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class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>As Guangdong's top official</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_Guangdong's_top_official-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Retirement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Xi Zhongxun</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86" title="شي تشونغ شون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شي تشونغ شون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%8Dp_Ti%C5%8Dng-hun" title="Si̍p Tiōng-hun – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Si̍p Tiōng-hun" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si_%C4%8Cung-s%C3%BCn" title="Si Čung-sün – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Si Čung-sün" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Xi Zhongxun" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Xi Zhongxun" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Xi Zhongxun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%A4%91%EC%89%B0" title="시중쉰 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시중쉰" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Xi Zhongxun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Xi Zhongxun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Xi Zhongxun" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BF%92%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%B2" title="習仲勲 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="習仲勲" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Xi Zhongxun" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Xi Zhongxun" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xi Zhongxun" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Си Чжунсюнь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Си Чжунсюнь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Xi Zhongxun" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Xi Zhongxun" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%BA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="สี จ้งซฺวิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สี จ้งซฺวิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Xi Zhongxun" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сі Чжунсюнь – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сі Чжунсюнь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng_Hu%C3%A2n" title="Tập Trọng Huân – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tập Trọng Huân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BF%92%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%B3" title="習仲勳 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="習仲勳" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%A0%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%8B" title="习仲勋 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="习仲勋" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BF%92%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%B2" title="習仲勲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="習仲勲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%A0%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%8B" title="习仲勋 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="习仲勋" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q301282#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Xi_Zhongxun" rel="discussion" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese politician (1913–2002), father of Xi Jinping</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Xi_(surname)" title="Xi (surname)">Xí</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-style: normal;">习</span></span>)</i>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Xi Zhongxun</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="zh-Hans-CN"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">习仲勋</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi_Zhongxun3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/Xi_Zhongxun3.jpg/220px-Xi_Zhongxun3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1c/Xi_Zhongxun3.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="362" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Xi in the 1990s</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 September 1980 – 15 March 1993</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ye_Jianying" title="Ye Jianying">Ye Jianying</a>→<a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng Zhen</a>→<a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_Secretary_of_Guangdong" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party Secretary of Guangdong">Communist Party Secretary of Guangdong</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 1978 – November 1980</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guoqing" title="Wei Guoqing">Wei Guoqing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ren_Zhongyi" title="Ren Zhongyi">Ren Zhongyi</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Guangdong" title="Governor of Guangdong">Governor of Guangdong</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 1979 – February 1981</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Wei Guoqing<br /><small>(as Director of the Guangdong Provincial Revolutionary Committee)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Tianfu" title="Liu Tianfu">Liu Tianfu</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General of the State Council</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 1954 – January 1965</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Li_Weihan" title="Li Weihan">Li Weihan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Rongxin" title="Zhou Rongxin">Zhou Rongxin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">14th Head of the <a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 1953 – July 1954</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party">Party Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lu_Dingyi" title="Lu Dingyi">Lu Dingyi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lu_Dingyi" title="Lu Dingyi">Lu Dingyi</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1913-10-15</span>)</span>15 October 1913<br /><a href="/wiki/Fuping_County,_Shaanxi" title="Fuping County, Shaanxi">Fuping County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">24 May 2002<span style="display:none">(2002-05-24)</span> (aged 88)<br /><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (joined in 1928)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (1937–1945)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Hao Mingzhu<br /><a href="/wiki/Qi_Xin" title="Qi Xin">Qi Xin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">7, including <a href="/wiki/Qi_Qiaoqiao" title="Qi Qiaoqiao">Qi Qiaoqiao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xi_Yuanping" title="Xi Yuanping">Xi Yuanping</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Xi Zhongxun</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">习仲勋</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">習仲勲</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Xí Zhòngxūn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Hsi Chung-hsün</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Zaap6 Zung6-fan1</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Xi Zhongxun</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 习仲勋; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i>Xí Zhòngxūn;</i> 15 October 1913 – 24 May 2002) was a Chinese communist revolutionary and politician who was the 1st <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary General of the State Council</a> from 1954 to 1965; <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_Secretary_of_Guangdong" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party Secretary of Guangdong">Communist Party Secretary of Guangdong</a> from 1978 to 1980; and <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a> from 1980 to 1993. His second son, <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>, is the <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a> since 2012. </p><p>He is considered to be among the first and second <a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Chinese_leadership" title="Generations of Chinese leadership">generation of Chinese leadership</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vnx_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vnx-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contributions he made to the Chinese communist revolution and the development of the People's Republic, from the founding of Communist guerrilla bases in northwestern China in the 1930s to initiation of <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalization" title="Economic liberalization">economic liberalization</a> in southern China in the 1980s, are numerous and broad. He was known for political moderation and for the setbacks he endured in his career. He was imprisoned and purged several times. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xi was born on 15 October 1913, to a land-owning family, in rural <a href="/wiki/Fuping_County,_Shaanxi" title="Fuping County, Shaanxi">Fuping County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents, Xi Zongde and Chai Caihua, died when he was a teenager.<sup id="cite_ref-sheridan20_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheridan20-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Youth_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Communist Youth League">Chinese Communist Youth League</a> in May 1926 and took part in student demonstrations in the spring of 1928, for which he was imprisoned by the ruling <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">nationalist</a> authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In prison, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Red_Army">Red Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Red Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1930, Xi was appointed by the party to work in the <a href="/wiki/Guominjun" title="Guominjun">Guominjun</a> under <a href="/wiki/Yang_Hucheng" title="Yang Hucheng">Yang Hucheng</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1932, he led an unsuccessful uprising within that army in <a href="/wiki/Liangdang_County" title="Liangdang County">Liangdang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, he joined Communist guerrillas north of the <a href="/wiki/Wei_River" title="Wei River">Wei River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1933, he joined <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhidan" title="Liu Zhidan">Liu Zhidan</a> and others in founding the Shaanxi–Gansu (Shaangan) Border Region Soviet Area, and became the chairman of the Soviet area government while leading guerillas in resisting Nationalist incursions and expanding the Soviet area.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1935, the Shaanxi–Gansu Border and Northern Shaanxi Soviet Areas merged to form the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_base_area" title="Revolutionary base area">Revolutionary Base Area</a> of the Northwest and Xi became one of the leaders of the base area.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in September 1935, he along with Liu Zhidan and <a href="/wiki/Gao_Gang" title="Gao Gang">Gao Gang</a> were jailed during a Leftist rectification campaign within the party.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By his own account, he was within four days of being executed when <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP Chairman</a> <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> arrived on the scene and ordered Xi and his comrades released.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated13_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated13-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xi's guerrilla base in the Northwest gave refuge to Mao Zedong and the party center, and allowed them to end the <a href="/wiki/Long_March" title="Long March">Long March</a>. It is said that Xi's "Revolutionary Base Area of the Northwest saved the Party Center and the Party Center saved the revolutionaries of the Northwest."<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated13_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated13-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The base area eventually became the <a href="/wiki/Yan%27an_Soviet" title="Yan'an Soviet">Yan'an Soviet</a>, the headquarters of the Chinese Communist movement until 1947. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sino-Japanese_War">Sino-Japanese War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sino-Japanese War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>, Xi stayed in the Yan'an Soviet to manage civilian and military affairs, boost economic production within the Soviet, and implement party policies.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was known for evaluating policies based on empirical assessment and resisting "leftist" extremism in implementing party directives.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/7th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="7th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">7th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party</a> in August 1945, he was named an alternate member of the Central Committee and became the deputy director of the party's organization department, in charge of making personnel decision.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As World War II in China was winding down, he defeated a Nationalist attack on the Yan'an Soviet at Futaishan and assisted the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_the_North_China_Plain_Pocket" title="Campaign of the North China Plain Pocket">breakout</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhen_(general)" title="Wang Zhen (general)">Wang Zhen</a>'s 359 Brigade from the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_Civil_War_and_post-war_transition">Chinese Civil War and post-war transition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chinese Civil War and post-war transition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xzx1949.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Xzx1949.jpg/250px-Xzx1949.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Xzx1949.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="233" /></a><figcaption>Xi in 1949</figcaption></figure> <p>With the outbreak of full-scale <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">civil war</a> between Communists and Nationalists in early 1947, Xi remained in northwestern China to coordinate the protection and then recapture of the Yan'an Soviet Area.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As political commissar, Xi and commander <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zongxun" title="Zhang Zongxun">Zhang Zongxun</a> defeated Nationalists west of Yan'an at the Battle of Xihuachi in March 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Yan'an fell to <a href="/wiki/Hu_Zongnan" title="Hu Zongnan">Hu Zongnan</a> on 19 March 1947, Xi worked on the staff of <a href="/wiki/Peng_Dehuai" title="Peng Dehuai">Peng Dehuai</a> in the battles to retake Yan'an and capture <a href="/wiki/Northwest_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest China">northwest China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xi directed the political work of the Northwest Political and Military Affairs Bureau, which was tasked with bringing Communist governance to the newly captured areas of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest China">Northwest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this capacity, Xi was known for his moderate policies and the use of non-military means to pacify rebellious areas.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xi was sometimes critical of the <a href="/wiki/Land_Reform_Movement_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Reform Movement (China)">land reform movement</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was an advocate for the position of the middle peasantry.