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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=1822_Aleppo_earthquake&params=36.10_N_36.75_E_region:SY"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°06′N</span> <span class="longitude">36°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.10°N 36.75°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.10; 36.75</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Earthquake affecting the Middle East</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1822 Aleppo earthquake</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:right;clear:right"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syria_physical_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1822 Aleppo earthquake is located in Syria"><img alt="1822 Aleppo earthquake is located in Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Syria_physical_location_map.svg/250px-Syria_physical_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Syria_physical_location_map.svg/375px-Syria_physical_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Syria_physical_location_map.svg/500px-Syria_physical_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="806" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.786%;left:23.718%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-20px;top:-20px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="1822 Aleppo earthquake"><img alt="1822 Aleppo earthquake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/40px-Bullseye1.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/60px-Bullseye1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/80px-Bullseye1.png 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1610" /></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local date</th><td class="infobox-data">13 August 1822<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1822-08-13</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local time</th><td class="infobox-data">21:50<sup id="cite_ref-Sbeinati_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sbeinati-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">40 seconds<sup id="cite_ref-Ambraseys_1989_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambraseys_1989-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magnitude</th><td class="infobox-data">7.0 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Ms" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000005-QINU`"'</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Surface-wave mag.">M<sub>s</sub></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Sbeinati_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sbeinati-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Depth</th><td class="infobox-data">18 km (11 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-Sbeinati_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sbeinati-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Epicenter</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=1822_Aleppo_earthquake&params=36.10_N_36.75_E_region:SY"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°06′N</span> <span class="longitude">36°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.10°N 36.75°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.10; 36.75</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Sbeinati_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sbeinati-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fault</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Simeon_Fault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Simeon Fault (page does not exist)">St. Simeon Fault</a><sup id="cite_ref-Darawcheh_etal_2019_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darawcheh_etal_2019-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Strike-slip" class="mw-redirect" title="Strike-slip">Strike-slip</a><sup id="cite_ref-Darawcheh_etal_2019_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darawcheh_etal_2019-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Maximum">Max.</abbr> intensity</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="background-color:rgba(255, 0, 0); padding:4px; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/European_macroseismic_scale#ems-98-9" title="European macroseismic scale"><span style="color:white;">EMS-98 IX (<i>Destructive</i>)</span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">20,000–60,000<sup id="cite_ref-Ambraseys_1989_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambraseys_1989-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The northern part of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (now northern Syria and the <a href="/wiki/Hatay_Province" title="Hatay Province">Hatay Province</a> of Turkey) was struck by a major earthquake on 13 August 1822. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.0 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Ms" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Surface-wave mag.">M<sub>s</sub></span></a> and a maximum felt intensity of IX (<i>Destructive</i>) on the <a href="/wiki/European_macroseismic_scale" title="European macroseismic scale">European macroseismic scale</a> (EMS). It may have triggered a <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a>, affecting nearby coasts. Damaging aftershocks continued for more than two years, with the most destructive being on 5 September 1822. The earthquake was felt over a large area including <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a>. The total death toll reported for this whole earthquake sequence ranges between 30,000 and 60,000, although 20,000 is regarded as a more likely number.<sup id="cite_ref-Ambraseys_1989_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambraseys_1989-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tectonic_setting">Tectonic setting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1822_Aleppo_earthquake&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tectonic setting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aleppo is located close to the zone of faulting associated with the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Transform" title="Dead Sea Transform">Dead Sea Transform</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_plate" title="Arabian plate">Arabian plate</a> is moving northwards relative to the <a href="/wiki/African_plate" title="African plate">African plate</a> at a rate of about 5 mm per year.