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</li> <li class="tabItem marginal" data-related-content="studyMarginals" aria-label="marginal"> <span class="icon"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="navigationContents"> <div id="studyDiscover" class="studyPane active tabContent"> <div class="section"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui"><strong>Overview of Romans</strong></span></h3><div class="summaryOverview"><ul class="content"><li class='scalableui'><div class="overview chapterOnly"> <ul class="outline"><li class="L1 collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><p class="se title"><span class="itemLabel"><strong>C.</strong> </span><strong>ADVICE ON TRUE CHRISTIAN LIVING (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/12#h=65:0-80:0"><strong>12:1–15:13</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><span class="icon"></span></div><ul><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>1. Wholehearted worship of God and proper behavior toward fellow believers and others (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/12#h=65:0-69:0"><strong>12:1-21</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy, with your power of reason (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/12#h=65:0-66:0">12:1, 2</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Christians have different gifts but are part of one body (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/12#h=66:0-67:0">12:3-8</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Show love and honor to fellow believers; display zeal, endurance, and submission in serving Jehovah (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/12#h=67:0-68:0">12:9-16</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">“Keep conquering the evil with the good” (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/12#h=68:0-69:0">12:17-21</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>2. True Christians and the State (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13#h=69:0-71:0"><strong>13:1-7</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Subjection to “the superior authorities” serving as God’s ministers (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13#h=69:0-70:0">13:1-4</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Render to authorities what is due them (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13#h=70:0-71:0">13:5-7</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>3. Fulfilling the law of love, and staying awake (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13#h=71:0-73:0"><strong>13:8-14</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Do not owe anything but love to anyone; love is the law’s fulfillment (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13#h=71:0-72:0">13:8-10</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Walk decently as in the daytime, and imitate Jesus (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13#h=72:0-73:0">13:11-14</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>4. Work for unity; God’s Kingdom means righteousness, peace, and joy (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/14#h=73:0-80:0"><strong>14:1–15:13</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Do not judge one another (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/14#h=73:0-76:0">14:1-12</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Do not cause others to stumble (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/14#h=76:0-77:0">14:13-18</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Pursue peace and things that build one another up (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/14#h=77:0-78:0">14:19-23</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Follow the example of Christ, who did not please himself (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/15#h=78:0-79:0">15:1-6</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">“Welcome one another”; the nations will glorify God (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/15#h=79:0-80:0">15:7-13</a>)</p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> </li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-13-1" data-section-citation="045013001045013001"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 13:1</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p4" data-pid="4" class="s5"><strong>person:</strong> Or “living person.” Here the Greek word <em>psy·kheʹ,</em> rendered “soul” in some Bible translations, refers to a person.—See Glossary, “<a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/0/0">Soul</a>.”</p> <p id="p5" data-pid="5" class="s5"><strong>the superior authorities:</strong> That is, the secular governing authorities. The term here rendered “authorities” is the plural form of the Greek word <em>e·xou·siʹa.</em> Readers of the Greek <em>Septuagint</em> may have been familiar with the way this word was applied to rulerships or dominion. (See <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/1/0" data-bid="2-1" class="b">Da 7:6,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/1/1" data-bid="2-2" class="b"> 14,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/1/2" data-bid="2-3" class="b"> 27;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/1/3" data-bid="2-4" class="b"> 11:5</a>, where <em>e·xou·siʹa</em> is used to render Hebrew and Aramaic words meaning “authority to rule; rulership; ruling power.”) At <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/2/0" data-bid="3-1" class="b">Lu 12:11</a>, it is used in the expression “government officials, and <em>authorities.”</em> The Greek term rendered “superior” is related to a word used at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/3/0" data-bid="4-1" class="b">1Ti 2:2</a> in the expression “kings and all those who are <em>in high positions</em> [or “in positions of authority,” ftn.].” In some contexts, it refers to being in a controlling position, having power or authority over others, but it does not imply being “supreme.” This is shown by the usage at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/4/0" data-bid="5-1" class="b">Php 2:3</a>, where Christians are urged to consider others “superior” to themselves, not supreme.</p> <p id="p6" data-pid="6" class="s5"><strong>stand placed in their relative positions by God:</strong> Lit., “they have been set in order by God.” That is, by God’s permission. The Greek word <em>tasʹso</em> used here is defined in various lexicons as “to bring about an order of things by arranging; to put in place; to draw up in order; to set in a certain order; to appoint.” The term is rendered “arranged” in some contexts. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/5/0" data-bid="6-1" class="b">Mt 28:16;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/5/1" data-bid="6-2" class="b"> Ac 15:2;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/5/2" data-bid="6-3" class="b"> 28:23</a>) At <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/6/0" data-bid="7-1" class="b">Lu 7:8</a>, Luke uses the same Greek word when rendering an army officer’s words: “I too am a man <em>placed</em> [form of <em>tasʹso</em>] under authority [form of <em>e·xou·siʹa,</em> the same word rendered “authority; authorities” at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/7/0" data-bid="8-1" class="b">Ro 13:1-3</a>], having soldiers under me.” This army officer had someone placed over him, and he had “soldiers under” him; so his “authority” was relative in relation to others. This indicates that the Greek word <em>tasʹso</em> does not always simply mean “to put in place.” It can also refer to a certain order in which someone is placed in relation to others. Many translations of <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/8/0" data-bid="9-1" class="b">Ro 13:1</a> use such expressions as “ordained of God” or “instituted (established; appointed) by God,” which might give the impression that God is ultimately responsible for installing secular rulers. However, based on the meaning of the Greek word, the immediate context, and what the Bible teaches elsewhere (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/9/0" data-bid="10-1" class="b">Pr 21:1;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/9/1" data-bid="10-2" class="b"> Ec 5:8;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/9/2" data-bid="10-3" class="b"> Da 4:32;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/9/3" data-bid="10-4" class="b"> Joh 19:11</a>), the <em>New World Translation</em> uses the expression “stand placed in their relative positions by God.” God <em>allows</em> the secular governments to have “relative” positions of authority, greater or lesser in relation to one another, but always inferior to his own supreme authority as Sovereign of the universe.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/442" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-443"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Tit 3:1; 1Pe 2:13, 14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-443" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-443" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/443" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-444"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 19:10, 11</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-444" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-444" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/444" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-445"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 17:26</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-445" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-445" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p765" data-pid="765" class="se"></p> <div id="p766" data-pid="766"><p data-pid="766" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/854/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="766" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/854/0">10/2023, pp. 8-10</a></p> </div><div id="p767" data-pid="767"><p data-pid="767" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/855/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="767" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/855/0">10/2022, p. 14</a></p> </div><p id="p768" data-pid="768" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/856/0"><em>Enjoy Life Forever!,</em> lesson 45</a></p> <p id="p769" data-pid="769" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/857/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> pp. 579,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/858/0"> 1194</a></p> <p id="p770" data-pid="770" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/859/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> pp. 1009,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/860/0"> 1045</a></p> <p id="p771" data-pid="771" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/861/0"><em>God’s Kingdom Rules!,</em> pp. 56-57</a></p> <div id="p772" data-pid="772"><p data-pid="772" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/862/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="772" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/862/0">1/15/2010, p. 24</a></p><p