CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-ZA"> <head> <script async src='https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'></script>   <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { var mapping1 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([992, 0], [[1, 1], [1, 2]]) .build(); var mapping2 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([992, 0], [[970, 90], [728, 90], [1000, 90]]) .addSize([768, 0], [[320, 100], [728, 90]]) .addSize([400, 0], [[320, 100]]) .build(); var mapping3 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([992, 0], [[970, 250], [970, 90], [728, 90], [1000, 250], [1000, 90]]) .addSize([768, 0], [[320, 100], [728, 90]]) .addSize([400, 0], [[320, 100], [320, 50]]) .build(); var mapping4 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([992, 0], [300, 250]) .addSize([400, 0], [300, 250]) .build(); var mapping5 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([992, 0], [320, 100]) .addSize([400, 0], [320, 100]) .build(); var mapping7 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([992, 0], [[300, 600], [300, 250]]) .addSize([400, 0], [[300, 600], [300, 250]]) .build(); googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/section/div-gpt-wallpaper', [1,1], 'div-gpt-ad-wallpaper') .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .setTargeting('Pos', ['Wallpaper']) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/section/div-gpt-ad-banner-1', [320,100], 'div-gpt-ad-banner-1') .defineSizeMapping(mapping2) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/section/div-gpt-ad-banner-2', [320,100], 'div-gpt-ad-banner-2') .defineSizeMapping(mapping3) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/section/div-gpt-ad-block-1', [320,100], 'div-gpt-ad-block-1') .defineSizeMapping(mapping4) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/section/div-gpt-ad-block-2', [300,250], 'div-gpt-ad-block-2') .defineSizeMapping(mapping7) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/section/div-gpt-ad-block-3', [300,250], 'div-gpt-ad-block-3') .defineSizeMapping(mapping4) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/section/div-gpt-thirdparty', [1,2], 'div-gpt-ad-thirdparty') .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('Pos', ['Thirdparty']); // TYPE: PAGE googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); // googletag.pubads().setForceSafeFrame(false); googletag.pubads().setCentering(true); googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({ fetchMarginPercent: 400, // Fetch slots within 5 viewports. renderMarginPercent: 200, // Render slots within 2 viewports. mobileScaling: 2.0 // Double the above values on mobile. }); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script>  <meta property="og:image" content="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/24fe78d8-mg_logo_white_bg.png" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://mg.co.za/about/"> <meta property="og:type" content="Website"> <meta property="og:title" content="About Us"> <meta property="og:description" content="About Us Welcome to the Mail & Guardian, South Africa’s premier weekly newspaper and website. Since our founding in 1985, we have been committed to delivering quality investigative journalism, insightful commentary and comprehensive news coverage to our readers. With a strong focus on political analysis, Southern African news, the environment, local arts, music and popular […]"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2203444023255052"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">  <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/24fe78d8-mg_logo_white_bg.png" />  <script async src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/e588797e94.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="A437A16184F18CD99B8D3E3D44D2E748" />  <script> (function(w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-5R89TX6'); </script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4T82DGZ11F"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-4T82DGZ11F'); </script>  <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <title>About Us – The Mail & Guardian</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Mail & Guardian » Feed" href="https://mg.co.za/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Mail & Guardian » Comments Feed" href="https://mg.co.za/comments/feed/" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='xoo-aff-style-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/easy-login-woocommerce/xoo-form-fields-fw/assets/css/xoo-aff-style.css?ver=1.7' media='all' /> <style id='xoo-aff-style-inline-css'> .xoo-aff-input-group .xoo-aff-input-icon{ background-color: #eee; color: #555; max-width: 40px; min-width: 40px; border-color: #ccc; border-width: 1px; font-size: 14px; } .xoo-aff-group{ margin-bottom: 15px; } .xoo-aff-group input[type="text"], .xoo-aff-group input[type="password"], .xoo-aff-group input[type="email"], .xoo-aff-group input[type="number"], .xoo-aff-group select, .xoo-aff-group select + .select2, .xoo-aff-group input[type="tel"]{ background-color: #fff; color: #777; border-width: 1px; border-color: #cccccc; height: 50px; } .xoo-aff-group input[type="text"]::placeholder, .xoo-aff-group input[type="password"]::placeholder, .xoo-aff-group input[type="email"]::placeholder, .xoo-aff-group input[type="number"]::placeholder, .xoo-aff-group select::placeholder, .xoo-aff-group input[type="tel"]::placeholder, .xoo-aff-group .select2-selection__rendered, .xoo-aff-group .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered{ color: #777; } .xoo-aff-group input[type="text"]:focus, .xoo-aff-group input[type="password"]:focus, .xoo-aff-group input[type="email"]:focus, .xoo-aff-group input[type="number"]:focus, .xoo-aff-group select:focus, .xoo-aff-group select + .select2:focus, .xoo-aff-group input[type="tel"]:focus{ background-color: #ededed; color: #000; } [placeholder]:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder{ color: #000!important; } .xoo-aff-input-icon + input[type="text"], .xoo-aff-input-icon + input[type="password"], .xoo-aff-input-icon + input[type="email"], .xoo-aff-input-icon + input[type="number"], .xoo-aff-input-icon + select, .xoo-aff-input-icon + select + .select2, .xoo-aff-input-icon + input[type="tel"]{ border-bottom-left-radius: 0; border-top-left-radius: 0; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='xoo-aff-font-awesome5-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/easy-login-woocommerce/xoo-form-fields-fw/lib/fontawesome5/css/all.min.css?ver=6.6.1' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.1' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-right{border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-center{border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-plain{border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='xoo-el-style-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/easy-login-woocommerce/assets/css/xoo-el-style.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <style id='xoo-el-style-inline-css'> .xoo-el-form-container button.btn.button.xoo-el-action-btn{ background-color: #d11000; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; height: 40px; } .xoo-el-container:not(.xoo-el-style-slider) .xoo-el-inmodal{ max-width: 800px; max-height: 600px; } .xoo-el-style-slider .xoo-el-modal{ transform: translateX(800px); max-width: 800px; } .xoo-el-sidebar{ background-image: url(https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Mg_africa-1.jpg); min-width: 40%; } .xoo-el-main, .xoo-el-main a , .xoo-el-main label{ color: #000000; } .xoo-el-srcont{ background-color: #ffffff; } .xoo-el-form-container ul.xoo-el-tabs li.xoo-el-active { background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff; } .xoo-el-form-container ul.xoo-el-tabs li{ background-color: #eeeeee; color: #000000; font-size: 16px; padding: 12px 20px; } .xoo-el-main{ padding: 40px 30px; } .xoo-el-form-container button.xoo-el-action-btn:not(.button){ font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; } .xoo-el-modal:before { vertical-align: middle; } .xoo-el-style-slider .xoo-el-srcont { justify-content: center; } .xoo-el-style-slider .xoo-el-main{ padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; } .xoo-el-popup-active .xoo-el-opac{ opacity: 0.7; background-color: #000000; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='xoo-el-fonts-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/easy-login-woocommerce/assets/css/xoo-el-fonts.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cmplz-general-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/complianz-gdpr/assets/css/cookieblocker.min.css?ver=1728908696' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='parent-style-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/themes/mg/style.css?v=170724&ver=6.6.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/themes/mg/fontawesome/css/all.min.css?ver=1.