<sup id="cite_ref-Gomez_2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gomez_2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The northernmost segment of the fault zone has been the location of many major earthquakes, including the <a href="/wiki/115_Antioch_earthquake" title="115 Antioch earthquake">115 Antioch</a>, <a href="/wiki/859_Syrian_coast_earthquake" title="859 Syrian coast earthquake">859 Syrian coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/1138_Aleppo_earthquake" title="1138 Aleppo earthquake">1138 Aleppo</a> and <a href="/wiki/1170_Syria_earthquake" title="1170 Syria earthquake">1170 Syria</a> events.<sup id="cite_ref-Khair_etal_2000_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khair_etal_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Earthquake">Earthquake</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1822_Aleppo_earthquake&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Earthquake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earthquake sequence began with a series of <a href="/wiki/Foreshock" title="Foreshock">foreshocks</a> starting on 5 August, with the last major one occurring just half an hour before the mainshock on 13 August. The main shock lasted for 40 seconds, with three separate peaks in intensity. 30 aftershocks followed within the first 8 minutes. The aftershocks continued for nearly two and a half years, the most damaging of which occurred on 5 September 1822.<sup id="cite_ref-Ambraseys_1989_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambraseys_1989-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mainshock was felt with an intensity of VII (<i>damaging</i>) or greater on the EMS intensity scale over a large area, reaching a maximum of IX (<i>destructive</i>) at <a href="/wiki/Jisr_al-Shughur" class="mw-redirect" title="Jisr al-Shughur">Jisr al-Shughur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Qusayr,_Syria" title="Al-Qusayr, Syria">Al-Qusayr</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ambraseys" title="Nicholas Ambraseys">Ambraseys</a> found no evidence for a tsunami (seismic sea-wave) associated with this event.<sup id="cite_ref-Ambraseys_1989_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambraseys_1989-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, one source reports a tsunami that affected the coasts of <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Iskenderun" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf of Iskenderun">Gulf of Iskenderun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_tsu_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA_tsu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been proposed that the earthquake was caused by left lateral <a href="/wiki/Strike-slip" class="mw-redirect" title="Strike-slip">strike-slip</a> movement on the 140 km long <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Simeon_Fault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Simeon Fault (page does not exist)">St. Simeon Fault</a>, which branches off the Missyaf Fault, part of the Dead Sea Transform.<sup id="cite_ref-Darawcheh_etal_2019_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darawcheh_etal_2019-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Damage">Damage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1822_Aleppo_earthquake&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Damage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earthquake caused severe damage over a large area, extending from <a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a> to <a href="/wiki/Antakya" title="Antakya">Antakya</a> in modern Turkey and <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> to <a href="/wiki/Khan_Sheikhun" class="mw-redirect" title="Khan Sheikhun">Khan Sheikhun</a> in modern Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-Sbeinati_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sbeinati-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the northernmost affected area, complete or near complete destruction was reported from the towns of <a href="/wiki/Kilis" title="Kilis">Kilis</a>, Gaziantep, <a href="/wiki/Araplar" class="mw-redirect" title="Araplar">Araplar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bur%C3%A7" title="Burç">Burç</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kehriz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kehriz (page does not exist)">Kehriz</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%C4%9F%C3%A7e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sağçe (page does not exist)">Sağçe</a>. Further south <a href="/wiki/Armanaz" title="Armanaz">Armanaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">Harem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darkush" title="Darkush">Darkush</a>, Jisr al-Shughur, Khan Shiekhun, <a href="/wiki/Ariha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariha">Ariha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Maarat">Maarat</a> were similarly affected.<sup id="cite_ref-Ambraseys_1989_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambraseys_1989-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1822_Aleppo_earthquake&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The damage at Aleppo was so severe that many people moved out of the city and most of the old centre was left unrepaired, with some new houses being built using wooden frames outside the ruined walls. The moat became filled with rubble from damaged buildings. The earthquake was one of the reasons that Aleppo became less important as a commercial centre during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-Ambraseys_1989_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambraseys_1989-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1822_Aleppo_earthquake&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Levant" title="List of earthquakes in the Levant">List of earthquakes in the Levant</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1822_Aleppo_earthquake&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sbeinati-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sbeinati_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sbeinati_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sbeinati_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sbeinati_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sbeinati_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSbeinatiDarawcheh,_R.Mouty,_M.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Sbeinati, M.R.; Darawcheh, R. & Mouty, M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/908/1/01Sbeinati.pdf">"The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D."</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Annals of Geophysics</i>. <b>48</b> (3): 347–435<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Geophysics&rft.atitle=The+historical+earthquakes+of+Syria%3A+an+analysis+of+large+and+moderate+earthquakes+from+1365+B.C.