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Trump’s trade chief pick, a Lighthizer protégé, set to push hard line, tariffs on China | South China Morning Post
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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/economy","name":"Economy"},"position":1},{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy","name":"Global Economy"},"position":2}]}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3288351/trumps-trade-chief-pick-lighthizer-protege-set-push-hard-line-tariffs-china","@type":"WebPage"}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":["NewsArticle","ReportageNewsArticle"],"alternativeHeadline":"Key architect of US-China trade war set to push hard line in Trump’s cabinet","articleBody":"Jamieson Greer’s nomination as the next US trade representative, having been described by president-elect Donald Trump as a key figure in the first trade war with China, is expected to lead to a hard line taken in trade relations between the world’s two largest economies.\nThe protégé of Robert Lighthizer, a protectionist who served as trade representative during Trump’s first term, would focus on “reining in the country’s massive trade deficit”, said Trump on Tuesday as he vowed harsh policies on China.\nInternational trade lawyer Greer, who was chief of staff to Lighthizer, will assume the role pending Senate confirmation as the new administration is anticipated to seek aggressive tariff increases.\n“As a mentee of Lighthizer, Greer’s stance might be similar,” said Xu Tianchen, a senior China economist with The Economist Intelligence Unit.\n“Don’t expect him to be kinder than Lighthizer – he will continue to take a hard line on China and actively push for tariffs.”\nTrade ties between the US and China would be on a tighter rope with Greer’s appointment, said He Weiwen, a senior fellow with the Centre for China and Globalisation, a Beijing-based think tank.\n\n\nHe stressed that the potential revoking of China’s permanent normal trade relations status could be the biggest blow to relations following a recommendation earlier this month by the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission.\nOn Monday, Trump vowed to impose tariffs of 25 per cent on imports from Mexico and Canada, as well as additional duties of 10 per cent on Chinese goods, unless the counties halted flows of fentanyl and illegal migrants into the US.\nThe threat came on top of Trump’s pledge to impose tariffs of 60 per cent on Chinese imports and between 10 and 20 per cent on all other imports.\nGreer, a partner at the King & Spalding law firm in Washington, “played a key role” during Trump’s first term in imposing tariffs on China and other nations to “combat unfair trade practices”, according to Trump.\n“Greer appears to be a hardline protectionist like his mentor Lighthizer and is on board with Trump’s proposed tariffs as a means of narrowing the trade deficit and bringing jobs back to the US,” said Joe Mazur, a senior analyst at research consultancy firm Trivium China.\n“He was also involved with the negotiations over the phase-one trade deal and will presumably be familiar with his Chinese interlocutors.”\nGreer will take over from Katherine Tai, a China expert who has expressed scepticism about the efficacy of Trump’s trade war tactics but continued many of the policies under the Biden administration, while also seeking to strengthen US alliances to confront China.\nTrump used tariffs in his first term, so it should come as no surprise that he is again considering them as a tool\nMichael Hart, American Chamber of Commerce in China\nTai’s approach is also seen to underscore a commitment to addressing long-standing concerns, such as China’s intellectual property theft, forced technology transfers and market access barriers.\nExpectations for tariff increases are rising among American businesses, but many doubt they would benefit the US.\n“Trump used tariffs in his first term, so it should come as no surprise that he is again considering them as a tool,” said Michael Hart, president of the American Chamber of Commerce (AmCham) in China.\n“Many of our companies will be scenario planning accordingly.”\nNoting that members were generally not in favour of tariffs, he added, “Trump is also known as a negotiator, so it is also no surprise that he is stating targets for specific countries.”\n“In some specific cases, tariffs may be helpful as remedies and he has stated why he has proposed them, which gives more clarity to his logic.”\n\n\nFor European companies operating in China, they are concerned about heightened US-China tensions and spillover effects, particularly in relation to the potential imposition of tariffs on goods exported from China to the US and export controls on strategic goods.\n“European businesses operating in China increasingly find themselves caught between a rock and a hard place due to China’s increased focus on national security and an increase in geopolitical tensions,” said Adam Dunnett, secretary general of the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China.\n“They are also now facing a patchwork of legal and compliance obligations from different markets, which undermines the efficiency of global supply chains.”\nWith an aim of re-industrialisation, Trump and his supporters have argued that China is accountable for the decline of American manufacturing and vowed to reduce the US trade deficit with China.\nDuring Lighthizer’s tenure, tariffs were imposed as a tool to force China into negotiations, which led to a phase-one trade deal in January 2020 that saw some commitments from China to purchase American goods.\nCritical of China’s state-led economic model, Lighthizer had emphasised the importance of a tough and unilateral approach to compel China to comply with international trade rules.\nAs with the first time around, I doubt if we’ll see a ‘phase two’ trade deal beneficial to American companies, workers, growers, and consumers\nJames Zimmerman, Beijing-based lawyer\nAnd with the nomination of his protégé Greer, “expect the same playbook – all tactics, no strategy,” according to long-time Beijing-based lawyer James Zimmerman, who is also a former chairman of AmCham China.\n“As with the first time around, I doubt if we’ll see a ‘phase two’ trade deal beneficial to American companies, workers, growers and consumers,” he added.