CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "journals.aps.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91894ca7a861ce35',cH: 'PkA90qSg8IYym6FkJbQ28QWBneqGqSlLw4LpprZMGLc-1740671100-1.2.1.1-kA68mu_Yf3RO64Cb_WFQONTR3KfaAjXCF73hzYNX5UNvFt9PLEB7m6q.r61iBz59',cUPMDTk: "\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.112502?__cf_chl_tk=udn5EXSBSfTjL.O2men88SOO.H8RUsstNmjdTYnaflM-1740671100-1.0.1.1-0HftBMOh4q.SPJ5A6Naf4aVG49QB890Gdb8isLiNaAg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740671100',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.112502?__cf_chl_f_tk=udn5EXSBSfTjL.O2men88SOO.H8RUsstNmjdTYnaflM-1740671100-1.0.1.1-0HftBMOh4q.SPJ5A6Naf4aVG49QB890Gdb8isLiNaAg",md: "rNACEpAjMNu7dkFNzP4v8tPgmzE5DvyYsrk42ORdJYA-1740671100-1.2.1.1-bmwIFjJb89EUGfzuaed7KnYW0Bc8jZ.SMcVWCReu8RJgh0_IoW551RQk2yPM1uFCnTL.KIut0XcLGEYfPxdj9MrsLc8d7bM3t5wSJ7EmtZvLclQKrJfNNc71CRxQDQKsAhrZPg5.zOpHCpOK5I8lvW4oqWwT9LWXVlRZYR0OyipFEAYEDHKkVnsXMFnmd7v7PUXaPaovRmQ9Ab4k2TX1XHaQilxCrU_XPp4rkcOfR0r3FEUK7K9P1ZYEUp3CiAX_6Yw24fCyjqmcrXXQlqzpcA87w0gxR3D35.ObXDtvyoMlT4QM0kYlkJSRN6n6FlXEAuOTQHIyKFPQOv6hRrS4lgEul3gYVj.RcpPdbMvOwUcf9kdz2fIm33YbqIuBVFpdYCmgUCn3nH9DNE09QyZvXo1.mjHnapPW0.JSOY4lmaVpRMF3j6dl1Gw4tBIq1d.hGdgF9FBYyCXrpOJvtPG9hImLikM0QALds_DTqcC9ogCFgiC8cuicAoi3STEvkmgH_yEBJBn5Aa0tGxjiKv2xE1F7gfD7esCbWq7Xq3jUXQwcxdOmnGgae.YZpQJdolamxUVi2PFRblUHl4l7wOpEPpVQdNGOr2CipqFUbm154EbnXzMfVwz2OZF3kbSxmRM1vlYyjsKsxJjEbyDvM6MBTI176Ue3JWFOpZHYjYNDtDyrAq_VOp1Pkz_xtSqy2po_NyZuU3lFQXJbPsyJxQw4qs8u__aS5AqLoN3wD4naCq7UtknXY9Cf7jvzyzh6F4AjfLjooIbO.gNPnkZcw_ddP4GQIVsNWXwNUEy6tk2VOhHSw2wXfaXCiagMr4fQlTzMzWNq_GTXZg5.IOkC3kKI2AK4e8TO4F5Cjz3waxljqVYuY9Y9sdGuwad15PJf26EMOuUpX.MwjImaCUPfy8addmazyedcZ3d7K3.3Ut8Z8sXfnpqrc048yvo_F4kTeOSihM44OTEza0sSTgy5e9R9v.FXH2mdyBYatBLOWkZQIhj6UlwGQMtlkwkNFO742g5EYToTavlCRMwEiS0t0rJjOctNykoAqdk0Pu_9rhepQSPQMLhXN66SFWPpzjVSVkuaVBZFfKyM2ooRJ.fETFSPqSzzFvnTRPKSs9ud2HZ1y3V_5ABpTAlPNI70h8ooKGqEHeitKTVh.AfFO2nZ6lVmeCuxet4vVlnqOYuNAILNgj54OwwNJWodE8tSs52yXXPDiLu9JR9TXglbakSq2gtuu8SHQ8mImS0RYeGObCOko3C9lvMtIoootgtk7wDkem0cG2DVqaogwm3FaBcAlE8JtFzefjPiOUK86cQ5yIcoUOS_MoAUPvMS.sILdewBenx0AOfqwlbJAAsIWf3LMfwNItlBgwvhKNoXXTlnM1sIRdb1x75mD6Dmd1RAvvAGsXy31CbuS54mP6ET45Cn8Op6tKSNafFC2zYuWiyVPkpirACp5LIjPgZDQlBsnvzMfZa31GtvvxkWOcrMQ7SoOlRRLhk9LAqFJSyWkbYoLfICVOpi7q6ncvN_qtWQ9iRxOTJAp2ancJYvJfpn3xb02dHeb2Xo.UN8QO5FkNNDXFIIqjGD3crFB9uXs5LhTUTJcWCXLVV4J_xh.hkmrqlH3LHSRS7KP15Os42FWMbT2J6oljYiTxed1XmC6TWQF2UNfrEyv61LR35Z0f_V2VRkQ7cAqnRUt2BZEHAndznLFwyjjDXiofFtme0Dqte7yjEVqycefQ4_vJp9HfHHoIOzsRNHCiWAMZycj8EeGXTPgqRAfY9KshH_Oja2mHkluj.Ijn5Ksh3R_J0l76U_5XkiH0yuRBnAPqMSD.u6EZcy5YQUNnHFFPHlM3d.smMpj0VvkRGhEyjbdCLdYDzlsA7ILQm63gNMduAYq3q7UKAAMcnd1MzNINsKyXUzgBCBMCPAdDbfUUyx964sZibGYOS.JpHCHPnt6k6aWIaJLyB0l0dr1gxAU0hEeGC4ik6KGvXlhlxAt4gh6VcQjveHZQBxz6965qGgwTtl_MLVAWGPrj4Uf7k8g5Q2cRGjxOImC2Mto.u.lcc9C3vsHEnEpAk9eg3jl2.WGGxrlo_Jb_QwSTo3AgGQHBmvuxYNeiwBGOtwqRF7K1Om4IpLyej3lJFcLVWuFRC0I_wUxk8W0RcE8tYTpBY9nc9GDcFGP96L4380rhEsjHx7d2Qhd6Oq3dLvLB9yKnqp5KB7kpsff4iSpWBgbRGexoJBJDMPVRwkO3vdomTDXUIZ3xBtsYgw.IXCH0khfWtsG5UsKM4f3hTQWO2igY0LOYb0MyWlpeNl.vIME55vlgzhCUO74Vk83vd_CVRrOuFuS0B3LyfC9w_81sjcEiDz1NXdbtxltaf8uWqCNJw8V17MFlaPytVAtqI9Wr_VvlaKfrs56i_UzsWHRhO1jYrFL3.1bAkup4TQOVVQojpP7Tr0m69fvNH0gKJsgAkpL7K7QdnVJ0GsDU8pP0oU3AG6Q0q7PGTSFZPS6C7rbm9BgSHIcb1yPa41nTsI0zexG2NDhaAmtpyShsnoyufjefZWtgtwLAR1MGU.vihbWsuQNeYwC4qYODGHsZSUp3fevleKScg9GnCg14yLGYSiiiE",mdrd: "qHUCkFJphZuJNuwYx0NQisN4oXDIESKlrU2ZIllXjMw-1740671100-1.2.1.1-HkMvZOWGxP4qb01NCvLtGvReitSQiwnBrD5NWJfrN.G4exZqmxDzpSBfPU7LsLsefaoyJNDounrlyc8OaHKYrClJc.WQ8GpVh99cbo8GWn0dhFCRazU9fI.MMAV.Mfy1hgrP5hbLCQ3ZeHpVUBHKRDpkISv04wApzQgGbIubLbiknJh84byOTlb1fO4vZeGLfQuEfyCQ3enAzqLWAxGdVSPWvct61JM_aZuCG_E4DVc2tn.7_MKby5.HHZoqkNfaSPoowYWCJicHq36T5bybqD.0NcQBxEHBo8LMjkrMxTZK8RuBJGQj_zsRqfM1CkJ94xhK5N1utEcjcWgrmJwDn2xWlp8ecwjToK52xQ_t1NBVIYMokW.yJ03pC9