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function(){ var columnInput = document.getElementById('Opinion-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Opinion-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Opinion-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Opinion-button" aria-label="Toggle Opinion" for="Opinion-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="opinionLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Opinion" data-link-name="header : secondary : Opinion" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-p0c3jt">Opinion</label><ul role="menu" id="opinionLinks" data-testid="opinionLinks" class="dcr-v7ibvm"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/commentisfree" role="menuitem" 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style="background-color:var(--article-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);background-color:var(--article-inner-background);" class="dcr-wqti5a"><div class="dcr-2zxs1v"><aside style="--grid-area:matchNav;" data-gu-name="matchNav" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"></div></aside><aside style="--grid-area:matchtabs;" data-gu-name="matchtabs" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"></div></aside><div style="--grid-area:media;" data-gu-name="media" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class="dcr-hlfdy3"></div></div></div><aside style="--grid-area:title;" data-gu-name="title" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-10355cg"><div class="dcr-0"><div class="dcr-4pzc03"><span class="dcr-1v9xu6e"></span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/info/series/guardian-and-observer-style-guide" data-component="series" data-link-name="article series" class="dcr-u0pbjs"><span>The Guardian and Observer style guide</span></a><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/info/info" data-component="section" data-link-name="article section" class="dcr-1v9e6r1"><span>Information</span></a></span></div></div></div></aside><div style="--grid-area:border;" data-gu-name="border" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-upmzd8"></div></div><div style="--grid-area:headline;" data-gu-name="headline" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class="dcr-cohhs3"><h1 class="dcr-u0152o">Guardian and Observer style guide: E</h1></div></div></div><div style="--grid-area:standfirst;" data-gu-name="standfirst" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class=" dcr-4gwv1z"><p>‘Some editors are failed writers, but so are most writers.’ <strong>TS Eliot</strong></p></div></div><aside style="--grid-area:meta;" data-gu-name="meta" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class="dcr-ich95x"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="13" viewBox="0 0 1300 13" preserveAspectRatio="none" stroke="var(--article-border)" stroke-width="1" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="dcr-194w08h"><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="0.5" y2="0.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="4.5" y2="4.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="8.5" y2="8.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="12.5" y2="12.5"></line></svg></div></div><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class=" dcr-1v9sla6"><div class="dcr-5oiine"><div class="dcr-1kpcv08"><div><address aria-label="Contributor info" data-component="meta-byline" data-link-name="byline"><div class=" dcr-1cfpnlw"></div></address><div style="--mobile-color:inherit;" class="dcr-1pexjb9">Fri 30 Apr 2021 14.35 BST</div></div></div><div data-print-layout="hide" class="dcr-9dgpdq"><div class=" dcr-16lnb0w"><gu-island name="ShareButton" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"pageId":"guardian-observer-style-guide-e","webTitle":"Guardian and Observer style guide: E","format":{"design":0,"display":0,"theme":0},"context":"ArticleMeta"}"><a 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data-link-name="in body link">B</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-c" data-link-name="in body link">C</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-d" data-link-name="in body link">D</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-e" data-link-name="in body link">E</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-f" data-link-name="in body link">F</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-g" data-link-name="in body link">G</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-h" data-link-name="in body link">H</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-i" data-link-name="in body link">I</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-j" data-link-name="in body link">J</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-k" data-link-name="in body link">K</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-l" data-link-name="in body link">L</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-m" data-link-name="in body link">M</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-n" data-link-name="in body link">N</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-o" data-link-name="in body link">O</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-p" data-link-name="in body link">P</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-q" data-link-name="in body link">Q</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-r" data-link-name="in body link">R</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-s" data-link-name="in body link">S</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-t" data-link-name="in body link">T</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-u" data-link-name="in body link">U</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-v" data-link-name="in body link">V</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-w" data-link-name="in body link">W</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-x" data-link-name="in body link">X</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-y" data-link-name="in body link">Y</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-z" data-link-name="in body link">Z</a></p><figure id="5e862854-2439-4465-80d0-d11c2faf81c9" data-spacefinder-role="inline" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.ImageBlockElement" class=" dcr-173mewl"><div id="img-1" class="dcr-1t8m8f2"><picture class="dcr-evn1e9"><source 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class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>each other or one another?