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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early life and career as a fiction writer subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_career_as_a_fiction_writer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_and_education_(1946–1977)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_education_(1946–1977)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Family and education (1946–1977)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_education_(1946–1977)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influential_gay_writer_(1978–1995)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influential_gay_writer_(1978–1995)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Influential gay writer (1978–1995)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influential_gay_writer_(1978–1995)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li 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id="toc-Political_activism_(2012–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_activism_(2012–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Political activism (2012–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_activism_(2012–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Views</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Views subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Great_Replacement_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Great_Replacement_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>The Great Replacement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Great_Replacement_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-White_nationalist_violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#White_nationalist_violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>White nationalist violence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_nationalist_violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_antisemitism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_antisemitism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Allegations of antisemitism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_antisemitism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democracy_and_multiculturalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democracy_and_multiculturalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Democracy and multiculturalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democracy_and_multiculturalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>LGBT rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Influence subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mass_shootings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_shootings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mass shootings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_shootings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christchurch_mosque_shootings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christchurch_mosque_shootings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Christchurch mosque shootings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christchurch_mosque_shootings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-El_Paso_Walmart_shooting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_Paso_Walmart_shooting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>El Paso Walmart shooting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El_Paso_Walmart_shooting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buffalo_Tops_shooting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buffalo_Tops_shooting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Buffalo Tops shooting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buffalo_Tops_shooting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Selected works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Renaud Camus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="رينو كامو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رينو كامو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="رنو کامو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رنو کامو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="رنو کامو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رنو کامو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8_%EC%B9%B4%EB%AE%88" title="르노 카뮈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="르노 카뮈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="رينو كامو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رينو كامو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="رنو کامو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رنو کامو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8E,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Камю, Рено – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Камю, Рено" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%D9%86%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="ڕۆنو کامو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆنو کامو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Renaud Camus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E8%AF%BA%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E7%BC%AA" title="雷诺·加缪 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雷诺·加缪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2566436#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Renaud Camus</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Autoportrait_de_Renaud_Camus_(mars_2019).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Camus in 2019"><img alt="Camus in 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Autoportrait_de_Renaud_Camus_%28mars_2019%29.jpg/220px-Autoportrait_de_Renaud_Camus_%28mars_2019%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Autoportrait_de_Renaud_Camus_%28mars_2019%29.jpg/330px-Autoportrait_de_Renaud_Camus_%28mars_2019%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Autoportrait_de_Renaud_Camus_%28mars_2019%29.jpg/440px-Autoportrait_de_Renaud_Camus_%28mars_2019%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2354" data-file-height="2985" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Camus in 2019</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Jean Renaud Gabriel Camus<br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1946-08-10</span>) </span>10 August 1946<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 78)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Chamali%C3%A8res" title="Chamalières">Chamalières</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Pen name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.4em;">J. R. G. Le Camus<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Sorbonne University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris_II_Panth%C3%A9on-Assas" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris II Panthéon-Assas">University of Paris II Panthéon-Assas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Sciences Po</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i>Tricks</i> (1979)</li> <li><i>The Great Replacement</i> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prix_F%C3%A9n%C3%A9on" title="Prix Fénéon">Prix Fénéon</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie Française">Prix Amic</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist</a> (1970s–1980s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-harm_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No-harm Party (page does not exist)">No-harm</a><span class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_de_l%27in-nocence" class="extiw" title="fr:Parti de l'in-nocence">fr</a>]</span> (2002–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty,_Identity_and_Freedoms" title="Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms">SIEL</a> (2015–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Renaud Camus</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʁəno<span class="wrap"> </span>kamy]</a></span>; born <b>Jean Renaud Gabriel Camus</b> on 10 August 1946) is a French novelist and <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theorist</a>. He is the inventor of the "<a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Replacement">Great Replacement</a>", a <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theory</a> that claims that a "global elite" is colluding against the <a href="/wiki/European_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="European peoples">white population of Europe</a> to replace them with non-European peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-Taguieff_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taguieff-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Camus's "Great Replacement" theory has been translated on far-right websites and adopted by far-right groups to reinforce the <a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">white genocide conspiracy theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Camus has repeatedly condemned and publicly disavowed violent acts which have been perpetrated by far-right terrorists stemming from his theories.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WP_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career_as_a_fiction_writer">Early life and career as a fiction writer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career as a fiction writer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_and_education_(1946–1977)"><span id="Family_and_education_.281946.E2.80.931977.29"></span>Family and education (1946–1977)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family and education (1946–1977)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jean Renaud Gabriel Camus<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born on 10 August 1946<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Chamali%C3%A8res" title="Chamalières">Chamalières</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auvergne_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auvergne (region)">Auvergne</a>, a rural town in central France.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LePoint_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LePoint-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raised in a bourgeois family,<sup id="cite_ref-Spectator_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spectator-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he is the son of Léon Camus, an entrepreneur, and Catherine Gourdiat, a lawyer.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents removed him from their will after he <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">revealed</a> his <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a>. At 21, then a <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">socialist</a>, he participated in <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in France">pro-LGBT</a> marches during the <a href="/wiki/May_1968_events_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1968 events in France">May 1968 events</a> in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-LePoint_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LePoint-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Camus earned a <i><a href="/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat">baccalauréat</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a>, Auvergne, in 1963. He then spent a year at a non-university college, <a href="/wiki/St_Clare%27s,_Oxford" title="St Clare's, Oxford">St Clare's, Oxford</a> (1965–1966). He earned a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree#France" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_literature" title="French literature">French literature</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Sorbonne University</a> in Paris (1969), a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master</a> in philosophy at the <a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Paris Institute of Political Studies</a> (1970),<sup id="cite_ref-POL_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POL-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Advanced_Studies" title="Master of Advanced Studies">Master of Advanced Studies</a> (DES) in <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> (1970) and <a href="/wiki/Legal_history" title="Legal history">history of law</a> (1971) at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris_II_Panth%C3%A9on-Assas" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris II Panthéon-Assas">University Panthéon-Assas</a>. He taught French literature at <a href="/wiki/Hendrix_College" title="Hendrix College">Hendrix College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Conway,_Arkansas" title="Conway, Arkansas">Conway, Arkansas</a> from 1971 to 1972, then was a redactor in political science for the encyclopedia publisher <a href="/wiki/Grolier" title="Grolier">Grolier</a> from 1972 to 1976. He was also a professional reader and literature advisor at French book publisher <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Deno%C3%ABl" title="Éditions Denoël">Denoël</a> from 1970 to 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-POL_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POL-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influential_gay_writer_(1978–1995)"><span id="Influential_gay_writer_.281978.E2.80.931995.29"></span>Influential gay writer (1978–1995)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Influential gay writer (1978–1995)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After settling back in Paris in 1978, Camus quickly began to circulate among writers and artists the likes of <a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Roland Barthes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_%26_George" title="Gilbert & George">Gilbert & George</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Spectator_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spectator-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Known exclusively as a novelist and poet until the late 1990s, Camus received the <i><a href="/wiki/Prix_F%C3%A9n%C3%A9on" title="Prix Fénéon">Prix Fénéon</a></i> in 1977 for his novel <i>Échange</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1996 the <i>Prix Amic</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie française">Académie Française</a> for his previous novels and <a href="/wiki/Elegy" title="Elegy">elegies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheNation_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheNation-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Called retrospectively by some English-language media an "edgy gay writer",<sup id="cite_ref-Spectator_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spectator-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheNation_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheNation-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Camus published in 1979 <i>Tricks</i>, a "chronicle" consisting of descriptions of homosexual encounters in France and elsewhere, with a preface by philosopher Roland Barthes; it remains Camus's most translated work.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Tricks</i> and <i>Buena Vista Park</i>, published in 1980, were deemed influential in the LGBT community at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NouvelObs_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NouvelObs-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheNation_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheNation-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Camus was also a columnist for the French gay magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Gai_pied" title="Gai pied">Gai pied</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NouvelObs_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NouvelObs-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spectator_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spectator-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This period of Camus's life has led American magazine <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i> to label him a "gay icon" who "became the ideologue of <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacy</a>,"<sup id="cite_ref-TheNation_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheNation-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Camus had rejected the concept of "homosexual writer" by 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Camus was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> during the 1970s and 1980s, and he voted for <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> in 1981, winner of the <a href="/wiki/1981_French_presidential_election" title="1981 French presidential election">French presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LePoint_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LePoint-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thirty-one years later, during the 2012 presidential campaign, he dismissed the party with the following remark: "The Socialist Party has published a political program titled <i>Pour changer de civilisation</i> ("To change civilization"). We are among those who, to the contrary, refuse to change civilization."