\n“What American companies need is true market access and a level playing field, and that takes thoughtful and methodical negotiations, and not hollow threats of tariffs and sanctions. And that applies equally to all our trading partners – the EU, Canada, Mexico, China, and so on.”\nChina, which has been facing rising trade barriers imposed by various countries including the US, is the most frequently subjected to trade remedy investigations, according to a report earlier this week from Shanghai-based legal-business oriented social networking service Intelligeast.\nSince the establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995, 7,843 trade remedy investigations have been initiated worldwide, with 2,494 launched against China, accounting for 31.8 per cent of the total.\n","articleSection":"Global Economy","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Mandy Zuo","sameAs":"https://www.scmp.com/author/mandy-zuo"},"dateCreated":"2024-11-27T16:36:49+08:00","dateModified":"2024-11-27T17:14:44+08:00","datePublished":"2024-11-27T16:36:54+08:00","description":"Jamieson Greer’s nomination as the next US trade representative, having been described by president-elect Donald Trump as a key figure in the first trade war with China, is expected to lead to a hard line taken in trade relations between the world’s two largest economies.","genre":"Economy","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","cssSelector":".piano-metering__paywall-container","isAccessibleForFree":"False"},"headline":"Trump’s trade chief pick, a Lighthizer protégé, set to push hard line, tariffs on 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data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China trade</a></div><div class=" er6t7fe20 css-1xdhyk6 e1047c925" data-qa="ArticleSections-SectionContainer"><a target="_self" class="e1047c923 css-1b6i0hn e1llv60l0" href="/economy?module=breadcrumb&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span>Economy</span><span data-qa="ArticleSections-render-SectionTagsSpacer" class="css-176a798 e1047c920"></span></a><a target="_self" class="e1047c923 css-1b6i0hn e1llv60l0" href="/economy/global-economy?module=breadcrumb&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span>Global Economy</span></a></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Headline" class="css-hdf8vf ea45u6l21"><h1 class="er6t7fe5 css-1u8qly9 e298i0d3" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">Trump’s trade chief pick, a Lighthizer protégé, set to push hard line, tariffs on China</span></h1></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-SubHeadline" 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data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">Jamieson Greer’s nomination as the next US trade representative, having been described by president-elect Donald Trump as a key figure in the first trade war with China, is expected to lead to a hard line taken in trade relations between the world’s two largest economies.</p><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-y2bwcc e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">The protégé of Robert Lighthizer, a protectionist who <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3114288/keep-tariffs-china-and-hold-their-feet-fire-says-us-trade?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">served as trade representative during Trump’s first term,</span></a> would focus on “reining in the country’s massive trade deficit”, said Trump on Tuesday as he vowed harsh policies on China.</div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">International trade lawyer Greer, who was chief of staff to Lighthizer, <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3288276/trump-picks-jamieson-greer-us-trade-representative?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">will assume the role</span></a> pending Senate confirmation as the new administration is anticipated to seek aggressive tariff increases.</div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">“As a mentee of Lighthizer, Greer’s stance might be similar,” said Xu Tianchen, a senior China economist with The Economist Intelligence Unit.</p><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">“Don’t expect him to be kinder than Lighthizer – he will continue to take a hard line on China and actively push for tariffs.”</p><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-gy323d e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><div class="js-reading-20-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">Trade ties between the US and China would be on a tighter rope with Greer’s appointment, said He Weiwen, a senior fellow with the Centre for China and Globalisation, a Beijing-based think tank.</p></section></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PaywallContainer" class="css-1kfpym9 ea45u6l1"><div class="er6t7fe22 piano-metering__paywall-container css-1e938sv e1x97qwg1" data-qa="ArticlePaywallContainer-Container"><div data-qa="ArticlePaywallContainer-LoadingContainer" class="css-hu4lls e1x97qwg2"><div class="css-1px2vm1 e1hb2u5e0" data-qa="Loading-CenteredContainer"><img aria-label="loading" data-qa="BaseImage-handleRenderImage-StyledImage" loading="eager" src="https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/_next/static/media/wheel-on-gray.af4a55f9.gif" class="css-o105sx e445x7d0"/></div></div><div class="article-view__piano-metering css-16o2qwc e1x97qwg0" 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...