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Hugh of Saint Victor - Wikipedia

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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hugh of Saint Victor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen-Viktorlu_H%C3%BCqo" title="Sen-Viktorlu Hüqo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sen-Viktorlu Hüqo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_od_svetog_Viktora" title="Hugo od svetog Viktora – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hugo od svetog Viktora" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hug_de_Sant_V%C3%ADctor" title="Hug de Sant Víctor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hug de Sant Víctor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_od_Svat%C3%A9ho_Viktora" title="Hugo od Svatého Viktora – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hugo od Svatého Viktora" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_af_Saint-Victor" title="Hugo af Saint-Victor – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hugo af Saint-Victor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_von_St._Viktor" title="Hugo von St. Viktor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hugo von St. Viktor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_de_San_V%C3%ADctor" title="Hugo de San Víctor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hugo de San Víctor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_de_Sankta_Viktoro" title="Hugo de Sankta Viktoro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hugo de Sankta Viktoro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugues_de_Saint-Victor" title="Hugues de Saint-Victor – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hugues de Saint-Victor" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EA%B7%B8_%EB%93%9C_%EC%83%9D%EB%B9%85%ED%86%A0%EB%A5%B4" title="위그 드 생빅토르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위그 드 생빅토르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_od_sv._Viktora" title="Hugo od sv. Viktora – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hugo od sv. Viktora" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugo_di_San_Vittore" title="Ugo di San Vittore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ugo di San Vittore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%92_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9F-%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8" title="איג מסן-ויקטור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איג מסן-ויקטור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гуго Сен-Викторский – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гуго Сен-Викторский" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_de_Sancto_Victore" title="Hugo de Sancto Victore – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hugo de Sancto Victore" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szentviktori_Hug%C3%B3" title="Szentviktori Hugó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szentviktori Hugó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA_%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="هوج اوف ساينت ڤيكتور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هوج اوف ساينت ڤيكتور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_van_Sint-Victor" title="Hugo van Sint-Victor – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hugo van Sint-Victor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E3%83%95%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC" title="サン・ヴィクトルのフーゴー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サン・ヴィクトルのフーゴー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_av_St._Victor" title="Hugo av St. Victor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hugo av St. Victor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugon_ze_%C5%9Bw._Wiktora" title="Hugon ze św. Wiktora – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hugon ze św. Wiktora" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_de_S%C3%A3o_Vitor" title="Hugo de São Vitor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hugo de São Vitor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гуго Сен-Викторский – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гуго Сен-Викторский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_zo_Sv%C3%A4t%C3%A9ho_Viktora" title="Hugo zo Svätého Viktora – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hugo zo Svätého Viktora" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Svetoviktorski" title="Hugo Svetoviktorski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hugo Svetoviktorski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_od_sv._Viktora" title="Hugo od sv. Viktora – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hugo od sv. Viktora" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_av_Sankt_Victor" title="Hugo av Sankt Victor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hugo av Sankt Victor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гуго Сен-Вікторський – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гуго Сен-Вікторський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%91%E6%A0%BC" title="聖維克托的休格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聖維克托的休格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q317554#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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theologian</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Hugh of Saint Victor</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugostv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hugostv.jpg/220px-Hugostv.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hugostv.jpg/330px-Hugostv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hugostv.jpg/440px-Hugostv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="1008" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Hugh of Saint Victor</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;1096</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Probably the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Duchy of Saxony</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 February 1141<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint-Victor,_Paris" title="Abbey of Saint-Victor, Paris">Abbey of Saint-Victor, Paris</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">Medieval philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hugh of Saint Victor</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1096 – 11 February 1141) was a <a href="/wiki/Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxon">Saxon</a> <a href="/wiki/Canon_regular" title="Canon regular">canon regular</a> and a leading theologian and writer on <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystical theology</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Saint_Victor&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with many medieval figures, little is known about Hugh's early life. He was probably born in the 1090s. His homeland may have been <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Duchy of Saxony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Some sources say that his birth occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Harz_(district)" title="Harz (district)">Harz district</a>, being the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Regenstein" title="House of Regenstein">Baron Conrad</a> of <a href="/wiki/Blankenburg_(Harz)" title="Blankenburg (Harz)">Blankenburg</a>. Over the protests of his family, he entered the <a href="/wiki/Priory" title="Priory">Priory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pancras_of_Rome" title="Pancras of Rome">St. Pancras</a>, a community of <a href="/wiki/Canons_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons regular">canons regular</a>, where he had studied, located at <i>Hamerleve</i> or <i>Hamersleben</i>, near <a href="/wiki/Halberstadt" title="Halberstadt">Halberstadt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CE_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to civil unrest shortly after his entry to the priory, Hugh's uncle, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_of_Blankenburg" title="Reinhard of Blankenburg">Reinhard of Blankenburg</a>, who was the local <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a>, advised him to transfer to the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Victor,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of Saint Victor, Paris">Abbey of Saint Victor in Paris</a>, where he himself had studied theology. He accepted his uncle's advice and made the move at a date which is unclear, possibly 1115–18 or around 1120.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He spent the rest of his life there, advancing to head the school.<sup id="cite_ref-CE_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Saint_Victor&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugo_de_Sancto_Victore_%E2%80%93_De_claustro_anime,_14th-century_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13980095.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hugo_de_Sancto_Victore_%E2%80%93_De_claustro_anime%2C_14th-century_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13980095.jpg/220px-Hugo_de_Sancto_Victore_%E2%80%93_De_claustro_anime%2C_14th-century_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13980095.