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As violence increased in 1948, Xi reported that activists in the northwest had sometimes falsely designated landlords and manufactured struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1952, Xi Zhongxun halted the campaign of <a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhen_(general)" title="Wang Zhen (general)">Wang Zhen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deng_Liqun" title="Deng Liqun">Deng Liqun</a> to implement land reform and class struggle to pastoralist regions of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated10_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xi, based on experience in Inner Mongolia, advised against assigning class labels and waging class struggle among pastoralists, but was ignored by Wang and Deng who directed the seizure of livestock from landowners and land from religious authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated10_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The policies inflamed social unrest in pastoralist northern Xinjiang where <a href="/wiki/Ospan_Batyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Ospan Batyr">Ospan Batyr</a> uprising had just been quelled.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated10_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the support of Mao, Xi reversed the policies, had Wang Zhen relieved from Xinjiang and released over a thousand herders from prison.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated10_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi_Zhongxun,_Saifuddin_Azizi,_Burhan_Shahidi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Xi_Zhongxun%2C_Saifuddin_Azizi%2C_Burhan_Shahidi.jpg/250px-Xi_Zhongxun%2C_Saifuddin_Azizi%2C_Burhan_Shahidi.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Xi_Zhongxun%2C_Saifuddin_Azizi%2C_Burhan_Shahidi.jpg/375px-Xi_Zhongxun%2C_Saifuddin_Azizi%2C_Burhan_Shahidi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Xi_Zhongxun%2C_Saifuddin_Azizi%2C_Burhan_Shahidi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption>Xi Zhongxun (middle) with Xinjiang leaders <a href="/wiki/Burhan_Shahidi" title="Burhan Shahidi">Burhan Shahidi</a> (right) and <a href="/wiki/Saifuddin_Azizi" title="Saifuddin Azizi">Saifuddin Azizi</a> (left) in 1952.</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 1951, following the Communists' defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Ma_Clique" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma Clique">Ma Clique</a> armies in <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>, remnants of the Muslim warlords incited rebellion among Tibetan tribesmen.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among those who took up arms was chieftain Xiang Qian of the Nganglha Tribe in eastern <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the PLA sent troops to quell the uprising, Xi Zhongxun urged for a political solution.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous envoys including <a href="/wiki/Geshe_Sherab_Gyatso" title="Geshe Sherab Gyatso">Geshe Sherab Gyatso</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a> went to negotiate.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Xiang Qian rebuffed dozens of offers and the PLA managed to capture the chieftain's villages, Xi continued to pursue a political solution.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He released captured tribesmen, offered generous terms to Xiang Qian and forgave those who took part in the uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1952, Xiang Qian returned from hiding in the mountains, pledged his allegiance to the People's Republic and was invited by Xi to attend the graduation ceremony of the Nationalities College in Lanzhou.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1953, Xiang Qiang became the chief of <a href="/wiki/Jainca_County" title="Jainca County">Jainca County</a>. Mao compared Xi's deft treatment of Xiang Qian to <a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Liang" title="Zhuge Liang">Zhuge Liang</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Conciliation" title="Conciliation">conciliation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Meng_Huo" title="Meng Huo">Meng Huo</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Romance of the Three Kingdoms">Romance of the Three Kingdoms</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a> visited Beijing in 1954 for several months of political meetings and studies in Chinese and Marxism, Xi spent time with the Tibetan leader, who fondly recalled Xi as "very friendly, comparatively open-minded, very nice."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a gift, the Dalai Lama gave Xi an Omega watch.<sup id="cite_ref-HindustanTimes_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HindustanTimes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Dalai Lama's brother visited Beijing in the early 1980s, Xi was still wearing that watch.<sup id="cite_ref-HindustanTimes_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HindustanTimes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_offices_in_Beijing,_purge"><span id="High_offices_in_Beijing.2C_purge"></span>High offices in Beijing, purge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: High offices in Beijing, purge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi_Zhongxun_on_struggle_session_in_September_1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Xi_Zhongxun_on_struggle_session_in_September_1967.jpg/220px-Xi_Zhongxun_on_struggle_session_in_September_1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Xi_Zhongxun_on_struggle_session_in_September_1967.jpg/330px-Xi_Zhongxun_on_struggle_session_in_September_1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Xi_Zhongxun_on_struggle_session_in_September_1967.jpg/440px-Xi_Zhongxun_on_struggle_session_in_September_1967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Xi Zhongxun was brought to a <a href="/wiki/Struggle_session" title="Struggle session">struggle session</a> at Northwest A&F University in September 1967, during the Cultural Revolution.</figcaption></figure> <p>In September 1952, Xi Zhongxun became chief of the party's propaganda department and supervised cultural and education policies.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/8th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">8th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party</a> in 1956, he was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/CCP_Central_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="CCP Central Committee">CCP Central Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, he became a vice-premier and worked under Premier <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> in directing the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a>'s lawmaking and policy research functions.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962, he was accused by <a href="/wiki/Kang_Sheng" title="Kang Sheng">Kang Sheng</a> of leading an anti-party clique for supporting the <i>Biography of <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhidan" title="Liu Zhidan">Liu Zhidan</a></i>, and purged from all leadership positions.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The biography, written by Li Jiantong (<span lang="zh">李建彤</span>) to commemorate Xi's former comrade who died a party martyr in 1936, was alleged to be a covert effort to subvert the party by rehabilitating <a href="/wiki/Gao_Gang" title="Gao Gang">Gao Gang</a>, another former comrade who had been purged in 1954. Xi Zhongxun was forced to undergo self-criticism and in 1965 was demoted to the position of a deputy manager of a tractor factory in <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated14_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, he was persecuted, jailed and spent long periods in confinement in Beijing.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated14_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He regained his freedom in May 1975 and was assigned to another factory in Luoyang.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated14_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_Guangdong's_top_official"><span id="As_Guangdong.27s_top_official"></span>As Guangdong's top official</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: As Guangdong's top official"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Cultural Revolution ended, Xi was fully rehabilitated at the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Plenary_Session_of_the_11th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Third Plenary Session of the 11th CCP Central Committee</a> in December 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1978 to 1981, he held leadership roles in <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong Province">Guangdong Province</a>, successively as the second and then first provincial secretary, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Guangdong" title="Governor of Guangdong">governor</a> and political commissar of the Guangdong Military Region.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Guangdong, he stabilized the provincial government and began to liberalize the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZTE_Shenzhen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/ZTE_Shenzhen.JPG/250px-ZTE_Shenzhen.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/ZTE_Shenzhen.JPG/375px-ZTE_Shenzhen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/ZTE_Shenzhen.JPG/500px-ZTE_Shenzhen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>To curb further immigration to Hong Kong, in 1979, Xi Zhongxun arranged for the creation of <a href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zones_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China">special economic zones</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong Province">Guangdong Province</a> including <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, pictured here, which has grown to become <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population">one of the largest cities in China</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>When he first arrived in Guangdong, he was told the provincial government had long been struggling to hold back the exodus of Chinese to Hong Kong since 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated15_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated15-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, daily wages in Guangdong averaged 0.70 yuan, about 1/100 of wages in Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated15_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated15-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xi understood the disparity in standards of living and called for economic liberalisation in Guangdong.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated15_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated15-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Yang_Shangkun" title="Yang Shangkun">Yang Shangkun</a>, who at the time was also a key Guangdong official, Xi told <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> that Guangdong should become a national demonstration zone for <a href="/wiki/Reform_and_Opening_Up" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform and Opening Up">Reform and Opening Up</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: xvii">: xvii </span></sup> In meetings in April 1979, Xi convinced Deng to permit Guangdong to make its own foreign trade policy decisions and to invite foreign investment to projects in experimental areas along the provincial border with Hong Kong and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a>, which has a large overseas diaspora.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated16_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As for the name of the experimental areas, Deng said, "let's call them, 'special zones', [after all, your] Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region began as a 'special zone'."<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated16_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deng added, "The Central Government has no funds, but we can give you some favorable policies." Borrowing a phrase from their guerrilla war days, Deng told Xi, "You have to find a way, to fight a bloody path out."<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated16_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xi submitted a formal proposal on the creation of special zones, later renamed special economic zones and in July 1979, the party center and State Council approved the creation of the first four <a href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zones_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China">special economic zones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated15_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated15-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated16_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retirement">Retirement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1981, Xi returned to Beijing and was elected the deputy chair of the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a> and also held the chair of the legal affairs committee.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this capacity, he oversaw the drafting of numerous laws.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1982, he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP Politburo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP secretariat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, Deng Xiaoping and powerful elder <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a> were dissatisfied with the liberal inclination of <a href="/wiki/Hu_Yaobang" title="Hu Yaobang">Hu Yaobang</a>, and called a meeting to force Hu to resign as CCP General Secretary. Xi was the only one that defended Hu. Xi retired from public service in March 1993 and spent most of his retirement years in <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated15_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated15-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xi Zhongxun attended the <a href="/wiki/50th_anniversary_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="50th anniversary of the People's Republic of China">50th anniversary of the People's Republic of China</a> in Beijing in October 1999. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1936, Xi married Hao Mingzhu, the niece of revolutionary fighter Wu Daifeng, in Shaanxi. The union lasted until 1944, and the couple had three children: one son, Xi Fuping (aka Xi Zhengning), and two daughters, Xi Heping, and Xi Ganping.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrésy20168_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrésy20168-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to official records, Xi Heping died during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> due to persecution, which historians have concluded means that she most likely committed suicide under duress.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Little is known about Xi Ganping, except that she was retired by 2013 and regularly appears at meetings of <a href="/wiki/Princelings" title="Princelings">Princelings</a>. Xi Zhengning, meanwhile, was a researcher in the Ministry of Defence but later pursued a bureaucratic career; he died in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrésy20169_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrésy20169-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1944, Xi Zhongxun married <a href="/wiki/Qi_Xin" title="Qi Xin">Qi Xin</a>, his second wife, and had four children: <a href="/wiki/Qi_Qiaoqiao" title="Qi Qiaoqiao">Qi Qiaoqiao</a>, Xi An'an, <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xi_Yuanping" title="Xi Yuanping">Xi Yuanping</a>. Xi Jinping became the <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman of the Central Military Commission</a>, thus the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">paramount leader</a> of China, from 15 November 2012, and has been <a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President of the People's Republic of China</a> since March 2013. </p><p>Xi Zhongxun died 24 May 2002. His funeral and subsequent cremation at <a href="/wiki/Babaoshan_Revolutionary_Cemetery" title="Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery">Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery</a> on 30 May was attended by party and state leaders, including President <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a>, Premier <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu Rongji</a>, and Vice President <a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a>. His ashes were subsequently buried at a cemetery named in honor of him at Fuping County.