data-pid="772" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/863/0">6/15/2008, p. 31</a></p><p data-pid="772" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/864/0">11/1/2002, pp. 17-18</a></p><p data-pid="772" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/865/0">8/1/2000, p. 4</a></p><p data-pid="772" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/866/0">11/1/1997, p. 16</a></p><p data-pid="772" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/867/0">5/1/1996, pp. 10,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/868/0"> 12-14</a></p><p data-pid="772" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/869/0">5/15/1995, pp. 21-22</a></p><p data-pid="772" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/870/0">7/1/1994, p. 19</a></p><p data-pid="772" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/871/0">12/15/1990, p. 30</a></p><p data-pid="772" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/872/0">11/1/1990, pp. 10-15,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/873/0"> 18-19</a></p><p data-pid="772" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/874/0">8/1/1990, p. 24</a></p> </div><div id="p773" data-pid="773"><p data-pid="773" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/875/0"><em>Awake!,</em></a></p><p data-pid="773" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/875/0">12/8/2003, pp. 10-11</a></p><p data-pid="773" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/876/0">8/8/1990, p. 6</a></p><p data-pid="773" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/877/0">9/8/1987, p. 22</a></p> </div><p id="p774" data-pid="774" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/878/0"><em>Knowledge,</em> pp. 131-132</a></p> <p id="p775" data-pid="775" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/879/0"><em>Proclaimers,</em> pp. 190-191,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/880/0"> 198</a></p> <p id="p776" data-pid="776" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/881/0"><em>Reasoning,</em> p. 438</a></p> <p id="p777" data-pid="777" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/882/0"><em>True Peace,</em> pp. 131-136</a></p> <p id="p778" data-pid="778" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p240" data-pid="240" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/0">w23.10 8-10;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/2"> w22.10 14;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/4"> lff lesson 45;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/6"> it-1 579,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/8"> 1194;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/10"> it-2 1009,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/12"> 1045;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/14"> kr 56-57;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/17"> w10 1/15 24;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/19"> w08 6/15 31;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/21"> g03 12/8 10-11;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/23"> w02 11/1 17-18;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/25"> w00 8/1 4;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/27"> w97 11/1 16;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/29"> w96 5/1 10,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/31"> 12-14;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/34"> w95 5/15 21-22;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/37"> kl 131-132;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/39"> w94 7/1 19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/41"> jv 190-191,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/44"> 198;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/46"> w90 8/1 24;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/49"> w90 11/1 10-15,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/51"> 18-19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/53"> w90 12/15 30;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/55"> g90 8/8 6;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/57"> rs 438;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/59"> g87 9/8 22;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/238/61"> tp 131-136;</a></p> <p id="p241" data-pid="241" class="sx"></p> <p id="p304" data-pid="304" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/0">uw 164;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/2"> tr 157-158;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/4"> w80 5/15 4-6;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/8"> w80 8/15 24;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/10"> hp 165-166;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/12"> g79 3/8 27;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/14"> sl 297;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/16"> yb75 238;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/18"> ml 27;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/20"> w74 108;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/22"> w73 63;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/24"> w73 142;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/26"> tp73 135-138;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/28"> w72 267,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/30"> 501-502,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/33"> 644;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/35"> ad 826,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/36"> 1560;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/37"> te 136-138;</a><span class="ni"> g69 5/22 26;</span><span class="ni"> g68 10/22 6;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/41"> w67 333;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/42"> w66 608;</a><span class="ni"> li 189,</span><span class="ni"> 193,</span><span class="ni"> 198;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/46"> w64 357;</a><span class="ni"> g64 6/22 16;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/48"> w63 471,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/49"> 575;</a><span class="ni"> bf 483,</span><span class="ni"> 548;</span><span class="ni"> g63 8/8 16;</span><span class="ni"> g63 10/8 28;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/54"> w62 614,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/55"> 623,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/56"> 681-690,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/57"> 717;</a><span class="ni"> tc 7,</span><span class="ni"> 28;</span><span class="ni"> g60 8/8 12;</span><span class="ni"> g59 5/22 27;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/62"> w58 629;</a><span class="ni"> gr 11;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/64"> w52 375;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/65"> w51 275;</a><span class="ni"> rm 292;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/67"> w50 181,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/68"> 439,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/69"> 442,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/302/70"> 446;</a><span class="ni"> el 197;</span><span class="ni"> g49 8/22 3;</span><span class="ni"> pn 58;</span><span class="ni"> w45 90;</span><span class="ni"> w44 57;</span><span class="ni"> tf 311-312;</span><span class="ni"> w41 11,</span><span class="ni"> 44,</span><span class="ni"> 92;</span><span class="ni"> s 254;</span><span class="ni"> w38 211,</span><span class="ni"> 277;</span><span class="ni"> g38 5/4 17;</span><span class="ni"> w37 41,</span><span class="ni"> 271;</span><span class="ni"> w36 55;</span><span class="ni"> ch 219;</span><span class="ni"> g36 8/26 753;</span><span class="ni"> lo 6;</span><span class="ni"> w34 359;</span><span class="ni"> g34 3/28 411;</span><span class="ni"> g33 4/12 444;</span><span class="ni"> v-3 13;</span><span class="ni"> v-1 117</span></p> <p id="p305" data-pid="305" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-13-2" data-section-citation="045013002045013002"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 13:2</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p8" data-pid="8" class="s5"><strong>the arrangement of God:</strong> “The superior authorities” are part of a temporary arrangement permitted by God. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/11/0" data-bid="12-1" class="b">Ro 13:1</a>) The Greek expression used here denotes what God has ordered or directed. These secular authorities are God’s temporary means of maintaining order in human society. But there would be no human authority if God did not permit it. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/12/0" data-bid="13-1" class="b">Joh 19:11</a>) In that sense, the superior authorities have a relative position within God’s purpose. When Paul wrote this letter, the superior authorities affecting Christians were primarily the government of Rome under Emperor Nero, who ruled from 54 to 68 C.E. Paul clearly recognized the need for and the superiority of God’s way of governing. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/13/0" data-bid="14-1" class="b">Ac 28:31;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/13/1" data-bid="14-2" class="b"> 1Co 15:24</a>) He was simply saying that as long as Jehovah allows human rulership to exist, Christians should respect and accept it as “the arrangement of God.”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group footnote"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Footnotes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item footnote" data-extract-id="verseFootnote-28"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">*</span></span><span class="scalableui"><p id="p120" data-pid="120">Or “resists.”