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.sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <p><a href="/wiki/Repentance" title="Repentance">Repentance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/tʃuvɑː/</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">תשובה</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tǝšūvā</i></span> "return") is one element of <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Judaism" title="Atonement in Judaism">atoning</a> for <a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_sin" title="Jewish views on sin">sin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>. Judaism recognizes that everybody sins on occasion, but that people can stop or minimize those occasions in the future by repenting for past transgressions. Thus, the primary purpose of repentance in Judaism is ethical self-transformation.<sup id="cite_ref-Telushkin_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telushkin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> defines the essence of repentance as follows: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"The sinner must leave his sin, and remove it from his thoughts, and decide in his heart not to do it again... and he must regret the past... and [God] must know that he will never return to this sin... and he must confess with his lips, and say those matters which he decided in his heart."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A Jewish penitent is traditionally known as a <i><a href="/wiki/Baal_teshuva" title="Baal teshuva">baal teshuva</a></i>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#How_to_repent"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">How to repent</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Forsaking_the_sin"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Forsaking the sin</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#When_to_repent"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">When to repent</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Effects"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Effects</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Commentary"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Commentary</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="How_to_repent">How to repent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Repentance_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: How to repent" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Numerous guides to the repentance process can be found in rabbinical literature. </p><p>According to <i>Gates of Repentance</i>, a standard work of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Jewish ethics</a> written by <a href="/wiki/Yonah_Gerondi" title="Yonah Gerondi">Rabbenu Yonah of Gerona</a>, a sinner repents by:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>regretting/acknowledging the sin;</li> <li>forsaking the sin (see below);</li> <li>worrying about the future consequences of the sin;</li> <li>acting and speaking with humility;</li> <li>acting in a way opposite to that of the sin (for example, for the sin of lying, one should speak the truth);</li> <li>understanding the magnitude of the sin;</li> <li>refraining from lesser sins for the purpose of safeguarding oneself against committing greater sins;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viduy" class="mw-redirect" title="Viduy">confessing the sin</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">praying</a> for atonement;</li> <li>correcting the sin however possible (for example, if one stole an object, the stolen item must be returned; or, if one slanders another, the slanderer must ask the injured party for forgiveness);</li> <li>pursuing works of <i><a href="/wiki/Chesed" title="Chesed">chesed</a></i> and truth;</li> <li>remembering the sin for the rest of one's life;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>refraining from committing the same sin if the opportunity presents itself again;</li> <li>teaching others not to sin.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forsaking_the_sin">Forsaking the sin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Repentance_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Forsaking the sin" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The second of Rabbenu Yonah's "Principles of Repentance" is "forsaking the sin" (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: עזיבת–החטא, <i>azivat-hachet</i>). After regretting the sin (Rabbenu Yonah's first principle), the penitent must resolve never to repeat the sin.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Judaism recognizes that the process of repentance varies from penitent to penitent and from sin to sin. For example, a non-habitual sinner often feels the sting of the sin more acutely than the habitual sinner. Therefore, a non-habitual sinner will have an easier time repenting, because he or she will be less likely to repeat the sinful behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-Scherman_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scherman-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The case of the habitual sinner is more complex. If the habitual sinner regrets his or her sin at all, that regret alone clearly does not translate into a change in behavior. In such a case, Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Nosson_Scherman" title="Nosson Scherman">Nosson Scherman</a> recommends devising "a personal system of reward and punishment" and avoiding circumstances that may cause temptation toward the relevant sin.<sup id="cite_ref-Scherman_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scherman-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One is shown to have fully repented if they are presented with an opportunity to perform the same sin under the same conditions, yet they manage to refrain from doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> states: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To a man who says, 'I will sin and repent, I will sin and repent', <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a> brings no atonement. For sins against God, Yom Kippur brings atonement. For sins against one's fellow man, Yom Kippur brings no atonement until he appeases the fellow man he wronged.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="When_to_repent">When to repent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Repentance_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: When to repent" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>One should repent immediately. A parable is told in the Talmud that <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Eliezer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbi Eliezer">Rabbi Eliezer</a> taught his disciples, "Repent one day before your death." The disciples politely questioned whether one can know the day of one's death, so Rabbi Eliezer answered, "All the more reason, therefore, to repent today, lest one die tomorrow."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of Judaism's understanding of the annual process of <a href="/wiki/Divine_Judgment" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Judgment">Divine Judgment</a>, Jews believe that God is especially open to repentance during the period from the beginning of the month of <a href="/wiki/Elul" title="Elul">Elul</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Days_of_Repentance" title="Ten Days of Repentance">Ten Days of Repentance</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaShanah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosh HaShanah">Rosh HaShanah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a>), and, according to <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoshana_Rabbah" title="Hoshana Rabbah">Hoshana Rabbah</a>. Another good time to repent is toward the end of one's life.<sup id="cite_ref-Telushkin_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telushkin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another occasion on which forgiveness is granted is whenever the entire community gathers and cries out to God full-heartedly due to their distress.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Effects">Effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Repentance_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Effects" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The Talmud debates the spiritual level of a person who has repented (a <i>baal teshuvah</i>). According to one opinion, this level is lower than that of a "fully <a href="/wiki/Tzadik" title="Tzadik">righteous</a>" person who has never sinned. According to another opinion, though, it is even higher than that of a fully righteous person.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Talmud makes two statements about the power of repentance to transform one's past sins: If one repents out of fear, the intentional sins are turned into unintentional sins. But if one repents out of love, the intentional sins actually become merits.