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Amphibole has five chemicals in its class:&#91;1&#93;:220"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Asbestos"/>  </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Asbestos rootpage-Asbestos skin-vector action-view minerva--history-page-action-enabled skin-vector-legacy"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><div id="localNotice" lang="en" dir="ltr"><table class="messagebox mb-brainwatermark-light mb-info" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="mb-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Information_icon.svg" class="image"><img alt="Information icon.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/50px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/w/images/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/75px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/100px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a> </td> <td class="mb-text"><b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Moderator_elections/Election_booth" title="RationalWiki:Moderator elections/Election booth">Voting</a></b> in the <b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Moderator_elections" title="RationalWiki:Moderator elections">2024 RationalWiki Moderator Election</a></b> is now open </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-indicators mw-body-content"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Asbestos</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From RationalWiki</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:167px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrysotile_-_USGS_Mineral_Specimens_302.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Chrysotile_-_USGS_Mineral_Specimens_302.jpg/165px-Chrysotile_-_USGS_Mineral_Specimens_302.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="127" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Chrysotile_-_USGS_Mineral_Specimens_302.jpg/248px-Chrysotile_-_USGS_Mineral_Specimens_302.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Chrysotile_-_USGS_Mineral_Specimens_302.jpg/330px-Chrysotile_-_USGS_Mineral_Specimens_302.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1075" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrysotile_-_USGS_Mineral_Specimens_302.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Chrysotile asbestos</div></div></div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #008080; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:white; background-color:#008080"><b>Not just a river in Egypt</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism"><font size="4" color="white"><b>Denialism</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#dcebeb;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Denialism" title="Category:Denialism"><img alt="Icon denialism.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/c/ca/Icon_denialism.svg/100px-Icon_denialism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/c/ca/Icon_denialism.svg/150px-Icon_denialism.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/c/ca/Icon_denialism.svg/200px-Icon_denialism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:white; background-color:#008080; text-align:center;"><b>Alternative facts</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#dcebeb;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore%27s_Law" title="Gore's Law">Gore's Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute">BitChute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance" title="Argument from ignorance">Argument from ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-hand_smoke" title="Second-hand smoke">Second-hand smoke</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:white; background-color:#008080; text-align:center;"><b>♫ We're not listening ♫</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#dcebeb;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Ridley" title="Matt Ridley">Matt Ridley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Beale" title="Theodore Beale">Theodore Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Shrier" title="Abigail Shrier">Abigail Shrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Dore" title="Jimmy Dore">Jimmy Dore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_Northrup" title="Christiane Northrup">Christiane Northrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Got_Questions" title="Got Questions">Got Questions</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:DenialismSide" title="Template:DenialismSide">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DenialismSide" title="Template talk:DenialismSide">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:DenialismSide&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:167px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wojaleite_Serpentit.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wojaleite_Serpentit.jpg/165px-Wojaleite_Serpentit.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="220" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wojaleite_Serpentit.jpg/248px-Wojaleite_Serpentit.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wojaleite_Serpentit.jpg/330px-Wojaleite_Serpentit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Wojaleite_Serpentit.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Serpentine as observed in nature.