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav__sublist"> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/savings-accounts-4689728" rel="nocaes" > Savings Accounts </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/certificate-of-deposits-4689733" rel="nocaes" > Certificates of Deposit (CDs) </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/money-market-account-4689730" rel="nocaes" > Money Market Accounts </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/checking-accounts-4689732" rel="nocaes" > Checking Accounts </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item view-all"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/banking-4427754" rel="nocaes" > View All </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance-4427760" class="fullscreen-nav__title " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fullscreen-nav__sublist-personal-finance-fullscreen-nav"> Personal Finance <svg class="icon icon-chevron_right " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-chevron_right" href="#icon-chevron_right"></use> </svg> </a> <div class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-container" id="fullscreen-nav__sublist-personal-finance-fullscreen-nav"> <div class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-header"> <button class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-back-button" role="button" aria-label="Back to main menu"> <svg class="icon icon-arrow_left " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow_left" href="#icon-arrow_left"></use> </svg> <span class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-header-text ">Personal Finance</span> </button> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav__sublist"> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/budgeting-and-savings-4427755" rel="nocaes" > Budgeting and Saving </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loans-4689729" rel="nocaes" > Personal Loans </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/insurance-4427716" rel="nocaes" > Insurance </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-4689703" rel="nocaes" > Mortgages </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/credit-and-debt-4689724" rel="nocaes" > Credit and Debt </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/student-loans-4689727" rel="nocaes" > Student Loans </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/taxes-4427724" rel="nocaes" > Taxes </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/credit-card-4689721" rel="nocaes" > Credit Cards </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/financial-literacy-resource-center-7151950" rel="nocaes" > Financial Literacy </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/retirement-planning-4689695" rel="nocaes" > Retirement </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item view-all"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance-4427760" rel="nocaes" > View All </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/economy-4689801" class="fullscreen-nav__title " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fullscreen-nav__sublist-economy-fullscreen-nav"> Economy <svg class="icon icon-chevron_right " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-chevron_right" href="#icon-chevron_right"></use> </svg> </a> <div class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-container" id="fullscreen-nav__sublist-economy-fullscreen-nav"> <div class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-header"> <button class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-back-button" role="button" aria-label="Back to main menu"> <svg class="icon icon-arrow_left " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow_left" href="#icon-arrow_left"></use> </svg> <span class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-header-text ">Economy</span> </button> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav__sublist"> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/government-and-policy-4689793" rel="nocaes" > Government and Policy </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/monetary-policy-4689792" rel="nocaes" > Monetary Policy </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/fiscal-policy-4689796" rel="nocaes" > Fiscal Policy </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/economics-4689800" rel="nocaes" > Economics </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item view-all"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/economy-4689801" rel="nocaes" > View All </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/news-4427706" class="fullscreen-nav__title " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fullscreen-nav__sublist-news-fullscreen-nav"> News <svg class="icon icon-chevron_right " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-chevron_right" href="#icon-chevron_right"></use> </svg> </a> <div class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-container" id="fullscreen-nav__sublist-news-fullscreen-nav"> <div class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-header"> <button class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-back-button" role="button" aria-label="Back to main menu"> <svg class="icon icon-arrow_left " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow_left" href="#icon-arrow_left"></use> </svg> <span class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-header-text ">News</span> </button> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav__sublist"> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets-news-4427704" rel="nocaes" > Markets </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/company-news-4427705" rel="nocaes" > Companies </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/earnings-reports-5218419" rel="nocaes" > Earnings </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/certificates-deposit-news-7111770" rel="nocaes" > CD Rates </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-rates-5184598" rel="nocaes" > Mortgage Rates </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/economic-news-5218422" rel="nocaes" > Economy </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/political-news-4689737" rel="nocaes" > Government </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/cryptocurrency-news-5114163" rel="nocaes" > Crypto </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/etf-news-5218416" rel="nocaes" > ETFs </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance-news-5114159" rel="nocaes" > Personal Finance </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item view-all"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/news-4427706" rel="nocaes" > View All </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/financial-product-reviews-7110783" class="fullscreen-nav__title " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fullscreen-nav__sublist-reviews-fullscreen-nav"> Reviews <svg class="icon icon-chevron_right " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-chevron_right" href="#icon-chevron_right"></use> </svg> </a> <div class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-container" id="fullscreen-nav__sublist-reviews-fullscreen-nav"> <div class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-header"> <button class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-back-button" role="button" aria-label="Back to main menu"> <svg class="icon icon-arrow_left " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow_left" href="#icon-arrow_left"></use> </svg> <span class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-header-text ">Reviews</span> </button> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav__sublist"> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-online-brokers-4587872" rel="nocaes" > Best Online Brokers </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-robo-advisors-4693125" rel="nocaes" > Best Robo-Advisors </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-life-insurance-companies-4845858" rel="nocaes" > Best Life Insurance </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-high-yield-savings-accounts-4770633" rel="nocaes" > Best Savings Rates </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-cd-rates-4770214" rel="nocaes" > Best CD Rates </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-money-market-accounts-5096917" rel="nocaes" > Best Money Market Accounts </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-rates-5094943" rel="nocaes" > Best Mortgage Rates </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-personal-loans-4773300" rel="nocaes" > Best Personal Loans </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-repair-companies-4843898" rel="nocaes" > Best Credit Repair Companies </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-debt-relief-companies-4846588" rel="nocaes" > Best Debt Relief Companies </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__sublist-item view-all"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/financial-product-reviews-7110783" rel="nocaes" > View All </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/financial-term-dictionary-4769738" rel="nocaes" class="fullscreen-nav__link" > Financial Terms </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/investopedia-newsletter-opt-in-7095821" rel="nocaes" class="fullscreen-nav__link" > Newsletter </a> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/about-us-5093223" rel="nocaes" class="fullscreen-nav__link" > About Us </a> </li> </ul> <div id="utility-nav_2-0" class="comp utility-nav"> <ul class="utility-nav__list"> </ul> </div> <div id="header-social-nav_1-0" class="comp header-social-nav mntl-social-nav" data-tracking-container="true"> <div class="social-nav__title">Follow Us</div> <ul class="social-nav__list"> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Investopedia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--facebook" aria-label="Visit Investopedia's Facebook" > <svg class="icon icon-facebook social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-facebook" href="#icon-facebook"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--instagram"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/investopedia/?hl=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--instagram" aria-label="Visit Investopedia's Instagram" > <svg class="icon icon-instagram social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-instagram" href="#icon-instagram"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--linkedin"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/investopedia-ulc" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--linkedin" aria-label="Visit Investopedia's LinkedIn" > <svg class="icon icon-linkedin social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-linkedin" href="#icon-linkedin"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--tiktok"> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@investopedia" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--tiktok" aria-label="Visit Investopedia's TikTok" > <svg class="icon icon-tiktok social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-tiktok" href="#icon-tiktok"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--x"> <a href="https://twitter.com/investopedia" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--x" aria-label="Visit Investopedia's X" > <svg class="icon icon-x social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-x" href="#icon-x"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--youtube"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/investopedia" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--youtube" aria-label="Visit Investopedia's YouTube" > <svg class="icon icon-youtube social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-youtube" href="#icon-youtube"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </header><main id="main" class="loc main" role="main"><iframe id="height-change-listener" role="none" tabindex="-1" src="about:blank" aria-hidden="true"></iframe> <div id="skip-to-content" class="jump-link"></div> <div id="content-well_1-0" class="comp content-well mntl-block"><article id="article_1-0" class="comp article mntl-block" data-rail-bp="med" data-tracking-container="true"><ul id="breadcrumbs_1-0" class="comp breadcrumbs mntl-breadcrumbs mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_1-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/brokers-4689772" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_1-0" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Brokers</span></a></li> <li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_2-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/stock-brokers-4689770" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_2-0" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Stock Broker Reviews</span></a></li></ul> <header id="article-header_1-0" class="comp article-header mntl-block right-rail__offset"><h1 id="article-heading_1-0" class="comp article-heading mntl-text-block">Interactive Brokers Review 2024</h1> <p id="article-subheading_1-0" class="comp article-subheading mntl-text-block">An impressive lineup of asset classes, tools, and educational material</p> <div id="sponsorship-wrapper_1-0" class="comp sponsorship-wrapper mntl-block"></div> <div id="article-meta_1-0" class="comp article-meta mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="finance-bylines_1-0" class="comp finance-bylines mntl-bylines"><div id="mntl-bylines__group_1-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__group mntl-block mntl-bylines__group--author"><div id="mntl-bylines__item_1-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__item mntl-attribution__item mntl-attribution__item--has-date"> <span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">By</span> <div data-tooltip="Andrew’s work experience in finance includes experience as an institutional broker, a derivatives pricing system designer, an international banker and trader, and a program manager for managed account offerings. He has studied price dynamics and financial market pricing in multiple markets for more than thirty years. Andrew has also worked as a fundraiser for various non-profits. His consulting work includes advising investors on financial market trading strategies, and assisting non-profit and for-profit companies/organizations with their strategic planning and business operations. Andrew obtained his BA at Washington University in St. Louis, and a MBA with honors at Fordham University in New York City. He holds a FINRA series 65 license, and a NY state property and casualty insurance license. " tabindex="0" data-inline-tooltip="true"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/andrew-grossman-5202459" rel="nocaes" data-trigger-link="true" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="-1" >Andrew Grossman</a> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip mntl-tooltip mntl-group"> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__top "> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__image-wrapper"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:100.0%;"> <img data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/o8o-cINEcNQSqKImLoBpOuKzZRQ=/90x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/AndrewGrossman-BioPicture-edit-314a671c5ca6420b82a475faa3162e6a.jpg 90w" data-sizes="90px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/KkG8QCYk7GbpbH0xTzVIcfv013E=/90x200/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/AndrewGrossman-BioPicture-edit-314a671c5ca6420b82a475faa3162e6a.jpg" alt="Andrew Grossman" class="lazyload mntl-author-tooltip__image" width="90" height="200" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/KkG8QCYk7GbpbH0xTzVIcfv013E=/90x200/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/AndrewGrossman-BioPicture-edit-314a671c5ca6420b82a475faa3162e6a.jpg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/o8o-cINEcNQSqKImLoBpOuKzZRQ=/90x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/AndrewGrossman-BioPicture-edit-314a671c5ca6420b82a475faa3162e6a.jpg 