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<li id="toc-The_Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>The Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sue_one's_livery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sue_one's_livery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sue one's livery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sue_one's_livery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_military_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_military_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historical military usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_military_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livrei" title="Livrei – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Livrei" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lliurea" title="Lliurea – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lliurea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberi" title="Liberi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Liberi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livree" title="Livree – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Livree" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librea" title="Librea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Librea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livreo" title="Livreo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Livreo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livr%C3%A9e_(uniforme)" title="Livrée (uniforme) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Livrée (uniforme)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livreo" title="Livreo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Livreo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livrea_(abbigliamento)" title="Livrea (abbigliamento) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Livrea (abbigliamento)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ливреја – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ливреја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livrei" title="Livrei – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Livrei" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livr%C3%A9" title="Livré – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Livré" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livr%C3%A9" title="Livré – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Livré" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberia_(ubi%C3%B3r)" title="Liberia (ubiór) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liberia (ubiór)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libr%C3%A9" title="Libré – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Libré" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Ливрея – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ливрея" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livree" title="Livree – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Livree" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livr%C3%A9" title="Livré – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Livré" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Ліврея – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліврея" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1298339#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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</div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Livery_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Livery (disambiguation)">Livery (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yeomen_of_the_Guard.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Yeomen_of_the_Guard.JPG/170px-Yeomen_of_the_Guard.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Yeomen_of_the_Guard.JPG/255px-Yeomen_of_the_Guard.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Yeomen_of_the_Guard.JPG/340px-Yeomen_of_the_Guard.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1441" data-file-height="1899" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yeomen_of_the_Guard" title="Yeomen of the Guard">Yeomen of the Guard</a> processing to <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Chapel_at_Windsor_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle">St George's Chapel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor</a> for the annual service of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a> in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>livery</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> is an identifying design, such as a uniform, ornament, symbol or insignia that designates ownership or affiliation, often found on an individual or vehicle. Livery often includes elements of the <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a> relating to the individual or corporate body featured in the livery. Alternatively, some kind of a personal <a href="/wiki/Emblem" title="Emblem">emblem</a> or badge, or a distinctive colour, is featured. </p><p>The word itself derives from the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <i>livrée</i>, meaning <i>dispensed, handed over</i>. Most often it would indicate that the wearer of the livery was a servant, dependant, follower or friend of the owner of the livery, or, in the case of objects, that the object belonged to them. </p><p>In the late medieval phenomenon of <a href="/wiki/Bastard_feudalism" title="Bastard feudalism">bastard feudalism</a>, livery badges worn by the "retainers" of great lords, sometimes in effect private armies, became a great political concern in England.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"In the <i>Black Book</i> of 1483, it was laid down that each person should receive '... for his Livery at night, half a chet loaf, one quart of wine. one gallon of ale; and for Winter livery...one percher wax, one candle wax...'"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Edmund Spenser noted in 1596 that '... the liverye is sayd to be served up all night, that is theyr nyghtes allowances of drinks...'"