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p778" data-pid="778" class="se"></p> <div id="p779" data-pid="779"><p data-pid="779" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/883/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="779" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/883/0">10/2023, pp. 8-10</a></p> </div><p id="p780" data-pid="780" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/884/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 1194</a></p> <p id="p781" data-pid="781" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/885/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 1045</a></p> <div id="p782" data-pid="782"><p data-pid="782" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/886/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="782" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/886/0">8/1/2000, p. 4</a></p><p data-pid="782" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/887/0">5/1/1996, p. 10</a></p><p data-pid="782" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/888/0">11/1/1990, pp. 18-19</a></p> </div><p id="p783" data-pid="783" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/889/0"><em>Knowledge,</em> pp. 133-134</a></p> <p id="p784" data-pid="784" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/890/0"><em>True Peace,</em> pp. 131-132</a></p> <p id="p785" data-pid="785" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p241" data-pid="241" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/239/0">w23.10 8-10;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/239/2"> it-1 1194;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/239/4"> it-2 1045;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/239/6"> w00 8/1 4;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/239/8"> w96 5/1 10;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/239/10"> kl 133-134;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/239/12"> w90 11/1 18-19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/239/15"> tp 132;</a></p> <p id="p242" data-pid="242" class="sx"></p> <p id="p305" data-pid="305" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/303/0">tr 158;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/303/2"> tp73 135;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/303/4"> w72 268,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/303/6"> 657;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/303/8"> ad 826,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/303/9"> 1560-1561;</a><span class="ni"> li 199;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/303/11"> w63 471;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/303/12"> w62 691;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/303/13"> w52 376;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/303/14"> w50 449;</a><span class="ni"> el 197;</span><span class="ni"> w41 44;</span><span class="ni"> s 254;</span><span class="ni"> ch 219;</span><span class="ni"> g33 4/12 445;</span><span class="ni"> v-3 13</span></p> <p id="p306" data-pid="306" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-13-3" data-section-citation="045013003045013003"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 13:3</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p10" data-pid="10" class="s5"><strong>it:</strong> That is, “the authority.”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/445" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-446"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 2:13, 14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-446" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-446" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/446" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-447"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 3:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-447" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-447" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p785" data-pid="785" class="se"></p> <p id="p786" data-pid="786" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/891/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> pp. 773,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/892/0"> 818</a></p> <p id="p787" data-pid="787" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/893/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> pp. 667,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/894/0"> 1045</a></p> <div id="p788" data-pid="788"><p data-pid="788" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/895/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="788" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/895/0">8/15/1991, p. 19</a></p><p data-pid="788" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/896/0">11/1/1990, pp. 19-20</a></p><p data-pid="788" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/897/0">10/1/1986, p. 31</a></p> </div><p id="p789" data-pid="789" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p242" data-pid="242" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/240/0">it-1 773,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/240/2"> 818;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/240/4"> it-2 667,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/240/6"> 1045;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/240/8"> w91 8/15 19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/240/10"> w90 11/1 19-20;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/240/12"> w86 10/1 31;</a></p> <p id="p243" data-pid="243" class="sx"></p> <p id="p306" data-pid="306" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/304/0">w79 1/15 31;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/304/4"> g77 2/8 27;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/304/6"> ad 1560-1561;</a><span class="ni"> li 203;</span><span class="ni"> g64 2/22 3;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/304/9"> w62 693,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/304/10"> 709;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/304/11"> w52 376;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/304/12"> w50 450;</a><span class="ni"> el 199;</span><span class="ni"> w49 363;</span><span class="ni"> w47 308;</span><span class="ni"> w41 45;</span><span class="ni"> ch 219;</span><span class="ni"> g33 4/12 445;</span><span class="ni"> v-3 13</span></p> <p id="p307" data-pid="307" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-13-4" data-section-citation="045013004045013004"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 13:4</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p12" data-pid="12" class="s5"><strong>it is God’s minister:</strong> This refers to “the authority” mentioned at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/16/0" data-bid="17-1" class="b">Ro 13:1-3</a>. This human authority is God’s “minister,” or servant (Greek, <em>di·aʹko·nos</em>), in a particular sense. The Bible sometimes uses this Greek word to refer to “servants; those serving” others. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/17/0" data-bid="18-1" class="b">Mt 22:13;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/17/1" data-bid="18-2" class="b"> Joh 2:5,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/17/2" data-bid="18-3" class="b"> 9</a>) The related verb <em>di·a·ko·neʹo</em> (to serve; to attend to; to minister) is also used to describe people performing various personal services for others. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/1/0">study note on Lu 8:3</a>.) It is in this sense that the secular authorities can be called a “minister,” or servant. They are <em>God’s</em> minister because he allows them to continue for a time. They render certain services for the <strong>good</strong> of the people, providing a measure of order and protection against lawlessness. Additionally, the Bible shows that secular authorities have sometimes served as God’s minister in other ways. For example: King Cyrus of Persia called on the Jews to go out of Babylon and rebuild God’s house in Jerusalem. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/18/0" data-bid="19-1" class="b">Ezr 1:1-4;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/18/1" data-bid="19-2" class="b"> Isa 44:28</a>) Persian King Artaxerxes sent Ezra with a contribution for the rebuilding of that house and later commissioned Nehemiah to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/19/0" data-bid="20-1" class="b">Ezr 7:11-26;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/19/1" data-bid="20-2" class="b"> 8:25-30;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/19/2" data-bid="20-3" class="b"> Ne 2:1-8</a>) The Roman authority delivered Paul from the mob in Jerusalem, protected him after he was shipwrecked, and allowed him to stay in a rented house while a prisoner until his case could be heard by Caesar.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/20/0" data-bid="21-1" class="b">Ac 21:31, 32;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/20/1" data-bid="21-2" class="b"> 28:7-10,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/20/2" data-bid="21-3" class="b"> 30, 31</a>.</p> <p id="p13" data-pid="13" class="s5"><strong>the sword:</strong> Here referring to the right or power of secular authorities to inflict punishment on those <strong>practicing what is bad.</strong> When authorities use this power properly, it can be a strong deterrent to crime, contributing to order in society. However, they are responsible to God for how they use this authority. For example, King Herod Antipas had John the Baptist beheaded, abusing this symbolic sword. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/21/0" data-bid="22-1" class="b">Mt 14:1-12</a>) Likewise, King Herod Agrippa I misused his authority by putting “James the brother of John to death by the sword.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/22/0" data-bid="23-1" class="b">Ac 12:1, 2</a>) If secular rulers try to make Christians act in violation of the Scriptures, they would not be acting as <strong>God’s minister.</strong></p> <p id="p14" data-pid="14" class="s5"><strong>to express wrath:</strong> When a person violates a human law that does not contradict God’s laws, the punishment meted out by the “rulers” is an indirect expression of God’s wrath <strong>against the one practicing what is bad.</strong> (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/23/0" data-bid="24-1" class="b">Ro 13:3</a>) In this context, the Greek expression for “to express wrath” could also be rendered “to bring punishment.”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group footnote"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Footnotes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item footnote" data-extract-id="verseFootnote-29"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">*</span></span><span class="scalableui"><p id="p121" data-pid="121">Lit., “servant.”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p789" data-pid="789" class="se"></p> <p id="p790" data-pid="790" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/898/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> pp. 108,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/899/0"> 773,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/900/0"> 818</a></p> <p id="p791" data-pid="791" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/901/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> pp. 409-410,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/902/0"> 1045,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/903/0"> 1150</a></p> <div id="p792" data-pid="792"><p data-pid="792" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/904/0"><em>Awake!,</em></a></p><p data-pid="792" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/904/0">12/8/2003, p. 11</a></p><p data-pid="792" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/905/0">3/8/1996, pp. 22-23</a></p> </div><div id="p793" data-pid="793"><p data-pid="793" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/906/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="793" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/906/0">8/1/2000, p. 4</a></p><p data-pid="793" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/907/0">6/15/1997, pp. 30-31</a></p><p data-pid="793" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/908/0">5/1/1996, p. 10</a></p><p data-pid="793" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/909/0">7/1/1994, pp. 19-20,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/910/0"> 22-23</a></p><p data-pid="793" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/911/0">11/1/1990, pp. 20-21</a></p><p data-pid="793" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/912/0">10/1/1986, p. 