90w" alt="Andrew Grossman" width="90" height="200" class="img--noscript mntl-author-tooltip__image" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/andrew-grossman-5202459" rel="nocaes" id="finance-author-tooltip__link_1-0" class="finance-author-tooltip__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Full Bio</span></a> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bio"> Andrew’s work experience in finance includes experience as an institutional broker, a derivatives pricing system designer, an international banker and trader, and a program manager for managed account offerings. He has studied price dynamics and financial market pricing in multiple markets for more than thirty years. Andrew has also worked as a fundraiser for various non-profits. His consulting work includes advising investors on financial market trading strategies, and assisting non-profit and for-profit companies/organizations with their strategic planning and business operations. Andrew obtained his BA at Washington University in St. Louis, and a MBA with honors at Fordham University in New York City. He holds a FINRA series 65 license, and a NY state property and casualty insurance license. </div> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bottom"> <span class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-text">Learn about our </span> <a href="/legal-4768893#editorial-policy" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-link" >editorial policies</a> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="mntl-attribution__item-date">Updated November 12, 2024</div></div> <div id="mntl-bylines__group_2-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__group mntl-block mntl-bylines__group--finance_reviewer"><div id="mntl-bylines__item_2-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__item mntl-attribution__item "><svg class="icon reviewer-icon mntl-attribution__item-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#reviewer-icon" href="#reviewer-icon"></use> </svg> <span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">Reviewed by</span> <div data-tooltip="<p>Thomas J Catalano is a CFP and Registered Investment Adviser with the state of South Carolina, where he launched his own financial advisory firm in 2018. Thomas' experience gives him expertise in a variety of areas including investments, retirement, insurance, and financial planning.</p>" tabindex="0" data-inline-tooltip="true"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/thomas-j-catalano-4800330" rel="nocaes" data-trigger-link="true" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="-1" >Thomas J. Catalano</a> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip_2-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip mntl-tooltip mntl-group"> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__top "> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__image-wrapper"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:125.0%;"> <img data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/gu2qB1LTenatu5Lq2af1f6A8DYU=/90x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/P2-ThomasCatalano-d5607267f385443798ae950ece178afd.jpg 90w" data-sizes="90px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/hCPQoiOLfRVmstDbVjzxkbdGk1Q=/90x200/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/P2-ThomasCatalano-d5607267f385443798ae950ece178afd.jpg" alt="Thomas Catalano" class="lazyload mntl-author-tooltip__image" width="90" height="200" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/hCPQoiOLfRVmstDbVjzxkbdGk1Q=/90x200/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/P2-ThomasCatalano-d5607267f385443798ae950ece178afd.jpg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/gu2qB1LTenatu5Lq2af1f6A8DYU=/90x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/P2-ThomasCatalano-d5607267f385443798ae950ece178afd.jpg 90w" alt="Thomas Catalano" width="90" height="200" class="img--noscript mntl-author-tooltip__image" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip__name_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__name mntl-attribution__item "><svg class="icon reviewer-icon mntl-attribution__item-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#reviewer-icon" href="#reviewer-icon"></use> </svg> <span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">Reviewed by</span> <span id="mntl-author-tooltip__name_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__name mntl-attribution__item mntl-attribution__item-name">Thomas J. Catalano</span> </div> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/thomas-j-catalano-4800330" rel="nocaes" id="finance-author-tooltip__link_2-0" class="finance-author-tooltip__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Full Bio</span></a> <div id="finance-author-tooltip__social_2-0" class="comp finance-author-tooltip__social finance-social-nav mntl-social-nav" data-tracking-container="true"> <ul class="social-nav__list"> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--linkedin"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tomcatalano1/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" data-text="Follow" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--linkedin" aria-label="Visit Andrew Grossman's LinkedIn" > <svg class="icon icon-linkedin social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-linkedin" href="#icon-linkedin"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bio"> <p>Thomas J Catalano is a CFP and Registered Investment Adviser with the state of South Carolina, where he launched his own financial advisory firm in 2018. Thomas' experience gives him expertise in a variety of areas including investments, retirement, insurance, and financial planning.</p> </div> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bottom"> <span class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-text">Learn about our </span> <a href="/investopedia-financial-review-board-5076269" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-link" >Financial Review Board</a> </div> </div></div> </div></div> <div id="mntl-bylines__group_3-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__group mntl-block mntl-bylines__group--fact_checker"><div id="mntl-bylines__item_3-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__item mntl-attribution__item "><svg class="icon reviewer-icon mntl-attribution__item-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#reviewer-icon" href="#reviewer-icon"></use> </svg> <span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">Fact checked by</span> <div data-tooltip="Hans Daniel Jasperson has over a decade of experience in public policy research, with an emphasis on workforce development, education, and economic justice. His research has been shared with members of the U.S. Congress, federal agencies, and policymakers in several states." tabindex="0" data-inline-tooltip="true"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/hans-jasperson-5078523" rel="nocaes" data-trigger-link="true" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="-1" >Hans Daniel Jasperson</a> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip_3-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip mntl-tooltip mntl-group"> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__top "> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__image-wrapper"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/f0QTGR0zdNFqiNyzDQj__2_ufOg=/90x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/JaspersonHeadShot1-b5b480f2351248de8fd3e673f7ce6d0d.jpeg 90w" data-sizes="90px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/xty_fqRPZJwre7Pjm3grb8o9FRA=/90x200/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/JaspersonHeadShot1-b5b480f2351248de8fd3e673f7ce6d0d.jpeg" alt="Hans Daniel Jasperson" class="lazyload mntl-author-tooltip__image" width="90" height="200" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/xty_fqRPZJwre7Pjm3grb8o9FRA=/90x200/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/JaspersonHeadShot1-b5b480f2351248de8fd3e673f7ce6d0d.jpeg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/f0QTGR0zdNFqiNyzDQj__2_ufOg=/90x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/JaspersonHeadShot1-b5b480f2351248de8fd3e673f7ce6d0d.jpeg 90w" alt="Hans Daniel Jasperson" width="90" height="200" class="img--noscript mntl-author-tooltip__image" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip__name_2-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__name mntl-attribution__item "><svg class="icon reviewer-icon mntl-attribution__item-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#reviewer-icon" href="#reviewer-icon"></use> </svg> <span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">Fact checked by</span> <span id="mntl-author-tooltip__name_2-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__name mntl-attribution__item mntl-attribution__item-name">Hans Daniel Jasperson</span> </div> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/hans-jasperson-5078523" rel="nocaes" id="finance-author-tooltip__link_3-0" class="finance-author-tooltip__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Full Bio</span></a> <div id="finance-author-tooltip__social_3-0" class="comp finance-author-tooltip__social finance-social-nav mntl-social-nav" data-tracking-container="true"> <ul class="social-nav__list"> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--linkedin"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/dannyjasperson/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" data-text="Follow" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--linkedin" aria-label="Visit Andrew Grossman's LinkedIn" > <svg class="icon icon-linkedin social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-linkedin" href="#icon-linkedin"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bio"> Hans Daniel Jasperson has over a decade of experience in public policy research, with an emphasis on workforce development, education, and economic justice. His research has been shared with members of the U.S. Congress, federal agencies, and policymakers in several states. </div> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bottom"> <span class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-text">Learn about our </span> <a href="/legal-4768893#editorial-policy" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-link" >editorial policies</a> </div> </div></div> </div></div> </div></div> <p id="revenue-disclosure--prm_1-0" class="comp revenue-disclosure--prm revenue-disclosure revenue-disclosure-base mntl-block">Our editors independently research and recommend the best products and services. You can learn more about our <a href="/review-process-4802351" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_3-0" class="mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">independent review process</span></a> and partners in our <a href="/legal-4768893#advertising-disclosure" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_4-0" class="mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">advertiser disclosure</span></a> . We may receive commissions on purchases made from our chosen links.</p> <div id="product-card_1-0" class="comp product-card mntl-block"><div id="product-card--logo_1-0" class="comp product-card--logo mntl-block"><a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia102a&url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" id="product-card--logo-link_1-0" class="product-card--logo-link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><div class="product-card--logo-image mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><img data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/t1uK6QDWFJiuhWtYwXPcb2Mn2aw=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/interactive_brokers_productcard-5c61eec746e0fb0001f25462.png" width="4200" height="650" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/yXJUHKwDTbHc8E_ceKvrrBDBXXw=/390x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/interactive_brokers_productcard-5c61eec746e0fb0001f25462.png 390w" data-sizes="100vw" class="lazyload universal-image__image" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/t1uK6QDWFJiuhWtYwXPcb2Mn2aw=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/interactive_brokers_productcard-5c61eec746e0fb0001f25462.png" width="4200" height="650" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/yXJUHKwDTbHc8E_ceKvrrBDBXXw=/390x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/interactive_brokers_productcard-5c61eec746e0fb0001f25462.png 390w" sizes="100vw" /> </noscript></div></a></div> <div id="product-card--rating_1-0" class="comp product-card--rating mntl-block"><div id="product-card--rating-header_1-0" class="comp product-card--rating-header mntl-text-block">Overall Rating</div> <div id="product-card--rating-stars_1-0" class="comp product-card--rating-stars mntl-sc-block-starrating" aria-label="4.7 out of 5 stars"><div class="product-card--rating-stars__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="product-card--rating-stars__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="product-card--rating-stars__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star product-card--rating-stars__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-star" href="#icon-star"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="product-card--rating-stars__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="product-card--rating-stars__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="product-card--rating-stars__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star product-card--rating-stars__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-star" href="#icon-star"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="product-card--rating-stars__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="product-card--rating-stars__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="product-card--rating-stars__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star product-card--rating-stars__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-star" href="#icon-star"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="product-card--rating-stars__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="product-card--rating-stars__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="product-card--rating-stars__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star product-card--rating-stars__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-star" href="#icon-star"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="product-card--rating-stars__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="product-card--rating-stars__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="product-card--rating-stars__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 70%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star product-card--rating-stars__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-star" href="#icon-star"></use> </svg> </div> <span class="product-card--rating-stars__label mntl-sc-block-starrating__label">4.7</span></div></div> <div id="product-card--fast-facts_1-0" class="comp product-card--fast-facts mntl-block"><div id="product-card--fast-facts-header_1-0" class="comp product-card--fast-facts-header mntl-text-block">Fast Facts</div> <ul id="product-card--fast-facts-list_1-0" class="comp product-card--fast-facts-list mntl-block"><li id="product-card--fast-facts-item_1-0" class="comp product-card--fast-facts-item mntl-text-block"><strong>Account Minimum:</strong> $0.00</li> <li id="product-card--fast-facts-item_2-0" class="comp product-card--fast-facts-item mntl-text-block"><strong>Fees: </strong>$0.00 commissions for equities/ETFs available on IBKR’s TWS Lite, or low costs scaled by volume for active traders that want access to advanced functionality such as order routing. $0.65 per contract for options on TWS Lite; that is also the base rate for TWS Pro users, with scaled rates based on volume. $0.85 per contract for futures, also scales with volume for TWS Pro users. 