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id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transition_to_choreographer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_to_choreographer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Transition to choreographer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_to_choreographer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ballets_Russes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ballets_Russes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Ballets Russes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ballets_Russes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Ballet_Company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Ballet_Company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>American Ballet Company</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Ballet_Company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teaching_methods_and_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching_methods_and_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Teaching methods and style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teaching_methods_and_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_depiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_depiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cultural depiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_depiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Michel Fokine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="مايكل فوكين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مايكل فوكين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Фокин Михаил Михайлович – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фокин Михаил Михайлович" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Міхаіл Міхайлавіч Фокін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міхаіл Міхайлавіч Фокін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Михаил Фокин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Михаил Фокин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Fokin" title="Mikhaïl Fokin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mikhaïl Fokin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Fokin" title="Michail Michajlovič Fokin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michail Michajlovič Fokin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihhail_Fokin" title="Mihhail Fokin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mihhail Fokin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%A5ail_Fokin" title="Miĥail Fokin – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Miĥail Fokin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Fokin" title="Mikhail Fokin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mikhail Fokin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%ED%95%98%EC%9D%BC_%ED%8F%AC%ED%82%A8" title="미하일 포킨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미하일 포킨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%AC_%D5%96%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Միխայիլ Ֆոկին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միխայիլ Ֆոկին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Fokin" title="Mihail Fokin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mihail Fokin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Fokine" title="Michail Fokine – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Michail Fokine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F" title="מיכאיל פוקין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיכאיל פוקין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Михаил Михайлович Фокин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Михаил Михайлович Фокин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fokin" title="Michael Fokin – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michael Fokin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="मीशेल फॉकीन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मीशेल फॉकीन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ميشيل فوكين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميشيل فوكين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3" title="ミハイル・フォーキン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミハイル・フォーキン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michai%C5%82_Fokin" title="Michaił Fokin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michaił Fokin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Fokin" title="Mihail Fokin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mihail Fokin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Фокин, Михаил Михайлович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фокин, Михаил Михайлович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Fokine" title="Mikhail Fokine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mikhail Fokine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Fokin" title="Mihail Fokin – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Mihail Fokin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Fokin" title="Mihail Fokin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mihail Fokin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Фокін Михайло Михайлович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фокін Михайло Михайлович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Mikhailovich_Fokin" title="Mikhail Mikhailovich Fokin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mikhail Mikhailovich Fokin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Michel Fokine" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE%E7%A6%8F%E9%87%91" title="米歇爾福金 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="米歇爾福金" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is <i> Mikhaylovich</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i> Fokine</i>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Michael Fokine</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Михаил Фокин</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Michel_Fokine,_Arlequin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Michel_Fokine%2C_Arlequin.jpg/220px-Michel_Fokine%2C_Arlequin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Michel_Fokine%2C_Arlequin.jpg/330px-Michel_Fokine%2C_Arlequin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Michel_Fokine%2C_Arlequin.jpg/440px-Michel_Fokine%2C_Arlequin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="3627" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Fokine in Arlequin, 1914</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Mikhail Mikhaylovich Fokin</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1880-04-23</span>)</span>23 April 1880<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">22 August 1942<span style="display:none">(1942-08-22)</span> (aged 62)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Russian_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian citizenship">Russian</a>, naturalized <a href="/wiki/U.S._citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. citizen">U.S.