</strong><br/> Some traditionalists say the former should apply only to two people (“Iniesta and Xavi hugged each other”) and the latter to more than two (“all 11 Spanish players hugged one another”). HW Fowler was unimpressed by this argument and in practice very few people make the distinction.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">The possessive is singular: they shook each other’s hand</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>EADS</strong><br/> European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company; the group includes the aircraft manufacturer Airbus and is the major partner in the Eurofighter consortium</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>earlier</strong><br/> often redundant: “they met this week” or “it happened this month” are preferable to “they met earlier this week” or “it happened earlier this month” and will save space</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Earl’s Court</strong><br/> station and district<br/><strong>Earls Court</strong><br/> exhibition centre</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>earn</strong><br/> rather than learn that a banker or footballer earns, say, £15m a year, readers have indicated that they would prefer us to say “is paid £15m a year” or “receives £15m a year”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>earned<br/></strong>not earnt</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>earring</strong>, <strong>earshot</strong><br/> no hyphen</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Earth</strong><br/> when talking about the planet, but earth in such idioms as down to earth, what on earth? etc</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>east Africa<br/></strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>East Anglia</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>east Asia<br/></strong>or <strong>south-east Asia</strong> rather than the far east</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>east coast mainline</strong><br/> runs from London King’s Cross to Edinburgh. The principal operator is now London North Eastern Railway (LNER)</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>East End</strong><br/> inner east London north of the river; the equivalent district south of the Thames is south-east London</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>EastEnders</strong><br/> TV soap; in real life, people from the East End are East Enders</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Easter</strong><br/> The day between Good Friday and Easter Day is Holy Saturday, not Easter Saturday, which falls a week later</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>eastern Europe</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>East Jerusalem</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>East Midlands</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>East Riding of Yorkshire council</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>easyCouncil</strong><br/> approach to local government favoured by some Conservative authorities, modelled on the no-frills approach of budget airlines such as easyJet</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Easy Street</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Ebacc</strong><br/> English baccalaureate</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>eBay</strong><br/> but Ebay if you cannot avoid starting a sentence or headline with it</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>ebike</strong><br/> strictly speaking, to qualify as an ebike, or electric bike, the bike must have pedals that can be used to propel it, its motor must have a maximum power output of 250 watts and should not be able to propel the bike at speeds of more than 15.5mph. Anything else is legally classed as a motorcycle or moped, although some models and adaptations blur the distinction</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Ebola</strong><br/> a virus and a disease, Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF)</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>ebook</strong>, <strong>email</strong><br/> but <strong>e-cigarette</strong>, <strong>e-commerce</strong>, <strong>e-learning</strong>, <strong>e-petition</strong>, <strong>e-reader</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>eccles cake</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>ecclesiastical titles</strong><br/> Most Rev (archbishop), Right Rev (bishop), Very Rev (dean or provost), the Ven (archdeacon), the Rev John (or Joan) Smith – not “Rev John Smith”, “Rev Smith”, “the Revs Smith and Jones”. Surname only on subsequent mentions, except in leading articles</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Eccleston, Christopher</strong><br/> actor</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Ecclestone, Bernie</strong><br/> former Formula One boss</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>e-cigarette</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>E coli</strong><br/> It is not normally necessary to use the full name, <em>Escherichia coli</em>. As with other taxonomic names, italicise in copy but use roman in headlines and standfirsts; no full point.