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early inventories of households, in the chambers there are a large number of "Livery Cupboards" recorded, presumably used for storing the Livery. </p><p>During the 12th century, specific colours denoting a great person began to be used for both his soldiers and his civilian followers (the two often overlapped considerably), and the modern sense of the term began to form. Usually two different colours were used together (and often with a device or badge sewn on), but the ways in which they were combined varied with rank. Often the colours used were different each year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In addition to embroidered badges, metal ones were sewn on to clothing, or hung on neck-chains or (by far the most prestigious) <a href="/wiki/Livery_collar" title="Livery collar">livery collars</a>. From the 16th century onwards, only the lower-status followers tended to receive clothes in livery colours (whilst the higher status ones received cash) and the term "servant", previously much wider, also began to be restricted to describing the same people. Municipalities and corporations copied the behaviour of the great households.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term is also used to describe <a href="/wiki/Heraldic_badge" title="Heraldic badge">badges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buttons" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttons">buttons</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HT&S_livery_buttons_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HT&S_livery_buttons-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and grander pieces of jewellery containing the <a href="/wiki/Heraldic" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraldic">heraldic</a> signs of an individual, which were given by that person to friends, followers and distinguished visitors, as well as (in more modest forms) servants. The grandest of these is the <a href="/wiki/Livery_collar" title="Livery collar">livery collar</a>. <a href="/wiki/William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings" title="William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings">William, Lord Hastings</a> the <a href="/wiki/Favourite" title="Favourite">favourite</a> of King <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV of England</a> had a "Coller of gold of K. Edward's lyverys" valued at the enormous sum of £40 in an inventory of 1489. This would have been similar to the collars worn by Hastings' sister and her husband <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Donne" title="Sir John Donne">Sir John Donne</a> in the <i>Donne Triptych</i> by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Memling" title="Hans Memling">Hans Memling</a> (described in <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Donne" title="Sir John Donne">Sir John Donne</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lords gave their servants lead or <a href="/wiki/Pewter" title="Pewter">pewter</a> badges to sew onto their clothes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 15th century, European royalty sometimes distributed uniform suits of clothes to courtiers, as the House of <a href="/wiki/Fugger" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugger">Fugger</a>, the leading bankers, did to all employees.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auguste_Serrure_A_distraction_from_chores.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Auguste_Serrure_A_distraction_from_chores.jpg/250px-Auguste_Serrure_A_distraction_from_chores.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Auguste_Serrure_A_distraction_from_chores.jpg/330px-Auguste_Serrure_A_distraction_from_chores.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Auguste_Serrure_A_distraction_from_chores.jpg/500px-Auguste_Serrure_A_distraction_from_chores.jpg 2x" data-file-width="803" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Footman c. 1780 in braided livery</figcaption></figure> <p>This practice later contracted to the provision of standardized clothing to male servants, often in a colour-scheme distinctive to a particular family. The term most notably referred to the embroidered <a href="/wiki/Coat_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat (clothing)">coats</a>, waistcoats, knee breeches and stockings in 18th-century style, worn by <a href="/wiki/Footman" title="Footman">footmen</a> on formal occasions in <a href="/wiki/Great_house" title="Great house">grand houses</a>. Plainer clothing in dark colours and without braiding was worn by footmen, chauffeurs and other employees for ordinary duties. For financial reasons, the employment of such servants, and their expensive dress, died out after World War I except in royal households.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="At_European_courts">At European courts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: At European courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most European <a href="/wiki/Court_(royal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court (royal)">royal courts</a> still use their state liveries on formal occasions. These are generally in traditional national colours, and are based on 18th-century clothing with fine <a href="/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)" title="Goldwork (embroidery)">gold embroidery</a>. Only male royal servants normally wear livery. Knee <a href="/wiki/Breeches" title="Breeches">breeches</a> are worn, normally with white silk stockings; one exception being the Spanish court which prescribes red.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the British royal court, scarlet state livery is still worn by <a href="/wiki/Footmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Footmen">footmen</a>, coachmen and other attendants on state occasions. The full-dress scarlet coats are handmade, and embroidered in gold braid with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">royal cypher</a> of the monarch. Gold buttons and other trimmings are of designs and patterns which date from the 18th century, and the full state dress worn by footmen includes scarlet breeches, stockings and a sword. On other formal occasions, a 'semi-state' dress is worn: a scarlet tail coat, black trousers and a white stiff shirt and bow tie. Normal day-to-day dress (as worn by footmen on duty in the palace, except on special occasions) consists of a black tail coat and trousers, white shirt and black tie and a scarlet waistcoat with gold trimming.