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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indigenous_origin_in_Java" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_origin_in_Java"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Indigenous origin in Java</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_origin_in_Java-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_in_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_in_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Origin in India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_in_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wayang_puppet_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayang_puppet_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Wayang puppet figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayang_puppet_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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</nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wayang kulit</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Wayang kulit" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" title="Wayang Kulit – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Wayang Kulit" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Wayang kulit" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Wayang kulit" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wayang kulit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wayang kulit" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%80%EC%96%91_%EC%BF%A8%EB%A6%BF" title="와양 쿨릿 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="와양 쿨릿" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wayang kulit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" title="Wayang Kulit – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wayang Kulit" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98" title="וויאנג קוליט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וויאנג קוליט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wayang kulit" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" title="Wayang Kulit – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wayang Kulit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%83%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA" title="ワヤン・クリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ワヤン・クリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Wayang kulit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Ваянг кулит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ваянг кулит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="வயாங் குளிட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வயாங் குளிட்" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:antiquewhite;"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang kulit</i></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalang_cilik_di_Pasar_Malam_Semawis,_Semarang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Dalang_cilik_di_Pasar_Malam_Semawis%2C_Semarang.jpg/257px-Dalang_cilik_di_Pasar_Malam_Semawis%2C_Semarang.jpg" decoding="async" width="257" height="387" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Dalang_cilik_di_Pasar_Malam_Semawis%2C_Semarang.jpg/386px-Dalang_cilik_di_Pasar_Malam_Semawis%2C_Semarang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Dalang_cilik_di_Pasar_Malam_Semawis%2C_Semarang.jpg/514px-Dalang_cilik_di_Pasar_Malam_Semawis%2C_Semarang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1420" data-file-height="2138" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang kulit</i></span> performance with <a href="/wiki/Dhalang" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhalang">Dalang</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Types</th><td class="infobox-data">Indonesian <a href="/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang">wayang</a> form</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ancestor arts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Originating culture</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Originating era</th><td class="infobox-data">Hindu—Buddhist civilisations</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #eee; font-size: 125%;">Wayang Puppet Theatre</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top: 1px #aaa solid; padding-top:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Performance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Wayang_Performance.jpg/257px-Wayang_Performance.jpg" decoding="async" width="257" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Wayang_Performance.jpg/386px-Wayang_Performance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Wayang_Performance.jpg/514px-Wayang_Performance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="1619" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> performance by the Indonesian notable "dalang" (puppet master) <a href="/wiki/Manteb_Soedharsono" title="Manteb Soedharsono">Manteb Soedharsono</a>, with the story "Gathutkaca Winisuda", in <a href="/wiki/Bentara_Budaya_Jakarta" title="Bentara Budaya Jakarta">Bentara Budaya Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, on 31 July 2010<hr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data category">Performing arts, Traditional craftsmanship</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/wayang-puppet-theatre-00063">063</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity/APA" title="Template:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity/APA">Asia and the Pacific</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee; font-size:110%;">Inscription history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2008 (3rd session)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Masterpieces_of_the_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity" title="Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity">List</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Representative List</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="line-height:150%; padding-top:0.8em; border-top: 1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg/100px-Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg/150px-Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg/200px-Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <br /> <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang kulit</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Wayang_golek" title="Wayang golek">wayang golek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayang_golek" title="Wayang golek">wayang klithik</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang kulit</i></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>: <span lang="jv">ꦮꦪꦁꦏꦸꦭꦶꦠ꧀</span>) is a traditional form of <a href="/wiki/Shadow_puppetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow puppetry">shadow puppetry</a> originally found in the cultures of <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">wayang kulit</i></span> performance, the puppet figures are rear-projected on a taut linen screen with a coconut oil (or electric) light. The <i><a href="/wiki/Dalang_(puppeteer)" title="Dalang (puppeteer)">dalang</a></i> (shadow artist) manipulates carved leather figures between the lamp and the screen to bring the shadows to life. The narratives of <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">wayang kulit</i></span> often have to do with the major theme of good vs. evil. </p><p><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang kulit</i></span> is one of the many different forms of <i><a href="/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang">wayang</a></i> theatre found in Indonesia; the others include <i><a href="/wiki/Wayang_beber" title="Wayang beber">wayang beber</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wayang#Wayang_klitik" title="Wayang">wayang klitik</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wayang_golek" title="Wayang golek">wayang golek</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Topeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Topeng">wayang topeng</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Wayang_wong" title="Wayang wong">wayang wong</a></i>. <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang kulit</i></span> is among the best known, offering a unique combination of ritual, lesson and entertainment. </p><p>On November 7, 2003, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> designated <i>Wayang</i> the flat leather shadow puppet (<span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">wayang kulit</i></span>), the flat wooden puppet (<i>wayang klitik</i>), and the three-dimensional wooden puppet (<i><a href="/wiki/Wayang_golek" title="Wayang golek">wayang golek</a></i>) theatre, as a <a href="/wiki/Masterpieces_of_the_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity" title="Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity">Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity</a>. In return for the acknowledgment, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> required Indonesians to preserve the tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang_kulit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>wayang</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese word</a> for "<a href="/wiki/Shadow" title="Shadow">shadow</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "imagination". Its equivalent in <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> is <i>bayang</i>. In modern daily Javanese and Indonesian vocabulary, <i>wayang</i> can refer to the puppet itself or the whole puppet theatre performance. <i>Kulit</i> means "<a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>", the material from which the figures are carved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang_kulit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_voorstelling_begeleid_door_een_gamelanorkest_TMnr_10017906.