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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Madurai</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 80 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="مادوراي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مادوراي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="মাদুরাই – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাদুরাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai_(si%C3%A2%E2%81%BF)" title="Madurai (siâⁿ) – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Madurai (siâⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88" title="मदुरै – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मदुरै" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai_(lungsod)" title="Madurai (lungsod) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Madurai (lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B9" title="Μαντουράι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαντουράι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maduraj" title="Maduraj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maduraj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="مادورای – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مادورای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87" title="મદુરાઇ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મદુરાઇ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%91%90%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4" title="마두라이 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마두라이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5" title="Մադուրայ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մադուրայ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%88" title="मदुरई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मदुरई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="মদুরাই – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মদুরাই" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99" title="מאדוראי – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאדוראי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%88" title="ಮಧುರೈ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಧುರೈ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="მადურაი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მადურაი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maduraja" title="Maduraja – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maduraja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurajus" title="Madurajus – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Madurajus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madur%C3%A1j" title="Maduráj – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Maduráj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88" title="मदुरै – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मदुरै" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0" title="മധുര – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മധുര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="मदुराई – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मदुराई" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="მადურაი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მადურაი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%89" title="مدينه مادوراى – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدينه مادوراى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88" title="मदुरै – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मदुरै" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87" title="मदुराइ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मदुराइ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4" title="マドゥライ – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マドゥライ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87" title="ମଦୁରାଇ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମଦୁରାଇ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maduray" title="Maduray – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Maduray" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%88" title="ਮਦੁਰਈ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਦੁਰਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6" title="مادورائ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مادورائ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="مدورای – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مدورای" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maduraj" title="Maduraj – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maduraj" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88" title="मधुरै – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मधुरै" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD" title="ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадура – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мадура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88" title="மதுரை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மதுரை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%88" title="మదురై – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మదురై" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3" title="มตุไร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มตุไร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="مدورئی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مدورئی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%9C%E8%B5%96" title="马杜赖 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马杜赖" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%9C%E8%B5%96" title="马杜赖 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马杜赖" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q228405#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Madurai" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Madurai"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width: 22em; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#D9E3F4; font-size: 125%; text-align: center"><span class="fn org"><b>Madurai(மதுரை)</b></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color:#cddeff">—  <b><span class="category">city</span></b>  —</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><center><div> <div style="250px; background: transparent"> <div style="position: relative; width: 250px"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Madurai,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pemandangan Madurai"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Madurai%2C_India.jpg/250px-Madurai%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Madurai%2C_India.jpg/375px-Madurai%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Madurai%2C_India.jpg/500px-Madurai%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2589" data-file-height="1598" /></a><figcaption>Pemandangan Madurai</figcaption></figure> </div> </div> </div><small>Pemandangan Madurai</small></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><center> <div> <div style="width: 250px; background: transparent"> <div style="position: relative; width: 250px"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Tamil_Nadu_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Metro Tamil Nadu menunjukkan lokasi Madurai(மதுரை)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tamil_Nadu_locator_map.svg/250px-Tamil_Nadu_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tamil_Nadu_locator_map.svg/375px-Tamil_Nadu_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tamil_Nadu_locator_map.svg/500px-Tamil_Nadu_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1591" data-file-height="1975" /></a></span> <div