CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134b6209fe4401c',cH: 'SdcoozBrkXU35pSkAT9PNwYPB2SFYOelzEon0WQwoN4-1739784130-1.2.1.1-mxYs9NFQQ9jovWDZEl6nPwFaTNWkqKy7I5uQ5KiU_xmnSMvbHdKWc8w_bXxbEhsc',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=rave&__cf_chl_tk=aX6D4tzbV92VT0HqTe_KGp9ZCQf1m5R.CW8VfWrcbno-1739784130-1.0.1.1-yW6FWNFziCvIpTAneEWfMEirtF1yynFSygN3nToXM94",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784130',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=rave&__cf_chl_f_tk=aX6D4tzbV92VT0HqTe_KGp9ZCQf1m5R.CW8VfWrcbno-1739784130-1.0.1.1-yW6FWNFziCvIpTAneEWfMEirtF1yynFSygN3nToXM94",md: "PbQ0BokBeJJBUT5RiQZwssJRnISJ0DeKb5Lu9ixNSFw-1739784130-1.2.1.1-Y_njZ1x071zHkMpDZ32sVTFLlZvU_A0.MVgbi9f65_gjahoWI4T5oOunB2p9VrbCGHNVsriDn95YrEb7SnFCEklMY6g1V.VfU89dBAM8q.z4fj2fbYMq2tPfN36WZxtjg0TAfuF8CmoJpWwKNgoXenmm2hBmla61fc76roI2bQKuBefMXRMX56kobA3.WM1IpvsNRPktoSiA2oQl3UzjafR1GID91i4Sxs6JfdEuro853IJC7WSNe7wUgV2Q4uydKEXWFQRzIYwguh.oBJdf9r_pKXHPyBqBMhwZkXs3Chxo71QZVwQKyIUM6X4PYfWUXvsu7Tt_EsbFT5xfdan1yYPqCrWpHff1ttbEeeWNNxtTLnIPvx5wQR9ftAcOzmfJzLdFzQkH0zBTJ1Yk5jHAQwMnIVZUv0dJkNMAXFtGV4jExKNHf0uwRmXnrNGNyrUJZTNftv7rO_F_KK5Y_RbdtUCQVz.CtOYme7mpl6RCYH.Wn3xvmClCQNBGLZQecuuJkAmkGH6h6ZOILIXa02PYBT3KjwiZTvpZAnecX_DNAlmQMXhblXyWxey3oY0BwuPq9ca5DF8Cqa2IEcGXgUdXmx9zFhE1ntMnz6g6szN0BRgDiaTi1TTpbIs_8O.P2lmhMEaR4zYwO9dOnjJDTOQlcTLCSI7xDHi.TH7JWiOu0jO5836N_R6naimNvTWQ51JdHrzr74a4KYZpnlGQMEyKuaFG3x2.0BszSZu42BAdlN5IamMzCcVjhi7hctSboWah04vOJU2bovLwPcwZxfrzYqXcdrIVM6MScagQ97kqMB9l5zgl.37OHWnkSfFLBi3a6WzV4EegTOJ6ql92Gu20mA.IAfYvMMdk6iT20NROR6KwiD6vyEI9ARLqupBazOX.zBEiXAUJBwgOIubwd7vHvZZzbsyzxJ8mIuJoYV3mb7gx5Ndp7b4wnqNyiWvHv1RMZ9aaraUCjoGNeng.D5EVXgdJMlXMxM5iUmPaHXWzNfuJwo5hCOls3.ID4CWB6UZFyxylbz2u5sJClti8MlC82j2DVaYnHuX5yl_jdctP5kfu1eVnT1fVF5iQ24qyvaK6MFed2ajwu11kvCYOF8F9JOnYFIoeXk7U6acIwJuF93yTki0fvvfCTL00CTeMhR6bM76e_149NFV16mTpQYqGkD9g52DasNOCrNVrg_WrFnSnro.ac_o0qTlC17MUuBRoRe0Erarukj2OFAUqg7wjZqYg.eCP8i.h2O3FwKm6wUe9XwTlcuegDCkxbMA93UVcK31kQyxSg5XZLJnS0nHz_3bmm.WRhwp54l01mCKUFTwjG8lQso6ExgNJVyyWHaOfsk_V.n8XYrSdSR8Xwl.vnVHw4hHjOnnF6OmpMNF3cRsCiYNA9928oR9d8I4neX4tkdWhgtsj6kNPmL50i_JnvEsvFaypWPgmeh4TNjsenGg98msK91IvgnnXT3FgSbBdPn4P_dB7f9WU8S_UfiKbnQ6lxavhyGCYRwyY3ny4vI8Yz52WJyiImHEZ3mwmYBB9PNogEZJRB1Xw4rFEOKkwKjBruHKn_UVsuy8Nk_mKMUqDqNoqwFC3N2GVYQDlHSiJhoeAX44i9yNqYlT7ACMyArRvttx4thOAJfvLwtusScRUt4c0GxyhpCWUsYJmCbPuvkfGxPSeuQuygHGEV4ZCHnvGP06UR6qyOFvyhbGGgxbpJL_tcTH6d1RCUVNzfu1zQCdoh7W8TF_0ts.Ur1ZC4_a8G24b6sH1d9X4n_hEZYmeGCXCXhMtaUfhmJ6PCplM6Bd4gNb0qufd_8cHlK2.Bi7rYrlvaQvDv3cj3TB0quU.rW2bF7JZ8O51RqMkj_PoRwBHzJKABUUS0vtnrlmJsZQpS5vHjSN7ULgqYYVjepofBDcKr0OC4Ec56OxkrDO6",mdrd: "nX.ZR4kkh3USjNWQVCbQWsxRCQW9a8oVn_cMjjLTTZ4-1739784130-1.2.1.1-a3rpJVp.JmiDrB6FSqo4rbmFnhtlNrADqemZkrq_9OvttRDU3hWeHYmBLTzy8ShHY0r.FCEXABQ897r3uVOuoNWZrA7TbMPRZkKdXI9DqPXK2qpG_ejb9RtDPvid2zf2gg5QDxCHXcWvwOOL.zhg_CDHLxESMsSTMF1akimCSvxyCDLu5o4vf7hYV0vHnM23P4tNMNVehILibgKYMGLGfpWaGBkZWRmBnkbk45JeD0A8MekLsD5sY8t.pyJWaerweyZGIod.V7I.geUXvZyVWlgoTQ3YS4ORtX422efZD7_95yJSUX.c8hV_azxZLF5XadAPn.EkMCekUZLVCsH6L9IHM1MLJUuXYmX75IH3981XdtW5AT4ZIHVHYwV1cr0CrGvOlGhr56ivA9eLvgSQ3GGvD4b.J9f1TxJzvSe8pjGcBY9Bp4KSYfWPH81Ugx6yHn8EJSZrkpa0lZ58aFTPjOiH22tFEbBRHOqk8Ev6LnRCkbc42UQ9_wumgUeJITIvMZNt.8TukXCKXL3XJ.M.JKRZuWC0dc0QyGgqKPOTWA5hdGhCi6nMyvULDjBhpd4MjDv59bWsj6yi1wTq9fbTLa10tnbHwhi1v2r.etATwqVkzq8j6nk2oryl2w87cl_NXQ0W7MiYSNinTF.M1pgbj3RpdgLkRczE.gmbWP08Jgpvh7YPXX_SJ9FO6JZl0PBF289DOXcOWu0eKfvSGyv0AceWdMRHiGXB9SwEa.VX68dzOaeJgBmcJ8oEg.VHQGx9OcoshJ5K6NAhZ0lftEfhcc8iEhY5jY5D3C5qCGES7Gslz.wBA6miz_9bBQPqMoAB1wMVkHNgwaBR4PVrKLh9dAZ7XrRcmvwtbyDh.OgzgJ0tu.GXOTYgSDnhlotvWD498rTqiBW3fzULvxRzBpRYihTFnbm4xDce8V5eliBNlrvYgAfngTpNDemPJhDMjHHL6oxMPPv3exz2cahDxnhWJdRyCnk0hqnZFkA2UM_IQJ3ADKjyyZcmX4HK1BBCEzFGqGNHw23_pMrtUGCKJ_QgP_YzhYx7ecsSLWkeUVmLzmIehVEUdk2GEpDnZfGdQtZnZeWuG_KefoIXYKz8ss1GqG3KKwF6yjQnIU7Mwad.zsWQrJ7DuFj5OFJ0ceJKoqHntHBrO8lhVAlBdPtDqAQ_uW5528gR61UG0RuexYMkvLmVaaj_D2k3VW84gh_6bFqfv7TcHV1nLSZrU0AXo1ZvaQObRnMVilm7Lvf7OD4m6ygHSjU8zQq0kE06ipnX0hw8yxH4A9V37NpSF1IveEECvRW7_RG.spkJT7T2pxTS8NAODKzK6569e0ap7qXxpDQnWrJ8MX8Hjgl.vU3hfFtN0BSJhj7DTlj91Da6BYs0aTdVAZN5tZvc5.YBuNwV6D.L.aS.ANOmQxKOPT9StsCkhE1skkESuc9aTINeqoRTYc6wU5dJtky6ONfztg4nx7c088Yv8ezvBJkQX1KUfYHQPwf6YtW5.uYgkEOGKb6PS1tFD8VoibzrYWViCFaGoBHwtC4z0BHm9yoy5sM8nKP8lf4DJAZn7PkhpKu9es1cbioWkqjYylZyFhuD5f_biKvX.9UL2r2RMdX9KzLlekFkQvcWUVovP2I53poi.7M3T7.E.qA38SIuJZNr.AsNayYx057Gf1jUv_G3jqp3J7INizEdNwD3NidovPhxb.8ziPw3mt4UVfeOeynmpEQvCg20L7oGae8_cZ3UOWNBMxvpqfB_hjejwe6E_Bij3.TkiPn2o_A_sv5HQh0cyAFox8nIejFlaDxfRf6hCNtde6EduNp0LybmaC6033PFq_b81qpmpPYnNoN3mYEFUoO69TvQGxDs9KHH2WNoN3iwvURG67Ilc9CUF9qC5dXjLKVQydbr2izRtFWh39B2W1Dq4rdxBVRE0GCMy52UmKXgR2s8biY98J8u1s9mOnE7CcrVm3Cv1FTGSwfdCPOlnkISa7rX"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134b6209fe4401c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=rave&__cf_chl_rt_tk=aX6D4tzbV92VT0HqTe_KGp9ZCQf1m5R.CW8VfWrcbno-1739784130-1.0.1.1-yW6FWNFziCvIpTAneEWfMEirtF1yynFSygN3nToXM94" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>