<sup id="cite_ref-LeMonde2012_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeMonde2012-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992, at the age of 46, using the money from the sale of his Paris apartment, Camus bought and began to restore a 14th-century castle in <a href="/wiki/Plieux" title="Plieux">Plieux</a>, a village in <a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitanie</a>. In 1996, he had the epiphany which he said led to the concept of the "Great Replacement".<sup id="cite_ref-Spectator_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spectator-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2019, Camus still lives in the castle. Because he received government funds to assist in the restoration of the castle – which included the rebuilding of a 10-story tower removed in the 17th century – Camus is required to open it to the public for a part of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheNation_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheNation-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Great_Replacement">The Great Replacement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Great Replacement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Replacement">Great Replacement</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_(1996–2011)"><span id="Development_.281996.E2.80.932011.29"></span>Development (1996–2011)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Development (1996–2011)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Plieux_(XIVe-XVIe)_Gers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Plieux_%28XIVe-XVIe%29_Gers.jpg/263px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Plieux_%28XIVe-XVIe%29_Gers.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Plieux_%28XIVe-XVIe%29_Gers.jpg/395px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Plieux_%28XIVe-XVIe%29_Gers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Plieux_%28XIVe-XVIe%29_Gers.jpg/526px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Plieux_%28XIVe-XVIe%29_Gers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1960" data-file-height="1780" /></a><figcaption>The castle of Plieux, built in 1340 and Camus's home in <a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitanie</a>, southern France</figcaption></figure> <p>Camus stated in a 2016 interview with British magazine <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a></i> that he began to develop his theory in 1996, while editing a guidebook about the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> of <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a>. He claimed that he "suddenly realised that in very old villages ... the population had totally changed" and added, "this is when I began to write like that."<sup id="cite_ref-Spectator_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spectator-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Camus supported for a time the left-wing <a href="/wiki/Souverainism" class="mw-redirect" title="Souverainism">souverainist</a> politician <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Chev%C3%A8nement" title="Jean-Pierre Chevènement">Jean-Pierre Chevènement</a>, then voted for the <a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(France)" title="The Greens (France)">ecologist</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Mam%C3%A8re" title="Noël Mamère">Noël Mamère</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2002_French_presidential_election" title="2002 French presidential election">2002 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LePoint_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LePoint-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, he founded his own <a href="/wiki/Racialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Racialism">racialist</a> political party,<sup id="cite_ref-FrancePolitique_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrancePolitique-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Parti de l'In-nocence ("Party of No-harm"), although it was not publicly launched until the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Spectator_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spectator-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party advocates <a href="/wiki/Remigration" title="Remigration">remigration</a>, i.e. sending all immigrants and their families back to the country of their origin, and a complete cessation of future immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also declared that a key to understanding his "Great Replacement" theory can be found in a book about aesthetics he published in 2002, titled <i>Du Sens</i> ("Of Meaning").<sup id="cite_ref-Spectator_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spectator-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the latter, inspired by a <a href="/wiki/Cratylus_(dialogue)" title="Cratylus (dialogue)">dialog</a> between <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cratylus" title="Cratylus">Cratylus</a>, he wrote that the words "France" and "French" equal a natural and physical reality, not a legal one; it is a form of <a href="/wiki/Cratylism" title="Cratylism">Cratylism</a> similar to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Charles Maurras</a>' distinction between the "legal country" and the "real country."<sup id="cite_ref-maurras_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maurras-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tablet_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tablet-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Camus also built on the earlier work of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Raspail" title="Jean Raspail">Jean Raspail</a>, who published the dystopian novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Camp_of_the_Saints" title="The Camp of the Saints">The Camp of the Saints</a></i> in 1973, about immigration and the destruction of Western civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_activism_(2012–present)"><span id="Political_activism_.282012.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Political activism (2012–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Political activism (2012–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012 French presidential election</a>, with a program ranging from "serious proposals, such as the repatriation of foreign-born criminals", to unusual themes in French politics, such as "the right to silence, abolishing wind-farms, banning roadside ads, making sanctuaries of remaining unspoiled places, stopping the production of cars that can go faster than the speed limit, and recognising <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Greater_Lebanon" title="Greater Lebanon">Greater Lebanon</a> for Christians in the Middle East."<sup id="cite_ref-Spectator_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spectator-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He failed to gain enough elected representatives <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sentation_des_candidats_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_fran%C3%A7aise" class="extiw" title="fr:Présentation des candidats à l'élection présidentielle française">presentations</a> to be able to run for president, and eventually decided to support <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LeMonde2012_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeMonde2012-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015 Camus headed an initiative to launch <a href="/wiki/Pegida" title="Pegida">Pegida</a> France alongside <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cassen" title="Pierre Cassen">Pierre Cassen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Riposte_La%C3%AFque" class="mw-redirect" title="Riposte Laïque">Riposte Laïque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Addor" title="Jean-Luc Addor">Jean-Luc Addor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">Swiss People's Party</a>, Pierre Renversez of the Belgian "No to Islam" and Melanie Dittmer of the German Pegida.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Renaud_Camus_et_Karim_Ouchikh_(2019).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Renaud_Camus_et_Karim_Ouchikh_%282019%29.jpg/251px-Renaud_Camus_et_Karim_Ouchikh_%282019%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="251" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Renaud_Camus_et_Karim_Ouchikh_%282019%29.jpg/377px-Renaud_Camus_et_Karim_Ouchikh_%282019%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Renaud_Camus_et_Karim_Ouchikh_%282019%29.jpg/502px-Renaud_Camus_et_Karim_Ouchikh_%282019%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4471" data-file-height="3034" /></a><figcaption>Renaud Camus with <a href="/wiki/Karim_Ouchikh" title="Karim Ouchikh">Karim Ouchikh</a> during their <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019 European campaign</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2017, he declared: "The presidential election that took place [in 2017] was the last chance for a political solution. I don't believe in a political solution ... because in 2022, this time, it will be the occupants, the invaders [i.e. the immigrants] who will vote, who will be the masters of the elections, so anyway the solution is no longer political".<i><sup id="cite_ref-FrancePolitique_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrancePolitique-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>In May 2019, Camus ran, along with <a href="/wiki/Karim_Ouchikh" title="Karim Ouchikh">Karim Ouchikh</a>, for the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2019 European Parliament election in France">European parliament elections</a>: "we shall not leave Europe, we shall make Africa leave Europe," they wrote to define their agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-lefigaroil_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lefigaroil-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the campaign, a photograph of a candidate on his ballot kneeling before a giant <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastika</a> drawn on a beach re-emerged on social media. Camus decided to withdraw from the election, claiming that the swastika was "the opposite of everything [he had] fought for [his] whole life."<sup id="cite_ref-TheNation_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheNation-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 French presidential election</a>, he sided with far-right pundit and presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Éric Zemmour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Great_Replacement_2">The Great Replacement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Great Replacement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since his 2010 and 2011 books <i>L'Abécédaire de l'in-nocence</i> ("Abecedarium of no-harm") and <i>Le Grand Remplacement</i> ("The Great Replacement")—both unpublished in English—Camus has been warning of the purported danger of the "<a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Replacement">Great Replacement</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conspiracy theory supposes that "replacist elites"<sup id="cite_ref-transl-rempla_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transl-rempla-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are colluding against the White French and Europeans in order to replace them with non-European peoples—specifically <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> populations from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>—through mass migration, demographic growth and a drop in the European birth rate; a supposed process he labelled "<a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">genocide by substitution</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Taguieff_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taguieff-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To promote his theory, Camus participated in two conferences organised by <a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Bloc Identitaire</a> in December 2010 and November 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-FrancePolitique_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrancePolitique-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 November 2017, Camus founded, with <a href="/wiki/Karim_Ouchikh" title="Karim Ouchikh">Karim Ouchikh</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_European_Resistance" title="National Council of European Resistance">National Council of European Resistance</a>, an allusion to the WWII French <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_the_Resistance" title="National Council of the Resistance">National Council of the Resistance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pan-European movement—with other members the likes of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Gallou" title="Jean-Yves Le Gallou">Jean-Yves Le Gallou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lugan" title="Bernard Lugan">Bernard Lugan</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Klaus" title="Václav Klaus">Václav Klaus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filip_Dewinter" title="Filip Dewinter">Filip Dewinter</a> or <a href="/wiki/Janice_Atkinson" title="Janice Atkinson">Janice Atkinson</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—seeks to oppose the "Great Replacement", <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Europe" title="Immigration to Europe">immigration to Europe</a>, and to defeat "replacist totalitarianism".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, French essayist <a href="/wiki/Alain_Finkielkraut" title="Alain Finkielkraut">Alain Finkielkraut</a> caused controversy after he invited Camus to debate the "Great Replacement" on the literary talk show <i>Répliques</i> at the public radio <a href="/wiki/France_Culture" title="France Culture">France Culture</a>. Finkielkraut justified his choice by arguing that Camus, who "is heard and seen nowhere, has shaped an expression that we hear everywhere."<sup id="cite_ref-WP_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RD_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RD-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After white supremacist protesters at the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite The Right Rally</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville, Virginia</a> were heard chanting "You will not replace us" and "Jews will not replace us,"<sup id="cite_ref-foreign_affairs2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foreign_affairs2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Camus stated that he did not support Nazis or violence, but that he could understand why white Americans felt angry about being replaced, and that he approved of the sentiment.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2018, he released a book directly written in English and intended for an international audience, titled <i>You Will Not Replace Us!</i><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of February 2023, he continued to defend the "Great Replacement" conspiracy theory on his <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> account,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had around 54,000 followers at the time of its permanent suspension in October 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Camus's account was reactivated in January 2023 thanks to a policy of general amnesty announced by Twitter's new owner <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_nationalist_violence">White nationalist violence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: White nationalist violence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Camus has repeatedly said that he condemns the violent attacks and terrorism committed in echo with his ideas,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WP_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dismissing them as "Occupier's [i.e. immigrant's] practices."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While he denies stigmatizing all Muslims, Camus believes in an unbroken line between petty crime and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a>: "all the terrorists are known by the police, not for terrorist acts or for religious extremism, but by petty larceny and bank attacks, or even by very small things like attacking old ladies in suburban trains, or conflicts between neighbours",<sup id="cite_ref-Spectator_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spectator-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adding in another speech: "we are talking about the fight against terrorism: in my opinion there are no terrorists, not a single one. There are occupants who ... kill a few hostages from time to time to better remind us who the master is."