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">Note that <em>E coli </em>is a bacterium, not a virus</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>eco-friendly</strong><br/> but <strong>ecohome</strong>, <strong>ecosystem</strong>, <strong>ecotown</strong>, <strong>ecowarrior</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>ecstasy</strong><br/> state and drug</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>ecu</strong><br/> European currency unit, superseded by the euro</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Ecuadorian</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Edinburgh festival</strong><br/> comprises the following:<br/><strong>Edinburgh international festival</strong><br/><strong>Edinburgh festival fringe</strong> (not fringe festival, but <strong>the fringe</strong> is OK)<br/><strong>Edinburgh international book festival</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>editor</strong><br/> lc: editor of the Observer, editor of the Bromley, Bexley and Eltham Leader series, etc</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>editors</strong><br/> An editor is to newspaper or website as a captain is to ship.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">“Editors are craftsmen, ghosts, psychiatrists, bullies, sparring partners, experts, enablers, ignoramuses, translators, writers, goalies, friends, firemen, wimps, ditch diggers, mindreaders, coaches, bomb throwers, muses and spittoon – sometimes all while working on the same piece” (Gary Kamiya, Salon.com).</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">“Trust your editor, and you’ll sleep on straw” (John Cheever)</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>educationist</strong><br/> not educationalist</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>-ee endings<br/></strong>-ee means something happens to you; -er means you do something: so employee, invitee (if you must), refugee but attender, escaper, etc, rather than attendee, escapee, etc</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>eerie</strong><br/> weird; <strong>Erie</strong> North American lake; <strong>eyrie</strong> of eagles</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>effect or affect?</strong><br/><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-a#affecr" data-link-name="in body link">See affect</a></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>effectively</strong><br/> This adverb is best kept simply to describe how something was done: “Anna managed the department effectively.” Confusion arises when it is used instead of “in effect”, which describes something that has the effect of, even if the effect was unintended or unofficial: “Her boss was off, so in effect Anna was the manager of the department” is clearer than “Her boss was off, so effectively Anna was the manager of the department.”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">Sometimes effectively is used in neither of these ways, but just to pad out a sentence in a feeble attempt at adding emphasis, in which case it can be safely deleted</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>effete</strong><br/> The traditional meaning is exhausted, spent or worn out, but nowadays you rarely see this word used to mean anything other than effeminate or foppish. Baroness Orczy used it in this sense in The Scarlet Pimpernel as long ago as 1905: “Those happy days of courtship, before he had become the lazy nincompoop, the effete fop, whose life seemed spent in card and supper rooms”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>efficacy or effectiveness?<br/></strong>in scientific terms, efficacy relates to the performance of an intervention, eg a vaccine, under ideal and controlled circumstances, whereas effectiveness relates to the performance of an intervention under real-world conditions</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>efit</strong><br/> (electronic facial identification technique) program used to create police drawings</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>eg</strong><br/> no full points</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>EGM</strong><br/> extraordinary general meeting</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Eid al-Adha<br/></strong>(Festival of Sacrifice) Muslim festival laid down in Islamic law, celebrates the end of the hajj. Note that eid means festival, so it is tautologous to describe it as the “Eid festival”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Eid al-Fitr<br/></strong>Muslim festival of thanksgiving laid down in Islamic law, celebrates the end of Ramadan (al-fitr means the breaking of the fast)</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>eid mubarak<br/></strong>not a festival but a greeting (mubarak means “may it be blessed”)</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Eiffel Tower</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Eire</strong><br/> no: say Republic of Ireland or Irish republic</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Ekaterinburg</strong><br/> not Yekaterinburg<br/><br/><strong>eke out</strong><br/> This used to mean making a small amount go further, as in “she eked out her rations by serving string instead of spaghetti”. It was a bit extra – note that eke meant “also” as used by Chaucer.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">The word has come to mean something rather different, namely scraping by, as in “she eked out a living doing the occasional subbing shift at the Sunday Times”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>elan</strong><br/> no accent</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>ElBaradei, Mohamed</strong><br/> former director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, ElBaradei after first mention</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>elderly people<br/></strong>or older people, not “the elderly”; do not use to describe anyone under 75</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>El Dorado<br/></strong>fabled city of gold</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Eldorado</strong><br/> fabled flop of a TV soap</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Electoral Reform Society</strong><br/> campaigns for “a democracy fit for the 21st century”; the related company Electoral Reform Services provides an independent balloting and polling service to political parties, trade unions and other organisations</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>electra complex</strong><br/> the female equivalent of oedipal complex</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>electric vehicles</strong><br/> can be referred to as EVs at second mention</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>electrocution<br/></strong>serious injury or death by electric shock</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>elegy</strong><br/> poem of mourning; <strong>eulogy</strong> speech of praise.