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href="#Impact_of_deforestation_on_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Impact of deforestation on fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_of_deforestation_on_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Native animals of Borneo</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bornean_orangutan_(Pongo_pygmaeus),_Tanjung_Putting_National_Park_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bornean_orangutan_%28Pongo_pygmaeus%29%2C_Tanjung_Putting_National_Park_05.jpg/250px-Bornean_orangutan_%28Pongo_pygmaeus%29%2C_Tanjung_Putting_National_Park_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bornean_orangutan_%28Pongo_pygmaeus%29%2C_Tanjung_Putting_National_Park_05.jpg/375px-Bornean_orangutan_%28Pongo_pygmaeus%29%2C_Tanjung_Putting_National_Park_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bornean_orangutan_%28Pongo_pygmaeus%29%2C_Tanjung_Putting_National_Park_05.jpg/500px-Bornean_orangutan_%28Pongo_pygmaeus%29%2C_Tanjung_Putting_National_Park_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2973" data-file-height="4459" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bornean_orangutan" title="Bornean orangutan">Orangutan</a> (<i>Pongo pygmaeus</i>) is among the most iconic animals of Borneo and the flagship of rainforest conservation in South-East Asia.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> is the third largest island in the world. In <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric">prehistoric</a> times it was connected to the Asian mainland due to geological and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate changes</a>. During the recent <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice ages</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> separation from the mainland caused extinctions and speciation of fauna on the island. </p><p>The high complexity of the Bornean <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rain_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical rain forest">tropical rain forest</a> has created many niches that accommodate a rich diversity of fauna. Some fauna are specialised and some coexisted by having niche separation to avoid inter- and intra-specific competition within the same habitat. Ecological separation can be in the form of different feeding guilds, niche separation by stratification and different utilisation strategies by being diurnal or nocturnal. For example, vertebrate fauna (<a href="/wiki/Birds" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds">birds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">mammals</a>) can be defined into six communities based on vertical stratification of the rainforest. First, the small mammals and birds use the forest ground floor and underground. Second, the large herbivores and <a href="/wiki/Carnivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivorous">carnivorous</a> animals range the ground floor of the forest searching for food, shelter and breed. Third, <a href="/wiki/Omnivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnivorous">omnivorous</a> and carnivorous mammals range up and down tree trunk from <a href="/wiki/Forest_floor" title="Forest floor">forest floor</a> to the canopy level. Fourth, are mainly volant mammals such as bats and birds using the middle canopy. Fifth, are top canopy birds and mammals that feed on leaves, fruits, <a href="/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar">nectar</a> and insects. Sixth, are the fast flying birds and <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a> using the above canopy area. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invertebrates">Invertebrates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Borneo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Invertebrates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rama_rama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Rama_rama.jpg/100px-Rama_rama.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Rama_rama.jpg/150px-Rama_rama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Rama_rama.jpg/200px-Rama_rama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1844" data-file-height="1313" /></a><figcaption>Butterfly</figcaption></figure> <p>There are 639 species of ants, 81 genera and 8 subfamilies of the Formicidae in Poring Sabah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vertebrates">Vertebrates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Borneo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vertebrates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fish">Fish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Borneo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 274 species of freshwater fish and 149 are endemic to Borneo.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amphibians">Amphibians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Borneo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Amphibians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White-lipped_Frog_(Hylarana_raniceps)_(6748201045).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/White-lipped_Frog_%28Hylarana_raniceps%29_%286748201045%29.jpg/100px-White-lipped_Frog_%28Hylarana_raniceps%29_%286748201045%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/White-lipped_Frog_%28Hylarana_raniceps%29_%286748201045%29.jpg/150px-White-lipped_Frog_%28Hylarana_raniceps%29_%286748201045%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/White-lipped_Frog_%28Hylarana_raniceps%29_%286748201045%29.jpg/200px-White-lipped_Frog_%28Hylarana_raniceps%29_%286748201045%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Hylarana_raniceps" class="mw-redirect" title="Hylarana raniceps">Hylarana raniceps</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>There are at least 180 species of amphibians.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One notable species is the <a href="/wiki/Bornean_flat-headed_frog" title="Bornean flat-headed frog">Bornean flat-headed frog</a>, <i>Barbourula kalimantanensis</i>. This <a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">frog</a>, found in cold, fast-flowing mountain streams, was previously though to be the lungless, but subsequent examination revealed this was not the case.<sup id="cite_ref-Bickford2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bickford2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reptiles">Reptiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Borneo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reptiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cicak-Borneo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Cicak-Borneo.jpg/100px-Cicak-Borneo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Cicak-Borneo.jpg/150px-Cicak-Borneo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Cicak-Borneo.jpg/200px-Cicak-Borneo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1844" data-file-height="1298" /></a><figcaption>Lizard</figcaption></figure> <p>105 species of lizards, in 35 genera from 9 families, are now known from Borneo. The <a href="/wiki/Reticulated_python" title="Reticulated python">reticulated python</a> is the largest python in the world, and the longest snake in the world. This reptile can have a size of 6 metres (20 ft) or more. The longer snakes have a size of 10 metres (33 ft). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birds">Birds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Borneo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Birds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helmeted_Hornbill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Helmeted_Hornbill.jpg/100px-Helmeted_Hornbill.