<sup id="cite_ref-royal-encyclo_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal-encyclo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 313–314">: 313–314 </span></sup> Pages wear similar daily, semi-state and (very occasionally) state liveries, but in dark blue rather than scarlet. The uniform clothing issued to full-time royal staff is tailor-made, but the seldom-worn full-state dress is not <a href="/wiki/Bespoke" title="Bespoke">bespoke</a>; the usual practice is to select individuals whose height fits the existing ceremonial coats held in storage.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pages_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Pages of Honour">Pages of Honour</a> to the king wear scarlet (or, in Scotland, green) frock coats with blue velvet cuffs, edged all round with gold lace, with white breeches and hose, a short sword and other accoutrements.<sup id="cite_ref-archive.org_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive.org-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scarlet is the livery colour of the sovereign and of the royal court. Elizabeth II also had a family livery colour, however, known as 'Edinburgh Green', which she and the Duke of Edinburgh chose in 1948. Five years later, at her coronation, while the Queen's attendants wore scarlet the page in attendance on the Duke wore a green livery edged in silver. Subsequently, Edinburgh Green became the colour used for their private cars and carriages (whereas the official vehicles are painted in a royal livery colour of maroon (or '<a href="/wiki/Claret" class="mw-redirect" title="Claret">claret</a>') and black).<sup id="cite_ref-royal-encyclo_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal-encyclo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 153">: 153 </span></sup> The Queen, the Duchess of Cornwall, the Princess Royal, the Queen of Spain and Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands wore outfits with the shades of Edinburgh Green at a <a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh#Thanksgiving_service" title="Death and funeral of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">thanksgiving service</a> for the duke in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Opening_of_Parliament_2008_I_(3082920424).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coachman and footmen in state livery for the State Opening of Parliament"><img alt="Coachman and footmen in state livery for the State Opening of Parliament" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/State_Opening_of_Parliament_2008_I_%283082920424%29.jpg/330px-State_Opening_of_Parliament_2008_I_%283082920424%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/State_Opening_of_Parliament_2008_I_%283082920424%29.jpg/500px-State_Opening_of_Parliament_2008_I_%283082920424%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/State_Opening_of_Parliament_2008_I_%283082920424%29.jpg/960px-State_Opening_of_Parliament_2008_I_%283082920424%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coachman and footmen in state livery for the State Opening of Parliament</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_carriage.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Coachman and footmen in semi-state livery for the Queen's Birthday Parade"><img alt="Coachman and footmen in semi-state livery for the Queen's Birthday Parade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Royal_carriage.JPG/330px-Royal_carriage.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Royal_carriage.JPG/500px-Royal_carriage.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Royal_carriage.JPG/960px-Royal_carriage.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3844" data-file-height="2563" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coachman and footmen in semi-state livery for the Queen's Birthday Parade</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trooping_the_Colour_2006_-_P1110120_(169159219).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Outriders from the Royal Mews, wearing scarlet livery"><img alt="Outriders from the Royal Mews, wearing scarlet livery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Trooping_the_Colour_2006_-_P1110120_%28169159219%29.jpg/250px-Trooping_the_Colour_2006_-_P1110120_%28169159219%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Trooping_the_Colour_2006_-_P1110120_%28169159219%29.jpg/500px-Trooping_the_Colour_2006_-_P1110120_%28169159219%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Outriders from the Royal Mews, wearing scarlet livery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HRH_Lowther_2005_horse_driving.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Duke of Edinburgh chose green pullovers for his team's uniform during cross-country driving competitions.[15]: 7 "><img alt="Photo of the Duke of Edinburgh and his team in a carriage wearing matching green pullovers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/HRH_Lowther_2005_horse_driving.jpg/250px-HRH_Lowther_2005_horse_driving.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/HRH_Lowther_2005_horse_driving.jpg/500px-HRH_Lowther_2005_horse_driving.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2176" data-file-height="1612" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Duke of Edinburgh chose green pullovers for his team's uniform during <a href="/wiki/Combined_driving" title="Combined driving">cross-country driving competitions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hrh30yrs_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrh30yrs-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 7">: 7 </span></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the Belgian court liveries in traditional colours are still used at state occasions. The coats are red, and have black cuffs with golden lace. Royal cyphers are embroidered on the shoulders. The breeches are of yellow fabric. The semi-state livery worn for less formal occasions has black breeches.