0.12%-0.18% on cryptocurrency trades depending on volume with a minimum $1.75 fee per trade.</li></ul></div> <a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia102a&url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" id="product-card--account-cta_1-0" class="product-card--account-cta mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Open An Account </span> <svg class="icon icon-caret " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret" href="#icon-caret"></use> </svg></a></div></header> <div id="article-body_1-0" class="comp article-body mntl-block" data-contain-tooltips="true"><div id="mntl-sc-page_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-sc-sticky-offset="60" data-sc-ad-label-height="24" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="100" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-load-immediate="1" data-sc-content-positions="[300,600,900,1200,1500,1800,2100]" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true"><h3 id="mntl-sc-block_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Top Rated For </span> </h3> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_2-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> <li><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-online-brokers-4587872" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Best for Advanced Traders</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-brokers-for-international-trading-4587881" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">Best for International Trading</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-brokers-for-international-trading-4587881" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="3">Best for Algorithmic Trading</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-brokers-for-international-trading-4587881" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="4">Best for Risk Management</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-brokers-for-international-trading-4587881" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="5">Best for Generating Stock Trading Ideas</a></li> </ul> <div id="mntl-sc-block_3-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-our-take"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_4-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Our Take </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_5-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Interactive Brokers (IBKR) is one of the world’s leading trading platforms. The company has historically catered to institutional and high-volume traders, and IBKR continues to meet the needs of these customers, earning our top choice for best broker for advanced traders, international trading, algorithmic trading, and risk management, cash management, among other categories. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_6-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_7-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> However, it has also been impressive to see IBKR’s commitment to newer and less sophisticated investors and traders. IBKR now has a commission-free pricing model and has continued to enhance the features associated with its IBKR Lite pricing plan while developing both its mobile IBKR Global Trader and a new IBKR Desktop platforms, all of which are specifically designed to cater to this group of traders. In addition to the new platforms, IBKR has also been improving its educational content while designing features to make it easier for average traders and investors. IBKR now has an impressive array of offerings to meet the needs of all investor types. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_8-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_9-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block"><div id="mntl-sc-block_10-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" data-tracking-container="true"><h3 id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block with-title">Editor's Note</h3> <div id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block"><p>Aside from this Interactive Brokers review, we've also <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/interactive-advisors-review-4685247" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">reviewed the Interactive Advisors</a>' robo-advisor service.</p></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_11-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block "><iframe id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" allow="encrypted-media 'src'" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/FUomI/13/" allowfullscreen="false" frameborder="0" title="Review"></iframe></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_12-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-introduction"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_13-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Introduction </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_14-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Interactive Brokers (IBKR), headquartered in Greenwich, Connecticut, and founded by chairman Thomas Peterffy in 1977, was one of the first adopters of technology for financial markets and continues to excel in bringing trading tools and technology to the markets. IBKR is a publicly traded company, with $14.1 billion in equity capital, more than 2.75 million client accounts, and more than 2,900 global employees.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="114"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="83"></span> IBKR is unrivaled in the breadth of markets and financial instruments available to trade on its platforms.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="84"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_15-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros--cons"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_16-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros & Cons </span> </h2> <div id="mntl-sc-block_17-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block"><div id="mntl-sc-block_18-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Unequaled breadth of available trading markets</p></li> <li><p>Very competitive commission and margin rates</p></li> <li><p>Excellent trade execution</p></li> <li><p>Multiple trading tools</p></li> <li><p>Commission-free option</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>TWS can be intimidating to learn</p></li> <li><p>Commission schedules can be complex</p></li> <li><p>Commission-free option requires sacrifice</p></li> <li><p>Limited access to IPOs and OTC stocks</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_19-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_20-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Pros Explained </span> </h3> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_21-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> <li><strong>Unequaled breadth of available trading markets:</strong> No brokerage company comes close to providing access to the number of markets across the world, and the number of trading vehicles, as IBKR does. IBKR’s platform offers access to 150 market centers across 34 countries and 27 currencies, and offers equity, ETFs, mutual funds, debt, futures, foreign exchange, cryptocurrency, and other trading markets, all on a single trading platform.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="85"></span></li> <li><strong>Very competitive commission and margin rates:</strong> IBKR has low commission rates, scaled based on monthly trading volume, for its institutional and more active customers. IBKR also has competitive margin rates, which are adjusted lower as account size increases. </li> <li><strong>Excellent trade execution: </strong>IBKR has developed sophisticated order routing technology and allows customers on its IBKR Pro platform to route their own orders to maximize trade execution.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="86"></span></li> <li><strong>Multiple trading tools: </strong>IBKR offers a wide range of tools to help traders, including <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-stock-screeners-5120586" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">stock screeners</a>, the ability to trade directly from charts, sophisticated order routing, options analyzers, and easy order entry tools. IBKR customers also have access to fundamental and technical indicators that can be incorporated into advanced order functionality.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="87"></span></li><span class="mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline"></span> <li><strong>Commission-free option: </strong>IBKR, to cater to non-institutional traders and be competitive with offerings from other online brokers, now offers an IBKR Lite plan to offer commission-free stock and ETF trading. </li> </ul> <div id="mntl-sc-block_22-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_23-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Cons Explained </span> </h3> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_24-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> <li><strong>TWS can be intimidating to learn: </strong>Beginners and less sophisticated traders can find the high-powered Trader Workstation (TWS) platform overwhelming and intimidating because of all its bells and whistles. In response, IBKR has recently launched more beginner-friendly alternatives, including its IBKR Desktop and IBKR GlobalTrader platforms.</li> <li><strong>Commission schedules can be complex: </strong>IBKR has low commissions for high-volume traders, but unlike many brokerage firms with straightforward pricing, such as a flat rate for options trades, IBKR lowers commission rates using breakpoints based on monthly trading volume. This can make it difficult for traders to forecast their trading costs.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="88"></span></li> <li><strong>Commission-free option requires sacrifice: </strong>Like many online brokers these days, Interactive Brokers offers customers a commission-free trading plan that allows the company to generate revenue through <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/paymentoforderflow.asp" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">payment for order flow (PFOF)</a>. Customers who choose this plan are required to give up control of order routing in exchange for not paying commissions. </li><span class="mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline"></span> <li><strong>Limited access to IPOs and OTC stocks: </strong>IBKR is not an underwriter, so it does not usually get allocations of <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ipo.asp" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">initial public offerings (IPOs)</a>. Also, <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/otc.asp" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="3">over-the-counter (OTC)</a> stock trading is not as economical at IBKR as it is on other platforms.</li> </ul> <div id="mntl-sc-block_25-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-usability"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_26-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Usability </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_27-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR has made efforts to improve the usability of its platforms for all of its customers, and it is having success. It is not as cumbersome as in the past to open an account, and it can be done without funding. Customers still need to provide information for the <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/k/knowyourclient.asp" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">know your client (KYC)</a> rules required of brokers. Since traders may choose to transact in multiple markets, there may be some additional forms to fill out, such as options and margin agreements. IBKR has a client portal that can be accessed from either the desktop or web-based application (via a computer or mobile device). </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_28-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_29-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR has multiple desktop and mobile platforms to suit client needs, and two of the company’s newer platforms are very positive steps for helping IBKR’s beginner and less experienced traders use the power of IBKR’s technology. The properly chosen platform should greatly reduce feelings of intimidation that newer traders have previously felt with IBKR’s Trader Workstation (TWS). All of the platforms do a good job of integrating all of the markets and tools, so users can navigate to news, analytics, charting, and trading across all asset classes and markets on a single platform. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_30-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_31-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Importantly, the company launched a new desktop platform on Feb. 28, 2024, called IBKR Desktop. It was designed with user input with the goal of combining strong tools with an easy-to-use interface for beginner and intermediate traders. Further, IBKR launched a new mobile application, also geared towards less experienced traders, called IBKR GlobalTrader in March of 2022. IBKR GlobalTrader provides a simple interface that allows users to trade equities, ETFs, and options across the world. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_32-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-trade-experience"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_33-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Trade Experience </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_34-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR offers users multiple platforms, and with the launch of the IBKR Desktop platform in February 2024 and IBKR Global Trader in March 2022, it has an excellent mix of platforms to deliver its impressive trading technologies to a wide range of traders with different needs.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="89"></span> Platforms at IBKR are as follows: </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_35-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_36-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> <strong>Desktop Platforms</strong> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_37-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_38-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> <li><strong>IBKR Trader Workstation (TWS)</strong>: This is IBKR’s top-end platform. It has all the features for sophisticated high-volume and institutional traders and money managers, including order routing and other special tools. TWS can be customized by the user.</li><li><strong>IBKR Desktop</strong>: This is a fully functioning desktop platform that was designed using input from beginner and intermediate-level traders who want a robust platform, but don’t need access to all markets and tools.</li><li><strong>IBKR Client Portal</strong>: This is a web browser-based portal, accessible via desktop or mobile platforms, that lets users trade, as well as manage their accounts, print reports, and see account analytics. This interface, which the user can customize, launches automatically when account management is selected from either of the desktop platforms, and it can also be accessed from the IBKR website. Only one sign-in is required to access the client portal, and it can be customized by the user.</li> </ul> <div id="mntl-sc-block_39-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_40-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> <strong>Mobile Applications</strong> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_41-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_42-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> <li><strong>IBKR Mobile</strong>: This is the IBKR mobile platform that is closest to TWS, offering access to the full range of tradable markets available on TWS.