CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="pl" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasto"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Miasto – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )plwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","styczeń","luty","marzec","kwiecień","maj","czerwiec","lipiec","sierpień","wrzesień","październik","listopad","grudzień"],"wgRequestId":"fb16a46f-e863-4a2d-8efa-dce21e23d25e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Miasto","wgTitle":"Miasto","wgCurRevisionId":75215111,"wgRevisionId":75215111,"wgArticleId":44882 ,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Miasto","wgRelevantArticleId":44882,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":75215111,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pl"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true, "wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym": "বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"}, {"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"} ,{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st", "autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym": "isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa", "kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true, "mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q515","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":false,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.wikiflex":"ready","ext.gadget.infobox":"ready","ext.gadget.hlist":"ready","ext.gadget.darkmode-overrides":"ready", "ext.gadget.small-references":"ready","ext.gadget.citation-access-info":"ready","ext.gadget.sprawdz-problemy-szablony":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced", "ext.gadget.ll-script-loader","ext.gadget.veKeepParameters","ext.gadget.szablon-galeria","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.citoid-overrides","ext.gadget.maps","ext.gadget.padlock-indicators","ext.gadget.interwiki-langlist","ext.gadget.edit-summaries","ext.gadget.edit-first-section","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.map-toggler","ext.gadget.narrowFootnoteColumns","ext.gadget.WDsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.gadget.citation-access-info%2Cdarkmode-overrides%2Chlist%2Cinfobox%2Csmall-references%2Csprawdz-problemy-szablony%2Cwikiflex&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Empire_State_Building_-_Flickr_id_22883032530.jpg/1200px-Empire_State_Building_-_Flickr_id_22883032530.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="803"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Empire_State_Building_-_Flickr_id_22883032530.jpg/800px-Empire_State_Building_-_Flickr_id_22883032530.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="536"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Empire_State_Building_-_Flickr_id_22883032530.jpg/640px-Empire_State_Building_-_Flickr_id_22883032530.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="428"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Miasto – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edytuj" href="/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (pl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasto"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasto"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasto"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Miasto rootpage-Miasto stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasto" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="pl" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasto&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Strona główna</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Specjalna:Losowa_strona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Losuj</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Specjalna:W_pobli%C5%BCu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">W pobliżu</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Miasto&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Zaloguj się</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ustawienia_mobile&returnto=Miasto&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Ustawienia</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source%3Ddonate%26utm_medium%3Dsidebar%26utm_campaign%3DC13_pl.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Dpl%26wmf_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Wspomóż Wikipedię</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">O Wikipedii</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Korzystasz_z_Wikipedii_tylko_na_w%C5%82asn%C4%85_odpowiedzialno%C5%9B%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Korzystasz z Wikipedii tylko na własną odpowiedzialność</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Nawigacja użytkownika"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Miasto</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> znaczny obszar gęsto zabudowany </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Język" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Język</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Miasto&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Obserwuj</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edytuj</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="noprint noexcerpt disambig navigation-not-searchable" style="line-height:1.5em; padding: 3px 6px; background-color: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 1em; display: flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center;"> <span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_ujednoznaczniaj%C4%85ca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inne znaczenia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/25px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/38px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/50px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183"></a></span><span>Zobacz też: <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto_(ujednoznacznienie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Miasto (ujednoznacznienie)">miasto w innych znaczeniach tego słowa</a>.</span> </div> <p><b>Miasto</b> (od <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_pras%C5%82owia%C5%84ski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Język prasłowiański">psł.</a> *<i>město</i> „miejsce”) – historycznie ukształtowana <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jednostka_osadnicza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jednostka osadnicza">jednostka osadnicza</a> charakteryzująca się dużą intensywnością <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obszar_zabudowany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obszar zabudowany">zabudowy</a>, małą ilością terenów rolniczych, ludnością pracującą poza <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rolnictwo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rolnictwo">rolnictwem</a> (w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Przemys%C5%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Przemysł">przemyśle</a> lub w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Us%C5%82ugi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usługi">usługach</a>) prowadzącą <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Styl_%C5%BCycia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Styl życia">miejski styl życia</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Empire_State_Building_-_Flickr_id_22883032530.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Empire_State_Building_-_Flickr_id_22883032530.jpg/220px-Empire_State_Building_-_Flickr_id_22883032530.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Empire_State_Building_-_Flickr_id_22883032530.jpg/330px-Empire_State_Building_-_Flickr_id_22883032530.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Empire_State_Building_-_Flickr_id_22883032530.jpg/440px-Empire_State_Building_-_Flickr_id_22883032530.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nowy_Jork?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nowy Jork">Nowy Jork</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a_Downtown.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a_Downtown.jpg/220px-Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a_Downtown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bielsko-Bia%25C5%2582a_Downtown.jpg/330px-Bielsko-Bia%25C5%2582a_Downtown.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bielsko-Bia%25C5%2582a_Downtown.jpg/440px-Bielsko-Bia%25C5%2582a_Downtown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bielsko-Biała">Bielsko-Biała</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Luftbild_Innenstadt_City.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Luftbild_Innenstadt_City.jpg/220px-Luftbild_Innenstadt_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Luftbild_Innenstadt_City.jpg/330px-Luftbild_Innenstadt_City.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Luftbild_Innenstadt_City.jpg/440px-Luftbild_Innenstadt_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1165"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamm">Hamm</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Skyline_of_Beijing_CBD_from_the_southeast_(20210907094201).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Skyline_of_Beijing_CBD_from_the_southeast_%2820210907094201%29.jpg/220px-Skyline_of_Beijing_CBD_from_the_southeast_%2820210907094201%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Skyline_of_Beijing_CBD_from_the_southeast_%252820210907094201%2529.jpg/330px-Skyline_of_Beijing_CBD_from_the_southeast_%252820210907094201%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Skyline_of_Beijing_CBD_from_the_southeast_%252820210907094201%2529.jpg/440px-Skyline_of_Beijing_CBD_from_the_southeast_%252820210907094201%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6143" data-file-height="4095"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pekin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pekin">Pekin</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>W różnych państwach kryteria miejskości są różne, najczęściej są to kryteria demograficzne bądź prawno-administracyjne (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prawa_miejskie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prawa miejskie">prawa miejskie</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Dymek_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dymek-1">[1]</a></sup>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="pl" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Spis treści</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Efekt_skali"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Efekt skali</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Czynniki_miastotw%C3%B3rcze"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Czynniki miastotwórcze</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historia_rozwoju_miast_w_Europie"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Historia rozwoju miast w Europie</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Staro%C5%BCytno%C5%9B%C4%87"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Starożytność</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C5%9Aredniowiecze"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Średniowiecze</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wczesne_%C5%9Bredniowiecze"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Wczesne średniowiecze</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pe%C5%82ne_i_p%C3%B3%C5%BAne_%C5%9Bredniowiecze"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Pełne i późne średniowiecze</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-8"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kolonizacja_wschodnia"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Kolonizacja wschodnia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-9"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Typy_jednostek_osadniczych_we_Francji"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Typy jednostek osadniczych we Francji</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-10"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rozbudowa_miast"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Rozbudowa miast</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-11"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Miasta-pa%C5%84stwa_w_%C5%9Bredniowieczu"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Miasta-państwa w średniowieczu</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Miasta_idealne_epoki_renesansu_i_baroku"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Miasta idealne epoki renesansu i baroku</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Miasta-twierdze"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Miasta-twierdze</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wiek_XIX"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Wiek XIX</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wiek_XX_i_wsp%C3%B3%C5%82czesno%C5%9B%C4%87"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Wiek XX i współczesność</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Karta_Ate%C5%84ska"><span class="tocnumber">3.6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Karta Ateńska</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#II_wojna_%C5%9Bwiatowa_i_jej_skutki"><span class="tocnumber">3.6.2</span> <span class="toctext">II wojna światowa i jej skutki</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Modernizacje_miast"><span class="tocnumber">3.6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Modernizacje miast</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wielkie_zespo%C5%82y_mieszkaniowe"><span class="tocnumber">3.6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Wielkie zespoły mieszkaniowe</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Czasy_najnowsze"><span class="tocnumber">3.6.5</span> <span class="toctext">Czasy najnowsze</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sytuacja_prawna"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Sytuacja prawna</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C5%9Awiat"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Świat</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Polska"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Polska</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Procesy_zwi%C4%85zane_z_miastami"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Procesy związane z miastami</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Funkcje_miast"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Funkcje miast</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Miasto_sto%C5%82eczne"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Miasto stołeczne</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Najwi%C4%99ksze_miasta_%C5%9Bwiata_wed%C5%82ug_liczby_ludno%C5%9Bci_w_roku_2006"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Największe miasta świata według liczby ludności w roku 2006</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Zobacz_te%C5%BC"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Zobacz też</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Uwagi"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Uwagi</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Przypisy"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Przypisy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografia"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliografia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Linki_zewn%C4%99trzne"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Linki zewnętrzne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Efekt_skali">Efekt skali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Efekt skali" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Miasta charakteryzują się większym zagęszczeniem ludzi, co sprzyja większej ilości i różnorodności kontaktów między ludźmi. Przekłada się to na większą produktywność i kreatywność, która rośnie szybciej niż liczba mieszkańców – im większe miasto tym większy (na mieszkańca), np. dochód (w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stany Zjednoczone">USA</a> w x razy większym mieście suma płac jest średnio większa o x<sup>1,12</sup>) oraz większa liczba wynalazków i patentów, ale także większa przestępczość (w USA w x razy większym mieście jest średnio x<sup>1,16</sup> więcej poważnych przestępstw), czy większa ilość zachorowań na AIDS (w USA w x razy większym mieście jest średnio o x<sup>1,23</sup> więcej zachorowań na <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_nabytego_niedoboru_odporno%C5%9Bci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zespół nabytego niedoboru odporności">AIDS</a>). Także szybkość chodzenia jest większa w większych miastach. Jednocześnie większa koncentracja ludzi sprzyja intensywniejszemu wykorzystaniu infrastruktury, która rośnie wolniej niż liczba mieszkańców – im większe miasto tym mniej na głowę np. dróg (w USA w x razy większym mieście jest średnio x<sup>0,83</sup> więcej dróg), stacji benzynowych czy kabli elektrycznych<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.1073/pnas.0610172104-s7301-7306_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-doi10.1073/pnas.0610172104-s7301-7306-2">[2]</a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Czynniki_miastotwórcze"><span id="Czynniki_miastotw.C3.B3rcze"></span>Czynniki miastotwórcze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Czynniki miastotwórcze" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Szczecin_Zamek_Ksiazat_Pomorskich_(od_pln-zach).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Szczecin_Zamek_Ksiazat_Pomorskich_%28od_pln-zach%29.jpg/220px-Szczecin_Zamek_Ksiazat_Pomorskich_%28od_pln-zach%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2969" data-file-height="1900"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Szczecin_Zamek_Ksiazat_Pomorskich_%28od_pln-zach%29.jpg/220px-Szczecin_Zamek_Ksiazat_Pomorskich_%28od_pln-zach%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Szczecin_Zamek_Ksiazat_Pomorskich_%28od_pln-zach%29.jpg/330px-Szczecin_Zamek_Ksiazat_Pomorskich_%28od_pln-zach%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Szczecin_Zamek_Ksiazat_Pomorskich_%28od_pln-zach%29.jpg/440px-Szczecin_Zamek_Ksiazat_Pomorskich_%28od_pln-zach%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Widok na <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stare_Miasto_(Szczecin)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stare Miasto (Szczecin)">Stare Miasto</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zamek_Ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%85t_Pomorskich_w_Szczecinie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zamek Książąt Pomorskich w Szczecinie">Zamek Książąt Pomorskich</a> i <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Odra_Zachodnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Odra Zachodnia">Odrę Zachodnią</a> w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szczecin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szczecin">Szczecinie</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Wśród czynników miastotwórczych można wymienić następujące:</p> <ul> <li>przedsiębiorczość indywidualną i zbiorową mieszkańców i tzw. patriotyzm lokalny – czynnik społeczny (np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Babimost?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Babimost">Babimost</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zakopane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zakopane">Zakopane</a>)</li> <li>czynniki lokalizacji przemysłu, budownictwa, transportu oraz usług produkcyjnych – czynniki produkcyjne (np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szczecin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ostrawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ostrawa">Ostrawa</a>)</li> <li>czynniki zainwestowania w infrastrukturze społecznej i ekonomicznej – czynniki zainwestowania infrastrukturalnego (np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uniej%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uniejów">Uniejów</a>)</li> <li>czynniki historyczne umożliwiające kontynuację procesów rozwojowych dotychczasowych funkcji tradycyjnych, uwarunkowanie biegiem historii (np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerozolima?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerozolima">Jerozolima</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kair?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kair">Kair</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nitra_(miasto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nitra (miasto)">Nitra</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pyrzyce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pyrzyce">Pyrzyce</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kołobrzeg">Kołobrzeg</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lublin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radom">Radom</a>)</li> <li>położenie względem tzw. otoczenia będącego siłą motoryczną rozwoju miast, np. <ul> <li>na szlakach handlowych (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buchara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buchara">Buchara</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wenecja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wenecja">Wenecja</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kalisz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kalisz">Kalisz</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pozna%C5%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stargard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stargard">Stargard</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krasnystaw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krasnystaw">Krasnystaw</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kamie%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kamieńsk">Kamieńsk</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ostrzesz%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ostrzeszów">Ostrzeszów</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Smole%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Smoleńsk">Smoleńsk</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/U%C5%82an_Bator?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ułan Bator">Ułan Bator</a>),</li> <li>nad rzeką (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szczecin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Police?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Police">Police</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sandomierz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sandomierz">Sandomierz</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulej%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sulejów">Sulejów</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kazimierz_Dolny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kazimierz Dolny">Kazimierz Dolny</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toru%C5%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toruń">Toruń</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grudzi%C4%85dz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grudziądz">Grudziądz</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bydgoszcz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krosno_Odrza%C5%84skie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krosno Odrzańskie">Krosno Odrzańskie</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bratys%C5%82awa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bratysława">Bratysława</a>),</li> <li>nad jeziorem (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giecz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giecz">Giecz</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gniezno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gniezno">Gniezno</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szczecinek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szczecinek">Szczecinek</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baku">Baku</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meksyk_(miasto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meksyk (miasto)">Meksyk</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Detroit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>),</li> <li>nad morzem (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aleksandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aleksandria">Aleksandria</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kopenhaga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kopenhaga">Kopenhaga</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kołobrzeg">Kołobrzeg</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gdynia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nowy_Jork?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nowy Jork">Nowy Jork</a>) lub niedaleko od morza (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolin_(miasto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wolin (miasto)">Wolin</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szczecin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Police?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Police">Police</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbl%C4%85g?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elbląg">Elbląg</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londyn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londyn">Londyn</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lubeka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lubeka">Lubeka</a>),</li> <li>na terenach rolniczych (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proszowice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proszowice">Proszowice</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pyrzyce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pyrzyce">Pyrzyce</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%81owicz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Łowicz">Łowicz</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opoczno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opoczno">Opoczno</a>),</li> <li>na złożach rud i minerałów (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bochnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bochnia">Bochnia</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bytom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bytom">Bytom</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olkusz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olkusz">Olkusz</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarnowskie_G%C3%B3ry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarnowskie Góry">Tarnowskie Góry</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donieck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donieck">Donieck</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiruna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiruna">Kiruna</a>),</li> <li>w pobliżu kopalń (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wieliczka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wieliczka">Wieliczka</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bochnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bochnia">Bochnia</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katowice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katowice">Katowice</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polkowice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polkowice">Polkowice</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Częstochowa">Częstochowa</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bełchatów">Bełchatów</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Z%C5%82oty_Stok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Złoty Stok">Złoty Stok</a>) lub źródeł leczniczych (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kudowa-Zdr%C3%B3j?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kudowa-Zdrój">Kudowa-Zdrój</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Awierad%C3%B3w-Zdr%C3%B3j?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Świeradów-Zdrój">Świeradów-Zdrój</a>),</li> <li>w miejscach strategicznych i wyznaczonych na zjazdy polityczne (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katowice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katowice">Katowice</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radom">Radom</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toru%C5%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toruń">Toruń</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parczew?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parczew">Parczew</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lublin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piotrk%C3%B3w_Trybunalski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piotrków Trybunalski">Piotrków Trybunalski</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petersburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petersburg">Petersburg</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chartum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chartum">Chartum</a>)</li> <li>oraz na terenach dogodnych dla rozwoju zabudowy (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pyrzyce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pyrzyce">Pyrzyce</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szczecin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zakopane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zakopane">Zakopane</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Łódź">Łódź</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>)</li> </ul></li> <li>rezerwy terenów miejskich (np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szadek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szadek">Szadek</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiruna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiruna">Kiruna</a>)</li> <li>dostępność komunikacyjna do źródeł zasilania w wodę, energię elektryczną itp. (np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Houston?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siewierobajkalsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siewierobajkalsk">Siewierobajkalsk</a>)</li> <li>siła oddziaływania potencjału lub grawitacji w strefie wpływu wielkich miast – czynnik <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aglomeracja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aglomeracja">aglomeracji</a> i <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deglomeracja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deglomeracja">deglomeracji</a> miast</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Historia_rozwoju_miast_w_Europie">Historia rozwoju miast w Europie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Historia rozwoju miast w Europie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Starożytność"><span id="Staro.C5.BCytno.C5.9B.C4.87"></span>Starożytność</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Starożytność" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Najstarsze znane założenia urbanistyczne pochodzą z obszarów basenu <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morze_Egejskie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morze Egejskie">Morza Egejskiego</a> z <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epoka_br%C4%85zu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Epoka brązu">epoki brązu</a>, gdzie rozwijały się kultury <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Troja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Troja">trojańska</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kultura_minojska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kultura minojska">minojska</a> i <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kultura_myke%C5%84ska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kultura mykeńska">mykeńska</a>. Ich cechami wspólnymi była przede wszystkim nieregularność ulic, istnienie centralnego placu oraz pałacu, zwanego też domem książęcym. W przypadku kultury minojskiej miasta nie miały <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortyfikacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fortyfikacja">fortyfikacji</a>, w celach obronnych wykorzystywano ukształtowanie terenu (miasta lokowano najczęściej na wysokich brzegach morza lub na stokach gór). Cechy odrębnych miast wykazywały także wielkie założenia pałacowe (jak np. w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knossos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Knossos">Knossos</a>). Wszystkie trzy kultury przestały istnieć około X-XI w. p.n.e. – na jej miejsce wkroczyła cywilizacja grecka.</p> <p>W <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wieki_ciemne_(staro%C5%BCytno%C5%9B%C4%87)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wieki ciemne (starożytność)">wiekach ciemnych</a> i <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okres_archaiczny_(staro%C5%BCytna_Grecja)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Okres archaiczny (starożytna Grecja)">okresie archaicznym</a> głównym czynnikiem powstawania miast było porzucanie przez ludzi i osiedlanie pod ochroną znaczącej świątyni (okręgu kultowego) lub twierdzy. Miasta takie cechuje nieplanowy rozwój, przez co nie mają jasno wytyczonych granic i umocnień, oddzielenie i niepowiązanie planistycznie <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agora">agory</a>, zabudowań świątynnych (często umieszczonych poza obrębem właściwego miasta, na <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Akropol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Akropol">akropolach</a>) i domostw, których lokalizacja zależała od korzystnych warunków topograficznych, oraz prostota, wręcz prymitywizm, budynków mieszkalnych.</p> <p>W 1. poł. V w. p.n.e. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hippodamos_z_Miletu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hippodamos z Miletu">Hippodamos z Miletu</a> (prawdopodobnie; jego autorstwo nie jest pewne) opracował nowy układ urbanistyczny, zwany <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/System_hippodamejski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="System hippodamejski">systemem hippodamejskim</a>. System uwzględniał warunki naturalne, perspektywiczny rozwój i funkcjonalność miasta. Obszar przyszłego miasta o wyraźnie zakreślonych granicach dzielono głównymi arteriami wytyczonymi wzdłuż osi północ-południe i wschód-zachód na kwartały. W centralnie usytuowanej części miasta lokowano ośrodek administracyjno-handlowy (agora) i kultowy (akropol), pozostałe kwartały zapełniała zabudowa mieszkalna. Miasto uzupełniał m.in. teatr lokowany w kotlinie na zboczu. Główne i boczne ulice krzyżowały się pod kątem prostym, tworząc geometryczną regularną siatkę. System ten, opierający się na demokratycznej zasadzie równości, był podstawą greckiej urbanistyki aż do pocz. naszej ery, powrócono do niego także w czasach nowożytnych – większość nowo zakładanych miast w Ameryce Północnej od XVII do XX wieku także posiada regularną, hippodamejską siatkę ulic.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg/220px-Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="910"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 126px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg/220px-Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="126" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg/330px-Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg/440px-Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Model <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castrum_Romanum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castrum Romanum">castrum Romanum</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Urbanistyka podobna do systemu hippodamejskiego – oparta na regularnej siatce ulic – występowała także w miastach <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etruskowie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etruskowie">etruskich</a>. Miały one kształt kwadratu lub prostokąta podzielone w krzyż głównymi ulicami, cardo (oś N-S) i decumanus (oś E-W).</p> <p>W <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Staro%C5%BCytny_Rzym?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Starożytny Rzym">starożytnym Rzymie</a>, z połączenia wzorców etruskich i greckich, wykształciła się forma tzw. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castrum_Romanum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castrum Romanum">castrum Romanum</a> – warownego obozu wojskowego wznoszonego według ściśle określonego planu, mającego kształt kwadratu lub prostokąta, otoczonego zawsze fosą i wałem, często też murem lub palisadą, z czterema bramami. Przy tego typu obozach powstawały osiedla <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canabae?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canabae">canabae</a>, które często przeradzały się stopniowo w miasta. Castra Romana dały początek takim m.in. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolonia_(Niemcy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolonia (Niemcy)">Kolonii</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wiede%C5%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wiedeń">Wiedniowi</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pary%C5%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paryż">Paryżowi</a> czy <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reims?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reims">Reims</a>, będąc po rozbiórce wszelkich fortyfikacji jądrem miast średniowiecznych. Zgoła odmiennie sytuacja przedstawiała się w już istniejących miastach, których struktura narastała przez lata, jak np. w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rzym?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rzym">Rzymie</a>, gdzie mimo różnych przekształceń układ przestrzenny pozostał nieregularny. Centrum każdego rzymskiego miasta stanowiło tzw. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forum_(Rzym)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forum (Rzym)">forum</a>, które w odróżnieniu od greckiej agory było nie tyle placem targowym, ile pełniło funkcje reprezentacyjne – przy nim lokowano najważniejsze gmachy publiczne, główne świątynie itp.