31</a></p> </div><p id="p794" data-pid="794" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/913/0"><em>Knowledge,</em> pp. 132-133</a></p> <p id="p795" data-pid="795" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/914/0"><em>True Peace,</em> pp. 132-133</a></p> <p id="p796" data-pid="796" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p243" data-pid="243" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/0">it-1 108,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/2"> 773,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/4"> 818;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/6"> it-2 409-410,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/8"> 1045,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/10"> 1150;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/12"> g03 12/8 11;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/14"> w00 8/1 4;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/16"> w97 6/15 30-31;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/18"> w96 5/1 10;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/20"> g96 3/8 22-23;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/22"> kl 132-133;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/24"> w94 7/1 19-20,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/26"> 22-23;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/28"> w90 11/1 20;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/30"> w86 10/1 31;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/241/32"> tp 132;</a></p> <p id="p244" data-pid="244" class="sx"></p> <p id="p307" data-pid="307" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/0">w83 7/15 24,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/2"> 31;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/4"> w81 3/15 25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/6"> g77 7/22 6-7;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/8"> w75 719;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/10"> g75 11/22 27-28;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/12"> w72 268,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/14"> 480;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/16"> w71 358-359;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/18"> ad 79,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/19"> 571,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/20"> 1163,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/21"> 1560-1561;</a><span class="ni"> li 204;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/23"> w62 710-713;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/24"> w52 376;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/305/25"> w50 450;</a><span class="ni"> el 199;</span><span class="ni"> w47 308;</span><span class="ni"> w44 326;</span><span class="ni"> w41 45;</span><span class="ni"> w37 359;</span><span class="ni"> ch 220;</span><span class="ni"> g33 4/12 445;</span><span class="ni"> v-3 13</span></p> <p id="p308" data-pid="308" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-13-5" data-section-citation="045013005045013005"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 13:5</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p16" data-pid="16" class="s5"><strong>There is . . . compelling reason:</strong> Or “It is . . . necessary.” The Greek word <em>a·nagʹke</em> used here literally means “necessity.” This verse shows that the compelling reason for Christians to obey Caesar’s laws and to pay taxes should be the Christian <strong>conscience</strong> rather than fear of Caesar’s “sword” of punishment. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/2/0">study notes on Ro 13:4</a>.) Therefore, a Christian submits to human governments when a command does not contradict God’s laws.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/447" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-448"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Col 3:22; 1Pe 2:19; 3:16</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-448" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-448" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p796" data-pid="796" class="se"></p> <p id="p797" data-pid="797" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/915/0"><em>Enjoy Life Forever!,</em> lesson 36</a></p> <p id="p798" data-pid="798" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/916/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 1045</a></p> <div id="p799" data-pid="799"><p data-pid="799" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/917/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="799" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/917/0">9/1/2011, pp. 21-22</a></p><p data-pid="799" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/918/0">11/1/1990, p. 24</a></p> </div><p id="p800" data-pid="800" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/919/0"><em>True Peace,</em> pp. 135-136</a></p> <p id="p801" data-pid="801" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p244" data-pid="244" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/242/0">lff lessons 36,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/242/2"> 45;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/242/4"> it-2 1045;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/242/6"> w11 9/1 21-22;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/242/8"> w90 11/1 24;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/242/10"> tp 135-136;</a></p> <p id="p245" data-pid="245" class="sx"></p> <p id="p308" data-pid="308" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/0">tr 158-159;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/2"> w75 75;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/4"> w75 214-215;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/6"> g74 2/22 28;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/8"> tp73 138;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/10"> w72 589,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/12"> 640;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/14"> ad 1561;</a><span class="ni"> g69 5/22 27;</span><span class="ni"> li 207;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/17"> w62 623,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/18"> 714;</a><span class="ni"> tc 28;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/20"> w61 488;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/21"> w52 99,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/22"> 372,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/23"> 377;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/306/24"> w50 451;</a><span class="ni"> el 200;</span><span class="ni"> w41 46;</span><span class="ni"> ch 221</span></p> <p id="p309" data-pid="309" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-13-6" data-section-citation="045013006045013006"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 13:6</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p18" data-pid="18" class="s5"><strong>public servants:</strong> The Greek word <em>lei·tour·gosʹ</em> (public servant, or worker) used here and the related words <em>lei·tour·geʹo</em> (to render public service) and <em>lei·tour·giʹa</em> (public service) were used by the ancient Greeks and Romans to refer to work or service for the State or for civil authorities that was done for the benefit of the people. (The above-mentioned Greek words are derived from <em>la·osʹ,</em> “people,” and <em>erʹgon,</em> “work.”) Here the secular authorities are called God’s “public servants” (plural form of <em>lei·tour·gosʹ</em>) in the sense that they provide beneficial services for the people. However, in the Christian Greek Scriptures, these Greek terms are frequently used in connection with the temple service and the Christian ministry. For this usage, see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/3/0">study notes on Lu 1:23;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/4/0"> Ac 13:2;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/5/0"> Ro 15:16</a>.</p> <p id="p19" data-pid="19" class="s5"><strong>constantly serving this very purpose:</strong> Or “devoting themselves to this very thing.” The secular authorities fulfill their duties as described in the preceding verses, and as “God’s public servants,” they provide beneficial services for the people.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group media"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Media</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="scalableui item"><div class="clearfix"><a class="galleryItem" href="/en/wol/gallery/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/1001072175#chapter=13"><img class="studyItemMedia" src="/en/wol/gallery/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/1001072175/thumbnail" data-img-large-src="/en/wol/mp/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/2024/813" ><span class="caption"><p>Taxation</p> </span></a></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p801" data-pid="801" class="se"></p> <p id="p802" data-pid="802" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/920/0"><em>Enjoy Life Forever!,</em> lesson 36</a></p> <p id="p803" data-pid="803" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/921/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 1045</a></p> <div id="p804" data-pid="804"><p data-pid="804" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/922/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="804" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/922/0">9/1/2011, p. 22</a></p><p data-pid="804" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/923/0">8/1/2000, p. 5</a></p><p data-pid="804" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/924/0">5/1/1996, p. 10</a></p><p data-pid="804" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/925/0">11/1/1990, pp. 24-25</a></p> </div><p id="p805" data-pid="805" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/926/0"><em>True Peace,</em> pp. 132-133</a></p> <p id="p806" data-pid="806" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p245" data-pid="245" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/243/0">lff lessons 36,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/243/2"> 45;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/243/4"> it-2 1045;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/243/6"> w11 9/1 22;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/243/8"> w00 8/1 5;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/243/10"> w96 5/1 10;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/243/12"> w90 11/1 24-25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/243/14"> tp 132-133;</a></p> <p id="p246" data-pid="246" class="sx"></p> <p id="p309" data-pid="309" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/307/0">g74 2/22 28;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/307/2"> w72 266-267,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/307/4"> 640;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/307/6"> ad 1561;</a><span class="ni"> li 214;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/307/8"> w63 50;</a><span class="ni"> ln 25;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/307/10"> w62 715;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/307/11"> w52 377;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/307/12"> w50 452;</a><span class="ni"> el 200;</span><span class="ni"> w41 46;</span><span class="ni"> g33 4/12 446</span></p> <p id="p310" data-pid="310" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-13-7" data-section-citation="045013007045013007"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 13:7</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p21" data-pid="21" class="s5"><strong>Render:</strong> Lit., “Give back.” The same Greek verb (<em>a·po·diʹdo·mi</em>) is used at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/27/0" data-bid="28-1" class="b">Mt 22:21;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/27/1" data-bid="28-2" class="b"> Mr 12:17</a>; and <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/28/0" data-bid="29-1" class="b">Lu 20:25</a> in the expression “Pay back . . . Caesar’s things to Caesar.”