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">The adjective elegiac, sometimes misspelt “elegaic”, is very popular with writers on upmarket newspapers seeking an alternative to “sad”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>elemental</strong><br/> basic; <strong>elementary</strong> simple</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Elephant and Castle</strong> <br/> area; <strong>Elephant & Castle</strong> station<strong><br/></strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>elephant in the room</strong><br/> Like governments and reality TV series, metaphors that we once welcomed into our lives as refreshing can become all too familiar, to the point of tedium – and this cliche is a fine example.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">At its height, elephants were not only in the room, but had taken over the whole house: “elephants in the room” included trade figures, policy, lack of policy, climate change, Iraq, the US, Europe, anti-Americanism, men, women, single women, a new French football league, race, religion, Islam, Catholicism, Tessa Jowell, Andrew Neil, Jimmy Greaves, fatness, thinness, Stalinism, Hitler and Tony Blair’s departure from office.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">The phrase seemed destined for the elephants’ graveyard but there is evidence that, used imaginatively, it may still be effective: “There’s only so long they can ignore this elephant in the room [the Iraq war] before it takes a dump on the carpet” (Gary Younge, 5 July 2010); and, from the same writer: “Money in American politics was already an elephant in the room. Now the supreme court has given it a laxative, taken away the shovel, and asked us to ignore both the sight and the stench” (30 January 2012)</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>11-plus</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>11th hour<br/></strong>not eleventh hour</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Elfbar</strong><br/> vaping company</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>elision</strong><br/> means omission, not the conflation of one or more thing</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>elite</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>ellipsis</strong><br/> Use a space before and after ellipses, and three dots (with no spaces between them), in copy and headlines: “She didn’t want to go there ... ” There is no need for a full point</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Élysée Palace</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>email</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>emanate</strong><br/> is intransitive; use exude if you need a transitive verb</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Embankment, the</strong><br/> in London; the tube station is just Embankment</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>embargo</strong><br/> plural embargos</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>embarrass</strong>, <strong>embarrassment</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>embassy</strong><br/> lc, eg British embassy; not necessarily an excuse to use the Ferrero Rocher joke yet again</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>emigrate</strong><br/> leave a country; <strong>immigrate</strong> arrive in one.<br/> Hence emigrant and immigrant, emigration and immigration</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>émigré</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Emin, Tracey</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>emoji</strong><br/> plural emojis</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>emotional</strong><br/> showing emotion; <strong>emotive</strong> causing emotion.<br/> “Badger culling is an emotive issue. No wonder people get emotional about it.”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">“Tired and emotional” is a euphemism for drunk</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Empire State Building</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>empires</strong><br/> British empire (but British Empire Medal), Roman empire, etc</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>employment tribunal</strong><br/> not industrial tribunal</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>EMS</strong><br/> European monetary system</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Emu</strong><br/> economic and monetary union</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>emulate</strong><br/> The traditional meaning of emulate is to attempt to equal or surpass, so “try to emulate” is strictly tautologous. But nowadays if you say “he emulated Thatcher”, everyone will think you mean that he succeeded, so you do need to qualify it: “He sought to emulate Thatcher, but ended up doing a poor imitation of Major”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>enamoured of</strong><br/> not by or with</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>enclave</strong><br/> a piece of land totally surrounded by a foreign territory, eg San Marino and Vatican City, both enclaved within Italy; an <strong>exclave</strong> is politically attached to a larger piece of land but not physically conterminous with it because of surrounding foreign territory, eg the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhichivan, which is is bounded by Armenia, Iran and Turkey</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>encyclopedia</strong><br/> not encyclopaedia</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>endgame</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>enervate</strong><br/> to deprive of strength or