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Średniowiecze"><span id=".C5.9Aredniowiecze"></span>Średniowiecze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Średniowiecze" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Wczesne_średniowiecze"><span id="Wczesne_.C5.9Bredniowiecze"></span>Wczesne średniowiecze</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Wczesne średniowiecze" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Po zakończeniu <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wielka_w%C4%99dr%C3%B3wka_lud%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wielka wędrówka ludów">wielkiej wędrówki ludów</a> wiele miast rzymskich zostało zniszczonych, wiele znacząco podupadło. Wraz ze zmniejszaniem się liczby ludności skracano mury miejskie, niejednokrotnie także jedynie dawne centra miast, zdolne do obrony, otaczano umocnieniami, a pozostałe obszary zamieniano na pola uprawne bądź dopuszczano do zarośnięcia. Przykładowo, średniowieczny <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trewir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trewir">Trewir</a> powstał na 4-metrowej warstwie gruzów miasta rzymskiego.</p> <p>Jednocześnie <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanie">Germanie</a> nie mieli żadnej tradycji urbanistycznej, toteż nowe ośrodki miejskie powstawały z wykorzystaniem tradycji rzymskich. Jądrami nowych miast były zazwyczaj <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castrum_Romanum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castrum Romanum">castra Romana</a>, odpowiednikiem rzymskiego canabae były tzw. <i>burgum</i> – przedmieścia składające się z kalenicowo ustawionych domów rzemieślnicznych bronione ciągiem zewnętrznych ścian domów i zamknięte bramą. Liczni książęta budowali swoje rezydencje w dawnych miastach rzymskich, legitymując się w ten sposób jako następcy <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cesarstwo_zachodniorzymskie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cesarstwo zachodniorzymskie">cesarstwa zachodniorzymskiego</a>, np. władcy <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ostrogoci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ostrogoci">ostrogoccy</a> w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rawenna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rawenna">Rawennie</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Longobardowie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Longobardowie">longobardzcy</a> w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pawia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pawia">Pawii</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merowingowie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merowingowie">merowińscy</a> w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolonia_(Niemcy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolonia (Niemcy)">Kolonii</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Saint_Gall_planta.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Saint_Gall_planta.PNG/170px-Saint_Gall_planta.PNG" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="720"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 245px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Saint_Gall_planta.PNG/170px-Saint_Gall_planta.PNG" data-width="170" data-height="245" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Saint_Gall_planta.PNG/255px-Saint_Gall_planta.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Saint_Gall_planta.PNG/340px-Saint_Gall_planta.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Plan klasztoru w Sankt Gallen z 820 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Wroc%C5%82aw_-_fotopolska.eu_(293941).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wroc%C5%82aw_-_fotopolska.eu_%28293941%29.jpg/220px-Wroc%C5%82aw_-_fotopolska.eu_%28293941%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1603"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wroc%C5%82aw_-_fotopolska.eu_%28293941%29.jpg/220px-Wroc%C5%82aw_-_fotopolska.eu_%28293941%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wroc%C5%82aw_-_fotopolska.eu_%28293941%29.jpg/330px-Wroc%C5%82aw_-_fotopolska.eu_%28293941%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wroc%C5%82aw_-_fotopolska.eu_%28293941%29.jpg/440px-Wroc%C5%82aw_-_fotopolska.eu_%28293941%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a> – miasto założone w czasie kolonizacji wschodniej, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rynek_(urbanistyka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rynek (urbanistyka)">rynek</a> z blokiem zabudowy śródrynkowej </figcaption> </figure> <p>Nowszym typem miast, powstającym od IV wieku, były tzw. miasta biskupie. Początek dał im <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_nicejski_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sobór nicejski I">Sobór nicejski I</a> w 325 r., który zobowiązał biskupów do stałego przebywania w miastach diecezjalnych. Najważniejszymi elementami takich miast była katedra i plac targowy. Przykładem tego typu ośrodka może być <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wormacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wormacja">Wormacja</a>. Podobny charakter do miast biskupich miały miasta kolegiackie, z tą różnicą, że tereny kościelne były wyraźnie oddzielone od „części mieszczańskiej”.</p> <p>We wczesnym średniowieczu samowystarczalnymi ośrodkami – de facto samodzielnymi organizmami miejskimi – były często klasztory. Do najsłynniejszych należą m.in. opactwa w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reims?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reims">Reims</a> i <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St._Gallen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St. Gallen">Sankt Gallen</a>. Pochodzący z 820 r. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plan_klasztoru_w_Sankt_Gallen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plan klasztoru w Sankt Gallen">plan tego drugiego</a> uznawany jest za wzorzec idealnego klasztoru-miasta. Wszystkie tego typu organizmy z czasem stały się integralnymi częściami miast, które wokół klasztorów się rozwinęły.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Pełne_i_późne_średniowiecze"><span id="Pe.C5.82ne_i_p.C3.B3.C5.BAne_.C5.9Bredniowiecze"></span>Pełne i późne średniowiecze</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Pełne i późne średniowiecze" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Kolonizacja_wschodnia">Kolonizacja wschodnia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Kolonizacja wschodnia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Kolonizacją wschodnią nazywa się planowe akcje osadnicze organizowane od VIII do XIV wieku na terenie Europy Środkowej. Wyróżnia się cztery jej etapy:</p> <ul> <li>w VIII–XI wieku na terenie dzisiejszej <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austria">Austrii</a></li> <li>w X wieku nad środkową <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%81aba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Łaba">Łabą</a> (zakładanie biskupstw misyjnych przez <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99te_Cesarstwo_Rzymskie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cesarstwo_Otton%C3%B3w" title="Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie">Ottonów</a>)</li> <li>od XII do poł. XIV wieku na terenie dzisiejszej <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polska">Polski</a> południowej oraz <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Czechy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Czechy">Czech</a></li> <li>od XIII do końca XIV wieku na terenie dzisiejszej Polski północnej i krajów bałtyckich (kolonizacja organizowana przez <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zakon_krzy%C5%BCacki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zakon krzyżacki">zakon krzyżacki</a>)</li> </ul> <p>Miasta powstające w okresie kolonizacji wschodniej mają podobny kształt przestrzenny: narys zbliżony do prostokąta lub owalu, siatka prostopadłych ulic, prostokątny plac targowy (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rynek_(urbanistyka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rynek (urbanistyka)">rynek</a>) z blokiem zabudowy śródrynkowej (w którym był m.in. ratusz), kościół na własnym placu oraz, jeżeli istnieje, zamek na obrzeżach miasta posiadający własne umocnienia.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Typy_jednostek_osadniczych_we_Francji">Typy jednostek osadniczych we Francji</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Typy jednostek osadniczych we Francji" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Kształt przestrzenny nowo lokowanych miejscowości we <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francja">Francji</a> całkowicie różnił się od miejscowości z kręgu kultury niemieckiej. Wyróżnia się trzy typy jednostek osadniczych:</p> <ul> <li><i>Ville neuve</i> – centrum miasta w postaci klasztoru lub zamku ewentualnie skrzyżowania ważnych dróg handlowych, na nizinach na planie sieciowym lub promienistym, na terenach górzystych układ przestrzenny dostosowany do rzeźby terenu</li> <li><i>Ville enveloppée</i> – centrum miasta w postaci zamku, klasztoru lub siedziby biskupa otoczone pierścieniami zabudowy</li> <li>Miasto ufortyfikowane – ściśle geometrycznie zaplanowane miasta z załogą wojskową bądź miasta-warownie występujące głównie we Francji płd., będącej miejsce konfliktu interesów między koroną francuską, Anglią i <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C5%82adcy_Tuluzy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Władcy Tuluzy">książętami Tuluzy</a>; ich mieszkańcy mieli swym „wysiłkiem gospodarczym i militarnym” wspierać władzę swojego pana. Najsłynniejszym tego typu miastem jest <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carcassonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Rozbudowa_miast">Rozbudowa miast</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Rozbudowa miast" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>W przeciwieństwie do rzymskiego castrum Romanum, w którym niemożliwa była żadna rozbudowa (chyba że poprzez powstawanie canabae), miasta średniowieczne, zaplanowane mniej rygorystycznie pozwalały na dalszy rozwój przestrzenny. Rozbudowa miasta mogła przebiegać na kilka sposobów:</p> <ul> <li>nowe części miasta powstałe poza murami były otaczane nowym pierścieniem murów, np. w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berno">Bernie</a></li> <li>leżące poza miastem klasztory i inne osady włączano w obręb miasta, a ich umocnienia służyły jako część fortyfikacji całego miasta</li> <li>kilka samodzielnych osiedli łączono w jedną całość</li> <li>wokół starej części miasta powstawały nowe dzielnice z nowymi murami (stare rozbierano)</li> <li>nowe części miasta budowano po przeciwnej stronie rzeki, przez co rozwijały się one przestrzennie niezależnie i były oddzielnie ufortyfikowane – powstawały, pod względem urbanistycznym, dwa odrębne organizmy.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Miasta-państwa_w_średniowieczu"><span id="Miasta-pa.C5.84stwa_w_.C5.9Bredniowieczu"></span>Miasta-państwa w średniowieczu</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Miasta-państwa w średniowieczu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4_(1532).jpeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4_%281532%29.jpeg/220px-%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4_%281532%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4_%281532%29.jpeg/220px-%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4_%281532%29.jpeg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4_%281532%29.jpeg/330px-%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4_%281532%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4_%281532%29.jpeg/440px-%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4_%281532%29.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Wenecja ze swoją siecią kanałów </figcaption> </figure> <p>Między XIII a XIV w. nastąpił olbrzymi rozwój urbanistyki w północnych i środkowych Włoszech. Przyczynił się do tego rozpad Włoch na samodzielne księstwa i miasta-państwa, z których największe znaczenie miały: <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mediolan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mediolan">Mediolan</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Werona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Werona">Werona</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Florencja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Florencja">Florencja</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siena?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siena">Siena</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferrara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genua">Genua</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wenecja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wenecja">Wenecja</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piza">Piza</a> i <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lukka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lukka">Lukka</a>. Nowe założenia przestrzenne i wielkie dzieła architektury powstawały przede wszystkim dzięki przekazaniu przez rody arystokratyczne władzy mieszczanom i chęci demonstrowania swojej siły politycznej poprzez kształtowanie wyglądu miast. Podobna sytuacja miała miejsce w Niemczech i Niderlandach, gdzie samodzielność uzyskały największe potęgi handlowe basenu <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morze_Ba%C5%82tyckie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morze Bałtyckie">Morza Bałtyckiego</a> i <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morze_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morze Północne">Północnego</a>, m.in. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lubeka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lubeka">Lubeka</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amsterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brugia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brugia">Brugia</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antwerpia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antwerpia">Antwerpia</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toru%C5%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toruń">Toruń</a> czy <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rostock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rostock">Rostock</a>. Wspólnym elementem układu urbanistycznego miast nadmorskich, tak włoskich, jak i niemieckich i niderlandzkich, była (mniejsza lub większa) sieć kanałów utworzona w celu bezpośredniego udostępnienia statkom miejskich magazynów i kantorów.</p> <p>Podobny charakter do włoskich miast-państw miały <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolne_miasta_Rzeszy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wolne miasta Rzeszy">wolne miasta Rzeszy</a> w Niemczech. Były to dawne miasta biskupie, które w XIII-XIV wieku zrzuciły władzę duchowną, podlegając bezpośrednio cesarzowi i posiadające własną reprezentacją w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reichstag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reichstag">Reichstagu</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Miasta_idealne_epoki_renesansu_i_baroku">Miasta idealne epoki renesansu i baroku</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Miasta idealne epoki renesansu i baroku" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Formerly_Piero_della_Francesca_-_Ideal_City_-_Galleria_Nazionale_delle_Marche_Urbino_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Formerly_Piero_della_Francesca_-_Ideal_City_-_Galleria_Nazionale_delle_Marche_Urbino_2.jpg/300px-Formerly_Piero_della_Francesca_-_Ideal_City_-_Galleria_Nazionale_delle_Marche_Urbino_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="88" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="442"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 88px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Formerly_Piero_della_Francesca_-_Ideal_City_-_Galleria_Nazionale_delle_Marche_Urbino_2.jpg/300px-Formerly_Piero_della_Francesca_-_Ideal_City_-_Galleria_Nazionale_delle_Marche_Urbino_2.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="88" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Formerly_Piero_della_Francesca_-_Ideal_City_-_Galleria_Nazionale_delle_Marche_Urbino_2.jpg/450px-Formerly_Piero_della_Francesca_-_Ideal_City_-_Galleria_Nazionale_delle_Marche_Urbino_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Formerly_Piero_della_Francesca_-_Ideal_City_-_Galleria_Nazionale_delle_Marche_Urbino_2.jpg/600px-Formerly_Piero_della_Francesca_-_Ideal_City_-_Galleria_Nazionale_delle_Marche_Urbino_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <i>Idealne miasto</i> (1475), <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piero della Francesca">Piero della Francesca</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Freudenstadt_Luftbild2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Freudenstadt_Luftbild2.jpg/220px-Freudenstadt_Luftbild2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Freudenstadt_Luftbild2.jpg/220px-Freudenstadt_Luftbild2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Freudenstadt_Luftbild2.jpg/330px-Freudenstadt_Luftbild2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Freudenstadt_Luftbild2.jpg/440px-Freudenstadt_Luftbild2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Freudenstadt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Freudenstadt">Freudenstadt</a> z lotu ptaka </figcaption> </figure> <p>W <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renesans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renesans">renesansie</a> pojawiła się koncepcja tzw. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto_idealne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miasto idealne">miasta idealnego</a>. Głównym źródłem ich projektantów był traktat <i>„O architekturze ksiąg dziesięć”</i> autorstwa rzymskiego architekta <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Witruwiusz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Witruwiusz">Witruwiusza</a>. Twórcą nowych założeń dotyczących ideału miasta był <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>. Według niego miasto:</p> <ul> <li>powinno leżeć nad rzeką, aby zapewnić transport towarów i odpowiednią higienę ludzi</li> <li>ma być zbudowane na dwóch niezależnych od siebie poziomach: poziom niższy, który służy do obsługi wszelakiej działalności, zaś poziom wyższy służy szlachcie i mieszczaństwu, aby bez przeszkód mogli poruszać się po mieście</li> <li>poniżej tych poziomów powinny się znajdować kanały żeglowne dla ułatwienia komunikacji i transportu</li> <li>szerokość ulic powinna stanowić co najmniej połowę wysokości przyległych pałaców</li> <li>piękno miasta powinno być symbolem funkcjonalności.</li> </ul> <p>Ponieważ zarówno we Włoszech, jak i Niemczech wielkie miasta skoncentrowane były przede wszystkim na przeprowadzeniu wewnętrznych reform i przekształceń, do realizacji utopijnych projektów dochodziło dość rzadko. Do najsłynniejszych należą:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palmanova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palmanova">Palmanova</a> w północno-wschodnich Włoszech – od sześciokątnego placu w centrum wychodzą symetrycznie (gwieździście) ulice, miasto otaczają obwałowania tworzące wielokątną gwiazdę, całość przypomina płatek śniegu</li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grammichele?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grammichele">Grammichele</a> na Sycylii – w podobnej formie jak Palmanova, ale nieufortyfikowane</li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zamość">Zamość</a> we wschodniej Polsce – układ przestrzenny nawiązuje do koncepcji antropomorficznych: pałac właścicieli głową, kręgosłupem główna ulica biegnąca od pałacu przez rynek, ulice odchodzące od rynku w bok ramionami, a place przy nich położone dłońmi</li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Freudenstadt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Freudenstadt">Freudenstadt</a> w Wirtembergii – rzędy domów w układzie zbliżonym do planszy <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C5%82ynek_(gra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Młynek (gra)">gry w młynka</a>, w narożnikach rozległego rynku budynki władz miejskich i kościół.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Karlsruhe_Bodenehr_1721_koloriert.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Karlsruhe_Bodenehr_1721_koloriert.jpg/220px-Karlsruhe_Bodenehr_1721_koloriert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2340" data-file-height="1524"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Karlsruhe_Bodenehr_1721_koloriert.jpg/220px-Karlsruhe_Bodenehr_1721_koloriert.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Karlsruhe_Bodenehr_1721_koloriert.jpg/330px-Karlsruhe_Bodenehr_1721_koloriert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Karlsruhe_Bodenehr_1721_koloriert.jpg/440px-Karlsruhe_Bodenehr_1721_koloriert.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karlsruhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a> na sztychu z 1721 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Saint_Petersburg_1776_map_LOC_g7064s_ct001468.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Saint_Petersburg_1776_map_LOC_g7064s_ct001468.jpg/220px-Saint_Petersburg_1776_map_LOC_g7064s_ct001468.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8328" data-file-height="5320"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Saint_Petersburg_1776_map_LOC_g7064s_ct001468.jpg/220px-Saint_Petersburg_1776_map_LOC_g7064s_ct001468.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Saint_Petersburg_1776_map_LOC_g7064s_ct001468.jpg/330px-Saint_Petersburg_1776_map_LOC_g7064s_ct001468.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Saint_Petersburg_1776_map_LOC_g7064s_ct001468.jpg/440px-Saint_Petersburg_1776_map_LOC_g7064s_ct001468.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Plan Petersburga z 1776 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Prawdziwą popularność koncepcja miasta idealnego zdobyła dopiero w okresie <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barok">baroku</a>. Ich budowa była przez <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarchia_absolutna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monarchia absolutna">absolutystycznych</a> władców pożądana i wspierana. Główne założenia barokowych miast idealnych:</p> <ul> <li>miasto jako racjonalnie przemyślana całość</li> <li>miasto jako rezydencja, obiekt prestiżowy</li> <li>pałac, zamek lub cytadela jako odrębne założenie będące centrum miasta, jego dominantą</li> <li>szachownicowy bądź promienisty układ ulic</li> <li>place pomiędzy reprezentacyjnymi fasadami</li> <li>bastionowy system obronny</li> <li>ogrody przy zamku lub w mieście</li> <li>regularność najczęściej poligonalno-symetrycznego planu</li> <li>położenie na równinie, przy rzece/nad morzem, na skrzyżowaniu ważnych szlaków komunikacyjnych</li> <li>przydzielenie wszystkim grupom ludności optymalnego miejsca w mieście</li> <li>rozdział warsztatu/sklepu od domu prywatnego.</li> </ul> <p>Najsłynniejsze przykłady barokowych miast idealnych to:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karlsruhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>, stolica Badenii – centrum tworzy pałac i wieża pałacowa, 32 promieniste ulice prowadzą do miasta i parku; założenie kontynuowane w duchu klasycyzmu na pocz. XIX wieku</li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mannheim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a> w Badenii – układ urbanistyczny na planie szachownicy (tzw. Kwadratowe Miasto), główna ulica biegnie od pałacu przez dwa „rynki”</li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rastatt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rastatt">Rastatt</a> w Badenii – miasto położone na półwyspie, główna ulica biegnie od pałacu przez rynek do jedynego mostu, po przeciwległych stronach rynku kościół i ratusz</li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petersburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petersburg">Petersburg</a>, dawna stolica Rosji – od pałacu ulice odchodzą promieniście, przecinając kolejne pierścienie kanałów.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Miasta-twierdze">Miasta-twierdze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Miasta-twierdze" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_Bourtange_(%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6,_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5,_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%C2%BB)_%E2%80%94_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_Bourtange_%28%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%2C_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%2C_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%C2%BB%29_%E2%80%94_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1434"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 243px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_Bourtange_%28%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%2C_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%2C_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%C2%BB%29_%E2%80%94_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="243" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_Bourtange_%28%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%2C_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%2C_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%C2%BB%29_%E2%80%94_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_Bourtange_%28%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%2C_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%2C_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%C2%BB%29_%E2%80%94_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Twierdza Bourtange w Niderlandach </figcaption> </figure> <p>Rozwój techniki wojskowej, który szczególnie uwidocznił się podczas <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wojny_w%C5%82oskie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wojny włoskie">wojen włoskich</a> (1494–1559), spowodował, że średniowieczne mury miejskie, wieże i baszty przestały być skutecznym systemem umocnień. Zaczęto więc budować <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Twierdza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Twierdza">twierdze</a>, zastępując mury <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wa%C5%82_obronny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wał obronny">wałami ziemnymi</a> a baszty – <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bastion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bastion">bastionami</a>. Wyróżnia się trzy typy twierdz, tzw. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narys_fortyfikacyjny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Narys fortyfikacyjny">narysy fortyfikacyjne</a>:</p> <ul> <li>narys bastionowy – stosowany od XVI wieku do XIX wieku. Złożony był z pięciokątnych masywów ziemnych – <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bastion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bastion">bastionów</a> połączonych ze sobą prostymi odcinkami wałów ziemnych, tzw. kurtyn. Całość tworzyła zamknięty <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wielok%C4%85t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wielokąt">wielobok</a>, czyli poligon (nazywany także wielobokiem fortyfikacyjnym). Pomiędzy poszczególnymi bastionami wznoszono także dodatkowe umocnienia, takie jak: <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rawelin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rawelin">rawelin</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kleszcze_(fortyfikacja)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kleszcze (fortyfikacja)">kleszcze</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Przeciwstra%C5%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Przeciwstraż">przeciwstraż</a></li> <li>narys kleszczowy – stosowany wspólnie z narysem bastionowym. Powstawał w wyniku przedłużenia czół bastionów i rawelinów aż do punktu zetknięcia się</li> <li>narys poligonalny – stosowany w fortyfikacjach od XVIII wieku do XIX wieku. Powstawał przez przedłużenie czół bastionów i umieszczenie w punkcie przecięcia dodatkowego dzieła obronnego w postaci <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaponiera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaponiera">kaponiery</a> lub <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kojec_(fortyfikacja)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kojec (fortyfikacja)">kojca</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Będące z początkami w miarę prostymi systemami składającymi się z pojedynczego wału i pięciokątnych bastionów z czasem przekształcały się, poprzez dodawanie kolejnych elementów, w olbrzymie fortyfikacje zajmujące niejednokrotnie więcej przestrzeni niż położone wewnątrz nich miasto.</p> <p>Podstawy teoretyczne budowy i zdobywania twierdz obowiązujące do poł. XIX wieku stworzył <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Le_Prestre_de_Vauban?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban">Sebastian Vauban</a>, przez którego zaprojektowany zespół dwunastu grup warownych na granicach Francji znajduje się obecnie na <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_%C5%9Bwiatowego_dziedzictwa_UNESCO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO">liście UNESCO</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Wiek_XIX">Wiek XIX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Wiek XIX" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Wiek XIX wywarł największy wpływ na większość współczesnych miast europejskich. To właśnie wtedy ukształtowały się śródmieścia znakomitej części ośrodków miejskich. Główną przyczyną niczym nieskrępowanego rozwoju przestrzennego miast w tym stuleciu było błyskawiczne <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industrializacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Industrializacja">uprzemysłowienie</a> tychże miast, a możliwy on był dzięki likwidacji przestarzałych fortyfikacji.</p> <p>Urbanistyka <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klasycyzm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klasycyzm">klasycyzmu</a>, czyli końca wieku XVIII i pocz. XIX, przezwyciężyła palladiańską koncentrację motywów antycznych w wyizolowanej, pojedynczej budowli i tworzyła szeroko zakrojone, przejrzyste osie, z ich symetrią i wyznaczeniem dominant. Założenia klasycystyczne są dobrze widoczne w układzie przestrzennym centrum <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monachium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monachium">Monachium</a>. W tym drugim zastosowano podział na nieregularne <i>miasto mieszczan</i> na południu i <i>miasto królewskie</i> na północy składające się z trzech arterii odchodzących od zamku miejskiego na zachód, północ i wschód, których dominantami były odpowiednio: Propyleje, gmach uniwersytetu i pałac Maximilianeum.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:AK_Brockhausstra%C3%9Fe_1910.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/AK_Brockhausstra%C3%9Fe_1910.jpg/220px-AK_Brockhausstra%C3%9Fe_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1090" data-file-height="706"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/AK_Brockhausstra%C3%9Fe_1910.jpg/220px-AK_Brockhausstra%C3%9Fe_1910.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/AK_Brockhausstra%C3%9Fe_1910.jpg/330px-AK_Brockhausstra%C3%9Fe_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/AK_Brockhausstra%C3%9Fe_1910.jpg/440px-AK_Brockhausstra%C3%9Fe_1910.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Typowa nowo zabudowana ulica XIX-wieczna na pocztówce z epoki (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lipsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lipsk">Lipsk</a>, 1910) </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Alsergrund_um1900.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Alsergrund_um1900.jpg/220px-Alsergrund_um1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1582" data-file-height="1158"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 161px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Alsergrund_um1900.jpg/220px-Alsergrund_um1900.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="161" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Alsergrund_um1900.jpg/330px-Alsergrund_um1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Alsergrund_um1900.jpg/440px-Alsergrund_um1900.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Kontrasty zabudowy w miastach XIX-wiecznych: stare kamieniczki wkrótce zostaną zburzone pod wielkomiejskie budowle podobne do tych widocznych w tle (na zdjęciu: <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wiede%C5%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wiedeń">Wiedeń</a>) </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Familoki222.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Familoki222.JPG/220px-Familoki222.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="408"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Familoki222.JPG/220px-Familoki222.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Familoki222.JPG/330px-Familoki222.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Familoki222.JPG/440px-Familoki222.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> XIX-wieczne osiedle robotnicze <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaufhaus_(Ruda_%C5%9Al%C4%85ska)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaufhaus (Ruda Śląska)">Kaufhaus</a> w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruda_%C5%9Al%C4%85ska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruda Śląska">Rudzie Śląskiej</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Szent_Bertalan_utca_a_Kossuth_Lajos_utca_fel%C3%A9_n%C3%A9zve._Fortepan_721.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Szent_Bertalan_utca_a_Kossuth_Lajos_utca_fel%C3%A9_n%C3%A9zve._Fortepan_721.jpg/220px-Szent_Bertalan_utca_a_Kossuth_Lajos_utca_fel%C3%A9_n%C3%A9zve._Fortepan_721.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="1388"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Szent_Bertalan_utca_a_Kossuth_Lajos_utca_fel%C3%A9_n%C3%A9zve._Fortepan_721.jpg/220px-Szent_Bertalan_utca_a_Kossuth_Lajos_utca_fel%C3%A9_n%C3%A9zve._Fortepan_721.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Szent_Bertalan_utca_a_Kossuth_Lajos_utca_fel%C3%A9_n%C3%A9zve._Fortepan_721.jpg/330px-Szent_Bertalan_utca_a_Kossuth_Lajos_utca_fel%C3%A9_n%C3%A9zve._Fortepan_721.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Szent_Bertalan_utca_a_Kossuth_Lajos_utca_fel%C3%A9_n%C3%A9zve._Fortepan_721.jpg/440px-Szent_Bertalan_utca_a_Kossuth_Lajos_utca_fel%C3%A9_n%C3%A9zve._Fortepan_721.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Małe miasto <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gyöngyös">Gyöngyös</a> na Węgrzech w 1938 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Klasycyzm nie miał jednak takiego znaczenia dla historii urbanistyki jak druga połowa stulecia, czyli okres tzw. <i><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rewolucja_przemys%C5%82owa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#XIX_wiek" title="Rewolucja przemysłowa">drugiej rewolucji przemysłowej</a></i>. Jak już wspomniano, rozwój miast determinował rozwój przemysłu, który pociągał za sobą masowy napływ ludności. Niektóre miasta, jak np. polska <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Łódź">Łódź</a>, w ciągu kilkudziesięciu lat przekształciły się z prowincjonalnych miasteczek, czy nawet wsi w wielkie metropolie o międzynarodowym znaczeniu. Aby zapanować nad boomem budowlanym i nie dopuścić do powstania chaosu przestrzennego, zaczęto prowadzać surowe przepisy budowlane regulujące kształt, wysokość i styl architektoniczny budowli (było to możliwe tym bardziej, że bardzo często w całych dzielnicach właściciele działek korzystali z usług tych samych architektów) oraz tworzyć tzw. plany regulacyjne.</p> <p>Podstawowym rodzajem zabudowy były <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kamienica_(architektura)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kamienica (architektura)">kamienice</a>, układające się we w miarę ujednolicone <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierzeja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierzeja">pierzeje</a>, które tworzyły mniej lub bardziej regularne kwartały, niejednokrotnie przypominające starożytny <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/System_hippodamejski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="System hippodamejski">system hippodamejski</a> (za wzorcowy przykład XIX urbanistyki kwartałowej uchodzi <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">barcelońska</a> dzielnica <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eixample?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eixample">Eixample</a> zbudowana w oparciu o ściśle geometryczne zasady – ulice przecinają się pod kątem prostym, tworząc czworoboczne kwartały pod zabudowę mieszkalną).</p> <p>Stare części miast stopniowo traciły swoje znaczenie na rzecz nowych dzielnic, gdzie powstawały nowe gmachy publiczne, nowe place publiczne zastępujące staromiejskie rynki itd.; w niektórych przypadkach, np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warszawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warszawa">Warszawa</a>, starówki stawały się dzielnicami biedoty.</p> <p>Ważnym obiektem, determinującym kierunek rozwoju przestrzennego miasta, był – położony zazwyczaj poza centrum – <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dworzec_kolejowy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dworzec kolejowy">dworzec kolejowy</a> – cechą wspólną praktycznie wszystkich miast europejskich, które nie zostały zniszczone w czasie wojny bądź okresie późniejszym, jest to, że najbardziej reprezentacyjnymi wielkomiejskimi arteriami są te prowadzące od dworca do ścisłego centrum (centralnego punktu miasta).</p> <p>W wielu miastach dochodziło do tzw. wielkich przebudów, które poprzedzały, kontrowersyjne do dziś, masowe akcje wyburzeniowe. Do najsłynniejszych należą: <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wielka_przebudowa_Pary%C5%BCa_w_latach_1852%E2%80%931870?