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_voorstelling_begeleid_door_een_gamelanorkest_TMnr_10017906.jpg/260px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_voorstelling_begeleid_door_een_gamelanorkest_TMnr_10017906.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_voorstelling_begeleid_door_een_gamelanorkest_TMnr_10017906.jpg/390px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_voorstelling_begeleid_door_een_gamelanorkest_TMnr_10017906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_voorstelling_begeleid_door_een_gamelanorkest_TMnr_10017906.jpg/520px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_voorstelling_begeleid_door_een_gamelanorkest_TMnr_10017906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption> A wayang kulit performance accompanied by a <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan orchestra</a>, between 1862 and 1872</figcaption></figure> <p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> is the traditional puppet theatre of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-brandon1432_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandon1432-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britwayang2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britwayang2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rubin2001p1842_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin2001p1842-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an ancient form of storytelling known for its elaborate puppets and complex musical styles.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest evidence of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> comes from medieval-era texts and archeological sites dating from the late 1st millennium CE. There are four theories concerning where <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> originated (indigenous to Java; Java–India; India; and China), but of these, two are more favored: <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. </p><p>Regardless of its origins, states Brandon, <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> developed and matured into a Javanese phenomenon. There is no true contemporary puppet shadow artwork in either China or India with the sophistication, depth, and creativity expressed in <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> in Java, Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-brandon424_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandon424-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_origin_in_Java">Indigenous origin in Java</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang_kulit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Indigenous origin in Java"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to academic <a href="/wiki/James_Rodger_Brandon" title="James Rodger Brandon">James R. Brandon</a>, the puppets of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> are native to Java. He states <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> is closely related to Javanese social <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religious_life" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious life">religious life</a>, and presents parallel developments from ancient Indonesian culture, such as <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Monetary_system" title="Monetary system">monetary system</a>, metric forms, <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, wet rice field agriculture, and <a href="/wiki/Government_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Government administration">government administration</a>. He asserts that <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> was not derived from any other type of shadow puppetry of mainland Asia, but was an indigenous creation of the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a>. Indian puppets differ from <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span>, and all <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> technical terms are <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>, not <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>. Similarly, some of the other technical terms used in the <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> found in Java and Bali are based on local languages, even when the play overlaps with Buddhist or Hindu mythologies.<sup id="cite_ref-brandon424_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandon424-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>G. A. J. Hazeu<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2023)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> also says that <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> came from Java. The puppet structure, puppeteering techniques, storytelling voices, language, and expressions are all composed according to old traditions. The technical design, the style, and the composition of the Javanese play grew from the <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">worship of ancestors</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Kats<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (March 2023)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> argues that the technical terms come from Java and that <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> was born without the help of India. Before the 9th century, it belonged to the Javanese. It was closely related to religious practices, such as incense and night / wandering spirits. Panakawan uses a Javanese name,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What is 'Panakawan'? Is this a typo for 'Punokawan'? (March 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> different from the Indian heroes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Kruyt<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (March 2023)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> argues that <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> originated from <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanism</a>, and makes comparisons with ancient archipelago ceremonial forms which aim to contact the spirit world by presenting religious poetry praising the greatness of the soul.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The movement of the Javanese across Maritime Southeast Asia right up to the 20th century has also spread art form beyond its insular origin; this may come directly performed in areas where many Javanese settled such as western <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Paramita_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paramita-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or indirectly integrating local elements, such as the <i>Wayang Kulit Kelantan</i> performed in <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> north of the Peninsular where Kelantanese <i>dalang</i> was said to have learned from original masters themselves in Java.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Messingen_wandlamp_in_de_vorm_van_een_gekroonde_Garuda_het_heilige_rijdier_van_de_hindoe-god_Vishnu_TMnr_235-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Messingen_wandlamp_in_de_vorm_van_een_gekroonde_Garuda_het_heilige_rijdier_van_de_hindoe-god_Vishnu_TMnr_235-2.jpg/260px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Messingen_wandlamp_in_de_vorm_van_een_gekroonde_Garuda_het_heilige_rijdier_van_de_hindoe-god_Vishnu_TMnr_235-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Messingen_wandlamp_in_de_vorm_van_een_gekroonde_Garuda_het_heilige_rijdier_van_de_hindoe-god_Vishnu_TMnr_235-2.jpg/390px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Messingen_wandlamp_in_de_vorm_van_een_gekroonde_Garuda_het_heilige_rijdier_van_de_hindoe-god_Vishnu_TMnr_235-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Messingen_wandlamp_in_de_vorm_van_een_gekroonde_Garuda_het_heilige_rijdier_van_de_hindoe-god_Vishnu_TMnr_235-2.jpg/520px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Messingen_wandlamp_in_de_vorm_van_een_gekroonde_Garuda_het_heilige_rijdier_van_de_hindoe-god_Vishnu_TMnr_235-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Blencong, a Javanese oil lamp in the form of the mythical <a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a> bird for <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> performances, before 1924</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_in_India">Origin in India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang_kulit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Origin in India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> arrived on the Indonesian islands in the early centuries of the 1st millennium, and along with theology, the peoples of Indonesia and the Indian subcontinent exchanged culture, architecture, and traded goods.<sup id="cite_ref-brandon424_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandon424-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-miyao1422_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miyao1422-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bonnefoy1623_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonnefoy1623-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Puppet arts and dramatic plays have been documented in ancient Indian texts, dating to the last centuries of the 1st millennium BCE and the early centuries of the Common Era.