</div></div></div> <p><b>Asbestos</b> is a type of metamorphic mineral group that falls into two classes, serpentine and amphibole. Serpentine has a single chemical in its class, chrysotile ([Mg<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub>]<sub>n</sub>). Amphibole has five chemicals in its class:<sup id="cite_ref-iarc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iarc-1">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:220</sup> </p> <ol><li>riebeckite, [NaFe<sup>2+</sup><sub>3</sub>Fe<sup>3+</sup><sub>2</sub>Si<sub>8</sub>O<sub>22</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>n</sub></li> <li>grunerite, [(Mg,Fe<sup>2+</sup>)<sub>7</sub>Si<sub>8</sub>O<sub>22</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>n</sub></li> <li>anthophyllite, [(Mg,Fe<sup>2+</sup>)<sub>7</sub>Si<sub>8</sub>O<sub>22</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>n</sub></li> <li>actinolite, [Ca2(Mg,Fe<sup>2+</sup>)<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>8</sub>O<sub>22</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>n</sub></li> <li>tremolite, [Ca<sub>2</sub>Mg<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>8</sub>O<sub>22</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>n</sub></li></ol> <p>Asbestos was used for thousands of years for various things, such as construction and pottery, although large-scale mining didn't begin until the 19<sup>th</sup> century. It became desirable as a building material because of its low cost, resistance to fire and acid, and sound absorption. Interestingly, asbestos is <a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_nature" title="Appeal to nature">all natural</a>. </p><p>Despite being a cause of lung <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a><sup id="cite_ref-iarc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iarc-1">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:294</sup> and various other diseases,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> and despite thousands of years of <a href="/wiki/Anecdotal_evidence" title="Anecdotal evidence">people's personal observations</a>, asbestos was not known to be dangerous until <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">scientific studies</a> were done on its health effects in the 20<sup>th</sup> century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-romans_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-romans-5">[5]</a></sup> As a result of these advances in science, regulations have phased out asbestos as a construction material in many countries.<sup id="cite_ref-iarc_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iarc-1">[1]</a></sup> </p><p>Artificial <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snow</a> commonly contained asbestos fibers before the 1980s phase-out happened.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Carcinogenicity"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Carcinogenicity</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#.22It.27s_perfectly_safe.21.22"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">"It's perfectly safe!"</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Donald_Trump_approved.21"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Donald Trump approved!</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Use_as_medicine"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Use as medicine</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#In_a_nutshell"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">In a nutshell</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Carcinogenicity">Carcinogenicity</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbestos&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Carcinogenicity">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The mechanism of carcinogenicity for asbestos is frustrated phagocytosis, i.e., the inability of a phagocyte to engulf its target.<sup id="cite_ref-iarc_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iarc-1">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:284-290</sup> Basically, when an unfortunate person inhales asbestos dust, microscopic mineral fibers become trapped in their lungs and cause inflammation, scarring, and eventually genetic damage to the body's cells.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> This damage leads to the development of lung cancer, most worryingly an especially aggressive form called mesothelioma. This mechanism likely also applies to other similarly-shaped, biologically-inert substances such as <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">nanotubes and nanowires</a> that meet the same length threshold for pleural retention of 5 µm as asbestos does.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> </p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesothelioma" class="extiw" title="wp:Mesothelioma" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Mesothelioma">Mesothelioma</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> is an extremely aggressive variant of lung cancer, and an estimated 80% of cases are caused by asbestos exposure. Depending on when the cancer is detected, life expectancy ranges from 12 to 21 months, and most patients only live about a year after detection.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> The most effective method of preventing this horrible disease is this: <i><b>don't fucking mess with asbestos.</b></i><sup>[<i>citation NOT needed</i>]</sup> </p> <h2><span id=""It's_perfectly_safe!""></span><span class="mw-headline" id=".22It.27s_perfectly_safe.21.22">"It's perfectly safe!"</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbestos&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: "It's perfectly safe!"">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism">Denialism</a></div> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>Though the dangers of asbestos were proven quite definitively in the 1950s, the use of asbestos continued in many countries for many years thereafter. The industry was keen to minimize and obscure the dangers of the substance. Asbestos was simply so profitable, linked to so many jobs, and so useful for so many purposes that there was an extreme reluctance to move away from it altogether.