vitality</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>enforce, enforceable</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>England, English</strong><br/> should not be used when you mean Britain or British, unless you are seeking to offend readers from other parts of the UK (we published a map of England’s best beaches, with the headline “Britain’s best beaches”)</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-s#scotland" data-link-name="in body link">See Scotland</a></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>English Heritage</strong><br/> Charity now solely responsible for care of 400-plus sites across England. Not to be confused with Historic England</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>English Nature</strong><br/> is now Natural England</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>English PEN</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Enlightenment, the</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>en masse</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Ennahda</strong><br/> Tunisian political party</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>enormity</strong><br/> It might sound a bit like “enormous”, but enormity refers to something monstrous or wicked, such as a massacre, and is not just another word for “big”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>enquiry</strong><br/> use inquiry</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>enrol</strong>, <strong>enrolling</strong>, <strong>enrolment</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>en route</strong><br/> not on route</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>en suite</strong><br/> two words, whatever estate agents might claim</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>ensure</strong><br/> make certain; <strong>insure</strong> against risk; but you can assure someone’s life by taking out an insurance policy</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>enthral</strong>, <strong>enthralling</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>entr’acte</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>E.ON</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>epicentre</strong><br/> point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake or underground explosion; frequently misused to mean the centre or focus itself and is also not a synonym for “dead centre”.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">After one of our misuses in 2010 a reader (for more than 60 years) wrote: “How is it that so many highly educated people, whose business is words and communication, do not understand that a prefix such as epi is there for a purpose: it changes the meaning of the root word”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>epilepsy</strong><br/> A person with epilepsy might have a seizure, rather than a fit.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">Seizures are epileptic, people are not – we do not define people by their medical condition; so say (if relevant) “Joe Bloggs, who has epilepsy” not “Joe Bloggs, an epileptic”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>epinephrine autoinjector</strong><br/> device for injecting epinephrine (adrenaline), most often used for the treatment of anaphylaxis; normally abbreviated to EpiPen</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>epithalamium</strong><br/> poem written for the bride on her way to the marital chamber, such as the poem by Andrew Motion, his first as poet laureate, on the marriage of Prince Edward and Sophie Rhys-Jones in 1999</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>EPO<br/></strong>erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys that controls red blood cell production. Erythropoietins produced by cell culture are used for treating anaemia resulting from chronic kidney disease and other conditions.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">In sport, EPO is a banned substance used to enhance performance in cycling and other endurance sports</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>equable</strong><br/> unvarying; <strong>equitable</strong> fair<br/> “His temperament, like the climate, was equable. Nonetheless, he demanded a more equitable share of the proceeds”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Equality and Human Rights Commission</strong><br/> body created in 2007 to bring together the work of the Commission for Racial Equality, the Disability Rights Commission, and the Equal Opportunities Commission; may be called EHRC, or simply the commission, after first mention</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>equator, the</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Equatorial Guinea</strong><br/> formerly Spanish Guinea, a country in central Africa that became independent in 1974; do not confuse with Guinea or Guinea-Bissau, other African former colonies</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip</strong><br/> Turkish politician, elected prime minister in 2003</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>ere or e’er?</strong><br/> ere long (soon), ere now (before); e’er, which you might come across in an old poem, is an abbreviation of ever</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Eriksson, Sven-Göran</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>ERM</strong><br/> exchange rate mechanism, the system that preceded Emu and the single currency</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Ernie</strong><br/> electronic random number indicator equipment: the machine that picks winning premium bond numbers</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>erupt</strong> <br/> burst out; <strong>irrupt</strong> burst in</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>escapers</strong><br/> not escapees, despite the apparently unstoppable advance of the -ee suffix (can it be long before readers become “readees”?)</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Eskimo</strong><br/> is a language spoken in Greenland, Canada, Alaska and Siberia. Note that it has no more words for snow than English does for rain. The people are Inuit (singular Inuk), not “Eskimos”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>especially or specially?