—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/6/0">study note on Mt 22:21</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/448" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-449"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 22:21; Mr 12:17; Lu 20:25</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-449" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-449" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/449" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-450"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Pr 24:21</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-450" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-450" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/450" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-451"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 2:13, 17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-451" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-451" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p806" data-pid="806" class="se"></p> <div id="p807" data-pid="807"><p data-pid="807" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/927/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="807" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/927/0">10/2023, p. 8</a></p> </div><p id="p808" data-pid="808" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/928/0"><em>Enjoy Life Forever!,</em> lesson 36</a></p> <p id="p809" data-pid="809" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/929/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 1194</a></p> <p id="p810" data-pid="810" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/930/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> pp. 783,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/931/0"> 1045</a></p> <div id="p811" data-pid="811"><p data-pid="811" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/932/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="811" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/932/0">3/2017, p. 10</a></p> </div><div id="p812" data-pid="812"><p data-pid="812" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/933/0"><em>Awake!,</em></a></p><p data-pid="812" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/933/0">9/2008, pp. 20-21</a></p><p data-pid="812" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/934/0">12/8/2003, pp. 10-11</a></p><p data-pid="812" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/935/0">8/8/1990, p. 6</a></p><p data-pid="812" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/936/0">11/8/1986, p. 27</a></p> </div><div id="p813" data-pid="813"><p data-pid="813" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/937/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="813" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/937/0">6/15/2000, p. 14</a></p><p data-pid="813" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/938/0">11/15/1994, p. 26</a></p><p data-pid="813" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/939/0">11/1/1990, pp. 11,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/940/0"> 24-25</a></p> </div><p id="p814" data-pid="814" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/941/0"><em>Proclaimers,</em> p. 190</a></p> <p id="p815" data-pid="815" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/942/0"><em>True Peace,</em> pp. 132-133</a></p> <p id="p816" data-pid="816" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p246" data-pid="246" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/0">w23.10 8;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/2"> lff lessons 36,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/4"> 45;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/6"> it-1 1194;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/8"> it-2 783,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/10"> 1045;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/12"> w17.03 10;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/15"> g 9/08 20-21;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/17"> g03 12/8 10-11;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/19"> w00 6/15 14;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/21"> w94 11/15 26;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/23"> jv 190;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/25"> w90 11/1 11,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/28"> 24-25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/30"> g90 8/8 6;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/32"> tp 132-133;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/244/34"> g86 11/8 27;</a></p> <p id="p247" data-pid="247" class="sx"></p> <p id="p310" data-pid="310" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/0">w79 1/15 31;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/2"> bw 68-69;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/4"> g79 3/8 27;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/6"> g77 2/8 27;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/8"> g77 7/22 28;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/10"> g74 2/22 28;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/12"> w73 316;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/14"> w72 266-267,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/16"> 640;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/18"> ad 826,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/19"> 1393,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/20"> 1561;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/21"> w68 351;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/22"> w67 547;</a><span class="ni"> li 214;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/24"> w64 669;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/25"> w63 50;</a><span class="ni"> ln 25;</span><span class="ni"> g63 4/22 31;</span><span class="ni"> g63 8/8 16;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/29"> w62 716,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/30"> 718;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/31"> w60 500;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/32"> w52 377;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/308/33"> w50 452;</a><span class="ni"> w41 46</span></p> <p id="p311" data-pid="311" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-13-8" data-section-citation="045013008045013008"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 13:8</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/451" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-452"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Col 3:14; 1Ti 1:5; 1Jo 4:11</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-452" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-452" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/452" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-453"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 5:14; Jas 2:8</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-453" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-453" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p816" data-pid="816" class="se"></p> <div id="p817" data-pid="817"><p data-pid="817" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/943/0"><em>Awake!,</em></a></p><p data-pid="817" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/943/0">4/8/1999, pp. 18-19</a></p> </div><p id="p818" data-pid="818" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p247" data-pid="247" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/245/0">g99 4/8 18;</a></p> <p id="p248" data-pid="248" class="sx"></p> <p id="p311" data-pid="311" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/309/0">w82 8/1 29;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/309/2"> fl 162;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/309/4"> w77 221-223;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/309/6"> w77 532;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/309/8"> w73 287-288;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/309/10"> g72 11/22 8;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/309/12"> w71 127;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/309/14"> w71 526-527;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/309/16"> w71 766;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/309/18"> w64 495;</a><span class="ni"> g63 2/22 13;</span><span class="ni"> g63 8/8 16;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/309/21"> w62 719;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/309/22"> w61 76,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/309/23"> 283;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/309/24"> w55 507;</a><span class="ni"> w47 324;</span><span class="ni"> w41 173</span></p> <p id="p312" data-pid="312" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-13-9" data-section-citation="045013009045013009"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 13:9</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p23" data-pid="23" class="s5"><strong>commit adultery:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/7/0">study note on Ro 2:22</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/453" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-454"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 20:14; De 5:18; Mt 5:27, 28; 1Co 6:9, 10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-454" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-454" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/454" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-455"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 9:6; Ex 20:13; De 5:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-455" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-455" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/455" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-456"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 20:15; De 5:19</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-456" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-456" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/456" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-457"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 20:17; De 