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wielka przebudowa Paryża w latach 1852–1870">wielka przebudowa Paryża w latach 1852–1870</a> kierowana przez <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georges-Eugène Haussmann">Georges’a Haussmanna</a>, podczas której zrównano z ziemią ponad 20 tys. budynków, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asanacja_praska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asanacja praska">asanacja praska</a> w latach 1895–1914, w której czasie zupełnie zmieniono oblicze dzielnic Podskalí i żydowskiego <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josefov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Josefov">Josefova</a>, wspomniana wyżej budowa dzielnicy <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eixample?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eixample">Eixample</a> w Barcelonie i budowa <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ring_wiede%C5%84ski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ring wiedeński">Ringu wiedeńskiego</a> w latach 1860–1890.</p> <p>Zakłady przemysłowe, których powstawanie było przyczyną napływu ludności i rozwoju miast, początkowo powstawały w centrach, wtapiały się one resztę w zabudowy – fabryka, kościół i park obok siebie nie były niczym dziwnym. Z czasem jednak uciążliwość przemysłu i pochodzące z fabryk zanieczyszczenia doprowadziły do realizacji koncepcji „rozdziału funkcji miasta”. Zakłady zaczęto przenosić na obrzeża, tworząc odrębne dzielnice przemysłowe. W ich pobliżu budowano tzw. osiedla robotnicze składające się z tanich (a przez to posiadających niski standard) mieszkań dla robotników, którzy nie musieli dzięki temu codziennie dojeżdżać do pracy czy szukać na własną rękę noclegu. W architekturze takich osiedli wyróżnia się dwa typy budynków: wielorodzinne przypominające XX-wieczne bloki (w Polsce nazywane najczęściej <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Familok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Familok">familokami</a>) oraz szeregowe z ogródkami przydomowymi. Charakterystyczną cechą zarówno fabryk, jak i domów dla robotników w całej Europie były nietynkowane elewacje z czerwonej cegły. W wielu przypadkach osiedla robotnicze, zamieszkiwane przez najbiedniejszą ludność, przeradzały się w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slumsy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slumsy">slumsy</a>; złe warunki na nich panujące były jedną z głównych przyczyn krytyki XIX-wiecznej urbanistyki w czasach modernizmu. Niekiedy osiedla robotnicze powstawały jako samodzielne osady przekształcające się później w miasta.</p> <p>Pod koniec stulecia rozwinęło się, na obrzeżach miast (choć nie tylko), budownictwo <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Willa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Willa">willowe</a> dające początek współczesnym osiedlom domów jednorodzinnych na przedmieściach. Jeszcze przed II wojną światową wille/domy jednorodzinne stały się dominującą formą budownictwa mieszkalnego, zastępując kamienice. W Wielkiej Brytanii, za sprawą <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebenezer_Howard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebenezer Howard">Ebenezera Howarda</a>, forma przedmieść wyewoluowała w tzw. przedmieścia-ogrody (różniły się od zwykłych przedmieść znacznym, często przekraczającym połowę całej powierzchni, udziałem terenów zielonych) oraz <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto_ogr%C3%B3d?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miasto ogród">miasta-ogrody</a>, które były formalnie samodzielnymi, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto_satelickie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miasto satelickie">satelickimi</a> ośrodkami miejskimi powstającymi wokół wielkich miast. Ideą miast-ogrodów było połączenie zalet miasta i wsi, „humanitaryzm” (ciasną zabudowę miejską już wtedy wielu uważało za „niehumanitarną”) oraz współżycie człowieka z naturą. Pierwszym takim miastem było podlondyńskie <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Letchworth_Garden_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letchworth Garden City">Letchworth Garden City</a>, które według projektu Howarda zaczęto budować w 1902 r.</p> <p>Na terenach szczególnie <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industrializacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Industrializacja">uprzemysłowionych</a> rozwijało się więcej ośrodków miejskich (zarówno już istniejących, jak i nowo zakładanych, np. w formie osiedla robotniczego), tworzących <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okr%C4%99g_przemys%C5%82owy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Okręg przemysłowy">okręgi przemysłowe</a>. W wielu przypadkach miasta takich okręgów zaczęły tworzyć jedną funkcjonalną całość (albo, jak w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zag%C5%82%C4%99bie_Ruhry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zagłębie Ruhry">Zagłębiu Ruhry</a> czy na Górnym Śląsku, wręcz zlewały w jeden ośrodek) – powstawały pierwsze <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aglomeracja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aglomeracja">aglomeracje</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Wiek_XX_i_współczesność"><span id="Wiek_XX_i_wsp.C3.B3.C5.82czesno.C5.9B.C4.87"></span>Wiek XX i współczesność</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Wiek XX i współczesność" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Karta_Ateńska"><span id="Karta_Ate.C5.84ska"></span>Karta Ateńska</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Karta Ateńska" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>W dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym XIX-wieczna urbanistyka zaczęła być powszechnie krytykowana. Czołowi urbaniści tego okresu głosili potrzebę zaprzestania tworzenia zabudowy kwartałowej i radykalnej zmiany kształtu przestrzennego miast – opartego na <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blok_mieszkalny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blok mieszkalny">blokach mieszkalnych</a> budowane pośród kwartałów zieleni przeciętych drogami szybkiego ruchu. Charakterystykę „stanu obecnego” i postulatów, jak mają wyglądać miasta w przyszłości, zawiera <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karta_Ate%C5%84ska_(1933)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karta Ateńska (1933)">Karta Ateńska</a> – uchwała końcowego posiedzenia 4. Międzynarodowego Kongresu Architektury Nowoczesnej w 1933 r.</p> <p>W części poświęconej opisowi cech ówczesnych miast jako negatywne skutki zwartej zabudowy miejskiej wymieniono m.in. zbyt małą powierzchnię mieszkalną na osobę, niewystarczające nasłonecznienie, występowanie zarodków chorób, zbyt małe ilości zieleni, „nieprzystosowanie do mieszkania budowli położonych wzdłuż dróg” i niedobór urządzeń sanitarnych. W rzeczywistości charakteryzowało to najbiedniejsze dzielnice – slumsy powstające na osiedlach robotniczych.</p> <p>Jako alternatywę dla tego stanu sygnatariusze Karty Ateńskiej postulowali:</p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74506874">.mw-parser-output div.cytat{display:table;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0;margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.8em;background:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output div.cytat>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0.5em 1.5em}.mw-parser-output div.cytat-zrodlo{text-align:right;padding:0 1em 0.5em 1.5em}.mw-parser-output div.cytat-zrodlo::before{content:"— "}.mw-parser-output div.cytat.środek{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output div.cytat.prawy{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1.4em}.mw-parser-output div.cytat.lewy{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1.4em}.mw-parser-output div.cytat.prawy:not([style]),.mw-parser-output div.cytat.lewy:not([style]){max-width:25em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.cytat{background-color:#202122;border-color:#2e3136}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.cytat{background-color:#202122;border-color:#2e3136}}</style> <div class="cytat"> <blockquote> <p>(...)<br> § 23. Dzielnice mieszkaniowe muszą w przyszłości zajmować najlepsze obszary w mieście, gdzie czerpiane będą pożytki z topografii i położenia, a także dysponujące najkorzystniejszym położeniem względem słońca i dogodnie położoną zielenią.<br> § 24. Wybór terenów dla mieszkalnictwa musi być przeprowadzany w oparciu o kryterium higieny.<br> § 25. Rozsądna gęstość zaludnienia, odpowiadająca formom osadniczym, określonym przez naturę terenu.<br> § 26. Dla każdego mieszkania ustalić trzeba godzinne minimum nasłonecznienia.<br> § 27. Linia zabudowy wzdłuż tras komunikacyjnych musi być zabroniona.<br> § 28. Wykonywanie wysokich budynków, korzystając z nowoczesnej techniki.<br> § 29. Wysokie budynki muszą stać w odpowiednio szerokich odstępach, tak, by było między nimi możliwie wiele zieleni.<br> (...)<br> § 35. Każda dzielnica mieszkalna musi w przyszłości dysponować terenami zielonymi dla rozsądnych urządzeń sportowych i rekreacyjnych dla dzieci, młodzieży i dorosłych.<br> § 36. Niezdrowe kwartały muszą być wyburzone i zastąpione terenami zielonymi: wzrośnie wartość graniczących z nimi bloków!<br> § 46. Miasta przemysłowe muszą być rozmieszczone nie koncentrycznie, a linearnie.<br> § 47. Leżące wzdłuż osi zaopatrzenia okręgi przemysłowe będą oddzielone pasem zieleni od równoległych osiedli dla pracowników.<br> (...)<br> § 60. Drogi komunikacyjne muszą być klasyfikowane zgodnie z ich charakterem, i budowane odpowiednio do poruszających się nimi pojazdów i ich szybkości.<br> § 62. Piesi muszą używać innych ulic niż samochody.<br> § 64. Drogi dalekobieżne powinny być zasadniczo izolowane przez tereny zielone.<br> § 66. Zachowanie starej substancji budowlanej nie może jednak oznaczać warunków mieszkalnych, które byłyby niewytrzymalne dla ludności.<br> § 67. Likwidacja mizernych kwartałów wokół zabytków historycznych umożliwi stworzenie obszarów zieleni.<br> (...)</p> </blockquote> </div> <p>Kierunek urbanistyczny, obowiązujący na świecie do połowy lat 70. XX wieku, którego założenia zawarto w Karcie Ateńskiej, nazywa się <i>modernizmem</i>. W Europie, w przeciwieństwie do Ameryk czy Azji, początkowo nie znalazł on większego uznania – założenia Karty Ateńskiej zaczęto wypełniać praktycznie dopiero w latach 50. podczas tzw. modernizacji miast, która jednak w pełni przebiegała tylko na Wyspach Brytyjskich. W Europie kontynentalnej ograniczano się głównie do budowy <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wielki_zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_mieszkaniowy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wielki zespół mieszkaniowy">wielkich zespołów mieszkaniowych</a>. Praktycznie jedynym przykładem miasta modernistycznego jest <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hawr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hawr">Hawr</a> zbudowany od podstaw po zniszczeniu starego Hawru w czasie wojny. Ponadto znane są przykłady nigdy niezrealizowanych projektów przebudów miast europejskich. Najsłynniejszym z nich jest pomysł wyburzenia <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pary%C5%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paryż">paryskiego</a> śródmieścia i zastąpienia go modelowym miastem „nowoczesnym” składającym się z wieżowców ustawionych w równych kwartałach parkowych autorstwa <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Corbusier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusiera</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="II_wojna_światowa_i_jej_skutki"><span id="II_wojna_.C5.9Bwiatowa_i_jej_skutki"></span>II wojna światowa i jej skutki</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: II wojna światowa i jej skutki" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-041-07,_Dresden,_zerst%C3%B6rtes_Stadtzentrum.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-041-07%2C_Dresden%2C_zerst%C3%B6rtes_Stadtzentrum.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-041-07%2C_Dresden%2C_zerst%C3%B6rtes_Stadtzentrum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="527"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-041-07%2C_Dresden%2C_zerst%C3%B6rtes_Stadtzentrum.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-041-07%2C_Dresden%2C_zerst%C3%B6rtes_Stadtzentrum.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-041-07%2C_Dresden%2C_zerst%C3%B6rtes_Stadtzentrum.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-041-07%2C_Dresden%2C_zerst%C3%B6rtes_Stadtzentrum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-041-07%2C_Dresden%2C_zerst%C3%B6rtes_Stadtzentrum.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-041-07%2C_Dresden%2C_zerst%C3%B6rtes_Stadtzentrum.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Zabytkowe śródmieście Drezna po alianckich bombardowaniach </figcaption> </figure> <p>Zniszczenia <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/II_wojna_%C5%9Bwiatowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="II wojna światowa">II wojny światowej</a> nie miały sobie równych w historii <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historia_najnowsza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historia najnowsza">nowoczesnej</a> Europy. Żaden inny konflikt zbrojny w tak wielkim stopniu nie wpłynął na wygląd współczesnych miast, na terenie Francji, Niemiec, Polski, Wielkiej Brytanii, ZSRR. Naloty lotnicze, podobnie jak fanatyczne walki o miasta doprowadziły nie tylko do śmierci dziesiątek tysięcy osób, ale doszczętnych zniszczeń zabudowy, przekraczających w wielu przypadkach 90%.</p> <p>Urbanistyka europejska stanęła przed nowym zadaniem – odbudowy zniszczonych miast. Można wyróżnić kilka „typów” odbudów (po średniku przykład miasta):</p> <ul> <li>odbudowa większej lub mniejszej części obiektów historycznych, całkowite zachowanie przedwojennego układu przestrzennego (czyli np. na miejscu starych kamienic budowano kamienice zbliżone kształtem i wielkością); <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monachium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monachium">Monachium</a></li> <li>całkowita odbudowa części miasta (np. zespołu staromiejskiego), reszta odbudowana częściowo lub wcale, z zachowaniem lub bez zachowania przedwojennego układu przestrzennego; <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warszawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warszawa">Warszawa</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></li> <li>odbudowa ważniejszych obiektów historycznych, z częściowym zachowaniem przedwojennego układu przestrzennego (ewentualnie zachowanie zbliżonej siatki ulic); <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankfurt_nad_Menem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankfurt nad Menem">Frankfurt nad Menem</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drezno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drezno">Drezno</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> – najpowszechniejszy typ odbudowy</li> <li>budowa miasta w zupełnie nowym kształcie (ewentualnie z zachowaniem pojedynczych obiektów historycznych); <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hawr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hawr">Hawr</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lewiec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Królewiec">Królewiec</a></li> <li>rozbiórka zachowanych ruin i zamiana obszaru dawnego miasta na tereny zielone; <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kostrzyn_nad_Odr%C4%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kostrzyn nad Odrą">Kostrzyn nad Odrą</a>.</li> </ul> <p>W żadnym przypadku nie miało miejsce całkowite przywrócenie stanu przedwojennego. Było to sprzeczne z obowiązującą wówczas <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karta_Wenecka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karta Wenecka">Kartą Wenecką</a> (dokument traktujący o zasadach konserwacji i restauracji zabytków), która sprzeciwiała się rekonstrukcjom całych zespołów architektonicznych.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Modernizacje_miast">Modernizacje miast</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Modernizacje miast" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Gwałtowny rozwój motoryzacji w latach 50. i 60. spowodował, że układy komunikacyjne miast, pochodzące często jeszcze z XIX wieku, stawały się niewydolne. Istnienie wąskich, krętych, brukowanych uliczek z torowiskami tramwajowymi połączone z brakiem obwodnic i parkingów powodowały tworzenie ogromnych korków i „duszenie się” zarówno wielkich metropolii, jak i mniejszych ośrodków. Podjęto więc radykalne środki mające na celu stworzenie „miasta dla samochodów” – rozpoczęto wielkie akcje wyburzeniowe w centrach miast, aby na miejscu burzonych budynków (często zabytkowych) budować wielopasmowe drogi szybkiego ruchu z <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C4%99ze%C5%82_drogowy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Węzeł drogowy">bezkolizyjnymi skrzyżowaniami</a> niejednokrotnie dzielące miasto na kilka części. Budowę nowych arterii połączono z realizacją założeń Karty Ateńskiej – zastępowaniem „niezdrowych” kwartałów zabudową modernistyczną. Tego typu działania nazywane są <i>modernizacjami miast</i> i obecnie powszechnie krytykowane ze względu na niszczenie tkanki miejskiej w celu, który można było osiągnąć w o wiele mniej szkodliwy sposób (obwodnice biegnące poza obszarami zabudowanymi, tunele, rozwój komunikacji zbiorowej itd.).</p> <p>Nie ma w Europie kraju, gdzie w II poł. XX wieku nie dochodziłoby do działań modernizacyjnych, jednak na największą skalę prowadzone były w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wielka_Brytania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wielka Brytania">Wielkiej Brytanii</a>, będącej pod silnym wpływem trendów amerykańskich (właśnie w USA zapoczątkowano modernizacje miast), oraz w krajach <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blok_wschodni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blok wschodni">bloku wschodniego</a>. W tych drugich często chodziło jednak nie tyle o wypełnianie postulatów Karty Ateńskiej, ile o realizację celów ideologicznych, np. „zastępowanie miast burżuazyjnych socjalistycznymi” czy budowa potężnych kompleksów architektonicznych, ewentualnie realizację planów gospodarczych np. poprzez burzenie całych dzielnic, a nawet miast, pod którymi znajdowały się złoża surowców lub chciano postawić wielkie zakłady przemysłowe. Przykładem może być wyburzenie w latach 80. 7 km² śródmieścia <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bukareszt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bukareszt">Bukaresztu</a> i wybudowanie na jej miejscu monumentalnej dzielnicy rządowej z <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Parlamentu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pałac Parlamentu">Pałacem Parlamentu</a> w centrum czy stuprocentowe zniszczenie w latach 60. i 70. 50-tysięcznego <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Most_(miasto_w_Czechach)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Most (miasto w Czechach)">Mostu</a> w zachodnich Czechach w celu eksploatacji znajdujących się pod nim złóż węgla kamiennego.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Wielkie_zespoły_mieszkaniowe"><span id="Wielkie_zespo.C5.82y_mieszkaniowe"></span>Wielkie zespoły mieszkaniowe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Wielkie zespoły mieszkaniowe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Torun_osiedle_Skarpa_02.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Torun_osiedle_Skarpa_02.jpg/220px-Torun_osiedle_Skarpa_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2246" data-file-height="1681"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Torun_osiedle_Skarpa_02.jpg/220px-Torun_osiedle_Skarpa_02.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Torun_osiedle_Skarpa_02.jpg/330px-Torun_osiedle_Skarpa_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Torun_osiedle_Skarpa_02.jpg/440px-Torun_osiedle_Skarpa_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Typowe środkowoeuropejskie blokowisko </figcaption> </figure> <p>Jednym z „produktów” urbanistyki modernistycznej są <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wielki_zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_mieszkaniowy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wielki zespół mieszkaniowy">wielkie zespoły mieszkaniowe</a>, zwane potocznie <i>blokowiskami</i> – osiedla, której zabudowę mieszkalną tworzą <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blok_mieszkalny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blok mieszkalny">bloki wielorodzinne</a>.</p> <p>Ojcem blokowisk jest czołowy <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urbanista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urbanista">urbanista</a> modernizmu, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Corbusier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>. Chcąc zapewnić ubogim robotnikom godziwe miejsce do życia, wśród zieleni, światła słonecznego i porządku stworzył tzw. maszyny do mieszkania, czyli właśnie wielkie zespoły mieszkaniowe. Pierwszym blokiem wybudowanym według planów Le Corbusiera była oddana w 1952 r. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_d%E2%80%99habitation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unité d’habitation">Jednostka Mieszkaniowa</a> (<i>Unité d’Habitation</i>) w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marsylia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marsylia">Marsylii</a>. Miała 23 rodzaje mieszkań od jednopokojowych po wielkie, dwupoziomowe. W chwili oddania był to największy budynek świata, na 8 piętrze zlokalizowano dwukondygnacyjną ulicę handlową. Na dachu jest m.in. basen, plac zabaw dla dzieci, solarium i klub.</p> <p>Koncepcje Le Corbusiera trafiły na szczególnie podatny grunt w obozie komunistycznym. Potrzeba nowych mieszkań stale rosła. Bloki wydawały się więc rozwiązaniem idealnym. Budowano więc budynki wielopiętrowe i wieloklatkowe, wykonywane zazwyczaj w technice <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Technologia_wielkop%C5%82ytowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Technologia wielkopłytowa">wielkiej płyty</a>. Bloki stawiano w zespołach, czyli większych grupach i zwykle występujących w zabudowie rzędowej lub w swobodnej kompozycji.</p> <p>W Europie Wschodniej powstanie charakterystycznych, podobnych do siebie bloków mieszkalnych datuje się na lata 60., 70. i 80. XX wieku. Wówczas osiedla bloków przez lokalne władze traktowane były jako wizytówka nowoczesności. Bloki mieszkaniowe powstawały więc nie tylko w dużych miastach, gdzie ich obecność wydawała się uzasadniona, ale i w małych miasteczkach, a nawet wsiach burząc ład kompozycyjny okolicy.</p> <p>W wielu przypadkach wzm-y były budowane jako samodzielne <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto_satelickie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miasto satelickie">miasta-sypialnie</a> przy wielkich kompleksach przemysłowych lub jako przedmieścia dużych miast. Cechą wspólną takich „miast socjalistycznych” był podział na sektory zamieszkiwane przez kilka tysięcy osób oraz istnienie centralnego placu z gmachami użyteczności publicznej (siedziba władz miejskich, partii, centra kultury itp.) i przebiegającej przez niego „magistrali” – głównej ulicy handlowej i kręgosłupa komunikacyjnego przystosowanego do organizowania wielkich manifestacji.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Czasy_najnowsze">Czasy najnowsze</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Czasy najnowsze" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a,_Straconka.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a%2C_Straconka.jpg/220px-Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a%2C_Straconka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="520"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a%2C_Straconka.jpg/220px-Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a%2C_Straconka.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a%2C_Straconka.jpg/330px-Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a%2C_Straconka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a%2C_Straconka.jpg/440px-Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a%2C_Straconka.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Osiedle domów jednorodzinnych na przedmieściach </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:070802Kraaiennest1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/070802Kraaiennest1.jpg/220px-070802Kraaiennest1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/070802Kraaiennest1.jpg/220px-070802Kraaiennest1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/070802Kraaiennest1.jpg/330px-070802Kraaiennest1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/070802Kraaiennest1.jpg/440px-070802Kraaiennest1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Bijlmermeer dawniej.. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Pikoletstraat_nieuwbouw_Bijlmer.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pikoletstraat_nieuwbouw_Bijlmer.JPG/220px-Pikoletstraat_nieuwbouw_Bijlmer.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pikoletstraat_nieuwbouw_Bijlmer.JPG/220px-Pikoletstraat_nieuwbouw_Bijlmer.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pikoletstraat_nieuwbouw_Bijlmer.JPG/330px-Pikoletstraat_nieuwbouw_Bijlmer.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pikoletstraat_nieuwbouw_Bijlmer.JPG/440px-Pikoletstraat_nieuwbouw_Bijlmer.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> ... i obecnie </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urbanistyka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urbanistyka">Urbanistykę</a> modernistyczną odrzucono w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_Zachodnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa Zachodnia">Europie Zachodniej</a> w latach 80. Czasy współczesne, czyli okres <i>postmodernizmu</i> cechuje powrót do klasycznych definicji <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Przestrze%C5%84_publiczna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Przestrzeń publiczna">przestrzeni publicznej</a>, wnętrza ulicy i placu, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tkanka_miejska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tkanka miejska">tkanki miejskiej</a>. Przywołuje się wypróbowane historyczne wzorce, zakorzenione w kulturze europejskiej, modyfikując jednak ich znaczenie, przystosowując do ery samochodu. Dąży się do stworzenia przestrzeni przyjaznej człowiekowi, lecz jednocześnie do nierozdzielania funkcji dróg pieszych i kołowych.</p> <p>Przywraca się istniejącą w XIX w. rangę elewacjom i krawędziom przestrzeni, różnicując jej skalę, wprowadzając przewężenia, przejścia itp. Budynkom nadaje się indywidualny rys, nastawiając się jednak przede wszystkim na ich współudział w kreowaniu przestrzeni. Urbanistyka opiera się na grze przestrzeni pustych i tkanki miejskiej, które są wyraźnie rozgraniczone.</p> <p>Postmodernizm rehabilituje dawne i tradycyjne miasto, przeciwstawiając się modernistycznemu modelowi osiedla i zastępując go kwartałami i dzielnicami. Podkreśla się znaczenie mieszanej struktury miasta, negując większość postanowień Karty Ateńskiej. W zabudowie mieszkaniowej powszechnym modelem jest zabudowa obrzeżna, odgraniczająca wnętrze kwartału od publicznej ulicy.</p> <p>Zabudowę wielorodzinną realizuje się na dwa sposoby:</p> <ul> <li>domy szeregowe</li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blok_mieszkalny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blok mieszkalny">bloki</a>, jednak bardzo rzadko przekraczającą więcej niż kilka pięter i zazwyczaj położone wzdłuż ciągów komunikacyjnych, nawiązując tym samym do zabudowy pierzejowej.</li> </ul> <p>Najpowszechniejszym typem zabudowy jest jednak budownictwo jednorodzinne tworzące wokół miast rozległe <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Przedmie%C5%9Bcie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Przedmieście">przedmieścia</a>. Może to prowadzić do negatywnego zjawiska, jakim jest <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suburbanizacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suburbanizacja">suburbanizacja</a>.</p> <p>Odrzucenie modernizmu w rzadkich przypadkach doprowadziło nawet do burzenia osiedli modernistycznych i zastępowania ich dzielnicami postmodernistycznymi. Najsłynniejszym przykładem jest <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amsterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amsterdam">amsterdamska</a> dzielnica <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bijlmermeer&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bijlmermeer (strona nie istnieje)">Bijlmermeer</a> – wybudowany w latach 70. wielki zespół mieszkaniowy, który na pocz. XXI wieku został zlikwidowany poprzez wyburzenie 3/4 bloków (resztę pozostawiono jako „muzeum modernizmu Bijlmer”) i budowę na ich miejscu zabudowy pierzejowej, szeregowej i niskiej wolnostojącej oraz likwidację wszystkich autostrad i dróg szybkiego ruchu wraz ze skrzyżowaniami bezkolizyjnymi i zamienienie ich w zwykłe, jednopasmowe miejskie ulice i pasaże piesze.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Sytuacja_prawna">Sytuacja prawna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Sytuacja prawna" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Świat"><span id=".C5.9Awiat"></span>Świat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Świat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"> <i>Osobny artykuł: <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prawa_miejskie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prawa miejskie">Prawa miejskie</a>.</i> </div> <p>Systemy prawne i administracyjne wielu krajów podchodzą do kwestii nazewnictwa obszarów <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urbanizacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urbanizacja">zurbanizowanych</a> na różne sposoby. W poszczególnych państwach przyjmuje się różne kryteria uznawania osiedli za miasta<sup id="cite_ref-Dymek_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dymek-1">[1]</a></sup>. Rozróżnia się tu wielkościowe (statystyczne), prawno-administracyjne kryteria identyfikacji miast<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Polska">Polska</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Polska" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:POLSKA_Miasta.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/POLSKA_Miasta.png/260px-POLSKA_Miasta.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="241" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2041" data-file-height="1895"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 241px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/POLSKA_Miasta.png/260px-POLSKA_Miasta.png" data-width="260" data-height="241" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/POLSKA_Miasta.png/390px-POLSKA_Miasta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/POLSKA_Miasta.png/520px-POLSKA_Miasta.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Rozmieszczenie miast w Polsce (2014) </figcaption> </figure> <p>W Polsce przyjmuje się następującą definicję legalną: miasto to <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jednostka_osadnicza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jednostka osadnicza">jednostka osadnicza</a> o przewadze zwartej zabudowy i funkcjach nierolniczych posiadającą <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prawa_miejskie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prawa miejskie">prawa miejskie</a>, bądź status miasta nadany w trybie określonym przepisami<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>. Zgodnie z ustawą o samorządzie gminnym z 1990 o nadaniu lub zniesieniu statusu miasta decyduje <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rada_Ministr%C3%B3w_w_Polsce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rada Ministrów w Polsce">Rada Ministrów</a> w drodze rozporządzenia.</p> <p>Według ustawy aby miejscowość mogła otrzymać prawa miejskie, musi w niej być zameldowanych ponad 2000 osób, posiadać zabudowę miejską (nie zagrodową) oraz przynajmniej 2/3 mieszkańców musi być zatrudniona poza rolnictwem.</p> <p>W <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Podzia%C5%82_administracyjny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Podział administracyjny">podziale administracyjnym</a> miasta mają status samodzielnej <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gmina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gmina">gminy</a> (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gmina_miejska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gmina miejska">gmina miejska</a>) lub – zazwyczaj w przypadku mniejszych miast – wchodzą w skład <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gmina_miejsko-wiejska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gmina miejsko-wiejska">gminy miejsko-wiejskiej</a> jako <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jednostka_pomocnicza_gminy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jednostka pomocnicza gminy">jednostka pomocnicza</a> gminy miejsko-wiejskiej. Miasta będące samodzielną gminą mogą z kolei tworzyć jednostki pomocnicze: <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dzielnica_miasta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dzielnica miasta">dzielnice</a> lub <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osiedle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osiedle">osiedla</a>, a także <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/So%C5%82ectwo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sołectwo">sołectwa</a>. W Polsce miasta zarządzane są przez <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prezydent_miasta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prezydent miasta">prezydenta miasta</a> lub <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burmistrz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burmistrz">burmistrza</a>; w wypadku gminy miejsko-wiejskiej burmistrz jest także organem wykonawczym gminy miejsko-wiejskiej.</p> <p>66 miast w Polsce ma status <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto_na_prawach_powiatu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miasto na prawach powiatu">miasta na prawach powiatu</a>. Miasta te posiadają wszystkie funkcje i kompetencje przynależne <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Powiat_(Polska)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Powiat (Polska)">powiatom</a> i realizują zadania powiatów. Pozostają jednak gminami, dlatego zasady ich funkcjonowania określa ustawa o samorządzie gminnym, a zadania określa wiele innych ustaw, w tym ustawa o samorządzie powiatowym.</p> <p>W Polsce jest 107 miast, na których czele stoi <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prezydent_miasta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prezydent miasta">prezydent miasta</a> (historycznie to wszystkie miasta pozostałe po II wojnie światowej w Polsce, a wydzielone z otaczających je powiatów reformą samorządową z roku 1933 oraz miasta, w których prezydent miasta jest organem zarządzającym na mocy przepisów powojennych i reformy ustroju miast z lat 1973–1974). Największym miastem będącym samodzielną <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gmina_miejska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gmina miejska">gminą miejską</a> w Polsce, którym zarządza burmistrz, są 60-tysięczne <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarnowskie_G%C3%B3ry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarnowskie Góry">Tarnowskie Góry</a>, największym miastem w obrębie gminy miejsko-wiejskiej 46-tysięczna <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nysa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nysa">Nysa</a>, zaś najmniejszym miastem prezydenckim i zarazem najmniejszym ludnościowo <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto_na_prawach_powiatu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miasto na prawach powiatu">miastem na prawach powiatu</a> 38-tysięczny <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sopot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sopot">Sopot</a>.</p> <p>Według przywołanej ustawy miastem prezydenckim może być:</p> <ol> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto_na_prawach_powiatu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miasto na prawach powiatu">miasto na prawach powiatu</a>,</li> <li>miasto posiadające do roku 1997 status stolicy województwa lub,</li> <li>miasto liczące ponad 100 tysięcy mieszkańców,</li> <li>miasto posiadające taki status w okresie wcześniejszym.</li> </ol> <p>O zmianie granic miast, samodzielnie lub na wniosek zainteresowanych gmin decyduje <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rada_Ministr%C3%B3w_w_Polsce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rada Ministrów w Polsce">Rada Ministrów</a>. Zgodnie ze <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Schemat_aplikacyjny&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Schemat aplikacyjny (strona nie istnieje)">schematem aplikacyjnym</a> załączonym do rozporządzenia z dnia 21 lipca 2021 r. w sprawie <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ewidencja_miejscowo%C5%9Bci,_ulic_i_adres%C3%B3w&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ewidencja miejscowości, ulic i adresów (strona nie istnieje)">ewidencji miejscowości, ulic i adresów</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Procesy_związane_z_miastami"><span id="Procesy_zwi.C4.85zane_z_miastami"></span>Procesy związane z miastami</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Procesy związane z miastami" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"> <i>Osobne artykuły: <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urbanizacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urbanizacja">Urbanizacja</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suburbanizacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suburbanizacja">Suburbanizacja</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dezurbanizacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dezurbanizacja">Dezurbanizacja</a> i <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reurbanizacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reurbanizacja">Reurbanizacja</a>.