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: 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style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_4isNar\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ...contentUpdatedDateContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentPublishedDateContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksSeriesArticleSectionTagArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ...atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4\n ...atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Article {\n entityId\n publishedDate\n headline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n copyrighted\n entityUuid\n socialHeadline\n sponsor\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationsSection on Section {\n ...notificationSection\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment imageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent\n}\n\nfragment infographicArticleArticle on Article {\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...landingBannerInfographicArticle\n}\n\nfragment inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment issuesNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n }\n ...issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment itemLiveArticleContentArticle on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment landingBannerInfographicArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n headline\n topics {\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n title\n url\n }\n coverHero: image(filter: {type: HERO}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment liveArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n flag\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n ...contentLiveArticleArticle\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...newsletterWidgetLiveArticleArticle\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n}\n\nfragment liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n liveArticle(filter: {entityUuid: $entityUuid}) {\n customTimezone\n liveContents {\n entityId\n publishedDate\n title\n body {\n text\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...entityLink\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S\n}\n\nfragment morningStudioArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...headerMorningStudioArticle\n}\n\nfragment morningStudioArticleFooterContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityUuid\n topics {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment newsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n ...contentNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...headerNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment newsletterWidgetLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment notificationSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment photoGalleryDialogContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment photoGalleryWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...photoGalleryDialogContent\n}\n\nfragment pianoIntegrationArticle on Article {\n __typename\n contentLock\n createdDate\n entityId\n entityUuid\n headline\n publishedDate\n sponsor\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n ...helpersIsArchiveWallArticle\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...useShareContentUnlockedArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleAuthorBlockArticle on Article {\n ...articleDateContent\n ...authorNamesArticle\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleTitleArticle on Article {\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...articleTitleArticle\n ...plusArticleTypeTitleContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleTypeTitleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n areaOfExpertise\n}\n\nfragment plusColumnsArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articleTitleArticle\n ...blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment plusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n ...blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent\n ...factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent\n ...plusArticleTitleArticle\n}\n\nfragment popupArticle20ShareMenuContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment postMagazineArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...genericArticleContent\n}\n\nfragment scmpYoutubeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment seriesArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...seriesPrimaryContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...seriesBannerContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment seriesBannerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksSeriesArticleSectionTagArticle\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment seriesPrimaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe\n}\n\nfragment shareArticle20Content on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...popupArticle20ShareMenuContent\n}\n\nfragment sponsorTagSponsor on Sponsor {\n name\n type\n images {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment styleArticleAuthorBlockArticle on Article {\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n sponsor {\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n authors {\n ...authorNameAuthor\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment styleArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleMoreOnThisListStyleArticle\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...styleArticleAuthorBlockArticle\n}\n\nfragment 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}\n}\n\nfragment articleLinkingDataContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleListArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...articleDividerArticle\n ...articleFooterArticle\n ...articlePaginationCheckerArticle\n ...articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4\n ...articleRecommendationArticle\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n ...articleRenderArticle_3o8td4\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent\n ...contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreOnThisListArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n images {\n url\n style(filter: {style: \"237x147\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreOnThisListStyleArticle on Article {\n styleMoreOnThisArticles: moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n ...magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n entityId\n ...articleMoreStoriesItemArticle\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesItemArticle on Article {\n ...entityLink\n headline\n socialHeadline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n url\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationCheckerArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallContainerArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle on Article {\n printHeadline\n}\n\nfragment articleReactionArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sections {\n value {\n name\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleReadingTimeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n readingTime\n}\n\nfragment articleRecommendationArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleRenderArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleActionWidgetArticle\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticleContent\n ...articleAuthorBlockArticle\n ...articleAuthorDetailsContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleBeforeYouGoTopicsContent\n ...articleBeforeYouGoWidget\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleCorrectionsWidgetArticle\n ...articleDateContent\n ...articleFurtherReadingWidgetArticle\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleLeadingArticle\n ...articleMoreOnThisListArticle\n ...articlePaywallContainerArticle\n ...articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle\n ...articleReactionArticle\n ...articleReadingTimeContent\n ...articleSectionsContent\n ...articleSeriesArticle\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleTopicContent\n ...articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle\n ...articleTopicsContent\n ...articleTopicWidgetArticle\n ...articleVocabBoxArticle\n ...authorAvatarsArticle\n ...authorNamesArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentLiveTagContent\n ...contentReadMoreButtonContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentSubHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...genericArticleContent\n ...postMagazineArticleContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4\n ...infographicArticleArticle\n ...liveArticleArticle\n ...morningStudioArticleContent\n ...newsletterArticleArticle\n ...pianoIntegrationArticle\n ...plusColumnsArticleContent\n ...plusGenericArticleContent\n ...seriesArticleArticle\n ...styleArticleContent\n ...contentActionBarContent\n}\n\nfragment articleSchemaContent_mN6kk on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n authorLocations\n contentLock\n createdDate\n headline\n publishedDate\n socialHeadline\n sponsorType\n updatedDate\n urlAlias\n authors {\n location\n name\n types\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n text\n }\n corrections {\n correction {\n text\n }\n timestamp\n }\n images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment 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president-elect Donald Trump has nominated international trade lawyer Jamieson Greer as the next US trade representative.\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"US president-elect Donald Trump has nominated international trade lawyer Jamieson Greer as the next US trade representative."}]}]},"subHeadline":{"text":"US president-elect Donald Trump has nominated international trade lawyer Jamieson Greer as the next US trade representative\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"US president-elect Donald Trump has nominated international trade lawyer Jamieson Greer as the next US trade representative"}]}]},"body":{"text":"Jamieson Greer’s nomination as the next US trade representative, having been described by president-elect Donald Trump as a key figure in the first trade war with China, is expected to lead to a hard line taken in trade relations between the world’s two largest economies.\nThe protégé of Robert Lighthizer, a protectionist who served as trade representative during Trump’s first term, would focus on “reining in the country’s massive trade deficit”, said Trump on Tuesday as he vowed harsh policies on China.\nInternational trade lawyer Greer, who was chief of staff to Lighthizer, will assume the role pending Senate confirmation as the new administration is anticipated to seek aggressive tariff increases.\n“As a mentee of Lighthizer, Greer’s stance might be similar,” said Xu Tianchen, a senior China economist with The Economist Intelligence Unit.\n“Don’t expect him to be kinder than Lighthizer – he will continue to take a hard line on China and actively push for tariffs.”\nTrade ties between the US and China would be on a tighter rope with Greer’s appointment, said He Weiwen, a senior fellow with the Centre for China and Globalisation, a Beijing-based think tank.\n\n\nHe stressed that the potential revoking of China’s permanent normal trade relations status could be the biggest blow to relations following a recommendation earlier this month by the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission.\nOn Monday, Trump vowed to impose tariffs of 25 per cent on imports from Mexico and Canada, as well as additional duties of 10 per cent on Chinese goods, unless the counties halted flows of fentanyl and illegal migrants into the US.\nThe threat came on top of Trump’s pledge to impose tariffs of 60 per cent on Chinese imports and between 10 and 20 per cent on all other imports.\nGreer, a partner at the King \u0026 Spalding law firm in Washington, “played a key role” during Trump’s first term in imposing tariffs on China and other nations to “combat unfair trade practices”, according to Trump.\n“Greer appears to be a hardline protectionist like his mentor Lighthizer and is on board with Trump’s proposed tariffs as a means of narrowing the trade deficit and bringing jobs back to the US,” said Joe Mazur, a senior analyst at research consultancy firm Trivium China.\n“He was also involved with the negotiations over the phase-one trade deal and will presumably be familiar with his Chinese interlocutors.”\nGreer will take over from Katherine Tai, a China expert who has expressed scepticism about the efficacy of Trump’s trade war tactics but continued many of the policies under the Biden administration, while also seeking to strengthen US alliances to confront China.\nTrump used tariffs in his first term, so it should come as no surprise that he is again considering them as a tool\nMichael Hart, American Chamber of Commerce in China\nTai’s approach is also seen to underscore a commitment to addressing long-standing concerns, such as China’s intellectual property theft, forced technology transfers and market access barriers.\nExpectations for tariff increases are rising among American businesses, but many doubt they would benefit the US.\n“Trump used tariffs in his first term, so it should come as no surprise that he is again considering them as a tool,” said Michael Hart, president of the American Chamber of Commerce (AmCham) in China.\n“Many of our companies will be scenario planning accordingly.”\nNoting that members were generally not in favour of tariffs, he added, “Trump is also known as a negotiator, so it is also no surprise that he is stating targets for specific countries.”