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Helmeted_Hornbill.jpg/150px-Helmeted_Hornbill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Helmeted_Hornbill.jpg/200px-Helmeted_Hornbill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="773" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Helmeted_Hornbill" class="mw-redirect" title="Helmeted Hornbill">Helmeted Hornbill</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Borneo has own a wide variety of bird species. The geological history of Borneo is a major factor: long isolation of the island, broken during the last <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice age</a>, when Borneo was connected to the continent of Asia, led to a combination of Asian and native species. There are about 420 species of birds and 37 are <a href="/wiki/Endemism_in_birds" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemism in birds">endemic</a> to Borneo<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mammals">Mammals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Borneo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mammals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Borneo" title="List of mammals of Borneo">List of mammals of Borneo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pygmy_Elephants_(Elephas_maximus_borneensis)_mother_and_baby_(8074148819).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Pygmy_Elephants_%28Elephas_maximus_borneensis%29_mother_and_baby_%288074148819%29.jpg/220px-Pygmy_Elephants_%28Elephas_maximus_borneensis%29_mother_and_baby_%288074148819%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Pygmy_Elephants_%28Elephas_maximus_borneensis%29_mother_and_baby_%288074148819%29.jpg/330px-Pygmy_Elephants_%28Elephas_maximus_borneensis%29_mother_and_baby_%288074148819%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Pygmy_Elephants_%28Elephas_maximus_borneensis%29_mother_and_baby_%288074148819%29.jpg/440px-Pygmy_Elephants_%28Elephas_maximus_borneensis%29_mother_and_baby_%288074148819%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Borneo elephant is endemic for the island</figcaption></figure> <p>The historical records of European association with Borneo and its fauna were compiled by <a href="/wiki/Gathorne_Gathorne-Hardy,_5th_Earl_of_Cranbrook" title="Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 5th Earl of Cranbrook">Lord Medway</a> that was published in 1977 by the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. There are 288 species of terrestrial mammals in Borneo which is dominated by the chiroptera (102 species of bats) and rodentia (61 species of rats and mice), and 44 species are endemic to the island. There have also been 91 species of <a href="/wiki/Marine_mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine mammals">marine mammals</a> recorded within the territorial boundaries of Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_of_deforestation_on_fauna">Impact of deforestation on fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Borneo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Impact of deforestation on fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the rapid and massive <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Borneo" title="Deforestation in Borneo">deforestation in Borneo</a> and resulting destruction of habitats many species are <a href="/wiki/Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered">endangered</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Bornean_orangutan" title="Bornean orangutan">Bornean orangutan</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Critically_endangered" title="Critically endangered">critically endangered</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Borneo_elephant" title="Borneo elephant">Borneo elephant</a>, such as the many species of birds and mammals, which are endemic for the island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Borneo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_tiger" title="Bornean tiger">Bornean tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_elephant" title="Borneo elephant">Borneo elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Borneo" title="Biodiversity of Borneo">Biodiversity of Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Borneo" title="Flora of Borneo">Flora of Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Endemic_fauna_of_Borneo" title="Category:Endemic fauna of Borneo">Category:Endemic fauna of Borneo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Borneo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>MacKinnon K, Hatta G, Halim H, Mangalik A.1998. <i>The ecology of Kalimantan</i>. Oxford University Press, London.</li> <li>Mayr. E. 1944. Wallace's line in the light of recent zoological studies. Quarterly Review of Biology 19:1-14.</li> <li>Medway L. 1971. The Quaternary mammals of Malesia: a review. In Quaternary era in Malaysia. P. Ashton and M. Ashton (eds).</li> <li>Medway L. 1977. Mammals of Borneo: field keys and an annotated checklist. Monographs of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society No.7. Kuala Lumpur.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nguyen, T.T.T., and S. S. De Silva (2006). "Freshwater Finfish Biodiversity and Conservation: An Asian Perspective", <i>Biodiversity & Conservation</i> 15(11): 3543–3568</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frogsofborneo.org/">"Frogs of Borneo"</a>. <i>frogsofborneo.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=frogsofborneo.org&rft.atitle=Frogs+of+Borneo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrogsofborneo.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFauna+of+Borneo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bickford2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bickford2008_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBickfordIskandar,_DjokoBarlian,_Anggraini2008" class="citation journal cs1">Bickford, David; Iskandar, Djoko; Barlian, Anggraini (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2008.03.010">"A lungless frog discovered on Borneo"</a>. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>18</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">R374 –</span> <span class="nowrap">R375</span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008CBio...18.R374B">2008CBio...18.R374B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2008.03.010">10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.010</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18424139">18424139</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1427952">1427952</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.atitle=A+lungless+frog+discovered+on+Borneo&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3ER374+-%3C%2Fspan%3E+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3ER375%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2008.03.010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1427952%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18424139&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008CBio...18.R374B&rft.aulast=Bickford&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Iskandar%2C+Djoko&rft.au=Barlian%2C+Anggraini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cub.2008.03.010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFauna+of+Borneo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="" style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color: #555;"> (Retracted, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2024.07.093">10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.093</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39096905">39096905</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKinnon,_K1998" class="citation book cs1">MacKinnon, K; et al. (1998). <i>The