<sup id="cite_ref-FrancePolitique_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrancePolitique-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tract_du_NON_pour_Jour_de_col%C3%A8re.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Tract_du_NON_pour_Jour_de_col%C3%A8re.jpg/220px-Tract_du_NON_pour_Jour_de_col%C3%A8re.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Tract_du_NON_pour_Jour_de_col%C3%A8re.jpg/330px-Tract_du_NON_pour_Jour_de_col%C3%A8re.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Tract_du_NON_pour_Jour_de_col%C3%A8re.jpg/440px-Tract_du_NON_pour_Jour_de_col%C3%A8re.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Camus's tract for his 2014 "day of anger" manifestation against the "great replacement": "No to the change of people and of civilization, no to antisemitism"</figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I therefore believe that we are entering into an absolute necessity of a struggle that will no longer be political ... for which there are two main sources of inspiration: that of the Resistance and that of anti-colonial struggles. We are under occupation—I am absolutely not afraid of the word, I often speak of the second occupation ... We also follow the tradition of all anti-colonial struggles ... Algeria, which has become independent, has considered that it would not be truly independent without the departure of the settlers ... I also believe that there will be no liberation of the territory without the departure of the occupier or colonization, i. e. without <a href="/wiki/Remigration" title="Remigration">remigration</a>. All the major texts in the fight against decolonization apply admirably to France, in particular those of <a href="/wiki/Frantz_Fanon" title="Frantz Fanon">Frantz Fanon</a> ... Faced with this, I propose open resistance, that is, to revolt.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Renaud Camus. <i>Speech of the 10 years of <a href="/wiki/Riposte_La%C3%AFque" class="mw-redirect" title="Riposte Laïque">Riposte Laïque</a></i>, 2 December 2017.</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Scholars Nicolas Bancel, Pascal Blanchard and Ahmed Boubeker state that "the announcement of a civil war is implicit in the theory of the 'great replacement' ... This thesis is extreme—and so simplistic that it can be understood by anyone—because it validates a racial definition of the nation."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2014, Camus was fined €4,000 for incitement to racial hatred after he referred to Muslims as "hooligans" and "soldiers" and as "the armed wing of a group intent on conquering French territory and expelling the existing population from certain areas" during a conference organised by <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Identitaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloc Identitaire">Bloc Identitaire</a> and Riposte Laïque in December 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spectator_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spectator-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Paris" title="Court of Appeal of Paris">Court of Appeal of Paris</a> confirmed this decision.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allegations_of_antisemitism">Allegations of antisemitism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Allegations of antisemitism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his diary of 1994—published in 2000 under the title <i>La campagne de France</i>—Renaud Camus commented on the fact that the membership of a regular panel of literary critics on the public radio <a href="/wiki/France_Culture" title="France Culture">France Culture</a> comprised a majority of Jewish members who, in his view, tended to exclusively focus discussion on Jewish authors and community-centred issues.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheNation_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheNation-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This accusation drew much criticism among some French journalists such as <a href="/wiki/Marc_Weitzmann" title="Marc Weitzmann">Marc Weitzmann</a> or <a href="/wiki/Jean_Daniel" title="Jean Daniel">Jean Daniel</a>, who denounced Camus's remarks as anti-Semitic.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheNation_19-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheNation-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One <a href="/wiki/Editorial" title="Editorial">editorial</a>, signed by <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mitterrand" title="Frédéric Mitterrand">Frédéric Mitterrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Carr%C3%A8re" title="Emmanuel Carrère">Emmanuel Carrère</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Combaz" title="Christian Combaz">Christian Combaz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camille_Laurens" title="Camille Laurens">Camille Laurens</a>, defended Camus in the name of free speech, while another, signed by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serge_Klarsfeld" title="Serge Klarsfeld">Serge Klarsfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lanzmann" title="Claude Lanzmann">Claude Lanzmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Vernant" title="Jean-Pierre Vernant">Jean-Pierre Vernant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Sollers" title="Philippe Sollers">Philippe Sollers</a>, contended that racism and antisemitism, as allegedly displayed by Camus in his diary, are not entitled to this freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Camus has since gained a number of defenders among <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France" title="History of the Jews in France">French-Jewish</a> conservative thinkers, most notably <a href="/wiki/Alain_Finkielkraut" title="Alain Finkielkraut">Alain Finkielkraut</a>, who has taken his side in the controversy since 2000. "Demographic substitution," Finkielkraut said to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i> in 2019, is "not a conspiracy theory," but he dismissed Camus's frequent talk of "genocide by substitution."<sup id="cite_ref-TheNation_19-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheNation-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Éric Zemmour</a>, a French conservative journalist of <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardic Jewish</a> descent, is one of the most prominent mainstream advocates of Camus's theory.<sup id="cite_ref-RD_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RD-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, various right-wing and far-right French-speaking Jewish websites, such as <i>Dreuz.info, Europe-Israël</i> or <i>JssNews,</i> have positively received Camus's conspiracy theory and have called their readership to study his books.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Political scientist <a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Camus" title="Jean-Yves Camus">Jean-Yves Camus</a> and historian <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Lebourg" title="Nicolas Lebourg">Nicolas Lebourg</a> have noted that, contrary to its parent the <a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">white genocide conspiracy theory</a>, Renaud Camus's "<a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Replacement">Great Replacement</a>" does not include an antisemitic Jewish plot, which is, according to them, a reason for its success.<sup id="cite_ref-CamusLebourg2017_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CamusLebourg2017-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French journalist <a href="/wiki/Yann_Moix" title="Yann Moix">Yann Moix</a>, who had accused Camus of being an anti-Semite in 2017, was fined €3,000 by a French <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeal (France)">Court of Appeal</a> for libel on 13 March 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moix's conviction was overturned in January 2020 by the <a href="/wiki/French_Court_of_cassation" class="mw-redirect" title="French Court of cassation">French Court of Cassation</a>, judging that his comments "were the expression of an opinion and a value judgment on the personality of the plaintiff ... and not the imputation of a specific fact."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democracy_and_multiculturalism">Democracy and multiculturalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Democracy and multiculturalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Camus sees democracy as a degradation of <a href="/wiki/High_culture" title="High culture">high culture</a> and favours a system whereby the elite are guardians of the culture, thus opposing <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tablet_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tablet-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: LGBT rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Camus is openly gay and has given lukewarm support to <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_France" title="Same-sex marriage in France">same-sex marriage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NouvelObs_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NouvelObs-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has said that <a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">homophobia</a> and opposition to <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights">gay rights</a> within conservative Islam justifies <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">anti-Muslim sentiment</a>, and that the mainstream <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left</a> has often prioritised defending Islam and <a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">anti-racism</a> over criticising <a href="/wiki/Homophobia_and_islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Homophobia and islam">Muslim homophobia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tablet_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tablet-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a survey led by <a href="/wiki/Institut_fran%C3%A7ais_d%27opinion_publique" title="Institut français d'opinion publique">Ifop</a> in December 2018, 25% of the French subscribed to the theory of the "Great Replacement"; as well as 46% of the responders who defined themselves as "<a href="/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow vests movement">Gilets Jaunes</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another survey led by <a href="/wiki/The_Harris_Poll" title="The Harris Poll">Harris Interactive</a> in October 2021, 61% of the French believed that the "Great Replacement" will happen in France; 67% of the respondents were worried about it.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theory has been cited by Canadian political activist <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Southern" title="Lauren Southern">Lauren Southern</a> in a YouTube video of the same name released in July 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Southern's video had attracted in 2019 more than 670,000 viewers<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is credited with helping to popularize the theory.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "Great Replacement" theory is a key ideological component of <a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarianism</a>, a strand of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">white nationalism</a> that originated in France and has since gained popularity in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and the rest of the Western world.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_shootings">Mass shootings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mass shootings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Camus has repeatedly condemned and publicly disavowed violent acts perpetrated by far-right terrorists,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WP_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> several far-right terrorists, including the perpetrators of the shootings in <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 El Paso shooting">El Paso</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2022_Buffalo_shooting" title="2022 Buffalo shooting">Buffalo</a>, all of which have made reference to the "Great Replacement" conspiracy theory. According to scholars, Camus' Great Replacement theory can only lead to acts of violence, by presenting non-whites as an existential threat to white people,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and immigrants as a <a href="/wiki/Fifth_column" title="Fifth column">fifth column</a> or an "internal enemy".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Camus' use of strong terms like "colonization" and "Occupiers" to label non-European immigrants and their children (in analogy to the <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">Nazi occupation of France</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Heim_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heim-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-figaro-04-19_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-figaro-04-19-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been described by philosopher <a href="/wiki/Alain_Finkielkraut" title="Alain Finkielkraut">Alain Finkielkraut</a> as implicit calls to violence.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christchurch_mosque_shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Christchurch mosque shootings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a></div> <p>The "Great Replacement" was also the name of a manifesto by terrorist Brenton Harrison Tarrant, the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a>-born perpetrator of the shootings in two <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a> mosques that killed 51 <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_New_Zealand" title="Islam in New Zealand">Muslims</a> and injured 40 others. Camus condemned the massacre and described the shootings as a <a href="/wiki/Terrorist_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist attack">terrorist attack</a>, also adding that Tarrant's manifesto had failed to understand the Great Replacement theory. Camus said that he suspected the attacks to be inspired by acts of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic terrorism in France">Islamic terrorism in France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a discussion with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, he said that while he was against the use of violence, he still supported a sort of "<a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary" title="Counter-revolutionary">counter-revolt</a>" against non-White immigration and had no issues with the majority of his supporters' beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-WP_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholar <a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Camus" title="Jean-Yves Camus">Jean-Yves Camus</a> sees Tarrant's ideas as more extreme than Camus' replacement theory, and argues that they are more firmly rooted in <a href="/wiki/Jean_Raspail" title="Jean Raspail">Jean Raspail</a>'s thinking.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="El_Paso_Walmart_shooting">El Paso Walmart shooting</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: El Paso Walmart shooting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 El Paso shooting">2019 El Paso shooting</a></div> <p>Likewise, Tarrant's manifesto and the Great Replacement theory were also cited in <i>The Inconvenient Truth</i> by Patrick Crusius, the perpetrator of the shooting at a <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> store in <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a>, that killed 23 <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Latinos</a> and injured 23 others.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buffalo_Tops_shooting">Buffalo Tops shooting</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Buffalo Tops shooting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2022_Buffalo_shooting" title="2022 Buffalo shooting">2022 Buffalo shooting</a></div> <p>The perpetrator of the shooting at a <a href="/wiki/Tops_Friendly_Markets" title="Tops Friendly Markets">Tops supermarket</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, Payton Gendron, killed ten people and injured three others; 11 of the victims were <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">black</a>. Gendron is reported to have written a manifesto, describing himself as a <a href="/wiki/White_supremacist" class="mw-redirect" title="White supremacist">white supremacist</a> and voicing support for the <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> Great Replacement conspiracy theory of Camus. The attack has been described as an act of <a href="/wiki/Domestic_terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Domestic terrorism in the United States">domestic terrorism</a>, and the incident is being investigated as <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racially motivated</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Craig_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Craig-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kathy_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kathy-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This manifesto expresses support for other far-right mass shooters <a href="/wiki/Dylann_Roof" title="Dylann Roof">Dylann Roof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik">Anders Behring Breivik</a>, and Tarrant.