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, the eastern coastal region of India (<a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>), which most interacted with Indonesian islands, has had traditions of intricate, leather-based puppet arts called <i><a href="/wiki/Tholu_bommalata" title="Tholu bommalata">tholu bommalata</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tholpavakoothu" title="Tholpavakoothu">tholpavakoothu</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Rabana_Chhaya" title="Rabana Chhaya"><i>rabana chhaya</i></a>, which share many elements with <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-britwayang2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britwayang2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some characters such as the <i>Vidusaka</i> in Sanskrit drama and <i><a href="/wiki/Semar" title="Semar">Semar</a></i> in <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> are very similar. Indian mythologies and characters from the Hindu epics feature in many major <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> plays, which suggests possible Indian origins, or at least an influence in the pre-Islamic period of Indonesian history.<sup id="cite_ref-brandon424_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandon424-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jivan Pani states that <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> developed from two art forms from <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a> in eastern India: the <a href="/wiki/Ravana_Chhaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravana Chhaya">Ravana Chhaya</a> puppet theatre and the <a href="/wiki/Chhau_dance" title="Chhau dance">Chhau dance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Records">Records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang_kulit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oldest known record concerning <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> is from the 9th century. Old Javanese (Kawi) inscriptions called Jaha Inscriptions, dating from around 840 CE and issued by Maharaja Sri Lokapala from the <a href="/wiki/Mataram_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Mataram Kingdom">Mataram Kingdom</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a>, mention three sorts of performers: <span title="Kawi-language romanization"><i lang="kaw-Latn">atapukan</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">mask dance show</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), <span title="Kawi-language romanization"><i lang="kaw-Latn">aringgit</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><i>wayang</i> puppet show</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), and <span title="Kawi-language romanization"><i lang="kaw-Latn">abanwal</i></span> <i>/</i> <span title="Kawi-language romanization"><i lang="kaw-Latn">abanol</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">joke art</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). <span title="Kawi-language romanization"><i lang="kaw-Latn">Ringgit</i></span> is described in an 11th-century Javanese poem as a leather shadow figure. </p><p>In 903 CE, the <a href="/wiki/Mantyasih_inscription" title="Mantyasih inscription">Mantyasih inscription</a> (Balitung charter) was created by King <a href="/wiki/Balitung" title="Balitung">Balitung</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sanjaya_dynasty" title="Sanjaya dynasty">Sanjaya dynasty</a> of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. They state, "<span title="Kawi-language romanization"><i lang="kaw-Latn">Si Galigi Mawayang Buat Hyang Macarita Bimma Ya Kumara</i></span>", which means 'Galigi held a puppet show for gods by taking the story of Bima Kumara'.<sup id="cite_ref-indonesia.go.id3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indonesia.go.id3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seems certain features of traditional puppet theatre have survived from that time. Galigi was an itinerant performer who was requested to perform for a special royal occasion. At that event, he performed a story about the hero <a href="/wiki/Bhima" title="Bhima">Bhima</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arjunawiwaha_canto_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Arjunawiwaha_canto_5.jpg/600px-Arjunawiwaha_canto_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Arjunawiwaha_canto_5.jpg/900px-Arjunawiwaha_canto_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Arjunawiwaha_canto_5.jpg/1200px-Arjunawiwaha_canto_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3078" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Palm leaves manuscript of kakawin <a href="/wiki/Arjunawiwaha" title="Arjunawiwaha">Arjunawiwaha</a> is written by Mpu Kanwa in 1035 CE</figcaption></figure> <p>Mpu Kanwa, the poet of <a href="/wiki/Airlangga" title="Airlangga">Airlangga</a>'s court of the <a href="/wiki/Kahuripan" title="Kahuripan">Kahuripan</a> kingdom, writes in 1035 CE in his <i><a href="/wiki/Kakawin" title="Kakawin">kakawin</a></i> (narrative poem) <i><a href="/wiki/Arjunawiwaha" title="Arjunawiwaha">Arjunawiwaha</a></i>, "<span title="Kawi-language romanization"><i lang="kaw-Latn">santoṣâhĕlĕtan kĕlir sira sakêng sang hyang Jagatkāraṇa</i></span>", which means, "He is steadfast and just a <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> screen away from the 'Mover of the World'." As <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">kĕlir</i></span> is the Javanese word for the <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> screen, the verse eloquently compares actual life to a <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> performance where the almighty <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Jagatkāraṇa</i></span> (the mover of the world) as the ultimate <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">dalang</i></span> (puppet master) is just a thin screen away from mortals. This reference to <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> as shadow plays suggested that <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> performance was already familiar in Airlangga's court and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> tradition had been established in Java, perhaps even earlier. An inscription from this period also mentions some occupations such as <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">awayang</i></span> and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">aringgit</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kulit</i></span> is a unique form of theatre employing light and shadow. The puppets are crafted from buffalo hide and mounted on bamboo sticks. When held up behind a piece of white cloth, with an electric bulb or an oil lamp as the light source, shadows are cast on the screen. The plays are typically based on romantic tales and religious legends, especially adaptations of the classic Indian epics, the <i>Mahabharata,</i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i>. Some of the plays are also based on local stories like <a href="/wiki/Panji_tales" title="Panji tales">Panji tales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MediaIndonesia2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MediaIndonesia2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wayang_puppet_figures">Wayang puppet figures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang_kulit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wayang puppet figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pertunjukan_Wayang_Kulit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Pertunjukan_Wayang_Kulit.jpg/270px-Pertunjukan_Wayang_Kulit.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Pertunjukan_Wayang_Kulit.jpg/405px-Pertunjukan_Wayang_Kulit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Pertunjukan_Wayang_Kulit.jpg/540px-Pertunjukan_Wayang_Kulit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Gunungan_(wayang)" title="Gunungan (wayang)">Gunungan</a></i> in Javanese wayang kulit performance, marked the opening and the separations between scenes. The perforated wayang creates an exquisite shadow.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>wayang</i> comes in sizes from 25 cm to 75 cm. The important characters are usually represented by several puppets each. The <i>wayang</i> is usually made out of <a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">water buffalo</a> and goat hide and mounted onto bamboo sticks. However, the best <i>wayang</i> is typically made from young female buffalo parchment, cured for up to ten years. The carving and punching of the <a href="/wiki/Rawhide_(material)" title="Rawhide (material)">rawhide</a>, which is most responsible for the character's image and the shadows that are cast, are guided by this sketch. A mallet is used to tap special tools, called <i>tatah</i>, to punch the holes through the rawhide. Making the <i>wayang</i> sticks from the horn is a complicated process of sawing, heating, hand-molding, and sanding until the desired effect is achieved. When the materials are ready, the artist attaches the handle by precisely molding the ends of the horn around the individual <i>wayang</i> figure and securing it with thread. A large character may take months to produce. </p><p>There are important differences between the three islands where <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">wayang kulit</i></span> is played (due to local religious canon). <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> (where <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is predominant), the puppets (named <i>ringgit</i>) are elongated, the play lasts all night and the lamp (named <i>blencong</i>) is, nowadays, almost always electric. A full <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pasindh%C3%A8n" title="Pasindhèn">(pe)sinden</a> is typically used.