o8xDJ9k_2a5hCbhblrLDEDaDfPUxtt9Pz6gSgqnTW8uq8e7ASAevoSz0Apw2nowdZXOPPgeqEs6Q8H2NSATS6enS0P6BdPdr5zrRjhhA1LZ1Vo3SrYzpJALgnac3AbS71B2XwKXikYp01o7xvwBDT3SD0rfbjCt9Icc3I3CLyMP6Jo_XDC7fRl44EYaA639LvP6uiMwMOXI7nFTRUso.zZ4WqjQ7wu9HnMEed0TtBM.H_RRYfPgt1jZbNHlEVo7io3oP76xZQXffqBOSpqAAEzRT_CnyLl4DOKIW_Z5bM62EbMMdUILjQ_Y.PKVAuVBKNiqBoeCVIalwPOKPUMBWXb8k11XleI6TB.dgSAKR1xYDv8mVSi0vepen8RfwLsMqFolau6PtC.tmIsnm6MWjucmnnt5zBxaFqYtfOAm9qh3nAbo0hpzz3j1hgmne7icTCMjSXJEnTrHQcyd05YdQ2dyowDipSgIv0.VqRuHlG1LUNYe_lHdlFhS56.qy.JK39wDR8LLjqx8oUYiTT39AaAlF.UlHFsDdAxLAm4qdsAYvGqO9PE8ie3Ea00LhlzxC0RvLcv89lqEadV.mbdxAGVF9Se74gXK5uZGPtJ6OFHkKsI20PSbpyhAMf5cEqu9ymU6SLk6DIarLGsW2sbkExx9zMtxuNqBgnRekfoGINF3sBARoZnfmJYyna2FldHaQ6P2gWYsTWJHFkOnTOu4.TuuVDaqTxKUUMwIPrx.0S6NUExScMHFBj56SaG7aKqukSrULJc.htf8Zrxp_mS1B1duVhi2fn2FtsxKdpRn98lNEM7qVaDsqmhcLPH2ZEfYzmfipPeHC5GeC0G1TPQ.eRT_HboH6I4lLWUjgT43DLCFLqsQfvsDSHlOoaqVZjw3OWOsgmunPbPo2hswn9FDEjdPu_nHImatK5NaKoktpiY05iiyTxL3GIXK7dIgUgg2JCMF5Irr_Dz4RLPuqZoTTbBOX6jPVU.01QkS9MVoQCXdjtVVQZ7Nw7F09zjHBMi1zRk8x8rTpJjqwuvwi5576c7YBnOzncmWcDlVl0e043wUDF1CuvdYeQIjvbguWLptbTCIqRaPLQMDhCBAvgt6Qp7Gu5cCgS62R2tNxCbiqneDBs08tkL19pGPKQUvN.QDy43h5JC5Tuo.fWNTygP6Q50g8QPm1F4yop7nKRyXL43Nop66hamRQSqHZjFG8Ivqb8zf3t_08D8TWYxiPAf5Y5.iXDW0iLIp.b7q3WrDIP0zMHranpBa_Pjjo1TWdMiERMhY9XCdBRNGTZIZtIfRmygKibNolUEtWQ0qgDxlp9lvzb5aGSP34itpb2WdFvLHPU1TBNCIw3qKV19x6.5KvmdqXvS8tqX8vzHWEKsy3hDhjfZIkZHUUdN76mA2z6gYixs7FjeLGo4e7h11_P1FIqpUNdCHsrGLQmAErU8xit8A6UJT7wiF06yaGhEZkIFd2JBV3xN7JtcaYsewIlMIsDKEQFdLFS_JgYFjNxqvCnrI1w5s4OelyylXZNU6kHSSF.tpFYJ5_AgdDKfFONTXupQWAwiZh0wHa8PQ4fxzyDNuE7Q0Cb_DS6l0C3L3sli.0Rc0wj."};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91894ca7a861ce35';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.112502?__cf_chl_rt_tk=udn5EXSBSfTjL.O2men88SOO.H8RUsstNmjdTYnaflM-1740671100-1.0.1.1-0HftBMOh4q.SPJ5A6Naf4aVG49QB890Gdb8isLiNaAg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>