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 28 percent of the document is plagiarized from other sources, especially Tarrant's manifesto.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <p><b>Novels</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Passage</i>. Flammarion (1975) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2080607829" title="Special:BookSources/978-2080607829">978-2080607829</a></li> <li><i>Échange</i>. Flammarion (1976) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2080608925" title="Special:BookSources/978-2080608925">978-2080608925</a></li> <li><i>Roman roi</i>. P.O.L. (1983) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2867440052" title="Special:BookSources/978-2867440052">978-2867440052</a></li> <li><i>Roman furieux (Roman roi II)</i>. P.O.L. (1987) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2867440762" title="Special:BookSources/978-2867440762">978-2867440762</a></li> <li><i>Voyageur en automne</i>. P.O.L. (1992) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2867443022" title="Special:BookSources/978-2867443022">978-2867443022</a></li> <li><i>Le Chasseur de lumières</i>. P.O.L. (1993) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2867443725" title="Special:BookSources/978-2867443725">978-2867443725</a></li> <li><i>L'épuisant désir de ces choses</i>. P.O.L. (1995) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2867444494" title="Special:BookSources/978-2867444494">978-2867444494</a></li> <li><i>L'Inauguration de la salle des Vents</i>. Fayard (2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2213616643" title="Special:BookSources/978-2213616643">978-2213616643</a></li> <li><i>Loin</i>. P.O.L. (2009) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2846823524" title="Special:BookSources/978-2846823524">978-2846823524</a></li></ul> <p><b>Chronicles</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Journal d'un voyage en France</i>. Hachette (1981) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2010067815" title="Special:BookSources/978-2010067815">978-2010067815</a></li> <li><i>Tricks</i>. P.O.L. (1979) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2818001387" title="Special:BookSources/978-2818001387">978-2818001387</a> <ul><li>transl. <i>Tricks: 25 encounters</i>. Serpent's Tail (1995) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1852424145" title="Special:BookSources/978-1852424145">978-1852424145</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Buena Vista Park</i>. Hachette (1980) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2010073052" title="Special:BookSources/978-2010073052">978-2010073052</a></li> <li><i>Incomparable</i>, with Farid Tali. P.O.L. (1999) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2867447044" title="Special:BookSources/978-2867447044">978-2867447044</a></li> <li><i>Retour à Canossa. Journal 1999</i>. Fayard (2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2213614342" title="Special:BookSources/978-2213614342">978-2213614342</a></li></ul> <p><b>Political writings</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Du sens</i>. P.O.L. (2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2867448812" title="Special:BookSources/978-2867448812">978-2867448812</a></li> <li><i>Le communisme du XXIe siècle.</i> Xenia (2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2888920342" title="Special:BookSources/978-2888920342">978-2888920342</a></li> <li><i>La Grande Déculturation</i>. Fayard (2008) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-1091681384" title="Special:BookSources/979-1091681384">979-1091681384</a></li> <li><i>De l'In-nocence. Abécédaire</i>. David Reinharc (2010) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-35869-015-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-35869-015-7">978-2-35869-015-7</a></li> <li><i>Décivilisation</i>. Fayard (2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-2136-6638-5" title="Special:BookSources/2-2136-6638-5">2-2136-6638-5</a></li> <li><i>Le Grand Remplacement</i>. David Reinharc (2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-35869-031-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-35869-031-7">978-2-35869-031-7</a></li> <li><i>L'Homme remplaçable</i>. Self-published (2012) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-10-91681-00-1" title="Special:BookSources/979-10-91681-00-1">979-10-91681-00-1</a></li> <li><i>Le Changement de peuple</i>. Self-published (2013) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-10-91681-06-3" title="Special:BookSources/979-10-91681-06-3">979-10-91681-06-3</a></li> <li><i>Les Inhéritiers</i>. Self-published (2013) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-10-91681-04-9" title="Special:BookSources/979-10-91681-04-9">979-10-91681-04-9</a></li> <li><i>You Will Not Replace Us!</i> Self-published (2018) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-1091681575" title="Special:BookSources/979-1091681575">979-1091681575</a></li> <li><i>Lettre aux Européens : entée de cent une propositions</i> (with <a href="/wiki/Karim_Ouchikh" title="Karim Ouchikh">Karim Ouchikh</a>). Self-published (2019)</li> <li><i>Le Petit Remplacement</i>. Pierre-Guillaume de Roux (2019) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2491446758" title="Special:BookSources/978-2491446758">978-2491446758</a></li> <li><i>La Dépossession : ou Du remplacisme global</i>. La Nouvelle Librairie (2022) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2493898289" title="Special:BookSources/978-2493898289">978-2493898289</a></li> <li><i>Enemy of the Disaster: Selected Political Writings of Renaud Camus</i>, edited with an introduction by Louis Betty. Vauban Books (2023) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8988739906" title="Special:BookSources/979-8988739906">979-8988739906</a></li> <li><i>The Deep Murmur: Preceded by Elegy for Enoch Powell</i>. Vauban Books (2024) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8988739913" title="Special:BookSources/979-8988739913">979-8988739913</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-maurras-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maurras_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French: "pays légal" and "pays réel"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-transl-rempla-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-transl-rempla_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French: "élites remplacistes."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026764725">"Camus, Renaud (1946 )"</a>. Idref.fr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Camus%2C+Renaud+%281946+%29&rft.pub=Idref.fr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idref.fr%2F026764725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taguieff-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taguieff_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taguieff_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaguieff2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Andr%C3%A9_Taguieff" title="Pierre-André Taguieff">Taguieff, Pierre-André</a> (2015). <i>La revanche du nationalisme: Néopopulistes et xénophobes à l'assaut de l'Europe</i>. Presses Universitaires de France. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=guYJCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT71">PT71</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782130729501" title="Special:BookSources/9782130729501"><bdi>9782130729501</bdi></a>. <q>To [the theory of a replacement through mass immigration], that claims itself to be an observation or a description, is added in the "anti-replacist" vision a conspiracy theory which attributes to the "replacist" elites the desire to achieve the "Great Replacement".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+revanche+du+nationalisme%3A+N%C3%A9opopulistes+et+x%C3%A9nophobes+%C3%A0+l%27assaut+de+l%27Europe&rft.pages=PT71&rft.pub=Presses+Universitaires+de+France&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9782130729501&rft.aulast=Taguieff&rft.aufirst=Pierre-Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKorteWendtFalkenhayner2019" class="citation book cs1">Korte, Barbara; Wendt, Simon; Falkenhayner, Nicole (2019). <i>Heroism as a Global Phenomenon in Contemporary Culture</i>. Routledge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fvWODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT10">PT10</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429557842" title="Special:BookSources/9780429557842"><bdi>9780429557842</bdi></a>. <q>This conspiracy theory, which was first articulated by the French philosopher Renaud Camus, has gained a lot of traction in Europe since 2015.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heroism+as+a+Global+Phenomenon+in+Contemporary+Culture&rft.pages=PT10&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780429557842&rft.aulast=Korte&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.au=Wendt%2C+Simon&rft.au=Falkenhayner%2C+Nicole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShafak2019" class="citation news cs1">Shafak, Elif (1 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/apr/01/far-right-bookshelves-jordan-peterson-thilo-sarrazin">"To understand the far right, look to their bookshelves"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=To+understand+the+far+right%2C+look+to+their+bookshelves&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft.aulast=Shafak&rft.aufirst=Elif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2019%2Fapr%2F01%2Ffar-right-bookshelves-jordan-peterson-thilo-sarrazin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWildman2017" class="citation news cs1">Wildman, Sarah (15 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/world/2017/8/15/16141456/renaud-camus-the-great-replacement-you-will-not-replace-us-charlottesville-white">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"You will not replace us": a French philosopher explains the Charlottesville chant"</a>. <i>Vox</i>. <q>He seemed surprised by the notion that his ideas could in any way be associated with the white nationalists marching in Charlottesville. He condemned the violence and insisted he has no connection to Nazism</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=%22You+will+not+replace+us%22%3A+a+French+philosopher+explains+the+Charlottesville+chant&rft.date=2017-08-15&rft.aulast=Wildman&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2F8%2F15%2F16141456%2Frenaud-camus-the-great-replacement-you-will-not-replace-us-charlottesville-white&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WP-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WP_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WP_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WP_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WP_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WP_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeimMcAuley2019" class="citation news cs1">Heim, Joe; McAuley, James (15 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/new-zealand-suspect-inspired-by-far-right-french-intellectual-who-feared-nonwhite-immigration/2019/03/15/8c39fba4-6201-4a8d-99c6-aa42db53d6d3_story.html">"New Zealand attacks offer the latest evidence of a web of supremacist extremism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <q>Camus, now 72, told The Washington Post that he condemns the Christchurch attacks and has always condemned similar violence ... Camus added that he still hopes that the desire for a "counterrevolt" against "colonization in Europe today" will grow, a reference to increases in nonwhite populations ... France Culture is among the most highbrow radio programs in Europe, a French equivalent of NPR. Camus has also discussed the "great replacement" on <i>Répliques</i>, a program anchored by Alain Finkielkraut, a prominent French intellectual.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+attacks+offer+the+latest+evidence+of+a+web+of+supremacist+extremism&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft.aulast=Heim&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.au=McAuley%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fnew-zealand-suspect-inspired-by-far-right-french-intellectual-who-feared-nonwhite-immigration%2F2019%2F03%2F15%2F8c39fba4-6201-4a8d-99c6-aa42db53d6d3_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPolakow-SuranskyWildman2019" class="citation web cs1">Polakow-Suransky, Sasha; Wildman, Sarah (16 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/16/the-inspiration-for-terrorism-in-new-zealand-came-from-france-christchurch-brenton-tarrant-renaud-camus-jean-raspail-identitarians-white-nationalism/">"The Inspiration for Terrorism in New Zealand Came From France"</a>. <i>Foreign Policy</i>. <q><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Camus" title="Jean-Yves Camus">Jean-Yves Camus</a> (no relation to Renaud), a French scholar of the far-right, sees Tarrant's ideas as more firmly rooted in Raspail's thinking than in great replacement theory. "The shooter is much more extreme than Renaud Camus," he said in an email exchange Friday. "Camus coined the term 'grand remplacement' to show his belief that the native European population is being uprooted by the non-Caucasian immigrants, especially the Muslims. Renaud Camus never condoned violence, much less terrorism." He added: "Raspail is another thing."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Inspiration+for+Terrorism+in+New+Zealand+Came+From+France&rft.date=2019-03-16&rft.aulast=Polakow-Suransky&rft.aufirst=Sasha&rft.au=Wildman%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2019%2F03%2F16%2Fthe-inspiration-for-terrorism-in-new-zealand-came-from-france-christchurch-brenton-tarrant-renaud-camus-jean-raspail-identitarians-white-nationalism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFByman2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Byman" title="Daniel Byman">Byman, Daniel</a> (16 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/05/16/buffalo-mass-shooting-white-supremacist-terrorism-great-replacement-theory/">"The Global Roots of the Buffalo Shooting"</a>. <i>Foreign Policy</i>. <q>In fact, although white supremacists in the United States and elsewhere have long claimed the white race is under attack, the Great Replacement theory itself originated in France with philosopher Renaud Camus (though Camus himself rejects violence).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Global+Roots+of+the+Buffalo+Shooting&rft.date=2022-05-16&rft.aulast=Byman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2022%2F05%2F16%2Fbuffalo-mass-shooting-white-supremacist-terrorism-great-replacement-theory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entreprises.lefigaro.fr/monsieur-jean-renaud-gabriel-camus-32/entreprise-799621834">"Entreprise Monsieur Jean Renaud Gabriel Camus à Plieux (32340)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> emploi</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro+emploi&rft.atitle=Entreprise+Monsieur+Jean+Renaud+Gabriel+Camus+%C3%A0+Plieux+%2832340%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fentreprises.lefigaro.fr%2Fmonsieur-jean-renaud-gabriel-camus-32%2Fentreprise-799621834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11894995h"><i>Camus, Renaud (1946-....)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque Nationale de France">Bibliothèque Nationale de France</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Camus%2C+Renaud+%281946-....%29&rft.pub=Biblioth%C3%A8que+Nationale+de+France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalogue.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fcb11894995h&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/occitanie/gers/le-gersois-renaud-camus-theoricien-du-grand-remplacement-candidat-la-presidentielle-2017-1010195.html">"Le Gersois Renaud Camus, théoricien du "grand remplacement", candidat à la présidentielle 2017"</a>. <i>France 3 Occitanie</i> (in French). 30 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+3+Occitanie&rft.atitle=Le+Gersois+Renaud+Camus%2C+th%C3%A9oricien+du+%22grand+remplacement%22%2C+candidat+%C3%A0+la+pr%C3%A9sidentielle+2017&rft.date=2016-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrance3-regions.francetvinfo.fr%2Foccitanie%2Fgers%2Fle-gersois-renaud-camus-theoricien-du-grand-remplacement-candidat-la-presidentielle-2017-1010195.