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hugo_de_Sancto_Victore_%E2%80%93_De_claustro_anime%2C_14th-century_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13980095.jpg/330px-Hugo_de_Sancto_Victore_%E2%80%93_De_claustro_anime%2C_14th-century_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13980095.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hugo_de_Sancto_Victore_%E2%80%93_De_claustro_anime%2C_14th-century_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13980095.jpg/440px-Hugo_de_Sancto_Victore_%E2%80%93_De_claustro_anime%2C_14th-century_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13980095.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1458" data-file-height="2121" /></a><figcaption><i>De claustro anime</i>, 14th-century manuscript. Hereford, Cathedral Library, Manuscript collection, P.5.XII.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hugh wrote many works from the 1120s until his death (Migne, <i>Patrologia Latina</i> contains 46 works by Hugh, and this is not a full collection), including works of theology (both treatises and <i>sententiae</i>), commentaries (mostly on the Bible but also including one of <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Dionysius">pseudo-Dionysius</a>' <i>Celestial Hierarchies</i>), mysticism, philosophy and the arts, and a number of letters and sermons.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hugh was influenced by many people, but chiefly by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Augustine">Saint Augustine</a>, especially in holding that the arts and philosophy can serve theology. </p><p>Hugh's most significant works include: </p> <ul><li><i>De sacramentis christianae fidei</i> (<i>On the Mysteries of the Christian Faith</i>/<i>On the Sacraments of the Christian Faith</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It is Hugh's most celebrated masterpiece and presents the bulk of Hugh's thoughts on theological and mystical ideas, ranging from God and angels to natural laws.</li> <li><i>Didascalicon de studio legendi</i> (<i>Didascalicon, or, On the Study of Reading</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The subtitle to the <i>Didascalicon,</i> De Studio Legendi, makes the purpose of Hugh's tract clear. Written for the students at the school of Saint Victor, the work is a preliminary introduction to the theological and exegetical studies taught at the Parisian schools, the most advanced centers of learning in Europe in the 12th century. Citing a wide range classical and medieval sources, and with Augustine as his principal authority, Hugh sets forth a comprehensive synthesis of rhetoric, philosophy, and exegesis, designed to serve as a foundation for advanced theological study. The Didascalicon is primarily pedagogical, and not speculative, in nature. It provides the modern reader with a clear sense of the intellectual equipment expected of, if not always fully possessed by, high medieval theologians.</li> <li>In 1125–30, Hugh wrote three treatises structured around Noah's ark: <i>De arca Noe morali</i> (<i>Noah's Moral Ark</i>/<i>On the Moral Interpretation of the Ark of Noah</i>), <i>De arca Noe mystica</i> (<i>Noah's Mystical Ark</i>/<i>On the Mystic Interpretation of the Ark of Noah</i>), and <i>De vanitate mundi</i> (<i>The World's Vanity</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>De arca Noe morali</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/De_arca_Noe_mystica" class="mw-redirect" title="De arca Noe mystica">De arca Noe mystica</a></i> reflect Hugh's fascination with both mysticism and the book of Genesis.</li> <li><i>In Hierarchiam celestem commentaria</i> (<i>Commentary on the Celestial Hierarchy</i>), a commentary on the work by pseudo-Dionysius, perhaps begun around 1125.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">Eriugena</a>'s translation of Dionysius in the ninth century, there is almost no interest shown in Dionysius until Hugh's commentary.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It is possible that Hugh may have decided to produce the commentary (which perhaps originated in lectures to students) because of the continuing (incorrect) belief that the patron saint of the Abbey of Saint Denis, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Denis of Paris">Saint Denis</a>, was to be identified with pseudo-Dionysius. Dionysian thought did not form an important influence on the rest of Hugh's work. Hugh's commentary, however, became a major part of the twelfth and thirteenth-century surge in interest in Dionysius; his and Eriugena's commentaries were often attached to the Dionysian corpus in manuscripts, such that his thought had great influence on later interpretation of Dionysius by <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_St_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard of St Victor">Richard of St Victor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gallus" title="Thomas Gallus">Thomas Gallus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Balma" title="Hugh of Balma">Hugh of Balma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Other works by Hugh of St Victor include: </p> <ul><li><i>In Salomonis Ecclesiasten</i> (<i>Commentary on Ecclesiastes</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>De tribus diebus</i> (<i>On the Three Days</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>De sapientia animae Christi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>De unione corporis et spiritus</i> (<i>The Union of the Body and the Spirit</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Epitome Dindimi in philosophiam</i> (<i>Epitome of Dindimus on Philosophy</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Roger_Baron_1966_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roger_Baron_1966-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Practica Geometriae</i> (<i>The Practice of Geometry</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Roger_Baron_1966_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roger_Baron_1966-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>De Grammatica</i> (<i>On Grammar</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Roger_Baron_1966_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roger_Baron_1966-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Soliloquium de Arrha Animae</i> (<i>The Soliloquy on the Earnest Money of the Soul</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>De contemplatione et ejus speciebus</i> (<i>On Contemplation and its Forms</i>). This is one of the earliest systematic works devoted to contemplation. It appears not to have been written by Hugh himself, but composed by one of his students, possibly from classnotes from his lectures.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>On Sacred Scripture and its Authors</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Various other treatises exist whose authorship by Hugh is uncertain. Six of these are reprinted, in Latin in Roger Baron, ed, <i>Hugues de Saint-Victor: Six Opuscules Spirituels</i>, <i>Sources chrétiennes</i> 155, (Paris, 1969). They are: <i>De meditatione</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>De verbo Dei</i>, <i>De substantia dilectionis</i>, <i>Quid vere diligendus est</i>, <i>De quinque septenis </i>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <i>De septem donis Spiritus sancti</i><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>De anima</i> is a treatise of the soul: the text will be found in the edition of Hugh's works in the <i><a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Latina" title="Patrologia Latina">Patrologia Latina</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/J._P._Migne" class="mw-redirect" title="J. P. Migne">J. P. Migne</a>. Part of it was paraphrased in the West Mercian dialect of Middle English by the author of the <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Group" title="Katherine Group">Katherine Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Various other works were wrongly attributed to Hugh in later thought. One such particularly influential work was the <i>Exposition of the Rule of St Augustine</i>, now accepted to be from the Victorine school but not by Hugh of St Victor.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new edition of Hugh's works has been started. The first publication is: <i>Hugonis de Sancto Victore De sacramentis Christiane fidei</i>, ed. Rainer Berndt, Münster: Aschendorff, 2008. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy_and_theology">Philosophy and theology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Saint_Victor&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Philosophy and theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early <i>Didascalicon</i> was an elementary, encyclopedic approach to God and Christ, in which Hugh avoided controversial subjects and focused on what he took to be commonplaces of Catholic Christianity. In it he outlined three types of philosophy or "science" [scientia] that can help mortals improve themselves and advance toward God: theoretical philosophy (theology, mathematics, physics) provides them with truth, practical philosophy (ethics, economics, politics) aids them in becoming virtuous and prudent, and "mechanical" or "illiberal" philosophy (e.g., carpentry, agriculture, medicine) yields physical benefits. A fourth philosophy, logic, is preparatory to the others and exists to ensure clear and proper conclusions in them. Hugh's deeply mystical bent did not prevent him from seeing philosophy as a useful tool for understanding the divine, or from using it to argue on behalf of faith. </p><p>Hugh was heavily influenced by Augustine's exegesis of <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a>. Divine Wisdom was the archetypal form of creation. The creation of the world in six days was a mystery for man to contemplate, perhaps even a <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacrament</a>. God's forming order from chaos to make the world was a message to humans to rise up from their own chaos of ignorance and become creatures of Wisdom and therefore beauty. This kind of mystical-ethical interpretation was typical for Hugh, who tended to find <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a> interesting for its moral lessons rather than as a literal account of events. </p><p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sacraments" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments">sacraments</a> were divine gifts that God gave man to redeem himself, though God could have used other means. Hugh separated everything along the lines of <i>opus creationis</i> and <i>opus restaurationis</i>. <i>Opus Creationis</i> was the works of the creation, referring to God's creative activity, the true good natures of things, and the original state and destiny of humanity. The <i>opus restaurationis</i> was that which dealt with the reasons for God sending <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> and the consequences of that. Hugh believed that God did not have to send Jesus and that He had other options open to Him. Why he chose to send Jesus is a mystery we are to meditate on and is to be learned through revelation, with the aid of philosophy to facilitate understanding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Saint_Victor&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the Abbey of St Victor, many scholars who followed him are often known as the 'School of St Victor'. <a href="/wiki/Andrew_of_St_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew of St Victor">Andrew of St Victor</a> studied under Hugh.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Others, who probably entered the community too late to be directly educated by Hugh, include <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Saint_Victor" title="Richard of Saint Victor">Richard of Saint Victor</a> and Godfrey.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> One of Hugh's ideals that did not take root in St Victor, however, was his embracing of science and philosophy as tools for approaching God.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>His works are in hundreds of libraries all across Europe.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> He is quoted in many other publications after his death,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a> praises him in <i>De reductione artium ad theologiam</i>. </p><p>He was also an influence on the critic <a href="/wiki/Erich_Auerbach" title="Erich Auerbach">Erich Auerbach</a>, who cited this passage from Hugh of St Victor in his essay "Philology and World Literature":<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>It is therefore, a source of great virtue for the practiced mind to learn, bit by bit, first to change about in visible and transitory things, so that afterwards it may be able to leave them behind altogether. The person who finds his homeland sweet is a tender beginner; he to whom every soil is as his native one is already strong; but he is perfect to whom the entire world is as a foreign place. The tender soul has fixed his love on one spot in the world; the strong person has extended his love to all places; the perfect man has extinguished his.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_2">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Saint_Victor&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_editions">Modern editions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Saint_Victor&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Modern editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Latin text</dt></dl> <ul><li>Latin texts of Hugh of St. Victor are available in the Migne edition at Documenta Catholica Omnia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/30_10_1096-1141-_Hugo_De_S_Victore.html">http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/30_10_1096-1141-_Hugo_De_S_Victore.html</a></li> <li>Henry Buttimer, <i>Hugonis de Sancto Victore. Didascalicon. De Studio Legendi</i> (Washington, DC: Catholic University Press, 1939).</li> <li>Hugh of St Victor, <i>L'oeuvre de Hugues de Saint-Victor. 1. De institutione novitiorum. De virtute orandi. De laude caritatis. De arrha animae</i>, Latin text edited by H.B. Feiss &amp; P. Sicard; French translation by D. Poirel, H. Rochais &amp; P. Sicard. Introduction, notes and appendices by D. Poirel (Turnhout, Brepols, 1997)</li> <li>Hugues de Saint-Victor, <i>L'oeuvre de Hugues de Saint-Victor. 2. Super Canticum Mariae. Pro Assumptione Virginis. De beatae Mariae virginitate. Egredietur virga, Maria porta</i>, edited by B. Jollès (Turnhout: Brepols, 2000)</li> <li>Hugo de Sancto Victore, <i>De archa Noe. Libellus de formatione arche</i>, ed Patricius Sicard, CCCM vol 176, Hugonis de Sancto Victore Opera, I (Turnhout: Brepols, 2001)</li> <li>Hugo de Sancto Victore, <i>De tribus diebus</i>, ed Dominique Poirel, CCCM vol 177, Hugonis de Sancto Victore Opera, II (Turnhout: Brepols, 2002)</li> <li>Hugo de Sancto Victore, <i>De sacramentis Christiane fidei</i>, ed. Rainer Berndt (Münster: Aschendorff, 2008)</li> <li>Hugo de Sancto Victore, <i>Super Ierarchiam Dionysii</i>, CCCM vol 178, Hugonis de Sancto Victore Opera, III (Turnhout: Brepols, forthcoming)</li></ul> <dl><dt>English translations</dt></dl> <ul><li>Hugh of St Victor, <i>Explanation of the Rule of St. Augustine</i>, translated by Aloysius Smith (London, 1911)</li> <li>Hugh of St Victor, <i>The Soul's Betrothal-Gift</i>, translated by FS Taylor (London, 1945) [translation of <i>De Arrha Animae</i>]</li> <li>Hugh of St Victor, <i>On the sacraments of the Christian faith: (De sacramentis)</i>, translated by Roy J Deferrari (Cambridge, MA: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1951)</li> <li><i>Hugh of Saint-Victor: Selected spiritual writings</i>, translated by a religious of C.S.M.V.; with an introduction by Aelred Squire. (London: Faber, 1962) [reprinted in Eugene, Oregon: Wipf &amp; Stock Publishers, 2009] [contains a translation of the first four books of <i>De arca Noe morali</i> and the first two (of four) books of <i>De vanitate mundi</i>].</li> <li><i>The Didascalicon of Hugh of St. Victor</i>, translated by Jerome Taylor (New York and London: Columbia U. P., 1961) [reprinted 1991] [translation of the <i>Didascalicon</i>]</li> <li><i>Soliloquy on the Earnest Money of the Soul</i>, trans Kevin Herbert (Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press, 1984) [translation of <i>Soliloquium de Arrha Animae</i>]</li> <li>Hugh of St Victor, <i>Practica Geometriae</i>, trans. Frederick A Homann (Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1991)</li> <li>Hugh of St Victor, extracts from <i>Introductory Notes on the Scriptures and on the Scriptural Writers</i>, trans Denys Turner, in Denys Turner, <i>Eros and Allegory: Medieval Exegesis of the Song of Songs</i> (Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1995), 265-274</li> <li><i>Hugh of Saint Victor on the Sacraments of the Christian Faith</i>, trans Roy Deferrari (Eugene, Oregon: Wipf &amp; Stock Publishers, 2007) [translation of <i>De Sacramentis Christianae Fidei</i>]</li> <li>Boyd Taylor Coolman and Dale M Coulter, eds, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4426gReUx5QC"><i>Trinity and creation: a selection of works of Hugh, Richard and Adam of St Victor</i></a> (Turnhout: Brepols, 2010) [includes translation of Hugh of St Victor, <i>On the Three Days</i> and <i>Sentences on Divinity</i>]</li> <li>Hugh Feiss, ed, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lqy8oY1eTr0C"><i>On love: a selection of works of Hugh, Adam, Achard, Richard and Godfrey of St Victor</i></a> (Turnhout: Brepols, 2011) [includes translations of <i>The Praise of the Bridegroom</i>, <i>On the Substance of Love</i>, <i>On the Praise of Charity</i>, <i>What Truly Should be Loved?