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class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Wiktionary</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Russian transliteration</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wiktionary, the free dictionary</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="interproject-box sister-wikipedia sister-project noprint floatright"><div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/44px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/66px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/88px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94"/></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left: 60px;">English <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> has articles on:<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" class="extiw" title="w:Romanization of Russian">Romanization of Russian</a></b> and <b class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_transliteration" class="extiw" title="w:Scientific transliteration">Scientific transliteration</a></b></div></div><span class="interProject"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" class="extiw" title="w:Romanization of Russian">Wikipedia </a></span><span class="interProject"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_transliteration" class="extiw" title="w:Scientific transliteration">Wikipedia </a></span></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81571951">.mw-parser-output .interproject-box{font-size:90%;width:250px;padding:4px;text-align:left;background:var(--wikt-palette-paleblue,#f9f9f9);border:var(--border-color-base,#aaa)1px solid}@media screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .interproject-box{box-sizing:border-box;line-height:1.5;width:100%;max-width:100%}}</style> <div class="noprint plainlinks shortcut-box"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br/><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:RU_TR&redirect=no">WT:RU TR</a></code></div><p>These are the rules concerning transliteration in <a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_language" title="Category:Russian language">Russian</a> entries. This Wiktionary-specific transliteration system is based on the conventional system of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_transliteration_of_Cyrillic" class="extiw" title="w:Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic">transliteration for linguistics</a>, with modifications, and exceptions to reflect Russian pronunciation instead of Cyrillic spelling. </p><p><br style="clear: both;"/> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Wiktionary standard transliteration for Russian </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>1 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>3 </th> <th>4 </th> <th>5 </th> <th>6 </th> <th>7 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>9 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>11 </th> <th>12 </th> <th>13 </th> <th>14 </th> <th>15 </th> <th>16 </th> <th>17 </th> <th>18 </th> <th>19 </th> <th>20 </th> <th>21 </th> <th>22 </th> <th>23 </th> <th>24 </th> <th>25 </th> <th>26 </th> <th>27 </th> <th>28 </th> <th>29 </th> <th>30 </th> <th>31 </th> <th>32 </th> <th>33 </th> <th colspan="6">archaic (pre-1918) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90" title="А">А</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91" title="Б">Б</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92" title="В">В</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93" title="Г">Г</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%94" title="Д">Д</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%95" title="Е">Е</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%81" title="Ё">Ё</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%96" title="Ж">Ж</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%97" title="З">З</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%98" title="И">И</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%99" title="Й">Й</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A" title="К">К</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B" title="Л">Л</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C" title="М">М</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" title="Н">Н</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E" title="О">О</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" title="П">П</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0" title="Р">Р</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" title="С">С</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" title="Т">Т</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" title="У">У</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" title="Ф">Ф</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5" title="Х">Х</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6" title="Ц">Ц</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" title="Ч">Ч</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" title="Ш">Ш</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" title="Щ">Щ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ">Ъ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" title="Ы">Ы</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" title="Ь">Ь</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD" title="Э">Э</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" title="Ю">Ю</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF" title="Я">Я</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%B2" title="Ѳ">Ѳ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%A2" title="Ѣ">Ѣ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D1%A2%CC%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ѣ̈ (page does not