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LePoint-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LePoint_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LePoint_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LePoint_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LePoint_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMahrane2013" class="citation news cs1">Mahrane, Saïd (14 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lepoint.fr/politique/ce-camus-qui-n-aime-pas-l-etranger-14-10-2013-1743776_20.php">"Ce Camus qui n'aime pas l'étranger"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Point</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Ce+Camus+qui+n%27aime+pas+l%27%C3%A9tranger&rft.date=2013-10-14&rft.aulast=Mahrane&rft.aufirst=Sa%C3%AFd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fce-camus-qui-n-aime-pas-l-etranger-14-10-2013-1743776_20.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spectator-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spectator_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spectator_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spectator_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spectator_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spectator_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spectator_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spectator_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spectator_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spectator_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spectator_13-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spectator_13-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSexton2016" class="citation news cs1">Sexton, David (3 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161105233353/http://life.spectator.co.uk/2016/11/non/">"Non!"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://life.spectator.co.uk/2016/11/non/">the original</a> on 5 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator&rft.atitle=Non%21&rft.date=2016-11-03&rft.aulast=Sexton&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flife.spectator.co.uk%2F2016%2F11%2Fnon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Qui est qui en France</i>. J. Lafitte. 2010. p. 443. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782857840503" title="Special:BookSources/9782857840503"><bdi>9782857840503</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Qui+est+qui+en+France&rft.pages=443&rft.pub=J.+Lafitte&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9782857840503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-POL-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-POL_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-POL_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pol-editeur.com/index.php?spec=auteur&numauteur=37">"Renaud Camus"</a>. <i>Éditions P.O.L</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C3%89ditions+P.O.L&rft.atitle=Renaud+Camus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pol-editeur.com%2Findex.php%3Fspec%3Dauteur%26numauteur%3D37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFinkielkrautCamusCarrère2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Finkielkraut, Alain; Camus, Renaud; Carrère, Emmanuel (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cp0XtSqiuuYC&dq=Renaud+Camus+st-clares+oxford&pg=PA61"><i>L'étrangèreté</i></a> (in French). TRICORNE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8293-0248-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8293-0248-0"><bdi>978-2-8293-0248-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27%C3%A9trang%C3%A8ret%C3%A9&rft.pub=TRICORNE&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-2-8293-0248-0&rft.aulast=Finkielkraut&rft.aufirst=Alain&rft.au=Camus%2C+Renaud&rft.au=Carr%C3%A8re%2C+Emmanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcp0XtSqiuuYC%26dq%3DRenaud%2BCamus%2Bst-clares%2Boxford%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaetens2000" class="citation book cs1">Baetens, Jan (2000). <i>Etudes camusiennes</i>. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=How+Gay+Icon+Renaud+Camus+Became+the+Ideologue+of+White+Supremacy&rft.date=2019-06-17&rft.issn=0027-8378&rft.aulast=McAuley&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Farchive%2Frenaud-camus-great-replacement-brenton-tarrant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOnishi2019" class="citation news cs1">Onishi, Norimitsu (20 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="#cite_ref-NouvelObs_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NouvelObs_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLe_Bailly2019" class="citation news cs1">Le Bailly, David (29 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/20160628.OBS3539/renaud-camus-des-backrooms-gays-au-grand-remplacement.html">"Renaud Camus, des backrooms gays au "grand remplacement"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Nouvel_Obs" title="Le Nouvel Obs">Le Nouvel Obs</a></i>.</cite><span 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/europe/290272/renaud-camus-great-replacement">the original</a> on 4 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tablet+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Gay+French+Poet+Behind+the+Alt-Right%27s+Favorite+Catch+Phrase&rft.date=2019-08-27&rft.aulast=Chaouat&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabletmag.com%2Fjewish-news-and-politics%2Feurope%2F290272%2Frenaud-camus-great-replacement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_Times_Editorial_Board2022" class="citation web cs1">New York Times Editorial Board (19 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/19/opinion/us-white-supremacy-violence.html">"There Are No Lone Wolves"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=There+Are+No+Lone+Wolves&rft.date=2022-11-19&rft.au=New+York+Times+Editorial+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F11%2F19%2Fopinion%2Fus-white-supremacy-violence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStaff2012" class="citation news cs1">Staff (27 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/livres/2012/03/27/03005-20120327ARTFIG00691-l-ecrivain-renaud-camus-appelle-a-voter-le-pen.php">"L'écrivain Renaud Camus appelle à voter Le Pen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=L%27%C3%A9crivain+Renaud+Camus+appelle+%C3%A0+voter+Le+Pen&rft.date=2012-03-27&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Flivres%2F2012%2F03%2F27%2F03005-20120327ARTFIG00691-l-ecrivain-renaud-camus-appelle-a-voter-le-pen.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bridge.georgetown.edu/research/factsheet-swiss-peoples-party-schweizerische-volkspartei-svp/">"Factsheet: Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei, SVP)"</a>. <i>Bridge Initiative</i>. Georgetown University. 22 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bridge+Initiative&rft.atitle=Factsheet%3A+Swiss+People%27s+Party+%28Schweizerische+Volkspartei%2C+SVP%29&rft.date=2020-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbridge.georgetown.edu%2Fresearch%2Ffactsheet-swiss-peoples-party-schweizerische-volkspartei-svp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atlantico.fr/article/pepite/pegida--renaud-camus-lance-une-section-francaise-du-mouvement-anti-islam">"Pegida : Renaud Camus lance une section française du mouvement anti-islam"</a>. <i>atlantico</i>. 20 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=atlantico&rft.atitle=Pegida+%3A+Renaud+Camus+lance+une+section+fran%C3%A7aise+du+mouvement+anti-islam&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatlantico.fr%2Farticle%2Fpepite%2Fpegida--renaud-camus-lance-une-section-francaise-du-mouvement-anti-islam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lefigaroil-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lefigaroil_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAFP2019" class="citation news cs1">AFP (4 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/europeennes-le-chantre-de-la-these-du-grand-remplacement-en-tete-de-liste-20190409">"Européennes: l'écrivain Renaud Camus en tête de liste"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></i>. <q>«L'Europe, il ne faut pas en sortir, il faut en sortir l'Afrique» ... «Jamais une occupation n'a pris fin sans le départ de l'occupant. Jamais une colonisation ne s'est achevée sans le retrait des colonisateurs et des colons. La Ligne claire, et seule à l'être, c'est celle qui mène du ferme constat du grand remplacement ... à l'exigence de la remigration», ajoutent-ils.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Europ%C3%A9ennes%3A+l%27%C3%A9crivain+Renaud+Camus+en+t%C3%AAte+de+liste&rft.date=2019-04-04&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2Feuropeennes-le-chantre-de-la-these-du-grand-remplacement-en-tete-de-liste-20190409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAFP2019" class="citation news cs1">AFP (9 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/politique/renaud-camus-le-chantre-du-grand-remplacement-tete-de-liste-aux-europeennes-09-04-2019-8049732.php">"Renaud Camus, le chantre du "grand remplacement", tête de liste aux européennes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Parisien" title="Le Parisien">Le Parisien</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Renaud+Camus%2C+le+chantre+du+%22grand+remplacement%22%2C+t%C3%AAte+de+liste+aux+europ%C3%A9ennes&rft.date=2019-04-09&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fpolitique%2Frenaud-camus-le-chantre-du-grand-remplacement-tete-de-liste-aux-europeennes-09-04-2019-8049732.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAFP2019" class="citation news cs1">AFP (22 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/europeennes-renaud-camus-n-assume-plus-sa-liste-a-cause-d-une-co-listiere_2079720.html">"Européennes : Renaud Camus "n'assume plus" sa liste à cause d'une co-listière"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Express" title="L'Express">L'Express</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=Europ%C3%A9ennes+%3A+Renaud+Camus+%22n%27assume+plus%22+sa+liste+%C3%A0+cause+d%27une+co-listi%C3%A8re&rft.date=2019-05-22&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Factualite%2Fpolitique%2Feuropeennes-renaud-camus-n-assume-plus-sa-liste-a-cause-d-une-co-listiere_2079720.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20211108-how-the-french-great-replacement-theory-conquered-the-far-right">"How France's 'great replacement' theory conquered the global far right"</a>. <i>France 24</i>. 8 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Le Seuil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BWluDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT377">PT377</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-02-140215-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-02-140215-5"><bdi>978-2-02-140215-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+%C3%A9crivains+et+la+politique+en+France+-+De+l%27affaire+Dreyfus+%C3%A0+la+guerre+d%27Alg%C3%A9rie&rft.pages=PT377&rft.pub=Le+Seuil&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-2-02-140215-5&rft.aulast=Sapiro&rft.aufirst=Gis%C3%A8le&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033219/https://www.cnre.eu/a-propos">"À propos"</a>. <i>Conseil National de la Résistance Européenne</i>. 29 November 2017. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conseil+National+de+la+R%C3%A9sistance+Europ%C3%A9enne&rft.atitle=Charte+constitutive&rft.date=2017-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnre.eu%2Fcharte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLambrecq2019" class="citation news cs1">Lambrecq, Maxence (7 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.franceinter.fr/politique/du-jamais-vu-deux-listes-anti-islam-aux-europeennes">"Du jamais vu : deux listes anti-islam pour les élections européennes en France"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/France_Inter" title="France Inter">France Inter</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+Inter&rft.atitle=Du+jamais+vu+%3A+deux+listes+anti-islam+pour+les+%C3%A9lections+europ%C3%A9ennes+en+France&rft.date=2019-05-07&rft.aulast=Lambrecq&rft.aufirst=Maxence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.franceinter.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fdu-jamais-vu-deux-listes-anti-islam-aux-europeennes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RD-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RD_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RD_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDiallo" class="citation news cs1">Diallo, Rokhaya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/03/18/french-islamophobia-goes-global">"French Islamophobia goes global"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=French+Islamophobia+goes+global&rft.aulast=Diallo&rft.aufirst=Rokhaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2F2019%2F03%2F18%2Ffrench-islamophobia-goes-global&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foreign_affairs2-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-foreign_affairs2_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeitzmann2019" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Weitzmann" title="Marc Weitzmann">Weitzmann, Marc</a> (1 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/new-zealand/2019-04-01/global-language-hatred-french">"The Global Language of Hatred Is French"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Global+Language+of+Hatred+Is+French&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft.aulast=Weitzmann&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Fnew-zealand%2F2019-04-01%2Fglobal-language-hatred-french&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWildman2017" class="citation news cs1">Wildman, Sarah (15 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/world/2017/8/15/16141456/renaud-camus-the-great-replacement-you-will-not-replace-us-charlottesville-white">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"You will not replace us": a French philosopher explains the Charlottesville chant"</a>. <i>Vox</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=%22You+will+not+replace+us%22%3A+a+French+philosopher+explains+the+Charlottesville+chant&rft.date=2017-08-15&rft.aulast=Wildman&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2F8%2F15%2F16141456%2Frenaud-camus-the-great-replacement-you-will-not-replace-us-charlottesville-white&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChaouat2019" class="citation news cs1">Chaouat, Bruno (18 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lepoint.fr/invites-du-point/tribune-la-litterature-c-est-le-grand-remplacement-du-monde-18-03-2019-2302033_420.php">"La littérature, c'est le grand remplacement du monde"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Point</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=La+litt%C3%A9rature%2C+c%27est+le+grand+remplacement+du+monde&rft.date=2019-03-18&rft.aulast=Chaouat&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Finvites-du-point%2Ftribune-la-litterature-c-est-le-grand-remplacement-du-monde-18-03-2019-2302033_420.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCamus,_Renaud2023" class="citation web cs1">Camus, Renaud [@RenaudCamus] (16 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RenaudCamus/status/1626213329474560000">"Le génocide par substitution est le crime contre l'humanité du XXIe siècle. Il n'est pas commis par le racisme mais par l'antiracisme, l'alliance des industriels de l'homme et des égalitaristes, qui forment ensemble le Bloc Génocidaire"</a> [Genocide by substitution is the crime against humanity of the 21st century. It is committed not by racism but by anti-racism, the alliance of the industrialists of man and the egalitarians, who together form the Genocidal Bloc.] (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+g%C3%A9nocide+par+substitution+est+le+crime+contre+l%27humanit%C3%A9+du+XXIe+si%C3%A8cle.+Il+n%27est+pas+commis+par+le+racisme+mais+par+l%27antiracisme%2C+l%27alliance+des+industriels+de+l%27homme+et+des+%C3%A9galitaristes%2C+qui+forment+ensemble+le+Bloc+G%C3%A9nocidaire.&rft.date=2023-02-16&rft.au=Camus%2C+Renaud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRenaudCamus%2Fstatus%2F1626213329474560000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015080733/https://twitter.com/RenaudCamus/">"@RenaudCamus"</a>. <i>Twitter</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/RenaudCamus/">the original</a> on 15 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=%40RenaudCamus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FRenaudCamus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBresson2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bresson, Vincent (31 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slate.fr/story/239824/extreme-droite-twitter-come-back-elon-musk-retour-moderation-liberte-expression-alt-right">"L'extrême droite de Twitter peut remercier Elon Musk"</a>. <i>Slate.