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Ballet_dancer" title="Ballet dancer">Ballet dancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Choreography_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Choreography (dance)">choreographer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Vera Fokina</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Michael Fokine</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (23 April [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 11 April] 1880 – 22 August 1942) was a Russian <a href="/wiki/Choreography_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Choreography (dance)">choreographer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dancer</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fokine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fokine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paquita_-Lucien_d%27Hervilly_-Mikhail_Fokine_-circa_1905.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Paquita_-Lucien_d%27Hervilly_-Mikhail_Fokine_-circa_1905.JPG/220px-Paquita_-Lucien_d%27Hervilly_-Mikhail_Fokine_-circa_1905.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="381" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Paquita_-Lucien_d%27Hervilly_-Mikhail_Fokine_-circa_1905.JPG/330px-Paquita_-Lucien_d%27Hervilly_-Mikhail_Fokine_-circa_1905.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Paquita_-Lucien_d%27Hervilly_-Mikhail_Fokine_-circa_1905.JPG/440px-Paquita_-Lucien_d%27Hervilly_-Mikhail_Fokine_-circa_1905.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1731" /></a><figcaption>Fokine costumed for the role of Lucien d'Hervilly, in Marius Petipa's 1905 production of the ballet <i><a href="/wiki/Paquita" title="Paquita">Paquita</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michel_Fokine_Le_Spectre_de_la_Rose.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Michel_Fokine_Le_Spectre_de_la_Rose.jpg/220px-Michel_Fokine_Le_Spectre_de_la_Rose.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Michel_Fokine_Le_Spectre_de_la_Rose.jpg/330px-Michel_Fokine_Le_Spectre_de_la_Rose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Michel_Fokine_Le_Spectre_de_la_Rose.jpg/440px-Michel_Fokine_Le_Spectre_de_la_Rose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Fokine as the spectre in a 1914 production of the <a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Spectre_de_la_rose" title="Le Spectre de la rose">Le Spectre de la rose</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michel_Fokine_-_Dec_1919_Shadowland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Michel_Fokine_-_Dec_1919_Shadowland.jpg/220px-Michel_Fokine_-_Dec_1919_Shadowland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Michel_Fokine_-_Dec_1919_Shadowland.jpg/330px-Michel_Fokine_-_Dec_1919_Shadowland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Michel_Fokine_-_Dec_1919_Shadowland.jpg/440px-Michel_Fokine_-_Dec_1919_Shadowland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption>Fokine directing the rehearsals of the ballet <i>Aphrodite</i> in 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>Fokine was born in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> to a prosperous <a href="/wiki/Merchant" title="Merchant">merchant</a> and at the age of 9 was accepted into the Saint Petersburg <a href="/wiki/Vaganova_Academy_of_Russian_Ballet" title="Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet">Imperial Ballet School</a>. That same year, he made his performing debut in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Talisman_(ballet)" title="The Talisman (ballet)">The Talisman</a></i> under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Marius_Petipa" title="Marius Petipa">Marius Petipa</a>. In 1898, on his 18th birthday, he debuted on the stage of the <a href="/wiki/Mariinsky_Theatre" title="Mariinsky Theatre">Imperial Mariinsky Theatre</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Paquita" title="Paquita">Paquita</a></i>, with the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Ballet" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russian Ballet">Imperial Russian Ballet</a>. In addition to being a talented dancer, Fokine was also passionate about <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> and displayed talent in this area as well. He also played musical instruments, including <a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">mandolin</a> (played on stage in ensemble led by <a href="/wiki/Ginislao_Paris" title="Ginislao Paris">Ginislao Paris</a>), <a href="/wiki/Domra" title="Domra">domra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Balalaika" title="Balalaika">balalaika</a> (played in <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Andreyev" title="Vasily Andreyev">Vasily Andreyev</a>'s Great Russian Orchestra).