</i>, <i>On the Four Degrees of Violent Love,</i> trans. A.B. Kraebel, and <i>Soliloquy on the Betrothal-Gift of the Soul</i>]</li> <li>Franklin T. Harkins and Frans van Liere, eds, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GlTl7jChOEsC&amp;dq"><i>Interpretation of scripture: theory. A selection of works of Hugh, Andrew, Richard and Godfrey of St Victor, and of Robert of Melun</i></a> (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2012) [contains translations of: <i>Didascalion on the study of reading</i>, introduced and translated by Franklin T Harkins; <i>On Sacred Scripture and its authors</i> and <i> The diligent examiner</i>, introduced and translated by Frans van Liere; <i>On the sacraments of the Christian faith, prologues</i>, introduced and translated by Christopher P Evans]</li></ul> <p>The <i>Compendium of Philosophy</i> (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Compendium Philosophiae</i></span>) attributed to <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_St_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh of St Victor">Hugh of St Victor</a> in several medieval manuscripts, upon rediscovery and examination in the 20th century, has turned out to have actually been a recension of <a href="/wiki/William_of_Conches" title="William of Conches">William of Conches</a>'s <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">De Philosophia Mundi</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOttaviano1935_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOttaviano1935-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerrara201639–41_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerrara201639–41-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Saint_Victor&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_memory#Principles" title="Art of memory">Art of memory §&#160;Principles</a>, where Hugh's <i>Didascalicon</i> and <i>Chronica</i> are referred to.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Mande" title="Hendrik Mande">Hendrik Mande</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mystic_Ark" title="The Mystic Ark">The Mystic Ark</a></i>, painting by Hugh</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Saint_Victor&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Saint_Victor&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dominique Poirel, Les origines germaniques de la pensée d'Hugues de Saint-Victor p. 173 sqq.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Furnal, J., <i>The Dialectic of Faith and Reason in Cornelio Fabro's Reading of Kierkegaard's Theology</i> (Theological Studies, 2017, Vol. 78(3) 718–739), p. 735</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B McGinn, <i>The Growth of Mysticism</i>, (1994), p365</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CE-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CE_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CE_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07521c.htm"><i>Catholic Encyclopedia:Hugh of St. Victor</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGinn (1994), p365, gives 'around 1120' as the date.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A helpful, though not necessarily complete, list of Hugh's work – along with modern editions and translations – is printed in Hugh Feiss, ed, <i>On Love</i>, (2010), pp15-20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reprinted in PL 176:173-618 and in <i>Hugonis de Sancto Victore De sacramentis Christiane fidei</i>, ed. Rainer Berndt, Münster: Aschendorff, 2008. There is an English translation in Hugh of St Victor, <i>On the sacraments of the Christian faith: (De sacramentis)</i>, translated by Roy J Deferrari, (Cambridge, MA: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1951). An English translation of the <i>Prologues</i> is made in Franklin T. Harkins and Frans van Liere, eds, <i>Interpretation of scripture: theory. A selection of works of Hugh, Andrew, Richard and Godfrey of St Victor, and of Robert of Melun</i>, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2012), pp253-268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Latin text is in Henry Buttimer, <i>Hugonis de Sancto Victore. Didascalicon. De Studio Legendi</i>, (Washington, DC: Catholic University Press, 1939). An older English translation is in Jerome Taylor, <i>The Didascalicon of Hugh of St Victor</i>, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1961). A more recent translation is Franklin T. Harkins and Frans van Liere, eds, <i>Interpretation of scripture: theory. A selection of works of Hugh, Andrew, Richard and Godfrey of St Victor, and of Robert of Melun</i>, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2012), pp61-202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These three treatises are printed in PL 176:617-740.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An older edition of the Latin text is in PL 175:928A. The modern edition is <i>Hugonis de Sancto Victore Opera III: Super Ierarchiam Dionysii</i>, (Turnhout: Brepols), CCCM, vol. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Luscombe, "The Commentary of Hugh of Saint-Victor on the Celestial Hierarchy", in T. Boiadjiev, G. Kapriev and A. Speer, eds, <i>Die Dionysius-Rezeption im Mittelalter</i>, (Turnholt:Brepols, 2000), pp160-164; D. Poirel, "Le 'chant dionysien' du IXe au XIIe siècle", in M. Goullet and M. Parisse (eds), <i>Les historiens et le latin medieval</i>, (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 2001), pp151–176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For further commentary on this work, see <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRorem2008" class="citation journal cs1">Rorem, Paul (2008). "The Early Latin Dionysius: Eriugena and Hugh of St. Victor". <i>Modern Theology</i>. <b>24</b> (4): 601–614. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0025.2008.00488.x">10.1111/j.1468-0025.2008.00488.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Modern+Theology&amp;rft.atitle=The+Early+Latin+Dionysius%3A+Eriugena+and+Hugh+of+St.+Victor&amp;rft.volume=24&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=601-614&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-0025.2008.00488.x&amp;rft.aulast=Rorem&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Saint+Victor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reprinted in PL 175:115A.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reprinted in PL 176. A detailed study of this work exists in Dominique Porel, <i>Livre de la nature et débat trinitaire au XXe siècle, Le</i> De tribus diebus <i>de Hugues de Saint-Victor</i>, (Turnhout: Brepols, 2002), 169-198. Much of this introduction is summarised in the introduction to the English translation in Boyd Taylor Coolman and Dale M Coulter, eds, <i>Trinity and creation: a selection of works of Hugh, Richard and Adam of St Victor</i>, (Turnhout: Brepols, 2010).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reprinted in PL 176:845-856.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reprinted in PL 177:285-294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roger_Baron_1966-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roger_Baron_1966_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger_Baron_1966_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger_Baron_1966_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reprinted in Roger Baron, ed., <i>Hugonis de Sancto Victore Opera Propaedeutica</i> (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1966).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reprinted in Muller, Karl, ed., <i>Hugo von St. Victor: Soliloquium de Arrha Animae Und De Vanitate Mundi</i> (Bonn: A. Marcus Une E. Weber's Verlag,1913). There is an English translation in <i>Soliloquy on the Earnest Money of the Soul</i>, trans Kevin Herbert, (Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press, 1965).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Bernard McGinn, <i>The Growth of Mysticism</i>, (1994), pp384-390. Latin text: Barthélemy Hauréau, <i>Hugues de Saint-Victor</i>. Paris, 1859 (pp. 177−210). A French translation is in Roger Baron, <i>Hugues de Saint-Victor: La contemplation et ses espèces</i>, (Tournai-Paris: Desclée, 1958).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An English translation is in Franklin T. Harkins and Frans van Liere, eds, <i>Interpretation of scripture: theory. A selection of works of Hugh, Andrew, Richard and Godfrey of St Victor, and of Robert of Melun</i>, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2012)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Printed in PL176:993-998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Printed in PL175:405-414.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Printed in PL176:405-414.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEggebroten" class="citation web cs1">Eggebroten, Anne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811044853/http://aeggebroten.com/pdf/SawlesWarde.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Sawles Warde": a retelling of "De Anima" for a female audience"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aeggebroten.com/pdf/SawlesWarde.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%22Sawles+Warde%22%3A+a+retelling+of+%22De+Anima%22+for+a+female+audience&amp;rft.aulast=Eggebroten&amp;rft.aufirst=Anne&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faeggebroten.com%2Fpdf%2FSawlesWarde.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Saint+Victor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas F Martin OSA, <i>Our Restless Heart: The Augustinian Tradition</i>, (2003), p82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berndt, Rainer (2002). "Andrew of Saint-Victor". In André Vauchez (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages</i>. James Clarke &amp; Co.