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His official obituary described him as "an outstanding proletarian revolutionary," "a great communist soldier," and "one of the main founders and leaders of the revolutionary base areas in the Shaanxi-Gansu border region." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-vnx-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vnx_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFĐình_Nguyễn" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Đình Nguyễn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vnexpress.net/GL/The-gioi/Tu-lieu/2010/10/3BA21CB3/">"Tập Cận Bình – 'Lãnh đạo tương lai' của Trung Quốc"</a> (in Vietnamese). Vnexpress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%E1%BA%ADp+C%E1%BA%ADn+B%C3%ACnh+%E2%80%93+%27L%C3%A3nh+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o+t%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+lai%27+c%E1%BB%A7a+Trung+Qu%E1%BB%91c&rft.pub=Vnexpress&rft.au=%C4%90%C3%ACnh+Nguy%E1%BB%85n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvnexpress.net%2FGL%2FThe-gioi%2FTu-lieu%2F2010%2F10%2F3BA21CB3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://book.ifeng.com/lianzai/detail_2011_06/19/7107223_1.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">习仲勋的故事（全本）前中央书记处书记习仲勋的战斗一生 - 第1章习仲勋生平（1）</bdi></a> (in Chinese (China)). <a href="/wiki/Ifeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ifeng">Ifeng</a> Books<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B9%A0%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B%EF%BC%88%E5%85%A8%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0%E5%A4%84%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0%E4%B9%A0%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%88%98%E6%96%97%E4%B8%80%E7%94%9F+-+%E7%AC%AC1%E7%AB%A0+%E4%B9%A0%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%8B%E7%94%9F%E5%B9%B3%EF%BC%881%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=Ifeng+Books&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbook.ifeng.com%2Flianzai%2Fdetail_2011_06%2F19%2F7107223_1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sheridan20-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sheridan20_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheridan2024" class="citation book cs1">Sheridan, Michael (2024). <i>The Red Emperor: Xi Jinping and His New China</i>. London, U.K.: Headline Press. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781035413485" title="Special:BookSources/9781035413485"><bdi>9781035413485</bdi></a>. <q>His father, Zi Zongde, died in his early forties, when the boy was a teenager. His mother, Chai Caihua, lived only a year longer.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Red+Emperor%3A+Xi+Jinping+and+His+New+China&rft.place=London%2C+U.K.&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Headline+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781035413485&rft.aulast=Sheridan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fuwu.12371.cn/2013/10/16/ARTI1381902648358707_all.shtml">"《习仲勋的故事》_共产党员网"</a>. <i>fuwu.12371.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fuwu.12371.cn&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B9%A0%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B%E3%80%8B_%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E5%91%98%E7%BD%91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffuwu.12371.cn%2F2013%2F10%2F16%2FARTI1381902648358707_all.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF晨雨_(Chenyu)2009" class="citation web cs1">晨雨 (Chenyu), 杨 (Yang) (11 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lnb.gansudaily.com.cn/system/2009/06/11/011130818.shtml">"两当兵变的特点和历史地位-两当|兵变|特点|历史地位-每日甘肃-陇南日报 (The characteristics and the historical status of the Liangdang Uprising)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190511021158/http://lnb.gansudaily.com.cn/system/2009/06/11/011130818.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%A4%E5%BD%93%E5%85%B5%E5%8F%98%E7%9A%84%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9%E5%92%8C%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D-%E4%B8%A4%E5%BD%93%7C%E5%85%B5%E5%8F%98%7C%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9%7C%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D-%E6%AF%8F%E6%97%A5%E7%94%98%E8%82%83-%E9%99%87%E5%8D%97%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5+%28The+characteristics+and+the+historical+status+of+the+Liangdang+Uprising%29&rft.date=2009-06-11&rft.aulast=%E6%99%A8%E9%9B%A8+%28Chenyu%29&rft.aufirst=%E6%9D%A8+%28Yang%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flnb.gansudaily.com.cn%2Fsystem%2F2009%2F06%2F11%2F011130818.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated13-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated13_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated13_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeMa" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">He, Libo (何立波); Ma, Hongmin (马红敏). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/85038/7880593.html"><bdi lang="zh">"英雄一世，坎坷一生”的习仲勋" 中国共产党新闻>>党史频道>>人物长廊</bdi></a>. <i>people.cn</i> (in Chinese (China))<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=21cn.com&rft.atitle=%22%E7%8E%8B%E9%9C%87%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E9%95%87%E5%8F%8D%E8%A2%AB%E6%92%A4%E8%81%8C%E5%B9%95%E5%90%8E%22&rft.date=2009-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.21cn.com%2Fjunshi%2Fjsh%2F2009%2F07%2F07%2F6541691.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span> 7 July 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated12-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated12_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated12_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated12_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated12_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated12_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated12_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated12_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangGuo2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zhang, Shaowu (张绍武); Guo, Suqiang (郭素强) (9 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124300/http://www.hhwhjj.com/lishi/xiandai/2011/0909/13816.html"><bdi lang="zh">"昂拉平叛与争取项谦的经过"</bdi></a>. <i>hhwhjj.com (Yellow River Culture and Economy online)</i> (in Chinese (China)). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hhwhjj.com/lishi/xiandai/2011/0909/13816.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hhwhjj.com+%28Yellow+River+Culture+and+Economy+online%29&rft.atitle=%22%E6%98%82%E6%8B%89%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%9B%E4%B8%8E%E4%BA%89%E5%8F%96%E9%A1%B9%E8%B0%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%8F%E8%BF%87%22&rft.date=2011-09-09&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Shaowu+%28%E5%BC%A0%E7%BB%8D%E6%AD%A6%29&rft.au=Guo%2C+Suqiang+%28%E9%83%AD%E7%B4%A0%E5%BC%BA%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hhwhjj.com%2Flishi%2Fxiandai%2F2011%2F0909%2F13816.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span> 9 September 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306214640/http://in.reuters.com/article/china-tibet-xi-jinping-idINDEE88002I20120901">Benjamin K. Lim & Frank J. Daniel, "Does China's next leader have a soft spot for Tibet?" <i>Reuters</i></a> 1 September 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HindustanTimes-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HindustanTimes_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HindustanTimes_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Tibet-s-conquest-of-China-s-Xi-Jinping-family/Article1-1005946.aspx">Pramit Pal Chaudhuri, "Tibet's conquest of China's Xi Jinping family" <i>Hindustan Times</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130213111900/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Tibet-s-conquest-of-China-s-Xi-Jinping-family/Article1-1005946.aspx">Archived</a> 13 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 4 February 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://book.ifeng.com/lianzai/detail_2011_06/19/7107223_2.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">习仲勋的故事（全本）前中央书记处书记习仲勋的战斗一生 - 第1章习仲勋生平（2）</bdi></a> (in Chinese (China)). <a href="/wiki/Ifeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ifeng">Ifeng</a> Books<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crt.com.cn/xzx/msbbzy.html">the original</a> on 19 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=crt.com.cn+%28Zhonghongwang%29&rft.atitle=%E4%B9%A0%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%8B%E8%92%99%E5%8F%97%E4%B8%8D%E7%99%BD%E4%B9%8B%E5%86%A4%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crt.com.cn%2Fxzx%2Fmsbbzy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span> Accessed 19 February 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChen_Bing'an_[陳秉安]2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chen Bing'an [陳秉安] (2016). <i>大逃港（增訂本）</i> [<i>The Great Exodus to Hong Kong (Revised edition)</i>] (in Chinese). Hong Kong Open Page. p. 371-389.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%A8%82%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89&rft.pages=371-389&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+Open+Page&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Chen+Bing%27an+%5B%E9%99%B3%E7%A7%89%E5%AE%89%5D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated15-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated15_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated15_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated15_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated15_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated15_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2010-08-25/181020974306.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">习仲勋：我要看着深圳发展</bdi></a> (in Chinese (China)). <a href="/wiki/Sina_Corp" class="mw-redirect" title="Sina Corp">Sina</a> News. 25 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B9%A0%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%8B%EF%BC%9A%E6%88%91%E8%A6%81%E7%9C%8B%E7%9D%80%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95&rft.pub=Sina+News&rft.date=2010-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fc%2F2010-08-25%2F181020974306.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatwin2024" class="citation book cs1">Chatwin, Jonathan (2024). <i>The Southern Tour: Deng Xiaoping and the Fight for China's Future</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomsbury Academic">Bloomsbury Academic</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781350435711" title="Special:BookSources/9781350435711"><bdi>9781350435711</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Southern+Tour%3A+Deng+Xiaoping+and+the+Fight+for+China%27s+Future&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781350435711&rft.aulast=Chatwin&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated16-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated16_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated16_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated16_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated16_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/16939330.html"><bdi lang="zh">谷梁 "习仲勋主政广东的历史功绩：改革开放天下先 (6)"</bdi></a>. <i>people.cn (Renminwang)</i> (in Chinese (China)). 21 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=people.cn+%28Renminwang%29&rft.atitle=%E8%B0%B7%E6%A2%81+%22%E4%B9%A0%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%8B%E4%B8%BB%E6%94%BF%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%8A%9F%E7%BB%A9%EF%BC%9A%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B%E5%85%88+%286%29%22&rft.date=2012-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdangshi.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F16939330.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrésy20168-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrésy20168_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrésy2016">Andrésy 2016</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckleyTatlow2015" class="citation web cs1">Buckley, Chris; Tatlow, Didi Kirsten (24 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/25/world/asia/xi-jinping-china-cultural-revolution.html">"Cultural Revolution Shaped Xi Jinping, From Schoolboy to Survivor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cultural+Revolution+Shaped+Xi+Jinping%2C+From+Schoolboy+to+Survivor&rft.date=2015-09-24&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Tatlow%2C+Didi+Kirsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F09%2F25%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fxi-jinping-china-cultural-revolution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrésy20169-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrésy20169_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrésy2016">Andrésy 2016</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/xi-grave-04052017123955.html">"Dozens Detained in Bid To Visit Grave of Chinese President's Father"</a>. <i>Radio Free Asia</i>. 5 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Asia&rft.atitle=Dozens+Detained+in+Bid+To+Visit+Grave+of+Chinese+President%27s+Father&rft.date=2017-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfa.org%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fxi-grave-04052017123955.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrésy2016" class="citation book cs1">Andrésy, Agnès (2016). <i>Xi Jinping: Red China, the Next Generation</i>. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761866015" title="Special:BookSources/9780761866015"><bdi>9780761866015</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Xi+Jinping%3A+Red+China%2C+the+Next+Generation&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780761866015&rft.aulast=Andr%C3%A9sy&rft.aufirst=Agn%C3%A8s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi+Zhongxun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>China's New Rulers: The Secret File, Andrew J. Nathan and Bruce Gilley, The New York Review Book</li> <li>The Origins of the Cultural Revolution, Vol. 3 : The Coming of the Cataclysm, 1961-1966 (Columbia University Press, 1997)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Xi_Zhongxun">Biography of Xi Zhongxun</a>, China Vitae</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/208065.htm">Biography of Xi Zhongxun</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions_of_Xi_Zhongxun" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions_of_Xi_Zhongxun" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions of Xi Zhongxun</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guoqing" title="Wei Guoqing">Wei Guoqing</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guangdong" title="Politics of Guangdong">Secretary of the CCP Guangdong Provincial Committee</a> </b><br />1978–1980 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ren_Zhongyi" title="Ren Zhongyi">Ren Zhongyi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lu_Dingyi" title="Lu Dingyi">Lu Dingyi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Head of the Propaganda Department of the CCP Central Committee</a> </b><br />1953–1954 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lu_Dingyi" title="Lu Dingyi">Lu Dingyi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guoqing" title="Wei Guoqing">Wei Guoqing</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Guangdong" title="Governor of Guangdong">Governor of Guangdong</a> </b><br />1979–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Tianfu" title="Liu Tianfu">Liu Tianfu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Li_Weihan" title="Li Weihan">Li Weihan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_State_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary General of the State Council">Secretary General of the State Council</a> </b><br />1953–1965 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Rongxin" title="Zhou Rongxin">Zhou Rongxin</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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class="new" title="Template talk:1st State Council of China (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1st_State_Council_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1st State Council of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1st_State_Council_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1st <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council of the People's Republic of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Zhou Enlai Cabinet (1954–1959)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a><sup>PSC</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nowrap">12 <a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice Premiers</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a><sup>PSC</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Dehuai" title="Peng Dehuai">Peng Dehuai</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a><sup>PSC</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Zihui" title="Deng Zihui">Deng Zihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Long" title="He Long">He Long</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(marshal)" title="Chen Yi (marshal)">Chen Yi</a> <sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanhu" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Fuchun" title="Li Fuchun">Li Fuchun</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_Rongzhen" title="Nie Rongzhen">Nie Rongzhen</a> (added)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Yibo" title="Bo Yibo">Bo Yibo</a> (added)</li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi Zhongxun</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministries of the People's Republic of China">Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <p><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">1</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Minister of Civil Affairs">Internal Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Xie_Juezai" title="Xie Juezai">Xie Juezai</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">2</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (China)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a><sup>PSC</sup><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">3</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Minister of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Peng_Dehuai" title="Peng Dehuai">Peng Dehuai</a><sup>P</sup><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">4</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Minister of Public Security (China)">Ministry of Public Security</a> <a href="/wiki/Luo_Ruiqing" title="Luo Ruiqing">Luo Ruiqing</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">5</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(China)" title="Minister of Justice (China)">Ministry of Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Shi_Liang" title="Shi Liang">Shi Liang</a>♀<br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">6</span> Ministry of Supervision <a href="/wiki/Qian_Ying_(communist_politician)" title="Qian Ying (communist politician)">Qian Ying</a>♀<br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">7</span> <a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">State Planning Commission</a> <a href="/wiki/Li_Fuchun" title="Li Fuchun">Li Fuchun</a><sup>P</sup><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">8</span> State Infrastructure Commission <a href="/wiki/Bo_Yibo" title="Bo Yibo">Bo Yibo</a> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Heshou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Heshou (page does not exist)">Wang Heshou</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">9</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(China)" title="Minister of Finance (China)">Ministry of Finance</a> <a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a><sup>P</sup><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">10</span> Ministry of Food <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Naiqi" title="Zhang Naiqi">Zhang Naiqi</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">11</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_(China)" title="Ministry of Commerce (China)">Ministry of Commerce</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeng_Shan" title="Zeng Shan">Zeng Shan</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">12</span> Ministry of Foreign Trade <a href="/wiki/Ye_Jizhuang" title="Ye Jizhuang">Ye Jizhuang</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">13</span> Ministry of Heavy Industry/ Ministry of Metallurgical Industry <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Heshou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Heshou (page does not exist)">Wang Heshou</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">14</span> Ministry of Chemical Industry <a href="/wiki/Peng_Tao" title="Peng Tao">Peng Tao</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">15</span> Ministry of Building Materials Industry <a href="/wiki/Lai_Jifa" title="Lai Jifa">Lai Jifa</a><br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <p><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">16</span> <a href="/wiki/First_Ministry_of_Machine_Building" title="First Ministry of Machine Building">First Ministry of Machine Building</a> <a href="/wiki/Huang_Jing" title="Huang Jing">Huang Jing</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">17</span> <a href="/wiki/Second_Ministry_of_Machine_Building" title="Second Ministry of Machine Building">Second Ministry of Machine Building</a> <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Erlu" title="Zhao Erlu">Zhao Erlu</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">18</span> Ministry Of Fuel Industries <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yu_(politician)" title="Chen Yu (politician)">Chen Yu</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">19</span> Ministry of Geology <a href="/wiki/Li_Siguang" title="Li Siguang">Li Siguang</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">20</span> Ministry of Building Construction <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiufeng" title="Liu Xiufeng">Liu Xiufeng</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">21</span> Ministry of Textile Industry <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Guangnai" title="Jiang Guangnai">Jiang Guangnai</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">22</span> Ministry of Light Industry <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jia_Tuofu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jia Tuofu (page does not exist)">Jia Tuofu</a> → <a href="/wiki/Sha_Qianli" title="Sha Qianli">Sha Qianli</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">23</span> Ministry of Local Industry <a href="/wiki/Sha_Qianli" title="Sha Qianli">Sha Qianli</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">24</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(China)" title="Ministry of Railways (China)">Ministry of Railways</a> <a href="/wiki/Teng_Daiyuan" title="Teng Daiyuan">Teng Daiyuan</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">25</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_(China)" title="Ministry of Transport (China)">Ministry of Transport</a> <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Bojun" title="Zhang Bojun">Zhang Bojun</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">26</span> Ministry of Posts & Telecommunications <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Xuefan" title="Zhu Xuefan">Zhu Xuefan</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">27</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs">Ministry of Agriculture</a> <a href="/wiki/Liao_Luyan" title="Liao Luyan">Liao Luyan</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">28</span> Ministry of Forestry <a href="/wiki/Liang_Xi" title="Liang Xi">Liang Xi</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">29</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Water_Resources_(China)" title="Minister of Water Resources (China)">Ministry of Water Resources</a> <a href="/wiki/Fu_Zuoyi" title="Fu Zuoyi">Fu Zuoyi</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">30</span> Ministry of Labor <a href="/wiki/Ma_Wenrui" title="Ma Wenrui">Ma Wenrui</a><br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <p><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">31</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(China)" title="Ministry of Culture (China)">Ministry of Culture</a> <a href="/wiki/Shen_Yanbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shen Yanbing">Shen Yanbing</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">32</span> Ministry of Higher Education <a href="/wiki/Yang_Xiufeng" title="Yang Xiufeng">Yang Xiufeng</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">33</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Education_(China)" title="Minister of Education (China)">Ministry of Education</a> <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xiruo" title="Zhang Xiruo">Zhang Xiruo</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">34</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(China)" title="Ministry of Health (China)">Ministry of Health</a> <a href="/wiki/Li_Dequan" title="Li Dequan">Li Dequan</a>♀<br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">35</span> Commission for Physical Culture and Sports <a href="/wiki/He_Long" title="He Long">He Long</a><sup>P</sup><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">36</span> Ethnic Affairs Commission <a href="/wiki/Ulanhu" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">37</span> Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission <a href="/wiki/He_Xiangning" title="He Xiangning">He Xiangning</a>♀<br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">38</span> <a href="/wiki/Third_Ministry_of_Machine_Building" title="Third Ministry of Machine Building">Third Ministry of Machine Building</a> <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Linzhi" title="Zhang Linzhi">Zhang Linzhi</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">39</span> National Economic Commission <a href="/wiki/Bo_Yibo" title="Bo Yibo">Bo Yibo</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">40</span> National Technical Commission <a href="/wiki/Huang_Jing" title="Huang Jing">Huang Jing</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">41</span> Ministry of Urban Development <a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">42</span> Ministry of Food Industry <a href="/wiki/Li_Zhuchen" title="Li Zhuchen">Li Zhuchen</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">43</span> Ministry of Aquatic Products <a href="/wiki/Xu_Deheng" title="Xu Deheng">Xu Deheng</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">44</span> Ministry of State Farms and Land Reclamation <a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhen_(general)" title="Wang Zhen (general)">Wang Zhen</a><br /> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">45</span> Ministry of Timber Industry <a href="/wiki/Luo_Longji" title="Luo Longji">Luo Longji</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>P</sup>: Member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a>;</li> <li><sup>PSC</sup>: Member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee</a>;</li> <li>♀: female</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="12th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_(1982–1987)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:12th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Yaobang" title="Hu Yaobang">Hu Yaobang</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a> until Jan 1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Jianying" title="Ye Jianying">Ye Jianying</a> (retired Sep 1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a> (Acting General Secretary after Jan 1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other members<br /><small><i>in <a href="/wiki/Surname_stroke_order" title="Surname stroke order">surname stroke order</a></i></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before 5th Plenum<br />(Sep 1985)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi Zhongxun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhen_(general)" title="Wang Zhen (general)">Wang Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guoqing" title="Wei Guoqing">Wei Guoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanhu" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Yi" title="Fang Yi">Fang Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Yingchao" title="Deng Yingchao">Deng Yingchao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Desheng" title="Li Desheng">Li Desheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Shangkun" title="Yang Shangkun">Yang Shangkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Dezhi" title="Yang Dezhi">Yang Dezhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Qiuli" title="Yu Qiuli">Yu Qiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_Renqiong" title="Song Renqiong">Song Renqiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Tingfa" title="Zhang Tingfa">Zhang Tingfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Qiaomu" title="Hu Qiaomu">Hu Qiaomu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_Rongzhen" title="Nie Rongzhen">Nie Rongzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni_Zhifu" title="Ni Zhifu">Ni Zhifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Xiangqian" title="Xu Xiangqian">Xu Xiangqian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_Chengzhi" title="Liao Chengzhi">Liao Chengzhi</a> <small>(died June 1983)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After 5th Plenum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi Zhongxun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Yi" title="Fang Yi">Fang Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Jiyun" title="Tian Jiyun">Tian Jiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Shi" title="Qiao Shi">Qiao Shi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Peng" title="Li Peng">Li Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Shangkun" title="Yang Shangkun">Yang Shangkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Dezhi" title="Yang Dezhi">Yang Dezhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Xueqian" title="Wu Xueqian">Wu Xueqian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Qiuli" title="Yu Qiuli">Yu Qiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Qiaomu" title="Hu Qiaomu">Hu Qiaomu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Qili" title="Hu Qili">Hu Qili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Yilin" title="Yao Yilin">Yao Yilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni_Zhifu" title="Ni Zhifu">Ni Zhifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng Zhen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Yilin" title="Yao Yilin">Yao Yilin</a> <small>(full member Sep 1985)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_Jiwei" title="Qin Jiwei">Qin Jiwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Muhua" title="Chen Muhua">Chen