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1715px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Some Javanese <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang Kulit</i></span> Figures</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Kumbakarna._TMnr_8-276.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Kumbakarna, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1914"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Kumbakarna, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1914" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Kumbakarna._TMnr_8-276.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Kumbakarna._TMnr_8-276.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Kumbakarna._TMnr_8-276.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Kumbakarna._TMnr_8-276.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Kumbakarna._TMnr_8-276.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Kumbakarna._TMnr_8-276.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/wiki/Kumbakarna" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumbakarna">Kumbakarna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> Collections, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1914</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_8-273.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Gatot Kaca, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1914"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Gatot Kaca, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1914" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_8-273.jpg/267px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_8-273.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_8-273.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_8-273.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_8-273.jpg/533px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_8-273.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/wiki/Gatot_Kaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Gatot Kaca">Gatot Kaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> Collections, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1914</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_van_karbouwenhuid_voorstellende_Wibisana_TMnr_809-29a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Wibisana, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia before 1933"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Wibisana, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia before 1933" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_van_karbouwenhuid_voorstellende_Wibisana_TMnr_809-29a.jpg/224px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_van_karbouwenhuid_voorstellende_Wibisana_TMnr_809-29a.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_van_karbouwenhuid_voorstellende_Wibisana_TMnr_809-29a.jpg/337px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_van_karbouwenhuid_voorstellende_Wibisana_TMnr_809-29a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_van_karbouwenhuid_voorstellende_Wibisana_TMnr_809-29a.jpg/449px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_van_karbouwenhuid_voorstellende_Wibisana_TMnr_809-29a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="713" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/wiki/Wibisana" class="mw-redirect" title="Wibisana">Wibisana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> Collections, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> before 1933</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Princess Shinta, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia before 1983"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Princess Shinta, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia before 1983" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg/267px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg/533px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) Princess <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Shinta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> Collections, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> before 1983</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Yudhistira_TMnr_8-264.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Yudhishthira, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia before 1914"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Yudhishthira, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia before 1914" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Yudhistira_TMnr_8-264.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Yudhistira_TMnr_8-264.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Yudhistira_TMnr_8-264.jpg/450px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Yudhistira_TMnr_8-264.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Yudhistira_TMnr_8-264.jpg/600px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Yudhistira_TMnr_8-264.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="524" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/wiki/Yudhishthira" title="Yudhishthira">Yudhishthira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> Collections, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> before 1914</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_de_hemelnymf_Dewi_Tari_TMnr_883-13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Princess Tari, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia before 1934"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Princess Tari, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia before 1934" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_de_hemelnymf_Dewi_Tari_TMnr_883-13.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_de_hemelnymf_Dewi_Tari_TMnr_883-13.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_de_hemelnymf_Dewi_Tari_TMnr_883-13.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_de_hemelnymf_Dewi_Tari_TMnr_883-13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_de_hemelnymf_Dewi_Tari_TMnr_883-13.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_de_hemelnymf_Dewi_Tari_TMnr_883-13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) Princess Tari, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> Collections, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> before 1934</div> </li> </ul> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> (where <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> is predominant), the puppets look more realistic, the play lasts a few hours, and, at night, the lamp uses coconut oil. Music is mainly by the four-gender <i>wayang</i>, with drums only if the story is from the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i>. There are no <i>sinden</i>. The <i>dalang</i> does the singing. Balinese <i>dalangs</i> are often also priests (<i>amangku dalang</i>). As such, they may also perform during daylight, for religious purposes (<i>exorcism</i>), without a lamp and screen (<i>wayang sakral</i>, or "<i>lemah</i>")<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1715px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Some Balinese <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang Kulit</i></span> Figures</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Anggada_TMnr_15-954-31.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Anggada, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1900"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Anggada, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Anggada_TMnr_15-954-31.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Anggada_TMnr_15-954-31.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Anggada_TMnr_15-954-31.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Anggada_TMnr_15-954-31.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Anggada_TMnr_15-954-31.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Anggada_TMnr_15-954-31.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/wiki/Anggada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anggada">Anggada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> Collections, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Jayadrata_TMnr_15-954-23.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Jayadrata, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1900"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Jayadrata, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Jayadrata_TMnr_15-954-23.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Jayadrata_TMnr_15-954-23.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Jayadrata_TMnr_15-954-23.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Jayadrata_TMnr_15-954-23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Jayadrata_TMnr_15-954-23.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Jayadrata_TMnr_15-954-23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/wiki/Jayadrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayadrata">Jayadrata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> Collections, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Kendran_TMnr_15-954-13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Kendran, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1900"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Kendran, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Kendran_TMnr_15-954-13.jpg/267px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Kendran_TMnr_15-954-13.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Kendran_TMnr_15-954-13.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Kendran_TMnr_15-954-13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Kendran_TMnr_15-954-13.jpg/533px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Kendran_TMnr_15-954-13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kendran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kendran (page does not exist)">Kendran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> Collections, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Sangruda_TMnr_15-954-40.