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate.fr&rft.atitle=L%27extr%C3%AAme+droite+de+Twitter+peut+remercier+Elon+Musk&rft.date=2023-01-31&rft.aulast=Bresson&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.fr%2Fstory%2F239824%2Fextreme-droite-twitter-come-back-elon-musk-retour-moderation-liberte-expression-alt-right&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCamus2019" class="citation web cs1">Camus, Renaud (4 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/RenaudCamus/status/1158000063517515778">"Renaud Camus - Twitter - 3:01PM, 4 Aug 2019"</a>. <i>Twitter</i>. <q>J'appelle à la révolte anticoloniale, moi, à la décolonisation, à la libération du territoire, au départ de l'Occupant, à son Grand Rapatriement qui peut seul nous protéger de la violence — certainement pas au terrorisme et aux massacres de masse, ces pratiques d'Occupant. [I do call for an anti-colonial revolt, for decolonization, for territorial liberation, for the Occupier's departure, for its Great Repatriation which alone can protect us from violence—, certainly not for terrorism and mass massacres, those are Occupier's practices.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=Renaud+Camus+-+Twitter+-+3%3A01PM%2C+4+Aug+2019&rft.date=2019-08-04&rft.aulast=Camus&rft.aufirst=Renaud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FRenaudCamus%2Fstatus%2F1158000063517515778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoubekerBancelBlanchard2015" class="citation book cs1">Boubeker, Ahmed; Bancel, Nicolas; Blanchard, Pascal (2015). <i>Le grand repli</i>. La Découverte. pp. <span class="nowrap">141–</span>152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782707188229" title="Special:BookSources/9782707188229"><bdi>9782707188229</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+grand+repli&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E141-%3C%2Fspan%3E152&rft.pub=La+D%C3%A9couverte&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9782707188229&rft.aulast=Boubeker&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft.au=Bancel%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=Blanchard%2C+Pascal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStaff2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Staff (10 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2014/04/10/l-ecrivain-renaud-camus-condamne-pour-provocation-a-la-haine-contre-les-musulmans_4399551_3224.html">"L'écrivain Renaud Camus condamné pour provocation à la haine contre les musulmans"</a>. <i>Le Monde</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=L%27%C3%A9crivain+Renaud+Camus+condamn%C3%A9+pour+provocation+%C3%A0+la+haine+contre+les+musulmans&rft.date=2014-04-10&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2014%2F04%2F10%2Fl-ecrivain-renaud-camus-condamne-pour-provocation-a-la-haine-contre-les-musulmans_4399551_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAFP2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">AFP (9 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1582975-20150409-provocation-haine-contre-musulmans-condamnation-renaud-camus-confirmee">"Provocation à la haine contre les musulmans: La condamnation de Renaud Camus confirmée"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/20_Minuten" title="20 Minuten">20 Minutes</a></i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=20+Minutes&rft.atitle=Provocation+%C3%A0+la+haine+contre+les+musulmans%3A+La+condamnation+de+Renaud+Camus+confirm%C3%A9e&rft.date=2015-04-09&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.20minutes.fr%2Fsociete%2F1582975-20150409-provocation-haine-contre-musulmans-condamnation-renaud-camus-confirmee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2000/06/01/fragments-du-journal-de-1994_3715855_1819218.html">"Fragments du " Journal de 1994 "<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>. 1 June 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Fragments+du+%22+Journal+de+1994+%22&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F2000%2F06%2F01%2Ffragments-du-journal-de-1994_3715855_1819218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJaffrin2012" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jaffrin, Ivan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fcontextes.4975">"D'un scandale l'autre: l'affaire Renaud Camus et la faillite de la critique intellectuelle"</a>. <i>COnTEXTES. Revue de sociologie de la littérature</i> (in French) (10). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fcontextes.4975">10.4000/contextes.4975</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1783-094X">1783-094X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=COnTEXTES.+Revue+de+sociologie+de+la+litt%C3%A9rature&rft.atitle=D%27un+scandale+l%27autre%3A+l%27affaire+Renaud+Camus+et+la+faillite+de+la+critique+intellectuelle&rft.issue=10&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fcontextes.4975&rft.issn=1783-094X&rft.aulast=Jaffrin&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4000%252Fcontextes.4975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210302193804/https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/mecaniques-du-complotisme-saison-2-les-instructions-secretes-et-le-faux-complot-des-jesuites/le-grand-remplacement-un-virus-francais-45-la-decennie-zemmour">"Le grand remplacement, un virus français (4/5) : la décennie Zemmour"</a>. <i>France Culture</i> (in French). 5 November 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/mecaniques-du-complotisme-saison-2-les-instructions-secretes-et-le-faux-complot-des-jesuites/le-grand-remplacement-un-virus-francais-45-la-decennie-zemmour">the original</a> on 2 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Culture&rft.atitle=Le+grand+remplacement%2C+un+virus+fran%C3%A7ais+%284%2F5%29+%3A+la+d%C3%A9cennie+Zemmour&rft.date=2019-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.franceculture.fr%2Femissions%2Fmecaniques-du-complotisme-saison-2-les-instructions-secretes-et-le-faux-complot-des-jesuites%2Fle-grand-remplacement-un-virus-francais-45-la-decennie-zemmour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCourouble_ShareRasplusCorcos2017" class="citation news cs1">Courouble Share, Stéphanie; Rasplus, Valéry; Corcos, Jean (3 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2017/05/03/le-soutien-de-renaud-camus-a-marine-le-pen-doit-faire-reflechir-les-membres-de-la-communaute-juive_5121534_3232.html">"Le soutien de Renaud Camus à Marine Le Pen doit faire réfléchir les membres de la communauté juive"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Le+soutien+de+Renaud+Camus+%C3%A0+Marine+Le+Pen+doit+faire+r%C3%A9fl%C3%A9chir+les+membres+de+la+communaut%C3%A9+juive&rft.date=2017-05-03&rft.aulast=Courouble+Share&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phanie&rft.au=Rasplus%2C+Val%C3%A9ry&rft.au=Corcos%2C+Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fidees%2Farticle%2F2017%2F05%2F03%2Fle-soutien-de-renaud-camus-a-marine-le-pen-doit-faire-reflechir-les-membres-de-la-communaute-juive_5121534_3232.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CamusLebourg2017-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CamusLebourg2017_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJean-Yves_CamusNicolas_Lebourg2017" class="citation book cs1">Jean-Yves Camus; Nicolas Lebourg (2017). <i>Far-Right Politics in Europe</i>. Harvard University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">206–</span>207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-97153-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-97153-0"><bdi>978-0-674-97153-0</bdi></a>. <q>The success of that umpteenth incarnation of a theme launched immediately after World War II (Camus has personally declared his indebtedness to Enoch Powell) can be explained by the fact that he subtracted anti-Semitism from the argument</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Far-Right+Politics+in+Europe&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E206-%3C%2Fspan%3E207&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-674-97153-0&rft.au=Jean-Yves+Camus&rft.au=Nicolas+Lebourg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeffray2019" class="citation news cs1">Geffray, Émilie (14 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvmag.lefigaro.fr/programme-tv/yann-moix-condamne-en-appel-pour-avoir-qualifie-renaud-camus-d-antisemite_ad74ec62-462b-11e9-8595-6818f33e116a/">"Yann Moix condamné en appel pour avoir qualifié Renaud Camus d'"antisémite"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Yann+Moix+condamn%C3%A9+en+appel+pour+avoir+qualifi%C3%A9+Renaud+Camus+d%27%22antis%C3%A9mite%22&rft.date=2019-03-14&rft.aulast=Geffray&rft.aufirst=%C3%89milie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvmag.lefigaro.fr%2Fprogramme-tv%2Fyann-moix-condamne-en-appel-pour-avoir-qualifie-renaud-camus-d-antisemite_ad74ec62-462b-11e9-8595-6818f33e116a%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAFP2020" class="citation news cs1">AFP (7 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/culture/diffamation-envers-renaud-camus-la-condamnation-de-yann-moix-annulee-20200107">"Diffamation envers Renaud Camus : la condamnation de Yann Moix annulée"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Diffamation+envers+Renaud+Camus+%3A+la+condamnation+de+Yann+Moix+annul%C3%A9e&rft.date=2020-01-07&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fculture%2Fdiffamation-envers-renaud-camus-la-condamnation-de-yann-moix-annulee-20200107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiabot2019" class="citation news cs1">Liabot, Thomas (11 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lejdd.fr/Societe/sondage-les-gilets-jaunes-sont-plus-sensibles-aux-theories-du-complot-3855563">"Sondage : les Gilets jaunes sont plus sensibles aux théories du complot"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_du_Dimanche" title="Le Journal du Dimanche">Le Journal du Dimanche</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Journal+du+Dimanche&rft.atitle=Sondage+%3A+les+Gilets+jaunes+sont+plus+sensibles+aux+th%C3%A9ories+du+complot&rft.date=2019-02-11&rft.aulast=Liabot&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lejdd.fr%2FSociete%2Fsondage-les-gilets-jaunes-sont-plus-sensibles-aux-theories-du-complot-3855563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/67-de-francais-inquiets-par-l-idee-d-un-grand-remplacement-selon-un-sondage-20211021">"67% de Français inquiets par l'idée d'un "grand remplacement", selon un sondage"</a>. <i>Le Figaro</i>. 21 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=67%25+de+Fran%C3%A7ais+inquiets+par+l%27id%C3%A9e+d%27un+%22grand+remplacement%22%2C+selon+un+sondage&rft.date=2021-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Factualite-france%2F67-de-francais-inquiets-par-l-idee-d-un-grand-remplacement-selon-un-sondage-20211021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChatterton_Williams2017" class="citation news cs1">Chatterton Williams, Thomas (4 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/12/04/the-french-origins-of-you-will-not-replace-us">"The French Origins of "You Will Not Replace Us"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+French+Origins+of+%22You+Will+Not+Replace+Us%22&rft.date=2017-12-04&rft.aulast=Chatterton+Williams&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2017%2F12%2F04%2Fthe-french-origins-of-you-will-not-replace-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSouthern2017" class="citation web cs1">Southern, Lauren (3 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTDmsmN43NA">"The Great Replacement"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=The+Great+Replacement&rft.date=2017-07-03&rft.aulast=Southern&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DOTDmsmN43NA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead YouTube link tagged February 2022">dead YouTube link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiller2019" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Nick (19 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/the-great-replacement-the-racist-idea-now-at-the-heart-of-europe-s-politics-20190319-p515cc.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Great Replacement': an idea now at the heart of Europe's politics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=%27The+Great+Replacement%27%3A+an+idea+now+at+the+heart+of+Europe%27s+politics&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fthe-great-replacement-the-racist-idea-now-at-the-heart-of-europe-s-politics-20190319-p515cc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDearden2017" class="citation news cs1">Dearden, Lizzie (9 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925222918/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/generation-identity-far-right-group-training-camps-europe-uk-recruits-military-white-nationalist-a8046641.html">"Generation Identity: Far-right group sending UK recruits to military-style training camps in Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/generation-identity-far-right-group-training-camps-europe-uk-recruits-military-white-nationalist-a8046641.html">the original</a> on 25 September 2018. <q>... claims it represents 'indigenous Europeans' and propagates the far-right conspiracy theory that white people are becoming a minority in what it calls the 'Great Replacement'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Generation+Identity%3A+Far-right+group+sending+UK+recruits+to+military-style+training+camps+in+Europe&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft.aulast=Dearden&rft.aufirst=Lizzie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Fgeneration-identity-far-right-group-training-camps-europe-uk-recruits-military-white-nationalist-a8046641.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFObaidiKunstOzerKimel2022" class="citation journal cs1">Obaidi, Milan; Kunst, Jonas; Ozer, Simon; Kimel, Sasha Y. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F13684302211028293">"The "Great Replacement" conspiracy: How the perceived ousting of Whites can evoke violent extremism and Islamophobia"</a>. <i>Group Processes & Intergroup Relations</i>. <b>25</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">1675–</span>1695. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F13684302211028293">10.1177/13684302211028293</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1368-4302">1368-4302</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:238778395">238778395</a>. <q>Specifically, because it portrays the majority population as victims whose ethnicity is under existential threat, it may help to justify violence as a necessary mean to avert such threats (Bandura, 1999; Kruglanski et al., 2014).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Group+Processes+%26+Intergroup+Relations&rft.atitle=The+%22Great+Replacement%22+conspiracy%3A+How+the+perceived+ousting+of+Whites+can+evoke+violent+extremism+and+Islamophobia&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1675-%3C%2Fspan%3E1695&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A238778395%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1368-4302&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F13684302211028293&rft.aulast=Obaidi&rft.aufirst=Milan&rft.au=Kunst%2C+Jonas&rft.au=Ozer%2C+Simon&rft.au=Kimel%2C+Sasha+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F13684302211028293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChotiner2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Chotiner, Isaac (15 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/making-sense-of-the-racist-mass-shooting-in-buffalo">"Making Sense of the Racist Mass Shooting in Buffalo"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Making+Sense+of+the+Racist+Mass+Shooting+in+Buffalo&rft.date=2022-05-15&rft.aulast=Chotiner&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fq-and-a%2Fmaking-sense-of-the-racist-mass-shooting-in-buffalo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2014/01/23/le-grand-boniment_4353499_823448.html">"Le fantasme du 'grand remplacement' démographique"</a> [The fantasy of the "great replacement" demographic]. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> (in French). 23 January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190521014256/https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2014/01/23/le-grand-boniment_4353499_823448.