exist)">Ѣ̈</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%B4" title="Ѵ">Ѵ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%CC%88" title="Я̈">Я̈</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%B0" title="а">а</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%B1" title="б">б</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%B2" title="в">в</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%B3" title="г">г</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%B4" title="д">д</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%B5" title="е">е</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%91" title="ё">ё</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%B6" title="ж">ж</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%B7" title="з">з</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%B8" title="и">и</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%B9" title="й">й</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%BA" title="к">к</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%BB" title="л">л</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%BC" title="м">м</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%BD" title="н">н</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%BE" title="о">о</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%BF" title="п">п</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%80" title="р">р</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%81" title="с">с</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%82" title="т">т</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%83" title="у">у</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%84" title="ф">ф</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%85" title="х">х</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%86" title="ц">ц</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%87" title="ч">ч</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%88" title="ш">ш</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%89" title="щ">щ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%8A" title="ъ">ъ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%8B" title="ы">ы</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%8C" title="ь">ь</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%8D" title="э">э</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%8E" title="ю">ю</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%8F" title="я">я</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%96" title="і">і</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%B3" title="ѳ">ѳ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%A3" title="ѣ">ѣ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D1%A3%CC%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ѣ̈ (page does not exist)">ѣ̈</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%B5" title="ѵ">ѵ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D1%8F%CC%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="я̈ (page does not exist)">я̈</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A a </td> <td>B b </td> <td>V v </td> <td>G g, H h, X x, V v<sup>1</sup> </td> <td>D d </td> <td>E e, Je je, ɛ<sup>2</sup>, Jó jó, ó<sup>4</sup> </td> <td>Jó jó, ó<sup>5</sup> </td> <td>Ž ž </td> <td>Z z </td> <td>I i </td> <td>J j </td> <td>K k </td> <td>L l </td> <td>M m </td> <td>N n </td> <td>O o </td> <td>P p </td> <td>R r </td> <td>S s </td> <td>T t </td> <td>U u </td> <td>F f </td> <td>X x </td> <td>C c </td> <td>Č č, Š š<sup>6</sup> </td> <td>Š š </td> <td>Šč šč </td> <td>ʺ, <sup>7</sup> </td> <td>Y y </td> <td>ʹ </td> <td>ɛ, E e<sup>3</sup> </td> <td>Ju ju, u<sup>8</sup> </td> <td>Ja ja </td> <td>I i </td> <td>F f </td> <td>Ě ě </td> <td>Jǒ́ jǒ́, ǒ́<sup>9</sup> </td> <td>I i </td> <td>Jǫ jǫ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Table notes: </p> <ol><li>The letter “<a href="/wiki/%D0%B3" title="г">г</a>” is transliterated as <i>h</i> when it is pronounced /ɣ/, as <i>x</i> when it is pronounced /x/, and as <i>v</i> in <a href="/wiki/genitive" title="genitive">genitive</a>/<a href="/wiki/accusative" title="accusative">accusative</a> masculine/neuter endings (e.g., “-ого” = <i>-ovo</i>, and “-его” = <i>-(j)evo</i>, pronounced /ovo/ like “-ово” and /(j)evo/ like “-ево”, respectively). E.g., “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3#Russian" title="бог">бог</a></i>” is <i>box</i>, “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9#Russian" title="лёгкий">лёгкий</a></i>” is <i>ljóxkij</i>, “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE#Russian" title="ого">ого́</a></i>” (interjection) is <i>ohó</i> or <i>ogó</i>, “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE#Russian" title="кого">кого́</a></i>” is <i>kovó</i> and “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F#Russian" title="сегодня">сего́дня</a></i>” is <i>sevódnja</i>.</li> <li>The letter “<a href="/wiki/%D0%B5" title="е">е</a>” is transliterated as follows: <ol><li><i>e</i> after consonants, e.g. <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7#Russian" title="без">без</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">bez</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, or after a hyphen at the beginning of a suffix, e.g. <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/-%D0%B5%D1%86#Russian" title="-ец">-ец</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">-ec</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>;</li> <li><i>je</i> elsewhere (at the beginning of a word, after a vowel or following “<a href="/wiki/%D1%8A" title="ъ">ъ</a>” or “<a href="/wiki/%D1%8C" title="ь">ь</a>”);</li> <li><i>ɛ</i> in loanwords where the preceding consonant is not <a href="/wiki/palatalise" title="palatalise">palatalised</a>, e.g. “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82#Russian" title="тест">тест</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">tɛst</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>”.