CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e9075b298d981b0',cH: 'BLm_f53TuoqW8dtiww3CITNLWK4gjJNJe8i2AERNXHY-1732693117-1.2.1.1-5vQo0Zytyzb9Do.FY6QL.J1Oz_bnWSKMsP1zdH1IqP7Xg2VPSKwfziwptiKacKEV',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3287560.3287596?__cf_chl_tk=Vu1K8fGef5zQ7Ysjs03nMrtl.zyetl4jEn_oRs9Qz9k-1732693117-1.0.1.1-ir.apm_lBXNg3yqiTWGPARR5vJeEslhg9toX1UcWMWQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732693117',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3287560.3287596?__cf_chl_f_tk=Vu1K8fGef5zQ7Ysjs03nMrtl.zyetl4jEn_oRs9Qz9k-1732693117-1.0.1.1-ir.apm_lBXNg3yqiTWGPARR5vJeEslhg9toX1UcWMWQ",md: "lY7QjV3xdD5hXpNTB51tF63OMNwJcpaLcYLcA0jwEDM-1732693117-1.2.1.1-b5ujn6GM5P6tO_0yhND98Fva1JMhR0OWtbnzoAa_iQOJvL_f1qCuurDIMk5tZ5_HagtKUdsEl5EUjc93bZKC8GDHbMl7NjmaGw44JIYT74l1TRltMoImwSzr7w9yy04E7bWmgYdaAxNK7OyF2pNbb0fbBpc0Hu65Dt94UWBwRCK9MQBhYCh19M7mxRSOF2aPIFupfQfyMMhKzVFYdnOoVOMTlBBCR2gQnOV2_2xvv9Ekpt1pifIqsBVfXorpOH3UHjuRsWDOa9oKLyF9YPu3AHk2xLao_KUUGAemeMcj32_7gc0OLbXRGMtGRiP3bOxeBAqSHAL0RxVV2xnBRm0JErAdP.UC1EXgsB7T.JRYEVwNPxRHhB6eu3FjvoEFPmJzrJSURKiH0SZVtkYHzN1RbtT3VwFlaMlpN5qEG.gWoeGOTt8mQ_YcJD6Jg0O_tFx2VkouByz6QmMaTJpYOKekXV5JPComhIXZNz7mffLGRB84TLo3YQkb0172_vZ40_BJ7070GRKH_YlykOOdqxR644SG9mCvkOl7qkMV0hpdOMw8LtJ3_iOTlJxI5VanTE58dVY8czsiX_ehSsrjgT1f6.5g6vJwUGEYTv3YV48UHofpYjiYCRXafPVgJhhdHDbef7jrlgYl.LmQpaQOGBDBvg1PqGdaWyV3QCoanZeNl2zSuVoxqU7v5Bao88m1D44uq.Tga0ZDsmeCkmtTXPSajdZzlMs12CulqQB1GAmau7KQ2RLs0yQoy5e66UMfchUk3c.jJN430xtFlACw7cwQw2ze_6WkDQ2Dnva2CzCi7fkFJJ0VUTy5u4twEIxipU2HtTpw3Sfr7pOTmWYG3OMiqbK3MUeKFMeXhmEXOkafKwraau4zrrfCJxRtR_WtTZh8jrTCpldXWDe04o8RJG9kBM.JMVNyg7.8PJhd0O2_kEwCP7plQ1hJkYlSkHArDYgJDigTqsF6CAhA8y4EpYMf4egKJrj2KHVdHMKKVm.59CUxZ4Z3DD4yFeW6y4vi.heXnG0PopWcsVk5voiX2VPXt6JrXhUsY_nf7jgCOYplAR3_.bpJyD63_Zqcla_PukZu4JPfWr1z4SNhWElFlbAQGnS7ODdTg7lCqypCGqckfNumaLiVYxZdz1gTCvXBwPtvU55dWKocarA3HswIBbr7L7Mb7OLPxfYNprB13JLbaXexuRc4Fy.ltN_2aNLIPbx9Kc8W8oQztfS3zRHY7IdM_D0IUI_IWMbZUh3CZ1yrdmo_aM_ZHw5r4KauyTBI.s9Q2Kv_eoKi3Yfa2zDf1c5m1Xyjmhg4j9yq5coJ7GczVwWzwBaAf3wUqf74WGVVX.bO85J6C796Sq0R_ZXaem.qiaZkZffzIzmYLT9605mT8YpoUBT2akqIoMkUavpXWuM_OZ87HX4_gKT3WRxwi.mi.skHRaw9k9dYWlZTliRwCTADThW3q4RG7EgkQQKfA4hxDScPZYu.VzG8OwCtvjNHcppZUKvviLCLst4.ihRn8uf7xYPL9XPfbTSUfO9B9XYMw3t1n0wbi9GlxB1ZkoBcXLLDuHrXT0bBp8ZTnS89Q4uFPI1DSV9VTMq_t5eelkAEMz4EbWr2VD5ke6xCLDMZ0qK5K3cRLC6T5Il03pUTPrylWHGd6xCMu9ffIebPnbE85xK_sN93G0pMQsMvRfkC7H8yeyYo32bAqeyOHHwH2ElvXDfWWxTU6bnhwTMmXqyIMrEbosn._DyNQBvkMVaxuIkVueX2j4acxcDYH4lqHUTS2ktzU3tRu2rxPgmcom.Fr.Scuy6Wsf5eTwJXE9QUWoYhJs6L1uJeYQtYmKz7615Z4Eoa7wimjHHYkmYucBZwgPOVii_qv_UDPvX9sz_lxE3vu.jNPlQd6CIovbWa6GQ8FuVvbvtKo169K4AVgEwvw2SnQZsFKx4SQSTLhOY_YukB7ynA.p5OpA2pR.Okz_CVoMuBI1JCMFKaevP7Ci1vyyiT4u1X4kePzgs8BSzwrgnMMAfbirU2WflvYPDopiu1w2i99FEOwuerizP3mRPNauIKNaLhmBZz054VbkVJ93jaUW5.uDsOQJz5_fUNKa22YE4ctjxxDDdFkKZd3rhR_RNKYLN8oDvUZcE5s8dMJ2oytzFEJXKdqER4OtetnetvHaCh1flqER1ej4SXwbmkKHD_4WxlXDRW9bNug3o1mdLxgswNiXW.uIB00.x7XHNbCRxNKoLb1CeSwCgZYZQA27gnqwUH.iQq7OV8o3YiaMhx_za8opc8Sx8tL22NpMsNMj8fQBea6fvhc4MrYyVVvABxivpHentfnn9M81QYSn_CCk5QVX9OC80R.qaYBLonjbTxEGyWvbnDxqLVqGW8tc9bmvcFAD82PnwyLyrENoidsTG_slIeAot3XH5xoybwiwc81Js.3eDz3hXpc.xZHBb.m8LhCl19VMVZ4jJJiek460NjWx2VHfP.f7bi2bepofPpyZCRYuVDHAR1uPkHEP46TQKxu8w_8c3UN3AI978yN.3InBTwekbbedZE0rvZWf2T6ioEJfqIrzEJs1990WWqP7OAHUiTBOZpMOQTEJJUT0q_04MkdbpQoQdHJE2Cln2GL1NlslAS2ko9DagVDUseRRy9JjEJalLQjv9xhLFUFlNsfsDGeiefpHeI7PPuM69HP7Zf13Pdmm7pJspGBgYoIaqsTPNupBuQDJ2AxyFxBve6mEHgxt9VlE1gNtWwDgCuXJA5Tq1mQifA1UlmjoRiqaLRypoUFwoog01KOfXxsvR5PM.lOT8gRYsv_VJkqDQwEoECMbhOa8uIDud8uhwN4XDRjFpTWIDFSv6ymTQIZIBYFpEin67PeC_US6GfH6vT8EwazgUKqUb2Hns.PbwH3kNGnxiJ8A1AFglBIOJHr9KNBQlLzYymmLelh4IeUqPd9bngjZyVaxvsvG6iO0DP2kAxI_QShys7wQ66J2uAqh.sKiuqjD_ghKpsGvOsScfE3sVos2Y5dpPg9dAd",mdrd: "XHrsvRC3o4fe0IpHhmaaZR.ICgn3cKMkUaYIpvx0ba0-1732693117-1.2.1.1-OSz74_9WuZhZMUA1aULDJam6eOW.Y8RSv8aYTraOoe_jDGTQDXg9PWHXZQJkfxr_XUxVeVPafdlP7zEGa9qY0YUN_2OB1I3aqGTBxsc7LGPpWX5VpXkcKjpWhs4urLtpotrLORaeWVgYjpdxj9CQNR.mkDLKYgZ4WWJ_3a6MH_Et46i91Jz68PjyDCCzC7mDFI_5ohcxI4SgP3e4NewCYp16MHW3M3fehhRlxapzzdoC2yeb971pK5DY9Dxm1G2wrc9i1YiWuyL6V1pUXrNsi_qv0tDhBxeUhv1Jo6dvNmmOyeZHCFI0LiUIORLJiJ3eIS2pxs2DX7RdgCoqnfnYe7X0n9_dzskpmtPBUHZCfQzPfC55VQ7Ko1IuJsSGfm06wwpDxYVXH_MyLEE4AdnEjYxS1R4CwPz0qhU1CL2RJ9eJ6VTtDMzWq3cNWqNfvN7QxcrnmrJNq8bPEfLAsnIOS.oq6NWY9w6y6SLADTAr7nT0Ko0SilEW8NtVaIDLCmRwehJaq4LklNWL2V9Lqdr2gwZusRe14aWFKeYGQ7L.iMUriLhnMXeKAafO04yEQLw6OF0FgQ3H5dmlxfisn830g_UjUQhxJ7YiUvPv12K.BFS.P.ai8bvVNy1krJJvdyM5Jp_8RIZGMU4ty7EKQZKH4y7vJFx7x69ausrjwlv21fIYWuC9M487csVOE7OeTnPDeg1p0mQNNStvjYcCTOvDheUvl8T7jWwYiEH9Z0qHdOztvs.UqCznFJahRQj_ajsF5cBzO_G_W9wk2uvAa2K_OgyaZ.7VCvQehOjSJFq2dyz3D.p0xtEjqGL8IKjiIgyCjJMdzlCO_6R0AX_hSuP_3WHMQNoP4qFxCVDmkNOBLX9Q6Ud0zzJd1IWUf5uIn1I06yzUa3NWEIS6yFpBRMbDbLSaAB07NdnQ8plXXiOYyfZENdG4a3Oojs6QBF21mgQhnPfnXaXYFa86F12srNTgHGSD1D7kIZHnPyBLg0Xa.KNQGsPG2TmKUU8nUG_9I.w2vpotSiN5mhTpdV.j2ayVK7BE5QHzj44RgYaJYTI5Hc3b0vYj8wuCOP0BTrGWfUq79_TuNl374m0LUcqXCuUslQicPeUvqtBLXhSybmSqa19ouiOHPWzObF30BUpFR5kGq07UCvzM5dT1EkMmTNaHf.6tDSlD1C91IYC6gjZK1JTN9RgAVNy8Lnd6nPEfRc9kEZT7Bar0rPiF9HYxnvD5dm.2mmw7sfby3Wu1cpfO2HaZVcrHb2SsWIEQCPZvfuOHREdfSlt_h7Bps4O3EwSTihsTYbmohVRZrU7Pmh7J9AEi2ghurgV90gIQ0P8hb2n7eKaOvPwbTNckP7Ictn7tgVWE6NP71iA6WrkC3U_OTXiAa2TUqI4HmganAUcN41I0Dad5OvNZ4yYuse6joEWXtP6Dy35RXZE17jehFYKPTIBVK3EdQQlU6FQ.kwALV8dEbFQ7Sx0ucfRERlSZ4qZBCdlhw5JjO2C2imHNfSY8sgqsfQ64gh98Ee4cZYuFZt5SSLLqj2c.7TbZ.Gpyi51gN4FuTpWJZII4MQn3MYEZILgnwpDvCq2z.ex5SCXV4GrvzBo9mxvBg7gTMIwPuUIe_bgoFOn3YNBOYJon.pFgqvVa5fiMBz2vPz794_3LMXAlW2d3eKg4wp6IIh1Pc3MPD0xKCORvTQZ8Z9pcJaUCi6HHo.ZBKyLWzuZWDr6XNI2GYTxzL1wygZLL8Zm.VEgeMLhYl9LeAB8WUn3sPoTuCEEH73qZX11KBDHAt6ZE7oO3Ysw0QiKuG2.DRssvfe6Tu2s3GjEv0TaWc6LSnlvbqNang79pGtEchq_qimRuyweSRi8VmAWIKMYv85Oh6zhWDP0croR.39sV.95KtgWP.ufegWIP350eqPrvT2TrTeQJ3NeZWoFxQ_Qx1hjXcTeuYIFkK7WQ7F7Ql.zS.esX1iY"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e9075b298d981b0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1145\/3287560.3287596?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Vu1K8fGef5zQ7Ysjs03nMrtl.zyetl4jEn_oRs9Qz9k-1732693117-1.0.1.1-ir.apm_lBXNg3yqiTWGPARR5vJeEslhg9toX1UcWMWQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>