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Netherlands">The Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the Dutch court the full state livery is blue (<i>nassaublauw</i>). The breeches are yellow, and cuffs are red. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 112px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1960_Royal_Court_of_Belgium.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belgian court livery c. 1960"><img alt="Belgian court livery c. 1960" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1960_Royal_Court_of_Belgium.jpg/250px-1960_Royal_Court_of_Belgium.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1960_Royal_Court_of_Belgium.jpg/330px-1960_Royal_Court_of_Belgium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="770" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Belgian court livery c. 1960</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gouden_Koets_-_Prinsjesdag_2014_(15236325606).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dutch court state livery"><img alt="Dutch court state livery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gouden_Koets_-_Prinsjesdag_2014_%2815236325606%29.jpg/330px-Gouden_Koets_-_Prinsjesdag_2014_%2815236325606%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gouden_Koets_-_Prinsjesdag_2014_%2815236325606%29.jpg/500px-Gouden_Koets_-_Prinsjesdag_2014_%2815236325606%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gouden_Koets_-_Prinsjesdag_2014_%2815236325606%29.jpg/960px-Gouden_Koets_-_Prinsjesdag_2014_%2815236325606%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4677" data-file-height="3037" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dutch court state livery</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sue_one's_livery"><span id="Sue_one.27s_livery"></span>Sue one's livery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livery&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sue one's livery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Livery_of_seisin#Inquisitions_post_mortem_and_livery_of_seisin" title="Livery of seisin">Livery of seisin § Inquisitions post mortem and livery of seisin</a></div> <p>The phrase "to sue one's livery" refers to the formal recognition of a noble's majority, in exchange of payment, for conferring the powers attached to his title, and thereby freeing him from dependence as a <a href="/wiki/Ward_(law)" title="Ward (law)">ward</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_usage">Modern usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livery&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20150623_K%C3%B6nigliche_Hand_IMG_5570_by_sebaso_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/20150623_K%C3%B6nigliche_Hand_IMG_5570_by_sebaso_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-20150623_K%C3%B6nigliche_Hand_IMG_5570_by_sebaso_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/20150623_K%C3%B6nigliche_Hand_IMG_5570_by_sebaso_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-20150623_K%C3%B6nigliche_Hand_IMG_5570_by_sebaso_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/20150623_K%C3%B6nigliche_Hand_IMG_5570_by_sebaso_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-20150623_K%C3%B6nigliche_Hand_IMG_5570_by_sebaso_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2082" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Royal livery of claret and black, as used on <a href="/wiki/State_and_royal_cars_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="State and royal cars of the United Kingdom">state cars</a> and carriages in the UK</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_Taxi_Ford_Crown_Victoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/NYC_Taxi_Ford_Crown_Victoria.jpg/250px-NYC_Taxi_Ford_Crown_Victoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/NYC_Taxi_Ford_Crown_Victoria.jpg/330px-NYC_Taxi_Ford_Crown_Victoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/NYC_Taxi_Ford_Crown_Victoria.jpg/500px-NYC_Taxi_Ford_Crown_Victoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1912" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Taxicabs_of_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicabs of New York City">taxicab</a> in mandated <a href="/wiki/Yellow_cab" title="Yellow cab">yellow</a> <a href="/wiki/Taxicab_livery" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab livery">taxi cab livery</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercedes_Vito_Estonian_police_with_ambulance.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mercedes_Vito_Estonian_police_with_ambulance.png/250px-Mercedes_Vito_Estonian_police_with_ambulance.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mercedes_Vito_Estonian_police_with_ambulance.png/330px-Mercedes_Vito_Estonian_police_with_ambulance.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mercedes_Vito_Estonian_police_with_ambulance.png/500px-Mercedes_Vito_Estonian_police_with_ambulance.png 2x" data-file-width="911" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ambulance" title="Ambulance">ambulance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Police_and_Border_Guard_Board" title="Police and Border Guard Board">police</a> van in <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, displaying their respective fleet liveries</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Habillage-transilien.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Habillage-transilien.jpg/250px-Habillage-transilien.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Habillage-transilien.jpg/330px-Habillage-transilien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Habillage-transilien.jpg/500px-Habillage-transilien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Transilien" title="Transilien">Transilien</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock" title="Rolling stock">rolling stock</a> livery in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a> by the French agency <a href="/wiki/RCP_Design_Global" title="RCP Design Global">RCP Design Global</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porsche_935-77_Baby_in_the_Porsche-Museum_(2009)_IMG_7412.