\n“In some specific cases, tariffs may be helpful as remedies and he has stated why he has proposed them, which gives more clarity to his logic.”\n\n\nFor European companies operating in China, they are concerned about heightened US-China tensions and spillover effects, particularly in relation to the potential imposition of tariffs on goods exported from China to the US and export controls on strategic goods.\n“European businesses operating in China increasingly find themselves caught between a rock and a hard place due to China’s increased focus on national security and an increase in geopolitical tensions,” said Adam Dunnett, secretary general of the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China.\n“They are also now facing a patchwork of legal and compliance obligations from different markets, which undermines the efficiency of global supply chains.”\nWith an aim of re-industrialisation, Trump and his supporters have argued that China is accountable for the decline of American manufacturing and vowed to reduce the US trade deficit with China.\nDuring Lighthizer’s tenure, tariffs were imposed as a tool to force China into negotiations, which led to a phase-one trade deal in January 2020 that saw some commitments from China to purchase American goods.\nCritical of China’s state-led economic model, Lighthizer had emphasised the importance of a tough and unilateral approach to compel China to comply with international trade rules.\nAs with the first time around, I doubt if we’ll see a ‘phase two’ trade deal beneficial to American companies, workers, growers, and consumers\nJames Zimmerman, Beijing-based lawyer\nAnd with the nomination of his protégé Greer, “expect the same playbook – all tactics, no strategy,” according to long-time Beijing-based lawyer James Zimmerman, who is also a former chairman of AmCham China.\n“As with the first time around, I doubt if we’ll see a ‘phase two’ trade deal beneficial to American companies, workers, growers and consumers,” he added.\n“What American companies need is true market access and a level playing field, and that takes thoughtful and methodical negotiations, and not hollow threats of tariffs and sanctions. And that applies equally to all our trading partners – the EU, Canada, Mexico, China, and so on.”\nChina, which has been facing rising trade barriers imposed by various countries including the US, is the most frequently subjected to trade remedy investigations, according to a report earlier this week from Shanghai-based legal-business oriented social networking service Intelligeast.\nSince the establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995, 7,843 trade remedy investigations have been initiated worldwide, with 2,494 launched against China, accounting for 31.8 per cent of the total.\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Jamieson Greer’s nomination as the next US trade representative, having been described by president-elect Donald Trump as a key figure in the first trade war with China, is expected to lead to a hard line taken in trade relations between the world’s two largest economies."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The protégé of Robert Lighthizer, a protectionist who "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3114288/keep-tariffs-china-and-hold-their-feet-fire-says-us-trade","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"68437016-4014-11eb-be63-b2d34bb06b66","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"served as trade representative during Trump’s first term,"}]},{"type":"text","data":" would focus on “reining in the country’s massive trade deficit”, said Trump on Tuesday as he vowed harsh policies on China."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"International trade lawyer Greer, who was chief of staff to Lighthizer, "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3288276/trump-picks-jamieson-greer-us-trade-representative","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"eea4811e-8b22-4298-9c9c-841ce8f8d649","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"will assume the role"}]},{"type":"text","data":" pending Senate confirmation as the new administration is anticipated to seek aggressive tariff increases."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“As a mentee of Lighthizer, Greer’s stance might be similar,” said Xu Tianchen, a senior China economist with The Economist Intelligence Unit."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Don’t expect him to be kinder than Lighthizer – he will continue to take a hard line on China and actively push for tariffs.”"}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Trade ties between the US and China would be on a tighter rope with Greer’s appointment, said He Weiwen, a senior fellow with the Centre for China and Globalisation, a Beijing-based think tank."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-code-block methode-html-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"src":"https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/113552350882072401/embed","class":"truthsocial-embed","style":"max-width: 100%; border: 0","width":"600","allowfullscreen":"allowfullscreen"},"children":[]},{"type":"script","attribs":{"src":"https://truthsocial.com/embed.js","async":"async"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"He stressed that the potential "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3287125/us-advisory-panel-china-backs-repeal-preferential-trade-status","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"b7d0836e-49eb-4ffb-99a8-ea08efff45a5","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"revoking of China’s permanent normal trade relations status"}]},{"type":"text","data":" could be the biggest blow to relations following a recommendation earlier this month by the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"On Monday, Trump vowed to impose tariffs of 25 per cent on imports from Mexico and Canada, "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/article/3288229/trumps-tariff-surprise-slams-chinas-exporters-de-escalation-even-option?module=top_story\u0026pgtype=section","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"1b85d3ac-eb11-446c-ad37-6192d74fbb75","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"as well as additional duties of 10 per cent on Chinese goods,"}]},{"type":"text","data":" unless the counties halted flows of fentanyl and illegal migrants into the US."