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B McGinn, <i>The Growth of Mysticism</i>, (1994), p366</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErich_Auerbach2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Auerbach" title="Erich Auerbach">Erich Auerbach</a> (2009). Damrosch, David; Melas, Natalie; Buthelezi, Mbongiseni (eds.). <i>The Princeton Sourcebook in Comparative Literature</i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p.&#160;124.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Princeton+Sourcebook+in+Comparative+Literature&amp;rft.place=Princeton&amp;rft.pages=124&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.au=Erich+Auerbach&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Saint+Victor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOttaviano1935-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOttaviano1935_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOttaviano1935">Ottaviano (1935)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerrara201639–41-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerrara201639–41_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerrara2016">Ferrara (2016)</a>, pp.&#160;39–41.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Saint_Victor&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttaviano1935" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ottaviano, Carmelo, ed. (1935), <i>Un Brano Inedito della </i>Philosophia<i> di Guglielmo di Conches</i> (in Latin), Naples: Alberto Morano</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Un+Brano+Inedito+della+Philosophia+di+Guglielmo+di+Conches&amp;rft.place=Naples&amp;rft.pub=Alberto+Morano&amp;rft.date=1935&amp;rft.au=William+of+Conches&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Saint+Victor" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerrara2016" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ferrara, Carmine (2016), <i>Guglielmo di Conches e il </i>Dragmaticon Philosophiae<i><span></span></i> &#91;<i>William of Conches and the </i>Dragmaticon Philosophiae<i><span></span></i>&#93; (in Italian), Fisciano: University of Salerno</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Guglielmo+di+Conches+e+il+Dragmaticon+Philosophiae&amp;rft.place=Fisciano&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Salerno&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.aulast=Ferrara&amp;rft.aufirst=Carmine&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Saint+Victor" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuscombe2000" class="citation cs2">Luscombe, David (2000), "The Commentary of Hugh of Saint-Victor on the Celestial Hierarchy", <i>Die Dionysius-Rezeption im Mittelalter</i>, Turnholt: Brepols</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+Commentary+of+Hugh+of+Saint-Victor+on+the+Celestial+Hierarchy&amp;rft.btitle=Die+Dionysius-Rezeption+im+Mittelalter&amp;rft.place=Turnholt&amp;rft.pub=Brepols&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.aulast=Luscombe&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Saint+Victor" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGinn1994" class="citation cs2">McGinn, Bernard (1994), <i>The Growth of Mysticism</i>, pp.&#160;370–395</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Growth+of+Mysticism&amp;rft.pages=370-395&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.aulast=McGinn&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernard&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Saint+Victor" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Saint_Victor&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openn.library.upenn.edu/Data/0023/html/lewis_e_213.html">Lewis E 213 Rule of Saint Augustine; Sermon on Matthew 25:6 at OPenn</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org">"Hugh of St. Victor"</a> in: <i>New Advent</i></li> <li>Latin texts of Hugh of St. Victor are available in the Migne edition at Documenta Catholica Omnia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/1815-1875,_Migne,_Patrologia_Latina_03_Rerum_Conspectus_Pro_Auctoribus_Ordinatus,_MLT_H.html">http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/1815-1875,_Migne,_Patrologia_Latina_03_Rerum_Conspectus_Pro_Auctoribus_Ordinatus,_MLT_H.html</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlphandéry1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Alphandéry, Paul Daniel (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hugh of St Victor"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hugh_of_St_Victor">"Hugh of St Victor"&#160;</a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol.&#160;13 (11th&#160;ed.). Cambridge University Press. p.&#160;859.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Hugh+of+St+Victor&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft.pages=859&amp;rft.edition=11th&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1911&amp;rft.aulast=Alphand%C3%A9ry&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul+Daniel&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Saint+Victor" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philosophy_of_science" title="Template:Philosophy of science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philosophy_of_science" title="Template talk:Philosophy of science"><abbr title="Discuss this 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title="Causality">Causality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mill%27s_Methods" title="Mill&#39;s Methods">Mill's Methods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commensurability_(philosophy_of_science)" title="Commensurability (philosophy of science)">Commensurability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consilience" title="Consilience">Consilience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construct_(philosophy)" title="Construct (philosophy)">Construct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correlation" title="Correlation">Correlation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Correlation_function" title="Correlation function">function</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_synthesis" title="Creative synthesis">Creative synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demarcation_problem" title="Demarcation problem">Demarcation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empirical_evidence" title="Empirical evidence">Empirical evidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experiment" title="Experiment">Experiment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design_of_experiments" title="Design of experiments">design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_power" title="Explanatory power">Explanatory power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fact" title="Fact">Fact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">Falsifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_method" title="Feminist method">Feminist method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_contextualism" title="Functional contextualism">Functional contextualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothesis" title="Hypothesis">Hypothesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_hypothesis" title="Alternative hypothesis">alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Null_hypothesis" title="Null hypothesis">null</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ignoramus_et_ignorabimus" title="Ignoramus et ignorabimus">Ignoramus et ignorabimus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inductive_reasoning" title="Inductive reasoning">Inductive reasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertheoretic_reduction" title="Intertheoretic reduction">Intertheoretic reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquiry" title="Inquiry">Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_(philosophy)" title="Nature (philosophy)">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivity_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Objectivity (philosophy)">Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observation" title="Observation">Observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradigm" title="Paradigm">Paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_induction" title="Problem of induction">Problem of induction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">Scientific evidence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_practice" title="Evidence-based practice">Evidence-based practice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_law" title="Scientific law">Scientific law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_pluralism" title="Scientific pluralism">Scientific pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Revolution" title="Scientific Revolution">Scientific Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testability" title="Testability">Testability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory" title="Theory">Theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theory_choice" title="Theory choice">choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory-ladenness" title="Theory-ladenness">ladenness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_theory" title="Scientific