</li></ol></li> <li>The letter “<a href="/wiki/%D1%8D" title="э">э</a>” is transliterated as follows: <ol><li><i>ɛ</i> in the places where letter “<a href="/wiki/%D0%B5" title="е">е</a>” is transliterated as <i>e</i> (after consonants and after a hyphen at the beginning of a suffix);</li> <li><i>e</i> elsewhere (i.e. wherever the letter “<a href="/wiki/%D0%B5" title="е">е</a>” would be transliterated as <i>je</i>).</li></ol></li> <li>In running texts (excluding dictionary or textbook material, books designed for young readers), the letter “<a href="/wiki/%D1%91" title="ё">ё</a>” is seldom used by native speakers and it's written as letter “<a href="/wiki/%D0%B5" title="е">е</a>”, without the dots. It's still pronounced and transliterated the same way as “<a href="/wiki/%D1%91" title="ё">ё</a>”, e.g. “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9#Russian" title="легкий">легкий</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">ljóxkij</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>” (such terms are treated as alternative spellings in Wiktionary, which uses a dictionary style, the main terms being those spelled with “<a href="/wiki/%D1%91" title="ё">ё</a>”).</li> <li>The letter “<a href="/wiki/%D1%91" title="ё">ё</a>” is transliterated as <i>ó</i> following the consonants “<a href="/wiki/%D0%B6" title="ж">ж</a>”, “<a href="/wiki/%D1%87" title="ч">ч</a>”, “<a href="/wiki/%D1%88" title="ш">ш</a>”, or “<a href="/wiki/%D1%89" title="щ">щ</a>”. “<a href="/wiki/%D1%91" title="ё">ё</a>” is transliterated as <i>jó/ó</i> by default as it is usually stressed, monosyllabic words, loanwords where indicating stress is not required or and rare multipart words, loanwords “<a href="/wiki/%D1%91" title="ё">ё</a>” is NOT stressed must be transliterated as <i>jo/o</i>, e.g. monosyllabic words: <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B4#Russian" title="лёд">лёд</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">ljod</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, Russian words prefixed with <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%82%D1%80%D1%91%D1%85-#Russian" title="трёх-">трёх-</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">trjox-</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%91%D1%85-#Russian" title="четырёх-">четырёх-</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">četyrjóx-</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, rare loanwords with unstressed “ё”: <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пёнтковский (page does not exist)">Пёнтко́вский</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">Pjontkóvskij</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> (also <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пентковский (page does not exist)">Пентко́вский</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">Pentkóvskij</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>).</li> <li>The letter “<a href="/wiki/%D1%87" title="ч">ч</a>” is transliterated as <i>š</i> in the few words where it is pronounced /ʂ/ like “<a href="/wiki/%D1%88" title="ш">ш</a>”: “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE#Russian" title="что">что</a></i>” is <i>što</i>, “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE#Russian" title="конечно">коне́чно</a></i>” is <i>konéšno</i>.</li> <li>The letter “ъ” at the end of a word—which was used in pre-1918 orthography—is not transliterated as it did not represent any sound: <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8A#Russian" title="миръ">миръ</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">mir</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8A#Russian" title="міръ">міръ</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">mir</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.</li> <li>The letter “<a href="/wiki/%D1%8E" title="ю">ю</a>” is transliterated as <i>u</i> in the combinations “жю” and “шю”. For example, “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%B6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8#Russian" title="жюри">жюри́</a></i>” = <i>žurí</i>, “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0#Russian" title="брошюра">брошю́ра</a></i>” = <i>brošúra</i> where “<a href="/wiki/%D1%8E" title="ю">ю</a>” doesn't produce the usual pronunciation.</li> <li>The letter “<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D1%A3%CC%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ѣ̈ (page does not exist)">ѣ̈</a>” is transliterated as <i>jǒ́/ǒ́</i> by default, but otherwise has the same exceptions as “<a href="/wiki/%D1%91" title="ё">ё</a>”, where it is transliterated as 'ǒ́<i> or </i>jǒ́/ǒ́<i>.</i></li></ol> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Exceptions"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Exceptions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Syllabic_stress"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Syllabic stress</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Automatic_and_manual_transliteration"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Automatic and manual transliteration</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Exceptions" data-mw-thread-id="h-Exceptions"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Exceptions"></span>Exceptions<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Exceptions"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:Russian_transliteration&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Exceptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are no more exceptions if the pronunciation is expected and can be learned from the basics of Russian phonology, specifically: </p> <ul><li>The reduction of vowels and voicing/devoicing of consonants are not reflected in the transliteration.