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The threat came on top of Trump’s pledge to impose tariffs of 60 per cent on Chinese imports and between 10 and 20 per cent on all other imports."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Greer, a partner at the King \u0026 Spalding law firm in Washington, “played a key role” during Trump’s first term in imposing tariffs on China and other nations to “combat unfair trade practices”, according to 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China expert who has expressed scepticism about the efficacy of Trump’s trade war tactics but continued many of the policies under the Biden administration, while also seeking to strengthen US alliances to confront China."}]},{"type":"blockquote-quote","attribs":{"class":"blockquote"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Trump used tariffs in his first term, so it should come as no surprise that he is again considering them as a tool"},{"type":"text","data":"Michael Hart, American Chamber of Commerce in China"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Tai’s approach is also seen to underscore a commitment to addressing long-standing concerns, such as China’s intellectual property theft, forced technology transfers and market access barriers."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Expectations for tariff increases are rising among American businesses, but many doubt they would benefit the US."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Trump used tariffs in his first term, so it should come as no surprise that he is again considering them as a tool,” said Michael Hart, president of the American Chamber of Commerce (AmCham) in China."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Many of our companies will be scenario planning accordingly.”"}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6","infiniteAdsAfterNumber":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Noting that members were generally not in favour of tariffs, he added, “Trump is also known as a negotiator, so it is also no surprise that he is stating targets for specific countries.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“In some specific cases, tariffs may be helpful as remedies and he has stated why he has proposed them, which gives more clarity to his logic.”"}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper 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caught between a rock and a hard place due to China’s increased focus on national security and an increase in geopolitical tensions,” said Adam Dunnett, secretary general of the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“They are also now facing a patchwork of legal and compliance obligations from different markets, which undermines the efficiency of global supply chains.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"With an aim of re-industrialisation, Trump and his supporters have argued that China is accountable for the decline of American manufacturing and vowed to reduce the US trade deficit with China."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"During Lighthizer’s tenure, tariffs were imposed as a tool to force China into negotiations, which led to a "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3168399/us-china-trade-war-was-phase-one-trade-deal-historic-failure","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"f4d10d45-490c-4a55-97b5-a42309fc7342","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"phase-one trade deal in January 2020"}]},{"type":"text","data":" that saw some commitments from China to purchase American goods."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Critical of China’s state-led economic model, Lighthizer had emphasised the importance of a tough and unilateral approach to compel China to comply with international trade rules."}]},{"type":"blockquote-quote","attribs":{"class":"blockquote"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"As with the first time around, I doubt if we’ll see a ‘phase two’ trade deal beneficial to American companies, workers, growers, and consumers"},{"type":"text","data":"James Zimmerman, Beijing-based 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president-elect Donald Trump has nominated international trade lawyer Jamieson Greer as the next US trade representative.\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"US president-elect Donald Trump has nominated international trade lawyer Jamieson Greer as the next US trade representative."}]}]},"subHeadline":{"text":"US president-elect Donald Trump has nominated international trade lawyer Jamieson Greer as the next US trade representative\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"US president-elect Donald Trump has nominated international trade lawyer Jamieson Greer as the next US trade representative"}]}]},"body":{"text":"Jamieson Greer’s nomination as the next US trade representative, having been described by president-elect Donald Trump as a key figure in the first trade war with China, is expected to lead to a hard line taken in trade relations between the world’s two largest economies.\nThe protégé of Robert Lighthizer, a protectionist who served as trade representative during Trump’s first term, would focus on “reining in the country’s massive trade deficit”, said Trump on Tuesday as he vowed harsh policies on China.\nInternational trade lawyer Greer, who was chief of staff to Lighthizer, will assume the role pending Senate confirmation as the new administration is anticipated to seek aggressive tariff increases.\n“As a mentee of Lighthizer, Greer’s stance might be similar,” said Xu Tianchen, a senior China economist with The Economist Intelligence Unit.\n“Don’t expect him to be kinder than Lighthizer – he will continue to take a hard line on China and actively push for tariffs.”\nTrade ties between the US and China would be on a tighter rope with Greer’s appointment, said He Weiwen, a senior fellow with the Centre for China and Globalisation, a Beijing-based think tank.\n\n\nHe stressed that the potential revoking of China’s permanent normal trade relations status could be the biggest blow to relations following a recommendation earlier this month by the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission.\nOn Monday, Trump vowed to impose tariffs of 25 per cent on imports from Mexico and Canada, as well as additional duties of 10 per cent on Chinese goods, unless the counties halted flows of fentanyl and illegal migrants into the US.\nThe threat came on top of Trump’s pledge to impose tariffs of 60 per cent on Chinese imports and between 10 and 20 per cent on all other imports.\nGreer, a partner at the King \u0026 Spalding law firm in Washington, “played a key role” during Trump’s first term in imposing tariffs on China and other nations to “combat unfair trade practices”, according to Trump.\n“Greer appears to be a hardline protectionist like his mentor Lighthizer and is on board with Trump’s proposed tariffs as a means of narrowing the trade deficit and bringing jobs back to the US,” said Joe Mazur, a senior analyst at research consultancy firm Trivium China.\n“He was also involved with the negotiations over the phase-one trade deal and will presumably be familiar with his Chinese interlocutors.”\nGreer will take over from Katherine Tai, a China expert who has expressed scepticism about the efficacy of Trump’s trade war tactics but continued many of the policies under the Biden administration, while also seeking to strengthen US alliances to confront China.\nTrump used tariffs in his first term, so it should come as no surprise that he is again considering them as a tool\nMichael Hart, American Chamber of Commerce in China\nTai’s approach is also seen to underscore a commitment to addressing long-standing concerns, such as China’s intellectual property theft, forced technology transfers and market access barriers.\nExpectations for tariff increases are rising among American businesses, but many doubt they would benefit the US.\n“Trump used tariffs in his first term, so it should come as no surprise that he is again considering them as a tool,” said Michael Hart, president of the American Chamber of Commerce (AmCham) in China.\n“Many of our companies will be scenario planning accordingly.”\nNoting that members were generally not in favour of tariffs, he added, “Trump is also known as a negotiator, so it is also no surprise that he is stating targets for specific countries.”\n“In some specific cases, tariffs may be helpful as remedies and he has stated why he has proposed them, which gives more clarity to his logic.”\n\n\nFor European companies operating in China, they are concerned about heightened US-China tensions and spillover effects, particularly in relation to the potential imposition of tariffs on goods exported from China to the US and export controls on strategic goods.\n“European businesses operating in China increasingly find themselves caught between a rock and a hard place due to China’s increased focus on national security and an increase in geopolitical tensions,” said Adam Dunnett, secretary general of the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China.\n“They are also now facing a patchwork of legal and compliance obligations from different markets, which undermines the efficiency of global supply chains.”\nWith an aim of re-industrialisation, Trump and his supporters have argued that China is accountable for the decline of American manufacturing and vowed to reduce the US trade deficit with China.\nDuring Lighthizer’s tenure, tariffs were imposed as a tool to force China into negotiations, which led to a phase-one trade deal in January 2020 that saw some commitments from China to purchase American goods.\nCritical of China’s state-led economic model, Lighthizer had emphasised the importance of a tough and unilateral approach to compel China to comply with international trade rules.\nAs with the first time around, I doubt if we’ll see a ‘phase two’ trade deal beneficial to American companies, workers, growers, and consumers\nJames Zimmerman, Beijing-based lawyer\nAnd with the nomination of his protégé Greer, “expect the same playbook – all tactics, no strategy,” according to long-time Beijing-based lawyer James Zimmerman, who is also a former chairman of AmCham China.\n“As with the first time around, I doubt if we’ll see a ‘phase two’ trade deal beneficial to American companies, workers, growers and consumers,” he added.\n“What American companies need is true market access and a level playing field, and that takes thoughtful and methodical negotiations, and not hollow threats of tariffs and sanctions. And that applies equally to all our trading partners – the EU, Canada, Mexico, China, and so on.”\nChina, which has been facing rising trade barriers imposed by various countries including the US, is the most frequently subjected to trade remedy investigations, according to a report earlier this week from Shanghai-based legal-business oriented social networking service Intelligeast.\nSince the establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995, 7,843 trade remedy investigations have been initiated worldwide, with 2,494 launched against China, accounting for 31.8 per cent of the total.\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Jamieson Greer’s nomination as the next US trade representative, having been described by president-elect Donald Trump as a key figure in the first trade war with China, is expected to lead to a hard line taken in trade relations between the world’s two largest economies."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The protégé of Robert Lighthizer, a protectionist who "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3114288/keep-tariffs-china-and-hold-their-feet-fire-says-us-trade","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"68437016-4014-11eb-be63-b2d34bb06b66","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"served as trade representative during Trump’s first term,"}]},{"type":"text","data":" would focus on “reining in the country’s massive trade deficit”, said Trump on Tuesday as he vowed harsh policies on China."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"International trade lawyer Greer, who was chief of staff to Lighthizer, "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3288276/trump-picks-jamieson-greer-us-trade-representative","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"eea4811e-8b22-4298-9c9c-841ce8f8d649","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"will assume the role"}]},{"type":"text","data":" pending Senate confirmation as the new administration is anticipated to seek aggressive tariff increases."