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vehicles</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: new energy vehicles"> <meta name="keywords" content="new energy vehicles"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="new energy vehicles"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9331</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: new energy vehicles</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9211</span> Map Matching Performance under Various Similarity Metrics for Heterogeneous Robot Teams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20C.%20Akay">M. C. Akay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aybakan"> A. Aybakan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Temeltas"> H. Temeltas </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aerial and ground robots have various advantages of usage in different missions. Aerial robots can move quickly and get a different sight of view of the area, but those vehicles cannot carry heavy payloads. On the other hand, unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) are slow moving vehicles, since those can carry heavier payloads than unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In this context, we investigate the performances of various Similarity Metrics to provide a common map for Heterogeneous Robot Team (HRT) in complex environments. Within the usage of Lidar Odometry and Octree Mapping technique, the local 3D maps of the environment are gathered.  In order to obtain a common map for HRT, informative theoretic similarity metrics are exploited. All types of these similarity metrics gave adequate as allowable simulation time and accurate results that can be used in different types of applications. For the heterogeneous multi robot team, those methods can be used to match different types of maps. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20maps" title="common maps">common maps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20robot%20team" title=" heterogeneous robot team"> heterogeneous robot team</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=map%20matching" title=" map matching"> map matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informative%20theoretic%20similarity%20metrics" title=" informative theoretic similarity metrics"> informative theoretic similarity metrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99098/map-matching-performance-under-various-similarity-metrics-for-heterogeneous-robot-teams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9210</span> [Keynote Talk]: Aerodynamic Effects of Ice and Its Influences on Flight Characteristics of Low Speed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20McAndrew">I. McAndrew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20L.%20Witcher"> K. L. Witcher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Navarro"> E. Navarro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the theory and application of low speed flight for unmanned aerial vehicles when subjected to surface environmental conditions such as ice on the leading edge and upper surface. A model was developed and tested in a wind tunnel to see how theory compares with practice at various speed including take-off, landing and operational applications where head winds substantially alter parameters. Furthermore, a comparison is drawn with maned operations and how that this subject is currently under supported with accurate theory or knowledge for designers or operators to make informed decision or accommodate individual applications. The effects of ice formation for lift and drag are determined for a range of different angles of attacks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20speed%20flight" title=" low speed flight"> low speed flight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20vehicles" title=" unmanned vehicles"> unmanned vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20influences" title=" environmental influences"> environmental influences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39283/keynote-talk-aerodynamic-effects-of-ice-and-its-influences-on-flight-characteristics-of-low-speed-unmanned-aerial-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9209</span> Data-Driven Simulations Tools for Der and Battery Rich Power Grids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Moradiamani">Ali Moradiamani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaneh%20Sadat%20Sajjadi"> Samaneh Sadat Sajjadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Jalili"> Mahdi Jalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Power system analysis has been a major research topic in the generation and distribution sections, in both industry and academia, for a long time. Several load flow and fault analysis scenarios have been normally performed to study the performance of different parts of the grid in the context of, for example, voltage and frequency control. Software tools, such as PSCAD, PSSE, and PowerFactory DIgSILENT, have been developed to perform these analyses accurately. Distribution grid had been the passive part of the grid and had been known as the grid of consumers. However, a significant paradigm shift has happened with the emergence of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in the distribution level. It means that the concept of power system analysis needs to be extended to the distribution grid, especially considering self sufficient technologies such as microgrids. Compared to the generation and transmission levels, the distribution level includes significantly more generation/consumption nodes thanks to PV rooftop solar generation and battery energy storage systems. In addition, different consumption profile is expected from household residents resulting in a diverse set of scenarios. Emergence of electric vehicles will absolutely make the environment more complicated considering their charging (and possibly discharging) requirements. These complexities, as well as the large size of distribution grids, create challenges for the available power system analysis software. In this paper, we study the requirements of simulation tools in the distribution grid and how data-driven algorithms are required to increase the accuracy of the simulation results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grids" title="smart grids">smart grids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20energy%20resources" title=" distributed energy resources"> distributed energy resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicles" title=" electric vehicles"> electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20storage%20systsms" title=" battery storage systsms"> battery storage systsms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20tools" title=" simulation tools"> simulation tools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155397/data-driven-simulations-tools-for-der-and-battery-rich-power-grids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9208</span> Transition Pathways of Commercial-Urban Fleet Electrification </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emily%20Gould">Emily Gould</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walter%20Wehremeyer"> Walter Wehremeyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Greaves"> David Greaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodney%20Turtle"> Rodney Turtle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper considers current thinking on the pathway for electric vehicles, identifying the development blocks of alternative innovation within the market and analyse technological lock-in. The relationship between transition pathways and technological lock-in is largely under-researched particularly in the field of e-mobility. This paper is based on a study with three commercial-urban fleets that examines strategic decisions in new technology adaption alongside vehicle procurement and driver perspective. The paper will analyse the fleet’s decision matrix upon electric vehicles and seek to understand the influence of company culture, strategy and technology applicability, within the context of transition pathways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicles" title="electric vehicles">electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fleets" title=" fleets"> fleets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20dependencies" title=" path