</li><li><strong>IBKR GlobalTrader</strong>: This is a streamlined app designed for traders focusing on stocks, ETFs, options, and mutual funds. It has an easy-to-use design that is less intimidating than IBKR Mobile.</li><li><strong>IBKR Client Portal</strong>: This is the same as the desktop experience, but is accessible via mobile devices.</li> </ul> <div id="mntl-sc-block_43-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_44-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> <strong>Other IBKR Platforms</strong> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_45-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_46-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> <li><strong>IBKR APIs</strong>: IBKR provides an application protocol interface (API) that provides users with multiple IBKR and third-party applications, such as an easy-to-use Excel API or advanced strength FIX API.</li> <li><strong>IBKR EventTrader</strong>: This is a specialized application for one specific asset class available through the IBKR platform. These trades are outcomes of specific questions that have a yes or no answer.</li> <li><strong>IBKR IMPACT</strong>: This is an app available for iOS or Android that allows users to set criteria which then lets them identify and invest in companies that share their values, such as for <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/environmental-social-and-governance-esg-criteria.asp" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">environment, social, or governance (ESG)</a> or other socially positive criteria.</li> </ul> <div id="mntl-sc-block_47-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_48-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block"><div id="mntl-sc-block_49-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-advisorinsight" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" data-tracking-container="true"><h3 id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block"></h3> <div id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block"><p>Despite <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/stock-volatility-highest-since-covid-pandemic-vix-index-8690179" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">the sharp increase in volatility</a> that rocked the U.S. equity market from mid July through Early August, <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/individual-investors-shaken-not-deterred-by-recent-volatility-8694986" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">Investopedia's latest Reader Survey</a> shows that most individual investors remain somewhat optimistic about their portfolios.</p> <p><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/individual-investors-optimism-climbs-with-markets-hitting-record-highs-8666789" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="3"><br></a></p></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_50-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block "><iframe id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_2-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" allow="encrypted-media 'src'" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/3ZJOj/1/" allowfullscreen="false" frameborder="0" title="Emoji Meter"></iframe></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_51-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_52-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Range of Offerings </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_53-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Compared to other online brokers, it is incredible how many markets around the world and specific trading vehicles are available for trading at IBKR. Here is a breakdown: </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_54-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_55-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> <li>U.S. Equities and ETFs long and short, with more than 17,000 U.S. traded stocks available to borrow<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="90"></span></li><li>Options traded globally on more than 30 market centers<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="91"></span></li><li>Exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including more than 150 ETFs with no transaction fees if held for at least 30 days<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="92"></span></li><li>Over-the-counter bulletin board (OTCBB), commonly referred to as “pink sheets” or “penny stocks” (IBKR Lite customers are subject to fixed fee pricing for OTCBB stocks)<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="93"></span></li><li>Futures and options on futures</li><li>Precious metals: Spot trading in gold and silver<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="94"></span></li><li>Mutual funds: More than 48,000 funds available from more than 550 fund families, with more than 19,000 funds available with no fees<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="95"></span></li><li>International exchanges: 150 market centers across 34 countries and 27 currencies</li><li>Foreign exchange trading in 24 currencies and more than 100 currency pairs<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="96"></span></li><li>Cryptocurrency trading, where traders can hold the assets, for Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum, and Litecoin<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="97"></span></li><li>Spot Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs</li><li>Debt instruments including corporate, municipal, treasury, CDs, and international issues<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="98"></span></li><span class="mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline"></span><li>CME event contracts (IBKR EventTrader app only)<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="99"></span></li><li>Robo trading<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="100"></span></li> </ul> <div id="mntl-sc-block_56-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-order-types"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_57-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Order Types </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_58-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR offers traders a very wide range of order types, with IBKR Pro (TWS) customers having the ability to incorporate many order types and algorithms. They can also utilize fundamental and/or technical indicators as part of their orders. Even the other platforms, that don’t have that level of granularity, offer customers significant flexibility to place orders for entering and managing trades. For the more advanced platforms, traders can transact options strategies with up to six legs. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_59-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_60-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Order types available on IBKR platforms have some variation between the different platforms. IBKR has a very full array of order types but does not make them all available on the IBKR Desktop and IBKR Global Trader platforms to keep that platform simpler to use. This is done by design so that the more basic platforms do not overwhelm the user, who can always choose to step up their platform to TWS or IBKR Mobile if they want the additional functionality. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_61-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_62-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Order types are as follows: </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_63-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_64-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> <li>Buy and sell orders, including limit, market and stop orders, including limit stops are available on all platforms, but IBKR GlobalTrader, a simpler platform by design, does not currently support trailing stops that are available on TWS, IBKR Mobile, and the web-based Client Portal. IBKR Desktop does support special stops, however, such as market if touched. </li> <li>Conditional orders, including OTO, or one triggers the other orders; <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/oco.asp" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">OCO, or one cancels the other</a> orders; and <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/order-triggers-two-ott-5207384" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">OTT, or one triggers two orders</a>, are all available on TWS, IBKR Mobile, and the Client Portal. </li> <li>Options orders, including the ability to automatically set up multi-leg options strategies, are available on the platforms geared towards advanced users.</li> </ul> <div id="mntl-sc-block_65-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-trading-technology"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_66-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Trading Technology </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_67-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR has some of the best technology in the brokerage industry. It was one of the first companies to incorporate computer technology into its platforms, and it continues to stay on top of the innovation curve. Examples of IBKR’s strong trading technology include its order routing system, which finds the most cost-effective way to execute each leg of a transaction in a way that maximizes value for the customer. Customers on IBKR Pro also have the ability to control the routing of their own orders. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_68-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_69-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Other trading technology available at IBKR includes support for <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fractionalshare.asp" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">fractional share trading</a>, the ability to choose tax lots, and tax loss harvesting, which allows account holders to maximize the value of potential tax losses and gains in their accounts while being mindful of how wash sales rules will impact tax harvesting.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="101"></span> Additional advanced trading tools at IBKR include the ability to stage orders, automated and algorithmic trading strategies, a probability lab for looking at options in a less mathematically intense way, and Scale Trader, which helps execute large volume orders in a way that minimizes the impact of deteriorating prices. There are also options and foreign exchange interfaces for optimizing your trading.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="102"></span> IBKR also offers paper trading, but one feature not present on IBKR is the ability to back-test trading strategies. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_70-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-costs"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_71-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Costs </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_72-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Interactive Brokers has more than one commission schedule for U.S. equity and ETF trading. The company offers two different commission fee structures: IBKR Pro Tiered and IBKR Pro Fixed. The tiered plan charges different commission rates as monthly trading volume increases, and the fixed plan is a fixed commission of $0.005 per share. IBKR Pro customers can also trade certain no-transaction-fee ETFs on the platform without paying a commission. IBKR also has tiered and fixed commission schedules for Canadian and Mexican stocks. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_73-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_74-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> The other plan for U.S. equities and ETFs, for U.S. residents only, is called IBKR Lite, and this plan mirrors other brokerage companies’ commission-free models. With IBKR Lite, the trader gives up the right to route their own trades, allowing IBKR to provide execution and generate payment for order flow revenue in lieu of customer commissions. Other trading vehicles at IBKR are priced the same for all customers. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_75-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_76-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Here is a breakdown of costs at IBKR: </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_77-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_78-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> <li><strong>U.S. Stocks and ETFs - IBKR Lite</strong>: No commissions, but still need to pay regulatory fees</li><li><strong>U.S. Stocks and ETFs - IBKR Pro Fixed</strong>: Fixed commission of $0.005, with a minimum commission of $0.35 and a maximum commission of 1% of trade value. These customers also pay regulatory fees.</li><li><strong>U.S. Stocks and ETFs - IBKR Pro Tiered</strong>: Commission schedule ranges from $0.0035/share up to 300,000 shares traded per month; then $0.0020 up to 3 million shares traded; $0.0015 to 20 million shares; $0.0010 up to 100 million shares; then just $0.0005/share. IBKR Pro Tiered customers also pay regulatory, exchange, clearing, and pass-through fees. The minimum commission per trade is $0.35, and the maximum commission per order is 1% of the trade value.</li><li><strong>U.S. Options - IBKR Lite</strong>: Fixed rate of $0.65/contract, with a minimum commission of $1 per order</li><li><strong>U.S. Options - IBKR Pro</strong>: Tiered pricing structure that also adjusts based on the cost of the option, plus exchange, clearing, regulatory, and transaction fees. For monthly trading volume of less than 10,000 option contracts, the rate is $0.25/share for options with a premium less than $0.05; then $0.50/contract for options priced from $0.05 to $0.10/contract; and $0.65/contract if the premium is $0.10 or higher. The next tier for U.S. options trading is between 10,000 and 50,000 contracts traded, where the commission is $0.25/contract if the premium is less than $0.05, and $0.50 if the premium is more than $0.05. After this, the commission is $0.25/contract up to 100,000 contracts traded, and $0.15/contract after 100,000 contracts have been traded. </li><span class="mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline"></span><li><strong>Futures and Options on Futures Contracts (standard contracts)</strong>: Priced on either a fixed or tiered commission schedule. The fixed schedule is $0.85/contract, plus exchange and regulatory fees, while the tiered commission schedule starts at $0.85/contract if fewer than 1,000 contracts are traded; then $0.65/contract up to 10,000 contracts; $0.45/contract to 20,000 contracts traded; and $0.25 after 20,000 contracts. </li><li><strong>Futures and Options on Futures Contracts (E-micro contracts)</strong>: Contract breakpoints are at 1,000, 10,000, and 20,000, with corresponding commission rates of $0.25, $0.20, $0.15, and $0.10 per contract, respectively.</li><li><strong>Futures and Options on Futures Contracts (CME cryptocurrency futures and futures options)</strong>: There are tiered and fixed commission rate options, and rates vary by contract and cryptocurrency, with rates as follows: Bitcoin: standard futures and options on futures have a $5/contract commission; Bitcoin micro futures are $2.25 per contract; and Bitcoin micro futures options cost $1.25/contract. Ethereum charges are $3/contract for standard contracts; $0.20/contract for Ethereum micro contracts; and $0.10 for Ethereum micro futures and options.