5:21</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-457" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-457" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/457" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-458"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Le 19:18; Mt 22:39; Lu 10:36, 37</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-458" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-458" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p312" data-pid="312" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/310/0">w73 451-452;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/310/2"> w72 563;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/310/4"> g72 11/22 8;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/310/6"> w69 126;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/310/7"> w65 208;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/310/8"> w62 720;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/310/9"> w61 76,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/310/10"> 283,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/310/11"> 679;</a><span class="ni"> g60 11/22 28;</span><span class="ni"> w47 324;</span><span class="ni"> w41 47</span></p> <p id="p313" data-pid="313" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-13-10" data-section-citation="045013010045013010"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 13:10</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/458" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-459"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Lu 6:31; 1Co 13:4, 5; 2Ti 2:24</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-459" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-459" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/459" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-460"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 22:37-40</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-460" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-460" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p313" data-pid="313" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/311/0">w78 9/15 13;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/311/2"> g77 6/8 4;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/311/4"> w72 563;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/311/6"> g72 11/22 8;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/311/8"> w65 206;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/311/9"> w63 81,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/311/10"> 207,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/311/11"> 420;</a><span class="ni"> ln 54;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/311/13"> w62 720;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/311/14"> w61 76,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/311/15"> 283,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/311/16"> 679;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/311/17"> w59 680;</a><span class="ni"> w47 324;</span><span class="ni"> w41 47;</span><span class="ni"> w31 3</span></p> <p id="p314" data-pid="314" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-13-11" data-section-citation="045013011045013011"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 13:11</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/460" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-461"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Lu 21:36; 1Th 5:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-461" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-461" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p818" data-pid="818" class="se"></p> <p id="p819" data-pid="819" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/944/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 980</a></p> <div id="p820" data-pid="820"><p data-pid="820" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/945/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="820" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/945/0">11/15/2013, p. 7</a></p><p data-pid="820" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/946/0">3/15/2012, p. 11</a></p><p data-pid="820" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/947/0">5/1/1992, p. 23</a></p><p data-pid="820" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/948/0">10/1/1989, pp. 30-31</a></p> </div><p id="p821" data-pid="821" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p248" data-pid="248" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/246/0">it-2 980;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/246/2"> w13 11/15 7;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/246/4"> w12 3/15 11;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/246/6"> w92 5/1 23;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/246/8"> w89 10/1 30-31;</a></p> <p id="p249" data-pid="249" class="sx"></p> <p id="p314" data-pid="314" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/312/0">w79 3/15 31;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/312/2"> g71 11/22 3;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/312/4"> w62 497,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/312/5"> 721;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/312/6"> w57 145;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/312/7"> w53 220</a></p> <p id="p315" data-pid="315" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-13-12" data-section-citation="045013012045013012"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 13:12</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/461" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-462"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Eph 5:10, 11</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-462" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-462" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/462" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-463"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 6:4, 7; Eph 6:11; 1Th 5:8</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-463" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-463" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p821" data-pid="821" class="se"></p> <p id="p822" data-pid="822" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/949/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> pp. 254,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/950/0"> 499</a></p> <div id="p823" data-pid="823"><p data-pid="823" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/951/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="823" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/951/0">10/1/1989, pp. 30-31</a></p> </div><p id="p824" data-pid="824" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p249" data-pid="249" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/247/0">it-2 254,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/247/2"> 499;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/247/4"> w89 10/1 30-31;</a></p> <p id="p250" data-pid="250" class="sx"></p> <p id="p315" data-pid="315" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/313/0">w78 10/1 18;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/313/2"> ad 1067,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/313/3"> 1225;</a><span class="ni"> li 286;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/313/5"> w64 530;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/313/6"> w62 721;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/313/7"> w61 84;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/313/8"> w53 381;</a><span class="ni"> w47 377</span></p> <p id="p316" data-pid="316" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-13-13" data-section-citation="045013013045013013"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 13:13</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p25" data-pid="25" class="s5"><strong>wild parties:</strong> Or “revelries.” The Greek word <em>koʹmos</em> occurs three times in the Christian Greek Scriptures and always in an unfavorable sense. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/31/0" data-bid="32-1" class="b">Ga 5:21;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/31/1" data-bid="32-2" class="b"> 1Pe 4:3</a>) It has been defined as “drinking parties involving unrestrained indulgence in alcoholic beverages and accompanying immoral behavior.” In ancient Greek writings, the word was used in connection with riotous festal street processions that honored pagan gods, such as Dionysus (or Bacchus), the god of wine, with singing until late at night. Such processions and licentious conduct were common in Greek cities of the apostles’ time, including cities of Asia Minor. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/32/0" data-bid="33-1" class="b">1Pe 1:1</a>) Peter addressed his letter to Christians there who had “carried on in acts of . . . unbridled passions, overdrinking, wild parties, drinking bouts, and lawless idolatries” before becoming Christians. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/33/0" data-bid="34-1" class="b">1Pe 4:3, 4</a>) Paul included “wild parties” among “the works of the flesh,” adding that those who indulged in such behavior would “not inherit God’s Kingdom.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/34/0" data-bid="35-1" class="b">Ga 5:19-21</a>) In verses where the expression “wild parties” occurs, Paul and Peter also list such behavior as drunkenness, immoral intercourse, sexual immorality, uncleanness, brazen conduct, and unbridled passions.</p> <p id="p26" data-pid="26" class="s5"><strong>brazen conduct:</strong> Or “acts of shameless conduct.” Here the plural form of the Greek word <em>a·selʹgei·a</em> is used. This Greek word denotes conduct that is a serious violation of God’s laws and that reflects a brazen or boldly contemptuous attitude.