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—<i>Fascinating Horror</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The danger of asbestos is sometimes erroneously claimed to have been known to the ancient <a href="/wiki/Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman">Romans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-romans_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-romans-5">[5]</a></sup> The danger of asbestosis to workers was correctly recognized as early as the 1900s, and insurance companies began to take notice in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> The carcinogenicity of asbestos in humans was suspected since 1935 and was firmly established in 1955 by Sir Richard Doll.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> Nonetheless, the asbestos industry attempted to <a href="/wiki/Cover_up" class="mw-redirect" title="Cover up">cover up</a> the risks of asbestos into the 1970s<sup id="cite_ref-richards_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-richards-13">[13]</a></sup> (sounds familiar, doesn't it?). There is still the rare crank who denies the health hazards of asbestos, such as <a href="/wiki/Journalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Journalist">journalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Booker" title="Christopher Booker">Christopher Booker</a>. </p> <h3><span id="Donald_Trump_approved!"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Donald_Trump_approved.21">Donald Trump approved!</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbestos&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Donald Trump approved!">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_approved_asbestos.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/w/images/thumb/c/ca/Trump_approved_asbestos.jpg/250px-Trump_approved_asbestos.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="thumbimage" srcset="/w/images/thumb/c/ca/Trump_approved_asbestos.jpg/375px-Trump_approved_asbestos.jpg 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/c/ca/Trump_approved_asbestos.jpg/500px-Trump_approved_asbestos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_approved_asbestos.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>From Russia, With Love: "Одобрено Дональдом Трампом, 45-м президентом США" (Approved by Donald Trump, 45<sup>th</sup> President of the United States), according to the Ураласбест (Uralasbest) <a class="mw-selflink selflink">asbestos</a> company<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup></div></div></div> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>Donald is on our side! … He supported the head of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> Scott Pruitt, who stated that his office would no longer deal with negative effects potentially derived from products containing asbestos. Donald Trump supported a specialist and called asbestos “100% safe after application."</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—Russian asbestos company Uralasbest dribbling on <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, 2018<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1979, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> hired a demolition contractor to take down the building at the future Trump Tower site.<sup id="cite_ref-johnston_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnston-18">[18]</a></sup> The contractor used <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigration">illegal</a>, non-<a href="/wiki/Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Union">union</a> <a href="/wiki/Polish" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish">Polish</a> workers who were exposed to asbestos.<sup id="cite_ref-johnston_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnston-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> In his 1997 book, <i>The Art of the Comeback</i>, Trump denied that there was any association between asbestos exposure and cancer, stating "I believe that the movement against asbestos was led by the mob, because it was often mob-related companies that would do the asbestos removal. Great pressure was put on politicians, and as usual, the politicians relented."<sup id="cite_ref-goodkind_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodkind-20">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ironically" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironically">Ironically</a>, it was Trump's hiring of <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a>-controlled companies that enabled his demolition contractor to hire the illegal workers that were exposed to asbestos.<sup id="cite_ref-johnston_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnston-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> Trump pushed asbestos denialism in 2018 via his <a href="/wiki/EPA" class="mw-redirect" title="EPA">EPA</a> director Scott Pruitt, who announced that the EPA would cease evaluating asbestos hazards in the environment.<sup id="cite_ref-goodkind_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodkind-20">[20]</a></sup> This is some four decades after the last known time that the asbestos industry itself engaged in denialism.<sup id="cite_ref-richards_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-richards-13">[13]</a></sup> Asbestos hazard denialism, with the aid of Trump, also seems to be alive and well in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>; in 2018 a Trump-branded asbestos being produced by a Russian asbestos company backed by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> appeared.