theory">scientific</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underdetermination" title="Underdetermination">Underdetermination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_of_science" title="Unity of science">Unity of science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_and_attribute_(research)" title="Variable and attribute (research)">Variable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_variable" title="Control variable">control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependent_and_independent_variables" title="Dependent and independent variables">dependent and independent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_philosophy_of_science_articles" title="Index of philosophy of science articles">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coherentism" title="Coherentism">Coherentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_holism" title="Confirmation holism">Confirmation holism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructive_empiricism" title="Constructive empiricism">Constructive empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructive_realism" title="Constructive realism">Constructive realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivist_epistemology" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructivist epistemology">Constructivist epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contextualism" title="Contextualism">Contextualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventionalism" title="Conventionalism">Conventionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deductive-nomological_model" title="Deductive-nomological model">Deductive-nomological model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistemological_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistemological anarchism">Epistemological anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionism" title="Evolutionism">Evolutionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallibilism" title="Fallibilism">Fallibilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundationalism" title="Foundationalism">Foundationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothetico-deductive_model" title="Hypothetico-deductive model">Hypothetico-deductive model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inductionism" title="Inductionism">Inductionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumentalism" title="Instrumentalism">Instrumentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model-dependent_realism" title="Model-dependent realism">Model-dependent realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(philosophy)" title="Naturalism (philosophy)">Naturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicalism" title="Physicalism">Physicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">Positivism</a>&#160;/&#32;<a href="/wiki/Reductionism" title="Reductionism">Reductionism</a>&#160;/&#32;<a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">Determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">Pragmatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a>&#160;/&#32;<a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Received_view_of_theories" title="Received view of theories">Received view</a>&#160;/&#32;<a href="/wiki/Semantic_view_of_theories" title="Semantic view of theories">Semantic view of theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_essentialism" title="Scientific essentialism">Scientific essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_formalism" title="Scientific formalism">Scientific formalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_realism" title="Scientific realism">Scientific realism</a>&#160;/&#32;<a href="/wiki/Anti-realism" title="Anti-realism">Anti-realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific skepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientism" title="Scientism">Scientism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structuralism_(philosophy_of_science)" title="Structuralism (philosophy of science)">Structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniformitarianism" title="Uniformitarianism">Uniformitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verificationism" title="Verificationism">Verificationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">Vitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy of...</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_biology" title="Philosophy of biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_chemistry" title="Philosophy of chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_physics" title="Philosophy of physics">Physics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_space_and_time" title="Philosophy of space and time">Space and time</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_social_science" title="Philosophy of social science">Social science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_archaeology" title="Philosophy of archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of economics">Economics‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_geography" title="Philosophy of geography">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_history" title="Philosophy of history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_linguistics" title="Philosophy of linguistics">Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_psychology" title="Philosophy of psychology">Psychology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_science" title="Criticism of science">Criticism of science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descriptive_research" title="Descriptive research">Descriptive science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">Epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exact_sciences" title="Exact sciences">Exact sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_rationality" title="Faith and rationality">Faith and rationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_and_soft_science" title="Hard and soft science">Hard and soft science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_and_philosophy_of_science" title="History and philosophy of science">History and philosophy of science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-science" title="Non-science">Non-science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normative_science" title="Normative science">Normative science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoscience" title="Protoscience">Protoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questionable_cause" title="Questionable cause">Questionable cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science" title="Relationship between religion and science">Relationship between religion and science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_of_science" title="Rhetoric of science">Rhetoric of science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_studies" title="Science studies">Science studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_scientific_ignorance" title="Sociology of scientific ignorance">Sociology of scientific ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_scientific_knowledge" title="Sociology of scientific knowledge">Sociology of scientific knowledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_philosophers_of_science" title="List of philosophers of science">Philosophers of science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Precursors" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Auguste Comte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Duhem" title="Pierre Duhem">Pierre Duhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Rudolf Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson">Karl Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce" title="Charles Sanders Peirce">Charles Sanders Peirce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Windelband" title="Wilhelm Windelband">Wilhelm Windelband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_North_Whitehead" title="Alfred North Whitehead">Alfred North Whitehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Neurath" title="Otto Neurath">Otto Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Broad" title="C. D. Broad">C. D. Broad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Polanyi" title="Michael Polanyi">Michael Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Reichenbach" title="Hans Reichenbach">Hans Reichenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Carnap" title="Rudolf Carnap">Rudolf Carnap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustav_Hempel" title="Carl Gustav Hempel">Carl Gustav Hempel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Van_Orman_Quine" title="Willard Van Orman Quine">W. V. O. Quine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn" title="Thomas Kuhn">Thomas Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Lakatos" title="Imre Lakatos">Imre Lakatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Paul Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Hacking" title="Ian Hacking">Ian Hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas_van_Fraassen" title="Bas van Fraassen">Bas van Fraassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Laudan" title="Larry Laudan">Larry Laudan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_of_science" title="Category:Philosophy of science">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/27px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/36px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy&#32;portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science&#32;portal</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Catholic_theology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Catholic_theology" title="Template:History of Catholic theology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Catholic_theology" title="Template talk:History of Catholic theology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Catholic_theology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Catholic theology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Catholic_theology" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_dogmatic_theology" title="Catholic dogmatic theology">History of Catholic theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Key figures</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History of the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History of Christian theology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Clement" title="First Epistle of Clement">First Epistle of Clement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd_of_Hermas" title="The Shepherd of Hermas">The Shepherd of Hermas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristides_of_Athens" title="Aristides of Athens">Aristides of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Diognetus" title="Epistle to Diognetus">Epistle to Diognetus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montanism" title="Montanism">Montanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novatian" title="Novatian">Antipope Novatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a> to<br /><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagianism" title="Pelagianism">Pelagianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monophysitism" title="Monophysitism">Monophysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassian" title="John Cassian">John Cassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Pope Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monothelitism" title="Monothelitism">Monothelitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecthesis" title="Ecthesis">Ecthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">Predestination disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulinus_II_of_Aquileia" title="Paulinus II of Aquileia">Paulinus II of Aquileia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Aniane" title="Benedict of Aniane">Benedict of Aniane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabanus_Maurus" title="Rabanus Maurus">Rabanus Maurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschasius_Radbertus" title="Paschasius Radbertus">Paschasius Radbertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">John Scotus Eriugena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roscellinus" title="Roscellinus">Roscellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_of_Tours" title="Berengar of Tours">Berengar of Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_of_Fiore" title="Joachim of Fiore">Joachim of Fiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Peter Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Decretum Gratiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Peter Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Laon" title="Anselm of Laon">Anselm of Laon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hugh of Saint Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic de Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grosseteste" title="Robert Grosseteste">Robert Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Nazareth" title="Beatrice of Nazareth">Beatrice of Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boetius_of_Dacia" title="Boetius of Dacia">Boetius of Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Ghent" title="Henry of Ghent">Henry of Ghent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siger_of_Brabant" title="Siger of Brabant">Siger of Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a> and reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Ramon Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Duns Scotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">William of Ockham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rolle" title="Richard Rolle">Richard Rolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_van_Ruysbroeck" class="mw-redirect" title="John van Ruysbroeck">John of Ruusbroec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_Sweden" title="Bridget of Sweden">Bridget of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meister_Eckhart" title="Meister Eckhart">Meister Eckhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Tauler" title="Johannes Tauler">Johannes Tauler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hilton" title="Walter Hilton">Walter Hilton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cloud_of_Unknowing" title="The Cloud of Unknowing">The Cloud of Unknowing</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Suso" title="Henry Suso">Heinrich Seuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geert_Groote" title="Geert Groote">Geert Groote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devotio_Moderna" title="Devotio Moderna">Devotio Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_of_Norwich" title="Julian of Norwich">Julian of Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_%C3%A0_Kempis" title="Thomas à Kempis">Thomas à Kempis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa" title="Nicholas of Cusa">Nicholas of Cusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilio_Ficino" title="Marsilio Ficino">Marsilio Ficino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Savonarola" title="Girolamo Savonarola">Girolamo Savonarola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Giovanni Pico della Mirandola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cajetan" title="Thomas Cajetan">Thomas Cajetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Eck" title="Johann Eck">Johann Eck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Vitoria" title="Francisco de Vitoria">Francisco de Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Villanova" title="Thomas of Villanova">Thomas of Villanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Osuna" title="Francisco de Osuna">Francisco de Osuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Luis de León">Luis de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Molina" title="Luis de Molina">Luis de Molina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Francisco Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque period</a> to<br /><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Tommaso Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_B%C3%A9rulle" title="Pierre de Bérulle">Pierre de Bérulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gassendi" title="Pierre Gassendi">Pierre Gassendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Jesus_of_%C3%81greda" title="Mary of Jesus of Ágreda">Mary of Jesus of Ágreda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Vieira" title="António Vieira">António Vieira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Olier" title="Jean-Jacques Olier">Jean-Jacques Olier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Thomassin" title="Louis Thomassin">Louis Thomassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_F%C3%A9nelon" title="François Fénelon">François Fénelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Jansen" title="Cornelius Jansen">Cornelius Jansen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche" title="Nicolas Malebranche">Nicolas Malebranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Giambattista Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Montfort" title="Louis de Montfort">Louis de Montfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Gaetana_Agnesi" title="Maria Gaetana Agnesi">Maria Gaetana Agnesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Muzzarelli" title="Alfonso Muzzarelli">Alfonso Muzzarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Michael_Sailer" title="Johann Michael Sailer">Johann Michael Sailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Mary_Hofbauer" title="Clement Mary Hofbauer">Clement Mary Hofbauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Lanteri" title="Bruno Lanteri">Bruno Lanteri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_G%C3%B6rres" title="Joseph Görres">Joseph Görres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">Félicité de La Mennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Taparelli" title="Luigi Taparelli">Luigi Taparelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rosmini" title="Antonio Rosmini">Antonio Rosmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_von_D%C3%B6llinger" title="Ignaz von Döllinger">Ignaz von Döllinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">John