Ecology of Kalimantan</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecology+of+Kalimantan&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.au=MacKinnon%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFauna+of+Borneo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nguyen, T.T.T., and S. S. De Silva (2006). "Freshwater Finfish Biodiversity and Conservation: An Asian Perspective", <i>Biodiversity & Conservation</i> 15(11): 3543–3568</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Borneo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061003070010/http://www.arbec.com.my/lizards/intro.php">A guide to the lizards of Borneo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061005022948/http://www.arbec.com.my/crocodilesturtles/">Crocodiles and Turtles of Borneo</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>General</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070623030727/http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/msw/">Mammal Species of the World</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070510122827/http://www.itis.gov/index.html">Integrated Taxonomic Information System−ITIS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/tree/">Tree of Life</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Kalimantan" title="West Kalimantan">West Kalimantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Kalimantan" title="Central Kalimantan">Central Kalimantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kalimantan" title="South Kalimantan">South Kalimantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Kalimantan" title="East Kalimantan">East Kalimantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(city)" title="Nusantara (city)">Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Kalimantan" title="North Kalimantan">North Kalimantan</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eco-regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_lowland_rain_forests" title="Borneo lowland rain forests">Borneo lowland rain forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_montane_rain_forests" title="Borneo montane rain forests">Borneo montane rain forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_peat_swamp_forests" title="Borneo peat swamp forests">Borneo peat swamp forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinabalu_montane_alpine_meadows" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinabalu montane alpine meadows">Kinabalu montane alpine meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Borneo_freshwater_swamp_forests" title="Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests">Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundaland_heath_forests" title="Sundaland heath forests">Sundaland heath forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Shelf_mangroves" title="Sunda Shelf mangroves">Sunda Shelf mangroves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Borneo" title="Biodiversity of Borneo">Biodiversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Borneo" title="Flora of Borneo">Flora</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Borneo" title="List of mammals of Borneo">Mammals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geological_history_of_Borneo" title="Geological history of Borneo">Geological history of Borneo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sundaland" title="Sundaland">Sundaland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deforestation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Borneo" title="Deforestation in Borneo">Deforestation in Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Malaysia" title="Deforestation in Malaysia">Deforestation in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Indonesia" title="Deforestation in Indonesia">Deforestation in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mega_Rice_Project" title="Mega Rice Project">Mega Rice Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Southeast_Asian_haze" title="1997 Southeast Asian haze">1997 Southeast Asian haze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Indonesian_forest_fires" title="1997 Indonesian forest fires">1997 Indonesian forest fires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Southeast_Asian_haze" title="2006 Southeast Asian haze">2006 Southeast Asian haze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Southeast_Asian_haze" title="2015 Southeast Asian haze">2015 Southeast Asian haze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Southeast_Asian_haze" title="2016 Southeast Asian haze">2016 Southeast Asian haze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southeast_Asian_haze" title="2017 Southeast Asian haze">2017 Southeast Asian haze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Southeast_Asian_haze" title="2019 Southeast Asian haze">2019 Southeast Asian haze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_Sun_Bear_Conservation_Centre" title="Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre">Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_Orangutan_Survival" title="Borneo Orangutan Survival">Borneo Orangutan Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Perai_Protection_Forest" title="Bukit Perai Protection Forest">Bukit Perai Protection Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danum_Valley_Conservation_Area" title="Danum Valley Conservation Area">Danum Valley Conservation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunung_Berau_Nature_Reserve" title="Gunung Berau Nature Reserve">Gunung Berau Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Borneo" title="Heart of Borneo">Heart of Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan_Mentarang_National_Park" title="Kayan Mentarang National Park">Kayan Mentarang National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinabalu_Park" title="Kinabalu Park">Kinabalu Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulamba_Wildlife_Reserve" title="Kulamba Wildlife Reserve">Kulamba Wildlife Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamandau_Nature_Reserve" title="Lamandau Nature Reserve">Lamandau Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanjak_Entimau_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary">Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepilok_Orangutan_Rehabilitation_Centre" title="Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre">Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silabukan_Protection_Forest_Reserve" title="Silabukan Protection Forest Reserve">Silabukan Protection Forest Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usun_Apau_National_Park" title="Usun Apau National Park">Usun Apau National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brunei" title="History of Brunei">History of Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sabah" title="History of Sabah">History of Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sarawak" title="History of Sarawak">History of Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">British Borneo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_people" title="Dayak people">Dayak people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_people" title="Banjar people">Banjar people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_North_Borneo_languages" title="Greater North Borneo languages">Greater North Borneo languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barito_languages" title="Barito languages">Barito languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kalimantan" title="Languages of Kalimantan">Languages of Kalimantan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Borneo" title="Category:Borneo">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" 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