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Use_as_medicine">Use as medicine</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbestos&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Use as medicine">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</a>, asbestos is used (including in powder form) for treating impotence, spermatorrhea, premature ejaculation, colic, muscle cramps, prostatitis, and endometritis.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aconite_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aconite-26">[26]</a></sup> It is also used for kidney "warming" and <a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">yang</a> fortifying, whatever that means.<sup id="cite_ref-aconite_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aconite-26">[26]</a></sup> </p><p>Asbestos has been used in <a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a> and is known as <i>kousheyashma</i>. One analysis of traditional medicines found it in formulations at up to 25%.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> </p><p>Asbestos has been used by <a href="/wiki/Crystal_healing" title="Crystal healing">crystal healers</a> like just about every other mineral. While many practitioners claim asbestos draws "<a href="/wiki/Subtle_energy" title="Subtle energy">negative energy</a>" or something similar <a href="/wiki/Special_pleading" title="Special pleading">to explain why asbestos is bad when every other crystal is good</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> there are nonetheless still people who advocate its use in crystal healing.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_a_nutshell">In a nutshell</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbestos&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In a nutshell">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <center> <div class="thumb embedvideo autoResize" style="width: 648px;"><div class="embedvideo autoResize" style=""><div class="embedvideowrap" style="width: 640px;"><iframe title="Play video" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/KuHL7hiFTnc?" width="640" height="360" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="true"></iframe></div></div></div> </center> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbestos&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">Talc</a> — which can be found in nature alongside asbestos, but is commercially asbestos-free</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbestos&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:80%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iarc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iarc_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iarc_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iarc_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iarc_1-3">1.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol100C/mono100C-11.pdf"><i>Arsenic, Metals, Fibres and Dusts</i></a> (2009) World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, volume 100C. ISBN 9789283213208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos-related_diseases" class="extiw" title="wp:Asbestos-related diseases" rel="nofollow">Asbestos-related diseases</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1742940/pdf/v080p00072.pdf">History of asbestos-related disease</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2323486/">Asbestos: mining exposure, health effects and policy implications</a>, Kristina Luus.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-romans-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-romans_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-romans_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">"Anti-asbestos campaigners have tried to claim that Pliny described the dangers of asbestos to those who mined it (Bk.33.122), but this was based on a misreading. Pliny was describing those who worked with cinnabar or <a href="/wiki/Mercury" title="Mercury">mercury</a> ore (K. Browne and R. Murray, 'Asbestos and the Romans', <i>The Lancet</i>, 336, p. 445)." <i>Scared to Death</i>, Christopher Booker, Richard North, page 326.<br /> "Browne and Murray were unable to find an ancient writing attributing hazardous properties to asbestos." <i>Asbestos: Medical and Legal Aspects</i>, Barry I. Castleman, page 1. <br /> "Pliny the Elder is often said to have recorded that slaves working with asbestos came down with lung disease, but this seems to be based on a mistranslation; see Kevin Browne and Robert Murray, "Asbestos and the Romans," <i>Lancet</i> 336 (1990): 445." <i>The Nazi War on Cancer</i>, Robert Proctor, page 310.<br /> "Dioscorides and other ancient Greek writers used the noun ασβεστος (asvestos) to mean quicklime; a meaning retained in Modern Greek. However, Pliny the Elder, apparently misunderstanding the use of this word by the early Greeks, replaced the Greek noun for quicklime, asvestos, with the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word asbestinon, or ‘‘asbestos.” "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702013703/http://faculty.unlv.edu/buckb/Dana/The-mineral-nature-of-asbestos_2008_Regulatory-Toxicology-and-Pharmacology.pdf">The mineral nature of asbestos</a>", Malcolm Ross et al. Archived from the original on July 2, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150912163246/https://ehs.utah.edu/facilities-safety/asbestos">Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz frolicked through it.</a> Archived from the original on September 12, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asbestos.com/asbestos/">Asbestos</a>. <i>Asbestos.com</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/pdf/1743-8977-9-34.pdf">http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/pdf/1743-8977-9-34.pdf</a> Use of back-scatter electron signals to visualise cell/nanowires interactions in vitro and in vivo; frustrated phagocytosis of long fibres in macrophages and compartmentalisation in mesothelial cells in vivo</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mesotheliomagroup.com/mesothelioma/prognosis/life-expectancy/">Life expectancy</a>. <i>Mesothelioma Group.