style="position: absolute; width: 55px; left: 1px; top: 1px"> <div style="position: relative"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:India_Tamil_Nadu_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Peta India menunjukkan lokasi Tamil Nadu"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/India_Tamil_Nadu_locator_map.svg/55px-India_Tamil_Nadu_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/India_Tamil_Nadu_locator_map.svg/83px-India_Tamil_Nadu_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/India_Tamil_Nadu_locator_map.svg/110px-India_Tamil_Nadu_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1574" data-file-height="1738" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 88.2533%; left: 36.9353%; height:0; width: 0; margin:0; padding: 0"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 67.3365%; left: 41.8116%; height:0; width: 0; margin:0; padding: 0"> <div style="position: relative; top: -4px; left: -4px; width: 8px; text-align: center; z-index: 3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> </div> <div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.45em; text-align: left; left: 0.50em; width: 12em"><span style="padding: 1px"><b>Madurai(மதுரை)</b></span> </div> </div> </div> </div><small>Lokasi Madurai(மதுரை)<br /> di <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> dan <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></small></div></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" title="Sistem koordinat geografi">Koordinat</a></b> </td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Madurai&params=9.8___N_78.10___E_type:city(928869)_region:IN-TN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini"><span class="latitude">9°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">78°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini">9.8°N 78.10°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">9.8; 78.10</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" title="Sistem koordinat geografi">Koordinat</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Madurai&params=9.8___N_78.10___E_type:city(928869)_region:IN-TN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini"><span class="latitude">9°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">78°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini">9.8°N 78.10°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">9.8; 78.10</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Negara</b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Negeri_dan_wilayah_di_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Negeri dan wilayah di India">Negeri</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_di_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah di India (laman tidak wujud)">Daerah</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Madurai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Madurai (laman tidak wujud)">Daerah Madurai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Datuk Bandar</b> </td> <td>Thenmozhi Gopinathan <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="white-space: nowrap"> <td><b>Penduduk</b><br /> <p>• <a href="/wiki/Kepadatan_penduduk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepadatan penduduk">Kepadatan</a> </p> </td> <td><small>928,869</small><small> (2001<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag kemaskini" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit">[kemas kini]</a></sup>)</small><br /> <p>• <small>8,522/km<sup>2</sup> (22,072/sq mi)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Zon_masa" class="mw-redirect" title="Zon masa">Zon masa</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Piawai_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Waktu Piawai India">IST</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="white-space: nowrap"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Geografi_India" title="Geografi India">Keluasan</a></b><br /> <p>• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atas_paras_min_air_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atas paras min air laut (laman tidak wujud)">Aras tinggi</a> </p> </td> <td><small>109 sq mi (282 km²)</small><br /> <p>• <small>8 m (26 kaki)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"><div><b>Kod</b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 85px">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nombor_Indeks_Pos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nombor Indeks Pos (laman tidak wujud)">Pinkod</a> </td> <td>• 625 0xx </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 85px">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_di_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komunikasi di India (laman tidak wujud)">Telefon</a> </td> <td>• +452 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 85px">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plat_nombor_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plat nombor India (laman tidak wujud)">Kenderaan</a> </td> <td>• TN-58, TN-59, dan TN-64 </td></tr></tbody></table> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Laman web</b> </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maduraicorporation.in">www.maduraicorporation.in</a></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Madurai</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tamil" title="Bahasa Tamil">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">மதுரை</span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ta is deprecated </span> dan <small>IPA: </small><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IPA">[mɐd̪ɯrəj]</a></span>) ialah <a href="/wiki/Bandar_raya" title="Bandar raya">bandar raya</a> yang kedua besar (selepas <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>) di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negeri_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negeri India (laman tidak wujud)">negeri</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, dengan jumlah penduduk sebanyak 1,374,838 orang (menurut banci 2001).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia juga merupakan kota yang paling lama dihuni di <a href="/wiki/India_Selatan" title="India Selatan">Semenanjung India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FrommersIndia_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrommersIndia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terletak di tebing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Vaigai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Vaigai (laman tidak wujud)">Sungai Vaigai</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Madurai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Madurai (laman tidak wujud)">daerah Madurai</a>, bandar raya ini juga dikenali secara meluas sebagai <b>kota kuil</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-FrommersIndia_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrommersIndia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan seringnya juga dipanggil: </p> <ul><li>Koodal Maanagar (Ibu Negeri Kebudayaan Tamil Nadu);</li> <li>Malligai Maanagar (Kota <a href="/wiki/Pokok_Bunga_Melur" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokok Bunga Melur">Bunga Melur</a>),</li> <li>Thoonga Nagaram (Kota Tak Tidur); dan</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> di Timur</b>.