</i> </div> <p><b>Urbanizacja</b> charakteryzuje się szybszym tempem wzrostu zaludnienia obszarów centralnych miasta aniżeli obszarów zewnętrznych. Liczba ludności całej aglomeracji wzrasta na skutek dodatniego przyrostu naturalnego i migracji ludności. Napływ ludności do miasta jest wysoki i związany jest ze wzrostem zatrudnienia, głównie w przemyśle.</p> <p><b>Suburbanizacja</b> charakteryzuje się szybszym przyrostem ludności na obszarach zewnętrznych aniżeli w centrum miasta. Przyrost naturalny na obszarach zewnętrznych jest wyższy, a niektóre centralne obszary wykazują przyrost ujemny. Okres ten jest okresem rozwoju aglomeracji. Główne miasto traci na znaczeniu i zaczyna chylić się ku upadkowi. O zmianie ludności w dalszym ciągu decydują migracje, zatrudnienie ogółem wzrasta, ale w niektórych centralnych dzielnicach zaczyna występować spadek tej wielkości. Podstawowa rola i zatrudnienie w sferze usług.</p> <p><b>Dezurbanizacja</b> charakteryzuje się spadkiem liczby ludności na obszarze centralnym, a następnie również i zewnętrznym. Spadek ten powoduje zmniejszanie się aglomeracji jako całości, tempo migracji ludności z obszarów węzłowych (centralnych) na obszary zewnętrzne i do mniejszych miast przewyższa jej przyrost na obszarach zewnętrznych aglomeracji. W fazie tej funkcje centrów miast ulegają bardzo silnej erozji. Funkcja mieszkaniowa zanika, działalność usługowa nastawiona na zaspokojenie potrzeb ludności też się zmniejsza, funkcja administracyjna i zatrudnienie wzrastają, infrastruktura przeznaczona dla transportu zajmuje coraz większe obszary, co koliduje z funkcją mieszkaniową. Funkcje społeczne i kulturalne spełniane przez centra miast ulegają zmniejszeniu.</p> <p><b>Reurbanizacja</b> występuje wówczas, gdy udział ludności obszaru centralnego w ogólnej liczbie ludności rośnie początkowo na skutek zahamowania tempa ubytku, a następnie wzrostu ludności tego obszaru. W procesie odradzania się miasta przeważają siły dośrodkowe, w przeciwieństwie do fazy dezurbanizacji, w której dominowały siły odśrodkowe.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Funkcje_miast">Funkcje miast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Funkcje miast" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>Rozróżnia się funkcje egzogeniczne i funkcje endogeniczne miasta. Funkcje endogeniczne to funkcje miasta skierowane do wewnątrz (administracja miejska, część handlu). Funkcje egzogeniczne to funkcje skierowane na zewnątrz miasta (przemysł, turystyka, handel morski itp.).</p> <p>Funkcje egzogeniczne dzielą się na:</p> <ul> <li>funkcje centralne – usługi, handel i drobna wytwórczość skierowane do ściśle określonego, zdefiniowanego i na ogół leżącego wokół miasta zaplecza (por. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teoria_o%C5%9Brodk%C3%B3w_centralnych?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teoria ośrodków centralnych">teoria Christallera</a>),</li> <li>funkcje wyspecjalizowane – funkcje o zasięgu zmiennym, często trudnym do zdefiniowania, niehierarchicznym: działalność przemysłu, turystyka itp.</li> <li>funkcje mieszane – oba wspomniane typy nakładają się na siebie.</li> </ul> <p>Układy lokalizacyjne miast według funkcji miasta:</p> <ul> <li>układ ośrodków centralnych (<i>central places</i>),</li> <li>układ ośrodków wyspecjalizowanych (<i>specialized cities</i>),</li> <li>układ systemów sieci (<i>network system</i>),</li> <li>układ miast – wrót (<i>gateway cities</i>).</li> </ul> <p>Funkcje miast zależą od przeważającej funkcji i infrastruktury z tym związanej. Wyróżnia się miasta o funkcji:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Przemys%C5%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Przemysł">przemysłowej</a> – gdzie większość ludzi znajduje zatrudnienie w przemyśle, obojętnie czy jest to przemysł ciężki, lekki, górniczy czy chemiczny (np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katowice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katowice">Katowice</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Police?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Police">Police</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pu%C5%82awy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puławy">Puławy</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kutno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kutno">Kutno</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mioveni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mioveni">Mioveni</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pilzno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pilzno">Pilzno</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transport">transportowej</a> – tutaj wyróżnia się kilka podkategorii, jest to także kategoria, która nigdy nie występuje samodzielnie, miasto o tej funkcji spełnia co najmniej jeszcze jedną: <ul> <li>transportowa lotnicza – w mieście znajduje się co najmniej małe lotnisko międzynarodowe (np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warszawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warszawa">Warszawa</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Goleni%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Goleniów">Goleniów</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nowy_Dw%C3%B3r_Mazowiecki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki">Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bazylea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bazylea">Bazylea</a>-<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miluza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miluza">Miluza</a>-<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fryburg_Bryzgowijski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fryburg Bryzgowijski">Fryburg Bryzgowijski</a>)</li> <li>transportowa portowa – miasto posiada <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_wodny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port wodny">port</a> żeglugi (np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szczecin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gdynia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kołobrzeg">Kołobrzeg</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ystad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ystad">Ystad</a>)</li> <li>transportowa kolejowa – każde miasto posiadające dworzec kolejowy o większym znaczeniu (np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koluszki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koluszki">Koluszki</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bia%C5%82ogard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Białogard">Białogard</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pozna%C5%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rzepin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rzepin">Rzepin</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lubeka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lubeka">Lubeka</a>)</li> </ul></li> <li>usługowej – miasto z przeważającą liczbą sklepów, marketów, szpitali, przedszkoli, lekarzy itp. (np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Łódź">Łódź</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szczecin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religia">religijnej</a> – miejsce kultu religijnego (np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Częstochowa">Częstochowa</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mekka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mekka">Mekka</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rzym?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rzym">Rzym</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uzdrowisko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uzdrowisko">uzdrowiskowej</a> (np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ciechocinek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ciechocinek">Ciechocinek</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Na%C5%82%C4%99cz%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nałęczów">Nałęczów</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Busko-Zdr%C3%B3j?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Busko-Zdrój">Busko-Zdrój</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uniej%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uniejów">Uniejów</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C5%82czyn-Zdr%C3%B3j?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Połczyn-Zdrój">Połczyn-Zdrój</a>).</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Miasto_stołeczne"><span id="Miasto_sto.C5.82eczne"></span>Miasto stołeczne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Miasto stołeczne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stolica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stolica">Miasto stołeczne</a> to nazwa zarezerwowana dla <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stolica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stolica">stolicy</a> kraju, jest ona również stosowana w nazwach miast pełniących niegdyś tę funkcję (np. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>), albo miast posiadających formalnie, <i>de iure</i> status stołeczny, lecz <i>de facto</i> niewypełniających w praktyce administracyjnych funkcji stolicy. W wielu przypadkach miasta stołeczne posiadają odrębny status administracyjny, często są <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto_wydzielone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miasto wydzielone">wydzielone</a> z <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Podzia%C5%82_administracyjny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Podział administracyjny">podziału administracyjnego</a> państwa na specjalnych warunkach.</p> <p><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warszawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warszawa">Warszawa</a> posiadała specjalny status administracyjny w latach 1946–1975, i jako jedno z kilku miast w Polsce (stanowiła wówczas miasto wydzielone, tzw. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wojew%C3%B3dztwo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Województwo">województwo</a> miejskie). Obecnie ustrój Warszawy reguluje ustawa „Ustrój miasta stołecznego Warszawy” nadając stolicy dodatkowe podziały administracyjne i kompetencje organów (Rady dzielnic).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Największe_miasta_świata_według_liczby_ludności_w_roku_2006"><span id="Najwi.C4.99ksze_miasta_.C5.9Bwiata_wed.C5.82ug_liczby_ludno.C5.9Bci_w_roku_2006"></span>Największe miasta świata według liczby ludności w roku 2006</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Największe miasta świata według liczby ludności w roku 2006" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="metadata plainlinks mbox mbox-merge" tabindex="0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r75358068">.mw-parser-output .mbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-left:10px solid var(--color-progressive,#36c);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 10%0.5em 10%;display:grid;padding:.3em;gap:.3em;grid-template-columns:60px 1fr;align-items:center;word-break:break-word}.mw-parser-output .mbox.with-iconright{grid-template-columns:60px 1fr min-content}.mw-parser-output .mbox.without-icon{grid-template-columns:1fr}.mw-parser-output .mbox-iconright,.mw-parser-output .mbox-icon{justify-self:center}.mw-parser-output .mbox-icon img{max-width:100%;object-fit:contain}.mw-parser-output .mbox p{font-size:inherit}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mbox{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}@media(max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .mbox{width:100%}}@media(max-width:450px){.mw-parser-output .mbox-iconright{grid-row:2;grid-column:1/span 2;justify-self:end}.mw-parser-output .mbox.with-iconright{grid-template-columns:40px 1fr}.mw-parser-output .mbox{grid-template-columns:40px 1fr;font-size:0.85rem}}.mw-parser-output .mbox+.mbox{margin-top:calc(-0.5em + 2px)}.mw-parser-output .mbox.mbox-serious{border-left-color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .mbox.mbox-content{border-left-color:#f28500}.mw-parser-output .mbox.mbox-notice{border-left-color:var(--color-progressive,#36c)}.mw-parser-output .mbox.mbox-merge{border-left-color:#9932cc}body.ns-6 .mw-parser-output .mbox{width:unset;max-width:unset}</style> <div class="mbox-icon"> <div> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Splitsection.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Splitsection.svg/40px-Splitsection.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="20"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Splitsection.svg/40px-Splitsection.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Splitsection.svg/60px-Splitsection.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Splitsection.svg/80px-Splitsection.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="mbox-text"> Zasugerowano, aby ta sekcja została <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Wydzielanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Wydzielanie"><b>przeniesiona</b></a> do artykułu <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_100_najwi%C4%99kszych_miast_%C5%9Bwiata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista 100 największych miast świata">Lista 100 największych miast świata</a>. (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dyskusja:Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dyskusja:Miasto">dyskusja</a>) </div> </div> <div style="overflow-x:auto;"> <div class="thumb center panel-with-scroll"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:1402px"> <div style="border:1px solid #ccc;width:1400px !important"> <div style="margin:0 auto;width:1400px"> <div style="width:1400px;padding:0;border:0 solid #aaa;position:relative"> <span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mapa lokalizacyjna świata"> <noscript> <img alt="Mapa konturowa świata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/World_location_map.svg/1400px-World_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1400" height="700" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1400px;height: 700px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/World_location_map.svg/1400px-World_location_map.svg.png" data-alt="Mapa konturowa świata" data-width="1400" data-height="700" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/World_location_map.svg/2100px-World_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/World_location_map.svg/2800px-World_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:39.425154320988%;left:70.23549382716%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-13.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:27px;font-size:27px;left:-13.5px;width:27px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D19.034722222222_N_72.847777777778_E_" title="Mumbaj"> <noscript> <img alt="Mumbaj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/27px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/27px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Mumbaj" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/41px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/54px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:15.5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Mumbaj</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:32.648148148148%;left:83.740740740741%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-13px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:26px;font-size:26px;left:-13px;width:26px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D31.233333333333_N_121.46666666667_E_" title="Szanghaj"> <noscript> <img alt="Szanghaj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/26px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 26px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/26px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Szanghaj" data-width="26" data-height="26" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/39px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/52px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:15px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Szanghaj</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:36.193518518519%;left:68.61612654321%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-12.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:25px;font-size:25px;left:-12.5px;width:25px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D24.851666666667_N_67.018055555556_E_" title="Karaczi"> <noscript> <img alt="Karaczi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/25px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 25px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/25px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Karaczi" data-width="25" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/38px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/50px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:14.5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Karaczi</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:34.074074074074%;left:71.449074074074%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-12px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:24px;font-size:24px;left:-12px;width:24px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D28.666666666667_N_77.216666666667_E_" title="N.Delhi"> <noscript> <img alt="N.Delhi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="N.Delhi" data-width="24" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/36px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/48px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:10em;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;float:center;text-align:center;left:-5em;bottom:8px"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">N.Delhi</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:27.222222222222%;left:58.055555555556%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-11px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:22px;font-size:22px;left:-11px;width:22px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D41_N_29_E_" title="Stambuł"> <noscript> <img alt="Stambuł" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/22px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/22px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Stambuł" data-width="22" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/33px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/44px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:13px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Stambuł</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:63.055555555556%;left:37.050925925926%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-10.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:21px;font-size:21px;left:-10.5px;width:21px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D23.5_S_46.616666666667_W_" title="São Paulo"> <noscript> <img alt="São Paulo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/21px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/21px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="São Paulo" data-width="21" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/32px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/42px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:12.5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">São Paulo</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:19.027777777778%;left:60.449074074074%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-10px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:20px;font-size:20px;left:-10px;width:20px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D55.75_N_37.616666666667_E_" title="Moskwa"> <noscript> <img alt="Moskwa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Moskwa" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/30px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/40px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:12px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Moskwa</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:29.138888888889%;left:85.273148148148%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-10px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:20px;font-size:20px;left:-10px;width:20px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D37.55_N_126.98333333333_E_" title="Seul"> <noscript> <img alt="Seul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Seul" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/30px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/40px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:10em;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;float:center;text-align:center;left:-5em;bottom:7px"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Seul</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:27.833333333333%;left:82.328703703704%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-10px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:20px;font-size:20px;left:-10px;width:20px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D39.9_N_116.38333333333_E_" title="Pekin"> <noscript> <img alt="Pekin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Pekin" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/30px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/40px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:12px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Pekin</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:39.212962962963%;left:22.462962962963%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-8.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:17px;font-size:17px;left:-8.5px;width:17px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D19.416666666667_N_99.133333333333_W_" title="Meksyk"> <noscript> <img alt="Meksyk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/17px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/17px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Meksyk" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/26px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/34px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:10.5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Meksyk</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:30.175925925926%;left:88.819444444444%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-8.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:17px;font-size:17px;left:-8.5px;width:17px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D35.683333333333_N_139.75_E_" title="Tokio"> <noscript> <img alt="Tokio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/17px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/17px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Tokio" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/26px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/34px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:10.5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Tokio</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:53.425925925926%;left:79.675925925926%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-8px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:16px;font-size:16px;left:-8px;width:16px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D6.1666666666667_S_106.83333333333_E_" title="Dżakarta"> <noscript> <img alt="Dżakarta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Dżakarta" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/32px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:10px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Dżakarta</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:27.388888888889%;left:29.444444444444%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-8px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:16px;font-size:16px;left:-8px;width:16px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D40.7_N_74_W_" title="Nowy Jork"> <noscript> <img alt="Nowy Jork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Nowy Jork" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/32px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:10px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Nowy Jork</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:46.416666666667%;left:50.944444444444%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-7.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:15px;font-size:15px;left:-7.5px;width:15px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D6.45_N_3.4_E_" title="Lagos"> <noscript> <img alt="Lagos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Lagos" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/23px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/30px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:9.5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Lagos</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:52.398148148148%;left:54.25%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-7.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:15px;font-size:15px;left:-7.5px;width:15px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D4.3166666666667_S_15.3_E_" title="Kinszasa"> <noscript> <img alt="Kinszasa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Kinszasa" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/23px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/30px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:9.5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Kinszasa</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:30.166666666667%;left:64.282407407407%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-7.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:15px;font-size:15px;left:-7.5px;width:15px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D35.7_N_51.416666666667_E_" title="Teheran"> <noscript> <img alt="Teheran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Teheran" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/23px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/30px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:10em;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;float:center;text-align:center;left:-5em;bottom:5.75px"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Teheran</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:56.685185185185%;left:28.606481481481%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-7.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:15px;font-size:15px;left:-7.5px;width:15px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D12.033333333333_S_77.016666666667_W_" title="Lima"> <noscript> <img alt="Lima" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Lima" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/23px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/30px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:9.5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Lima</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:21.388888888889%;left:50.032407407407%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-7.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:15px;font-size:15px;left:-7.5px;width:15px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D51.5_N_0.11666666666667_E_" title="Londyn"> <noscript> <img alt="Londyn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Londyn" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/23px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/30px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:9.5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Londyn</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:47.453703703704%;left:29.425925925926%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-7px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:14px;font-size:14px;left:-7px;width:14px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D4.5833333333333_N_74.066666666667_W_" title="Bogota"> <noscript> <img alt="Bogota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Bogota" data-width="14" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/21px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/28px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:9px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Bogota</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:37.592592592593%;left:81.722222222222%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-6.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:13px;font-size:13px;left:-6.5px;width:13px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D22.333333333333_N_114.2_E_" title="Hongkong"> <noscript> <img alt="Hongkong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/13px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/13px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Hongkong" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/26px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:8.5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Hongkong</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:42.453703703704%;left:77.921296296296%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-6.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:13px;font-size:13px;left:-6.5px;width:13px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D13.583333333333_N_100.51666666667_E_" title="Bangkok"> <noscript> <img alt="Bangkok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/13px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/13px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Bangkok" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/26px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:10em;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;float:center;text-align:center;left:-5em;bottom:5.25px"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px"><br><br> Bangkok</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:33.305555555556%;left:58.675925925926%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-6.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:13px;font-size:13px;left:-6.5px;width:13px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D30.05_N_31.233333333333_E_" title="Kair"> <noscript> <img alt="Kair" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/13px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/13px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Kair" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/26px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:8.5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Kair</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:36.814814814815%;left:75.106481481481%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-6.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:13px;font-size:13px;left:-6.5px;width:13px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D23.733333333333_N_90.383333333333_E_" title="Dhaka"> <noscript> <img alt="Dhaka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/13px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/13px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Dhaka" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/26px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:8.5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Dhaka</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:44.027777777778%;left:79.62962962963%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-6.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:13px;font-size:13px;left:-6.5px;width:13px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D10.75_N_106.66666666667_E_" title="Ho Chi Minh"> <noscript> <img alt="Ho Chi Minh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/13px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/13px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Ho Chi Minh" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/26px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:8.5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Ho Chi Minh</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:32.444444444444%;left:70.638888888889%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-6px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:12px;font-size:12px;left:-6px;width:12px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D31.6_N_74.3_E_" title="Lahaur"> <noscript> <img alt="Lahaur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Lahaur" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:8px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Lahaur</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:62.722222222222%;left:38%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-6px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:12px;font-size:12px;left:-6px;width:12px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D22.9_S_43.2_W_" title="Rio de Janeiro"> <noscript> <img alt="Rio de Janeiro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Rio de Janeiro" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:8px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Rio de Janeiro</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:28.259259259259%;left:82.550925925926%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-5.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:11px;font-size:11px;left:-5.5px;width:11px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D39.133333333333_N_117.18333333333_E_" title="Tiencin"> <noscript> <img alt="Tiencin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Tiencin" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/17px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/22px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:10em;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;float:center;text-align:center;left:-5em;bottom:4.75px"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px"><br><br> Tiencin</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:31.481481481481%;left:62.328703703704%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:10px;font-size:10px;left:-5px;width:10px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D33.333333333333_N_44.383333333333_E_" title="Bagdad"> <noscript> <img alt="Bagdad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Bagdad" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:7px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Bagdad</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:42.990740740741%;left:71.648148148148%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:10px;font-size:10px;left:-5px;width:10px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D12.616666666667_N_77.933333333333_E_" title="Bangalore"> <noscript> <img alt="Bangalore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Bangalore" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:7px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px"><br> Bangalore</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:37.462962962963%;left:74.546296296296%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:10px;font-size:10px;left:-5px;width:10px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D22.566666666667_N_88.366666666667_E_" title="Kalkuta"> <noscript> <img alt="Kalkuta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Kalkuta" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:7px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Kalkuta</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:68.592592592593%;left:30.37037037037%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-4.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:9px;font-size:9px;left:-4.5px;width:9px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D33.466666666667_S_70.666666666667_W_" title="Santiago"> <noscript> <img alt="Santiago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 9px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Santiago" data-width="9" data-height="9" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:6.5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Santiago</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:49.240740740741%;left:78.833333333333%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-4.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:9px;font-size:9px;left:-4.5px;width:9px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D1.3666666666667_N_103.8_E_" title="Singapur"> <noscript> <img alt="Singapur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 9px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Singapur" data-width="9" data-height="9" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:6.5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Singapur</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:37.166666666667%;left:81.462962962963%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-4.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:9px;font-size:9px;left:-4.5px;width:9px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D23.1_N_113.26666666667_E_" title="Kanton"> <noscript> <img alt="Kanton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 9px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Kanton" data-width="9" data-height="9" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:6.5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Kanton</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:16.703703703704%;left:58.407407407407%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-4.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:9px;font-size:9px;left:-4.5px;width:9px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D59.933333333333_N_30.266666666667_E_" title="Petersburg"> <noscript> <img alt="Petersburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 9px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Petersburg" data-width="9" data-height="9" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:6.5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Petersburg</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:33.027777777778%;left:81.74537037037%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-4.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:9px;font-size:9px;left:-4.5px;width:9px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D30.55_N_114.28333333333_E_" title="Wuhan"> <noscript> <img alt="Wuhan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 9px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Wuhan" data-width="9" data-height="9" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:6.5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Wuhan</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:42.731481481481%;left:72.300925925926%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-4.