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transition_to_choreographer">Transition to choreographer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fokine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Transition to choreographer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He became frustrated with the life of a dancer and began considering other paths, including painting. In 1902, he was offered a teaching position at the Imperial Ballet School and was able to explore the artistic possibilities of <a href="/wiki/Choreography" title="Choreography">choreography</a>. In 1905, he created his first full-length ballet, <i>Acis et Galatée</i>, which was performed by his students and based on a Sicilian legend. Among his students were <a href="/wiki/Desha_Delteil" title="Desha Delteil">Desha Delteil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bronislava_Nijinska" title="Bronislava Nijinska">Bronislava Nijinska</a>. </p><p>Some of Fokine's early works include the ballet <i>Acis and Galatea</i> (1905) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dying_Swan" title="The Dying Swan">The Dying Swan</a></i> (1907), which was a solo dance for <a href="/wiki/Anna_Pavlova" title="Anna Pavlova">Anna Pavlova</a> choreographed to the music of <a href="/wiki/Le_Cygne_(Saint-Sa%C3%ABns)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Cygne (Saint-Saëns)"><i>Le Cygne</i></a>. <i>Acis and Galetea</i> included an acrobatic dance with young boys playing <a href="/wiki/Faun" title="Faun">fauns</a>, one of whom was <a href="/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Vaslav Nijinsky</a>. Fokine later featured Nijinsky in ballets including <i><a href="/wiki/Chopiniana" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopiniana">Chopiniana</a></i> (1907), which was renamed <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Les_Sylphides" title="Les Sylphides">Les Sylphides</a></i></span> in 1909. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ballets_Russes">Ballets Russes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fokine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ballets Russes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1909, <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Sergei Diaghilev</a> invited Fokine to become the resident choreographer of the first season of the <a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. At Ballets Russes, he collaborated with other artists to create a ballet of <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Scheherazade_(Rimsky-Korsakov)" title="Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)">Scheherazade</a></i>, which premiered in 1910. The ballet was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Symphonic_poem" title="Symphonic poem">symphonic poems</a> composed by Rimsky-Korsakov and the tale of the <a href="/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Nights" title="One Thousand and One Nights">1001 Nights</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">sets designed</a> by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bakst" title="Léon Bakst">Léon Bakst</a> matched the sexualized choreography. Despite the lack of <a href="/wiki/Historical_accuracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical accuracy">historical accuracy</a>, the ballet was successful due to its brilliant colors, <a href="/wiki/Exoticism" title="Exoticism">exoticism</a>, and sexual overtones.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1910 production featured Nijinsky in the role of the Golden Slave. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird</a></i> (1910), with music composed by <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a> was also created by a "committee," a process inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagnerian</a> notion of <i><a href="/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk" title="Gesamtkunstwerk">Gesamtkunstwerk</a></i>, which is the synthesis of elements such as music, drama, spectacle, and dance to create a more cohesive artwork. <i><a href="/wiki/Petrushka_(ballet)" title="Petrushka (ballet)">Petrushka</a></i> (1912), with music also composed by Stravinsky and set design by Alexandre Benois Petrouchka, was inspired by the Russian puppet which traditionally appeared at the Butter Week (<a href="/wiki/Shrovetide" title="Shrovetide">Shrovetide</a>) Fairs. In this ballet, Fokine included street dancers, <a href="/wiki/Peddler" title="Peddler">peddlers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nursemaid" title="Nursemaid">nursemaids</a>, a performing bear, and a large ensemble of characters to complement the plot. The story was centered on the sinister Magician (<a href="/wiki/Enrico_Cecchetti" title="Enrico Cecchetti">Enrico Cecchetti</a>) and his three puppets: Petrouchka (Nijinsky), the Ballerina (<a href="/wiki/Tamara_Karsavina" title="Tamara Karsavina">Tamara Karsavina</a>) and the savage Moor (Alexander Orlov). Fokine's ballet <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Spectre_de_la_Rose" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Spectre de la Rose">Le Spectre de la Rose</a></i> (1911) showcased Nijinsky as the spirit of the rose given to a young girl. Nijinsky's exit featured a <a href="/wiki/Grand_jet%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand jeté">grand jeté</a> out of the young girl's bedroom window, timed so the audience would last see him suspended in mid-air. In 1912, Fokine created an adaptation of <i><a href="/wiki/Daphnis_et_Chlo%C3%A9" title="Daphnis et Chloé">Daphnis et Chloé</a></i>. </p><p>He left Ballets Russes in 1912. In 1914, Diaghilev convinced Fokine to return to Ballets Russes, where he then created the ballets <i>Midas</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Josephslegende" title="Josephslegende">Josephslegende</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Cockerel" title="The Golden Cockerel">Le Coq d'Or</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Paris premiere of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Cockerel" title="The Golden Cockerel">The Golden Cockerel</a></i> by Ballets Russes in 1914 was an <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-ballet" title="Opéra-ballet">opéra-ballet</a>, guided by Fokine with set design by <a href="/wiki/Natalia_Goncharova" title="Natalia Goncharova">Natalia Goncharova</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Ballet_Company">American Ballet Company</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fokine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: American Ballet Company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> in August 1914, disrupted the established touring circuit, which included countries now on opposing sides. Many dancers, including Fokine, returned to their home countries. He moved to <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> with his family in 1918, and later established his home in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, where he founded a ballet school in 1921, and continued to appear with his wife, Vera Fokina. One of his pupils was <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bowman" title="Patricia Bowman">Patricia Bowman</a>. By 1924, he organized the American Ballet Company, which performed regularly