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/8/0">Glossary</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/463" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-464"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 2:12</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-464" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-464" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/464" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-465"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Eph 4:19; 1Pe 4:3</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-465" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-465" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/465" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-466"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 12:20</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-466" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-466" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p824" data-pid="824" class="se"></p> <p id="p825" data-pid="825" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/952/0"><em>Enjoy Life Forever!,</em> lesson 43</a></p> <div id="p826" data-pid="826"><p data-pid="826" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/953/0"><em>Awake!,</em></a></p><p data-pid="826" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/953/0">1/8/2002, p. 21</a></p><p data-pid="826" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/954/0">6/8/1996, pp. 14-15</a></p> </div><p id="p827" data-pid="827" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p250" data-pid="250" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/248/0">lff lesson 43;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/248/2"> g02 1/8 21;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/248/5"> g96 6/8 14-15;</a></p> <p id="p251" data-pid="251" class="sx"></p> <p id="p316" data-pid="316" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/314/0">w78 10/1 18;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/314/2"> w74 13;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/314/4"> w73 575;</a><span class="ni"> g65 8/22 4;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/314/7"> w62 722;</a><span class="ni"> g62 8/22 28;</span><span class="ni"> g62 9/8 26;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/314/10"> w61 84</a></p> <p id="p317" data-pid="317" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-13-14" data-section-citation="045013014045013014"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 13:14</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p28" data-pid="28" class="s5"><strong>put on the Lord:</strong> Or “imitate the qualities (manners) of the Lord.” The Greek word for “put on” literally means “to clothe (dress) oneself.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/36/0" data-bid="37-1" class="b">Lu 15:22;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/36/1" data-bid="37-2" class="b"> Ac 12:21</a>) It is here used figuratively in the sense of taking on the characteristics of someone. The same Greek word is used at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/37/0" data-bid="38-1" class="b">Col 3:10,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/37/1" data-bid="38-2" class="b"> 12</a> in the expression “clothe yourselves with.” Paul’s admonition at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070730/38/0" data-bid="39-1" class="b">Ro 13:14</a> means that Christians should follow Jesus closely, figuratively clothing themselves with his example and his disposition, striving to be Christlike.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/466" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-467"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 11:1; Ga 3:27; Eph 4:24</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-467" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-467" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/467" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-468"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 5:16</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-468" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-468" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p827" data-pid="827" class="se"></p> <div id="p828" data-pid="828"><p data-pid="828" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/955/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="828" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/955/0">1/1/2007, pp. 17-18</a></p><p data-pid="828" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/956/0">1/1/2005, pp. 11-12</a></p><p data-pid="828" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/957/0">8/1/1991, p. 13</a></p><p data-pid="828" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/958/0">8/1/1990, p. 25</a></p><p data-pid="828" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/959/0">3/1/1990, p. 19</a></p> </div><p id="p829" data-pid="829" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p251" data-pid="251" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/249/0">w07 1/1 17-18;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/249/2"> w05 1/1 11-12;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/249/4"> w91 8/1 13;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/249/6"> w90 3/1 19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/249/8"> w90 8/1 25;</a></p> <p id="p252" data-pid="252" class="sx"></p> <p id="p317" data-pid="317" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/315/0">g84 9/22 22;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/315/2"> w78 10/1 18-19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/315/4"> w78 12/15 11;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/315/6"> w74 13;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/315/8"> w73 567-568;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/315/10"> w63 366;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/315/11"> w62 722</a></p> <p id="p318" data-pid="318" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div id="studyParallel" class="studyPane tabContent"> <div class="section"> <h3 class="title">Parallel Translations</h3> <div class="helpText">Click a verse number to display parallel Bible verses.</div> <div class="parallel"> <div class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div> <div class="extract"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="studyMarginals" class="studyPane tabContent"> <div class="section marginalsQuotation"><h3 class="title"><span class="sectionIcon"></span><span class="scalableui">Quotation</span></h3><div class="content categorizedMarginal"><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/453/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-454-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 20:14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-454-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-454-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/454/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-455-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 5:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-455-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-455-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/455/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-456-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 20:15</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-456-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-456-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/456/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-457-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 20:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-457-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-457-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/457/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-458-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Le 19:18</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-458-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-458-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="section marginalsGeneral"><h3 class="title"><span class="sectionIcon"></span><span class="scalableui">General</span></h3><div class="content categorizedMarginal"><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/442/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-443-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:1</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Tit 3:1; 1Pe 2:13, 14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-443-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-443-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/443/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-444-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:1</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 19:10, 11</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-444-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-444-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/444/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-445-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:1</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 17:26</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-445-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-445-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/445/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-446-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:3</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 2:13, 14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-446-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-446-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/446/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-447-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:3</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 3:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-447-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-447-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/447/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-448-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:5</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Col 3:22; 1Pe 2:19; 3:16</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-448-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-448-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/448/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-449-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:7</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 22:21; Mr 12:17; Lu 20:25</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-449-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-449-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/449/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-450-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:7</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Pr 24:21</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-450-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-450-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/450/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-451-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:7</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 2:13, 17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-451-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-451-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/451/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-452-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:8</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Col 3:14; 1Ti 1:5; 1Jo 4:11</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-452-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-452-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/452/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-453-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:8</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 5:14; Jas 2:8</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-453-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-453-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/453/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-454-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 5:18; Mt 5:27, 28; 1Co 6:9, 10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-454-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-454-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/454/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-455-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 