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Sangruda, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1900"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Sangruda, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Sangruda_TMnr_15-954-40.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Sangruda_TMnr_15-954-40.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Sangruda_TMnr_15-954-40.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Sangruda_TMnr_15-954-40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Sangruda_TMnr_15-954-40.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Sangruda_TMnr_15-954-40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/wiki/Sangruda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangruda">Sangruda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> Collections, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Duryadana_TMnr_15-954-91.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Duryadana, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1900"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Duryadana, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Duryadana_TMnr_15-954-91.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Duryadana_TMnr_15-954-91.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Duryadana_TMnr_15-954-91.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Duryadana_TMnr_15-954-91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Duryadana_TMnr_15-954-91.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Duryadana_TMnr_15-954-91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/wiki/Duryadana" class="mw-redirect" title="Duryadana">Duryadana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> Collections, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Gatakaca_TMnr_15-954-93.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Gatakaca, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1900"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Gatakaca, Tropenmuseum Collections, Indonesia, before 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Gatakaca_TMnr_15-954-93.jpg/267px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Gatakaca_TMnr_15-954-93.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Gatakaca_TMnr_15-954-93.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Gatakaca_TMnr_15-954-93.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Gatakaca_TMnr_15-954-93.jpg/533px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Gatakaca_TMnr_15-954-93.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/wiki/Gatakaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Gatakaca">Gatakaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> Collections, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1900</div> </li> </ul> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Lombok" title="Lombok">Lombok</a> (where Islam is predominant and Bali's influence is strong), vernacular <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">wayang kulit</i></span> is known as <i>wayang sasak</i>, with puppets similar to Javanese <i>ringgits</i>, a small orchestra with no <i><a href="/wiki/Pasindh%C3%A8n" title="Pasindhèn">sinden</a></i>, but flutes, <a href="/wiki/Metallophones" class="mw-redirect" title="Metallophones">metallophones</a> and drums. The repertoire is unique to the island and is based on the Muslim Menak Cycle (the adventures of <a href="/wiki/Amir_Hamzah" title="Amir Hamzah">Amir Hamzah</a>). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1715px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Some Sasak <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang Kulit</i></span> Figures</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZP_05_Repatmaja_00.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Repatmaja, Indonesia, 2006"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Repatmaja, Indonesia, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/ZP_05_Repatmaja_00.jpg/238px-ZP_05_Repatmaja_00.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/ZP_05_Repatmaja_00.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="299" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatmaja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repatmaja (page does not exist)">Repatmaja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, 2006</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZP_05_Jin_Jaswadi_00.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Jin Jaswadi, Indonesia, 2003"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Jin Jaswadi, Indonesia, 2003" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ZP_05_Jin_Jaswadi_00.jpg/274px-ZP_05_Jin_Jaswadi_00.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/ZP_05_Jin_Jaswadi_00.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="299" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_Jaswadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jin Jaswadi (page does not exist)">Jin Jaswadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, 2003</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZP_05_Selandir_00.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Selandir, Indonesia, 2003"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Selandir, Indonesia, 2003" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/ZP_05_Selandir_00.jpg/300px-ZP_05_Selandir_00.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/ZP_05_Selandir_00.jpg/450px-ZP_05_Selandir_00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/ZP_05_Selandir_00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="299" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selandir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selandir (page does not exist)">Selandir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, 2003</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZP_05_Kuraisin_00.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Kuraisin, Indonesia, 2003"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Kuraisin, Indonesia, 2003" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/ZP_05_Kuraisin_00.jpg/257px-ZP_05_Kuraisin_00.jpg" decoding="async" width="257" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/ZP_05_Kuraisin_00.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="299" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuraisin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuraisin (page does not exist)">Kuraisin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, 2003</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZP_05_Umarmaya_00.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Umarmaya, Indonesia, 2006"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Umarmaya, Indonesia, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/ZP_05_Umarmaya_00.jpg/293px-ZP_05_Umarmaya_00.jpg" decoding="async" width="293" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/ZP_05_Umarmaya_00.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="299" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umarmaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umarmaya (page does not exist)">Umarmaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, 2006</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZP_05_Putri_Munigarim_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Putri Munigarim, Indonesia, 2006"><img alt="Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) Putri Munigarim, Indonesia, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/ZP_05_Putri_Munigarim_01.jpg/264px-ZP_05_Putri_Munigarim_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/ZP_05_Putri_Munigarim_01.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="299" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a></i></span> (Shadow Puppet) Putri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Munigarim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Munigarim (page does not exist)">Munigarim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, 2006</div> </li> </ul> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a>, members of Javanese diaspora communities continued the art form from the nineteenth century, until the death of Nek Ichang, the island's <a href="/wiki/Dalang_(puppeteer)" title="Dalang (puppeteer)">dalang</a> (puppeteer) in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of the <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">wayang kulit</i></span> are in the collection of <a href="/wiki/Pulu_Cocos_Museum" title="Pulu Cocos Museum">Pulu Cocos Museum</a> and were featured on a set of Australian $1 and $2 stamps in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance">Performance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang_kulit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalang_Cilik_di_Ibu_Kota.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Dalang_Cilik_di_Ibu_Kota.jpg/300px-Dalang_Cilik_di_Ibu_Kota.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Dalang_Cilik_di_Ibu_Kota.jpg/450px-Dalang_Cilik_di_Ibu_Kota.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Dalang_Cilik_di_Ibu_Kota.jpg/600px-Dalang_Cilik_di_Ibu_Kota.