</li><span class="mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline"></span><li><strong>Event Contracts (traded on the CME)</strong>: The commission is $0.10/contract for the tiered and the fixed option, with tiered customers paying overnight position fees in addition to exchange and regulatory fees. </li><li><strong>Spot Currencies</strong>: Breakpoints are $1 billion; $2 billion; and $5 billion in USD notional value traded. The corresponding commission rates are determined by multiplying the trade value by the commission rates, which are 0.20 basis points (bp); 0.15 bp; 0.10 bp; and 0.08 bp, respectively.</li><li><strong>Cryptocurrency</strong>: If monthly trading value is less than 100,000, 0.18% times the trade value. The commission rate reduces to 0.15% time trade value for trading volume from 100,000 to 1,000,000, then to 0.12%. For all tier levels, there is a minimum commission per order of $1.75, and a maximum commission of 1% of trade value.</li><li><strong>Spot Gold (London)</strong>: Orders below $500,000 pay a commission of 1.5 bp times the trade value. The commission is 1 bp from $500,000 to $1 million, and 0.7 bp for trades in excess of $1 million. The minimum per order is $2 for tier 1 trades. </li><span class="mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline"></span><li><strong>Spot Silver (London)</strong>: Orders below $250,000 pay a commission of 3 bp times the trade value. The commission is 2 bps from $250,000 to $500,000 and 0.7 bp for trades in excess of $500,000. The minimum per order is $2 for tier 1 trades. The pricing page also lists the storage and transportation costs associated with physical metals trading.</li><li><strong>Bonds (Corporate & CDs)</strong>: Commission is 10 bps times face value for the first $10,000, then 2.5 bps for any additional face value of bonds. For the first $10,000 in face value, the minimum commission is $1, and the maximum is the lesser of % of trade value.</li><li><strong>Bonds (Municipal)</strong>: Commission is 5 bps times face value for the first $10,000, then 1.25 bps for any additional face value of bonds. For the first $10,000 in face value, the minimum commission is $1, and the maximum is the lesser of 1% of trade value.</li><li><strong>Bonds (U.S. Treasury Bills, Notes, and Bonds)</strong>: Commission is 0.2 bps times face value for the first $1 million, then 0.01 bps for any additional face value of bonds. There is a minimum commission of $5 for the first $1 million in face value and $5 for additional face value.</li><span class="mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline"></span><li><strong>Mutual Funds</strong>: There are no transaction fees for thousands of funds on the IBKR platform. IBKR’s transaction fee for other mutual funds is the lesser of 3% times the trade value, or $14.95, per transaction.</li><li><strong>Trade Desk broker-assisted trading</strong>: For U.S. equities, options, futures, and futures options. The commission for stocks and ETFs is $0.01/share, with a minimum commission of $100, plus exchange, clearing, and regulatory fees. For options on U.S. equities, the commission is $0.95/contract, with a minimum commission of $95, plus exchange, clearing, regulatory, and transaction fees. The rate for futures is $3.00/contract, with a $300 minimum, and futures options cost $1/contract with a minimum per-order commission of $300.<br/></li><li><strong>Margin Rates</strong>: Based on a tiered system, with account size breakpoints at less than $100,000; up to $1 million; to $50 million; to $200 million, and greater than $200 million. Corresponding margin rates for these tiers on IBKR Pro are 6.08%; 5.58%; 5.33%; 5.08%; and 5.08% again. The same breakpoints are used for IBKR Lite margin calculations, but currently, the margin rate for all IBKR Lite customers is 7.08%, regardless of account size. This is 2.5% over IBKR’s base rate. The IBKR Pro margin rate spread narrows as account size grows larger. The current IBKR base margin rate is currently 5.08%. This means margin rates decline for larger accounts with IBKR Pro, not on IBKR Lite.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="104"></span></li><span class="mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline"></span><li><strong>Interest paid on cash</strong>: This is not a cost, but it illustrates that IBKR’s interest rate is very fair, at 4.08% for IBKR Pro accounts with at least $10,000 (just 0.5% less than IBKR’s base rate). IBKR Lite accounts with $10,000 or more in cash receive 3.08% on their cash, which is 1.5% below the base rate. These are generous interest rates for idle cash, considering some brokers don’t pay anything to customers who have excess cash in their accounts. IBKR’s rate is fantastic when compared to the less than 0.01% currently offered at E*Trade and 0.10% at Schwab.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="105"></span></li><li>IBKR does not charge inactivity, minimum balance, or account closing fees.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="103"></span><br/></li> </ul> <div id="mntl-sc-block_79-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_80-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block "><iframe id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_3-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" allow="encrypted-media 'src'" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/ZsHry/2/" allowfullscreen="false" frameborder="0" title="4"></iframe></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_81-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-this-broker-makes-money-from-you-and-for-you"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_82-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How This Broker Makes Money From You and For You </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_83-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR generates income in many ways, but its primary revenue stream is from commissions paid by traders on their trading. Although IBKR offers customers low commissions, the large volume of trading through its platform still generates substantial commission revenue. IBKR also generates revenue through payment for order flow related to the orders it executes from its non-commission-paying IBKR Lite customers. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_84-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_85-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Interest income is also an important revenue generator for IBKR. The interest income for IBKR comes from two primary sources. One is the difference between the margin lending rates the customer pays and the rate at which they borrow funds. IBKR also pays interest to customers on excess cash balances in accounts, but IBKR does not pay interest to customers on the first $10,000 if the account has a balance of less than $100,000, and lower balance accounts also receive lower interest rates from IBKR. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_86-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_87-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR also helps generate additional income for its customers through sharing revenue generated from <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/securitieslending.asp" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">securities lending</a>, where IBKR uses customer securities for securities lending operations. This entails IBKR using, with permission, a customer’s stocks for the purpose of lending them to a short seller. IBKR shares the revenue generated from securities lending with the account owner that lent IBKR the securities. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_88-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_89-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> The remaining ways IBKR helps customers make money is through price improvement through efficient order routing, as well as through <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfolio-margin.asp" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">portfolio margining</a>, which may allow a user to lower their margin rate because of a portfolio’s overall risk. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_90-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-account-and-research-amenities"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_91-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Account and Research Amenities </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_92-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> As a well-established leader in providing technology tools and solutions for top traders, IBKR delivers to its customers when it comes to offering multiple account and research amenities traders and investors may want to incorporate into their analysis and trading. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_93-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_94-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Stock and ETF Screener </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_95-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR has a very robust stock and ETF screener, especially the one on TWS. There are multiple filters that can be used to identify stocks that meet your criteria from hundreds of different fundamental and technical indicators. IBKR’s stock screeners can be customized and saved for later use, the screener results can be turned into a watch list, and you can generate an order ticket directly from the stock screen list. All clients, including IBKR Lite clients, can use the stock screeners on TWS. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_96-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_97-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Mutual Fund Screener </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_98-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR has a mutual fund screener. As with the stock screener, the TWS version is the most robust, but there is also a mutual fund screener on the Client Portal that allows you to look for funds with criteria such as if there are commissions charged, specific fund families, as well as fund type, such as alternatives, balanced, bond, commodity, equity, mixed investments, and money markets. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_99-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_100-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Options Screener </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_101-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> The options screener can help traders identify potential options trades based on their criteria, which could include specific sectors, or quantitative measurements related to implied volatility, open interest, trading volume, or other traits the trader can define. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_102-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_103-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Fixed Income Screener </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_104-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR’s Bond Search Tool allows users to find specific bonds by CUSIP, or by category, such as global corporate bonds, U.S. CDs, U.S. Treasuries, and non-sovereign bonds. Further filtering is available for industry, country of issuer, and for high-yield or investment-grade securities. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_105-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_106-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Tools and Calculators </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_107-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR offers multiple tools and calculators for traders to identify opportunities and manage positions. The options analysis tools help traders identify which option best fits their market viewpoint. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_108-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_109-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Charting </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_110-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR offers robust charting on its platforms, even though it can be challenging to use charting on small-screen mobile devices. However, users can view charts that, unlike many other online brokerage platforms, are dynamic and support the drawing of multiple studies and indicators. In addition, traders can initiate trades directly from charts, and current orders, such as limit or stop loss orders, will be displayed on charts. IBKR charting, especially on their mobile platform, is better than most online broker offerings. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_111-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_112-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Trading Idea Generators </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_113-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR has technology that can take your market expectations and suggest specific trading ideas. Users can choose sectors and other criteria for a trade, and the idea generator will look for potential trading opportunities. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_114-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_115-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block "><iframe id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_4-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" allow="encrypted-media 'src'" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/fTilg/4/" allowfullscreen="false" frameborder="0" title="5"></iframe></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_116-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_117-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> News </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_118-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> There are dozens of different news sources available on IBKR. Some of these services are free, while others, such as Dow Jones News, require payment to access their services. In some instances, such as news site Benzinga, some content is free, and other information is behind a paywall. In many instances, you can get free trials for the different services offered. The site also contains content that shares market insights, research, newsletters, and other information. Some of the content is bundled, so there are opportunities to find a package that may meet your needs. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_119-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_120-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Third-Party Research </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_121-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR does not provide any proprietary research on the markets to its customers. Instead, the company has a platform with hundreds of research reports and other content available. Like the news on IBKR, there are many possibilities. There is a helpful page that has news, research, and analysis content, which has sorting buttons for research, news, events, and alternative data; third-party tools; and the ability to view free and bundled services. Under “research” on this page, you can further sort content by fundamental, technical, ratings, macro research, quantitative, events, and media.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="106"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_122-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_123-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Cash Management </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_124-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR is not a bank and does not offer checking accounts or bill-payment services. However, in addition to paying a nice interest rate to customers with cash balances in excess of $10,000, IBKR has a cash sweep offering for IBKR Pro users that takes cash in excess of $250,000 and invests it in various banks in a way that ensures all principal is protected because deposits are spread out over multiple accounts at multiple banks, with each deposit being for less than $250,000 to ensure all principal is FDIC-insured. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_125-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_126-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Fractional Dividend Reinvestment Plan </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_127-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> For accounts that have fractional share permissions, IBKR allows customers to receive fractional shares for a reinvested dividend through the Dividend Reinvestment Program (DRIP). </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_128-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-portfolio-analysis"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_129-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Portfolio Analysis </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_130-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR has developed advanced tools for portfolio analysis that allow investors to see the entire performance of their portfolio, including assets not held at IBKR. PortfolioAnalyst is a free service that allows reporting and historical aggregation. PortfolioAnalyst has 250,000 active users in 27 currencies. PortfolioAnalyst lets investors link their checking, investment, savings, credit cards, mortgage, and student loans to help them better understand their personal financial situation. The data is used to create helpful analytics such as portfolio returns and risk information, reviews of asset classes and geographical distribution, and even a consolidated <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/environmental-social-and-governance-esg-criteria.asp" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">environmental, social, and governance (ESG)</a> rating of your portfolio. This powerful software, which also has a retirement planner feature, is available for free.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="107"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_131-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_132-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block"><div id="mntl-sc-block_133-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-advisorinsight" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" data-tracking-container="true"><h3 id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block"></h3> <div id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block"><p><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/individual-investors-shaken-not-deterred-by-recent-volatility-8694986" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Investopedia's latest Reader Survey</a> shows that, despite concerns about the election, inflation, and extended valuations, individual stocks remain survey respondents' the top investment choice if they had an extra $10,000 to spend.</p></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_134-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block "><iframe id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_5-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" allow="encrypted-media 'src'" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/04weX/1/" allowfullscreen="false" frameborder="0" title="Readers Would Invest An Extra $10K Into Stocks"></iframe></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_135-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-education"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_136-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Education </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_137-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> As mentioned earlier in this article, providing educational offerings for customers is important to Interactive Brokers, and the company has put a lot of effort into creating resources for its users. Traders can sign up for one of the newsletters available on the Trader’s Academy, which has courses and content for beginner, intermediate, and advanced traders about how to use IBKR platforms and about markets and how to trade them. Coinciding with the launch of IBKR Desktop in February 2024, IBKR developed a free IBKR Desktop Trading Course which features 10 lessons on how traders can use the platform. Additional content in the education section includes financial courses (Trader’s Academy); quant articles, finance webinars, market podcasts, a student trading lab, and a trader’s glossary. Since the IBKR Desktop platform is geared towards traders who don’t need all of the power of IBKR Pro (TWS), this further shows IBKR’s commitment to growing the ranks of its non-professional trading customers. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_138-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-customer-service"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_139-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Customer Service </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_140-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR provides customer service by email, live chat, and 24/7 phone support. In addition, the company has developed an AI-powered IBot, available throughout the IBKR platform infrastructure, that can often answer user questions by bringing users to online resources. Customers also have access to an extensive FAQ page. Brokers are available to help with trades for a premium cost. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_141-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_142-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> In the past, IBKR has not been particularly good regarding phone wait times, but the company is trying to improve in this area. This is important if IBKR continues to bring in less sophisticated customers who may not be as self-sufficient as high-volume institutional traders, so the company will likely continue making investments to improve its customer service delivery. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_143-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-security-and-reliability"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_144-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Security and Reliability </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_145-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR’s authentication system and security exceed those in place at other brokers. IBKR utilizes two-factor authentication and biometric security, as well as unique codes the user controls. Further, IBKR’s real-time risk management system includes protective liquidations of customer positions to protect other clients’ capital. Another reassuring feature is that IBKR does not make proprietary bets, so it is much less likely to have a catastrophic blowup that negatively impacts customer accounts. IBKR also segregates the amount of cash and securities owned by clients daily, with an additional buffer of cash. IBKR was the first broker-dealer approved by FINRA to calculate and apply this reserve method daily, where the industry standard is weekly or monthly. Also, while SIPC protects accounts for up to $500,000 (with a cash sublimit of $250,000), IBKR also has supplemental insurance with Lloyd’s of London. Finally, there have been no significant data breaches at IBKR in the past four years, rounding out a positive report on IBKR’s security and reliability.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="108"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_146-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-transparency"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_147-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Transparency </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_148-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR maintains multiple platforms and supports trading a wide range of products and services around the world. Its business is complex and there is a great deal of information and a steep learning curve to fully understand all of its technology and tools. But the firm is transparent about its products and services and the various costs and commissions associated with them. The company shows the commissions for each product and fully discloses how it makes money through payment for order flow on accounts using IBKR Lite, where stocks and ETFs can be traded commission-free. IBKR even clearly lists the various exchange, clearing, and pass-through fee schedules. There have, however, been some regulatory issues reported over the past few years, including: </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_149-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_150-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> <li>IBKR was charged a $3.5 million penalty in December 2023 from FINRA related to multiple alleged violations of the rules related to supervision and execution. Part of the complaint included the potential that its routing logic for IBKR Lite accounts resulted in a lack of best execution for clients, but FINRA’s order stated that remedial steps had already been taken by IBKR to address those issues.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="109"></span></li><li>IBKR, in October 2023, agreed to pay $35 million in penalties to the SEC and $20 million to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) for problems related to improper recordkeeping. As part of the settlement, IBKR also agreed to retain independent compliance consultants. <span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="110"></span></li><li>These penalties followed a $15 million fine IBKR received from FINRA in August 2020 for problems with the company’s anti-money laundering (AML) program over a five-year period.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="111"></span></li> </ul> <div id="mntl-sc-block_151-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-available-account-types"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_152-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Available Account Types </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_153-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR offers a wide selection of account types that should fit just about any situation. Individual, joint, UGMA/UTMA, and retirement accounts are all available at IBKR.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="112"></span> Retirement account types that can be opened at IBKR include traditional IRA, traditional rollover; traditional inherited, Roth IRA, Roth IRA inherited, simplified employee pension (SEP), and Savings Investment Match Plan for Employees (Simple IRA).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="113"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_154-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_155-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Beyond these account types, IBKR also offers multiple other account types, including for non-professional advisors, family offices, small businesses, advisors, money managers, Broker & Futures Commission Merchants (FCM), proprietary trading groups, hedge fund and mutual funds, compliance officers, administrators, and institutional hedge fund investors.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="112"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_156-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_157-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_158-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Interactive Brokers has been one of the leading brokerage firms for institutional and high-volume traders for decades. Its low (or no) commission and margin rates, along with its unbeatable reach to different markets around the world and the different types of trading vehicles that can be traded on a single platform in real time, are staggering. Also, IBKR’s trading technology and tools are all top class, and clients can access news, third-party research, and IBKR-built tools, such as screeners and reports, interactive charting with drawing tools, and the ability to trade any and all of these markets on a single platform with a safe single sign-on. This is impressive, and why IBKR has been our top choice for best online brokers for professionals for many years now. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_159-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_160-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Adding to its impressive platform and technology capabilities is IBKR’s strong commitment to improving the IBKR experience for beginners and intermediate traders and investors. In addition to delivering new desktop and mobile platforms geared towards a less sophisticated trader, it has also backed up its commitment to lower-volume traders by creating educational tools to help people better understand markets, how to trade, and how to use the IBKR platform efficiently. It seems IBKR is now an excellent choice for traders at any level. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_161-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-compare-interactive-brokers-to-similar-online-brokers"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_162-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Compare Interactive Brokers to Similar Online Brokers </span> </h2> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_163-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup style="" span="1"></colgroup> <colgroup style="" span="1"></colgroup> <colgroup style="" span="1"></colgroup> <colgroup style="" span="1"></colgroup> <colgroup style="" span="1"></colgroup> <colgroup style="" span="1"></colgroup> <colgroup style="" span="1"></colgroup> <colgroup style="" span="1"></colgroup> <colgroup style="" span="1"></colgroup> <tbody data-check="-1"> <tr> <td><b>Broker</b></td> <td><b>Star Rating</b></td> <td><b>Minimum Deposit</b></td> <td><b>Stock Trades</b></td> <td><b>Per Contract Options</b></td> <td><b>Max Option Legs</b></td> <td><b>Number of No-Load Mutual Funds</b></td> <td><b>Fractional Share Trading of Stocks</b></td> <td><b>New Spot Bitcoin & Ethereum ETFs</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/bridge-8656049?vendor=fidelity" class="null" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="noopener noreferrer">Fidelity Investments</a></td> <td>4.8</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.65</td> <td>4</td> <td>3396</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://www.schwab.com/" class="null" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="noopener noreferrer sponsored nofollow">Charles Schwab</a></td> <td>4.7</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.65</td> <td>4</td> <td>14,900</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia102a&url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php" class="null" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="noopener noreferrer sponsored nofollow">Interactive Brokers</a></td> <td>4.7</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.65</td> <td>6</td> <td>19,000+</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </figure> <div id="mntl-sc-block_164-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-interactive-brokers"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_165-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is Interactive Brokers? </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_166-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Interactive Brokers, a publicly traded company, is one of the earliest online brokerage platforms. It has been known as one of the most popular online brokers for sophisticated, high volume, and institutional traders because of the tremendous breadth of the markets around the world that it makes available to its customers, as well as having a very strong trading technology platform that allows investors to identify opportunities and manage positions with precision. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_167-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-interactive-brokers-right-for-you"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_168-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Is Interactive Brokers Right for You? </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_169-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> IBKR has been and continues to be the platform of choice for sophisticated and high-volume traders who want total control over their order routing, the ability to execute and manage trades with precision, and strong analytical tools. Today, however, following IBKR’s significant investment in platforms to support newer and less-seasoned traders, IBKR has complemented its market position by adding a strong set of platforms and interfaces to meet the needs of this other class of traders and investors. This makes IBKR a viable option for nearly anyone looking to open an online trading account. Those planning to trade on margin will likely find IBKR’s margin rates very attractive relative to other platforms. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_170-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-we-picked-the-best-online-brokers-and-trading-platforms"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_171-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How We Picked the Best Online Brokers and Trading Platforms </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_172-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Providing readers with unbiased, comprehensive reviews of online brokers and trading platforms is a top priority for Investopedia. We combined our industry research, subject matter expertise, and investor survey data to guide the research and weightings for our 2024 online broker awards. To collect the data, we sent a digital survey with 110 questions to each of the 26 companies we included in our rubric. Additionally, our team of researchers verified the survey responses and collected any missing data points through online research and conversations with each company directly. The data collection process spanned from Feb. 19 to March 19, 2024. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_173-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_174-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> We then developed a proprietary model that scored each company to rate its performance across 11 major categories and 89 criteria to find the best online brokers and trading platforms. The score for each company’s overall star rating is a weighted average of the criteria in the following categories:<br/> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_175-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_176-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block "><iframe id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_6-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" allow="encrypted-media 'src'" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/hVT26/3/" allowfullscreen="false" frameborder="0" title="Broker Categories "></iframe></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_177-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_178-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Additionally, during our 2024 research, many of the companies we reviewed gave us live demonstrations of their platforms and services via video conferencing methods and also granted our team of expert writers and editors access to live accounts so they could perform hands-on testing. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_179-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_180-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Through this all-encompassing data collection and review process, Investopedia has provided you with an unbiased and thorough review of the top online brokers and trading platforms. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_181-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_182-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Learn more about <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/broker-ranking-methodology-4587135" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">how we review online brokers</a>. </p> <div id="textnote-placeholder_1-0" class="comp textnote-placeholder mntl-block"></div> <div id="textnote_1-0" class="comp textnote mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt textnote "> <div id="textnote" class="wrapper" ></div> </div></div></div></article> <div id="article-sources_1-0" class="comp article-sources mntl-article-sources mntl-expandable-block" data-scroll-offset="100"><div class="loc toggle-content"><div id="mntl-article-sources__wrapper_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources__wrapper mntl-block article-sources__wrapper" data-click-tracked="true"><div id="mntl-article-sources__heading_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources__heading mntl-text-block article-sources__heading">Article Sources</div> <div id="mntl-article-sources__icon-wrapper_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources__icon-wrapper mntl-block article-sources__icon-wrapper"><div id="article-sources__show-icon_1-0" class="comp article-sources__show-icon mntl-block"></div> <div id="article-sources__hide-icon_1-0" class="comp article-sources__hide-icon mntl-block"></div></div></div> </div><div class="loc expandable-content"> <div id="article-sources__disclaimer_1-0" class="comp article-sources__disclaimer mntl-block">Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy" rel="nocaes" id="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link_1-0" class="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">editorial policy.</span></a></div> <div id="mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1 mntl-citation-sources mntl-sources" data-tracking-container="true"> <ol class="mntl-sources__content"> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-114"><p>Business Wire. "<a href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240401390879/en/Interactive-Brokers-Group-Reports-Brokerage-Metrics-and-Other-Financial-Information-for-March-2024-includes-Reg.-NMS-Execution-Statistics" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">Interactive Brokers Group Reports Brokerage Metrics and Other Financial Information for March 2024 includes Reg. NMS Execution Statistics.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-83"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/accounts/institutions.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">The Professional's Gateway to the World's Markets</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-84"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/general/about/about.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">About the Interactive Brokers Group.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-85"><p>Intreractive Brokers. "<a href="https://investors.interactivebrokers.com/ir/main.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">IBKR Offers</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-86"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/smart_routing.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Dedicated to Best Price Execution</a>." </p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-87"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/trading-platforms.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Getting Started at IBKR.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-88"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/pricing/commissions-stocks.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Commissions</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-89"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://investors.interactivebrokers.com/en/general/about/mediaRelations/2-28-24.php" class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Interactive Brokers Unveils Next-Generation Trading Platform: IBKR Desktop</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-90"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/short-securities-availability.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Short Securities Available.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-91"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/products-options.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Powerful Tools for Advanced Options Trading Worldwide.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-92"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/products-stocks.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) and Exchange-Traded Products (ETPs)</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-93"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/lib/cstools/faq/#/content/23299042" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">How Do I Trade U.S. Penny Stocks?</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-94"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/pricing/commissions-metals.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Commissions: Metals</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-95"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/products-mutual-funds.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">The Mutual Fund Marketplace: More Funds = More Opportunities.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-96"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/products-spot-currencies.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Trade Global Currencies With Direct Access to Interbank Quotes</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-97"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/products-spot-currencies.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Trade Crypto for Less Coin.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-98"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/pricing/commissions-bonds.php?re=amer" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Bonds.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-99"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://eventtrader.interactivebrokers.com/en/home.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Limit Your Risk With a Different Way to Trade Futures</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-100"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/accounts/non-professional-advisor.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Non-Professional Advisors</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-101"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/fif-tax-loss-harvesting.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Advisor Tools: Tax Loss Harvesting.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-102"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/?f=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Ftrading_technology.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Trading Platforms</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-104"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/margin-rates.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Margin Rates and Financing.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-105"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/accounts/fees/pricing-interest-rates.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Pricing: Interest Rates.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-103"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/pricing/commissions-home.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Commissions: Minimize Your Costs to Maximize Your Returns</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-106"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/pricing/research-news-services.php#free_tab" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Get Real-Time Access to Comprehensive Research, News, and Analysis</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-107"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.portfolioanalyst.com/en/about.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">PortfolioAnalyst</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-108"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/general/security-investor-protection.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Strength and Security: Client Protection.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-109"><p>Finance Feeds. "<a href="https://financefeeds.com/finra-fines-interactive-brokers-3-5m-for-best-execution-violations/" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">FINRA Fines Interactive Brokers $3.5M for Best Execution Violations</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-110"><p>CT Insider. "<a href="https://www.ctinsider.com/business/article/greenwich-interactive-brokers-settlements-cftc-sec-18402728.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">Greenwich-Based Interactive Brokers to Pay $55 Million to Settle SEC and CFTC Charges</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-111"><p>FINRA. "<a href="https://www.finra.org/media-center/newsreleases/2020/finra-fines-interactive-brokers-15-million-widespread-aml-failures" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">FINRA Fines Interactive Brokers $15 Million for Widespread AML Failures</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-112"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/accounts/account-guide.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Guide to Choosing the Right Account.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-113"><p>Interactive Brokers. "<a href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/ira-information.php" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow sponsored">IRA Account Information.