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:9px;font-size:9px;left:-4.5px;width:9px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D13.083333333333_N_80.283333333333_E_" title="Ćennaj"> <noscript> <img alt="Ćennaj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 9px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Ćennaj" data-width="9" data-height="9" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:6.5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Ćennaj</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:36.277777777778%;left:62.976851851852%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-4px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:8px;font-size:8px;left:-4px;width:8px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D24.7_N_46.716666666667_E_" title="Rijad"> <noscript> <img alt="Rijad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 8px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Rijad" data-width="8" data-height="8" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:6px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Rijad</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:38.240740740741%;left:70.231481481481%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-4px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:8px;font-size:8px;left:-4px;width:8px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D21.166666666667_N_72.833333333333_E_" title="S."> <noscript> <img alt="S." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 8px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="S." data-width="8" data-height="8" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:6px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">S.</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:32.666666666667%;left:58.310185185185%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-4px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:8px;font-size:8px;left:-4px;width:8px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D31.2_N_29.916666666667_E_" title="Aleksandria"> <noscript> <img alt="Aleksandria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 8px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Aleksandria" data-width="8" data-height="8" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:6px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Aleksandria</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:40.666666666667%;left:76.708333333333%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-4px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:8px;font-size:8px;left:-4px;width:8px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D16.8_N_96.15_E_" title="Rangun"> <noscript> <img alt="Rangun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 8px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Rangun" data-width="8" data-height="8" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:6px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Rangun</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:40.351851851852%;left:71.796296296296%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-4px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:8px;font-size:8px;left:-4px;width:8px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D17.366666666667_N_78.466666666667_E_" title="Hajdarabad"> <noscript> <img alt="Hajdarabad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 8px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Hajdarabad" data-width="8" data-height="8" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:6px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Hajdarabad</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:26.814814814815%;left:84.412037037037%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:7px;font-size:7px;left:-3.5px;width:7px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D41.733333333333_N_123.88333333333_E_" title="Shenyang"> <noscript> <img alt="Shenyang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 7px;height: 7px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Shenyang" data-width="7" data-height="7" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:5.5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Shenyang</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:37.203703703704%;left:70.171296296296%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:7px;font-size:7px;left:-3.5px;width:7px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D23.033333333333_N_72.616666666667_E_" title="A."> <noscript> <img alt="A." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 7px;height: 7px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="A." data-width="7" data-height="7" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:10em;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;float:center;text-align:center;left:-5em;bottom:3.75px"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px"><br> A.</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:27.805555555556%;left:59.125%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:7px;font-size:7px;left:-3.5px;width:7px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D39.95_N_32.85_E_" title="Ankara"> <noscript> <img alt="Ankara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 7px;height: 7px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Ankara" data-width="7" data-height="7" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:5.5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Ankara</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:64.518518518519%;left:57.75%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:7px;font-size:7px;left:-3.5px;width:7px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D26.133333333333_S_27.9_E_" title="Johannesburg"> <noscript> <img alt="Johannesburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 7px;height: 7px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Johannesburg" data-width="7" data-height="7" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:5.5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Johannesburg</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:31.083333333333%;left:17.157407407407%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:7px;font-size:7px;left:-3.5px;width:7px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D34.05_N_118.23333333333_W_" title="Los Angeles"> <noscript> <img alt="Los Angeles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 7px;height: 7px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Los Angeles" data-width="7" data-height="7" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:5.5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Los Angeles</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:47.037037037037%;left:48.87962962963%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:7px;font-size:7px;left:-3.5px;width:7px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D5.3333333333333_N_4.0333333333333_W_" title="Abidżan"> <noscript> <img alt="Abidżan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 7px;height: 7px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Abidżan" data-width="7" data-height="7" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:5.5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Abidżan</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:30.314814814815%;left:88.787037037037%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:7px;font-size:7px;left:-3.5px;width:7px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D35.433333333333_N_139.63333333333_E_" title="Jokohama"> <noscript> <img alt="Jokohama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 7px;height: 7px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Jokohama" data-width="7" data-height="7" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:5.5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Jokohama</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:30.5%;left:85.842592592593%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3.5px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:7px;font-size:7px;left:-3.5px;width:7px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D35.1_N_129.03333333333_E_" title="Pusan"> <noscript> <img alt="Pusan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 7px;height: 7px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Pusan" data-width="7" data-height="7" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:10em;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;float:center;text-align:center;left:-5em;bottom:3.75px"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px"><br><br> Pusan</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:68.87962962963%;left:55.115740740741%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:6px;font-size:6px;left:-3px;width:6px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D33.983333333333_S_18.416666666667_E_" title="Kapsztad"> <noscript> <img alt="Kapsztad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 6px;height: 6px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Kapsztad" data-width="6" data-height="6" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Kapsztad</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:66.601851851852%;left:58.625%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:6px;font-size:6px;left:-3px;width:6px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D29.883333333333_S_31.05_E_" title="Durban"> <noscript> <img alt="Durban" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 6px;height: 6px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Durban" data-width="6" data-height="6" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Durban</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:20.824074074074%;left:53.722222222222%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:6px;font-size:6px;left:-3px;width:6px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D52.516666666667_N_13.4_E_" title="Berlin"> <noscript> <img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 6px;height: 6px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Berlin" data-width="6" data-height="6" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Berlin</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:39.703703703704%;left:70.236111111111%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:6px;font-size:6px;left:-3px;width:6px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D18.533333333333_N_72.85_E_" title="Pune"> <noscript> <img alt="Pune" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 6px;height: 6px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Pune" data-width="6" data-height="6" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Pune</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:28.324074074074%;left:84.930555555556%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:6px;font-size:6px;left:-3px;width:6px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D39.016666666667_N_125.75_E_" title="Pjongjang"> <noscript> <img alt="Pjongjang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 6px;height: 6px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Pjongjang" data-width="6" data-height="6" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Pjongjang</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:27.564814814815%;left:48.976851851852%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:6px;font-size:6px;left:-3px;width:6px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D40.383333333333_N_3.6833333333333_W_" title="Madryt"> <noscript> <img alt="Madryt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 6px;height: 6px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Madryt" data-width="6" data-height="6" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Madryt</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:35.305555555556%;left:72.314814814815%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:6px;font-size:6px;left:-3px;width:6px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D26.45_N_80.333333333333_E_" title="Kanpur"> <noscript> <img alt="Kanpur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 6px;height: 6px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Kanpur" data-width="6" data-height="6" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:10em;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;float:center;text-align:center;left:-5em;bottom:3.5px"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px"><br><br> Kanpur</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:35.046296296296%;left:71.055555555556%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:6px;font-size:6px;left:-3px;width:6px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D26.916666666667_N_75.8_E_" title="Jaipur"> <noscript> <img alt="Jaipur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 6px;height: 6px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Jaipur" data-width="6" data-height="6" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;right:5px;text-align:right;float:right"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Jaipur</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:69.222222222222%;left:33.782407407407%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:6px;font-size:6px;left:-3px;width:6px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D34.6_S_58.383333333333_W_" title="Buenos Aires"> <noscript> <img alt="Buenos Aires" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 6px;height: 6px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Buenos Aires" data-width="6" data-height="6" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Buenos Aires</span> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" style="top:50.703703703704%;left:60.217592592593%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"> <div style="top:-3px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:6px;font-size:6px;left:-3px;width:6px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Dpl%26params%3D1.2666666666667_S_36.783333333333_E_" title="Nairobi"> <noscript> <img alt="Nairobi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 6px;height: 6px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Nairobi" data-width="6" data-height="6" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:5px;text-align:left"> <span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Nairobi</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikiprojekt:Szablony_lokalizacyjne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikiprojekt:Szablony lokalizacyjne"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/16px-Geographylogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/16px-Geographylogo.svg.png" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/24px-Geographylogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/32px-Geographylogo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div>60 największych miast świata; skróty: A. – Ahmadabad, S. – Surat </div> </div> </div> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Numer</th> <th>Nazwa miasta</th> <th>Populacja</th> <th>Objaśnienie<sup id="cite_ref-uwaga1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-uwaga1-6">[a]</a></sup></th> <th>Państwo</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szanghaj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szanghaj">Szanghaj</a></td> <td>23.019.148<sup id="cite_ref-stats-sh-2007tjnje-e0303_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-stats-sh-2007tjnje-e0303-7">[6]</a></sup></td> <td>Rdzenne dzielnice i położone w pobliżu centrum<sup id="cite_ref-uwaga2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-uwaga2-8">[b]</a></sup></td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chi%C5%84ska_Republika_Ludowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chińska Republika Ludowa">Chiny</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mumbaj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mumbaj">Mumbaj</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">013922125</span>13.922.125<sup id="cite_ref-WG_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WG-9">[7]</a></sup></td> <td>Miasto właściwe</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indie">Indie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tokio">Tokio</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">008731000</span>13.161.751<sup id="cite_ref-StatJapMonthlyCityTokyo_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-StatJapMonthlyCityTokyo-10">[8]</a></sup></td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okr%C4%99gi_specjalne_w_Tokio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Okręgi specjalne w Tokio">23 okręgi specjalne</a></td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japonia">Japonia</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karaczi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karaczi">Karaczi</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">012991000</span>12.991.000<sup id="cite_ref-SindhDistrictPop2008_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SindhDistrictPop2008-11">[9]</a></sup></td> <td>Dzielnice miejskie</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pakistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">012259230</span>12.259.230<sup id="cite_ref-WG_9-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WG-9">[7]</a></sup></td> <td>Własność miasta</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indie">Indie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stambu%C5%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stambuł">Stambuł</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">011289613</span>11.289.613<sup id="cite_ref-turkey_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-turkey-12">[10]</a></sup></td> <td>Miasto</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turcja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turcja">Turcja</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nowy_Jork?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nowy Jork">Nowy Jork</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">011125000</span>11.125.000<sup id="cite_ref-IBGEEstPop_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IBGEEstPop-13">[11]</a></sup></td> <td>Miasto</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskwa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskwa">Moskwa</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">010452000</span>10.452.000<sup id="cite_ref-UN_14-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UN-14">[12]</a></sup></td> <td>Własność miasta + <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zielenograd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zielenograd">Zelenograd</a></td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rosja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rosja">Rosja</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seul">Seul</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">010421782</span>10.421.782<sup class="noprint" title="Te informacje wymagają podania przypisów bibliograficznych od 2021-12">[<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pomoc:Przypisy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pomoc:Przypisy">potrzebny przypis</a>]</sup></td> <td>Miasto specjalne</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korea_Po%C5%82udniowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korea Południowa">Korea Południowa</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pekin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pekin">Pekin</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">010123000</span>10.123.000<sup id="cite_ref-BeiStatYear2006pop_15-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BeiStatYear2006pop-15">[13]</a></sup></td> <td>Rdzenne dzielnice i położone w pobliżu centrum<sup id="cite_ref-uwaga2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-uwaga2-8">[b]</a></sup></td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chi%C5%84ska_Republika_Ludowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chińska Republika Ludowa">Chiny</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meksyk_(miasto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meksyk (miasto)">Meksyk</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">008836045</span>8.836.045<sup id="cite_ref-CONAPOProy_16-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CONAPOProy-16">[14]</a></sup></td> <td>Dystrykt federalny</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meksyk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meksyk">Meksyk</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C5%BCakarta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dżakarta">Dżakarta</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">008489910</span>8.489.910<sup id="cite_ref-DKCS_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DKCS-17">[15]</a></sup></td> <td>Dystrykt stołeczny</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indonezja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indonezja">Indonezja</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">008310212</span>8.310.212<sup id="cite_ref-Accepted_Challenges_to_Vintage_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Accepted_Challenges_to_Vintage-18">[16]</a></sup></td> <td>Właściwe miasto</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brazylia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brazylia">Brazylia</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lagos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">007937932</span>7.937.932<sup id="cite_ref-Metropolitan_Lagos_population_19-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Metropolitan_Lagos_population-19">[17]</a></sup></td> <td>Zasięg objęty statystyką</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nigeria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kinszasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kinszasa">Kinszasa</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">007843000</span>7.843.000<sup id="cite_ref-UN_14-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UN-14">[12]</a></sup></td> <td>Miasto-prowincja</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demokratyczna_Republika_Konga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demokratyczna Republika Konga">Demokratyczna Republika Konga</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teheran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teheran">Teheran</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">007797520</span>7.797.520<sup id="cite_ref-sci-infofile-tehran_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sci-infofile-tehran-20">[18]</a></sup></td> <td>Właściwe miasto</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lima?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lima">Lima</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">007605742</span>7.605.742<sup id="cite_ref-censos.inei.gob_21-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-censos.inei.gob-21">[19]</a></sup></td> <td>Prowincja<sup id="cite_ref-uwaga3_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-uwaga3-22">[c]</a></sup></td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peru">Peru</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londyn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londyn">Londyn</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">007556900</span>7.556.900<sup id="cite_ref-neighbourhood.statistics_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-neighbourhood.statistics-23">[20]</a></sup></td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wielki_Londyn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wielki Londyn">Wielki Londyn</a><sup id="cite_ref-uwaga4_24-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-uwaga4-24">[d]</a></sup></td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wielka_Brytania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wielka Brytania">Wielka Brytania</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bogota?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bogota">Bogota</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">007155052</span>7.155.052<sup id="cite_ref-DANEproj20052009_25-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DANEproj20052009-25">[21]</a></sup></td> <td>Dystrykt stołeczny</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolumbia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolumbia">Kolumbia</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hongkong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hongkong">Hongkong</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">006985200</span>6.985.200<sup id="cite_ref-HongKongMid2008_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HongKongMid2008-26">[22]</a></sup></td> <td>Specjalny okręg administracyjny</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chi%C5%84ska_Republika_Ludowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chińska Republika Ludowa">Chiny</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bangkok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">006972000</span>6.972.000<sup id="cite_ref-ThaiKeyStat2007_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ThaiKeyStat2007-27">[23]</a></sup></td> <td>Okręg administracyjny</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tajlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tajlandia">Tajlandia</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kair?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kair">Kair</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">006758581</span>6.758.581<sup id="cite_ref-Capmas2006_28-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Capmas2006-28">[24]</a></sup></td> <td>Gubernatorstwo</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egipt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egipt">Egipt</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dhaka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">006737774</span>6.737.774<sup id="cite_ref-BangladeshStatPock2007_29-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BangladeshStatPock2007-29">[25]</a></sup></td> <td>Aglomeracja</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bangladesz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bangladesz">Bangladesz</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_(miasto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ho Chi Minh (miasto)">Ho Chi Minh</a> (Sajgon)</td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">006650942</span>6.650.942<sup id="cite_ref-Statistical_office_in_Ho_Chi_Minh_City_30-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Statistical_office_in_Ho_Chi_Minh_City-30">[26]</a></sup></td> <td>Miasto wydzielone</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wietnam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wietnam">Wietnam</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lahaur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lahaur">Lahaur</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">006318745</span>6.318.745<sup id="cite_ref-GeoHivePunjabLahore_31-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GeoHivePunjabLahore-31">[27]</a></sup></td> <td>Okręg miejski</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pakistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">006161047</span>6.161.047<sup id="cite_ref-IBGEEstPop_13-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IBGEEstPop-13">[11]</a></sup></td> <td>Miasto</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brazylia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brazylia">Brazylia</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiencin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tiencin">Tiencin</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">005800000</span>5.800.000<sup id="cite_ref-stats-tj-200612-5376_32-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-stats-tj-200612-5376-32">[28]</a></sup></td> <td>Rdzenne miasto i dzielnice w pobliżu centrum<sup id="cite_ref-uwaga2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-uwaga2-8">[b]</a></sup></td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chi%C5%84ska_Republika_Ludowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chińska Republika Ludowa">Chiny</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chongqing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">005780000</span>5.780.000</td> <td>Miasto właściwe<sup id="cite_ref-uwaga2_8-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-uwaga2-8">[b]</a></sup></td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chi%C5%84ska_Republika_Ludowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chińska Republika Ludowa">Chiny</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bagdad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">005337684</span>5.337.684<sup id="cite_ref-WG_9-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WG-9">[7]</a></sup></td> <td>Miasto właściwe</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irak">Irak</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bengaluru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bengaluru">Bangalore</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">005310318</span>5.310.318<sup id="cite_ref-WG_9-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WG-9">[7]</a></sup></td> <td>Aglomeracja</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indie">Indie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolkata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolkata">Kalkuta</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">005080519</span>5.080.519<sup id="cite_ref-WG_9-4" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WG-9">[7]</a></sup></td> <td>Aglomeracja</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indie">Indie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>32</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santiago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santiago">Santiago</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">004985893</span>4.985.893<sup id="cite_ref-ChileProjProv_33-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ChileProjProv-33">[29]</a></sup></td> <td>Prowincja<sup id="cite_ref-uwaga5_34-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-uwaga5-34">[e]</a></sup></td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>33</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Singapur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Singapur">Singapur</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">004839400</span>4.839.400<sup id="cite_ref-Sing2008pop_35-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sing2008pop-35">[30]</a></sup></td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto-pa%C5%84stwo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miasto-państwo">Państwo-miasto</a></td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Singapur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Singapur">Singapur</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanton_(Chiny)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanton (Chiny)">Kanton</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">004653131</span>4.653.131<sup id="cite_ref-statfi_36-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-statfi-36">[31]</a></sup> <small>(2002-12-31)</small></td> <td>Rdzenne dzielnice</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chi%C5%84ska_Republika_Ludowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chińska Republika Ludowa">Chiny</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petersburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petersburg">Sankt Petersburg</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">004596000</span>4.596.000<sup id="cite_ref-eng.gov.spb-population_37-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eng.gov.spb-population-37">[32]</a></sup></td> <td>Właściwe miasto</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rosja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rosja">Rosja</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuhan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">004593410</span>4.593.410<sup id="cite_ref-statfi_36-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-statfi-36">[31]</a></sup> <small>(2002-12-31)</small></td> <td>Rdzenne dzielnice</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chi%C5%84ska_Republika_Ludowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chińska Republika Ludowa">Chiny</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>37</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%86ennaj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ćennaj">Ćennaj</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">004590267</span>4.590.267<sup id="cite_ref-WG_9-5" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WG-9">[7]</a></sup></td> <td>Aglomeracja</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indie">Indie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>38</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rijad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rijad">Rijad</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">004465000</span>4.465.000<sup id="cite_ref-UN_14-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UN-14">[12]</a></sup></td> <td>Właściwe miasto</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arabia_Saudyjska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arabia Saudyjska">Arabia Saudyjska</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>39</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Surat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Surat">Surat</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">004274429</span>4.274.429<sup id="cite_ref-suratmunicipal-shtml_38-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-suratmunicipal-shtml-38">[33]</a></sup> <small>(mid-2008 est.)</small></td> <td>Aglomeracja</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indie">Indie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aleksandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aleksandria">Aleksandria</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">004110015</span>4.110.015<sup id="cite_ref-Capmas2006_28-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Capmas2006-28">[24]</a></sup></td> <td>Gubernatorstwo</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egipt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egipt">Egipt</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>41</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rangun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rangun">Rangun</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">004088000</span>4.088.000<sup id="cite_ref-UN_14-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UN-14">[12]</a></sup></td> <td>Aglomeracja</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mjanma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mjanma">Mjanma</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hajdarabad_(Indie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hajdarabad (Indie)">Hajdarabad</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">004025335</span>4.025.335<sup id="cite_ref-WG_9-6" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WG-9">[7]</a></sup></td> <td>Aglomeracja</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indie">Indie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>43</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shenyang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003995531</span>3.995.531<sup id="cite_ref-statfi_36-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-statfi-36">[31]</a></sup> <small>(2002-12-31)</small></td> <td>Właściwe miasto</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chi%C5%84ska_Republika_Ludowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chińska Republika Ludowa">Chiny</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>44</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ahmadabad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ahmadabad">Ahmadabad</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003913793</span>3.913.793<sup id="cite_ref-WG_9-7" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WG-9">[7]</a></sup></td> <td>Aglomeracja</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indie">Indie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>45</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ankara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003901201</span>3.901.201<sup id="cite_ref-turkey_12-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-turkey-12">[10]</a></sup></td> <td>Miasto</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turcja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turcja">Turcja</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>46</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannesburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003888180</span>3.888.180<sup id="cite_ref-ZA_39-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ZA-39">[34]</a></sup></td> <td>Metropolia</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C5%82udniowa_Afryka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Południowa Afryka">Republika Południowej Afryki</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>47</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Los_Angeles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003849378</span>3.849.378<sup id="cite_ref-us_40-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-us-40">[35]</a></sup></td> <td>Miasto właściwe</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>48</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abid%C5%BCan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abidżan">Abidżan</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003802000</span>3.802.000<sup id="cite_ref-UN_14-4" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UN-14">[12]</a></sup></td> <td>Zespół miejski</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wybrze%C5%BCe_Ko%C5%9Bci_S%C5%82oniowej?