</li></ul> <p>Madurai juga merupakan ibu kota Tamadun Selatan Kuno, dengan <a href="/wiki/Warisan_budaya" title="Warisan budaya">warisan budaya</a> yang wujud sejak 2,500 tahun dahulu. Selain itu, Madurai juga merupakan pusat <a href="/wiki/Perdagangan" title="Perdagangan">perdagangan</a> yang penting dan pernah berdagang sejauh <a href="/wiki/Rom" title="Rom">Rom</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> sejak awal <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-6_SM" title="Abad ke-6 SM">550 SM</a> lagi.<sup id="cite_ref-FrommersIndia_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrommersIndia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-http://www.madurai.com/madurai.htm_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http://www.madurai.com/madurai.htm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sejak sekurang-kurangnya <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-5_SM" title="Abad ke-5 SM">abad ke-5 SM</a>, Madurai merupakan pusat kuasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Pandya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Pandya (laman tidak wujud)">empayar Pandya</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sangam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sangam (laman tidak wujud)">Sangam</a>, sebuah <a href="/wiki/Akademi" title="Akademi">akademi</a> kuno yang membolehkan <a href="/wiki/Pemuisi" title="Pemuisi">pemuisi</a> dan penulis <a href="/wiki/Orang_Tamil" title="Orang Tamil">Tamil</a> berkumpul dari semasa ke semasa di bawah naungan raja-raja Pandya, wujud sejak sekitar <a href="/wiki/300_SM" title="300 SM">300 SM</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakkeerar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakkeerar (laman tidak wujud)">Nakkeerar</a>, pemuisi zaman Sangam, telah dikaitkan dengan sebilangan <a href="/wiki/Episod" title="Episod">episod</a> <a href="/wiki/Shiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiva">Sundareswarar</a> Tiruvilayaadal yang telah dilakonkan sebagai sebahagian tradisi perayaan kuil sehingga hari ini.<sup id="cite_ref-http://www.madurai.com/history.htm_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http://www.madurai.com/history.htm-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seawal <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-3_SM" title="Abad ke-3 SM">abad ke-3 SM</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Megasthanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megasthanes (laman tidak wujud)">Megasthanes</a> mengunjungi Madurai, disusuli kemudian oleh banyak orang <a href="/wiki/Rom" title="Rom">Rom</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> yang berdagang dengan raja-raja Pandya tersebut. </p> <table style="width:19.2em;margin:0.5em;float:right;clear:right;text-align:center;border:solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12" style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Climate_chart" title="Templat:Climate chart">Carta iklim</a> untuk Madurai </th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>O</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.4em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">20</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:12em;height:2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">30</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">20</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.27em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">14</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:12.2em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">21</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.36em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">18</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:12.5em;height:2.5em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">35</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">23</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.1em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">55</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:13em;height:2.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">37</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.4em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">70</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:13.2em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">37</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.8em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">40</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:13.2em;height:2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.2em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">36</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.99em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">50</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:13em;height:2.1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">36</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.08em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">104</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:13em;height:2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">35</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.38em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">119</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:12.8em;height:2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">34</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">24</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.76em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">188</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:12.8em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">24</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.9em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">145</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:12.6em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">30</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">23</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.02em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">51</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:12.2em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">29</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">21</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding:2px;text-align:left;font-size:85%;line-height:120%"><span style="color:red">Suhu purata dalam °C</span><br /><span style="color:blue">Jumlah hujan dalam mm</span><br /><i>Sumber: Nirvana Tour<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5777433">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none;"><div class="hidden-title" style="text-align:center;">Penukaran imperial</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <table style="width:19.2em;margin:0em;float:right;clear:right;text-align:center;border:solid 1px white" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>O</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.4em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.8</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:12em;height:2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">86</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">68</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.27em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.5</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:12.2em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">90</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">70</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.36em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.7</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:12.5em;height:2.5em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">95</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">73</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.1em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.2</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:13em;height:2.