</li> <li>Verb endings “-тся” and “-ться” are transliterated as written as <i>-tsja</i> and <i>-tʹsja</i>: <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F#Russian" title="одеться">оде́ться</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">odétʹsja</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F#Russian" title="оденется">оде́нется</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">odénetsja</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.</li> <li>Silent consonants in consonant clusters are transliterated: “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9#Russian" title="честный">че́стный</a></i>” is <i>čéstnyj</i>, not <i>čésnyj</i>, and “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5#Russian" title="солнце">со́лнце</a></i>” is <i>sólnce</i>, not <i>sónce</i>.</li> <li>Sibilants changing pronunciation are transliterated letter by letter as per the table: “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5#Russian" title="счастье">сча́стье</a></i>” is <i>sčástʹje</i>, not <i>ščástʹje</i>.</li> <li>Combinations “жи”, “ши”, and “ци” are transliterated as <i>ži</i>, <i>ši</i> and <i>ci</i>, not <i>žy</i>, <i>šy</i> and <i>cy</i>.</li> <li>The letter “ь” at the end of words ending in “ж”, “ш”, “щ” and “ч” has no effect on the pronunciation, but is still transliterated as ʹ: <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C#Russian" title="рожь">рожь</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">rožʹ</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8C#Russian" title="мышь">мышь</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">myšʹ</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D1%8C#Russian" title="вещь">вещь</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">veščʹ</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C#Russian" title="печь">печь</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">pečʹ</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C#Russian" title="делать">де́лаешь</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">délaješʹ</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Syllabic_stress" data-mw-thread-id="h-Syllabic_stress"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Syllabic_stress"></span>Syllabic stress<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Syllabic_stress"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:Russian_transliteration&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Syllabic stress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syllabic <a href="/wiki/stress" title="stress">stress</a> is indicated by an acute accent ´ over the stressed vowel: </p> <ul><li>Cyrillic: А́, а́, Е́, е́, И́, и́, О́, о́, У́, у́, Ы́, ы́, Э́, э́, Ю́, ю́, Я́, я́.</li> <li>Roman: Á, á, Jé, jé, Í, í, Ó, ó, Ú, ú, Ý, ý, É, ɛ́, Jú, jú, Já, já.</li></ul> <p>E.g., <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0#Russian" title="рыба">ры́ба</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">rýba</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">fish</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. </p><p>Archaic letters: </p> <ul><li>Cyrillic: Í, і́, Ѣ́, ѣ́, Ѵ́, ѵ́</li> <li>Roman: Í, í, Jě́, jě́, Í, í</li></ul> <ul><li>The vowel “ё” is normally stressed in native Russian words, but occasionally it may be necessary to show the stress for this letter: “ё́”.</li> <li>In rare cases where the stressed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography" class="extiw" title="w:Reforms of Russian orthography">pre-1918 reform</a> letter <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%A3#Russian" title="ѣ">ѣ</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">jě</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> is pronounced as <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%91#Russian" title="ё">ё</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">jo</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, the letter is accented as <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D1%A3%CC%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ѣ̈ (page does not exist)">ѣ̈</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">jǒ</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, for example, <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%A3%CC%88%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE#Russian" title="гнѣ̈здышко">гнѣ̈здышко</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">gnjǒ́zdyško</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. This may be required as an input to templates with certain stress-patterns, for example <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%A3%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE#Russian" title="гнѣздо">гнѣздо́</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">gnězdó</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, which is of type "d", is entered as <code>гнѣ̈здо</code> into the headword and declension table.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Automatic_and_manual_transliteration" data-mw-thread-id="h-Automatic_and_manual_transliteration"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Automatic_and_manual_transliteration"></span>Automatic and manual transliteration<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Automatic_and_manual_transliteration"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:Russian_transliteration&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Automatic and manual transliteration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russian text is automatically transliterated according to the above conventions. Manual transliteration is only necessary in a few situations, such as where the letter “<a href="/wiki/%D0%B5" title="е">е</a>” needs to be transliterated <i>ɛ</i>. Manual transliteration is specified in one of two ways, depending on the template: </p> <ol><li>Most headword templates (<code style="white-space:pre-wrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:ru-noun#top" title="Template:ru-noun">ru-noun</a>}}</code>, <code style="white-space:pre-wrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:ru-adj#top" title="Template:ru-adj">ru-adj</a>}}</code>, <code