</strong><br/> The former means particularly (“he was especially fond of crab”) or in particular (“this policy is aimed at Ukip voters, especially those in marginal seats”).</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">The latter means for a special reason (“she made crab sandwiches specially for him”). If a company claims a product has been designed “especially for you”, it hasn’t</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>esport<br/></strong>but Esport at the beginning of a sentence</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>espresso</strong><br/> not expresso</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>establishment, the</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>estuary English</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Eswatini<br/></strong>formerly Swaziland, which is worth mentioning at the first reference</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Eta</strong><br/> Basque separatists; ETA estimated time of arrival</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>etc</strong><br/> no full point</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Ethio-jazz</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Ethiopian and Eritrean names<br/></strong>Ethiopian and Eritrean people are usually given a first name followed by their father’s first name. As such, the second name does not function in the same way as a western surname and people should be referred to by their first name on second mention, eg the athlete Kenenisa Bekele becomes Kenenisa thereafter. There can be exceptions to this – a person may always be referred to by their first and second names together – so it is worth checking. Also, people are sometimes given their grandfather’s first name as a third name, but this tends to function in a similar way to a western middle name and is not included in everyday usage</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>ethnic</strong><br/> never say ethnic when you mean ethnic minority, which leads to such nonsense as “the constituency has a small ethnic population”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>EU</strong><br/> European Union (no need to spell out at first mention); formerly EC (European Community); before that EEC (European Economic Community)</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>EU presidents</strong><br/> There are three, so don’t say “EU president” or “president of the union” without making clear which you mean: president of the European Commission (currently Ursula von der Leyen), president of the European parliament (currently Roberta Metsola), or president of the European Council (sometimes referred to as president of the EU), appointed for a two-and-a-half-year term with the possibility of renewal once (currently Charles Michel).</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">To add to the confusion, there is also a presidency of the Council of the European Union, held by a national government, which rotates among member states every six months</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>EU27</strong><br/> not EU-27 or EU 27</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>euro</strong><br/> currency; plural euros and cents</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Euro</strong><br/> should not be used as a prefix to everything European, but Euro-MP is an acceptable alternative to MEP</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Euro Disney</strong><br/> runs what is now called Disneyland Paris</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Eurogroup</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>euroland, eurozone</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Europe</strong><br/> includes Britain, so don’t say, for example, something is common “in Europe” unless it is common in Britain as well; to distinguish between Britain and the rest of Europe the phrases “mainland Europe” or “elsewhere in Europe” may be useful</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>central Europe</strong>, <strong>eastern Europe</strong>, <strong>western Europe</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>European Commission</strong><br/> the commission after first mention; do not abbreviate to EC</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>European convention on human rights</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>European Council/Council of the European Union (EU Council for short)/Council of Europe</strong><br/> all different institutions so ensure the correct name is being used. The European Council is made up of the heads of state or government of EU member states and considers the general political direction of the EU; the EU Council is made up of government ministers from member states, grouped by policy area, and works on EU laws; the Council of Europe is not an EU body but an organisation set up to promote democracy, human rights and the rule of law across Europe</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>European court of human rights</strong><br/> nothing to do with the EU: it is a Council of Europe body; sits in Strasbourg. To avoid confusion, call it the “Strasbourg court” or the “human rights court” after first mention rather than the “European court”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>European court of justice</strong><br/> the highest court in the European Union in matters of EU law; sits in Luxembourg</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>European Economic Area</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>European parliament</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>European Space Agency (Esa)<br/></strong>not ESA</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>European stability mechanism</strong><br/> ESM for short</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Eurosceptic</strong><br/> sceptical about Europe, not just the