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first statement can be easily understood, in that if one committed the sin unaware of its consequences (e.g. punishment), and subsequently becomes aware, the sin was committed in a state of incomplete knowledge. The second statement is harder to understand, and different interpretations have been suggested. According to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dov_Soloveitchik" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Dov Soloveitchik">Joseph Dov Soloveitchik</a>, the meaning is that a person who repents out of love embarks on a journey of self-transformation, in which they use the pain of their failure as a spur to self-improvement. Thus, the magnitude of the original sin is eventually reflected in the magnitude of the good traits which the penitent develops in response.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Commentary">Commentary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Repentance_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commentary" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, <a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a> <a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">created</a> repentance before He created the <a href="/wiki/Physical_universe" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical universe">physical universe</a>, making it among the first things created.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jewish tradition describes many people who repented, including: </p> <ul><li>In 609 BCE King <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a> of Israel was killed in battle by Pharaoh Necho II; Josiah's death was brought about because, despite his sincere religious reform, he had in fact been deceived as the people did not follow his reforms; thus he refused to heed the Prophet Jeremiah, thinking that no sword would pass through the Land of Israel. He was struck by 300 darts; he made no complaint except to acknowledge "The Lord is righteous, for I rebelled against His commandment.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>After <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> in CE 44, <a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa" title="Herod Agrippa">Herod Agrippa</a> went to <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a>, where he had games performed in honor of Claudius. In the midst of his speech to the public, a cry went out that he was a god, and Agrippa did not then publicly react. At this time he saw an <a href="/wiki/Owl" title="Owl">owl</a> perched over his head. During his imprisonment by Tiberius, a similar <a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">omen</a> had been interpreted as portending his speedy release and future kingship, with the warning that should he behold the same sight again, he would die. He was immediately smitten with violent pains, scolded his friends for flattering him, and accepted his imminent death in a state of <a href="/wiki/Teshuva" class="mw-redirect" title="Teshuva">Teshuva</a>. He experienced heart pains and pain in his abdomen and died after five days.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>If a person strays from the path of goodness in some aspect, there is always a "way back" if a person wills to try taking it. (Although texts mention some specific categories for whom the way back will be exceedingly hard, such as the slanderer, the habitual gossiper, and the malicious person.) </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Repentance_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Judaism" title="Atonement in Judaism">Atonement in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal_teshuva" title="Baal teshuva">Baal teshuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal_teshuva_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Baal teshuva movement">Baal teshuva movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgiveness" title="Forgiveness">Forgiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Ethics">Jewish Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jewish_outreach" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Jewish outreach">Orthodox Jewish outreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawbah">Tawbah</a>, a similar concept in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a>, a similar concept in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Repentance_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Telushkin-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telushkin_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telushkin_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Telushkin, Joseph. <i>A Code of Jewish Ethics: Volume 1 - You Shall Be Holy</i>. New York: Bell Tower, 2006. p. 152-173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a>, Teshuvah 2:2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Yonah_Gerondi" title="Yonah Gerondi">Yonah Gerondi</a>, <i>Shaarei Teshuva: The Gates of Repentance</i>. Trans. <a href="/wiki/Shraga_Silverstein" title="Shraga Silverstein">Shraga Silverstein</a>. Jerusalem, Israel: Feldheim Publishers, 1971. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Thus, “He guards Lovingkindness for thousands”— even though a person has sinned thousands of times and made thousands of blemishes, God can and will forgive him, i.e. all sins</i> (if he repents) (Rebbe <a href="/wiki/Nachman_of_Breslov" title="Nachman of Breslov">Nachman of Breslov</a>. <i>Likutey Halakhot</i> I, p. 1b)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yonah, 14-15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scherman-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scherman_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scherman_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nosson_Scherman" title="Nosson Scherman">Nosson Scherman</a>. "An Overview - Day of Atonement and Purity." An Overview. <i>The Complete ArtScroll Machzor: Yom Kippur</i>. By Scherman. Trans. Scherman. Brooklyn, NY: Mesorah Publications, 2008. XIV-XXII.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.86b.8">Yoma 86b</a>; Maimonides "Laws of Repentance" 2:1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> Yoma 8:9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Shabbat</i> 153a; quoted in Telushkin, 155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a>, Hilchot Teshuvah 2:6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.34b.21">Berakhot<i> 34b</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.86b.3">Yoma 86b</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asif.co.il/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mimaayan-8-206-222.pdf">גדולה תשובה - זדונות כזכויות</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nedarim_(tractate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nedarim (tractate)">Nedarim</a> 39b</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGinzbergCohen1913" class="citation web cs1">Ginzberg, Louis; Cohen, Boaz (January 8, 1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3RXG43DWPjEC&q=Josiah">"The Legends of the Jews"</a>. Jewish publication society of America – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Legends+of+the+Jews&rft.pub=Jewish+publication+society+of+America&rft.date=1913-01-08&rft.aulast=Ginzberg&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Boaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3RXG43DWPjEC%26q%3DJosiah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepentance+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a></i> xix. 345–350 (Chapter 8 para 2)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><i>Theological dictionary of the Old Testament</i>: Vol.14 p473 G. Johannes Botterweck, Helmer Ringgren, Heinz-Josef Fabry - 2004 "The noun t'suba occurs 4 times in the Dtr History, twice in the Chronicler's History and in Job."</li> <li>Jacob J. Petuchowski, <i>The Concept of 'Teshuva' in the Bible and Talmud</i>, Judaism 17 (1968), 175–185.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Repentance_in_Judaism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Agrippa,_Herod,_I." class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Agrippa, Herod, I.">Agrippa, Herod, I.</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 425.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Agrippa%2C+Herod%2C+I.&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=425&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepentance+in+Judaism" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/repentence.html">"Repentance" at Jewish Virtual Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/12680-repentance">Repentance in the Jewish Encyclopedia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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