dependencies"> path dependencies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20pathways" title=" transition pathways"> transition pathways</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17366/transition-pathways-of-commercial-urban-fleet-electrification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">568</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9207</span> Analysis of Magnesium Alloy Wheel Forming Technologies for Light Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Dziubinska">Anna Dziubinska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The applications of magnesium alloys in transport include all kinds of vehicle wheels for cars, motorcycles, bicycles, trolleys, etc. Modern technologies of manufacturing products from these materials have been noticeably improved recently, creating new possibilities for their application. Continuously developed technologies for forming Mg alloys must not be overlooked, which make it possible to manufacture products with better properties compared to those obtained by casting only. The article reviews the specialized literature on magnesium wheel forming and presents a concept of technology for forging magnesium wheels for light vehicles from cast preforms. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Norway Grants 2014-2021 via the National Centre for Research and Development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forming" title="forming">forming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forging" title=" forging"> forging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20alloy" title=" magnesium alloy"> magnesium alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheels" title=" wheels"> wheels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicles" title=" vehicles"> vehicles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152303/analysis-of-magnesium-alloy-wheel-forming-technologies-for-light-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9206</span> Simulation of Technological, Energy and GHG Comparison between a Conventional Diesel Bus and E-bus: Feasibility to Promote E-bus Change in High Lands Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riofrio%20Jonathan">Riofrio Jonathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernandez%20Guillermo"> Fernandez Guillermo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Renewable energy represented around 80% of the energy matrix for power generation in Ecuador during 2020, so the deployment of current public policies is focused on taking advantage of the high presence of renewable sources to carry out several electrification projects. These projects are part of the portfolio sent to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as a commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the established national determined contribution (NDC). In this sense, the Ecuadorian Organic Energy Efficiency Law (LOEE) published in 2019 promotes E-mobility as one of the main milestones. In fact, it states that the new vehicles for urban and interurban usage must be E-buses since 2025. As a result, and for a successful implementation of this technological change in a national context, it is important to deploy land surveys focused on technical and geographical areas to keep the quality of services in both the electricity and transport sectors. Therefore, this research presents a technological and energy comparison between a conventional diesel bus and its equivalent E-bus. Both vehicles fulfill all the technical requirements to ride in the study-case city, which is Ambato in the province of Tungurahua-Ecuador. In addition, the analysis includes the development of a model for the energy estimation of both technologies that are especially applied in a highland city such as Ambato. The altimetry of the most important bus routes in the city varies from 2557 to 3200 m.a.s.l., respectively, for the lowest and highest points. These operation conditions provide a grade of novelty to this paper. Complementary, the technical specifications of diesel buses are defined following the common features of buses registered in Ambato. On the other hand, the specifications for E-buses come from the most common units introduced in Latin America because there is not enough evidence in similar cities at the moment. The achieved results will be good input data for decision-makers since electric demand forecast, energy savings, costs, and greenhouse gases emissions are computed. Indeed, GHG is important because it allows reporting the transparency framework that it is part of the Paris Agreement. Finally, the presented results correspond to stage I of the called project “Analysis and Prospective of Electromobility in Ecuador and Energy Mix towards 2030” supported by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20altitude%20cities" title="high altitude cities">high altitude cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20planning" title=" energy planning"> energy planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NDC" title=" NDC"> NDC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-buses" title=" e-buses"> e-buses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-mobility" title=" e-mobility"> e-mobility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142982/simulation-of-technological-energy-and-ghg-comparison-between-a-conventional-diesel-bus-and-e-bus-feasibility-to-promote-e-bus-change-in-high-lands-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9205</span> Systematic Approach for Energy-Supply-Orientated Production Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Keller">F. Keller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Reinhart"> G. Reinhart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficient and economic allocation of resources is one main goal in the field of production planning and control. Nowadays, a new variable gains in importance throughout the planning process: Energy. Energy-efficiency has already been widely discussed in literature, but with a strong focus on reducing the overall amount of energy used in production. This paper provides a brief systematic approach, how energy-supply-orientation can be used for an energy-cost-efficient production planning and thus combining the idea of energy-efficiency and energy-flexibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20planning" title="production planning">production planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20control" title=" production control"> production control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-efficiency" title=" energy-efficiency"> energy-efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-flexibility" title=" energy-flexibility"> energy-flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-supply" title=" energy-supply"> energy-supply</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26038/systematic-approach-for-energy-supply-orientated-production-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">648</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9204</span> Design and Development of a Prototype Vehicle for Shell Eco-Marathon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Dol">S. S. Dol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Improvement in vehicle efficiency can reduce global fossil fuels consumptions. For that sole reason, Shell Global Corporation introduces Shell Eco-marathon where student teams require to design, build and test energy-efficient vehicles. Hence, this paper will focus on design processes and the development of a fuel economic vehicle which satisfying the requirements of the competition. In this project, three components are designed and analyzed, which are the body, chassis and powertrain of the vehicle. Optimum design for each component is produced through simulation analysis and theoretical calculation in which improvement is made as the project progresses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficient" title="energy efficient">energy efficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag%20force" title=" drag force"> drag force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chassis" title=" chassis"> chassis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powertrain" title=" powertrain"> powertrain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47858/design-and-development-of-a-prototype-vehicle-for-shell-eco-marathon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9203</span> Drivetrain