style="white-space:pre-wrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:ru-adv#top" title="Template:ru-adv">ru-adv</a>}}</code>, etc.) take a <code>|tr=</code> parameter for the first headword, and <code>|tr2=</code>, <code>|tr3=</code> etc. for further headwords. Non-Russian-specific templates work similarly, e.g. <code style="white-space:pre-wrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:link#top" title="Template:link">l</a>}}</code>, <code style="white-space:pre-wrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:mention#top" title="Template:mention">m</a>}}</code>, <code style="white-space:pre-wrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:ux#top" title="Template:ux">ux</a>}}</code> etc. For example: <code style="white-space:pre-wrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:mention#top" title="Template:mention">m</a>|ru|тест|tr=tɛst}}</code>.</li> <li>The headword templates <code style="white-space:pre-wrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:ru-noun%2B#top" title="Template:ru-noun+">ru-noun+</a>}}</code> and <code style="white-space:pre-wrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:ru-proper_noun%2B#top" title="Template:ru-proper noun+">ru-proper noun+</a>}}</code>, as well as all declension and conjugation templates (<code style="white-space:pre-wrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:ru-noun-table#top" title="Template:ru-noun-table">ru-noun-table</a>}}</code>, <code style="white-space:pre-wrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:ru-decl-adj#top" title="Template:ru-decl-adj">ru-decl-adj</a>}}</code>, <code style="white-space:pre-wrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:ru-conj#top" title="Template:ru-conj">ru-conj</a>}}</code>) specify manual transliteration in the same parameter as the Russian, separated by <code>//</code>. For example: <code style="white-space:pre-wrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:ru-noun-table#top" title="Template:ru-noun-table">ru-noun-table</a>|тест//tɛst}}</code>.</li></ol> <p>The module that implements automatic transliteration handles a number of situations, e.g.: </p> <ul><li>Adjectival “-ого”, “-его” and pre-1918 “-аго” are correctly transliterated as <i>-ovo</i>, <i>-evo</i>, <i>-avo</i>. This also works if accents are present on the vowels. Exceptions are made for the following words where “г” has the usual pronunciation: “много”, “немного”, “нaмного”, “ого”, “лого”, “сого”, “лего”.</li> <li>“<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F#Russian" title="сегодня">сего́дня</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">sevódnja</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>” is transliterated <i>sevódnja</i>, and all forms of “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9#Russian" title="сегодняшний">сего́дняшний</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">sevódnjašnij</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>” are similarly transliterated with <i>sevódnjašn-</i>.</li> <li>“<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE#Russian" title="что">что</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">što</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>”, “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE#Russian" title="ничто">ничто́</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">ništó</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>”, “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B#Russian" title="чтобы">что́бы</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">štóby</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>”, “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1#Russian" title="чтоб">чтоб</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">štob</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>” (plus forms “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%BE#Russian" title="что-то">что́-то</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">štó-to</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>”, “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C#Russian" title="что-нибудь">что́-нибудь</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">štó-nibudʹ</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>”, etc.) are correctly transliterated with <i>š</i> rather than <i>č</i>.</li> <li>Forms of “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9#Russian" title="лёгкий">лёгкий</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">ljóxkij</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>” and “<i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9#Russian" title="мягкий">мя́гкий</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">mjáxkij</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>”, as well as words with “лёхч”, “лехч” and “мяхч” in them, are correctly transliterated with <i>-xk-</i> and <i>-xč-</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also-Automatic_and_manual_transliteration"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also-Automatic_and_manual_transliteration"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also-Automatic_and_manual_transliteration"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:Russian_transliteration&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ru-translit" title="Module:ru-translit">Module:ru-translit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Russian_alphabet" title="Appendix:Russian alphabet">Appendix:Russian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Russian_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Russian pronunciation">Appendix:Russian pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:About_Russian" title="Wiktionary:About Russian">Wiktionary:About Russian</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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