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-MCZ2wcNfo">"A Brief History of Asbestos"</a>, <i>Fascinating Horror</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Fatal Deception: The Terrifying True Story of How Asbestos Is Killing America</i> by Michael Bowker (2003). Touchstone. Page 18. ISBN 0743251431.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol1-42/mono2.pdf">Some inorganic and organometallic compounds (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, volume 2)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-richards-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-richards_13-0">13.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-richards_13-1">13.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/11/12/new-data-on-asbestos-indicate-cover-up-of-effects-on-workers/028209a4-fac9-4e8b-a24c-50a93985a35d/">New Data on Asbestos Indicate Cover-Up of Effects on Workers</a> by Bill Richards (November 12, 1978) <i>Washington Post</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.is/aXKQG">Дональд на нашей стороне!</a> by ОАО "Ураласбест" (June 24, 2018 at 10:28 PM) <i>Facebook</i> (archived from 11 Jul 2018 10:20:00 UTC).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2018/07/11/approved-by-donald-trump-asbestos-sold-by-russian-company-is-branded-with-the-presidents-face/">'Approved by Donald Trump': Asbestos sold by Russian company is branded with the president’s face</a> by Eli Rosenberg (July 11, 2018) at 9:00 AM) <i>The Washington Post</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/russian-asbestos-trump_face/">Did a Russian Asbestos Company Put Trump’s Face on Their Product? A Russian asbestos producer shared a photograph of their product to social media with a seal of Donald Trump’s face and the text "Approved by Donald Trump".</a>] by Alex Kasprak (20 July 2018) <i>Snopes</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worthingtoncaron.com/News/2018/July/Russian-Asbestos-Industry-Earns-Trumps-Seal-of-A.aspx">Russian Asbestos Industry Earns Trump's "Seal of Approval"</a>. Worthington Caron, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnston-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-johnston_18-0">18.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-johnston_18-1">18.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-johnston_18-2">18.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/05/donald-trump-2016-mob-organized-crime-213910">Just What Were Donald Trump's Ties to the Mob? I've spent years investigating, and here's what's known</a> by David Cay Johnston (May 22, 2016) <i>Politico Magazine</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171104105156/https://www.sokolovelaw.com/blog/donald-trump-asbestos/">Donald Trump Denies Dangers of Asbestos, Promotes Its Strength.</a> <i>Sokolove Law</i>. Archived from the original on November 4, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goodkind-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-goodkind_20-0">20.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-goodkind_20-1">20.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/pruitt-trump-asbestos-chemicals-trump-962703">Donald Trump Called Asbestos Poisoning a Mob-Led Conspiracy, Now His EPA Won’t Evaluate Asbestos Already in Homes</a> by Nicole Goodkind (6/7/18 at 6:10 AM) <i>Newsweek</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Trump: The Art of the Comeback</i> by Donald J. Trump & Kate Bohner (1997) Times Books. ISBN 0812929640. pp. 83-84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/09/donald-trump-lies-about-dealings-mafia-figures">The Many Times Donald Trump Has Lied About His Mob Connections: He apparently lied under oath to deny he associated with organized crime figures</a> by David Corn (Sep. 23, 2016 5:00 AM) <i>Mother Jones</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/Uralasbest/posts/531137150617873">Дональд на нашей стороне!</a> by ОАО "Ураласбест" (June 24, 2018 at 10:28 PM) <i>Facebook</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2018/07/11/approved-by-donald-trump-asbestos-sold-by-russian-company-is-branded-with-the-presidents-face/">'Approved by Donald Trump': Asbestos sold by Russian company is branded with the president’s face</a> by Eli Rosenberg (July 11, 2018) at 9:00 AM) <i>The Washington Post</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcmwiki.com/wiki/actinolite"><i>Actinolite</i></a>, TCMwiki.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aconite-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-aconite_26-0">26.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-aconite_26-1">26.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askdrmao.com/natural-health-dictionary/aconite/">Aconite</a>. This describes the asbestos ore actinolite.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jbsoweb.com/admin/php/uploads/52_pdf.pdf">Critical Appraisal on Formulations of Kousheyashma (Asbestos)</a> by Sharma, Govinda K., et al. (2013) <i>Journal of Biological & Scientific Opinion</i>· Volume 1(3):228-231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.healing-crystals-for-you.com/asbestos-and-energy.html">Asbestos and Energy</a>, <i>Healing Crystals for you</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rebel-angel.co.uk/shop/crystals-a-z/chrysotile/">Chrysotile</a>, <i>Rebel Angel</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Asbestos&oldid=2673687">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Asbestos&oldid=2673687</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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