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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geranium_lucidum" title="Geranium lucidum – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geranium lucidum" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geranium_lucidum" title="Geranium lucidum – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Geranium lucidum" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlaq_%D3%99tir%C5%9Fah" title="Parlaq әtirşah – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Parlaq әtirşah" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%89_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Блестящ здравец – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Блестящ здравец" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geranium_lucidum" title="Geranium lucidum – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Geranium lucidum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakost_leskl%C3%BD" title="Kakost lesklý – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kakost lesklý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig-yr-aran_loywddail" title="Pig-yr-aran loywddail – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pig-yr-aran loywddail" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%A4nzender_Storchschnabel" title="Glänzender Storchschnabel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Glänzender Storchschnabel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4ikiv_kurereha" title="Läikiv kurereha – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Läikiv kurereha" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geranium_lucidum" title="Geranium lucidum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Geranium lucidum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="شمعدانی براق – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شمعدانی براق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ranium_luisant" title="Géranium luisant – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Géranium luisant" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crobh_geal" title="Crobh geal – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Crobh geal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%82y%C5%A1%C4%87ata_pyskawa" title="Błyšćata pyskawa – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Błyšćata pyskawa" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="მბწყინავი ნემსიწვერა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მბწყინავი ნემსიწვერა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spo%C5%BE%C4%81_gandrene" title="Spožā gandrene – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spožā gandrene" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizgantysis_snaputis" title="Blizgantysis snaputis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Blizgantysis snaputis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glanzige_ooievaarsbek" title="Glanzige ooievaarsbek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Glanzige ooievaarsbek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geranium_lucidum" title="Geranium lucidum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geranium lucidum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakost_leskl%C3%BD" title="Pakost lesklý – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pakost lesklý" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiiltokurjenpolvi" title="Kiiltokurjenpolvi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiiltokurjenpolvi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glansn%C3%A4va" title="Glansnäva – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Glansnäva" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Журавець блискучий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Журавець блискучий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geranium_lucidum" title="Geranium lucidum – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Geranium lucidum" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geranium_lucidum" title="Geranium lucidum – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Geranium lucidum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q164738#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info"><p><b>This is an <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">old revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:Nikkimaria" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Nikkimaria" data-mw-revid="730075113"><bdi>Nikkimaria</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Nikkimaria" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Nikkimaria">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Nikkimaria" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Nikkimaria">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">15:57, 16 July 2016</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(ce)</span></span>. 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width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Geranium lucidum</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Geranium_lucidum_Sturm6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Geranium_lucidum_Sturm6.jpg/220px-Geranium_lucidum_Sturm6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Geranium_lucidum_Sturm6.jpg/330px-Geranium_lucidum_Sturm6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Geranium_lucidum_Sturm6.jpg/440px-Geranium_lucidum_Sturm6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="1006" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(unranked): </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="(unranked)"><a href="/wiki/Angiosperms" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiosperms">Angiosperms</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(unranked): </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="(unranked)"><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(unranked): </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="(unranked)"><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="order"><a href="/wiki/Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="family"><a href="/wiki/Geraniaceae" title="Geraniaceae">Geraniaceae</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="genus"><i><a href="/wiki/Geranium" title="Geranium">Geranium</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>G. lucidum</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><i>Geranium lucidum</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Geranium_lucidum" class="extiw" title="commons:Geranium lucidum"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Geranium lucidum</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <p><i><b>Geranium lucidum</b></i>, commonly known as <b>shining cranesbill</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or (in North America) <b>shining geranium</b> or <b>shiny geranium</b>, is a herbaceous annual plant of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Geranium" title="Geranium">Geranium</a></i>. It is native to Europe, western Asia and North Africa. It has been introduced to North America as a garden plant and in places, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>, has become naturalised and is viewed as an <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noxious_weed" title="Noxious weed">noxious weed</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> <p>The shining cranesbill is an annual plant with stems up to 35 cm (14 in) long, brittle, fleshy, hairless and often red. Leaves round or kidney-shaped and glossy, palmately-lobed or divided bluntly to about two-thirds of their depth, sometimes with short hairs on the upper surface. Flowers with parts in fives, with sharply keeled <a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">sepals</a> and bright pink, rounded petals, some 10 mm (0.4 in) in diameter, the 8 to 10 mm (0.3 to 0.4 in) petals having long bases and flat blades. These are born in pairs from May to August. The fruits are beaked capsules, ridged and slightly hairy, at least on the edges, and splitting open into five parts. The seeds are smooth. The whole plant has a tendency to turn red.<sup id="cite_ref-Keble_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keble-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harrap_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geranium_lucidum,_Wales.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Geranium_lucidum%2C_Wales.jpg/220px-Geranium_lucidum%2C_Wales.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Geranium_lucidum%2C_Wales.jpg/330px-Geranium_lucidum%2C_Wales.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Geranium_lucidum%2C_Wales.jpg/440px-Geranium_lucidum%2C_Wales.