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">99</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.4em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.8</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:13.2em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">99</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">79</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.8em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.6</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:13.2em;height:2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.2em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">97</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">79</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.99em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.9</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:13em;height:2.1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">96</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.08em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">4.1</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:13em;height:2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">95</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.38em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">4.7</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:12.8em;height:2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">93</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">75</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.76em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">7.4</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:12.8em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">90</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">75</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.9em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">5.7</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:12.6em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">86</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">73</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;z-index:100;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:6em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.02em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2</span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;z-index:4;bottom:12.2em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">84</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">70</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding:2px;text-align:left;font-size:85%;line-height:120%"><span style="color:red">Suhu purata dalam °F</span><br /><span style="color:blue">Jumlah hujan dalam inci</span></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mengikut legenda, kota Madurai yang asal, dikenali sebagai <i>ThenMadurai</i> ("Madurai di Selatan") secara tradisi, dimusnahkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> di kawasan kuno yang dikenali sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumari_Kandam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumari Kandam (laman tidak wujud)">Kumari Kandam</a>. Kota yang baharu kemudian berkembang maju sehingga <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-10" title="Abad ke-10">abad ke-10</a> apabila ia ditawan oleh <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Chola" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Chola">Dinasti Chola</a>, pesaing utama empayar Pandya.<sup id="cite_ref-http://www.madurai.com/history.htm_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http://www.madurai.com/history.htm-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kemewahan Maduri kemudian dipulihkan, tetapi pada takat yang sederhana, apabila kota ini ditaklukkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Vijayanagara" title="Empayar Vijayanagara">Empayar Vijayanagara</a> dan diperintah oleh maharaja-maharaja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayak_(gelaran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nayak (gelaran) (laman tidak wujud)">Nayak</a>. Yang paling terkenal antara maharaja-maharaja itu ialah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thirumalai_Nayak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thirumalai Nayak (laman tidak wujud)">Thirumalai Nayak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-http://www.madurai.com/history.htm_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http://www.madurai.com/history.htm-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Subramanya_Bharathi" title="Subramanya Bharathi">Subramanya Bharathi</a>, pemuisi negara yang terkenal, bertugas sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandit (laman tidak wujud)">pandit</a> (guru) <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tamil" title="Bahasa Tamil">bahasa Tamil</a> di Sekolah Tinggi Sethupathy yang terletak di kota ini pada awal <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-20" title="Abad ke-20">abad ke-20</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi_dan_iklim">Geografi dan iklim</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Geografi dan iklim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Geografi dan iklim"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bandar raya Madurai yang seluas 52 km² terletak di dalam kawasan bandar yang kini mencecah melebihi 130 km².<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terdapat sebuah kota desa yang dikenali sebagai Vada Madurai di daerah berjiran <a href="/wiki/Dindigul" title="Dindigul">Dindigul</a>, serta juga kota desa <a href="/wiki/Manamadurai" title="Manamadurai">Manamadurai</a> di daerah berjiran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sivagangai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sivagangai (laman tidak wujud)">Sivagangai</a>. </p><p>Madurai terletak setinggi 101 meter di <a href="/wiki/Atas_min_aras_laut" title="Atas min aras laut">atas min aras laut</a>. Iklimnya kering dan panas, dengan hujan <a href="/wiki/Monsun" title="Monsun">monsun</a> timur laut antara Oktober hingga Disember. Hujan tahunan puratanya sekitar 85 cm. <a href="/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu">Suhu</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Musim_panas" title="Musim panas">musim panas</a> mencecah 40°C maksimum dan 26.3°C minimum, walaupun suhu melebihi 43°C juga agak biasa. Sebaliknya, suhu <a href="/wiki/Musim_sejuk" title="Musim sejuk">musim sejuk</a> berbeza-beza antara 29.6°C dan 18°C. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bahasa">Bahasa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Bahasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bahasa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tamil" title="Bahasa Tamil">Bahasa Tamil</a> ialah bahasa utama yang dituturkan di sekitar Madurai. Bagaimanapun, dialek "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Madurai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamil Madurai (laman tidak wujud)">Tamil Madurai</a>" agak berbeza dengan dialek Tamil yang lain seperti "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Kongu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamil Kongu (laman tidak wujud)">Tamil Kongu</a>", "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Nellai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamil Nellai (laman tidak wujud)">Tamil Nellai</a>", "Tamil Ramnad" dan "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Madras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamil Madras (laman tidak wujud)">Tamil Chennai</a>". Selain daripada bahasa Tamil, bahasa-bahasa lain yang dituturkan termasuk <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">bahasa Inggeris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telugu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telugu (laman tidak wujud)">Telugu</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saurashtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saurashtra (laman tidak wujud)">Saurashtra</a>. Sungguhpun demikian, sesetengah bahasa tersebut juga dicampurkan dengan bahasa Tamil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Demografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mengikut <a href="/wiki/Banci" title="Banci">banci</a> India <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bandar raya Madurai mempunyai 928,869 penghuni di dalam kawasan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbadanan_perbandaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbadanan perbandaran (laman tidak wujud)">perbadanan perbandaran</a>, dan 1,194,665 penghuni di dalam kawasan bandar. Lelaki terdiri daripada 51% jumlah penduduk. Justera, terdapat hanya 968 orang perempuan bagi setiap 1,000 orang lelaki.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadar_kenal_huruf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadar kenal huruf (laman tidak wujud)">Kadar kenal huruf</a> purata Madurai yang sebanyak 79% adalah jauh lebih tinggi daripada kadar <a href="/wiki/Kenal_huruf" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenal huruf">kenal huruf</a> purata negara sebanyak 59.5%. Kadar kenal huruf lelaki ialah 84%, manakala kadar perempuan ialah 74%. Di Madurai, 10% daripada jumlah penduduk berumur di bawah 6 tahun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Madurai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Madurai (laman tidak wujud)">Daerah Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Tamil_Madurai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Tamil Madurai (laman tidak wujud)">Dialek Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai_(kawasan_pilihan_raya_Lok_Sabha)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madurai (kawasan pilihan raya Lok Sabha) (laman tidak wujud)">Madurai (kawasan pilihan raya Lok Sabha)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_kolej_dan_institut_di_daerah_Madurai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai kolej dan institut di daerah Madurai (laman tidak wujud)">Senarai kolej dan institut di daerah Madurai</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Madurai?uselang=ms">Madurai</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001015924/http://www.hindu.com/2006/10/29/stories/2006102911600100.htm">"First woman Mayor for Madurai"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2006/10/29/stories/2006102911600100.htm">yang asal</a> pada 2007-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=First+woman+Mayor+for+Madurai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2006%2F10%2F29%2Fstories%2F2006102911600100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMadurai" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dateformat=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/India-TamilNadu.html">"Tamil Nādu - City Population - Cities, Towns & Provinces - Statistics & Map"</a>. Citypopulation.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2009-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tamil+N%C4%81du+-+City+Population+-+Cities%2C+Towns+%26+Provinces+-+Statistics+%26+Map&rft.pub=Citypopulation.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2FIndia-TamilNadu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMadurai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FrommersIndia-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FrommersIndia_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FrommersIndia_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FrommersIndia_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frommer's India By Pippa deBruyn, Keith Bain, Niloufer Venkatraman, Shonar Joshi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-http://www.madurai.com/madurai.htm-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-http://www.madurai.com/madurai.htm_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707203249/http://www.madurai.com/madurai.htm">"Madurai, Temple Town of South India. Cultural capital of Tamilnadu"</a>. Madurai.com. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madurai.com/madurai.htm">yang asal</a> pada 2009-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2009-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madurai%2C+Temple+Town+of+South+India.+Cultural+capital+of+Tamilnadu&rft.pub=Madurai.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madurai.com%2Fmadurai.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMadurai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-http://www.madurai.com/history.htm-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-http://www.madurai.com/history.htm_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-http://www.madurai.com/history.htm_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-http://www.madurai.com/history.htm_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madurai.com/history.htm">"History of Madurai"</a>. www.madurai.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2009-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Madurai&rft.pub=www.madurai.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madurai.com%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMadurai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229150410/http://www.nirvanatour.de/india/clima.html">"Carta Suhu dan Hujan"</a>. Nirvana Tour. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nirvanatour.de/india/clima.html">yang asal</a> pada 2008-12-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2008-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carta+Suhu+dan+Hujan&rft.pub=Nirvana+Tour&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nirvanatour.de%2Findia%2Fclima.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMadurai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madurai.com/general.htm">"Madurai General Information"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2008-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madurai+General+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madurai.com%2Fgeneral.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMadurai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/India-TamilNadu.html">"Tamil Nādu - City Population - Cities, Towns & Provinces - Statistics & Map"</a>. Citypopulation.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2009-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tamil+N%C4%81du+-+City+Population+-+Cities%2C+Towns+%26+Provinces+-+Statistics+%26+Map&rft.pub=Citypopulation.