Muhua</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:7th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:7th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">7th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:8th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">8th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:9th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">9th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">10th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:11th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">11th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:12th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">12th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:13th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">13th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">14th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:15th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">15th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">16th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">17th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">18th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">19th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vice_Premiers_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Vice premiers of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Vice premiers of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vice premiers of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vice_Premiers_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice Premiers of the People's Republic of China</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of vice premiers of the People's Republic of China">list</a>)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small><a href="/wiki/Central_People%27s_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1949%E2%80%9354)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China (1949–54)">Provisional Cabinet</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Biwu" title="Dong Biwu">Dong Biwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Moruo" title="Guo Moruo">Guo Moruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Yanpei" title="Huang Yanpei">Huang Yanpei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> <small>(added 1952)</small></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Dehuai" title="Peng Dehuai">Peng Dehuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Zihui" title="Deng Zihui">Deng Zihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Long" title="He Long">He Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(marshal)" title="Chen Yi (marshal)">Chen Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanhu" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Fuchun" title="Li Fuchun">Li Fuchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_Rongzhen" title="Nie Rongzhen">Nie Rongzhen</a> <small>(added 1956)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Yibo" title="Bo Yibo">Bo Yibo</a> <small>(added 1956)</small></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Dehuai" title="Peng Dehuai">Peng Dehuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Zihui" title="Deng Zihui">Deng Zihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Long" title="He Long">He Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(marshal)" title="Chen Yi (marshal)">Chen Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanhu" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Fuchun" title="Li Fuchun">Li Fuchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_Rongzhen" title="Nie Rongzhen">Nie Rongzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Yibo" title="Bo Yibo">Bo Yibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Zhenlin" title="Tan Zhenlin">Tan Zhenlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Dingyi" title="Lu Dingyi">Lu Dingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Ruiqing" title="Luo Ruiqing">Luo Ruiqing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi Zhongxun</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a> <small>(died 1971)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a> <small>(dismissed 1969)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> <small>(dismissed 1968, reinstated 1973)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Long" title="He Long">He Long</a> <small>(died 1969)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(marshal)" title="Chen Yi (marshal)">Chen Yi</a> <small>(died 1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke_Qingshi" title="Ke Qingshi">Ke Qingshi</a> <small>(died 1965)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanhu" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a> <small>(dismissed 1968)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Fuchun" title="Li Fuchun">Li Fuchun</a> <small>(died 1975)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Zhenlin" title="Tan Zhenlin">Tan Zhenlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_Rongzhen" title="Nie Rongzhen">Nie Rongzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Yibo" title="Bo Yibo">Bo Yibo</a> <small>(dismissed 1967)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Dingyi" title="Lu Dingyi">Lu Dingyi</a> <small>(dismissed 1966)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Ruiqing" title="Luo Ruiqing">Luo Ruiqing</a> <small>(dismissed 1966)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Zhu" title="Tao Zhu">Tao Zhu</a> <small>(died 1969)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Fuzhi" title="Xie Fuzhi">Xie Fuzhi</a> <small>(died 1972)</small></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> <small>(dismissed 1976, reinstated 1977)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a> <small>(dismissed 1977)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Xilian" title="Chen Xilian">Chen Xilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Dengkui" title="Ji Dengkui">Ji Dengkui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yonggui" title="Chen Yonggui">Chen Yonggui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Guixian" title="Wu Guixian">Wu Guixian</a> ♀ <small>(resigned 1977)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhen_(general)" title="Wang Zhen (general)">Wang Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Qiuli" title="Yu Qiuli">Yu Qiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu_Mu" title="Gu Mu">Gu Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Jian_(politician)" title="Sun Jian (politician)">Sun Jian</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th Cabinet (1978)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Xiangqian" title="Xu Xiangqian">Xu Xiangqian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Dengkui" title="Ji Dengkui">Ji Dengkui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Qiuli" title="Yu Qiuli">Yu Qiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Xilian" title="Chen Xilian">Chen Xilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geng_Biao" title="Geng Biao">Geng Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yonggui" title="Chen Yonggui">Chen Yonggui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Yi" title="Fang Yi">Fang Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhen_(general)" title="Wang Zhen (general)">Wang Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu_Mu" title="Gu Mu">Gu Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Shi%27en" title="Kang Shi'en">Kang Shi'en</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Muhua" title="Chen Muhua">Chen Muhua</a> ♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Renzhong" title="Wang Renzhong">Wang Renzhong</a> <small>(added 1979)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a> <small>(added 1979)</small></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th Cabinet (1980)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Qiuli" title="Yu Qiuli">Yu Qiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geng_Biao" title="Geng Biao">Geng Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Yi" title="Fang Yi">Fang Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu_Mu" title="Gu Mu">Gu Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Shi%27en" title="Kang Shi'en">Kang Shi'en</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Muhua" title="Chen Muhua">Chen Muhua</a> ♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Yibo" title="Bo Yibo">Bo Yibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Yilin" title="Yao Yilin">Yao Yilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Pengfei" title="Ji Pengfei">Ji Pengfei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a> <small>(promoted to premier)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Jingren" title="Yang Jingren">Yang Jingren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Aiping" title="Zhang Aiping">Zhang Aiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Hua" title="Huang Hua">Huang Hua</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th Cabinet (1982)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Yilin" title="Yao Yilin">Yao Yilin</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Yilin" title="Yao Yilin">Yao Yilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Peng" title="Li Peng">Li Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Jiyun" title="Tian Jiyun">Tian Jiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Shi" title="Qiao Shi">Qiao Shi</a> <small>(added 1986)</small></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Yilin" title="Yao Yilin">Yao Yilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Jiyun" title="Tian Jiyun">Tian Jiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Xueqian" title="Wu Xueqian">Wu Xueqian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_Jiahua" title="Zou Jiahua">Zou Jiahua</a> <small>(added 1991)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu Rongji</a> <small>(added 1991)</small></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu Rongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_Jiahua" title="Zou Jiahua">Zou Jiahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Qichen" title="Qian Qichen">Qian Qichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Lanqing" title="Li Lanqing">Li Lanqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Bangguo" title="Wu Bangguo">Wu Bangguo</a> <small>(added 1995)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Chunyun" title="Jiang Chunyun">Jiang Chunyun</a> <small>(added 1995)</small></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Lanqing" title="Li Lanqing">Li Lanqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Qichen" title="Qian Qichen">Qian Qichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Bangguo" title="Wu Bangguo">Wu Bangguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Jiabao" title="Wen Jiabao">Wen Jiabao</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Ju" title="Huang Ju">Huang Ju</a> <small>(died 2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Yi_(politician)" title="Wu Yi (politician)">Wu Yi</a> ♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Peiyan" title="Zeng Peiyan">Zeng Peiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_Liangyu" title="Hui Liangyu">Hui Liangyu</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_Liangyu" title="Hui Liangyu">Hui Liangyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dejiang" title="Zhang Dejiang">Zhang Dejiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Qishan" title="Wang Qishan">Wang Qishan</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Keqiang Government">12th Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Gaoli" title="Zhang Gaoli">Zhang Gaoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yandong" title="Liu Yandong">Liu Yandong</a> ♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yang_(politician)" title="Wang Yang (politician)">Wang Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Kai" title="Ma Kai">Ma Kai</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Keqiang Government">13th Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Chunlan" title="Sun Chunlan">Sun Chunlan</a> ♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Chunhua" title="Hu Chunhua">Hu Chunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_He_(politician)" title="Liu He (politician)">Liu He</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">14th Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Guoqing" title="Zhang Guoqing">Zhang Guoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Guozhong" title="Liu Guozhong">Liu Guozhong</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vice_Chairpersons_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People&#039;s_Congress" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NPCSC_Vice-Chairpersons" title="Template:NPCSC Vice-Chairpersons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NPCSC_Vice-Chairpersons" title="Template talk:NPCSC Vice-Chairpersons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NPCSC_Vice-Chairpersons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NPCSC Vice-Chairpersons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vice_Chairpersons_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People&#039;s_Congress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Vice Chairpersons of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1st_National_People%27s_Congress" title="1st National People's Congress">1st</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1954–1959) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soong_Ching-ling" title="Soong Ching-ling">Soong Ching-ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Boqu" title="Lin Boqu">Lin Boqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jishen" title="Li Jishen">Li Jishen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Lan" title="Zhang Lan">Zhang Lan</a> (died 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Ronghuan" title="Luo Ronghuan">Luo Ronghuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Junru" title="Shen Junru">Shen Junru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Moruo" title="Guo Moruo">Guo Moruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Yanpei" title="Huang Yanpei">Huang Yanpei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng Zhen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">secretary-general</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Weihan" title="Li Weihan">Li Weihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shutong" title="Chen Shutong">Chen Shutong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saifuddin_Azizi" title="Saifuddin Azizi">Saifuddin Azizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Qian" title="Cheng Qian">Cheng Qian</a> (added 1958)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2nd_National_People%27s_Congress" title="2nd National People's Congress">2nd</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1959–1964) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Boqu" title="Lin Boqu">Lin Boqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jishen" title="Li Jishen">Li Jishen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Ronghuan" title="Luo Ronghuan">Luo Ronghuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Junru" title="Shen Junru">Shen Junru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Moruo" title="Guo Moruo">Guo Moruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Yanpei" title="Huang Yanpei">Huang Yanpei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Weihan" title="Li Weihan">Li Weihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shutong" title="Chen Shutong">Chen Shutong</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama"><del>Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama</del></a> (fled 1959; dismissed 1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saifuddin_Azizi" title="Saifuddin Azizi">Saifuddin Azizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Qian" title="Cheng Qian">Cheng Qian</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Choekyi_Gyaltsen,_10th_Panchen_Lama" title="Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama"><del>Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni</del></a> (removed 1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Xiangning" title="He Xiangning">He Xiangning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bocheng" title="Liu Bocheng">Liu Bocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Feng_(politician)" title="Lin Feng (politician)">Lin Feng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3rd_National_People%27s_Congress" title="3rd National People's Congress">3rd</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1964–1975) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bocheng" title="Liu