Comparison and Selection Approach for Armored Wheeled Hybrid Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%87a%C4%9Fr%C4%B1%20Bekir%20Baysal">Çağrı Bekir Baysal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%B6ktu%C4%9F%20Burak%20%C3%87al%C4%B1k"> Göktuğ Burak Çalık</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Armored vehicles may have different traction layouts as a result of terrain capabilities and mobility needs. Two main categories of layouts can be separated as wheeled and tracked. Tracked vehicles have superior off-road capabilities but what they gain on terrain performance they lose on mobility front. Wheeled vehicles on the other hand do not have as good terrain capabilities as tracked vehicles but they have superior mobility capabilities such as top speed, range and agility with respect to tracked vehicles. Conventional armored vehicles employ a diesel ICE as main power source. In these vehicles ICE is mechanically connected to the powertrain. This determines the ICE rpm as a result of speed and torque requested by the driver. ICE efficiency changes drastically with torque and speed required and conventional vehicles suffer in terms of fuel consumption because of this. Hybrid electric vehicles employ at least one electric motor in order to improve fuel efficiency. There are different types of hybrid vehicles but main types are Series Hybrid, Parallel Hybrid and Series-Parallel Hybrid. These vehicles introduce an electric motor for traction and also can have a generator electric motor for range extending purposes. Having an electric motor as the traction power source brings the flexibility of either using the ICE as an alternative traction source while it is in efficient range or completely separating the ICE from traction and using it solely considering efficiency. Hybrid configurations have additional advantages for armored vehicles in addition to fuel efficiency. Heat signature, silent operation and prolonged stationary missions can be possible with the help of the high-power battery pack that will be present in the vehicle for hybrid drivetrain. Because of the reasons explained, hybrid armored vehicles are becoming a target area for military and also for vehicle suppliers. In order to have a better idea and starting point when starting a hybrid armored vehicle design, hybrid drivetrain configuration has to be selected after performing a trade-off study. This study has to include vehicle mobility simulations, integration level, vehicle level and performance level criteria. In this study different hybrid traction configurations possible for an 8x8 vehicle is compared using above mentioned criteria set. In order to compare hybrid traction configurations ease of application, cost, weight advantage, reliability, maintainability, redundancy and performance criteria have been used. Performance criteria points have been defined with the help of vehicle simulations and tests. Results of these simulations and tests also help determining required tractive power for an armored vehicle including conditions like trench and obstacle crossing, gradient climb. With the method explained in this study, each configuration is assigned a point for each criterion. This way, correct configuration can be selected objectively for every application. Also, key aspects of armored vehicles, mine protection and ballistic protection will be considered for hybrid configurations. Results are expected to vary for different types of vehicles but it is observed that having longitudinal differential locking capability improves mobility and having high motor count increases complexity in general. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=armored%20vehicles" title="armored vehicles">armored vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20drivetrain" title=" electric drivetrain"> electric drivetrain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20mobility" title=" electric mobility"> electric mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20vehicles" title=" hybrid vehicles"> hybrid vehicles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163826/drivetrain-comparison-and-selection-approach-for-armored-wheeled-hybrid-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9202</span> Power Generating Embedment beneath Vehicle Traffic Asphalt Roads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Khalil">Ahmed Khalil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The discoveries in material sciences create an impulse in renewable energy transmission. Application techniques become more accessible by applied sciences. Variety of materials, application methods, and performance analyzing techniques can convert daily life functions to energy sources. These functions not only include natural sources like sun, wind, or water but also comprise the motion of tools used by human beings. In line with this, vehicles' motion, speed and weights come to the scene as energy sources together with piezoelectric nano-generators beneath the roads. Numerous application examples are put forward with repeated average performance, versus the differentiating challenges depending on geography and project conditions. Such holistic approach provides way for feed backs on research and improvement process of nano-generators beneath asphalt roads. This paper introduces the specific application methods of piezoelectric nano-generator beneath asphalt roads of Ahmadi Township in Kuwait. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-generator%20pavements" title="nano-generator pavements">nano-generator pavements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric" title=" piezoelectric"> piezoelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transducer" title=" transducer "> transducer </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122578/power-generating-embedment-beneath-vehicle-traffic-asphalt-roads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9201</span> Metropolis-Hastings Sampling Approach for High Dimensional Testing Methods of Autonomous Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nacer%20Eddine%20Chelbi">Nacer Eddine Chelbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayet%20Bagane"> Ayet Bagane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annie%20Saleh"> Annie Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claude%20Sauvageau"> Claude Sauvageau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Gingras"> Denis Gingras</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As recently stated by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), to demonstrate the expected performance of a highly automated vehicles system, test approaches should include a combination of simulation, test track, and on-road testing. In this paper, we propose a new validation method for autonomous vehicles involving on-road tests (Field Operational Tests), test track (Test Matrix) and simulation (Worst Case Scenarios). We concentrate our discussion on the simulation aspects, in particular, we extend recent work based on Importance Sampling by using a Metropolis-Hasting algorithm (MHS) to sample collected data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) in lane-change scenarios. Our proposed MH sampling method will be compared to the Importance Sampling method, which does not perform well in high-dimensional problems. The importance of this study is to obtain a sampler that could be applied to high dimensional simulation problems in order to reduce and optimize the number of test scenarios that are necessary for validation and certification of autonomous vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20driving" title="automated driving">automated driving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20emergency%20braking%20%28AEB%29" title=" autonomous emergency braking (AEB)"> autonomous emergency braking (AEB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20vehicles" title=" autonomous vehicles"> autonomous vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certification" title=" certification"> certification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=importance%20sampling" title=" importance sampling"> importance sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metropolis-hastings%20sampling" title=" metropolis-hastings sampling"> metropolis-hastings sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tests" title=" tests"> tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60389/metropolis-hastings-sampling-approach-for-high-dimensional-testing-methods-of-autonomous-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9200</span> Using Finite Element to Predict Failure of Light Weight Bridges Due to Vehicles Impact: Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20H.