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Shining cranesbill on a wall in Wales</figcaption></figure> <p>The shining cranesbill is native to Europe, Asia as far east as the Himalayas and northern Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-PFAF_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PFAF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This plant is common in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially in the southwest and west, but uncommon in Scotland. It is found at altitudes of up to 610 m (2,000 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Harrap_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been grown as a garden plant in parts of the United States and has become naturalised in the Pacific Northwest.<sup id="cite_ref-PFAF_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PFAF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat">Habitat</h2></div> <p>The shining cranesbill is common on limestone rocks and walls, and in churchyards on roadside verges, banks, gardens and bare ground; it thrives on chalky or sandy soil.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrap_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also common on acid soils and shady banks.<sup id="cite_ref-Keble_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keble-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plant has good dispersal abilities because the seed is explosively thrown out of the capsule, allowing the plant to move up slopes and exploit crevices in tree trunks and recesses in walls that are higher than the parent plant.<sup id="cite_ref-KingCounty_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KingCounty-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invasive_species">Invasive species</h2></div> <p>In parts of the United States including <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington State</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Willamette_Valley" title="Willamette Valley">Willamette Valley</a> in Oregon, shining cranesbill has become naturalised. It was first detected in the US in 1971 and has since been declared a <a href="/wiki/Noxious_weed" title="Noxious weed">noxious weed</a> in Washington and Oregon.<sup id="cite_ref-USDA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2013 survey by USDA reported that it was present in five counties in Washington, thirteen in Oregon and two in California. It was detected in Canada in 1982, on <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, and has been introduced into Australia and New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-USDA_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When naturalised in the Pacific Northwest, it is often seen in association with the related European plant, <a href="/wiki/Geranium_robertianum" title="Geranium robertianum">herb Robert</a> (<i>Geranium robertianum</i>), also classified as a noxious weed. In these areas, shining cranesbill seems to thrive in woodlands and forest glades, where it tends to overwhelm the native plants. State legislation has been enacted making it "prohibited to transport, buy, sell, offer for sale, or to distribute plants or plant parts, seeds in packets, blends or "wildflower mixes" of this species, into or within the state of Washington".<sup id="cite_ref-KingCounty_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KingCounty-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hackney, P. (Ed) 1992. <i>Stewart and Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland</i>. Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast ISBN 0-85389-446-9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keble-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keble_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keble_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Martin,_W._Keble" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin, W. Keble">Martin, W. Keble</a> 1965. <i>The Concise British Flora in Colour</i> Ebury Press and Michael Joseph</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parnell, J. and Curtis. 2012. <i>Webb's An Irish Flora.</i> Cork University Press. ISBN 978-1-85918-478-3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrap-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harrap_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrap_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrap_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarrap,_Simon2014" class="citation book cs1">Harrap, Simon (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=rwRpBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104"><i>Harrap's Wild Flowers</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-8987-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-8987-0"><bdi>978-1-4081-8987-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harrap%27s+Wild+Flowers&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4081-8987-0&rft.au=Harrap%2C+Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrwRpBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeranium+lucidum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PFAF-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PFAF_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PFAF_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Geranium+lucidum">"<i>Geranium lucidum</i> – L."</a> Plants for a Future<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geranium+lucidum+%E2%80%93+L.&rft.pub=Plants+for+a+Future&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pfaf.org%2Fuser%2FPlant.aspx%3FLatinName%3DGeranium%2Blucidum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeranium+lucidum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clapham, A.R.; Tutin, T.G.; Warburg, E.F. 1968. <i>Excursion Flora of the British Isles (Second Edition)</i> Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-04656-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KingCounty-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KingCounty_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KingCounty_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/animals-and-plants/noxious-weeds/weed-identification/shiny-geranium.aspx">"Shiny geranium"</a>. <i>Noxious Weeds</i>. King County, Washington<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Noxious+Weeds&rft.atitle=Shiny+geranium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingcounty.gov%2Fenvironment%2Fanimals-and-plants%2Fnoxious-weeds%2Fweed-identification%2Fshiny-geranium.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeranium+lucidum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USDA-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USDA_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USDA_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnimal_and_Plant_Health_Inspection_Service2013" class="citation web cs1">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (11 June 2013). "Weed Risk Assessment for <i>Geranium lucidum</i> L. (Geraniaceae) – Shining cranesbill". USDA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weed+Risk+Assessment+for+Geranium+lucidum+L.+%28Geraniaceae%29+%E2%80%93+Shining+cranesbill&rft.pub=USDA&rft.date=2013-06-11&rft.au=Animal+and+Plant+Health+Inspection+Service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeranium+lucidum" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geranium_lucidum&oldid=730075113">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geranium_lucidum&oldid=730075113</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geranium" title="Category:Geranium">Geranium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Flora of the United Kingdom">Flora of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plants_described_in_1753" title="Category:Plants described in 1753">Plants described in 1753</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_requires_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: requires URL">CS1 errors: requires URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_access-date_without_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: access-date without URL">CS1 errors: access-date without URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxobox_articles_missing_a_taxonbar" title="Category:Taxobox articles missing a taxonbar">Taxobox articles missing a taxonbar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link is on Wikidata">Commons link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 July 2016, at 15:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. 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