Henry Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Henri_Lacordaire" title="Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire">Henri Lacordaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Balmes" title="Jaime Balmes">Jaime Balmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Sanseverino" title="Gaetano Sanseverino">Gaetano Sanseverino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Cornoldi" title="Giovanni Maria Cornoldi">Giovanni Maria Cornoldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Emmanuel_von_Ketteler" title="Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler">Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pecci" title="Giuseppe Pecci">Giuseppe Pecci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hergenr%C3%B6ther" title="Joseph Hergenröther">Joseph Hergenröther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Maria_Zigliara" title="Tommaso Maria Zigliara">Tommaso Maria Zigliara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Joseph_Scheeben" title="Matthias Joseph Scheeben">Matthias Joseph Scheeben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Boutroux" title="Émile Boutroux">Émile Boutroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Modernism in the Catholic Church">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo-scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bloy" title="Léon Bloy">Léon Bloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9-Joseph_Mercier" title="Désiré-Joseph Mercier">Désiré-Joseph Mercier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_H%C3%BCgel" title="Friedrich von Hügel">Friedrich von Hügel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(philosopher)" title="Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)">Vladimir Solovyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Joseph_Lagrange" title="Marie-Joseph Lagrange">Marie-Joseph Lagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tyrrell" title="George Tyrrell">George Tyrrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blondel" title="Maurice Blondel">Maurice Blondel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ginald_Garrigou-Lagrange" title="Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange">Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Joseph Maréchal">Joseph Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Teilhard_de_Chardin" title="Pierre Teilhard de Chardin">Pierre Teilhard de Chardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Jacques Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Gilson" title="Étienne Gilson">Étienne Gilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Knox" title="Ronald Knox">Ronald Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bernanos" title="Georges Bernanos">Georges Bernanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Hildebrand" title="Dietrich von Hildebrand">Dietrich von Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Gabriel Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Dominique_Chenu" title="Marie-Dominique Chenu">Marie-Dominique Chenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Guardini" title="Romano Guardini">Romano Guardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Edith Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_J._Sheen" title="Fulton J. Sheen">Fulton Sheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Lubac" title="Henri de Lubac">Henri de Lubac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Daniel-Rops" title="Henri Daniel-Rops">Henri Daniel-Rops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Guitton" title="Jean Guitton">Jean Guitton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josemar%C3%ADa_Escriv%C3%A1" title="Josemaría Escrivá">Josemaría Escrivá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_th%C3%A9ologie" title="Nouvelle théologie">Nouvelle théologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Karl Rahner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Congar" title="Yves Congar">Yves Congar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lonergan" title="Bernard Lonergan">Bernard Lonergan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Mounier" title="Emmanuel Mounier">Emmanuel Mounier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dani%C3%A9lou" title="Jean Daniélou">Jean Daniélou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Marcel Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Copleston" title="Frederick Copleston">Frederick Copleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Delp" title="Alfred Delp">Alfred Delp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Schillebeeckx" title="Edward Schillebeeckx">Edward Schillebeeckx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Merton" title="Thomas Merton">Thomas Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Girard" title="René Girard">René Girard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_K%C3%BCng" title="Hans Küng">Hans Küng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Metz" title="Johann Baptist Metz">Johann Baptist Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Vanier" title="Jean Vanier">Jean Vanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Nouwen" title="Henri Nouwen">Henri Nouwen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_von_Hildebrand" title="Alice von Hildebrand">Alice von Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Martini" title="Carlo Maria Martini">Carlo Maria Martini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez">Gustavo Gutiérrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">Alasdair MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kasper" title="Walter Kasper">Walter Kasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raniero_Cantalamessa" title="Raniero Cantalamessa">Raniero Cantalamessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Heller" title="Michał Heller">Michał Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Peter Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Marion" title="Jean-Luc Marion">Jean-Luc Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Hal%C3%ADk" title="Tomáš Halík">Tomáš Halík</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Nichols" title="Aidan Nichols">Aidan Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Hahn" title="Scott Hahn">Scott Hahn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism&#32;portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317554#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317554#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317554#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121201563">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/9865788">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/19501/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJv4mb47TBgrjkrx7gQpfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118554611">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50079116">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12047086h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12047086h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hugo : de Sancto Victore"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV070575">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35783656">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=jn19990003738&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX974121">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/721877">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070278121">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90610844">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&amp;doc_number=000414080&amp;local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=89584">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/53hklp1p1rxx5r0">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810669770705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&amp;url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&amp;id=495/55312">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007262879605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058519883706706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14514947">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02771486?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/67148273">Netherlands</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/92838583">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1085750">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118554611.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118554611">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028685954">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6m33837">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐69c9bb5b64‐gn2z6 Cached time: 20241128133553 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.624 seconds Real time usage: 0.868 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3912/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 96616/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5919/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 59928/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.384/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 26119118/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 715.344 1 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