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Porsche_935-77_Baby_in_the_Porsche-Museum_%282009%29_IMG_7412.jpg/250px-Porsche_935-77_Baby_in_the_Porsche-Museum_%282009%29_IMG_7412.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Porsche_935-77_Baby_in_the_Porsche-Museum_%282009%29_IMG_7412.jpg/330px-Porsche_935-77_Baby_in_the_Porsche-Museum_%282009%29_IMG_7412.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Porsche_935-77_Baby_in_the_Porsche-Museum_%282009%29_IMG_7412.jpg/500px-Porsche_935-77_Baby_in_the_Porsche-Museum_%282009%29_IMG_7412.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4759" data-file-height="2811" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Porsche_935" title="Porsche 935">Porsche 935</a> in iconic <a href="/wiki/Martini_Racing" title="Martini Racing">Martini Racing</a> livery</figcaption></figure> <p>From this core meaning, multiple extended or specialist meanings have derived, mostly related to exterior graphic designs on vehicles. Examples include: </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Livery_company" title="Livery company">livery company</a> is the name used for a <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">guild</a> in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>; members of the company were allowed to dress their servants in the distinctive uniform of their trade, and the company's charters enabled them to prevent others from embarking upon the trades within the company's jurisdiction.</li> <li>A fleet livery is the common design and paint scheme a business or organization uses on its <a href="/wiki/Fleet_vehicle" title="Fleet vehicle">fleet vehicles</a>, often using specific colors and <a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logo</a> placement. For example, the <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">United Parcel Service</a> has trucks with a well-known brown livery. This may sometimes used alongside <a href="/wiki/Wrap_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrap advertising">wrap advertising</a>. Fleet liveries can be used to promote a brand or for unrelated advertising compared to the goods contained in the vehicle. This can enable companies to become iconic as a result of their livery. An example is the truck fleet of <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Stobart_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Eddie Stobart Group">Eddie Stobart Group</a>, which has a deal with <a href="/wiki/Corgi_Toys" title="Corgi Toys">Corgi</a> to sell replicas of their trucks with their unique red, green, and white livery.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Fleet liveries are also used by <a href="/wiki/Emergency_service" title="Emergency service">emergency services</a> to make emergency vehicles visually distinct from civilian traffic, allowing for higher visibility and easy identification. Depending on the policies of the agency and the scope of its jurisdiction, the livery used by an emergency vehicle fleet may be the same or similar across a municipality, region, or entire country; alternatively, they may differ in each municipality or region, under each agency, or even depending on the vehicle's assigned purpose. Examples of markings and designs used in emergency vehicle liveries include <a href="/wiki/Black_and_white_(police_vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black and white (police vehicle)">black and white</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battenburg_markings" title="Battenburg markings">Battenburg markings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sillitoe_tartan" title="Sillitoe tartan">Sillitoe tartan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jam_sandwich_(police_car)" title="Jam sandwich (police car)">"jam sandwich" markings</a>, and reflective <a href="/wiki/Decal" title="Decal">decals</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>A racing livery is the specific paint scheme and sticker design used in <a href="/wiki/Motorsport" title="Motorsport">motorsport</a>, on vehicles, in order to attract sponsorship and to advertise sponsors, as well as to identify vehicles as belonging to a specific racing team.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_livery" title="Aircraft livery">Aircraft livery</a> is also the term describing the paint scheme of an aircraft. Most airlines have a standard paint scheme for their aircraft fleet, usually prominently displaying the airline logo or name. From time to time special liveries are introduced, for example prior to big events.</li> <li>A "livery vehicle" remains a legal <a href="/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon">term of art</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a> and Canada for a <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_for_hire" title="Vehicle for hire">vehicle for hire</a>, such as a <a href="/wiki/Taxi" title="Taxi">taxicab</a> or chauffeured <a href="/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">limousine</a>, but excluding a rented vehicle driven by the renter. In some jurisdictions a "livery vehicle" covers vehicles that carry up to fifteen passengers, but not more, thus including a <a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">jitney</a> but excluding an <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">omnibus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Motorcoach" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorcoach">motorcoach</a>. This usage stems from the <a href="/wiki/Hackney_carriage" title="Hackney carriage">hackney</a> cabs or coaches that could be provided by a <a href="/wiki/Livery_stable" class="mw-redirect" title="Livery stable">livery stable</a>. By extension, there are <a href="/wiki/Boat_livery" title="Boat livery">boat livery</a> companies for the hire of watercraft. Canada has many businesses offering <a href="/wiki/Canoe_livery" title="Canoe livery">canoe livery</a>.