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wybrzeże Kości Słoniowej">Wybrzeże Kości Słoniowej</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jokohama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jokohama">Jokohama</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003650000</span>3.650.000<sup id="cite_ref-StatJapMonthlyCityYokohama_41-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-StatJapMonthlyCityYokohama-41">[36]</a></sup></td> <td>Właściwe miasto</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japonia">Japonia</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>50</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pusan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pusan">Pusan</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003615101</span>3.615.101<sup class="noprint" title="Te informacje wymagają podania przypisów bibliograficznych od 2021-12">[<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pomoc:Przypisy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pomoc:Przypisy">potrzebny przypis</a>]</sup></td> <td>Miasto specjalne</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korea_Po%C5%82udniowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korea Południowa">Korea Południowa</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>51</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kapsztad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kapsztad">Kapsztad</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003497097</span>3.497.097<sup id="cite_ref-ZA_39-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ZA-39">[34]</a></sup></td> <td>Metropolia</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C5%82udniowa_Afryka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Południowa Afryka">Republika Południowej Afryki</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>52</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durban?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Durban">Durban</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003468086</span>3.468.086<sup id="cite_ref-ZA_39-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ZA-39">[34]</a></sup></td> <td>Metropolia</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C5%82udniowa_Afryka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Południowa Afryka">Republika Południowej Afryki</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>53</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003426354</span>3.440.991 (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-Bevölkerungsstand_im_Land_42-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bev%C3%B6lkerungsstand_im_Land-42">[37]</a></sup></td> <td>Cały <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kraj_zwi%C4%85zkowy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kraj związkowy">kraj związkowy</a> z miastem</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Niemcy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Niemcy">Niemcy</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>54</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pune?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pune">Pune</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003337481</span>3.337.481<sup id="cite_ref-WG_9-8" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WG-9">[7]</a></sup></td> <td>Aglomeracja</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indie">Indie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>55</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pjongjang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pjongjang">Pjongjang</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003255388</span>3.255.388<sup id="cite_ref-unstats.un_43-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-unstats.un-43">[38]</a></sup></td> <td>Miasto specjalne</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korea_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korea Północna">Korea Północna</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>56</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madryt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madryt">Madryt</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003213271</span>3.213.271<sup id="cite_ref-ine-2Fe260-file-inebase_44-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ine-2Fe260-file-inebase-44">[39]</a></sup></td> <td>Miasto</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hiszpania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hiszpania">Hiszpania</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>57</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanpur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003144267</span>3.144.267<sup id="cite_ref-WG_9-9" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WG-9">[7]</a></sup></td> <td>Aglomeracja</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indie">Indie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>58</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jaipur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003102808</span>3.102.808<sup id="cite_ref-WG_9-10" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WG-9">[7]</a></sup></td> <td>Aglomeracja</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indie">Indie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>59</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buenos_Aires?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003050728</span>3.050.728<sup id="cite_ref-indec.mecon_45-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-indec.mecon-45">[40]</a></sup></td> <td>Dystrykt stołeczny</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argentyna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argentyna">Argentyna</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>60</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nairobi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a></td> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">003038553</span>3.038.553<sup id="cite_ref-ochaonline.un-1085023_46-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ochaonline.un-1085023-46">[41]</a></sup></td> <td>Prowincja</td> <td><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kenia">Kenia</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="28" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/miasto" class="extiw" title="wikt:miasto"><strong>Zobacz hasło</strong> <em>miasto</em> w Wikisłowniku</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="24" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/47px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Miasto" class="extiw" title="q:Miasto"><strong>Zobacz kolekcję cytatów</strong> <em>dotyczące miast</em> w Wikicytatach</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; color:black; width: 245px; padding: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"> <noscript> <img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/25px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/25px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="Wikipedia" data-width="25" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Wikipedia </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;" class="plainlinks"> Zobacz multimedia związane z tematem: <br><b><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategoria:Pliki_wed%C5%82ug_miast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategoria:Pliki według miast">Miasto</a></b> </div> </div> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cities?uselang%3Dpl"><strong>Zobacz multimedia</strong> związane z tematem: <em>Miasto</em></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto_federalne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miasto federalne">miasto federalne</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto_graniczne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Miasto graniczne (strona nie istnieje)">miasto graniczne</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dzielnica_miasta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dzielnica miasta">dzielnica</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osiedle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osiedle">osiedle</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wielki_zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_mieszkaniowy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wielki zespół mieszkaniowy">wielki zespół mieszkaniowy</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socjologia_miasta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socjologia miasta">socjologia miasta</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szko%C5%82a_chicagowska_(architektura)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szkoła chicagowska (architektura)">szkoła chicagowska</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kultura_miejska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kultura miejska">kultura miejska</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto_ogr%C3%B3d?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miasto ogród">miasto-ogród</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto_satelickie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miasto satelickie">miasto satelickie</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto_satelickie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miasto satelickie">miasto-sypialnia</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prawa_miejskie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prawa miejskie">prawa miejskie</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modele_struktury_przestrzennej_miasta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modele struktury przestrzennej miasta">modele struktury przestrzennej miasta</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C3%B3dmie%C5%9Bcie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Śródmieście">śródmieście</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Przedmie%C5%9Bcie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Przedmieście">przedmieście</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urbanistyka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urbanistyka">urbanistyka</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urbanizacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urbanizacja">urbanizacja</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kontrurbanizacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kontrurbanizacja">kontrurbanizacja</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruralizacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruralizacja">ruralizacja</a></li> </ul> <p>Zestawienia:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasta_w_Polsce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miasta w Polsce">miasta w Polsce (alfabetycznie)</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dane_statystyczne_o_miastach_w_Polsce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dane statystyczne o miastach w Polsce">miasta w Polsce (statystyki)</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aglomeracja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Najwi%C4%99ksze_aglomeracje_miejskie_%C5%9Bwiata" title="Aglomeracja">lista największych aglomeracji miejskich świata</a></li> </ul> <p>Połączenie sąsiednich miast na wspólnym obszarze</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aglomeracja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aglomeracja">aglomeracja</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konurbacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konurbacja">konurbacja</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metropolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Metropolia">metropolia</a> (w tym tak że <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obszar_metropolitalny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obszar metropolitalny">obszar metropolitalny</a> lub <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zwi%C4%85zek_metropolitalny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Związek metropolitalny">związek metropolitalny</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Megalopolis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Megalopolis">megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ekumenopolis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ekumenopolis">ekumenopolis</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eksurbanizacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eksurbanizacja">eksurbanizacja</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Megamiasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Megamiasto">megamiasto</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Uwagi">Uwagi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Uwagi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection refsection-uwagi ll-script ll-script-uwagi"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-uwaga1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-uwaga1_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Obszar wzięty pod uwagę w zestawieniu.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-uwaga2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-uwaga2_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-uwaga2_8-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-uwaga2_8-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-uwaga2_8-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Jedno z czterech miast wydzielonych w Chinach (直辖市 zhíxiáshì).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-uwaga3-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-uwaga3_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Złożona z 43 niezależnych dzielnic.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-uwaga4-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-uwaga4_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Złożony z 32 niezależnych <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_borough?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London borough">boroughs</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-uwaga5-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-uwaga5_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Złożona z 32 niezależnych części.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Dymek-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dymek_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dymek_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal doi"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Jolanta</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jolanta" style="display:none">J.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Jóźwik</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Jolanta</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jolanta">J.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Dorota</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Dorota" style="display:none">D.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Dymek</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Dorota</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Dorota">D.</span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ejournals.eu/Prace-Geograficzne/Numer-166/art/22015/"><i>Kryteria identyfikacji miast na świecie</i></a>, „Prace Geograficzne” (166), <span title="16 września 2022">2022</span>, s. 9–26, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.4467%252F20833113PG.22.001.16131">10.4467/20833113PG.22.001.16131</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2023-12-05]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2022-09-16&rft.jtitle=Prace+Geograficzne&rft.atitle=Kryteria+identyfikacji+miast+na+%C5%9Bwiecie&rft.edition=166&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4467%2F20833113PG.22.001.16131&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejournals.eu%2FPrace-Geograficzne%2FNumer-166%2Fart%2F22015%2F" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-doi10.1073/pnas.0610172104-s7301-7306-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-doi10.1073/pnas.0610172104-s7301-7306_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal doi nourl c"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Luís M.A.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Luís M.A." style="display:none">L.M.A.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Bettencourt</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Luís M.A.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Luís M.A.">L.M.A.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="Luís M.A. Bettencourt, José Lobo, Dirk Helbing, West G. B"> i inni</span>, <i>Growth, innovation, scaling, and the pace of life in cities</i>, „<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</a>”, 17, 104, 2007, s. 7301–7306, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%252Fpnas.0610172104">10.1073/pnas.0610172104</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2007&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.volume=104&rft.atitle=Growth%2C+innovation%2C+scaling%2C+and+the+pace+of+life+in+cities&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0610172104" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Anna Runge, Jerzy Runge: <i>Słownik pojęć z geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej</i>. Videograf Edukacja, 2008, s. 194–195. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788360763483?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788360763483">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-60763-48-3</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C5%82ownik+poj%C4%99%C4%87+z+geografii+spo%C5%82eczno-ekonomicznej&rft.aulast=Runge&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=Videograf+Edukacja&rft.pages=194%E2%80%93195&rft.isbn=978-83-60763-48-3"></span></cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ustawa z dnia 29 sierpnia 2003 r. o urzędowych nazwach miejscowości i obiektów fizjograficznych (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id%3DWDU20190001443">Dz.U. z 2019 r. poz. 1443</a></span>).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rozporządzenie Ministra Rozwoju, Pracy i Technologii z dnia 21 lipca 2021 r. w sprawie ewidencji miejscowości, ulic i adresów (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id%3DWDU20210001368">Dz.U. z 2021 r. poz. 1368</a></span>).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-stats-sh-2007tjnje-e0303-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-stats-sh-2007tjnje-e0303_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705000021/http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/2003shtj/tjnj/nje07.htm?d1%3D2007tjnje%252Fe0303.htm">Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics, Shanghai Statistical Yearbook 2007, Total of permanent population (including „floating population”)</a>. stats-sh.gov.cn. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/2003shtj/tjnj/nje07.htm?d1%3D2007tjnje%252Fe0303.htm">tego adresu</a> (2009-07-05)].</cite> Retrieved on 2009-01-29. Total population as of 2006-12-31 of the following districts (core city + inner suburbs): Pudong New Area, Huangpu, Luwan, Xuhui, Changning, Jing’an, Putuo, Zhabei, Hongkou, Yangpu, Baoshan, Minhang, and Jiading.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-WG-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WG_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WG_9-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WG_9-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WG_9-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WG_9-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WG_9-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WG_9-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WG_9-7">h</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WG_9-8">i</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WG_9-9">j</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WG_9-10">k</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url%3Dhttp://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x%3D%2526men%3Dgcis%2526lng%3Den%2526des%3Dwg%2526srt%3Dnpan%2526col%3Dabcdefghinoq%2526msz%3D1500%2526pt%3Dc%2526va%3D%2526srt%3Dpnan%26date%3D2010-01-10%2B15:19:25">World Gazetteer estimate for 2009-01-01</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-StatJapMonthlyCityTokyo-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-StatJapMonthlyCityTokyo_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20060515230912/http://www.stat.go.jp/data/getujidb/zuhyou/b04.xls">Statistics Bureau, Japan, Monthly Statistics, Population of Major Cities (<b>excel-file</b>)</a> Retrieved on 2008-10-03. Population estimate on 2008-08-01.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-SindhDistrictPop2008-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SindhDistrictPop2008_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819202254/http://www.sindhbos.gov.pk/publications/district_development_indicators_2008/1.pdf"><i>Sindh Bureau of Statistics, Selected Tables of District Development Indicators, 2008; Population (Total) of 1998 Census and 2008 (Projected) (pdf-file)</i></a> [online], sindhbos.gov.pk [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sindhbos.gov.pk/publications/district_development_indicators_2008/1.pdf">adresu</a> 2008-08-19]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Sindh+Bureau+of+Statistics%2C+Selected+Tables+of+District+Development+Indicators%2C+2008%3B+Population+%28Total%29+of+1998+Census+and+2008+%28Projected%29+%28pdf-file%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sindhbos.gov.pk%2Fpublications%2Fdistrict_development_indicators_2008%2F1.pdf" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite> Retrieved on 2008-08-05. Including three rural towns (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gadap_Town&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gadap Town (strona nie istnieje)">Gadap Town</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bin_Qasim_Town&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bin Qasim Town (strona nie istnieje)">Bin Qasim Town</a>, and <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kiamari_Town&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kiamari Town (strona nie istnieje)">Kiamari Town</a>), as well as six <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonment">cantonments</a> (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Clifton_Cantonment&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Clifton Cantonment (strona nie istnieje)">Clifton Cantonment</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Faisal_Cantonment&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Faisal Cantonment (strona nie istnieje)">Faisal Cantonment</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karachi_Cantonment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karachi Cantonment">Karachi Cantonment</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Korangi_Creek_Cantonment&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Korangi Creek Cantonment (strona nie istnieje)">Korangi Creek Cantonment</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malir_Cantonment&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Malir Cantonment (strona nie istnieje)">Malir Cantonment</a> and <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Manora_Cantonment&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Manora Cantonment (strona nie istnieje)">Manora Cantonment</a>) under military jurisdiction.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-turkey-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-turkey_12-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-turkey_12-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">TUIK: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20080206065731/http://www.tuik.gov.tr/jsp/duyuru/upload/adnks_Harita_TR/HaritaTR.html">Address-based population registration system: Inside-Outside District Centers Population By Province And Sex And Population Density 2007</a>. TUIK. [dostęp 2008-01-21]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku tureckim (Türkçe)">tur.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-IBGEEstPop-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IBGEEstPop_13-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IBGEEstPop_13-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2008/estimativa.shtm">Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Estimativas de População, Estimativas para 1º de julho de 2008</a> Retrieved on 2008-09-29. Population estimate for 2008-07-01.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-UN-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UN_14-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UN_14-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UN_14-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UN_14-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UN_14-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223005931/http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel%3D2">UN world Urbanization Prospects estimate for 2007</a>. esa.un.org. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel%3D2">tego adresu</a> (2009-12-23)].</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-BeiStatYear2006pop-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BeiStatYear2006pop_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704235836/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/tjnj/2008-tjnj/content/V35_0308.htm">Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics, Beijing Statistical Yearbook 2008, Total number of permanent population (including „floating population”)</a>. bjstats.gov.cn. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/tjnj/2008-tjnj/content/V35_0308.htm">tego adresu</a> (2009-07-04)].</cite> Retrieved on 2009-03-14. Total population on 2007-12-31(1% sample census) of the two functional areas of 1) Core Districts of Capital Function and 2) Urban Function Extended Districts, including eight fully urban districts. The data is for so-called ‘permanent population’; registered population was 7,323,000 the same year.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-CONAPOProy-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CONAPOProy_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012092602/http://www.conapo.gob.mx/00cifras/5.htm">Consejo Nacional de Población, México; Proyecciones de la Población de México 2005-2050</a>. conapo.gob.mx. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.conapo.gob.mx/00cifras/5.htm">tego adresu</a> (2007-10-12)].</cite> Retrieved on 2008-10-03. Projected population on 2008-06-30.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-DKCS-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DKCS_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408101949/http://www.kependudukancapil.go.id/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D4%26Itemid%3D63">Penduduk Provinsi DKI Jakarta: Penduduk Provinsi DKI Jakarta Januari 2008 (Demographics and Civil Records Service: Population of the Province of Jakarta January 2008)</a>. kependudukancapil.go.id. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.kependudukancapil.go.id/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D4%26Itemid%3D63">tego adresu</a> (2012-04-08)].</cite> Retrieved on 2008-10-25.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Accepted_Challenges_to_Vintage-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Accepted_Challenges_to_Vintage_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.is/20090420192656/http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/2000s/vintage_2007/07s_challenges.html">Accepted Challenges to Vintage 2007 Population Estimates</a>. US Census Bureau. [dostęp 2009-05-15].</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Metropolitan_Lagos_population-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Metropolitan_Lagos_population_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Summing the 16 LGAs making up Metropolitan Lagos (Agege, Ajeromi-Ifelodun, Alimosho, Amuwo-Odofin, Apapa, Eti-Osa, Ifako-Ijaiye, Ikeja, Kosofe, Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland, Mushin, Ojo, Oshodi-Isolo, Shomolu, Surulere) as per:<br><cite class="citation web">Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704042011/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/Connections/Pop2006.pdf">Legal Notice on Publication of the Details of the Breakdown of the National and State Provisional Totals 2006 Census</a>. 15 maja 2007. [dostęp 2007-06-29]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/Connections/Pop2006.pdf">tego adresu</a> (2007-07-04)].</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-sci-infofile-tehran-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sci-infofile-tehran_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027162151/http://www.sci.org.ir/content/userfiles/_census85/census85/natayej/infofile/tehran.xls"><i>Iran 2006 Census, Tehran Province (excel-file)</i></a> [online], sci.org.ir [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sci.org.ir/content/userfiles/_census85/census85/natayej/infofile/tehran.xls">adresu</a> 2007-10-27]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Iran+2006+Census%2C+Tehran+Province+%28excel-file%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sci.org.ir%2Fcontent%2Fuserfiles%2F_census85%2Fcensus85%2Fnatayej%2Finfofile%2Ftehran.xls" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite> Population of the 22 districts of the city (shahr) of Tehran, excluding other administrative units within the <i>shahrestan</i> and the <i>bakhsh</i> of Tehran. Retrieved on 2008-10-31.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-censos.inei.gob-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-censos.inei.gob_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://censos.inei.gob.pe/censos2007/Documentos/Primresult_CPV2007.pdf">INEI 2007 Census Results</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-neighbourhood.statistics-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-neighbourhood.statistics_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a%3D7%26b%3D6059498%26c%3Dealing%26d%3D27%26e%3D13%26g%3D336453%26i%3D1001x1003x1004%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1239797906078%26enc%3D1">UK Office of National Statistics -- mid-2007 population estimate for London region</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-DANEproj20052009-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DANEproj20052009_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/poblacion/proyepobla06_20/ProyeccionMunicipios2005_2009.xls">Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. Proyecciones de población municipales por área, 2005-2009, a junio 30. (<b>excel-file</b>)</a> Retrieved on 2008-10-02. Projected population on 2008-06-30.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-HongKongMid2008-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-HongKongMid2008_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://gia.info.gov.hk/general/200808/14/P200808140106_0106_43372.pdf">Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong; Population figures from mid-2001 to mid-2008 (pdf-file)</a> Retrieved on 2008-10-03. Estimated population on 2008-06-30. Including ‘usual’ and ‘mobile’ residents, but excluding temporary visitors.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-ThaiKeyStat2007-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ThaiKeyStat2007_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.nso.go.th/eng/pub/keystat/key07/key07.zip">National Statistical Office Thailand, Key Statistics of Thailand 2007; Chapter 1.9, Population Projections (1 July) by Region and Sex <b>(embedded in huge 121MB zipped file!)</b></a> Retrieved on 2008-10-01. Projected <i>de facto</i> population as of 2008. The registered (<i>de jure</i>) population was 5,695,956 in 2006.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Capmas2006-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Capmas2006_28-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Capmas2006_28-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124144207/http://www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg/ows-img2/xls/rep1ne.xls"><i>Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics, Population and Housing Census 2006, Governorate level, Population distribution by sex (excel-file)</i></a> [online], msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg/ows-img2/xls/rep1ne.xls">adresu</a> 2009-01-24]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Central+Agency+for+Public+Mobilisation+and+Statistics%2C+Population+and+Housing+Census+2006%2C+Governorate+level%2C+Population+distribution+by+sex+%28excel-file%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg%2Fows-img2%2Fxls%2Frep1ne.xls" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite> For Cairo, figure is an adjusted census result, as Helwan governorate was created on the 17th of April 2008 from a.o. parts of the Cairo governorate.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-BangladeshStatPock2007-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BangladeshStatPock2007_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928093839/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/pb_wb_page.pdf"><i>Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Pocket Book, 2007 (pdf-file)</i></a> [online], bbs.gov.bd [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/pb_wb_page.pdf">adresu</a> 2007-09-28]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Bangladesh+Bureau+of+Statistics%2C+Statistical+Pocket+Book%2C+2007+%28pdf-file%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbs.gov.bd%2Fdataindex%2Fpb_wb_page.pdf" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite> 2007 Population Estimate. Accessed on 2008-09-27.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Statistical_office_in_Ho_Chi_Minh_City-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Statistical_office_in_Ho_Chi_Minh_City_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708054940/http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/so_lieu_ktxh/2007/Dan_so_va_lao_dong/0201.htm">Statistical office in Ho Chi Minh City</a>. pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/so_lieu_ktxh/2007/Dan_so_va_lao_dong/0201.htm">tego adresu</a> (2009-07-08)].</cite>, accessed November 27, 2008.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-GeoHivePunjabLahore-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GeoHivePunjabLahore_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090121004819/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/pakistan.aspx?levels%3DThe%2520Punjab">GeoHive, Pakistan – The Punjab – Administrative units</a>. geohive.com. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/pakistan.aspx?levels%3DThe%2520Punjab">tego adresu</a> (2009-01-21)].</cite> 1998 Census result for Lahore District. Accessed on 2008-09-28. The UN estimated the population of Lahore to be 6,577,000 in 2007. However, that estimate is based on now obsolete administrative boundaries for the Lahore Metropolitan Corporation. The administrative boundaries for Lahore was changed in 2001, when it was transformed from Metropolitan Corporation into a City District. The City District includes the old Metropolitan Corporation as well as the surrounding district. The District of Lahore had a total of 6,318,745 inhabitants in 1998, compared to 5,143,495 for the Metropolitan Corporation. Current, but vague, estimates puts the population of the district at somewhere between 7.5 and 10 millions.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-stats-tj-200612-5376-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-stats-tj-200612-5376_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925202711/http://www.stats-tj.gov.cn/Article/tjgb/stjgb/200612/5376.html">Tianjin Statistical Information Net</a>. stats-tj.gov.cn. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stats-tj.gov.cn/Article/tjgb/stjgb/200612/5376.html">tego adresu</a> (2008-09-25)].</cite> Retrieved on 2009-01-29. Total population as of 2005-11-01 of the following districts (core city + inner suburbs): Heping, Hedong, Hexi, Nankai, Hebei, Hongqiao, Dongli, Xiqing, Jinnan, and Beichen. Excludes the separate urban area of <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Binhai_New_Area&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Binhai New Area (strona nie istnieje)">Binhai</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-ChileProjProv-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ChileProjProv_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110718092014/http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/demografia_y_vitales/proyecciones/DatProv/SalProvUsuarios-T13OK.xls">Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Chile; Proyecciones de población al 30 de Junio 1990-2020, Region Metropolitana de Santiago; Provincias (<b>excel-file</b>)</a> Retrieved on 2008-10-03. Projected population on 2008-06-30.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Sing2008pop-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sing2008pop_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118144103/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/themes/people/hist/popn.html">Statistics Singapore, Population (Mid-Year Estimates)</a>. singstat.gov.sg. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/themes/people/hist/popn.html">tego adresu</a> (2008-11-18)].</cite> Retrieved on 2008-10-03. Estimated population on 2008-06-30, including Singapore residents plus non-residents. Population of Singapore citizens and residents was 3,642,700 on 2008-06-30.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-statfi-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-statfi_36-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-statfi_36-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-statfi_36-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050513001419/http://www.stat.fi/tup/maanum/06_maailman_suurimmat_kaupungit.xls">City and region database of Statistics Finland</a>. stat.fi. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stat.fi/tup/maanum/06_maailman_suurimmat_kaupungit.xls">tego adresu</a> (2005-05-13)].</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-eng.gov.spb-population-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eng.gov.spb-population_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319080713/http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/population">City of Saint Petersburg Official Portal, Russian Census estimates</a>. eng.gov.spb.ru. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/population">tego adresu</a> (2009-03-19)].</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-suratmunicipal-shtml-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-suratmunicipal-shtml_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110412045406/http://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/content/city/stmt13.shtml">Mid-year Population Estimates, Surat Municipal Corporation</a>. suratmunicipal.gov.in. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/content/city/stmt13.shtml">tego adresu</a> (2011-04-12)].