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Le+fantasme+du+%27grand+remplacement%27+d%C3%A9mographique&rft.date=2014-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2014%2F01%2F23%2Fle-grand-boniment_4353499_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heim-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heim_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeimMcAuley2019" class="citation news cs1">Heim, Joe; McAuley, James (15 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/new-zealand-suspect-inspired-by-far-right-french-intellectual-who-feared-nonwhite-immigration/2019/03/15/8c39fba4-6201-4a8d-99c6-aa42db53d6d3_story.html">"New Zealand attacks offer the latest evidence of a web of supremacist extremism"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190318105822/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/new-zealand-suspect-inspired-by-far-right-french-intellectual-who-feared-nonwhite-immigration/2019/03/15/8c39fba4-6201-4a8d-99c6-aa42db53d6d3_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>. <q>Camus, now 72, told The Washington Post that he condemns the Christchurch attacks and has always condemned similar violence. [...] Camus added that he still hopes that the desire for a 'counterrevolt' against 'colonization in Europe today' will grow, a reference to increases in nonwhite populations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+attacks+offer+the+latest+evidence+of+a+web+of+supremacist+extremism&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft.aulast=Heim&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.au=McAuley%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fnew-zealand-suspect-inspired-by-far-right-french-intellectual-who-feared-nonwhite-immigration%2F2019%2F03%2F15%2F8c39fba4-6201-4a8d-99c6-aa42db53d6d3_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-figaro-04-19-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-figaro-04-19_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAFP2019" class="citation web cs1">AFP (4 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/europeennes-le-chantre-de-la-these-du-grand-remplacement-en-tete-de-liste-20190409">"Européennes: l'écrivain Renaud Camus en tête de liste"</a>. <i>Le Figaro</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190920105132/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/europeennes-le-chantre-de-la-these-du-grand-remplacement-en-tete-de-liste-20190409">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2019</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'L'Europe, il ne faut pas en sortir, il faut en sortir l'Afrique' [...] 'Jamais une occupation n'a pris fin sans le départ de l'occupant. Jamais une colonisation ne s'est achevée sans le retrait des colonisateurs et des colons. La Ligne claire, et seule à l'être, c'est celle qui mène du ferme constat du grand remplacement (...) à l'exigence de la remigration', ajoutent-ils.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Europ%C3%A9ennes%3A+l%27%C3%A9crivain+Renaud+Camus+en+t%C3%AAte+de+liste&rft.date=2019-04-04&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2Feuropeennes-le-chantre-de-la-these-du-grand-remplacement-en-tete-de-liste-20190409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFinkielkraut2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Finkielkraut" title="Alain Finkielkraut">Finkielkraut, Alain</a> (24 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/repliques/le-grand-demenagement-du-monde-1">"Le grand déménagement du monde"</a>. <i>France Culture</i> (Audio) (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190902232848/https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/repliques/le-grand-demenagement-du-monde-1">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2019. <q>The Occupation provoked among the French, and especially among the resisters, a very intense feeling of hatred [...] Moreover this occupation was made of persons in uniforms [...] How could you not provoke, with such an analogy, a hatred that some will judge salutary towards any immigrant they will meet [...]? It appears to me contradictory on your side to say that you condemn hatred, while at the same time drawing inspiration from that incendiary analogy to describe our times.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Culture&rft.atitle=Le+grand+d%C3%A9m%C3%A9nagement+du+monde&rft.date=2017-06-24&rft.aulast=Finkielkraut&rft.aufirst=Alain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.franceculture.fr%2Femissions%2Frepliques%2Fle-grand-demenagement-du-monde-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190315-french-great-replacement-writer-denounces-appalling-nzealand-attack">"French 'Great Replacement' writer denounces 'appalling' NZealand attack"</a>. <i>France 24</i>. 15 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=French+%27Great+Replacement%27+writer+denounces+%27appalling%27+NZealand+attack&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20190315-french-great-replacement-writer-denounces-appalling-nzealand-attack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcAuley2019" class="citation news cs1">McAuley, James (15 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190316021111/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/new-zealand-suspect-inspired-by-far-right-french-intellectual-who-feared-nonwhite-immigration/2019/03/15/8c39fba4-6201-4a8d-99c6-aa42db53d6d3_story.html">"Renaud Camus' ideas may have inspired the Christchurch mosque slayings in New Zealand"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/new-zealand-suspect-inspired-by-far-right-french-intellectual-who-feared-nonwhite-immigration/2019/03/15/8c39fba4-6201-4a8d-99c6-aa42db53d6d3_story.html">the original</a> on 16 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Renaud+Camus%27+ideas+may+have+inspired+the+Christchurch+mosque+slayings+in+New+Zealand&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft.aulast=McAuley&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fnew-zealand-suspect-inspired-by-far-right-french-intellectual-who-feared-nonwhite-immigration%2F2019%2F03%2F15%2F8c39fba4-6201-4a8d-99c6-aa42db53d6d3_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeill2019" class="citation news cs1">Weill, Kelly (4 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/el-paso-shooting-racist-lie-great-replacement-fuels-terrorist-attacks">"From Christchurch to El Paso, a Racist Lie is Fueling Terrorist Attacks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=From+Christchurch+to+El+Paso%2C+a+Racist+Lie+is+Fueling+Terrorist+Attacks&rft.date=2019-08-04&rft.aulast=Weill&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fel-paso-shooting-racist-lie-great-replacement-fuels-terrorist-attacks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Craig-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Craig_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCraig2022" class="citation news cs1">Craig, Andy (15 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/turn-pushers-of-this-anti-white-conspiracy-theory-into-pariahs">"Turn Pushers of This 'Anti-White' Conspiracy Theory Into Pariahs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Turn+Pushers+of+This+%27Anti-White%27+Conspiracy+Theory+Into+Pariahs&rft.date=2022-05-15&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fturn-pushers-of-this-anti-white-conspiracy-theory-into-pariahs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHelmore2022" class="citation web cs1">Helmore, Edward (15 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/may/14/buffalo-shooting-supermarket-new-york">"Buffalo shooting: teenager accused of killing 10 in 'racially motivated' supermarket attack"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092225/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/may/14/buffalo-shooting-supermarket-new-york">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Buffalo+shooting%3A+teenager+accused+of+killing+10+in+%27racially+motivated%27+supermarket+attack&rft.date=2022-05-15&rft.aulast=Helmore&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2022%2Fmay%2F14%2Fbuffalo-shooting-supermarket-new-york&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVeronica2022" class="citation web cs1">Veronica, Nick (14 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wivb.com/news/buffalo-supermarket-mass-shooting-tops/buffalo-mass-shooters-alleged-manifesto-leaves-no-doubt-attack-was-white-supremacist-terrorism/">"Buffalo mass shooter's alleged manifesto leaves no doubt attack was white supremacist terrorism"</a>. <i>WIVB-TV</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220515052105/https://www.wivb.com/news/buffalo-supermarket-mass-shooting-tops/buffalo-mass-shooters-alleged-manifesto-leaves-no-doubt-attack-was-white-supremacist-terrorism/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WIVB-TV&rft.atitle=Buffalo+mass+shooter%27s+alleged+manifesto+leaves+no+doubt+attack+was+white+supremacist+terrorism&rft.date=2022-05-14&rft.aulast=Veronica&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wivb.com%2Fnews%2Fbuffalo-supermarket-mass-shooting-tops%2Fbuffalo-mass-shooters-alleged-manifesto-leaves-no-doubt-attack-was-white-supremacist-terrorism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:10_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlbert2022" class="citation web cs1">Albert, Victoria (14 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mass-shooting-tops-buffalo-supermarket/">"10 killed in 'racially motivated' mass shooting at Buffalo supermarket, FBI says"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220514224146/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mass-shooting-tops-buffalo-supermarket/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=10+killed+in+%27racially+motivated%27+mass+shooting+at+Buffalo+supermarket%2C+FBI+says&rft.date=2022-05-14&rft.aulast=Albert&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmass-shooting-tops-buffalo-supermarket%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kathy-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kathy_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wwnytv.com/2022/05/15/gov-hochul-mass-shooting-buffalo-an-act-terror/">"Gov. Hochul on the mass shooting in Buffalo: 'An act of terror'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>WWNY</i>. 15 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220515145535/https://www.wwnytv.com/2022/05/15/gov-hochul-mass-shooting-buffalo-an-act-terror/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WWNY&rft.atitle=Gov.+Hochul+on+the+mass+shooting+in+Buffalo%3A+%27An+act+of+terror%27&rft.date=2022-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wwnytv.com%2F2022%2F05%2F15%2Fgov-hochul-mass-shooting-buffalo-an-act-terror%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcKinleyTraubClosson2022" class="citation news cs1">McKinley, Jesse; Traub, Alex; Closson, Troy (14 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/05/14/nyregion/buffalo-shooting">"Gunman Kills 10 at Buffalo Supermarket in Racist Attack"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220515055142/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/05/14/nyregion/buffalo-shooting?smid=url-copy%23the-accused-gunmans-racist-manifesto-outlined-a-plan-to-kill-blacks-and-referred-to-replacement-theory">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gunman+Kills+10+at+Buffalo+Supermarket+in+Racist+Attack&rft.date=2022-05-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=McKinley&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft.au=Traub%2C+Alex&rft.au=Closson%2C+Troy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flive%2F2022%2F05%2F14%2Fnyregion%2Fbuffalo-shooting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2022" class="citation news cs1">Wilkinson, Joseph (14 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/ny-buffalo-shooter-manifesto-new-zealand-mosque-20220515-kruzyldskbaplcr5hue27hhlhq-story.html">"Buffalo supermarket shooter was radicalized by New Zealand mosque killer"</a>. <i>The New York Daily News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220515044704/https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/ny-buffalo-shooter-manifesto-new-zealand-mosque-20220515-kruzyldskbaplcr5hue27hhlhq-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Buffalo+supermarket+shooter+was+radicalized+by+New+Zealand+mosque+killer&rft.date=2022-05-14&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fny-buffalo-shooter-manifesto-new-zealand-mosque-20220515-kruzyldskbaplcr5hue27hhlhq-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:14_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/buffalo-supermarket-mass-shooting/h_fd4c2c8561a7c9d19a357717190ff332">"Buffalo mayor says alleged shooter traveled 'hours from outside' the city to attack supermarket"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 14 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220515145528/https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/buffalo-supermarket-mass-shooting/h_fd4c2c8561a7c9d19a357717190ff332">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Buffalo+mayor+says+alleged+shooter+traveled+%27hours+from+outside%27+the+city+to+attack+supermarket&rft.date=2022-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fus%2Flive-news%2Fbuffalo-supermarket-mass-shooting%2Fh_fd4c2c8561a7c9d19a357717190ff332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wivb.com/news/buffalo-supermarket-mass-shooting-tops/racist-screed-linked-to-buffalo-mass-shooter-plagiarized-manifesto-portions-from-christchurch-mosque-shooter-great-replacement-theory/">"Racist screed linked to Buffalo mass shooter 'plagiarized' portions from Christchurch mosque shooter, expert says"</a>. <i>News 4 Buffalo</i>. 16 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517133208/https://www.wivb.com/news/buffalo-supermarket-mass-shooting-tops/racist-screed-linked-to-buffalo-mass-shooter-plagiarized-manifesto-portions-from-christchurch-mosque-shooter-great-replacement-theory/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+4+Buffalo&rft.atitle=Racist+screed+linked+to+Buffalo+mass+shooter+%27plagiarized%27+portions+from+Christchurch+mosque+shooter%2C+expert+says&rft.date=2022-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wivb.com%2Fnews%2Fbuffalo-supermarket-mass-shooting-tops%2Fracist-screed-linked-to-buffalo-mass-shooter-plagiarized-manifesto-portions-from-christchurch-mosque-shooter-great-replacement-theory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStanley-BeckerHarwell2022" class="citation news cs1">Stanley-Becker, Isaac; Harwell, Drew (15 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/05/15/buffalo-shooter-great-replacement-extremism/">"Buffalo gunman was inspired by racist theory underpinning global carnage"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516094008/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/05/15/buffalo-shooter-great-replacement-extremism/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Buffalo+gunman+was+inspired+by+racist+theory+underpinning+global+carnage&rft.date=2022-05-15&rft.aulast=Stanley-Becker&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft.au=Harwell%2C+Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2022%2F05%2F15%2Fbuffalo-shooter-great-replacement-extremism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenaud+Camus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Camus&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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/></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Renaud_Camus" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Renaud Camus">Renaud Camus</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.renaud-camus.net/">Personal website</a> including the online book <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.renaud-camus.net/vaisseaux-brules/presentation/english/">Burnt Boats</a></i> (<i>Vaisseaux brûlés</i>)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pol-editeur.com/index.php?spec=auteur&numpage=12&numrub=3&numcateg=2&numsscateg=&lg=fr&numauteur=37">Renaud Camus at publisher's site</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.renaud-camus.org/">Renaud Camus readers society site</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Far-right_politics_in_France237" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_far_right" title="Template:French far right"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_far_right" title="Template talk:French far right"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_far_right" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French far right"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Far-right_politics_in_France237" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_far-right_movements_in_France" title="History of far-right movements in France">Far-right politics in France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger" title="Georges Ernest Boulanger">Boulanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">de Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Drumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Vacher_de_Lapouge" title="Georges Vacher de Lapouge">de Lapouge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_League_of_France" title="Antisemitic League of France">Antisemitic League of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_National_Party" title="Breton National Party">Breton National Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camelots_du_Roi" title="Camelots du Roi">Camelots du Roi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Croix-de-Feu" title="Croix-de-Feu">Croix-de-Feu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Faisceau" class="mw-redirect" title="Faisceau">Faisceau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_National-Collectivist_Party" title="French