+to+1900+A.D.&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=347-435&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Sbeinati&rft.aufirst=M.R.&rft.au=Darawcheh%2C+R.&rft.au=Mouty%2C+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earth-prints.org%2Fbitstream%2F2122%2F908%2F1%2F01Sbeinati.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1822+Aleppo+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ambraseys_1989-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ambraseys_1989_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ambraseys_1989_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ambraseys_1989_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ambraseys_1989_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ambraseys_1989_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ambraseys_1989_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ambraseys_1989_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbraseys1989" class="citation journal cs1">Ambraseys, N.N. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.1989.tb04453.x">"Temporary seismic quiescence: SE Turkey"</a>. <i>Geophysical Journal International</i>. <b>96</b> (2): 311–331. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989GeoJI..96..311A">1989GeoJI..96..311A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.1989.tb04453.x">10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb04453.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.atitle=Temporary+seismic+quiescence%3A+SE+Turkey&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=311-331&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.1989.tb04453.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989GeoJI..96..311A&rft.aulast=Ambraseys&rft.aufirst=N.N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-246X.1989.tb04453.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1822+Aleppo+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Darawcheh_etal_2019-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Darawcheh_etal_2019_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darawcheh_etal_2019_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darawcheh_etal_2019_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarawchehAbdul-wahedHasan2019" class="citation book cs1">Darawcheh, R.; Abdul-wahed, M.K.; Hasan, A. (2019). "The 13th-August-1822 Aleppo Earthquake: Implications for the Seismic Hazard Assessment at the Antakia Triple Junction". In Sundararajan, N.; Eshagh, N.; Meghraoui, M.; Al-Garni, M.; Giroux, B. (eds.). <i>On Significant Applications of Geophysical Methods. CAJG 2018. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation (IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development)</i>. Springer. pp. 179–181. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-01656-2_40">10.1007/978-3-030-01656-2_40</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-01656-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-01656-2"><bdi>978-3-030-01656-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:135271551">135271551</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+13th-August-1822+Aleppo+Earthquake%3A+Implications+for+the+Seismic+Hazard+Assessment+at+the+Antakia+Triple+Junction&rft.btitle=On+Significant+Applications+of+Geophysical+Methods.+CAJG+2018.+Advances+in+Science%2C+Technology+%26+Innovation+%28IEREK+Interdisciplinary+Series+for+Sustainable+Development%29&rft.pages=179-181&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A135271551%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-01656-2_40&rft.isbn=978-3-030-01656-2&rft.aulast=Darawcheh&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Abdul-wahed%2C+M.K.&rft.au=Hasan%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1822+Aleppo+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gomez_2007-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gomez_2007_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGomez,_F.Karam,_G.Khawlie,_M.McClusky_S.2007" class="citation journal cs1">Gomez, F.; Karam, G.; Khawlie, M.; McClusky S.; Vernant P.; Reilinger R.; Jaafar R.; Tabet C.; Khair K.; Barazangi M. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.2006.03328.x">"Global Positioning System measurements of strain accumulation and slip transfer through the restraining bend along the Dead Sea fault system in Lebanon"</a>. <i>Geophysical Journal International</i>. <b>168</b> (3): 1021–1028. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007GeoJI.168.1021G">2007GeoJI.168.1021G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.2006.03328.x">10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03328.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1885%2F36424">1885/36424</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.atitle=Global+Positioning+System+measurements+of+strain+accumulation+and+slip+transfer+through+the+restraining+bend+along+the+Dead+Sea+fault+system+in+Lebanon&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1021-1028&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1885%2F36424&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.2006.03328.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007GeoJI.168.1021G&rft.au=Gomez%2C+F.&rft.au=Karam%2C+G.&rft.au=Khawlie%2C+M.&rft.au=McClusky+S.&rft.au=Vernant+P.&rft.au=Reilinger+R.&rft.au=Jaafar+R.&rft.au=Tabet+C.&rft.au=Khair+K.&rft.au=Barazangi+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-246X.2006.03328.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1822+Aleppo+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khair_etal_2000-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khair_etal_2000_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhairKarakaisisPapadimitriou2000" class="citation journal cs1">Khair, K.; Karakaisis, G.F.; Papadimitriou, E.E. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.earth-prints.org/handle/2122/1261">"Seismic zonation of the Dead Sea Transform Fault area"</a>. <i>Annals of Geophysics</i>. <b>43</b>: 61–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4401%2Fag-3620">10.4401/ag-3620</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Geophysics&rft.atitle=Seismic+zonation+of+the+Dead+Sea+Transform+Fault+area&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=61-79&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4401%2Fag-3620&rft.aulast=Khair&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Karakaisis%2C+G.F.&rft.au=Papadimitriou%2C+E.