</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-ZA-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ZA_39-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ZA_39-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ZA_39-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825124835/http://www.statssa.gov.za/Publications/P03011/P030112007.pdf"><i>Statistics South Africa, Community Survey, 2007, Basic Results Municipalities (pdf-file)</i></a> [online], statssa.gov.za [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.statssa.gov.za/Publications/P03011/P030112007.pdf">adresu</a> 2013-08-25]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Statistics+South+Africa%2C+Community+Survey%2C+2007%2C+Basic+Results+Municipalities+%28pdf-file%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statssa.gov.za%2FPublications%2FP03011%2FP030112007.pdf" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite> Retrieved on 2008-03-23.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-us-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-us_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702083922/http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2006-01.xls">U.S. Census Bureau estimates for 2006</a>. census.gov. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2006-01.xls">tego adresu</a> (2010-07-02)].</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-StatJapMonthlyCityYokohama-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-StatJapMonthlyCityYokohama_41-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20060515230912/http://www.stat.go.jp/data/getujidb/zuhyou/b04.xls">Statistics Bureau, Japan, Monthly Statistics, Population of Major Cities (<b>excel-file</b>)</a> Retrieved on 2008-10-03. Population estimate on 2008-09-01.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bevölkerungsstand_im_Land-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bev%C3%B6lkerungsstand_im_Land_42-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090205000725/http://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Publikationen/Otab/2008/ot_a01-01-00_124_200807_be.pdf">Bevölkerungsstand im Land Berlin</a>. [w:] <i>Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg</i> [on-line]. [dostęp 2008-07-31].</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-unstats.un-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-unstats.un_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325102712/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/2008_North_Korea_Census.pdf"><i>United Nations Statistics Division; Preliminary results of the 2008 Census of Population of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea conducted on 1-15 October 2008 (pdf-file)</i></a> [online], unstats.un.org [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/2008_North_Korea_Census.pdf">adresu</a> 2009-03-25]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Statistics+Division%3B+Preliminary+results+of+the+2008+Census+of+Population+of+the+Democratic+People%E2%80%99s+Republic+of+Korea+conducted+on+1-15+October+2008+%28pdf-file%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Funsd%2Fdemographic%2Fsources%2Fcensus%2F2010_PHC%2FNorth_Korea%2F2008_North_Korea_Census.pdf" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite> Retrieved on 2009-03-01.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-ine-2Fe260-file-inebase-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ine-2Fe260-file-inebase_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type%3Dpcaxis%26path%3D%252Ft20%252Fe260%26file%3Dinebase%26L%3D">INE</a> (2008).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-indec.mecon-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-indec.mecon_45-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409210017/http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/estimaciones-serie34.pdf"><i>Population projections (pdf-file)</i></a> [online], indec.mecon.ar [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/estimaciones-serie34.pdf">adresu</a> 2014-04-09]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Population+projections+%28pdf-file%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indec.mecon.ar%2Fnuevaweb%2Fcuadros%2F2%2Festimaciones-serie34.pdf" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-ochaonline.un-1085023-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ochaonline.un-1085023_46-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707192344/http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link%3Docha%26docid%3D1085023"><i>UN OCHA</i></a> [online], ochaonline.un.org [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link%3Docha%26docid%3D1085023">adresu</a> 2009-07-07]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=UN+OCHA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fochaonline.un.org%2FOchaLinkClick.aspx%3Flink%3Docha%26docid%3D1085023" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite>, Estimate for mid-2008.</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <ul> <li><cite class="citation book">Rozwój miast. W: Wilfried Koch: <i>Style w architekturze</i>. Warszawa: (wydanie polskie) Bertelsmann Media, 2005, s. 390–423. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788371292880?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788371292880">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-7129-288-0</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Style+w+architekturze&rft.atitle=Rozw%C3%B3j+miast&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=Wilfried&rft.pub=%28wydanie+polskie%29+Bertelsmann+Media&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=390%E2%80%93423&rft.isbn=978-83-7129-288-0"></span></cite></li> <li>Encyklopedia PWN „Fakty i liczby”, Warszawa 2006</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20010405082105/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/home.htm">Ludność wszystkich miast świata powyżej 10 tys. mieszkańców</a>. world-gazetteer.com. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/home.htm">tego adresu</a> (2001-04-05)].</cite></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inzynieria.com/wpis-branzy/rankingi/10/48810,ranking-30-najwiekszych-miast-swiata-2016">Ranking 30 największych miast świata (2016)</a></li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"> <div class="normdaten-typ-s"> <div> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">miasto</span>): </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://d-nb.info/gnd/4056723-0">4056723-0</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573347">00573347</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933792m">11933792m</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centralna_Biblioteka_Narodowa_we_Florencji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centralna Biblioteka Narodowa we Florencji">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id%3D1218">1218</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://aut.nkp.cz/ph115399">ph115399</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hiszpa%C5%84ska_Biblioteka_Narodowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hiszpańska Biblioteka Narodowa">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action%3Ddisplay%26authority_id%3DXX525968">XX525968</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func%3Dfind-b%26local_base%3DNLX10%26find_code%3DUID%26request%3D987007286448205171">987007286448205171</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_%C5%81otwy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Łotwy">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func%3Ddirect%26local_base%3Dlnc10%26doc_number%3D000055131%26P_CON_LNG%3DENG">000055131</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Korei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Korei">KRNLK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://librarian.nl.go.kr/LI/contents/L20101000000.do?id%3DKSH1998014258">KSH1998014258</a></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="normdaten-andere"> <div> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>: </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/topic/city">topic/city</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/city/">city</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/citta">citta</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/ville-mythe-et-representation/">ville-mythe-et-representation</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p%3D4342%26url_prefix%3Dhttps://snl.no/%26id%3Dby">by</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0090878.xml">0090878</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p%3D8313%26url_prefix%3Dhttps://lex.dk/%26id%3Dby">by</a></span>, <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p%3D8313%26url_prefix%3Dhttps://lex.dk/%26id%3Dcitt%25C3%25A0">città</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMiasto%26oldid%3D75215111">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miasto&oldid=75215111</a>” </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miasto&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Glucholaz" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731397767"> <span>Ostatnio edytowano 12 lis 2024 o 08:49</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Języki</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%258A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258D" title="Къалэ – kabardyjski" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къалэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad" title="Stad – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadt" title="Stadt – szwajcarski niemiecki" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stadt" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="szwajcarski niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258A%25A8%25E1%2589%25B0%25E1%2588%259B" title="ከተማ – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ከተማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burg" title="Burg – staroangielski" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Burg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="staroangielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D2%259B%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D2%259B%25D1%258C" title="Ақалақь – abchaski" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ақалақь" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abchaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25D8%25A9" title="مدينة – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدينة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudat" title="Ciudat – aragoński" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ciudat" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%25A1%25DC%2595%25DC%259D%25DC%25A2%25DC%25AC%25DC%2590" title="ܡܕܝܢܬܐ – aramejski" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܕܝܢܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C3%25A2s%25C3%25A2b%25C4%2583" title="Câsâbă – arumuński" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Câsâbă" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vela" title="Vela – franko-prowansalski" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vela" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="franko-prowansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A7%25B0" title="চহৰ – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চহৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciud%25C3%25A1" title="Ciudá – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciudá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25A1va" title="Táva – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Táva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3%25D1%258C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Шагьар – awarski" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Шагьар" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="awarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marka" title="Marka – ajmara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Marka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ajmara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%259E%25C9%2599h%25C9%2599r" title="Şəhər – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şəhər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1" title="شهر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شهر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" title="Kota – balijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kota" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25B0" title="শহর – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শহর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuta" title="Kuta – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kuta" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%25C3%25A2%25E2%2581%25BF-chh%25C4%25AB" title="Siâⁿ-chhī – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siâⁿ-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Ҡала – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡала" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4" title="Горад – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Горад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4" title="Горад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Горад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="शहर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="शहर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syudad" title="Syudad – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Syudad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4" title="Град – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Град" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stod" title="Stod – bawarski" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Stod" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bawarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BE%25B2%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2581%25E0%25BE%25B1%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BC%258D" title="གྲོང་ཁྱེར། – tybetański" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གྲོང་ཁྱེར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tybetański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad" title="Grad – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Grad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25AAr" title="Kêr – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kêr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE" title="Хото – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хото" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciutat" title="Ciutat – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciutat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Хула – czuwaski" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хула" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="czuwaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakbayan" title="Dakbayan – cebuański" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakbayan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C4%259Bsto" title="Město – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Město" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangkulo" title="Dangkulo – czamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Dangkulo" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="czamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guta" title="Guta – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Guta" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinas" title="Dinas – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dinas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/By" title="By – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="By" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25D8%25A9" title="مدينة – marokański arabski" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مدينة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokański arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schtadt" title="Schtadt – pensylwański" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Schtadt" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="pensylwański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadt" title="Stadt – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stadt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linn" title="Linn – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Linn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A0%25CF%258C%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B7" title="Πόλη – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πόλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit%25C3%25AA" title="Sitê – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Sitê" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City" title="City – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="City" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad" title="Ciudad – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciudad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbo" title="Urbo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Urbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%25C3%25A1" title="Ciá – estremadurski" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ciá" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremadurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiri" title="Hiri – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hiri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1" title="شهر – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شهر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/City" title="City – hindi fidżyjskie" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="City" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidżyjskie" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%25C3%25BDur" title="Býur – farerski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Býur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ville" title="Ville – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ville" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%25C3%25AAd" title="Stêd – zachodniofryzyjski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stêd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zachodniofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%25C3%25A2t" title="Citât – friulski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Citât" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathair" title="Cathair – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cathair" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caayr" title="Caayr – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Caayr" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasaba" title="Kasaba – gagauski" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kasaba" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baile_m%25C3%25B2r" title="Baile mòr – szkocki gaelicki" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Baile mòr" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="szkocki gaelicki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade" title="Cidade – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cidade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2585%25D1%258C%25D0%25B5" title="Пхье – inguski" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Пхье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259F%258E%25E5%25B8%2582" title="城市 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="城市" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C4%25A9t%25C4%25A9" title="Cĩtĩ – kikuju" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Cĩtĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25B6%25E0%25AA%25B9%25E0%25AB%2587%25E0%25AA%25B0" title="શહેર – gudżarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="શહેર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudżarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25A0ng-s%25E1%25B9%25B3" title="Sàng-sṳ – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sàng-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%258F%2584%25EC%258B%259C" title="도시 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C5%25ABlanakauhale" title="Kūlanakauhale – hawajski" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kūlanakauhale" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2594%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B2%25D5%25A1%25D6%2584" title="Քաղաք – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաղաք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="शहर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शहर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C4%259Bsto" title="Město – górnołużycki" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Město" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="górnołużycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad" title="Grad – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbo" title="Urbo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Urbo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okeama" title="Okeama – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Okeama" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siudad" title="Siudad – ilokano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Siudad" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" title="Kota – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citate" title="Citate – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Citate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%25C3%25A9" title="Cité – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cité" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2593%2584%25E1%2593%2587%25E1%2593%2596%25E1%2591%25A6" title="ᓄᓇᓖᑦ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓄᓇᓖᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iniqpak" title="Iniqpak – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Iniqpak" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Сахар – osetyjski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сахар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidlavela" title="Isidlavela – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isidlavela" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borg" title="Borg – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Borg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citt%25C3%25A0" title="Città – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Città" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A2%25D7%2599%25D7%25A8" title="עיר – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha" title="Kutha – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kutha" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B2%25B0" title="ನಗರ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಗರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B0%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Шахар – karaczajsko-bałkarski" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Шахар" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaczajsko-bałkarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%2598" title="დიდი ქალაქი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიდი ქალაქი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25D9%258E%25DB%2581%25D9%258E%25D8%25B1" title="شَہَر – kaszmirski" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="شَہَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaszmirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%259A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Қала – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қала" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cita" title="Cita – kornijski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Cita" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiji" title="Jiji – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jiji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Кар – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кар" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil" title="Vil – kreolski haitański" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vil" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="kreolski haitański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil" title="Vil – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Vil" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajar" title="Bajar – kurdyjski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bajar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Шаар – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шаар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zit%25C3%25A0" title="Zità – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Zità" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivdad" title="Sivdad – ladyński" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Sivdad" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladyński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3%25D1%258C%25D1%2580%25D1%2583" title="Шагьру – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Шагьру" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C4%25ABsts" title="Mīsts – łatgalski" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Mīsts" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="łatgalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbs" title="Urbs – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Urbs" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pils%25C4%2593ta" title="Pilsēta – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pilsēta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad" title="Stad – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Stad" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B3%25D1%258C%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Шегьер – lezgijski" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Шегьер" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miestas" title="Miestas – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Miestas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjtad" title="Sjtad – limburski" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjtad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engumba" title="Engumba – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Engumba" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnu" title="Linnu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Linnu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tcadu" title="tcadu – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tcadu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%25C3%25A0" title="Cità – lombardzki" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cità" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C3%25A1ros" title="Város – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Város" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotta" title="Kotta – madurski" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kotta" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="शहर – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="शहर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4" title="Град – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Град" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan%25C3%25A0n-dehibe" title="Tanàn-dehibe – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tanàn-dehibe" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%2597%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%2582" title="നഗരം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നഗരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C4%2581one" title="Tāone – maoryjski" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tāone" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoryjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="शहर – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शहर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25D9%2587" title="مدينه – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدينه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1" title="شهر – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شهر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar" title="Bandar – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bandar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2583%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%25A3%25EA%25AF%259C%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%259D%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A6%25EA%25AF%259F" title="ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koto" title="Koto – minangkabu" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Koto" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%25C3%25A0ng-ch%25C3%25AA" title="Siàng-chê – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siàng-chê" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade" title="Cidade – mirandyjski" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cidade" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D1%2588%25D1%2581%25D1%258C" title="Ошсь – moksza" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ошсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582" title="Хот – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хот" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altepetl" title="Altepetl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Altepetl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siti" title="Siti – fidżijski" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Siti" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidżijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad" title="Stad – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad_(woonstee)" title="Stad (woonstee) – dolnosaksoński" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Stad (woonstee)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="dolnosaksoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="सहर – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सहर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="नगर – newarski" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नगर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%2583%25BD%25E5%25B8%2582" title="都市 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="都市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%25C3%25A0" title="Cità – neapolitański" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cità" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolitański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D3%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="ГӀала – czeczeński" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀала" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="czeczeński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%25C3%25A4%25C3%25A4d" title="Stääd – północnofryzyjski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Stääd" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="północnofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/By" title="By – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="By" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/By" title="By – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="By" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%25C3%25A9" title="Cité – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Cité" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vila" title="Vila – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vila" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Ола – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ола" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahar" title="Shahar – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shahar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25B9%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25B0" title="ਸ਼ਹਿਰ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਹਿਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokayto" title="Tokayto – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Tokayto" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25DB%2581%25D8%25B1" title="شہر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شہر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siudat" title="Siudat – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Siudat" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%259A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="ښار – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ښار" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siti" title="Siti – jamajski" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Siti" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2591%25E1%259E%25B8%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25BB%25E1%259E%2584" title="ទីក្រុង – khmerski" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទីក្រុង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadt" title="Stadt – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Stadt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A0%25CF%258C%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B7" title="Πόλη – pontyjski" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Πόλη" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade" title="Cidade – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%259Eeer" title="Şeer – krymskotatarski" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Şeer" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krymskotatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadt" title="Stadt – gwara kolońska" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Stadt" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="gwara kolońska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora%25C8%2599" title="Oraș – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oraș" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foro" title="Foro – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Foro" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llaqta" title="Llaqta – keczua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Llaqta" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keczua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D1%2596%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE" title="Місто – rusiński" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Місто" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4" title="Город – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Город" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582" title="Куорат – jakucki" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Куорат" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakucki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25B1%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%259C%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25A8" title="ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceety" title="Ceety – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ceety" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qyteti" title="Qyteti – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qyteti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citati" title="Citati – sycylijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Citati" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sycylijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B6%259C%25E0%25B6%25BB" title="නගර – syngaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නගර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="syngaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/City" title="City – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="City" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25DA%25BE%25D8%25B1" title="شھر – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شھر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesto_(v%25C5%25A1eobecne)" title="Mesto (všeobecne) – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mesto (všeobecne)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesto" title="Mesto – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mesto" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D1%258A" title="Градъ – cerkiewnosłowiański" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Градъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="cerkiewnosłowiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjasto" title="Mjasto – śląski" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mjasto" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="śląski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caasimad" title="Caasimad – somalijski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Caasimad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="شار – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4" title="Град – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Град" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad" title="Grad – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grad" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" title="Kota – sundajski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kota" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaupunki" title="Kaupunki – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaupunki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad" title="Stad – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungsod" title="Lungsod – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lungsod" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="மாநகரம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாநகரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamdint" title="Tamdint – kabylski" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamdint" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetata_granne" title="Cetata granne – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Cetata granne" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D3%2599%25D2%25BB%25D3%2599%25D1%2580" title="Шәһәр – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шәһәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B0%2597%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%2582_(%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%259F%25E0%25B1%2580)" title="నగరం (సిటీ) – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నగరం (సిటీ)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3" title="นคร – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นคร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B0%25D2%25B3%25D1%2580" title="Шаҳр – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шаҳр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258E%25A6%25E1%258F%259A%25E1%258E%25B2%25E1%258E%25A2" title="ᎦᏚᎲᎢ – czirokeski" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏚᎲᎢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="czirokeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%259Eehir" title="Şehir – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şehir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580_(%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F)" title="Кар (география) – udmurcki" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кар (география)" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurcki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D1%2596%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE" title="Місто – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Місто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25DB%2581%25D8%25B1" title="شہر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شہر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit%25C3%25A0" title="Sità – wenecki" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sità" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="wenecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidn" title="Lidn – wepski" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Lidn" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="wepski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%25C3%25A0nh_ph%25E1%25BB%2591" title="Thành phố – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thành phố" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zif" title="Zif – wolapik" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Zif" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="wolapik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liin" title="Liin – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Liin" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veye_(djeyografeye)" title="Veye (djeyografeye) – waloński" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Veye (djeyografeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="waloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alijunapiapa%2527a" title="Alijunapiapa'a – wayúu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Alijunapiapa'a" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="wayúu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad" title="Stad – zachodnioflamandzki" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Stad" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="zachodnioflamandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syudad" title="Syudad – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Syudad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259F%258E%25E5%25B8%2582" title="城市 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="城市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorobha" title="Dorobha – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Dorobha" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A9%25D7%2598%25D7%2590%25D7%2598" title="שטאט – jidysz" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שטאט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidysz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Cl%25C3%25BA" title="Ìlú – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìlú" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259F%258E%25E5%25B8%2582" title="城市 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="城市" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25BBke" title="Sûke – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sûke" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad" title="Stad – zelandzki" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Stad" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miests" title="Miests – żmudzki" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Miests" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="żmudzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259F%258E%25E5%25B8%2582" title="城市 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="城市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%25A0%25C9%2599h%25C9%2599r" title="Šəhər – tałyski" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Šəhər" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="tałyski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 12 lis 2024, 08:49.