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“As a mentee of Lighthizer, Greer’s stance might be similar,” said Xu Tianchen, a senior China economist with The Economist Intelligence Unit."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Don’t expect him to be kinder than Lighthizer – he will continue to take a hard line on China and actively push for tariffs.”"}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Trade ties between the US and China would be on a tighter rope with Greer’s appointment, said He Weiwen, a senior fellow with the Centre for China and Globalisation, a Beijing-based think tank."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-code-block methode-html-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"src":"https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/113552350882072401/embed","class":"truthsocial-embed","style":"max-width: 100%; border: 0","width":"600","allowfullscreen":"allowfullscreen"},"children":[]},{"type":"script","attribs":{"src":"https://truthsocial.com/embed.js","async":"async"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"He stressed that the potential "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3287125/us-advisory-panel-china-backs-repeal-preferential-trade-status","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"b7d0836e-49eb-4ffb-99a8-ea08efff45a5","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"revoking of China’s permanent normal trade relations status"}]},{"type":"text","data":" could be the biggest blow to relations following a recommendation earlier this month by the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"On Monday, Trump vowed to impose tariffs of 25 per cent on imports from Mexico and Canada, "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/article/3288229/trumps-tariff-surprise-slams-chinas-exporters-de-escalation-even-option?module=top_story\u0026pgtype=section","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"1b85d3ac-eb11-446c-ad37-6192d74fbb75","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"as well as additional duties of 10 per cent on Chinese goods,"}]},{"type":"text","data":" unless the counties halted flows of fentanyl and illegal migrants into the US."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The threat came on top of Trump’s pledge to impose tariffs of 60 per cent on Chinese imports and between 10 and 20 per cent on all other imports."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Greer, a partner at the King \u0026 Spalding law firm in Washington, “played a key role” during Trump’s first term in imposing tariffs on China and other nations to “combat unfair trade practices”, according to 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China expert who has expressed scepticism about the efficacy of Trump’s trade war tactics but continued many of the policies under the Biden administration, while also seeking to strengthen US alliances to confront China."}]},{"type":"blockquote-quote","attribs":{"class":"blockquote"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Trump used tariffs in his first term, so it should come as no surprise that he is again considering them as a tool"},{"type":"text","data":"Michael Hart, American Chamber of Commerce in China"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Tai’s approach is also seen to underscore a commitment to addressing long-standing concerns, such as China’s intellectual property theft, forced technology transfers and market access barriers."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Expectations for tariff increases are rising among American businesses, but many doubt they would benefit the US."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Trump used tariffs in his first term, so it should come as no surprise that he is again considering them as a tool,” said Michael Hart, president of the American Chamber of Commerce (AmCham) in China."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Many of our companies will be scenario planning accordingly.”"}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6","infiniteAdsAfterNumber":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Noting that members were generally not in favour of tariffs, he added, “Trump is also known as a negotiator, so it is also no surprise that he is stating targets for specific countries.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“In some specific cases, tariffs may be helpful as remedies and he has stated why he has proposed them, which gives more clarity to his logic.”"}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper 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caught between a rock and a hard place due to China’s increased focus on national security and an increase in geopolitical tensions,” said Adam Dunnett, secretary general of the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“They are also now facing a patchwork of legal and compliance obligations from different markets, which undermines the efficiency of global supply chains.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"With an aim of re-industrialisation, Trump and his supporters have argued that China is accountable for the decline of American manufacturing and vowed to reduce the US trade deficit with China."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"During Lighthizer’s tenure, tariffs were imposed as a tool to force China into negotiations, which led to a "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3168399/us-china-trade-war-was-phase-one-trade-deal-historic-failure","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"f4d10d45-490c-4a55-97b5-a42309fc7342","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"phase-one trade deal in January 2020"}]},{"type":"text","data":" that saw some commitments from China to purchase American goods."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Critical of China’s state-led economic model, Lighthizer had emphasised the importance of a tough and unilateral approach to compel China to comply with international trade rules."}]},{"type":"blockquote-quote","attribs":{"class":"blockquote"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"As with the first time around, I doubt if we’ll see a ‘phase two’ trade deal beneficial to American companies, workers, growers, and consumers"},{"type":"text","data":"James Zimmerman, Beijing-based 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