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang kulit</i></span> is played by children in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The stage of a <i>wayang</i> performance includes several components. A stretched linen canvas (<i>kelir</i>) acts as a canvas, dividing the <i>dalang</i> (puppeteer) and the spectator. A coconut oil lamp (Javanese <i>blencong</i> or Balinese <i>damar</i>) – which in modern times is usually replaced with electric light – casts shadows onto the screen. A banana trunk (Javanese <i>gedebog</i>, Balinese <i>gedebong</i>) lies on the ground between the screen and the <i>dalang</i>, where the figures are stuck to hold them in place. To the right of the <i>dalang</i> sits the puppet chest, which the <i>dalang</i> uses as a drum during the performance, hitting it with a wooden mallet. In a Javanese <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">wayang kulit</i></span> performance, the <i>dalang</i> may use a cymbal-like percussion instrument at his feet to cue the musicians. The musicians sit behind the <i>dalang</i> in a gamelan orchestra setting. The <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a> orchestra is an integral part of the Javanese <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">wayang kulit</i></span> performance. The performance is accompanied by female singers (<i><a href="/wiki/Pasindh%C3%A8n" title="Pasindhèn">pesinden</a></i>) and male singers (<i>wirasuara</i>). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_kulit_warisan_budaya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wayang_kulit_warisan_budaya.jpg/300px-Wayang_kulit_warisan_budaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wayang_kulit_warisan_budaya.jpg/450px-Wayang_kulit_warisan_budaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wayang_kulit_warisan_budaya.jpg/600px-Wayang_kulit_warisan_budaya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang kulit</i></span> performance.</figcaption></figure> <p>The setting of the banana trunk on the ground and the canvas in the air symbolizes the earth and the sky; the whole composition symbolizes the entire cosmos. When the <i>dalang</i> animates the puppet figures and moves them across the screen, divine forces are understood to be acting in the hands with which he directs the happening. The lamp is a symbol of the sun as well as the eye of the <i>dalang</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A traditional <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">wayang kulit</i></span> performance begins after dark. The first of the three phases, in which the characters are introduced and the conflict is launched, lasts until midnight. The battles and intrigues of the second phase last about three hours. The third phase of reconciliation and friendship is finished at dawn.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Wayang</i> shadow plays are usually tales from the two major Hindu epics, the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>. The puppet master contextualizes stories from the plays, making them relevant to current community, national, or global issues. Gamelan players respond to the direction of the <i>dalang</i>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1715px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Gallery of <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang Kulit</i></span></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_kulit_lit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The puppet figures of a Javanese wayang kulit"><img alt="The puppet figures of a Javanese wayang kulit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Wayang_kulit_lit.jpg/300px-Wayang_kulit_lit.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Wayang_kulit_lit.jpg/450px-Wayang_kulit_lit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Wayang_kulit_lit.jpg/600px-Wayang_kulit_lit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2432" data-file-height="1368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The puppet figures of a Javanese <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">wayang kulit</i></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_kulit_painter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Painting the Wayang Kulit in a Yogyakarta factory"><img alt="Painting the Wayang Kulit in a Yogyakarta factory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Wayang_kulit_painter.jpg/300px-Wayang_kulit_painter.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Wayang_kulit_painter.jpg/450px-Wayang_kulit_painter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Wayang_kulit_painter.jpg/600px-Wayang_kulit_painter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="1296" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Painting the <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang Kulit</i></span> in a <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a> factory</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Kulit_maker.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carving the leather in a Yogyakarta factory"><img alt="Carving the leather in a Yogyakarta factory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wayang_Kulit_maker.jpg/147px-Wayang_Kulit_maker.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wayang_Kulit_maker.jpg/221px-Wayang_Kulit_maker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wayang_Kulit_maker.jpg/295px-Wayang_Kulit_maker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1818" data-file-height="2463" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carving the leather in a <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a> factory</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Kulit_in_Bali.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="In the specialized village of Sukawati, Bali"><img alt="In the specialized village of Sukawati, Bali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Wayang_Kulit_in_Bali.jpg/267px-Wayang_Kulit_in_Bali.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Wayang_Kulit_in_Bali.jpg/400px-Wayang_Kulit_in_Bali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Wayang_Kulit_in_Bali.jpg/533px-Wayang_Kulit_in_Bali.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1524" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">In the specialized village of <a href="/wiki/Sukawati" title="Sukawati">Sukawati</a>, Bali</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Making_of_a_Ringgit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="All stages of the making of a Wayang Kulit"><img alt="All stages of the making of a Wayang Kulit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Making_of_a_Ringgit.jpg/300px-Making_of_a_Ringgit.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Making_of_a_Ringgit.jpg/450px-Making_of_a_Ringgit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Making_of_a_Ringgit.jpg/600px-Making_of_a_Ringgit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">All stages of the making of a <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang Kulit</i></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Kulit,_Central_Java.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Central Javanese Wayang Kulit"><img alt="Central Javanese Wayang Kulit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wayang_Kulit%2C_Central_Java.jpg/150px-Wayang_Kulit%2C_Central_Java.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wayang_Kulit%2C_Central_Java.jpg/225px-Wayang_Kulit%2C_Central_Java.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wayang_Kulit%2C_Central_Java.jpg/300px-Wayang_Kulit%2C_Central_Java.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="1261" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Central Javanese <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang Kulit</i></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Kulit,_Bali.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Balinese Wayang Kulit"><img alt="Balinese Wayang Kulit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wayang_Kulit%2C_Bali.jpg/267px-Wayang_Kulit%2C_Bali.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wayang_Kulit%2C_Bali.jpg/400px-Wayang_Kulit%2C_Bali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wayang_Kulit%2C_Bali.jpg/533px-Wayang_Kulit%2C_Bali.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1581" data-file-height="1186" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Balinese <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang Kulit</i></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pagelaran-wayang-kulit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang kulit performance"><img alt="Wayang kulit performance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Pagelaran-wayang-kulit.jpg/267px-Pagelaran-wayang-kulit.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Pagelaran-wayang-kulit.jpg/400px-Pagelaran-wayang-kulit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Pagelaran-wayang-kulit.jpg/533px-Pagelaran-wayang-kulit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang kulit</i></span> performance</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang_kulit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wayang_kulit" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wayang kulit">Wayang kulit</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang">Wayang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayang_golek" title="Wayang golek">Wayang golek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayang_beber" title="Wayang beber">Wayang beber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia" title="Culture of Indonesia">Culture of Indonesia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang_kulit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNessPrawirohardjo1980" class="citation book cs1">Ness, Edward C. Van; Prawirohardjo, Shita (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HdVkAAAAMAAJ&q=wayang+kulit"><i>Javanese Wayang Kulit: An Introduction</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195804140" title="Special:BookSources/9780195804140"><bdi>9780195804140</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Javanese+Wayang+Kulit%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780195804140&rft.aulast=Ness&rft.aufirst=Edward+C.