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Treść udostępniana na licencji <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, jeśli nie podano inaczej.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Polityka prywatności</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">O Wikipedii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Korzystasz_z_Wikipedii_tylko_na_w%C5%82asn%C4%85_odpowiedzialno%C5%9B%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Korzystasz z Wikipedii tylko na własną odpowiedzialność</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Powszechne Zasady Postępowania</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dla deweloperów</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/pl.wikipedia.org">Statystyki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Oświadczenie o ciasteczkach</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Zasady użytkowania</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMiasto%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Wersja standardowa</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-l4gx7","wgBackendResponseTime":355,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.896","walltime":"1.108","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12528,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":187671,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":28812,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":49364,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":8,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 830.442 1 -total"," 19.54% 162.239 1 Szablon:Kontrola_autorytatywna"," 18.20% 151.154 18 Szablon:Cytuj_stronę"," 14.16% 117.565 1 Szablon:Mapa_lokalizacyjna"," 9.07% 75.362 10 Szablon:Cytuj"," 8.00% 66.463 3 Szablon:Projekt_siostrzany"," 7.67% 63.733 1 Szablon:Wikicytaty"," 7.27% 60.369 1 Szablon:Pierwszy_niepusty"," 7.23% 60.065 59 Szablon:Mapa_lokalizacyjna/punkt"," 6.27% 52.079 66 Szablon:R"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.367","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7401585,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"required = table#1 {\n}\nmap = \"świat\"\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Mumbaj”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Mumbaj\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 19.034722222222,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=19.034722222222_N_72.847777777778_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 72.847777777778,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 983.29691358025,\n [\"ry\"] = 275.97608024691,\n [\"size\"] = 27,\n [\"x\"] = 70.23549382716,\n [\"y\"] = 39.425154320988,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Szanghaj”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Szanghaj\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 31.233333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=31.233333333333_N_121.46666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 121.46666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1172.3703703704,\n [\"ry\"] = 228.53703703704,\n [\"size\"] = 26,\n [\"x\"] = 83.740740740741,\n [\"y\"] = 32.648148148148,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Karaczi”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Karaczi\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 24.851666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=24.851666666667_N_67.018055555556_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 67.018055555556,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"blisko centrum na prawo u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 960.62577160494,\n [\"ry\"] = 253.35462962963,\n [\"size\"] = 25,\n [\"x\"] = 68.61612654321,\n [\"y\"] = 36.193518518519,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „N.Delhi”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"N.Delhi\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 28.666666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=28.666666666667_N_77.216666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 77.216666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"top\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1000.287037037,\n [\"ry\"] = 238.51851851852,\n [\"size\"] = 24,\n [\"x\"] = 71.449074074074,\n [\"y\"] = 34.074074074074,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Stambuł”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Stambuł\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 41,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=41_N_29_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 29,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 812.77777777778,\n [\"ry\"] = 190.55555555556,\n [\"size\"] = 22,\n [\"x\"] = 58.055555555556,\n [\"y\"] = 27.222222222222,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „São Paulo”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"São Paulo\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = -23.5,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=23.5_S_46.616666666667_W_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = -46.616666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"blisko centrum po lewej na dole\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 518.71296296296,\n [\"ry\"] = 441.38888888889,\n [\"size\"] = 21,\n [\"x\"] = 37.050925925926,\n [\"y\"] = 63.055555555556,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Moskwa”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Moskwa\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 55.75,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=55.75_N_37.616666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 37.616666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"u góry nieco na prawo\",\n [\"rx\"] = 846.28703703704,\n [\"ry\"] = 133.19444444444,\n [\"size\"] = 20,\n [\"x\"] = 60.449074074074,\n [\"y\"] = 19.027777777778,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Seul”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Seul\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 37.55,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=37.55_N_126.98333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 126.98333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"u góry po prawej\",\n [\"position\"] = \"top\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1193.8240740741,\n [\"ry\"] = 203.97222222222,\n [\"size\"] = 20,\n [\"x\"] = 85.273148148148,\n [\"y\"] = 29.138888888889,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Pekin”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Pekin\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 39.9,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=39.9_N_116.38333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 116.38333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"u góry po prawej\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1152.6018518519,\n [\"ry\"] = 194.83333333333,\n [\"size\"] = 20,\n [\"x\"] = 82.328703703704,\n [\"y\"] = 27.833333333333,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Meksyk”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Meksyk\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 19.416666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=19.416666666667_N_99.133333333333_W_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = -99.133333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po lewej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 314.48148148148,\n [\"ry\"] = 274.49074074074,\n [\"size\"] = 17,\n [\"x\"] = 22.462962962963,\n [\"y\"] = 39.212962962963,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Tokio”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Tokio\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 35.683333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=35.683333333333_N_139.75_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 139.75,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1243.4722222222,\n [\"ry\"] = 211.23148148148,\n [\"size\"] = 17,\n [\"x\"] = 88.819444444444,\n [\"y\"] = 30.175925925926,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Dżakarta”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Dżakarta\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = -6.1666666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=6.1666666666667_S_106.83333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 106.83333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1115.462962963,\n [\"ry\"] = 373.98148148148,\n [\"size\"] = 16,\n [\"x\"] = 79.675925925926,\n [\"y\"] = 53.425925925926,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Nowy Jork”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Nowy Jork\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 40.7,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=40.7_N_74_W_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = -74,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"u góry po lewej\",\n [\"rx\"] = 412.22222222222,\n [\"ry\"] = 191.72222222222,\n [\"size\"] = 16,\n [\"x\"] = 29.444444444444,\n [\"y\"] = 27.388888888889,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Lagos”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Lagos\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 6.45,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=6.45_N_3.4_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 3.4,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"w centrum\",\n [\"rx\"] = 713.22222222222,\n [\"ry\"] = 324.91666666667,\n [\"size\"] = 15,\n [\"x\"] = 50.944444444444,\n [\"y\"] = 46.416666666667,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Kinszasa”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Kinszasa\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = -4.3166666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=4.3166666666667_S_15.3_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 15.3,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"w centrum\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 759.5,\n [\"ry\"] = 366.78703703704,\n [\"size\"] = 15,\n [\"x\"] = 54.25,\n [\"y\"] = 52.398148148148,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Teheran”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Teheran\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 35.7,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=35.7_N_51.416666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 51.416666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"blisko centrum na prawo u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"top\",\n [\"rx\"] = 899.9537037037,\n [\"ry\"] = 211.16666666667,\n [\"size\"] = 15,\n [\"x\"] = 64.282407407407,\n [\"y\"] = 30.166666666667,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Lima”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Lima\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = -12.033333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=12.033333333333_S_77.016666666667_W_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = -77.016666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po lewej\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 400.49074074074,\n [\"ry\"] = 396.7962962963,\n [\"size\"] = 15,\n [\"x\"] = 28.606481481481,\n [\"y\"] = 56.685185185185,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Londyn”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Londyn\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 51.5,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=51.5_N_0.11666666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 0.11666666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 700.4537037037,\n [\"ry\"] = 149.72222222222,\n [\"size\"] = 15,\n [\"x\"] = 50.032407407407,\n [\"y\"] = 21.388888888889,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Bogota”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Bogota\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 4.5833333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=4.5833333333333_N_74.066666666667_W_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = -74.066666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po lewej\",\n [\"rx\"] = 411.96296296296,\n [\"ry\"] = 332.17592592593,\n [\"size\"] = 14,\n [\"x\"] = 29.425925925926,\n [\"y\"] = 47.453703703704,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Hongkong”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Hongkong\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 22.333333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=22.333333333333_N_114.2_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 114.2,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1144.1111111111,\n [\"ry\"] = 263.14814814815,\n [\"size\"] = 13,\n [\"x\"] = 81.722222222222,\n [\"y\"] = 37.592592592593,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Bangkok”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EBangkok\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 13.583333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=13.583333333333_N_100.51666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 100.51666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej\",\n [\"position\"] = \"top\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1090.8981481481,\n [\"ry\"] = 297.17592592593,\n [\"size\"] = 13,\n [\"x\"] = 77.921296296296,\n [\"y\"] = 42.453703703704,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Kair”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Kair\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 30.05,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=30.05_N_31.233333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 31.233333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"blisko centrum u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"right\",\n [\"rx\"] = 821.46296296296,\n [\"ry\"] = 233.13888888889,\n [\"size\"] = 13,\n [\"x\"] = 58.675925925926,\n [\"y\"] = 33.305555555556,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Dhaka”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Dhaka\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 23.733333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=23.733333333333_N_90.383333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 90.383333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1051.4907407407,\n [\"ry\"] = 257.7037037037,\n [\"size\"] = 13,\n [\"x\"] = 75.106481481481,\n [\"y\"] = 36.814814814815,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Ho Chi Minh”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Ho Chi Minh\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 10.75,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=10.75_N_106.66666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 106.66666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1114.8148148148,\n [\"ry\"] = 308.19444444444,\n [\"size\"] = 13,\n [\"x\"] = 79.62962962963,\n [\"y\"] = 44.027777777778,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Lahaur”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Lahaur\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 31.6,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=31.6_N_74.3_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 74.3,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 988.94444444444,\n [\"ry\"] = 227.11111111111,\n [\"size\"] = 12,\n [\"x\"] = 70.638888888889,\n [\"y\"] = 32.444444444444,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Rio de Janeiro”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Rio de Janeiro\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = -22.9,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=22.9_S_43.2_W_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = -43.2,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"blisko centrum po lewej na dole\",\n [\"rx\"] = 532,\n [\"ry\"] = 439.05555555556,\n [\"size\"] = 12,\n [\"x\"] = 38,\n [\"y\"] = 62.722222222222,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Tiencin”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003ETiencin\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 39.133333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=39.133333333333_N_117.18333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 117.18333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"u góry po prawej\",\n [\"position\"] = \"top\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1155.712962963,\n [\"ry\"] = 197.81481481481,\n [\"size\"] = 11,\n [\"x\"] = 82.550925925926,\n [\"y\"] = 28.259259259259,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Bagdad”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Bagdad\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 33.333333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=33.333333333333_N_44.383333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 44.383333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"blisko centrum na prawo u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 872.60185185185,\n [\"ry\"] = 220.37037037037,\n [\"size\"] = 10,\n [\"x\"] = 62.328703703704,\n [\"y\"] = 31.481481481481,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Bangalore”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"\u003Cbr\u003EBangalore\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 12.616666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=12.616666666667_N_77.933333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 77.933333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1003.0740740741,\n [\"ry\"] = 300.93518518519,\n [\"size\"] = 10,\n [\"x\"] = 71.648148148148,\n [\"y\"] = 42.990740740741,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Kalkuta”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Kalkuta\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 22.566666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=22.566666666667_N_88.366666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 88.366666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1043.6481481481,\n [\"ry\"] = 262.24074074074,\n [\"size\"] = 10,\n [\"x\"] = 74.546296296296,\n [\"y\"] = 37.462962962963,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Santiago”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Santiago\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = -33.466666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=33.466666666667_S_70.666666666667_W_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = -70.666666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"blisko centrum po lewej na dole\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 425.18518518519,\n [\"ry\"] = 480.14814814815,\n [\"size\"] = 9,\n [\"x\"] = 30.37037037037,\n [\"y\"] = 68.592592592593,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Singapur”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Singapur\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 1.3666666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=1.3666666666667_N_103.8_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 103.8,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1103.6666666667,\n [\"ry\"] = 344.68518518519,\n [\"size\"] = 9,\n [\"x\"] = 78.833333333333,\n [\"y\"] = 49.240740740741,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Kanton”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Kanton\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 23.1,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=23.1_N_113.26666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 113.26666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1140.4814814815,\n [\"ry\"] = 260.16666666667,\n [\"size\"] = 9,\n [\"x\"] = 81.462962962963,\n [\"y\"] = 37.166666666667,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Petersburg”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Petersburg\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 59.933333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=59.933333333333_N_30.266666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 30.266666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"u góry\",\n [\"rx\"] = 817.7037037037,\n [\"ry\"] = 116.92592592593,\n [\"size\"] = 9,\n [\"x\"] = 58.407407407407,\n [\"y\"] = 16.703703703704,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Wuhan”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Wuhan\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 30.55,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=30.55_N_114.28333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 114.28333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1144.4351851852,\n [\"ry\"] = 231.19444444444,\n [\"size\"] = 9,\n [\"x\"] = 81.74537037037,\n [\"y\"] = 33.027777777778,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Ćennaj”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Ćennaj\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 13.083333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=13.083333333333_N_80.283333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 80.283333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1012.212962963,\n [\"ry\"] = 299.12037037037,\n [\"size\"] = 9,\n [\"x\"] = 72.300925925926,\n [\"y\"] = 42.731481481481,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Rijad”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Rijad\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 24.7,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=24.7_N_46.716666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 46.716666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"blisko centrum na prawo u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 881.67592592593,\n [\"ry\"] = 253.94444444444,\n [\"size\"] = 8,\n [\"x\"] = 62.976851851852,\n [\"y\"] = 36.277777777778,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „S.”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"S.\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 21.166666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=21.166666666667_N_72.833333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 72.833333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"right\",\n [\"rx\"] = 983.24074074074,\n [\"ry\"] = 267.68518518519,\n [\"size\"] = 8,\n [\"x\"] = 70.231481481481,\n [\"y\"] = 38.240740740741,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Aleksandria”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Aleksandria\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 31.2,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=31.2_N_29.916666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 29.916666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"blisko centrum u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 816.34259259259,\n [\"ry\"] = 228.66666666667,\n [\"size\"] = 8,\n [\"x\"] = 58.310185185185,\n [\"y\"] = 32.666666666667,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Rangun”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Rangun\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 16.8,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=16.8_N_96.15_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 96.15,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1073.9166666667,\n [\"ry\"] = 284.66666666667,\n [\"size\"] = 8,\n [\"x\"] = 76.708333333333,\n [\"y\"] = 40.666666666667,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Hajdarabad”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Hajdarabad\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 17.366666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=17.366666666667_N_78.466666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 78.466666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej\",\n [\"position\"] = \"right\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1005.1481481481,\n [\"ry\"] = 282.46296296296,\n [\"size\"] = 8,\n [\"x\"] = 71.796296296296,\n [\"y\"] = 40.351851851852,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Shenyang”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Shenyang\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 41.733333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=41.733333333333_N_123.88333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 123.88333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"u góry po prawej\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1181.7685185185,\n [\"ry\"] = 187.7037037037,\n [\"size\"] = 7,\n [\"x\"] = 84.412037037037,\n [\"y\"] = 26.814814814815,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „A.”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"\u003Cbr\u003EA.\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 23.033333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=23.033333333333_N_72.616666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 72.616666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"top\",\n [\"rx\"] = 982.39814814815,\n [\"ry\"] = 260.42592592593,\n [\"size\"] = 7,\n [\"x\"] = 70.171296296296,\n [\"y\"] = 37.203703703704,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Ankara”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Ankara\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 39.95,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=39.95_N_32.85_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 32.85,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"right\",\n [\"rx\"] = 827.75,\n [\"ry\"] = 194.63888888889,\n [\"size\"] = 7,\n [\"x\"] = 59.125,\n [\"y\"] = 27.805555555556,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Johannesburg”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Johannesburg\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = -26.133333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=26.133333333333_S_27.9_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 27.9,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"blisko centrum na dole\",\n [\"rx\"] = 808.5,\n [\"ry\"] = 451.62962962963,\n [\"size\"] = 7,\n [\"x\"] = 57.75,\n [\"y\"] = 64.518518518519,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Los Angeles”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Los Angeles\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 34.05,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=34.05_N_118.23333333333_W_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = -118.23333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po lewej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 240.2037037037,\n [\"ry\"] = 217.58333333333,\n [\"size\"] = 7,\n [\"x\"] = 17.157407407407,\n [\"y\"] = 31.083333333333,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Abidżan”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Abidżan\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 5.3333333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=5.3333333333333_N_4.0333333333333_W_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = -4.0333333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"w centrum\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 684.31481481481,\n [\"ry\"] = 329.25925925926,\n [\"size\"] = 7,\n [\"x\"] = 48.87962962963,\n [\"y\"] = 47.037037037037,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Jokohama”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Jokohama\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 35.433333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=35.433333333333_N_139.63333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 139.63333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"right\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1243.0185185185,\n [\"ry\"] = 212.2037037037,\n [\"size\"] = 7,\n [\"x\"] = 88.787037037037,\n [\"y\"] = 30.314814814815,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Pusan”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EPusan\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 35.1,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=35.1_N_129.03333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 129.03333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"top\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1201.7962962963,\n [\"ry\"] = 213.5,\n [\"size\"] = 7,\n [\"x\"] = 85.842592592593,\n [\"y\"] = 30.5,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Kapsztad”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Kapsztad\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = -33.983333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=33.983333333333_S_18.416666666667_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 18.416666666667,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"blisko centrum na dole\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 771.62037037037,\n [\"ry\"] = 482.15740740741,\n [\"size\"] = 6,\n [\"x\"] = 55.115740740741,\n [\"y\"] = 68.87962962963,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Durban”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Durban\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = -29.883333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=29.883333333333_S_31.05_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 31.05,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"blisko centrum na dole\",\n [\"rx\"] = 820.75,\n [\"ry\"] = 466.21296296296,\n [\"size\"] = 6,\n [\"x\"] = 58.625,\n [\"y\"] = 66.601851851852,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Berlin”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Berlin\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 52.516666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=52.516666666667_N_13.4_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 13.4,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 752.11111111111,\n [\"ry\"] = 145.76851851852,\n [\"size\"] = 6,\n [\"x\"] = 53.722222222222,\n [\"y\"] = 20.824074074074,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Pune”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Pune\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 18.533333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=18.533333333333_N_72.85_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 72.85,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 983.30555555556,\n [\"ry\"] = 277.92592592593,\n [\"size\"] = 6,\n [\"x\"] = 70.236111111111,\n [\"y\"] = 39.703703703704,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Pjongjang”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Pjongjang\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 39.016666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=39.016666666667_N_125.75_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 125.75,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"u góry po prawej\",\n [\"position\"] = \"right\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1189.0277777778,\n [\"ry\"] = 198.26851851852,\n [\"size\"] = 6,\n [\"x\"] = 84.930555555556,\n [\"y\"] = 28.324074074074,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Madryt”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Madryt\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 40.383333333333,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=40.383333333333_N_3.6833333333333_W_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = -3.6833333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"u góry\",\n [\"rx\"] = 685.67592592593,\n [\"ry\"] = 192.9537037037,\n [\"size\"] = 6,\n [\"x\"] = 48.976851851852,\n [\"y\"] = 27.564814814815,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Kanpur”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EKanpur\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 26.45,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=26.45_N_80.333333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 80.333333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"top\",\n [\"rx\"] = 1012.4074074074,\n [\"ry\"] = 247.13888888889,\n [\"size\"] = 6,\n [\"x\"] = 72.314814814815,\n [\"y\"] = 35.305555555556,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Jaipur”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Jaipur\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 26.916666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=26.916666666667_N_75.8_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 75.8,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po prawej nieco u góry\",\n [\"position\"] = \"left\",\n [\"rx\"] = 994.77777777778,\n [\"ry\"] = 245.32407407407,\n [\"size\"] = 6,\n [\"x\"] = 71.055555555556,\n [\"y\"] = 35.046296296296,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Buenos Aires”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Buenos Aires\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = -34.6,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=34.6_S_58.383333333333_W_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = -58.383333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"blisko centrum po lewej na dole\",\n [\"rx\"] = 472.9537037037,\n [\"ry\"] = 484.55555555556,\n [\"size\"] = 6,\n [\"x\"] = 33.782407407407,\n [\"y\"] = 69.222222222222,\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Nairobi”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Nairobi\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = -1.2666666666667,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=1.2666666666667_S_36.783333333333_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 36.783333333333,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Red pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"blisko centrum na prawo\",\n [\"rx\"] = 843.0462962963,\n [\"ry\"] = 354.92592592593,\n [\"size\"] = 6,\n [\"x\"] = 60.217592592593,\n [\"y\"] = 50.703703703704,\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Prace Geograficzne\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"PNAS\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-vdqzf","timestamp":"20241126095538","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Miasto","url":"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miasto","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q515","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q515","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wsp\u00f3\u0142tw\u00f3rcy projekt\u00f3w Fundacji Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-06-14T10:24:52Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/52\/Empire_State_Building_-_Flickr_id_22883032530.jpg","headline":"znaczny obszar g\u0119sto zabudowany"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('pl', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>