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Livery_yard" title="Livery yard">livery stable</a> (from 1705, derived from the obsolete sense of "provender for horses" found in the mid-15th century)<sup id="cite_ref-OEtymD_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEtymD-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> looks after the care, feeding, stabling, etc., of horses for pay.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_military_usage">Historical military usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livery&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Historical military usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "livery" is now rarely applied in a military context, so it would be unusual for it to refer to a <a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">military uniform</a> or the painting design of a military vehicle. The modern military equivalent for "livery" is the term "standard issue", which is used when referring to the colors and regulations required in respect of any military clothing or equipment. </p><p>Early uniforms were however regarded as a form of livery ("the King's coat") during the late 17th and early 18th centuries in the European monarchies.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, officers of the French <a href="/wiki/Garde_du_Corps_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garde du Corps (France)"><i>Garde du Corps</i></a> (the Royal Bodyguard) successfully petitioned to not be required to wear uniforms while on duty within the palace at Versailles, since this livery suggested that they were servants rather than aristocrats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livery&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChinnery" class="citation book cs1">Chinnery, Victor. <i>Oak Furniture: The British Tradition</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oak+Furniture%3A+The+British+Tradition&rft.aulast=Chinnery&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALivery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpenser1596" class="citation book cs1">Spenser, Edmund (1596). <i>View of the State of Ireland</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=View+of+the+State+of+Ireland&rft.date=1596&rft.aulast=Spenser&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALivery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Françoise Piponnier and Perrine Mane; <i>Dress in the Middle Ages</i>; pp. 133–135, Yale UP, 1997; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-06906-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-06906-5">0-300-06906-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O21195/button/">Tin-glazed earthenware livery-button, ca 1651</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria & Albert museum</a> <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum#Jewellery" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">jewellery collection</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HT&S_livery_buttons-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HT&S_livery_buttons_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClose2009" class="citation web cs1">Close, Lesley (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hammond-turner.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29&Itemid=4">"Button gallery: livery"</a>. <i>Hammond Turner & Sons Birmingham button makers</i>. Hammond Turner & Sons<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hammond+Turner+%26+Sons+Birmingham+button+makers&rft.atitle=Button+gallery%3A+livery&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Close&rft.aufirst=Lesley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhammond-turner.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D29%26Itemid%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALivery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Gallery Catalogues: The Fifteenth Century Netherlandish Paintings by Lorne Campbell, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85709-171-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85709-171-X">1-85709-171-X</a> – Hastings' collar p. 389 n. 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jonathan Alexander & Paul Binski (eds), <i>Age of Chivalry, Art in Plantagenet England, 1200–1400</i>, Royal Academy/Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London 1987, Cat 448; see also Steane, John, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LoLlvnRPY_sC&dq=%22Royal+Gold+Cup%22&pg=PA135"><i>The Archaeology of the Medieval English Monarchy</i></a>, Routledge, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-19788-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-19788-5">978-0-415-19788-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Duby" title="Georges Duby">Georges Duby</a> ed., <i>A History of Private Life, Vol 2 Revelations of the Medieval World</i>, 1988 (English translation), p. 578, Belknap Press, Harvard University</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Except at public functions, the last time I saw a footman in livery was in 1921": George Orwell writing in the <i>Tribune</i> of 3 March 1944</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panoramio.com/photo/44560628">"Panoramio - Photo of Acto de presentacion de cartas credenciales en Madrid de los nuevos Embajadores"</a>. <i>Panoramio.