Bocheng">Liu Bocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jingquan" title="Li Jingquan">Li Jingquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Sheng" title="Kang Sheng">Kang Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Moruo" title="Guo Moruo">Guo Moruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Xiangning" title="He Xiangning">He Xiangning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Yanpei" title="Huang Yanpei">Huang Yanpei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shutong" title="Chen Shutong">Chen Shutong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xuefeng" title="Li Xuefeng">Li Xuefeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Xiangqian" title="Xu Xiangqian">Xu Xiangqian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Mingxuan" title="Yang Mingxuan">Yang Mingxuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Qian" title="Cheng Qian">Cheng Qian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saifuddin_Azizi" title="Saifuddin Azizi">Saifuddin Azizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Feng_(politician)" title="Lin Feng (politician)">Lin Feng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Ningyi" title="Liu Ningyi">Liu Ningyi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">secretary-General</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhizhong" title="Zhang Zhizhong">Zhang Zhizhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngapoi_Ngawang_Jigme" title="Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme">Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Jianren" title="Zhou Jianren">Zhou Jianren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/4th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="4th National People's Congress">4th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1975–1978) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Biwu" title="Dong Biwu">Dong Biwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soong_Ching-ling" title="Soong Ching-ling">Soong Ching-ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Sheng" title="Kang Sheng">Kang Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bocheng" title="Liu Bocheng">Liu Bocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_De" title="Wu De">Wu De</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guoqing" title="Wei Guoqing">Wei Guoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saifuddin_Azizi" title="Saifuddin Azizi">Saifuddin Azizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Moruo" title="Guo Moruo">Guo Moruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Xiangqian" title="Xu Xiangqian">Xu Xiangqian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_Rongzhen" title="Nie Rongzhen">Nie Rongzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Zhenlin" title="Tan Zhenlin">Tan Zhenlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jingquan" title="Li Jingquan">Li Jingquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dingcheng" title="Zhang Dingcheng">Zhang Dingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Chang" title="Cai Chang">Cai Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanhu" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngapoi_Ngawang_Jigme" title="Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme">Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Jianren" title="Zhou Jianren">Zhou Jianren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Deheng" title="Xu Deheng">Xu Deheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Juewen" title="Hu Juewen">Hu Juewen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Suwen" title="Li Suwen">Li Suwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Lianwei" title="Yao Lianwei">Yao Lianwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Yingchao" title="Deng Yingchao">Deng Yingchao</a> (added 1976)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/5th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="5th National People's Congress">5th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1978–1983) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soong_Ching-ling" title="Soong Ching-ling">Soong Ching-ling</a> (died 1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_Rongzhen" title="Nie Rongzhen">Nie Rongzhen</a> (resigned 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bocheng" title="Liu Bocheng">Liu Bocheng</a> (resigned 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanhu" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_De" title="Wu De">Wu De</a> (resigned 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guoqing" title="Wei Guoqing">Wei Guoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Moruo" title="Guo Moruo">Guo Moruo</a> (died 1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Zhenlin" title="Tan Zhenlin">Tan Zhenlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jingquan" title="Li Jingquan">Li Jingquan</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dingcheng" title="Zhang Dingcheng">Zhang Dingcheng</a> (resigned 1980; died 1981)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Chang" title="Cai Chang">Cai Chang</a> (resigned 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Yingchao" title="Deng Yingchao">Deng Yingchao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saifuddin_Azizi" title="Saifuddin Azizi">Saifuddin Azizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_Chengzhi" title="Liao Chengzhi">Liao Chengzhi</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ji_Pengfei" title="Ji Pengfei">Ji Pengfei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">secretary-general</a>; resigned 1980)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngapoi_Ngawang_Jigme" title="Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme">Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Jianren" title="Zhou Jianren">Zhou Jianren</a> (resigned 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Deheng" title="Xu Deheng">Xu Deheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Juewen" title="Hu Juewen">Hu Juewen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng Zhen</a> (added 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Jinguang" title="Xiao Jinguang">Xiao Jinguang</a> (added 1979)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yunshan" title="Zhu Yunshan">Zhu Yunshan</a> (added 1979; died 1981)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Liang" title="Shi Liang">Shi Liang</a> (added 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Chong" title="Peng Chong">Peng Chong</a> (added 1980)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi Zhongxun</a> (added 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Yu" title="Su Yu">Su Yu</a> (added 1980)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yang_Shangkun" title="Yang Shangkun">Yang Shangkun</a> (added 1980; <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">secretary-general</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Choekyi_Gyaltsen,_10th_Panchen_Lama" title="Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama">Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni</a> (added 1980)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Xuefan" title="Zhu Xuefan">Zhu Xuefan</a> (added 1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/6th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="6th National People's Congress">6th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1988) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Pixian" title="Chen Pixian">Chen Pixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guoqing" title="Wei Guoqing">Wei Guoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geng_Biao" title="Geng Biao">Geng Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Juewen" title="Hu Juewen">Hu Juewen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Deheng" title="Xu Deheng">Xu Deheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Chong" title="Peng Chong">Peng Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Renzhong" title="Wang Renzhong">Wang Renzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Liang" title="Shi Liang">Shi Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Xuefan" title="Zhu Xuefan">Zhu Xuefan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngapoi_Ngawang_Jigme" title="Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme">Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choekyi_Gyaltsen,_10th_Panchen_Lama" title="Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama">Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saifuddin_Azizi" title="Saifuddin Azizi">Saifuddin Azizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Gucheng" title="Zhou Gucheng">Zhou Gucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Jici" title="Yan Jici">Yan Jici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Yuzhi" title="Hu Yuzhi">Hu Yuzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rong_Yiren" title="Rong Yiren">Rong Yiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Fei" title="Ye Fei">Ye Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_Hansheng" title="Liao Hansheng">Liao Hansheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Xianchu" title="Han Xianchu">Han Xianchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Hua" title="Huang Hua">Huang Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chu_Tunan" title="Chu Tunan">Chu Tunan</a> (added 1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/7th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="7th National People's Congress">7th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1988–1993) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi Zhongxun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanhu" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Chong" title="Peng Chong">Peng Chong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">secretary-general</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guoqing" title="Wei Guoqing">Wei Guoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Xuefan" title="Zhu Xuefan">Zhu Xuefan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngapoi_Ngawang_Jigme" title="Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme">Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choekyi_Gyaltsen,_10th_Panchen_Lama" title="Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama">Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saifuddin_Azizi" title="Saifuddin Azizi">Saifuddin Azizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Gucheng" title="Zhou Gucheng">Zhou Gucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Jici" title="Yan Jici">Yan Jici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rong_Yiren" title="Rong Yiren">Rong Yiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Fei" title="Ye Fei">Ye Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_Hansheng" title="Liao Hansheng">Liao Hansheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni_Zhifu" title="Ni Zhifu">Ni Zhifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Muhua" title="Chen Muhua">Chen Muhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fei_Xiaotong" title="Fei Xiaotong">Fei Xiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Qimeng" title="Sun Qimeng">Sun Qimeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_Jieqiong" title="Lei Jieqiong">Lei Jieqiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hanbin" title="Wang Hanbin">Wang Hanbin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/8th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="8th National People's Congress">8th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–1998) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Jiyun" title="Tian Jiyun">Tian Jiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hanbin" title="Wang Hanbin">Wang Hanbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni_Zhifu" title="Ni Zhifu">Ni Zhifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Muhua" title="Chen Muhua">Chen Muhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fei_Xiaotong" title="Fei Xiaotong">Fei Xiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Qimeng" title="Sun Qimeng">Sun Qimeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_Jieqiong" title="Lei Jieqiong">Lei Jieqiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_Jiwei" title="Qin Jiwei">Qin Jiwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Ximing" title="Li Ximing">Li Ximing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Bingqian" title="Wang Bingqian">Wang Bingqian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagbalha_Geleg_Namgyai" title="Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai">Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Guangying" title="Wang Guangying">Wang Guangying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Siyuan" title="Cheng Siyuan">Cheng Siyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Jiaxi_(chemist)" title="Lu Jiaxi (chemist)">Lu Jiaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhe_(politician)" title="Buhe (politician)">Buhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6m%C3%BCr_Dawamat" title="Tömür Dawamat">Tömür Dawamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_Ku" title="Gan Ku">Gan Ku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Peiyao" title="Li Peiyao">Li Peiyao</a> (murdered 1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Jieping" title="Wu Jieping">Wu Jieping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/9th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="9th National People's Congress">9th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1998–2003) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Jiyun" title="Tian Jiyun">Tian Jiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Fei_(politician)" title="Xie Fei (politician)">Xie Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Chunyun" title="Jiang Chunyun">Jiang Chunyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_Jiahua" title="Zou Jiahua">Zou Jiahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagbalha_Geleg_Namgyai" title="Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai">Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Guangying" title="Wang Guangying">Wang Guangying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Siyuan" title="Cheng Siyuan">Cheng Siyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhe_(politician)" title="Buhe (politician)">Buhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6m%C3%BCr_Dawamat" title="Tömür Dawamat">Tömür Dawamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Jieping" title="Wu Jieping">Wu Jieping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Peiyun" title="Peng Peiyun">Peng Peiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Luli" title="He Luli">He Luli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Guangzhao" title="Zhou Guangzhao">Zhou Guangzhao</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><del><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Kejie" title="Cheng Kejie">Cheng Kejie</a></del> (dismissed & executed 2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Zhi_(politician)" title="Cao Zhi (politician)">Cao Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Shisun" title="Ding Shisun">Ding Shisun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Siwei" title="Cheng Siwei">Cheng Siwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Jialu" title="Xu Jialu">Xu Jialu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zhenghua" title="Jiang Zhenghua">Jiang Zhenghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/10th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="10th National People's Congress">10th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2008) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhaoguo" title="Wang Zhaoguo">Wang Zhaoguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Tieying" title="Li Tieying">Li Tieying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Amat" title="Ismail Amat">Ismail Amat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Luli" title="He Luli">He Luli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Shisun" title="Ding Shisun">Ding Shisun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Siwei" title="Cheng