National-Collectivist Party">French National-Collectivist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenshirts_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenshirts (France)">Greenshirts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeunesses_Patriotes" title="Jeunesses Patriotes">Jeunesses Patriotes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Cagoule" title="La Cagoule">La Cagoule</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ligue_des_Patriotes" title="Ligue des Patriotes">Ligue des Patriotes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milice" title="Milice">Milice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Mouvement Franciste</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Rally" title="National Popular Rally">National Popular Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Social_Movement" title="Revolutionary Social Movement">Revolutionary Social Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Service_d%27ordre_l%C3%A9gionnaire" title="Service d'ordre légionnaire">Service d'ordre légionnaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solidarit%C3%A9_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Solidarité Française">Solidarité Française</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Barr%C3%A8s" title="Maurice Barrès">Barrès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville">Bainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Benoist-M%C3%A9chin" title="Jacques Benoist-Méchin">Benoist-Méchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Bonnard" title="Abel Bonnard">Bonnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brasillach" title="Robert Brasillach">Brasillach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bucard" title="Marcel Bucard">Bucard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cl%C3%A9menti_(politician)" title="Pierre Clémenti (politician)">Clémenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Coston" title="Henry Coston">Coston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Darnand" title="Joseph Darnand">Darnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Daudet" title="Léon Daudet">Daudet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Déat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Deloncle" title="Eugène Deloncle">Deloncle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D%C3%A9roul%C3%A8de" title="Paul Déroulède">Déroulède</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dorg%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Dorgères">Dorgères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doriot" title="Jacques Doriot">Doriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Drieu_La_Rochelle" title="Pierre Drieu La Rochelle">Drieu La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Maulnier" title="Thierry Maulnier">Maulnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Maxence" title="Jean-Pierre Maxence">Maxence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand%27s_relationship_with_the_far_right" class="mw-redirect" title="François Mitterrand's relationship with the far right">Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Ousset" title="Jean Ousset">Ousset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Plateau" title="Marius Plateau">Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Pujo" title="Maurice Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Rebatet" title="Lucien Rebatet">Rebatet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Vallat" title="Xavier Vallat">Vallat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Vaugeois" title="Henri Vaugeois">Vaugeois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct<br />post-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise_(post_war)" class="mw-redirect" title="Action Française (post war)">Action Française (post war)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel_Group" title="Charles Martel Group">Charles Martel Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe-Action" title="Europe-Action">Europe-Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Rally_for_Liberty" title="European Rally for Liberty">European Rally for Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_d%27action_nationale_et_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Fédération d'action nationale et européenne">Fédération d'action nationale et européenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Nationalist_Students" title="Federation of Nationalist Students">Federation of Nationalist Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_European_Nationalist_Party" title="French and European Nationalist Party">French and European Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Alg%C3%A9rie_Fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Algérie Française">Front Algérie Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_Union_D%C3%A9fense" title="Groupe Union Défense">Groupe Union Défense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Nouvelle Résistance">Nouvelle Résistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occident_(movement)" title="Occident (movement)">Occident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_and_Independent_Republicans" class="mw-redirect" title="National Unity and Independent Republicans">UNIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9s_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Comités TV">Comités TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordre_Nouveau_(1960s)" title="Ordre Nouveau (1960s)">Ordre Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Arm%C3%A9e_Secr%C3%A8te" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation Armée Secrète">Organisation Armée Secrète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_New_Forces" title="Party of New Forces">Party of New Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalange_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Phalange Française">Phalange Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Network" title="Radical Network">Radical Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_National_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Rassemblement National Français">Rassemblement National Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Nationalist_Groups" title="Revolutionary Nationalist Groups">Revolutionary Nationalist Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_Voie" class="mw-redirect" title="Troisième Voie">Troisième Voie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_Radicale" title="Unité Radicale">Unité Radicale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adsav" title="Adsav">Adsav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGRIF" title="AGRIF">AGRIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace_First" title="Alsace First">Alsace First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Defence_of_the_Memory_of_Marshal_P%C3%A9tain" title="Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain">Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_catholique" title="Cité catholique">Cité catholique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civitas_(movement)" title="Civitas (movement)">Civitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrefour_de_l%27Horloge" title="Carrefour de l'Horloge">Carrefour de l'Horloge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">Debout la France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Reconciliation" title="Equality and Reconciliation">Equality and Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe-Jeunesse" title="Europe-Jeunesse">Europe-Jeunesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nationalists_(France)" title="The Nationalists (France)">The Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Renewal" title="French Renewal">French Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_Identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Generation Identity">Generation Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRECE" title="GRECE">GRECE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_the_South_(France)" title="League of the South (France)">League of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_European_Resistance" title="National Council of European Resistance">National Council of European Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Movement" title="National Republican Movement">National Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_France" title="Party of France">Party of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_National" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassemblement National">Rassemblement National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconqu%C3%AAte" title="Reconquête">Reconquête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty,_Identity_and_Freedoms" title="Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms">Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_et_Peuple" title="Terre et Peuple">Terre et Peuple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Patriots_(France)" title="The Patriots (France)">The Patriots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Aliot" title="Louis Aliot">Aliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Antony" title="Bernard Antony">Antony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Ayoub" title="Serge Ayoub">Ayoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bard%C3%A8che" title="Maurice Bardèche">Bardèche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bardella" title="Jordan Bardella">Bardella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bay" title="Nicolas Bay">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvan_Benedetti" title="Yvan Benedetti">Benedetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Binet_(neo-Fascist)" title="René Binet (neo-Fascist)">Binet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bompard" title="Jacques Bompard">Bompard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Bouchet" title="Christian Bouchet">Bouchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bousquet" title="Pierre Bousquet">Bousquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvan_Blot" title="Yvan Blot">Blot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Brigneau" title="François Brigneau">Brigneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeve_Briois" title="Steeve Briois">Briois</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Coston" title="Henry Coston">Coston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Lesquen" title="Henry de Lesquen">de Lesquen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dior" title="Françoise Dior">Dior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duprat" title="François Duprat">Duprat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fredriksen" title="Mark Fredriksen">Fredriksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Gollnisch" title="Bruno Gollnisch">Gollnisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Holeindre" title="Roger Holeindre">Holeindre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Jalkh" title="Jean-François Jalkh">Jalkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Lang" title="Carl Lang">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Gallou" title="Jean-Yves Le Gallou">Le Gallou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Le Pen (Jean-Marie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Le Pen (Marine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Luca" title="Charles Luca">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Mabire" title="Jean Mabire">Maribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Gilles_Malliarakis" title="Jean-Gilles Malliarakis">Malliarakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Marion Maréchal">Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_M%C3%A9gret" title="Bruno Mégret">Mégret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M%C3%A9nard" title="Robert Ménard">Ménard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Messiha" title="Jean Messiha">Messiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florian_Philippot" title="Florian Philippot">Philippot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_de_Poncins" title="Léon de Poncins">de Poncins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pujo" title="Pierre Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rachline" title="David Rachline">Rachline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Ravier" title="Stéphane Ravier">Ravier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Reynouard" title="Vincent Reynouard">Reynouard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Loup_(writer)" title="Saint-Loup (writer)">Saint-Loup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Sidos" title="Pierre Sidos">Sidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Soral" title="Alain Soral">Soral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Stirbois" title="Jean-Pierre Stirbois">Stirbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Susini" title="Jean-Jacques Susini">Susini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Tixier-Vignancour" title="Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour">Tixier-Vignancour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Venner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Vial" title="Pierre Vial">Vial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Zemmour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies and movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Boulangisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulangisme">Boulangisme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Pétainism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active publications and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulevard_Voltaire_(website)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulevard Voltaire (website) (page does not exist)">Boulevard Voltaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments" title="Éléments">Éléments</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minute_(newspaper)" title="Minute (newspaper)">Minute</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National-Hebdo" title="National-Hebdo">National-Hebdo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_%C3%89cole" title="Nouvelle École">Nouvelle École</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sent" title="Présent">Présent</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Courtoisie" title="Radio Courtoisie">Radio Courtoisie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rivarol_(magazine)" title="Rivarol (magazine)">Rivarol</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV-Libert%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="TV-Libertés">TV-Libertés</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_February_1934_crisis" title="6 February 1934 crisis">6 February 1934 crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers_putsch_of_1961" title="Algiers putsch of 1961">Algiers putsch of 1961</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2566436#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2705" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2566436#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2705" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2566436#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122841888">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/111901644">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/66912/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvXmF9xWvdW4JXbYXJxDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118970194">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81008549">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11894995h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11894995h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00464195">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Camus, Renaud"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MILV179797">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35025286">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0015412&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/25227">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068923724">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90222677">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000468494&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/zw9dhw5h0sv5phb">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810576465405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007444738405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05652494?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/799017">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118970194">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026764725">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6h561rr">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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