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Panoramio.com&rft.atitle=Panoramio+-+Photo+of+Acto+de+presentacion+de+cartas+credenciales+en+Madrid+de+los+nuevos+Embajadores&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.panoramio.com%2Fphoto%2F44560628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALivery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-royal-encyclo-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-royal-encyclo_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-royal-encyclo_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllisonRiddell1991" class="citation book cs1">Allison, Ronald; Riddell, Sarah, eds. (1991). <i>The Royal Encyclopedia</i>. London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0333538102" title="Special:BookSources/0333538102"><bdi>0333538102</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL10550080M">10550080M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Encyclopedia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL10550080M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0333538102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALivery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.permanentstyle.co.uk/2011/01/livery-at-henry-poole.html">"Permanent Style"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Permanent+Style&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.permanentstyle.co.uk%2F2011%2F01%2Flivery-at-henry-poole.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALivery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archive.org-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archive.org_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dressinsigniawor00greauoft#page/8/mode/2up">"Dress and insignia worn at His Majesty's court, issued with the authority of the lord chamberlain"</a>. <i>Archive.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archive.org&rft.atitle=Dress+and+insignia+worn+at+His+Majesty%27s+court%2C+issued+with+the+authority+of+the+lord+chamberlain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fdressinsigniawor00greauoft%23page%2F8%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALivery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/uk-60904990">"As it happened: Queen joins royals for Prince Philip's memorial service"</a>. BBC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=As+it+happened%3A+Queen+joins+royals+for+Prince+Philip%27s+memorial+service&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fuk-60904990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALivery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrh30yrs-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hrh30yrs_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHRH_the_Duke_of_Edinburgh2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">HRH the Duke of Edinburgh</a> (2005). <i>30 Years On and Off the Box Seat</i>. J. A. Allen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0851318983" title="Special:BookSources/0851318983"><bdi>0851318983</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL11598049M">11598049M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=30+Years+On+and+Off+the+Box+Seat&rft.pub=J.+A.+Allen&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL11598049M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0851318983&rft.au=HRH+the+Duke+of+Edinburgh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALivery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090626/http://www.mariaassumptalyceum.be/in_de_kijker/Herfstconcert/9.jpg">"Photo of Belgian court livery"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mariaassumptalyceum.be/in_de_kijker/Herfstconcert/9.jpg">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Photo+of+Belgian+court+livery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mariaassumptalyceum.be%2Fin_de_kijker%2FHerfstconcert%2F9.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALivery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNelson2003" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, Alan H. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WcfiqlOjEKoC&pg=PA71"><i>Monstrous Adversary: The Life of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford</i></a>. Liverpool University Press. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85323-678-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85323-678-8"><bdi>978-0-85323-678-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monstrous+Adversary%3A+The+Life+of+Edward+de+Vere%2C+17th+Earl+of+Oxford&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-85323-678-8&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Alan+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWcfiqlOjEKoC%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALivery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whsmith.co.uk/products/corgi-eddie-stobart-curtainside-truck-ty86646/36913954">CORGI Eddie Stobart Curtainside Truck</a>. Image of die-cast, 1:64 scale model of Stobart including authentic livery.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OEtymD-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OEtymD_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=livery">"livery"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=livery&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dlivery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALivery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMollo1972" class="citation book cs1">Mollo, John (1972). <i>Military Fashion</i>. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-214-65349-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-214-65349-8"><bdi>0-214-65349-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Fashion&rft.pages=30&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-214-65349-8&rft.aulast=Mollo&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALivery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livery&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/livery" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/livery">livery</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Livery_(clothing)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Livery (clothing)">Livery (clothing)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Livery,_1898_(IA_livery189800roge).pdf&page=8">Rogers Peet & Co, Outfitters, <i>Livery</i>, New York, 1898</a> (treatise on clothing styles of various grades of domestic servants)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt 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Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4415325-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Livery"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85077782">United 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