</a>"</p></li> </ol> </div> </div></div></div> </main><div id="footer_1-0" class="comp footer mntl-block mntl-footer" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="l-container_1-0" class="comp l-container mntl-block"><div id="footer__top_1-0" class="comp footer__top mntl-block"><div id="footer__left_1-0" class="comp footer__left mntl-block"><a id="footer__logo_1-0" class="comp footer__logo linked-logo mntl-block" rel="home" href="/" aria-label="Investopedia Homepage"><svg class="icon inv-logo-inverted " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#inv-logo-inverted" href="#inv-logo-inverted"></use> </svg></a> <div id="social-follow--footer_1-0" class="comp social-follow--footer social-follow mntl-social-nav" data-tracking-container="true"> <ul class="social-nav__list"> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Investopedia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--facebook" aria-label="Visit Investopedia's Facebook" > <svg class="icon icon-facebook social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-facebook" href="#icon-facebook"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--x"> <a href="https://twitter.com/investopedia" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--x" aria-label="Visit Investopedia's X" > <svg class="icon icon-x social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-x" href="#icon-x"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--instagram"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/investopedia/?hl=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--instagram" aria-label="Visit Investopedia's Instagram" > <svg class="icon icon-instagram social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-instagram" href="#icon-instagram"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--linkedin"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/investopedia-ulc" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--linkedin" aria-label="Visit Investopedia's LinkedIn" > <svg class="icon icon-linkedin social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-linkedin" href="#icon-linkedin"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--newsletter"> <a href="/investopedia-newsletter-opt-in-7095821" rel="nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--newsletter" aria-label="Visit Investopedia's Newsletter" > <svg class="icon icon-newsletter social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-newsletter" href="#icon-newsletter"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <a id="truste-badge_1-0" class="comp truste-badge mntl-truste-badge mntl-block" href="//privacy.truste.com/privacy-seal/validation?rid=f8e1238d-6371-460f-8ea0-1b8cad9e9c4b" data-tracking-container="true" aria-label="Access TRUSTe's Enterprise Privacy Certification program" target="_blank"><img id="badge-image_1-0" class="comp badge-image mntl-block lazyload" data-src="//privacy-policy.truste.com/privacy-seal/seal?rid=f8e1238d-6371-460f-8ea0-1b8cad9e9c4b" alt="TRUSTe" width="142" height="49"></img></a></div> <ul id="footer-links_1-0" class="comp footer-links footer-links__list"> <li class="footer-links__item"><a href="/about-us-5093223" rel="nocaes" data-type="ourStory" data-ordinal="1" class="footer-links__link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" >About Us</a></li> <li class="footer-links__item"><a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com/brands-termsofservice" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener nocaes" data-type="termsOfService" data-ordinal="1" class="footer-links__link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" >Terms of Service</a></li> <li class="footer-links__item"><a href="/financial-term-dictionary-4769738" rel="nocaes" data-type="editorialGuidelines" data-ordinal="1" class="footer-links__link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" >Dictionary</a></li> <li class="footer-links__item"><a href="/legal-4768893#editorial-policy" rel="nocaes" data-type="editorialGuidelines" data-ordinal="1" class="footer-links__link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" >Editorial Policy</a></li> <li class="footer-links__item"><a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com/advertising" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener nocaes" data-type="advertise" data-ordinal="1" class="footer-links__link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" >Advertise</a></li> <li class="footer-links__item"><a href="/news-4427706" rel="nocaes" data-type="advertise" data-ordinal="1" class="footer-links__link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" >News</a></li> <li class="footer-links__item"><a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com/brands-privacy" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener nocaes" data-type="privacyPolicy" data-ordinal="1" class="footer-links__link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" >Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="footer-links__item"><a href="https://invcontent.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/requests/new" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nocaes" data-type="contact" data-ordinal="1" class="footer-links__link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" >Contact Us</a></li> <li class="footer-links__item"><a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com/careers" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" data-type="careersAtDotDash" data-ordinal="1" class="footer-links__link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" >Careers</a></li> </ul></div> <div id="footer__middle_1-0" class="comp footer__middle mntl-block"><div id="terms-bar_1-0" class="comp terms-bar mntl-block terms-bar--footer" data-tracking-container="true"><ul id="terms-bar__list_1-0" class="comp terms-bar__list mntl-block"><li id="terms-bar__item_1-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-1"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-num-4769350" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_1-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">#</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_2-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-a"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-a-4769351" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_2-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">A</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_3-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-b"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-b-4769352" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_3-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">B</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_4-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-c"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-c-4769353" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_4-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">C</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_5-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-d"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-d-4769354" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_5-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">D</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_6-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-e"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-e-4769355" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_6-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">E</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_7-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-f"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-f-4769356" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_7-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">F</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_8-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-g"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-g-4769357" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_8-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">G</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_9-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-h"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-h-4769358" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_9-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">H</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_10-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-i"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-i-4769359" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_10-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">I</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_11-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-j"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-j-4769360" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_11-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">J</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_12-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-k"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-k-4769361" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_12-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">K</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_13-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-l"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-l-4769362" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_13-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">L</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_14-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-m"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-m-4769363" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_14-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">M</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_15-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-n"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-n-4769364" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_15-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">N</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_16-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-o"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-o-4769365" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_16-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">O</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_17-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-p"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-p-4769366" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_17-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">P</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_18-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-q"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-q-4769367" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_18-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Q</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_19-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-r"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-r-4769368" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_19-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">R</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_20-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-s"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-s-4769369" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_20-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">S</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_21-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-t"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-t-4769370" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_21-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">T</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_22-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-u"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-u-4769371" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_22-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">U</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_23-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-v"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-v-4769372" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_23-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">V</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_24-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-w"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-w-4769373" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_24-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">W</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_25-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-x"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-x-4769374" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_25-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">X</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_26-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-y"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-y-4769375" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_26-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Y</span></a></li> <li id="terms-bar__item_27-0" class="comp terms-bar__item mntl-block" data-target-el=".letter-z"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms-beginning-with-z-4769376" rel="nocaes" id="terms-bar__link_27-0" class="terms-bar__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Z</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div> <div id="footer__bottom_1-0" class="comp footer__bottom mntl-block"><div id="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav_1-0" class="comp mntl-dotdash-universal-nav" data-tracking-container="true"> <div class="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__content"> <svg class="icon mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__logo " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__logo" href="#mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__logo"></use> </svg> <div class="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__text"> Investopedia is part of the <a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" class="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__text--link" >Dotdash Meredith</a> publishing family. </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><svg class="is-hidden"> <defs> <symbol id="mntl-sc-block-starrating-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"> <path d="M0,0v20h20V0H0z M14.2,12.2l1.1,6.3l-5.4-3.2l-5.1,3.2l1-6.3L1.4,8l5.9-0.8l2.6-5.8l2.7,5.8L18.5,8L14.2,12.2z"/> </svg> </symbol> </defs> </svg><script type="text/javascript" data-glb-js="bottom" src="/static/2.168.0/cache/eNqVVFtypDAMvFBUHGJ_9xLCCKPEyKwtMo_TR-AhmRDGO6misCV1N7Jxu8mKyq4ZUTRQc4sCt7l5teffTOny0nwHWWFWDqxMGdqZg8KJdYCH6NEm8I7CISBkl2IIe5SL4xSFRHPDopQEQ9NRT2nhr5NE3RcpdnOgtcWA1wvgz9KdoKYz4IjXKIB9b42jEih6X9Qr5UqXX9DA8gaJTom1CD4oVcToXJbM18JZV_YjWRE4cefJRonKPTtD2WpaFCkdMd2CJyQGYj_onwHF01_OSovGUfJT607Eh9janxsIu5W1DEe4PqbR0IsMBsiEyQ278Ii29ThSzui3Re3CI6LgO_t1V25NgWXupv_h9HMIdm6JZOV9D5_YU40xKE_bWDtWsw4xwUZ43WdqvhltDxaG574Cy5pmp7PZCVw0q4muFkPFU8JpOt6_NkRnp7JnQXFkHoY1A9wnHOlRHo5Un-pIsV1uIwfr5DcdFeZxutJDi5mK6SaUbgEX4tGnMVnC6LcRcpyTo7yPK19zrMWiG3XxqJjJCbZSjd6x5zhARwEv1O3CCu_N7qRzeX8AOf1LFQ.min.js" async defer="true"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> Mntl.utilities.scriptsOnLoad(document.querySelectorAll('script[data-glb-js="bottom"]'), function() { var Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Trx.amazonAffiliateTagger.init( "investopedia-onsite-prod-20", "4587904", "n6110456028b140eabd61a16cca22456b16", false ); window.Mntl.affiliateLinkRewriter.setMappings( { DOC_ID: '4587904' ,SITE: 'investopedia' ,REQUEST_ID: 'n6110456028b140eabd61a16cca22456b16' } );window.Mntl.externalizeLinks.addPlugin(window.Mntl.affiliateLinkRewriter); window.Mntl.externalizeLinks.addPlugin(window?.Trx?.amazonAffiliateTagger); window.Mntl.externalizeLinks.init();(function(Mntl) { Mntl.utilities.onLoad(() => { Mntl.utilities.loadExternalJS({ src: '//s.skimresources.com/js/68756X1587684.skimlinks.js', async: true }); }); }(window.Mntl || {})); window.skimlinks_settings = {}; window.skimlinks_settings.skimlinks_tracking = "4587904|n6110456028b140eabd61a16cca22456b16"; window.addEventListener('readyForThirdPartyTracking', () => { (function(h, o, t, j, a, r) { h.hj = h.hj || function() { (h.hj.q = h.hj.q || []).push(arguments); }; h._hjSettings = { hjid: '2143930', hjsv: 6 }; Mntl.utilities.loadExternalJS({ src: t + h._hjSettings.hjid + j + h._hjSettings.hjsv, async: true }); })(window, document, 'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-', '.js?sv='); }); (function(Mntl) { Mntl.Tooltip.init({ defaultPositionX: "auto", defaultPositionY: "auto" }); })(window.Mntl || {}); (function(Mntl) { Mntl.Tooltip.init({ defaultPositionX: "auto", defaultPositionY: "auto" }); })(window.Mntl || {}); (function(Mntl) { Mntl.Tooltip.init({ defaultPositionX: "auto", defaultPositionY: "auto" }); })(window.Mntl || {}); (function(Mntl) { Mntl.Tooltip.init({ defaultPositionX: "auto", defaultPositionY: "auto" }); })(window.Mntl || {}); (function (Mntl) { Mntl.digioh = { script: null, brandId: null, initialized: false, init() { if (this.initialized) return; const brandId = 'e3542c25-d89b-481c-ac4f-44c01364706b'; const digiohFastActivation = 'false'; const lightboxJs = digiohFastActivation === 'true' ? '/lightbox_speed.js' : '/lightbox_inline.js'; // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-template const script = 'https://www.lightboxcdn.com/vendor/' + brandId + lightboxJs; this.brandId = brandId; this.script = script; this.initialized = true; }, load(callback) { this.init(); if (callback) { Mntl.utilities.loadExternalJS({ src: this.script }, callback); } else { Mntl.utilities.loadExternalJS({ src: this.script }); } } }; })(window.Mntl || {}); Mntl.digiohTimerDelay = parseFloat('30') * 1000; }); </script></body> </html>