Siwei">Cheng Siwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Jialu" title="Xu Jialu">Xu Jialu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zhenghua" title="Jiang Zhenghua">Jiang Zhenghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu_Xiulian" title="Gu Xiulian">Gu Xiulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raidi" title="Raidi">Raidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheng_Huaren" title="Sheng Huaren">Sheng Huaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Yongxiang_(engineer)" title="Lu Yongxiang (engineer)">Lu Yongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyunqimg" title="Uyunqimg">Uyunqimg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Qide" title="Han Qide">Han Qide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fu_Tieshan" title="Michael Fu Tieshan">Fu Tieshan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/11th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="11th National People's Congress">11th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(2008–2013) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhaoguo" title="Wang Zhaoguo">Wang Zhaoguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Yongxiang_(engineer)" title="Lu Yongxiang (engineer)">Lu Yongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyunqimg" title="Uyunqimg">Uyunqimg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Qide" title="Han Qide">Han Qide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Jianmin" title="Hua Jianmin">Hua Jianmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Zhili" title="Chen Zhili">Chen Zhili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Tienong" title="Zhou Tienong">Zhou Tienong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jianguo" title="Li Jianguo">Li Jianguo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">secretary-general</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Tiliwaldi" title="Ismail Tiliwaldi">Ismail Tiliwaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Shusheng" title="Jiang Shusheng">Jiang Shusheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Changzhi" title="Chen Changzhi">Chen Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Junqi" title="Yan Junqi">Yan Junqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sang_Guowei" title="Sang Guowei">Sang Guowei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/12th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="12th National People's Congress">12th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(2013–2018) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jianguo" title="Li Jianguo">Li Jianguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Shengjun" title="Wang Shengjun">Wang Shengjun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Changzhi" title="Chen Changzhi">Chen Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Junqi" title="Yan Junqi">Yan Junqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chen_(politician)" title="Wang Chen (politician)">Wang Chen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">secretary-general</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Yueyue" title="Shen Yueyue">Shen Yueyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Bingxuan" title="Ji Bingxuan">Ji Bingxuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Ping_(politician)" title="Zhang Ping (politician)">Zhang Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiangba_Puncog" title="Qiangba Puncog">Qiangba Puncog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arken_Imirbaki" title="Arken Imirbaki">Arken Imirbaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Exiang" title="Wan Exiang">Wan Exiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Baowen" title="Zhang Baowen">Zhang Baowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Zhu" title="Chen Zhu">Chen Zhu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/13th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="13th National People's Congress">13th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(2018–2023) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chen_(politician)" title="Wang Chen (politician)">Wang Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Jianming" title="Cao Jianming">Cao Jianming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunxian" title="Zhang Chunxian">Zhang Chunxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Yueyue" title="Shen Yueyue">Shen Yueyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Bingxuan" title="Ji Bingxuan">Ji Bingxuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arken_Imirbaki" title="Arken Imirbaki">Arken Imirbaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Exiang" title="Wan Exiang">Wan Exiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Zhu" title="Chen Zhu">Chen Zhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Dongming" title="Wang Dongming">Wang Dongming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_Choling" title="Padma Choling">Padma Choling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Zhongli" title="Ding Zhongli">Ding Zhongli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hao_Mingjin" title="Hao Mingjin">Hao Mingjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Dafeng" title="Cai Dafeng">Cai Dafeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Weihua" title="Wu Weihua">Wu Weihua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/14th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(2023–2028) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Dongming" title="Wang Dongming">Wang Dongming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Jie" title="Xiao Jie">Xiao Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Jianbang" title="Zheng Jianbang">Zheng Jianbang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Zhongli" title="Ding Zhongli">Ding Zhongli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hao_Mingjin" title="Hao Mingjin">Hao Mingjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Dafeng" title="Cai Dafeng">Cai Dafeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Wei" title="He Wei">He Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Weihua" title="Wu Weihua">Wu Weihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_Ning" title="Tie Ning">Tie Ning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Qinghua" title="Peng Qinghua">Peng Qinghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Qingwei" title="Zhang Qingwei">Zhang Qingwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losang_Jamcan" title="Losang Jamcan">Losang Jamcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shohrat_Zakir" title="Shohrat Zakir">Shohrat Zakir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_the_Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_the_CCP_Publicity_Department" title="Template:Heads of the CCP Publicity Department"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Heads_of_the_CCP_Publicity_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Heads of the CCP Publicity Department (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_the_CCP_Publicity_Department" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of the CCP Publicity Department"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_the_Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Heads of the <a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Da_(philosopher)" title="Li Da (philosopher)">Li Da</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Hesen" title="Cai Hesen">Cai Hesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Zhanglong" title="Luo Zhanglong">Luo Zhanglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Shuzhi" title="Peng Shuzhi">Peng Shuzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu_Qiubai" title="Qu Qiubai">Qu Qiubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Hesen" title="Cai Hesen">Cai Hesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu_Qiubai" title="Qu Qiubai">Qu Qiubai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luo_Qiyuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luo Qiyuan (page does not exist)">Luo Qiyuan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%AE%E5%9B%AD" class="extiw" title="zh:罗绮园">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Hesen" title="Cai Hesen">Cai Hesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Lisan" title="Li Lisan">Li Lisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Zemin" title="Shen Zemin">Shen Zemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wentian" title="Zhang Wentian">Zhang Wentian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Liangping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Liangping (page does not exist)">Wu Liangping</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E4%BA%AE%E5%B9%B3" class="extiw" title="zh:吴亮平">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wentian" title="Zhang Wentian">Zhang Wentian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Dingyi" title="Lu Dingyi">Lu Dingyi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi Zhongxun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Dingyi" title="Lu Dingyi">Lu Dingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Zhu" title="Tao Zhu">Tao Zhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geng_Biao" title="Geng Biao">Geng Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Pinghua" title="Zhang Pinghua">Zhang Pinghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Yaobang" title="Hu Yaobang">Hu Yaobang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Renzhong" title="Wang Renzhong">Wang Renzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Liqun" title="Deng Liqun">Deng Liqun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Houze" title="Zhu Houze">Zhu Houze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Renzhi" title="Wang Renzhi">Wang Renzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Guangen" title="Ding Guangen">Ding Guangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yunshan" title="Liu Yunshan">Liu Yunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Qibao" title="Liu Qibao">Liu Qibao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Kunming" title="Huang Kunming">Huang Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_leaders_of_Guangdong_since_1949" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guangdong_leaders" title="Template:Guangdong leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guangdong_leaders" title="Template talk:Guangdong leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guangdong_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guangdong leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_leaders_of_Guangdong_since_1949" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guangdong" title="Politics of Guangdong">Political leaders</a> of <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> since 1949</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Provincial_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Party Committee<br />Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Jianying" title="Ye Jianying">Ye Jianying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Zhu" title="Tao Zhu">Tao Zhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Yongsheng" title="Huang Yongsheng">Huang Yongsheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xingyuan" title="Liu Xingyuan">Liu Xingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Sheng_(general)" title="Ding Sheng (general)">Ding Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guoqing" title="Wei Guoqing">Wei Guoqing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi Zhongxun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren_Zhongyi" title="Ren Zhongyi">Ren Zhongyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Ruo" title="Lin Ruo">Lin Ruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Fei_(politician)" title="Xie Fei (politician)">Xie Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Changchun" title="Li Changchun">Li Changchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dejiang" title="Zhang Dejiang">Zhang Dejiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yang_(politician)" title="Wang Yang (politician)">Wang Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Chunhua" title="Hu Chunhua">Hu Chunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(born_1956)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Xi (born 1956)">Li Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Kunming" title="Huang Kunming">Huang Kunming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Congress<br />Chairpersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jianzhen" title="Li Jianzhen">Li Jianzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Tian" title="Luo Tian">Luo Tian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Ruo" title="Lin Ruo">Lin Ruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Senlin" title="Zhu Senlin">Zhu Senlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Guoying" title="Zhang Guoying">Zhang Guoying</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu_Zhonghe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lu Zhonghe (page does not exist)">Lu Zhonghe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huang_Liman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huang Liman (page does not exist)">Huang Liman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ou_Guangyuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ou Guangyuan (page does not exist)">Ou Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Longyun" title="Huang Longyun">Huang Longyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Yumei" title="Li Yumei">Li Yumei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Chuping_(politician)" title="Huang Chuping (politician)">Huang Chuping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Guangdong" title="Governor of Guangdong">Governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Jianying" title="Ye Jianying">Ye Jianying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Zhu" title="Tao Zhu">Tao Zhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yu_(politician)" title="Chen Yu (politician)">Chen Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Yongsheng" title="Huang Yongsheng">Huang Yongsheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xingyuan" title="Liu Xingyuan">Liu Xingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Sheng_(general)" title="Ding Sheng (general)">Ding Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guoqing" title="Wei Guoqing">Wei Guoqing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi Zhongxun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Tianfu" title="Liu Tianfu">Liu Tianfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Lingguang" title="Liang Lingguang">Liang Lingguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Xuanping" title="Ye Xuanping">Ye Xuanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Senlin" title="Zhu Senlin">Zhu Senlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Ruihua" title="Lu Ruihua">Lu Ruihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Huahua" title="Huang Huahua">Huang Huahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Xiaodan" title="Zhu Xiaodan">Zhu Xiaodan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xingrui" title="Ma Xingrui">Ma Xingrui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Weizhong" title="Wang Weizhong">Wang Weizhong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Conference</a><br />Chairpersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Zhu" title="Tao Zhu">Tao Zhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ou_Mengjue" title="Ou Mengjue">Ou Mengjue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Shoudao" title="Wang Shoudao">Wang Shoudao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yin_Linping" title="Yin Linping">Yin Linping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Weilin" title="Liang Weilin">Liang Weilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Nansheng" title="Wu Nansheng">Wu Nansheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guo_Rongchang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guo Rongchang (page does not exist)">Guo