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.earth-prints.org%2Fhandle%2F2122%2F1261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1822+Aleppo+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA_tsu-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_tsu_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Geophysical_Data_Center1972" class="citation cs2">National Geophysical Data Center (1972), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/3274"><i>Tsunami Event Information</i></a>, National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information., <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7289%2FV5TD9V7K">10.7289/V5TD9V7K</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tsunami+Event+Information&rft.pub=National+Geophysical+Data+Center+%2F+World+Data+Service+%28NGDC%2FWDS%29%3A+NCEI%2FWDS+Global+Significant+Earthquake+Database.+NOAA+National+Centers+for+Environmental+Information.&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7289%2FV5TD9V7K&rft.au=National+Geophysical+Data+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngdc.noaa.gov%2Fhazel%2Fview%2Fhazards%2Ftsunami%2Fevent-more-info%2F3274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1822+Aleppo+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div 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the Levant">Earthquakes in the Levant</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbccee;">Classic era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/115_Antioch_earthquake" title="115 Antioch earthquake">115 Antioch earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/363_Galilee_earthquake" title="363 Galilee earthquake">363 Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/526_Antioch_earthquake" title="526 Antioch earthquake">526 Antioch earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/528_Antioch_earthquake" title="528 Antioch earthquake">528 Antioch earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/551_Beirut_earthquake" title="551 Beirut earthquake">551 Beirut earthquake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbccee;">Middle ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/749_Galilee_earthquake" title="749 Galilee earthquake">749 Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/847_Damascus_earthquake" title="847 Damascus earthquake">847 Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/859_Syrian_coast_earthquake" title="859 Syrian coast earthquake">859 Syrian coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1033_Jordan_Valley_earthquake" title="1033 Jordan Valley earthquake">1033 Jordan Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1068_Near_East_earthquake" title="1068 Near East earthquake">1068 Near East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1138_Aleppo_earthquake" title="1138 Aleppo earthquake">1138 Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1157_Hama_earthquake" title="1157 Hama earthquake">1157 Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1170_Syria_earthquake" title="1170 Syria earthquake">1170 Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1202_Syria_earthquake" title="1202 Syria earthquake">1202 Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1344_Syria_earthquake" title="1344 Syria earthquake">1344 Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbccee;">Ottoman era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_East_earthquakes_of_1759" class="mw-redirect" title="Near East earthquakes of 1759">1759 Near East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_Latakia_earthquake" title="1796 Latakia earthquake">1796 Latakia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1822 Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1834_Jerusalem_earthquake" title="1834 Jerusalem earthquake">1834 Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee_earthquake_of_1837" class="mw-redirect" title="Galilee earthquake of 1837">1837 Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Heraklion_earthquake" title="1856 Heraklion earthquake">1856 Heraklion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Amik_earthquake" title="1872 Amik earthquake">1872 Amik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbccee;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1927_Jericho_earthquake" title="1927 Jericho earthquake">1927 Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Alexandria_earthquake" title="1955 Alexandria earthquake">1955 Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Chim_earthquake" title="1956 Chim earthquake">1956 Chim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sharm_El_Sheikh_earthquake" title="1969 Sharm El Sheikh earthquake">1969 Sharm El Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Gulf_of_Aqaba_earthquake" title="1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake">1995 Gulf of Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkey%E2%80%93Syria_earthquakes" title="2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes">2023 Turkey–Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes_in_Syria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes in Syria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earthquakes_in_Syria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Levant" title="List of earthquakes in the Levant">Earthquakes in Syria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/847_Damascus_earthquake" title="847 Damascus earthquake">847 Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/859_Syrian_coast_earthquake" title="859 Syrian coast earthquake">859 Syrian coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/991_Damascus_earthquake" title="991 Damascus earthquake">991 Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1033_Jordan_Rift_Valley_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake">1033 Jordan Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1138_Aleppo_earthquake" title="1138 Aleppo earthquake">1138 Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1170_Syria_earthquake" title="1170 Syria earthquake">1170 Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1202_Syria_earthquake" title="1202 Syria earthquake">1202 Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1344_Syria_earthquake" title="1344 Syria earthquake">1344 Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_Latakia_earthquake" title="1796 Latakia earthquake">1796 Latakia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1822 Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Heraklion_earthquake" title="1856 Heraklion earthquake">1856 Heraklion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Amik_earthquake" title="1872 Amik earthquake">1872 Amik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkey%E2%80%93Syria_earthquakes" title="2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes">2023 Turkey–Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" 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