at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(39th_Street)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (39th Street)">Metropolitan Opera House</a> and toured the United States. His first piece for the company was the comedy <i>Bluebeard</i>, set to a score by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach" title="Jacques Offenbach">Jacques Offenbach</a>. </p><p>His ballet <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Les_Sylphides" title="Les Sylphides">Les Sylphides</a></i></span> was the first production at the <a href="/wiki/American_Ballet_Theatre" title="American Ballet Theatre">American Ballet Theatre</a> on 11 January 1940. In 1937, Fokine joined <a href="/wiki/Wassily_de_Basil" title="Wassily de Basil">Wassily de Basil</a>'s offshoot of the Ballets Russes, which was eventually named the <a href="/wiki/Original_Ballet_Russe" title="Original Ballet Russe">Original Ballet Russe</a>. Among the new works Fokine created during this period were <i><a href="/wiki/Cendrillon" title="Cendrillon">Cendrillon</a></i> (1938) and <i>Paganini</i> (1939). His choreography was featured with the company until 1941. </p><p>Fokine staged more than eighty ballets in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. His best-known works were <i><a href="/wiki/Chopiniana" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopiniana">Chopiniana</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Carnaval_(ballet)" title="Carnaval (ballet)"><i>Le Carnaval</i></a> (1910), and <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Pavillon_d%27Armide" title="Le Pavillon d'Armide">Le Pavillon d'Armide</a></i> (1907). His pieces are still performed internationally. The <a href="/wiki/Mariinsky_Ballet" title="Mariinsky Ballet">Mariinsky Ballet</a> performed a retrospective of Fokine's work at <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a> in July 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fokine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fokine died in New York on 22 August 1942, aged 62. In tribute to his death, seventeen ballet companies around the world performed <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Les_Sylphides" title="Les Sylphides">Les Sylphides</a></i></span> simultaneously.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teaching_methods_and_style">Teaching methods and style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fokine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Teaching methods and style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fokine aspired to move beyond traditional ballet, toward a method of utilizing ballet to communicate the natural beauty of Man. He did not believe virtuoso ballet techniques to symbolize anything, and thought they could be substituted with forms that better expressed emotions and themes. Fokine was a strong believer in the communicative power of dance and pushed for creativity that broke tradition, believing that tradition is often distinct from reality and fails to capture the entire spectrum of human emotions. He believed that unless movements are expressive, they are irrational and neither delightful nor tolerable.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fokine also sought to strip ballets of their artificial technicality and outdated costumes. He believed that many of the ballets of his time used costumes and techniques that did not reflect the themes of the ballets. Fokine studied <a href="/wiki/Greek_art" title="Greek art">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian art">Egyptian</a> art, including vase painting and <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a>, and incorporated these into his ballets. As a choreographer, he took ballerinas out of their <a href="/wiki/Pointe_shoe" title="Pointe shoe">pointe shoes</a> when pointe did not serve any "artistic purpose". He believed that <i>pointe</i> should be used when the dancing body desires to express a soaring and upward theme, rather than to flaunt the strength of dancers' feet. He presented this new idea to the <a href="/wiki/Mariinsky_Theatre" title="Mariinsky Theatre">Imperial Mariinsky Theater</a>'s management, but did not win their support. One of Fokine's requests was to have his dancers perform barefoot in his 1907 ballet <i>Eunice</i>. His request was denied, and Fokine had toes painted on the dancers' tights so they would appear to be barefoot. </p><p>He also experimented with shifting the emphasis of movement away from the lower body and towards the whole body, with freer use of the arms and torso and using each muscle with clear intention.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In doing so, Fokine sought to unify motion with emotion and the body with the soul, bringing new life to the ballet as a language and an art. </p><p>In 1923, he choreographed the ballet <i>Ajanta Frescoes</i> for <a href="/wiki/Anna_Pavlova" title="Anna Pavlova">Anna Pavlova</a> after she had been inspired by her visit to the <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta Caves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_depiction">Cultural depiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fokine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cultural depiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nijinsky_(film)" title="Nijinsky (film)">Nijinsky (film)</a></i>, film by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Ross" title="Herbert Ross">Herbert Ross</a> - portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Pavlova_(film)" title="Anna Pavlova (film)">Anna Pavlova</a></i>, film by <a href="/wiki/Emil_Loteanu" title="Emil Loteanu">Emil Loteanu</a> - portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Shakurov" title="Sergey Shakurov">Sergey Shakurov</a> (1983)</li></ul> <p>Tribute To Ballet, with Prefatory poem To M. Michel Fokine, by John Masefield (1938) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fokine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dancers" title="List of dancers">List of dancers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_ballet_dancers" title="List of Russian ballet dancers">List of Russian ballet dancers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fokine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fokine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French transliteration <b>Michel Fokine</b>; English transliteration <b>Mikhail Fokin</b>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Михаил Михайлович Фокин</span>, <i>Mikhail Mikhaylovich Fokin</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fokine, Michel (author), Anatole Chujoy (editor). <i>Fokine: Memoirs of a Ballet Master</i>. <a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company" title="Little, Brown and Company">Little, Brown and Company</a>., 1961.