Rongchang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Fengyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Fengyi (page does not exist)">Liu Fengyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Shaoji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Shaoji (page does not exist)">Chen Shaoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Longyun" title="Huang Longyun">Huang Longyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Mingguo" title="Zhu Mingguo">Zhu Mingguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Rong_(politician)" title="Wang Rong (politician)">Wang Rong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lin_Keqing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lin Keqing (page does not exist)">Lin Keqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Xi_Jinping" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Xi_Jinping" title="Template:Xi Jinping"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Xi_Jinping" title="Template talk:Xi Jinping"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Xi_Jinping" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Xi Jinping"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Xi_Jinping" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President of China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman of the Central Military Commission</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies<br />and theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_under_Xi_Jinping" title="China under Xi Jinping">China under Xi Jinping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">paramount leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_core" title="Leadership core">leadership core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">Li Qiang Government</a> (2023–present)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping%E2%80%93Li_Keqiang_Administration" title="Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration">Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Keqiang Government">Li Keqiang Government</a> (2013–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Culture" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Diplomacy" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_waters_and_green_mountains" title="Clear waters and green mountains">Clear waters and green mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese-style_modernization" title="Chinese-style modernization">Chinese-style modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_prosperity" title="Common prosperity">Common prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Number_Nine" title="Document Number Nine">Document Number Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_circulation" title="Dual circulation">Dual circulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Musts" title="Eight Musts">Eight Musts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-point_Regulation" title="Eight-point Regulation">Eight-point Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Comprehensives" title="Four Comprehensives">Four Comprehensives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Confidences" title="Four Confidences">Four Confidences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_changes_unseen_in_a_century" title="Great changes unseen in a century">Great changes unseen in a century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_productive_forces" title="New productive forces">New productive forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_media_takes_the_party%27s_last_name" title="Party media takes the party's last name">Party media takes the party's last name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holistic_security_concept" class="mw-redirect" title="Holistic security concept">Holistic security concept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Stricts_and_Three_Honests" title="Three Stricts and Three Honests">Three Stricts and Three Honests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_on_the_Major_Achievements_and_Historical_Experience_of_the_Party_over_the_Past_Century" title="Resolution on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century">Historical resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Centenaries" title="Two Centenaries">Two Centenaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Establishes_and_Two_Upholds" title="Two Establishes and Two Upholds">Two Establishes and Two Upholds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole-process_people%27s_democracy" title="Whole-process people's democracy">Whole-process people's democracy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi_Jinping_with_Macron_and_Von_der_Leyen_2023_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Xi_Jinping_with_Macron_and_Von_der_Leyen_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Xi_Jinping_with_Macron_and_Von_der_Leyen_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Xi_Jinping_with_Macron_and_Von_der_Leyen_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Xi_Jinping_with_Macron_and_Von_der_Leyen_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Xi_Jinping_with_Macron_and_Von_der_Leyen_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Xi_Jinping_with_Macron_and_Von_der_Leyen_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First term</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">2012 election as Party general secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">Anti-corruption campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Qishan" title="Wang Qishan">Wang Qishan</a> (2012–2017)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Internet_Conference" title="World Internet Conference">World Internet Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/709_crackdown" title="709 crackdown">709 crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_Revolution_in_China" title="Toilet Revolution in China">Toilet Revolution in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_China_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2015 China Victory Day Parade">2015 China Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%E2%80%93Xi_meeting" title="Ma–Xi meeting">Ma–Xi meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Xi%E2%80%93Chu_meeting" title="2015 Xi–Chu meeting">Xi–Chu Summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second term</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">2017 reelection as Party general secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Persecution of Uyghurs in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">Xinjiang internment camps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70th_anniversary_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China">2019 China 70th National Day grand parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">COVID-19 pandemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_government_response_to_COVID-19" title="Chinese government response to COVID-19">Response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_Anniversary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="100th Anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party">100th Anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Inner_Mongolia_protests" title="2020 Inner Mongolia protests">2020 Inner Mongolia protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020-2021_Xi_Jinping_Administration_reform_spree" class="mw-redirect" title="2020-2021 Xi Jinping Administration reform spree">2020-2021 Xi Jinping Administration reform spree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022 Winter Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Xi_Jinping_visit_to_Hong_Kong" title="2022 Xi Jinping visit to Hong Kong">2022 Hong Kong visit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third term</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">2022 2nd reelection as Party general secretary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Xi_Jinping" title="Foreign policy of Xi Jinping">Diplomacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Policies" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Forum_for_International_Cooperation" title="Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation">2017 BRI Forum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Common_Destiny" title="Community of Common Destiny">Community of Common Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Development_Initiative" title="Global Development Initiative">Global Development Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Security_Initiative" title="Global Security Initiative">Global Security Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_warrior_diplomacy" title="Wolf warrior diplomacy">Wolf warrior diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Xi_Jinping" title="List of international trips made by Xi Jinping">Meetings<br /> and trips</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Russia,_Tanzania,_South_Africa_and_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="State visit by Xi Jinping to Russia, Tanzania, South Africa and Congo">2013 Russia, Tanzania, South Africa, Congo visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Pakistan" title="State visit by Xi Jinping to Pakistan">2015 Pakistan visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_the_United_States" title="State visit by Xi Jinping to the United States">2015 United States visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="State visit by Xi Jinping to the United Kingdom">2015 United Kingdom visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_state_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Vietnam_and_Laos" title="2017 state visit by Xi Jinping to Vietnam and Laos">2017 Vietnam and Laos visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim%E2%80%93Xi_meetings" title="Kim–Xi meetings">Kim–Xi meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visits_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Italy_and_France" title="State visits by Xi Jinping to Italy and France">2019 Italy and France visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPC_and_World_Political_Parties_Summit" title="CPC and World Political Parties Summit">CPC and World Political Parties Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_state_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Kazakhstan_and_Uzbekistan" title="2022 state visit by Xi Jinping to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan">2022 Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_China-Arab_States_Summit" title="2022 China-Arab States Summit">2022 China-Arab States Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Russia" title="2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia">2023 Russia visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China-Central_Asia_Summit" title="China-Central Asia Summit">China-Central Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_state_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Vietnam" title="2023 state visit by Xi Jinping to Vietnam">2023 Vietnam visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_France,_Serbia_and_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 visit by Xi Jinping to France, Serbia and Hungary">2024 France, Serbia, Hungary visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_state_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Kazakhstan_and_Tajikistan" title="2024 state visit by Xi Jinping to Kazakhstan and Tajikistan">2024 Kazakhstan and Tajikistan visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_state_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Peru_and_Brazil" title="2024 state visit by Xi Jinping to Peru and Brazil">2024 Peru and Brazil visit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Zhijiang_Army" title="New Zhijiang Army">New Zhijiang Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Min%27er" title="Chen Min'er">Chen Min'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Kunming" title="Huang Kunming">Huang Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Yangsheng" title="Lou Yangsheng">Lou Yangsheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayanqolu" title="Bayanqolu">Bayanqolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying_Yong" title="Ying Yong">Ying Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_Shaojun" title="Zhong Shaojun">Zhong Shaojun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_Xi_Jinping_important_speech_series" title="General Secretary Xi Jinping important speech series">General Secretary Xi Jinping important speech series</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Governance_of_China" title="The Governance of China">The Governance of China</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hopes_of_President_Xi" title="The Hopes of President Xi">The Hopes of President Xi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang_Xinyu" title="Zhijiang Xinyu">Zhijiang Xinyu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi Zhongxun</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Xin" title="Qi Xin">Qi Xin</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke_Lingling" title="Ke Lingling">Ke Lingling</a> (1st wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Liyuan" title="Peng Liyuan">Peng Liyuan</a> (2nd wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Qiaoqiao" title="Qi Qiaoqiao">Qi Qiaoqiao</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Yuanping" title="Xi Yuanping">Xi Yuanping</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Mingze" title="Xi Mingze">Xi Mingze</a> (daughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_China" title="Amazing China">Amazing China</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerator-in-Chief" title="Accelerator-in-Chief">Accelerator-in-Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Winnie-the-Pooh_in_China" title="Censorship of Winnie-the-Pooh in China">Censorship of Winnie-the-Pooh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Xi Jinping's cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_Papers" title="Panama Papers">Panama Papers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deng_Jiagui" title="Deng Jiagui">Deng Jiagui</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Letter_asking_Xi_Jinping_to_Resign" title="Open Letter asking Xi Jinping to Resign">Open Letter asking Xi Jinping to Resign</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhyzodiastes_xii" title="Rhyzodiastes xii">Rhyzodiastes xii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_Xi_Jinping%27s_Kindness_We_Never_Forget" title="General Secretary Xi Jinping's Kindness We Never Forget">General Secretary Xi Jinping's Kindness We Never Forget</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuexi_Qiangguo" title="Xuexi Qiangguo">Xuexi Qiangguo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Xi_Jinping" title="Category:Xi Jinping">Category:Xi Jinping</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301282#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301282#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301282#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000064236849">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7297610">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/395906/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJm4WxYgkCvF4PCG86bKh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1183015895">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr97026784">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36724856">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p264408500">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1665604353340">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201742081">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812644871105606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1433172">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&oldid=1257034760">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xi_Zhongxun&oldid=1257034760</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Vice premiers of the People's Republic of China">Vice premiers of the People's Republic of China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1913_births" title="Category:1913 births">1913 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