+Van&rft.au=Prawirohardjo%2C+Shita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHdVkAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dwayang%2Bkulit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00063">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Wayang puppet theatre", Inscribed in 2008 (3.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (originally proclaimed in 2003)"</a>. UNESCO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Wayang+puppet+theatre%22%2C+Inscribed+in+2008+%283.COM%29+on+the+Representative+List+of+the+Intangible+Cultural+Heritage+of+Humanity+%28originally+proclaimed+in+2003%29&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Fich%2Findex.php%3Flg%3Den%26pg%3D00011%26RL%3D00063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mair, Victor H. <i>Painting and Performance: Picture Recitation and Its Indian Genesis</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988. p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brandon1432-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brandon1432_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_R._Brandon2009" class="citation book cs1">James R. Brandon (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g-tAlBV5_LkC"><i>Theatre in Southeast Asia</i></a>. Harvard University Press. pp. 143–145, 352–353. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02874-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02874-6"><bdi>978-0-674-02874-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theatre+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=143-145%2C+352-353&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02874-6&rft.au=James+R.+Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg-tAlBV5_LkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britwayang2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britwayang2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britwayang2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/wayang">"Wayang: Indonesian Theatre"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i>. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wayang%3A+Indonesian+Theatre&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Fwayang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rubin2001p1842-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rubin2001p1842_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDon_RubinChua_Soo_PongRavi_Chaturvedi2001" class="citation book cs1">Don Rubin; Chua Soo Pong; Ravi Chaturvedi; et al. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=maGU4ziPQJQC&pg=PA184"><i>The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia/Pacific</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 184–186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26087-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26087-9"><bdi>978-0-415-26087-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Theatre%3A+Asia%2FPacific&rft.pages=184-186&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-26087-9&rft.au=Don+Rubin&rft.au=Chua+Soo+Pong&rft.au=Ravi+Chaturvedi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmaGU4ziPQJQC%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO4_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00063">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Wayang puppet theatre", Inscribed in 2008 (3.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (originally proclaimed in 2003)"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Wayang+puppet+theatre%22%2C+Inscribed+in+2008+%283.COM%29+on+the+Representative+List+of+the+Intangible+Cultural+Heritage+of+Humanity+%28originally+proclaimed+in+2003%29&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Fich%2Findex.php%3Flg%3Den%26pg%3D00011%26RL%3D00063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brandon424-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brandon424_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brandon424_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brandon424_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brandon424_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_R._Brandon2009" class="citation book cs1">James R. Brandon (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g-tAlBV5_LkC"><i>Theatre in Southeast Asia</i></a>. Harvard University Press. pp. 42–44, 65, 92–94, 278. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02874-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02874-6"><bdi>978-0-674-02874-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theatre+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=42-44%2C+65%2C+92-94%2C+278&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02874-6&rft.au=James+R.+Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg-tAlBV5_LkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paramita-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paramita_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinda_SunartiTeuku_Reza_Fadeli2018" class="citation journal cs1">Linda Sunarti; Teuku Reza Fadeli (2018). "Tracing Javanese Identity And Culture In Malaysia Asimilation And Adaptation Of Javanese In Malaysia". <i>Paramita: Historical Studies Journal</i>. <b>28</b> (1): 52, 54–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15294%2Fparamita.v28i1.10923">10.15294/paramita.v28i1.10923</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0854-0039">0854-0039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paramita%3A+Historical+Studies+Journal&rft.atitle=Tracing+Javanese+Identity+And+Culture+In+Malaysia+Asimilation+And+Adaptation+Of+Javanese+In+Malaysia&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=52%2C+54-5&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15294%2Fparamita.v28i1.10923&rft.issn=0854-0039&rft.au=Linda+Sunarti&rft.au=Teuku+Reza+Fadeli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaho_A._Ishiguro2018" class="citation journal cs1">Maho A. 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"<i>Malay Theatre: Intangible Cultural Heritage and Islam: Wayang Kulit Kelantan and Mak Yong</i> by Kathy Foley and Patricia Hardwick, and: <i>Tradition in Transition: Intangible Heritage in South and Southeast Asia</i> (review)". <i>Asian Theatre Journal</i>. <b>35</b> (1): 216–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Theatre+Journal&rft.atitle=Malay+Theatre%3A+Intangible+Cultural+Heritage+and+Islam%3A+Wayang+Kulit+Kelantan+and+Mak+Yong+by+Kathy+Foley+and+Patricia+Hardwick%2C+and%3A+Tradition+in+Transition%3A+Intangible+Heritage+in+South+and+Southeast+Asia+%28review%29&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=216-21&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Maho+A.+Ishiguro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-miyao1422-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-miyao1422_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiyao1977" class="citation journal cs1">Miyao, J. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5512%2Fsea.1977.142">"P. L. Amin Sweeney and Akira Goto (ed.) An International Seminar on the Shadow Plays of Asia"</a>. <i>Southeast Asia: History and Culture</i>. <b>1977</b> (7). Japan Society for Southeast Asian Studies: 142–146. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5512%2Fsea.1977.142">10.5512/sea.1977.142</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southeast+Asia%3A+History+and+Culture&rft.atitle=P.+L.+Amin+Sweeney+and+Akira+Goto+%28ed.%29+An+International+Seminar+on+the+Shadow+Plays+of+Asia&rft.volume=1977&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=142-146&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5512%2Fsea.1977.142&rft.aulast=Miyao&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5512%252Fsea.1977.142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bonnefoy1623-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bonnefoy1623_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYves_Bonnefoy1993" class="citation book cs1">Yves Bonnefoy (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r4I-FsZCzJEC&pg=PA162"><i>Asian Mythologies</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-06456-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-06456-7"><bdi>978-0-226-06456-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+Mythologies&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-226-06456-7&rft.au=Yves+Bonnefoy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr4I-FsZCzJEC%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathy_Foley2016" class="citation book cs1">Kathy Foley (2016). Siyuan Liu (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H1iFCwAAQBAJ"><i>Routledge Handbook of Asian Theatre</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 181–182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27886-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27886-3"><bdi>978-1-317-27886-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+Asian+Theatre&rft.pages=181-182&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-27886-3&rft.au=Kathy+Foley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH1iFCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathy_Foley2016" class="citation book cs1">Kathy Foley (2016). Siyuan Liu (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H1iFCwAAQBAJ"><i>Routledge Handbook of Asian Theatre</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 182–184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27886-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27886-3"><bdi>978-1-317-27886-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+Asian+Theatre&rft.pages=182-184&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-27886-3&rft.au=Kathy+Foley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH1iFCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaradpande1987" class="citation book cs1">Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SyxOHOCVcVkC&pg=PA75"><i>History of Indian Theatre, Volume 1</i></a>. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170172215" title="Special:BookSources/9788170172215"><bdi>9788170172215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Indian+Theatre%2C+Volume+1&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9788170172215&rft.aulast=Varadpande&rft.aufirst=Manohar+Laxman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSyxOHOCVcVkC%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indonesia.go.id3-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-indonesia.go.id3_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indonesia.go.id/ragam/seni/seni/keragaman-wayang-indonesia">"Keragaman Wayang Indonesia"</a>. indonesia.go.id<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Keragaman+Wayang+Indonesia&rft.pub=indonesia.go.id&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findonesia.go.id%2Fragam%2Fseni%2Fseni%2Fkeragaman-wayang-indonesia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrs._R._Soekmono1973" class="citation book cs1">Drs. R. Soekmono (1973). <i><span></span></i>Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2<i>, 2nd ed. 5th reprint edition in 1988</i>. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius. p. 56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pengantar+Sejarah+Kebudayaan+Indonesia+2%2C+2nd+ed.+5th+reprint+edition+in+1988&rft.place=Yogyakarta&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Penerbit+Kanisius&rft.date=1973&rft.au=Drs.+R.+Soekmono&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MediaIndonesia2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MediaIndonesia2_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mediaindonesia.com/weekend/293393/cerita-panji-pusaka-budaya-nusantara-yang-tidak-habis-digali">"Cerita Panji, Pusaka Budaya Nusantara yang tidak Habis Digali"</a>. www.mediaindonesia.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cerita+Panji%2C+Pusaka+Budaya+Nusantara+yang+tidak+Habis+Digali&rft.pub=www.mediaindonesia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmediaindonesia.com%2Fweekend%2F293393%2Fcerita-panji-pusaka-budaya-nusantara-yang-tidak-habis-digali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claire Holt. <i>Art in Indonesia, Continuities and Changes</i>. Cornell University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guenter Spitzing. <i>Das Indonesische Schattenspiel</i>. Dumont Taschenbuecher.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James R. Brandon. <i>On Thrones of Gold, Javanese Shadow Plays</i>. Harvard University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qbz-WGBustUC&dq=amangku+dalang&pg=PA14"><i>Religion in Bali</i>, by C. Hooykaas, University of Leiden</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicasa2020" class="citation book cs1">Ricasa, Lourdes Odette Aquitania (2020-12-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v70xEAAAQBAJ&dq=pulu+cocos+museum&pg=PT216"><i>Love Echoes...Share and Inspire</i></a>. AuthorHouse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-6655-0940-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-6655-0940-4"><bdi>978-1-6655-0940-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Love+Echoes...Share+and+Inspire&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2020-12-21&rft.isbn=978-1-6655-0940-4&rft.aulast=Ricasa&rft.aufirst=Lourdes+Odette+Aquitania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv70xEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dpulu%2Bcocos%2Bmuseum%26pg%3DPT216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://australiapostcollectables.com.au/stamp-issues/cocos-keeling-islands-shadow-puppets">"Cocos (Keeling) Islands Shadow Puppets"</a>. <i>Australia Post Collectables</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australia+Post+Collectables&rft.atitle=Cocos+%28Keeling%29+Islands+Shadow+Puppets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faustraliapostcollectables.com.au%2Fstamp-issues%2Fcocos-keeling-islands-shadow-puppets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoley1990" class="citation journal cs1">Foley, Kathy (1990). "My Bodies: The Performer in West Java". <i>TDR</i>. <b>34</b> (2): 62–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1146027">10.2307/1146027</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1146027">1146027</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TDR&rft.atitle=My+Bodies%3A+The+Performer+in+West+Java&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=62-80&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1146027&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1146027%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Foley&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span> here p. 75f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorsovitis2001" class="citation journal cs1">Korsovitis, Constantine (2001). "Ways of the Wayang". <i>India International Centre Quarterly</i>. <b>28</b> (2): 59–68. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23005511">23005511</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+International+Centre+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Ways+of+the+Wayang&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=59-68&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23005511%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Korsovitis&rft.aufirst=Constantine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span> here p. 60.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang_kulit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balibeyond.com/wayang.html">"Bali & Beyond Educational Resources"</a>. <i>www.balibeyond.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.balibeyond.com&rft.atitle=Bali+%26+Beyond+Educational+Resources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balibeyond.com%2Fwayang.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minyos.its.rmit.edu.au/~dwa/WayangKulit.html">"Wayang Kulit - a shadow play"</a>. <i>minyos.its.rmit.edu.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=minyos.its.rmit.edu.au&rft.atitle=Wayang+Kulit+-+a+shadow+play&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminyos.its.rmit.edu.au%2F~dwa%2FWayangKulit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Shadow Music of Java</i>, CD with thirteen-page booklet. Rounder CD 5060.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhaniIshak2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ghani, Dahlan Abdul; Ishak, Sidin Bin Ahmad (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcis.ro/images/documente/rcis37_09.pdf">"Relationship Between The Art of Wayang Kulit and Disney's Twelve Principles of Animation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Revista de Cercetare şi Intervenţie Socială</i> (37): 162–179.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+de+Cercetare+%C5%9Fi+Interven%C5%A3ie+Social%C4%83&rft.atitle=Relationship+Between+The+Art+of+Wayang+Kulit+and+Disney%27s+Twelve+Principles+of+Animation&rft.issue=37&rft.pages=162-179&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Ghani&rft.aufirst=Dahlan+Abdul&rft.au=Ishak%2C+Sidin+Bin+Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcis.ro%2Fimages%2Fdocumente%2Frcis37_09.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang+kulit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYousofKhor2017" class="citation journal cs1">Yousof, Ghulam-Sarwar; Khor, Kheng-Kia (2017). "Wayang Kulit Kelantan: A Study of Characterization and Puppets". <i>Asian Theatre Journal</i>. <b>34</b> (1): 1–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fatj.2017.0002">10.1353/atj.2017.0002</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164974717">164974717</a>.</cite><span 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decoding="async" width="113" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Persaudaraan_Setia_Hati_Terate_-_Tendangan_terbang.jpg/170px-Persaudaraan_Setia_Hati_Terate_-_Tendangan_terbang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Persaudaraan_Setia_Hati_Terate_-_Tendangan_terbang.jpg/225px-Persaudaraan_Setia_Hati_Terate_-_Tendangan_terbang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Pencak_silat" title="Pencak silat">Pencak silat</a> (2019) </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Surat_pantun_cara_Lampung.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Surat_pantun_cara_Lampung.png/124px-Surat_pantun_cara_Lampung.png" decoding="async" width="124" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Surat_pantun_cara_Lampung.png/187px-Surat_pantun_cara_Lampung.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Surat_pantun_cara_Lampung.png/248px-Surat_pantun_cara_Lampung.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1211" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Pantun" title="Pantun">Pantun</a> (2020) </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kraton_Jogja-Gamelan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kraton_Jogja-Gamelan.jpg/100px-Kraton_Jogja-Gamelan.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kraton_Jogja-Gamelan.jpg/151px-Kraton_Jogja-Gamelan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kraton_Jogja-Gamelan.jpg/200px-Kraton_Jogja-Gamelan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">Gamelan</a> (2021) </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_in_Need_of_Urgent_Safeguarding" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="List_of_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_in_Need_of_Urgent_Safeguarding" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" 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