%20Almasria">Amin H. Almasria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajai%20Z.%20Alrousanb"> Rajai Z. Alrousanb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Harith%20Manasrah"> Al-Harith Manasrah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The collapse of a light weight pedestrian bridges due to vehicle collision is investigated and studied in detail using a dynamic nonlinear finite element analysis. Typical bridge widely used in Jordan is studied and modeled under truck collision using one dimensional beam finite element in order to minimize analysis time due to the dynamic nature of the problem. Truck collision with the bridge is simulated at different speeds and locations of collisions using dynamic explicit finite element scheme with material nonlinearity taken into account. Energy absorption of bridge is investigated through principle of energy conservation, where truck kinetic energy is assumed to be stored in the bridge as strain energy. Weak failure points in the bridges were identified, and modifications are proposed in order to strengthen the bridge structure and prevent total collapse. The proposed design modifications on bridge structure were successful in allowing the bridge to fail locally rather than globally and expected to help in saving lives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title="finite element method">finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20impact" title=" dynamic impact"> dynamic impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian%20bridges" title=" pedestrian bridges"> pedestrian bridges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20energy" title=" strain energy"> strain energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20failure" title=" collapse failure"> collapse failure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20714/using-finite-element-to-predict-failure-of-light-weight-bridges-due-to-vehicles-impact-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">624</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9199</span> A Review of Current Trends in Grid Balancing Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kulkarni%20Rohini%20D.">Kulkarni Rohini D.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While emerging as plausible sources of energy generation, new technologies, including photovoltaic (PV) solar panels, home battery energy storage systems, and electric vehicles (EVs), are exacerbating the operations of power distribution networks for distribution network operators (DNOs). Renewable energy production fluctuates, stemming in over- and under-generation energy, further complicating the issue of storing excess power and using it when necessary. Though renewable sources are non-exhausting and reoccurring, power storage of generated energy is almost as paramount as to its production process. Hence, to ensure smooth and efficient power storage at different levels, Grid balancing technologies are consequently the next theme to address in the sustainable space and growth sector. But, since hydrogen batteries were used in the earlier days to achieve this balance in power grids, new, recent advancements are more efficient and capable per unit of storage space while also being distinctive in terms of their underlying operating principles. The underlying technologies of "Flow batteries," "Gravity Solutions," and "Graphene Batteries" already have entered the market and are leading the race for efficient storage device solutions that will improve and stabilize Grid networks, followed by Grid balancing technologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20batteries" title="flow batteries">flow batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid%20balancing" title=" grid balancing"> grid balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20batteries" title=" hydrogen batteries"> hydrogen batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20storage" title=" power storage"> power storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar" title=" solar"> solar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172781/a-review-of-current-trends-in-grid-balancing-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9198</span> The Impact of Autonomous Driving on Cities of the Future: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maximilian%20A.%20Richter">Maximilian A. Richter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The public authority needs to understand the role and impacts of autonomous vehicle (AV) on the mobility system. At present, however, research shows that the impact of AV on cities varies. As a consequence, it is difficult to make recommendations to policymakers on how they should prepare for the future when so much remains unknown about this technology. The study aims to provide an overview of the literature on how autonomous vehicles will affect the cities and traffic of the future. To this purpose, the most important studies are first selected, and their results summarized. Further on, it will be clarified which advantages AV have for cities and how it can lead to an improvement in the current problems/challenges of cities. To achieve the research aim and objectives, this paper approaches a literature review. For this purpose, in a first step, the most important studies are extracted. This is limited to studies that are peer-reviewed and have been published in high-ranked journals such as the Journal of Transportation: Part A. In step 2, the most important key performance indicator (KPIs) (such as traffic volume or energy consumption) are selected from the literature research. Due to the fact that different terms are used in the literature for similar statements/KPIs, these must first be clustered. Furthermore, for each cluster, the changes from the respective studies are compiled, as well as their survey methodology. In step 3, a sensitivity analysis per cluster is made. Here, it will be analyzed how the different studies come to their findings and on which assumptions, scenarios, and methods these calculations are based. From the results of the sensitivity analysis, the success factors for the implementation of autonomous vehicles are drawn, and statements are made under which conditions AVs can be successful. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20vehicles" title="autonomous vehicles">autonomous vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20of%20the%20future" title=" city of the future"> city of the future</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature%20review" title=" literature review"> literature review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20simulations" title=" traffic simulations"> traffic simulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121061/the-impact-of-autonomous-driving-on-cities-of-the-future-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9197</span> Impact of Design Choices on the Life Cycle Energy of Modern Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahsa%20Karimpour">Mahsa Karimpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Belusko"> Martin Belusko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ke%20Xing"> Ke Xing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Bruno"> Frank Bruno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditionally the embodied energy of design choices which reduce operational energy were assumed to have a negligible impact on the life cycle energy of buildings. However with new buildings having considerably lower operational energy, the significance of embodied energy increases. A life cycle assessment of a population of house designs was conducted in a mild and mixed climate zone. It was determined not only that embodied energy dominates life cycle energy, but that the impact on embodied of design choices was of equal significance to the impact on operational energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20life%20cycle%20energy" title="building