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2FIndia-TamilNadu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMadurai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304045935/http://www.tn.gov.in/dear/Women%20empower.pdf">"Women Development"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2009-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tn.gov.in%2Fdear%2FWomen%2520empower.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMadurai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharatrail.net/">Indian 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Tamil">Bangsa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Tamil_Nadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Tamil Nadu (laman tidak wujud)">Ekonomi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidupan_liar_di_Tamil_Nadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidupan liar di Tamil Nadu (laman tidak wujud)">Hidupan liar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kesusasteraan_Tamil" title="Kesusasteraan Tamil">Kesusasteraan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuil_di_Tamilnadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuil di Tamilnadu (laman tidak wujud)">Kuil</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masakan_Tamil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masakan Tamil (laman tidak wujud)">Masakan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzik_Tamil_kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzik Tamil kuno (laman tidak wujud)">Muzik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintahan_Tamil_Nadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintahan Tamil Nadu (laman tidak wujud)">Pemerintahan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politik_Tamil_Nadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politik Tamil Nadu (laman tidak wujud)">Politik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu#Sejarah" title="Tamil Nadu">Sejarah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kollywood" title="Kollywood">Seni perfileman</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_ibu_kota_negeri_dan_wilayah_kesatuan_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai ibu kota negeri dan wilayah kesatuan India (laman tidak wujud)">Ibu kota</a>:</b></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b>Burung negeri: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Emerald_Dove.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Emerald_Dove.JPG/40px-Emerald_Dove.JPG" decoding="async" width="40" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Emerald_Dove.JPG/60px-Emerald_Dove.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Emerald_Dove.JPG/80px-Emerald_Dove.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1547" data-file-height="1594" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emerald_Dove&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emerald Dove (laman tidak wujud)">Emerald Dove</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> Haiwan negeri: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Niltahr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Niltahr.jpg/60px-Niltahr.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Niltahr.jpg/90px-Niltahr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Niltahr.jpg/120px-Niltahr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilgiri_Tahr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nilgiri Tahr (laman tidak wujud)">Nilgiri Tahr</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> State Tree: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Borassus_flabellifer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Borassus_flabellifer.jpg/30px-Borassus_flabellifer.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Borassus_flabellifer.jpg/45px-Borassus_flabellifer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Borassus_flabellifer.jpg/60px-Borassus_flabellifer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_Tree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palm Tree (laman tidak wujud)">Palm Tree</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> Bunga negeri: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Gloriosa_superba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gloriosa_superba.jpg/70px-Gloriosa_superba.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gloriosa_superba.jpg/105px-Gloriosa_superba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gloriosa_superba.jpg/140px-Gloriosa_superba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="614" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloriosa_(tumbuhan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gloriosa (tumbuhan) (laman tidak wujud)">Gloriosa Lily</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_di_Tamil_Nadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah di Tamil Nadu (laman tidak wujud)">Daerah</a>:</b></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ariyalur" title="Ariyalur">Ariyalur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Chennai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Chennai (laman tidak wujud)">Chennai</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Daerah_Coimbatore" title="Daerah Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Cuddalore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Cuddalore (laman tidak wujud)">Cuddalore</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Dharmapuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Dharmapuri (laman tidak wujud)">Dharmapuri</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Dindigul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Dindigul (laman tidak wujud)">Dindigul</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Erode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Erode (laman tidak wujud)">Erode</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Kanchipuram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Kanchipuram (laman tidak wujud)">Kanchipuram</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Kanyakumari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Kanyakumari (laman tidak wujud)">Kanyakumari</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Karur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Karur (laman tidak wujud)">Karur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Krishnagiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Krishnagiri (laman tidak wujud)">Krishnagiri</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Madurai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Madurai (laman tidak wujud)">Madurai</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Nagapattinam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Nagapattinam (laman tidak wujud)">Nagapattinam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Namakkal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Namakkal (laman tidak wujud)">Namakkal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Perambalur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Perambalur (laman tidak wujud)">Perambalur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Pudukkottai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Pudukkottai (laman tidak wujud)">Pudukkottai</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Ramanathapuram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Ramanathapuram (laman tidak wujud)">Ramanathapuram</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Salem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Salem (laman tidak wujud)">Salem</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Sivaganga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Sivaganga (laman tidak wujud)">Sivaganga</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Thanjavur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Thanjavur (laman tidak wujud)">Thanjavur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_The_Nilgiris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah The Nilgiris (laman tidak wujud)">The Nilgiris</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Theni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Theni (laman tidak wujud)">Theni</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Thoothukudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Thoothukudi (laman tidak wujud)">Thoothukudi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Tiruchirapalli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Tiruchirapalli (laman tidak wujud)">Tiruchirapalli</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Tirunelveli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Tirunelveli (laman tidak wujud)">Tirunelveli</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Tirupur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Tirupur (laman tidak wujud)">Tirupur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Tiruvallur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Tiruvallur (laman tidak wujud)">Tiruvallur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Tiruvannamalai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Tiruvannamalai (laman tidak wujud)">Tiruvannamalai</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Tiruvarur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Tiruvarur (laman tidak wujud)">Tiruvarur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Vellore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Vellore (laman tidak wujud)">Vellore</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Viluppuram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Viluppuram (laman tidak wujud)">Viluppuram</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Virudhunagar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Virudhunagar (laman tidak wujud)">Virudhunagar</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Bandar raya utama:</b></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Erode" title="Erode">Erode</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madurai</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Tamil_Nadu" title="Salem, Tamil Nadu">Salem</a></b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirapalli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiruchirapalli (laman tidak wujud)">Tiruchirapalli</a></b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Tirunelveli" title="Tirunelveli">Tirunelveli</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tirupur (laman tidak wujud)">Tirupur</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuticorin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuticorin (laman tidak wujud)">Tuticorin</a></b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Vellore" title="Vellore">Vellore</a></b> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_terlindung_di_Tamil_Nadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan terlindung di Tamil Nadu (laman tidak wujud)">Kawasan terlindung</a>:</b></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_terlindung_di_Tamil_Nadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan terlindung di Tamil Nadu (laman tidak wujud)"><b>Simpanan Biosfera</b></a>:<b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> </b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simpanan_Biosfera_Agasthyamalai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simpanan Biosfera Agasthyamalai (laman tidak wujud)">Simpanan Biosfera Agasthyamalai</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simpanan_Biosfera_Nilgiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simpanan Biosfera Nilgiri (laman tidak wujud)">Simpanan Biosfera Nilgiri</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Mannar" title="Teluk Mannar">Simpanan Biosfera Teluk Mannar</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_terlindung_di_Tamil_Nadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan terlindung di Tamil Nadu (laman tidak wujud)"><b>Taman Negara</b></a>:<b> </b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Negara_Bukit_Palani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Negara Bukit Palani (laman tidak wujud)">Taman Negara Bukit Palani</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Negara_Guindy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Negara Guindy (laman tidak wujud)">Taman Negara Guindy</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Negara_Indira_Gandhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Negara Indira Gandhi (laman tidak wujud)">Taman Negara Indira Gandhi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Negara_Marin_Teluk_Mannar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Negara Marin Teluk Mannar (laman tidak wujud)">Taman Negara Marin Teluk Mannar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Negara_Mudumalai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Negara Mudumalai (laman tidak wujud)">Taman Negara Mudumalai</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Negara_Mukurthi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Negara Mukurthi (laman tidak wujud)">Taman Negara Mukurthi</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_terlindung_di_Tamil_Nadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan terlindung di Tamil Nadu (laman tidak wujud)"><b>Taman Mergastua</b></a>:<b> </b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Mergastua_Grizzled_Squirrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Mergastua Grizzled Squirrel (laman tidak wujud)">Taman Mergastua Grizzled Squirrel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Mergastua_Vallanadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Mergastua Vallanadu (laman tidak wujud)">Taman Mergastua Vallanadu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Mergastua_dan_Burung_Point_Calimere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Mergastua dan Burung Point Calimere (laman tidak wujud)">Taman Mergastua dan Burung Point Calimere</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_terlindung_di_Tamil_Nadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan terlindung di Tamil Nadu (laman tidak wujud)"><b>Taman Unggas</b></a>:<b></b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Unggas_Koothankulam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Unggas Koothankulam (laman tidak wujud)">Taman Unggas Koothankulam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Unggas_Tasik_Pulicat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Unggas Tasik Pulicat (laman tidak wujud)">Taman Unggas Tasik Pulicat</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_terlindung_di_Tamil_Nadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan terlindung di Tamil Nadu (laman tidak wujud)"><b>Simpanan pemuliharaan</b></a>:<b></b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simpanan_Pemuliharaan_Tiruvidaimarudur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simpanan Pemuliharaan Tiruvidaimarudur (laman tidak wujud)">Simpanan Pemuliharaan Tiruvidaimarudur</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Tamil_Nadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Tamil Nadu (laman tidak wujud)">Portal Tamil Nadu</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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