euro</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Eurovision song contest</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>evacuate</strong><br/> You can evacuate a place, or people from a place. So “the islands were evacuated of thousands of people” and “thousands of people were evacuated from the islands” are both correct</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>evangelical</strong><br/> fundamentalist wing of Christianity</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>evangelist</strong><br/> someone who spreads the gospel</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Evening Standard</strong><br/> no longer the London Evening Standard</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>eventually</strong><br/> often unnecessary, as in “the FTSE 100 drifted back, eventually closing 33.9 points lower at 5244.2”; the stock market always closes eventually</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>every day</strong><br/> adverb meaning daily: it happens every day</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>everyday</strong><br/> adjective meaning commonplace: an everyday mistake</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>every parent’s nightmare</strong><br/> avoid this cliche</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>evoke or invoke?</strong><br/> If you invoke the spirit of Picasso, you’re trying to summon his soul up from the grave; if your paintings evoke the spirit of Picasso, it means their style reminds viewers of that artist’s work</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Ewok</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>exalt</strong><br/> praise someone; <strong>exult</strong> rejoice<br/> “Tony Blair was exalted as exultant New Labour supporters exulted”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>exceptional</strong> <br/> above average; <strong>exceptionable</strong> something you take exception to<br/> “The roast beef was exceptional, the yorkshire pudding exceptionable”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>exchequer, the</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>exclamation marks</strong><br/> Use sparingly! (As Scott Fitzgerald said, it is like laughing at your own jokes)</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>exclusive</strong><br/> term used by tabloid newspapers to denote a story that is in all of them</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>execution</strong><br/> the carrying out of a legally authorised death sentence, so a terrorist or soldier, for example, does not “execute” someone</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>exhausting</strong><br/> tiring; <strong>exhaustive</strong> thorough</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>ex officio</strong><br/> by right of position or office; ex parte on behalf of one party only</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>exorcised</strong><br/> having had evil spirits removed; often used erroneously for <strong>exercised</strong> having one’s passions inflamed by something</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>expat</strong>, <strong>expatriate</strong><br/> not ex-pat or expatriot; this is “ex” meaning “out of” (as in export, extract), not “ex-” meaning “former” (as in ex-husband).</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">The term is redolent of the days of empire and used only to describe Brits abroad, who might more accurately be termed emigrants</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>explained</strong><br/> “said” is normally sufficient</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>exploitative</strong><br/> rather than exploitive</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Export Credits Guarantee Department</strong><br/> ECGD at second mention</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>exposé</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>extracurricular</strong>, <strong>extramarital</strong>, <strong>extraterrestrial</strong>, <strong>extraterritorial</strong></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>“extrajudicial killing”</strong><br/> should be used only when quoting someone</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>extrovert</strong><br/> not extravert</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>eye level</strong><br/> no hyphen</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>eyes</strong><br/> is being used increasingly for “considers”, but it doesn’t mean that. You might get away with “BoS eyes up Abbey” meaning considers it as a takeover target, but not “BoS eyes online insurance” meaning BoS is considering setting up an online sales operation</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>eye-watering</strong><br/> The pace at which a fresh metaphor becomes a tired cliche seems to have increased in recent years; this one saw a huge increase in 2009 – although curiously, while “eye-watering” is only ever applied to money (“eye-watering sums”), its adverbial near relative is more versatile (“an eye-wateringly beautiful woman”, “an eye-wateringly sharp sauvignon” and so on). The danger, as ever, is that the expression loses its force from overuse</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>eyewitness</strong><br/> one word, but witness is preferable, except in the Guardian’s Eyewitness picture spread</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><strong>Eyjafjallajökull</strong><br/> Icelandic volcano that brought peace to the skies for a short time in 2010</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-a" data-link-name="in body link">A</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-b" data-link-name="in body link">B</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-c" data-link-name="in body link">C</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-d" data-link-name="in body link">D</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-e" data-link-name="in body link">E</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-f" 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