life cycle energy">building life cycle energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20energy" title=" embodied energy"> embodied energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20design%20measures" title=" energy design measures"> energy design measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20energy%20buildings" title=" low energy buildings"> low energy buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28025/impact-of-design-choices-on-the-life-cycle-energy-of-modern-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">771</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9196</span> Estimating Directional Shadow Prices of Air Pollutant Emissions by Transportation Modes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huey-Kuo%20Chen">Huey-Kuo Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper applies directional marginal productivity model to study the shadow price of emissions by transportation modes in the years of 2011 and 2013 with the aim to provide a reference for policy makers to improve the emission of pollutants. One input variable (i.e., energy consumption), one desirable output variable (i.e., vehicle kilometers traveled) and three undesirable output variables (i.e., carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides) generated by road transportation modes were used to evaluate directional marginal productivity and directional shadow price for 18 transportation modes. The results show that the directional shadow price (DSP) of SOx is much higher than CO2 and NOx. Nevertheless, the emission of CO2 is the largest among the three kinds of pollutants. To improve the air quality, the government should pay more attention to the emission of CO2 and apply the alternative solution such as promoting public transportation and subsidizing electric vehicles to reduce the use of private vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginal%20productivity" title="marginal productivity">marginal productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transportation%20modes" title=" road transportation modes"> road transportation modes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shadow%20price" title=" shadow price"> shadow price</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undesirable%20outputs" title=" undesirable outputs"> undesirable outputs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123589/estimating-directional-shadow-prices-of-air-pollutant-emissions-by-transportation-modes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9195</span> Analysis of Electric Mobility in the European Union: Forecasting 2035</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Domenico%20Carmelo%20Mongelli">Domenico Carmelo Mongelli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The context is that of great uncertainty in the 27 countries belonging to the European Union which has adopted an epochal measure: the elimination of internal combustion engines for the traction of road vehicles starting from 2035 with complete replacement with electric vehicles. If on the one hand there is great concern at various levels for the unpreparedness for this change, on the other the Scientific Community is not preparing accurate studies on the problem, as the scientific literature deals with single aspects of the issue, moreover addressing the issue at the level of individual countries, losing sight of the global implications of the issue for the entire EU. The aim of the research is to fill these gaps: the technological, plant engineering, environmental, economic and employment aspects of the energy transition in question are addressed and connected to each other, comparing the current situation with the different scenarios that could exist in 2035 and in the following years until total disposal of the internal combustion engine vehicle fleet for the entire EU. The methodologies adopted by the research consist in the analysis of the entire life cycle of electric vehicles and batteries, through the use of specific databases, and in the dynamic simulation, using specific calculation codes, of the application of the results of this analysis to the entire EU electric vehicle fleet from 2035 onwards. Energy balance sheets will be drawn up (to evaluate the net energy saved), plant balance sheets (to determine the surplus demand for power and electrical energy required and the sizing of new plants from renewable sources to cover electricity needs), economic balance sheets (to determine the investment costs for this transition, the savings during the operation phase and the payback times of the initial investments), the environmental balances (with the different energy mix scenarios in anticipation of 2035, the reductions in CO2eq and the environmental effects are determined resulting from the increase in the production of lithium for batteries), the employment balances (it is estimated how many jobs will be lost and recovered in the reconversion of the automotive industry, related industries and in the refining, distribution and sale of petroleum products and how many will be products for technological innovation, the increase in demand for electricity, the construction and management of street electric columns). New algorithms for forecast optimization are developed, tested and validated. Compared to other published material, the research adds an overall picture of the energy transition, capturing the advantages and disadvantages of the different aspects, evaluating the entities and improvement solutions in an organic overall picture of the topic. The results achieved allow us to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the energy transition, to determine the possible solutions to mitigate these weaknesses and to simulate and then evaluate their effects, establishing the most suitable solutions to make this transition feasible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engines" title="engines">engines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Europe" title=" Europe"> Europe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title=" mobility"> mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition" title=" transition"> transition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177070/analysis-of-electric-mobility-in-the-european-union-forecasting-2035" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9194</span> Neural Network Approach to Classifying Truck Traffic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ren%20Moses">Ren Moses</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The process of classifying vehicles on a highway is hereby viewed as a pattern recognition problem in which connectionist techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN) can be used to assign vehicles to their correct classes and hence to establish optimum axle spacing thresholds. In the United States, vehicles are typically classified into 13 classes using a methodology commonly referred to as “Scheme F”. In this research, the ANN model was developed, trained, and applied to field data of vehicles. The data comprised of three vehicular features—axle spacing, number of axles per vehicle, and overall vehicle weight. The ANN reduced the classification error rate from 9.5 percent to 6.2 percent when compared to an existing classification algorithm that is not ANN-based and which uses two vehicular features for classification, that is, axle spacing and number of axles. The inclusion of overall vehicle weight as a third classification variable further reduced the error rate from 6.2 percent to only 3.0 percent. The promising results from the neural networks were used to set up new thresholds that reduce classification error rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks" title="artificial neural networks">artificial neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20classification" title=" vehicle classification"> vehicle classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20flow" title=" traffic flow"> traffic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20analysis" title=" traffic analysis"> traffic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20highway%20opera-tions" title=" and highway opera-tions"> and highway opera-tions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15762/neural-network-approach-to-classifying-truck-traffic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9193</span> The