9:6; Ex 20:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-455-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-455-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/455/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-456-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 5:19</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-456-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-456-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/456/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-457-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 5:21</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-457-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-457-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/457/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-458-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 22:39; Lu 10:36, 37</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-458-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-458-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/458/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-459-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:10</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Lu 6:31; 1Co 13:4, 5; 2Ti 2:24</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-459-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-459-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/459/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-460-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:10</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 22:37-40</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-460-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-460-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/460/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-461-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:11</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Lu 21:36; 1Th 5:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-461-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-461-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/461/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-462-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:12</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Eph 5:10, 11</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-462-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-462-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/462/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-463-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:12</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 6:4, 7; Eph 6:11; 1Th 5:8</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-463-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-463-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/463/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-464-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:13</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 2:12</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-464-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-464-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/464/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-465-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:13</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Eph 4:19; 1Pe 4:3</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-465-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-465-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/465/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-466-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:13</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 12:20</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-466-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-466-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/466/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-467-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:14</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 11:1; Ga 3:27; Eph 4:24</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-467-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-467-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/13/467/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-468-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 13:14</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 5:16</span></span></div><div 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class="b">+</a> for there is no authority except by God;<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/443" data-bid="444-1" class="b">+</a> the existing authorities stand placed in their relative positions by God.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/444" data-bid="445-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-13-2-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28360" class="vl vx vp study">2 </a>Therefore, whoever opposes<a id="footnotesource28" data-fnid="28" class="fn" href="/en/wol/fn/r1/lp-e/1001070149/27">*</a> the authority has taken a stand against the arrangement of God; those who have taken a stand against it will bring judgment against themselves. </span><span id="v45-13-3-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28361" class="vl vx vp study">3 </a>For those rulers are an object of fear, not to the good deed, but to the bad.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/445" data-bid="446-1" class="b">+</a> Do you want to be free of fear of the authority? Keep doing good,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/446" data-bid="447-1" class="b">+</a> and you will have praise from it; </span><span id="v45-13-4-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28362" class="vl vx vp study">4 </a>for it is God’s minister<a id="footnotesource29" data-fnid="29" class="fn" href="/en/wol/fn/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28">*</a> to you for your good. But if you are doing what is bad, be in fear, for it is not without purpose that it bears the sword. It is God’s minister, an avenger to express wrath against the one practicing what is bad.</span></p> <p id="p70" data-pid="70" class="sb"><span id="v45-13-5-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28363" class="vl vx vp study">5 </a>There is therefore compelling reason for you to be in subjection, not only on account of that wrath but also on account of your conscience.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/447" data-bid="448-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-13-6-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28364" class="vl vx vp study">6 </a>That is why you are also paying taxes; for they are God’s public servants constantly serving this very purpose. </span><span id="v45-13-7-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28365" class="vl vx vp study">7 </a>Render to all their dues: to the one who calls for the tax, the tax;<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/448" data-bid="449-1" class="b">+</a> to the one who calls for the tribute, the tribute; to the one who calls for fear, such fear;<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/449" data-bid="450-1" class="b">+</a> to the one who calls for honor, such honor.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/450" data-bid="451-1" class="b">+</a></span></p> <p id="p71" data-pid="71" class="sb"><span id="v45-13-8-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28366" class="vl vx vp">8 </a>Do not owe anything to anyone except to love one another;<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/451" data-bid="452-1" class="b">+</a> for whoever loves his fellow man has fulfilled the law.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/452" data-bid="453-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-13-9-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28367" class="vl vx vp study">9 </a>For the law code, “You must not commit adultery,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/453" data-bid="454-1" class="b">+</a> you must not murder,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/454" data-bid="455-1" class="b">+</a> you must not steal,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/455" data-bid="456-1" class="b">+</a> you must not covet,”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/456" data-bid="457-1" class="b">+</a> and whatever other commandment there is, is summed up in this saying: “You must love your neighbor as yourself.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/457" data-bid="458-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-13-10-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28368" class="vl vx vp">10 </a>Love does not work evil to one’s neighbor;<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/458" data-bid="459-1" class="b">+</a> therefore, love is the law’s fulfillment.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/459" data-bid="460-1" class="b">+</a></span></p> <p id="p72" data-pid="72" class="sb"><span id="v45-13-11-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28369" class="vl vx vp">11 </a>And do this because you know the season, that it is already the hour for you to awake from sleep,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/460" data-bid="461-1" class="b">+</a> for now our salvation is nearer than at the time when we became believers. </span><span id="v45-13-12-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28370" class="vl vx vp">12 </a>The night is well along; the day has drawn near. Let us therefore throw off the works belonging to darkness<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/461" data-bid="462-1" class="b">+</a> and let us put on the weapons of the light.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/462" data-bid="463-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-13-13-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28371" class="vl vx vp study">13 </a>Let us walk decently<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/463" data-bid="464-1" class="b">+</a> as in the daytime, not in wild parties and drunkenness, not in immoral intercourse and brazen conduct,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/464" data-bid="465-1" class="b">+</a> not in strife and jealousy.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/465" data-bid="466-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-13-14-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28372" class="vl vx vp study">14 </a>But put on the Lord Jesus Christ,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/466" data-bid="467-1" class="b">+</a> and do not be planning ahead for the desires of the flesh.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/467" data-bid="468-1" class="b">+</a></span></p>  <div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pswp__bg"></div> <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div> <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar"> <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button> <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div 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