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAu2002" class="citation book cs1">Au, Susan (2002). <i>Ballet and Modern Dance</i>. New York: Thames and Hudson. pp. 80–81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780500203521" title="Special:BookSources/9780500203521"><bdi>9780500203521</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ballet+and+Modern+Dance&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=80-81&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780500203521&rft.aulast=Au&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Fokine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michelfokine.com">Buckle, Richard (1979). <i>Diaghilev</i>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-77506-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-77506-5">0-297-77506-5</a>, p. 268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFokine,_Michel1992" class="citation book cs1">Fokine, Michel (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/danceastheatrear00selm/page/102">"The New Ballet"</a></span>. In Cohen, Jeanne (ed.). <i>Dance as a Theatre Art</i>. Pennington, NJ: Princeton Book Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/danceastheatrear00selm/page/102">102–108</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87127-173-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87127-173-7"><bdi>0-87127-173-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+New+Ballet&rft.btitle=Dance+as+a+Theatre+Art&rft.place=Pennington%2C+NJ&rft.pages=102-108&rft.pub=Princeton+Book+Company&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-87127-173-7&rft.au=Fokine%2C+Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdanceastheatrear00selm%2Fpage%2F102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Fokine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lakshmi Shreeram, "The Pavlova Project: A unique exhibition presents the life and work of legendary ballerina through her costumes", Firstpost, 21 January 2020.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.firstpost.com/living/the-pavlova-project-a-unique-exhibition-presents-the-life-and-work-of-legendary-ballerina-through-her-costumes-7928291.html">https://www.firstpost.com/living/the-pavlova-project-a-unique-exhibition-presents-the-life-and-work-of-legendary-ballerina-through-her-costumes-7928291.html</a>. Retrieved 21 March 2021.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_2">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fokine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Beaumont, C. W., <i>Michel Fokine and His Ballets</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85273-050-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85273-050-1">1-85273-050-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Anderson_(dance_critic)" title="Jack Anderson (dance critic)">Anderson, Jack</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"DANCE VIEW; Fokine -- The Undervalued Revolutionary". <i>The New York Times</i>. 7 September 1980. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=DANCE+VIEW%3B+Fokine+--+The+Undervalued+Revolutionary&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1980-09-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Fokine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>"Michel Fokine|Russian Dancer and Choreographer." <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 February 2016.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fokine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michel_Fokine" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Michel Fokine">Michel Fokine</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100718104833/http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~hou00221">Fokine, Michel, 1880–1942. "Papers: Guide". in the Harvard Theatre Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard College Library.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723092227/http://australiadancing.org/apps/ad?action=ViewSubject&id=5021&resourceType=Moving%20picture">Fokine, Michel (1880–1942) at Australia Dancing</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/biography/Michel-Fokine">Fokine on Britannica.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118684108">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82093712">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12879753z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12879753z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fokine, Michel"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/VEAV321386">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35803107">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0078871&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1763517">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1554732">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071667598">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90707106">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000068310&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000697551&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2020P3093">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/sq47g06b5m6kh86">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810590683405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007280087505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517270306706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13938748">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04907170?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/722072">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118684108.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118684108">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034916202">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6v40xkr">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/30090528">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" 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