Analysis of the Challenge China’s Energy Transition Faces and Proposed Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuhang%20Wang">Yuhang Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As energy is vital to industrial productivity and human existence, ensuring energy security becomes a critical government responsibility. The Chinese government has implemented the energy transition to safeguard China’s energy security. Throughout this progression, the Chinese government has faced numerous obstacles. This article seeks to describe the causes of China’s energy transition barriers and the steps taken by the Chinese government to overcome them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20transition" title="energy transition">energy transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20market" title=" energy market"> energy market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fragmentation" title=" fragmentation"> fragmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20dependency" title=" path dependency"> path dependency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162183/the-analysis-of-the-challenge-chinas-energy-transition-faces-and-proposed-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9192</span> Comprehensive Study of Renewable Energy Resources and Present Scenario in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aparna%20Bhat">Aparna Bhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajeshwari%20Hegde"> Rajeshwari Hegde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Renewable energy sources also called non-conventional energy sources that are continuously replenished by natural processes. For example, solar energy, wind energy, bio-energy- bio-fuels grown sustain ably), hydropower etc., are some of the examples of renewable energy sources. A renewable energy system converts the energy found in sunlight, wind, falling-water, sea-waves, geothermal heat, or biomass into a form, we can use such as heat or electricity. Most of the renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from sun and wind and can never be exhausted, and therefore they are called renewable. This paper presents a review about conventional and renewable energy scenario of India. The paper also presents current status, major achievements and future aspects of renewable energy in India and implementing renewable for the future is also been presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title="solar energy">solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewabe%20energy" title=" renewabe energy"> renewabe energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy" title=" wind energy"> wind energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-diesel" title=" bio-diesel"> bio-diesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedin" title=" feedin"> feedin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19854/comprehensive-study-of-renewable-energy-resources-and-present-scenario-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">614</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9191</span> Vehicle Routing Problem with Mixed Fleet of Conventional and Heterogenous Electric Vehicles and Time Dependent Charging Costs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ons%20Sassi">Ons Sassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wahiba%20Ramdane%20Cherif-Khettaf"> Wahiba Ramdane Cherif-Khettaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Oulamara"> Ammar Oulamara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we consider a new real-life Heterogenous Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Dependant Charging Costs and a Mixed Fleet (HEVRP-TDMF), in which a set of geographically scattered customers have to be served by a mixed fleet of vehicles composed of a heterogenous fleet of Electric Vehicles (EVs), having different battery capacities and operating costs, and Conventional Vehicles (CVs). We include the possibility of charging EVs in the available charging stations during the routes in order to serve all customers. Each charging station offers charging service with a known technology of chargers and time-dependent charging costs. Charging stations are also subject to operating time windows constraints. EVs are not necessarily compatible with all available charging technologies and a partial charging is allowed. Intermittent charging at the depot is also allowed provided that constraints related to the electricity grid are satisfied. The objective is to minimize the number of employed vehicles and then minimize the total travel and charging costs. In this study, we present a Mixed Integer Programming Model and develop a Charging Routing Heuristic and a Local Search Heuristic based on the Inject-Eject routine with three different insertion strategies. All heuristics are tested on real data instances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charging%20problem" title="charging problem">charging problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title=" electric vehicle"> electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heuristics" title=" heuristics"> heuristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20search" title=" local search"> local search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routing%20problem" title=" routing problem"> routing problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19969/vehicle-routing-problem-with-mixed-fleet-of-conventional-and-heterogenous-electric-vehicles-and-time-dependent-charging-costs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9190</span> Distributed Coordination of Connected and Automated Vehicles at Multiple Interconnected Intersections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiyuan%20Du">Zhiyuan Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baisravan%20Hom%20Chaudhuri"> Baisravan Hom Chaudhuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierluigi%20Pisu"> Pierluigi Pisu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In connected vehicle systems where wireless communication is available among the involved vehicles and intersection controllers, it is possible to design an intersection coordination strategy that leads the connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) travel through the road intersections without the conventional traffic light control. In this paper, we present a distributed coordination strategy for the CAVs at multiple interconnected intersections that aims at improving system fuel efficiency and system mobility. We present a distributed control solution where in the higher level, the intersection controllers calculate the road desired average velocity and optimally assign reference velocities of each vehicle. In the lower level, every vehicle is considered to use model predictive control (MPC) to track their reference velocity obtained from the higher level controller. The proposed method has been implemented on a simulation-based case with two-interconnected intersection network. Additionally, the effects of mixed vehicle types on the coordination strategy has been explored. Simulation results indicate the improvement on vehicle fuel efficiency and traffic mobility of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connected%20vehicles" title="connected vehicles">connected vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20vehicles" title=" automated vehicles"> automated vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection%20coordination%20systems" title=" intersection coordination systems"> intersection coordination systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20interconnected%20intersections" title=" multiple interconnected intersections"> multiple interconnected intersections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20predictive%20control" title=" model predictive control"> model predictive control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43195/distributed-coordination-of-connected-and-automated-vehicles-at-multiple-interconnected-intersections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9189</span> A Polynomial Time Clustering Algorithm for Solving the Assignment Problem in the Vehicle Routing Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lydia%20Wahid">Lydia Wahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20F.%20Ahmed"> Mona F. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nevin%20Darwish"> Nevin Darwish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The vehicle routing problem (VRP) consists of a group of customers that needs to be served. Each customer has a certain demand of goods. A central depot having a fleet of vehicles is responsible for supplying the customers with their demands. The problem is composed of two subproblems: The first subproblem is an assignment problem where the number of vehicles that will be used as well as the customers assigned to each vehicle are determined. The second subproblem is the routing problem in which for each vehicle having a number of customers assigned to it, the order of visits of the customers is determined. Optimal number of vehicles, as well as optimal total distance, should be achieved. In this paper, an approach for solving the first subproblem (the assignment problem) is presented. In the approach, a clustering algorithm is proposed for finding the optimal number of vehicles by grouping the customers into clusters where each cluster is visited by one vehicle. Finding the optimal number of clusters is NP-hard. This work presents a polynomial time clustering algorithm for finding the optimal number of clusters and solving the assignment problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20routing%20problems" title="vehicle routing problems">vehicle routing problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering%20algorithms" title=" clustering algorithms"> clustering algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarke%20and%20Wright%20Saving%20Method" title=" Clarke and Wright Saving Method"> Clarke and Wright Saving Method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agglomerative%20hierarchical%20clustering" title=" agglomerative hierarchical clustering"> agglomerative hierarchical clustering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85552/a-polynomial-time-clustering-algorithm-for-solving-the-assignment-problem-in-the-vehicle-routing-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9188</span> High-Performance Supercapacitors with Activated Carbon and Nickel Sulfide Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarita%20Sindhu">Sarita Sindhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinay%20Kumar"> Vinay Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing demand for efficient energy storage in applications such as portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems has emphasized the need for advanced energy storage materials. This study addresses the pressing need for efficient energy storage materials by exploring the synthesis and application of a composite of activated carbon (AC) and nickel sulfide (NiS) for supercapacitors. Activated carbon, possessing high surface area and excellent electrochemical stability, was combined with nickel sulfide, a transition metal sulfide with high theoretical capacitance, to enhance the electrochemical performance of the composite material. Characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed to analyze the morphology, crystalline structure, and bonding characteristics, confirming the successful formation of a uniformly distributed AC/NiS composite. Electrochemical evaluations revealed that the AC/NiS composite exhibited superior capacitance, excellent rate capability, and enhanced cycling stability compared to pure AC and NiS. The synergistic effect of the large surface area from activated carbon and redox-active sites of nickel sulfide provided an improved energy storage capacity, making this composite a promising electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title="activated carbon">activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage" title=" energy storage"> energy storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfide" title=" sulfide"> sulfide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20area" title=" surface area"> surface area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193483/high-performance-supercapacitors-with-activated-carbon-and-nickel-sulfide-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9187</span> Vibration Control of a Tracked Vehicle Driver Seat via Magnetorheological Damper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wael%20Ata">Wael Ata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tracked vehicles are exposed to severe operating conditions during their battlefield. The suspension system of such vehicles plays a crucial role in the mitigation of vibration transmitted from unevenness to vehicle hull and consequently to the crew. When the vehicles are crossing the road with high speeds, the driver is subjected to a high magnitude of vibration dose. This is because of the passive suspension system of the tracked vehicle lack the effectiveness to withstand induced vibration from irregular terrains. This paper presents vibration control of a semi-active seat suspension incorporating Magnetorheological (MR) damper fitted to a driver seat of an amphibious tracked vehicle (BMP-1). A half vehicle model featuring the proposed semi-active seat suspension is developed and its governing equations are derived. Two controllers namely; skyhook and fuzzy logic skyhook based to suppress the vibration dose at driver’s seat are formulated. The results show that the controlled MR suspension seat along with the vehicle model has substantially suppressed vibration levels at the driver’s seat under bump and sinusoidal excitations <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tracked%20Vehicles" title="Tracked Vehicles">Tracked Vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MR%20dampers" title=" MR dampers"> MR dampers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Skyhook%20%20controller" title=" Skyhook controller"> Skyhook controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic%20controller" title=" fuzzy logic controller"> fuzzy logic controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118209/vibration-control-of-a-tracked-vehicle-driver-seat-via-magnetorheological-damper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9186</span> Performance Measurement of Logistics Systems for Thailand's Wholesales and Retails Industries by Data Envelopment Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pornpimol%20Chaiwuttisak">Pornpimol Chaiwuttisak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aims to compare the performance of the logistics for Thailand’s wholesale and retail trade industries (except motor vehicles, motorcycle, and stalls) by using data (data envelopment analysis). Thailand Standard Industrial Classification in 2009 (TSIC - 2009) categories that industries into sub-group no. 45: wholesale and retail trade (except for the repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles), sub-group no. 46: wholesale trade (except motor vehicles and motorcycles), and sub-group no. 47: retail trade (except motor vehicles and motorcycles. Data used in the study is collected by the National Statistical Office, Thailand. The study consisted of four input factors include the number of companies, the number of personnel in logistics, the training cost in logistics, and outsourcing logistics management. Output factor includes the percentage of enterprises having inventory management. The results showed that the average relative efficiency of small-sized enterprises equals to 27.87 percent and 49.68 percent for the medium-sized enterprises. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEA" title="DEA">DEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wholesales%20and%20retails" title=" wholesales and retails"> wholesales and retails</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistics" title=" logistics"> logistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50570/performance-measurement-of-logistics-systems-for-thailands-wholesales-and-retails-industries-by-data-envelopment-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9185</span> Optimum Tuning Capacitors for Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles Considering Variation in Coil Distances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abdullah%20Arafat">Muhammad Abdullah Arafat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahrin%20Nowrose"> Nahrin Nowrose</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless charging of electric vehicles is becoming more and more attractive as large amount of power can now be transferred to a reasonable distance using magnetic resonance coupling method. However, proper tuning of the compensation network is required to achieve maximum power transmission. Due to the variation of coil distance from the nominal value as a result of change in tire condition, change in weight or uneven road condition, the tuning of the compensation network has become challenging. In this paper, a tuning method has been described to determine the optimum values of the compensation network in order to maximize the average output power. The simulation results show that 5.2 percent increase in average output power is obtained for 10 percent variation in coupling coefficient using the optimum values without the need of additional space and electro-mechanical components. The proposed method is applicable to both static and dynamic charging of electric vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupling%20coefficient" title="coupling coefficient">coupling coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicles" title=" electric vehicles"> electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20resonance%20coupling" title=" magnetic resonance coupling"> magnetic resonance coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuning%20capacitor" title=" tuning capacitor"> tuning capacitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20power%20transfer" title=" wireless power transfer"> wireless power transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149064/optimum-tuning-capacitors-for-wireless-charging-of-electric-vehicles-considering-variation-in-coil-distances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9184</span> Solar Power Monitoring and Control System using Internet of Things</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oladapo%20Tolulope%20Ibitoye">Oladapo Tolulope Ibitoye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has become imperative to harmonize energy poverty alleviation and carbon footprint reduction. This is geared towards embracing independent power generation at local levels to reduce the popular ambiguity in the transmission of generated power. Also, it will contribute towards the total adoption of electric vehicles and direct current (DC) appliances that are currently flooding the global market. Solar power system is gaining momentum as it is now an affordable and less complex alternative to fossil fuel-based power generation. Although, there are many issues associated with solar power system, which resulted in deprivation of optimum working capacity. One of the key problems is inadequate monitoring of the energy pool from solar irradiance, which can then serve as a foundation for informed energy usage decisions and appropriate solar system control for effective energy pooling. The proposed technique utilized Internet of Things (IoT) in developing a system to automate solar irradiance pooling by controlling solar photovoltaic panels autonomously for optimal usage. The technique is potent with better solar irradiance exposure which results into 30% voltage pooling capacity than a system with static solar panels. The evaluation of the system show that the developed system possesses higher voltage pooling capacity than a system of static positioning of solar panel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20system" title="solar system">solar system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20monitoring" title=" power monitoring"> power monitoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163865/solar-power-monitoring-and-control-system-using-internet-of-things" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9183</span> 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Soliman%20Nagiub">Ahmed Soliman Nagiub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Fayez"> Mahmoud Fayez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Khaled"> Heba Khaled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Ghoniemy"> Said Ghoniemy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accurate perception is a critical component in enabling autonomous vehicles to understand their driving environment. The acquisition of 3D information about objects, including their location and pose, is essential for achieving this understanding. This survey paper presents a comprehensive review of 3D object detection techniques specifically tailored for autonomous vehicles. The survey begins with an introduction to 3D object detection, elucidating the significance of the third dimension in perceiving the driving environment. It explores the types of sensors utilized in this context and the corresponding data extracted from these sensors. Additionally, the survey investigates the different types of datasets employed, including their formats, sizes, and provides a comparative analysis. Furthermore, the paper categorizes and thoroughly examines the perception methods employed for 3D object detection based on the diverse range of sensors utilized. Each method is evaluated based on its effectiveness in accurately detecting objects in a three-dimensional space. Additionally, the evaluation metrics used to assess the performance of these methods are discussed. By offering a comprehensive overview of 3D object detection techniques for autonomous vehicles, this survey aims to advance the field of perception systems. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners, providing insights into the techniques, sensors, and evaluation metrics employed in 3D object detection for autonomous vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title="computer vision">computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20object%20detection" title=" 3D object detection"> 3D object detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20vehicles" title=" autonomous vehicles"> autonomous vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178070/3d-object-detection-for-autonomous-driving-a-comprehensive-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9182</span> A Functional Thermochemical Energy Storage System for Mobile Applications: Design and Performance Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jure%20Galovi%C4%87">Jure Galović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Hofmann"> Peter Hofmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermochemical energy storage (TCES), as a long-term and lossless energy storage principle, provides a contribution for the reduction of greenhouse emissions of mobile applications, such as passenger vehicles with an internal combustion engine. A prototype of a TCES system, based on reversible sorption reactions of LiBr composite and methanol has been designed at Vienna University of Technology. In this paper, the selection of reactive and inert carrier materials as well as the design of heat exchangers (reactor vessel and evapo-condenser) was reviewed and the cycle stability under real operating conditions was investigated. The performance of the developed system strongly depends on the environmental temperatures, to which the reactor vessel and evapo-condenser are exposed during the phases of thermal conversion. For an integration of the system into mobile applications, the functionality of the designed prototype was proved in numerous conducted cycles whereby no adverse reactions were observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20applications" title="dynamic applications">dynamic applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LiBr%20composite" title=" LiBr composite"> LiBr composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanol" title=" methanol"> methanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20of%20TCES%20system" title=" performance of TCES system"> performance of TCES system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sorption%20process" title=" sorption process"> sorption process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermochemical%20energy%20storage" title=" thermochemical energy storage"> thermochemical energy storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101968/a-functional-thermochemical-energy-storage-system-for-mobile-applications-design-and-performance-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20energy%20vehicles&page=4" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20energy%20vehicles&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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