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='main-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/themes/MG-Boot-Child/assets/dist/main.css?ver=1.0' media='all' /> <script src="https://mg.co.za/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://mg.co.za/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script id="xoo-aff-js-js-extra"> var xoo_aff_localize = {"adminurl":"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","countries":"{\"AF\":\"Afghanistan\",\"AX\":\"\u00c5land Islands\",\"AL\":\"Albania\",\"DZ\":\"Algeria\",\"AS\":\"American Samoa\",\"AD\":\"Andorra\",\"AO\":\"Angola\",\"AI\":\"Anguilla\",\"AQ\":\"Antarctica\",\"AG\":\"Antigua and Barbuda\",\"AR\":\"Argentina\",\"AM\":\"Armenia\",\"AW\":\"Aruba\",\"AU\":\"Australia\",\"AT\":\"Austria\",\"AZ\":\"Azerbaijan\",\"BS\":\"Bahamas\",\"BH\":\"Bahrain\",\"BD\":\"Bangladesh\",\"BB\":\"Barbados\",\"BY\":\"Belarus\",\"BE\":\"Belgium\",\"PW\":\"Belau\",\"BZ\":\"Belize\",\"BJ\":\"Benin\",\"BM\":\"Bermuda\",\"BT\":\"Bhutan\",\"BO\":\"Bolivia\",\"BQ\":\"Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba\",\"BA\":\"Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\"BW\":\"Botswana\",\"BV\":\"Bouvet Island\",\"BR\":\"Brazil\",\"IO\":\"British Indian Ocean Territory\",\"BN\":\"Brunei\",\"BG\":\"Bulgaria\",\"BF\":\"Burkina Faso\",\"BI\":\"Burundi\",\"KH\":\"Cambodia\",\"CM\":\"Cameroon\",\"CA\":\"Canada\",\"CV\":\"Cape Verde\",\"KY\":\"Cayman Islands\",\"CF\":\"Central African Republic\",\"TD\":\"Chad\",\"CL\":\"Chile\",\"CN\":\"China\",\"CX\":\"Christmas Island\",\"CC\":\"Cocos (Keeling) Islands\",\"CO\":\"Colombia\",\"KM\":\"Comoros\",\"CG\":\"Congo (Brazzaville)\",\"CD\":\"Congo (Kinshasa)\",\"CK\":\"Cook Islands\",\"CR\":\"Costa Rica\",\"HR\":\"Croatia\",\"CU\":\"Cuba\",\"CW\":\"Cura\u00e7ao\",\"CY\":\"Cyprus\",\"CZ\":\"Czech Republic\",\"DK\":\"Denmark\",\"DJ\":\"Djibouti\",\"DM\":\"Dominica\",\"DO\":\"Dominican Republic\",\"EC\":\"Ecuador\",\"EG\":\"Egypt\",\"SV\":\"El Salvador\",\"GQ\":\"Equatorial Guinea\",\"ER\":\"Eritrea\",\"EE\":\"Estonia\",\"ET\":\"Ethiopia\",\"FK\":\"Falkland Islands\",\"FO\":\"Faroe Islands\",\"FJ\":\"Fiji\",\"FI\":\"Finland\",\"FR\":\"France\",\"GF\":\"French Guiana\",\"PF\":\"French Polynesia\",\"TF\":\"French Southern Territories\",\"GA\":\"Gabon\",\"GM\":\"Gambia\",\"GE\":\"Georgia\",\"DE\":\"Germany\",\"GH\":\"Ghana\",\"GI\":\"Gibraltar\",\"GR\":\"Greece\",\"GL\":\"Greenland\",\"GD\":\"Grenada\",\"GP\":\"Guadeloupe\",\"GU\":\"Guam\",\"GT\":\"Guatemala\",\"GG\":\"Guernsey\",\"GN\":\"Guinea\",\"GW\":\"Guinea-Bissau\",\"GY\":\"Guyana\",\"HT\":\"Haiti\",\"HM\":\"Heard Island and McDonald Islands\",\"HN\":\"Honduras\",\"HK\":\"Hong Kong\",\"HU\":\"Hungary\",\"IS\":\"Iceland\",\"IN\":\"India\",\"ID\":\"Indonesia\",\"IR\":\"Iran\",\"IQ\":\"Iraq\",\"IE\":\"Ireland\",\"IM\":\"Isle of Man\",\"IL\":\"Israel\",\"IT\":\"Italy\",\"CI\":\"Ivory Coast\",\"JM\":\"Jamaica\",\"JP\":\"Japan\",\"JE\":\"Jersey\",\"JO\":\"Jordan\",\"KZ\":\"Kazakhstan\",\"KE\":\"Kenya\",\"KI\":\"Kiribati\",\"KW\":\"Kuwait\",\"KG\":\"Kyrgyzstan\",\"LA\":\"Laos\",\"LV\":\"Latvia\",\"LB\":\"Lebanon\",\"LS\":\"Lesotho\",\"LR\":\"Liberia\",\"LY\":\"Libya\",\"LI\":\"Liechtenstein\",\"LT\":\"Lithuania\",\"LU\":\"Luxembourg\",\"MO\":\"Macao S.A.R., China\",\"MK\":\"North Macedonia\",\"MG\":\"Madagascar\",\"MW\":\"Malawi\",\"MY\":\"Malaysia\",\"MV\":\"Maldives\",\"ML\":\"Mali\",\"MT\":\"Malta\",\"MH\":\"Marshall Islands\",\"MQ\":\"Martinique\",\"MR\":\"Mauritania\",\"MU\":\"Mauritius\",\"YT\":\"Mayotte\",\"MX\":\"Mexico\",\"FM\":\"Micronesia\",\"MD\":\"Moldova\",\"MC\":\"Monaco\",\"MN\":\"Mongolia\",\"ME\":\"Montenegro\",\"MS\":\"Montserrat\",\"MA\":\"Morocco\",\"MZ\":\"Mozambique\",\"MM\":\"Myanmar\",\"NA\":\"Namibia\",\"NR\":\"Nauru\",\"NP\":\"Nepal\",\"NL\":\"Netherlands\",\"NC\":\"New Caledonia\",\"NZ\":\"New Zealand\",\"NI\":\"Nicaragua\",\"NE\":\"Niger\",\"NG\":\"Nigeria\",\"NU\":\"Niue\",\"NF\":\"Norfolk Island\",\"MP\":\"Northern Mariana Islands\",\"KP\":\"North Korea\",\"NO\":\"Norway\",\"OM\":\"Oman\",\"PK\":\"Pakistan\",\"PS\":\"Palestinian Territory\",\"PA\":\"Panama\",\"PG\":\"Papua New Guinea\",\"PY\":\"Paraguay\",\"PE\":\"Peru\",\"PH\":\"Philippines\",\"PN\":\"Pitcairn\",\"PL\":\"Poland\",\"PT\":\"Portugal\",\"PR\":\"Puerto Rico\",\"QA\":\"Qatar\",\"RE\":\"Reunion\",\"RO\":\"Romania\",\"RU\":\"Russia\",\"RW\":\"Rwanda\",\"BL\":\"Saint Barth\u00e9lemy\",\"SH\":\"Saint Helena\",\"KN\":\"Saint Kitts and Nevis\",\"LC\":\"Saint Lucia\",\"MF\":\"Saint Martin (French part)\",\"SX\":\"Saint Martin (Dutch part)\",\"PM\":\"Saint Pierre and Miquelon\",\"VC\":\"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines\",\"SM\":\"San Marino\",\"ST\":\"S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe\",\"SA\":\"Saudi Arabia\",\"SN\":\"Senegal\",\"RS\":\"Serbia\",\"SC\":\"Seychelles\",\"SL\":\"Sierra Leone\",\"SG\":\"Singapore\",\"SK\":\"Slovakia\",\"SI\":\"Slovenia\",\"SB\":\"Solomon Islands\",\"SO\":\"Somalia\",\"ZA\":\"South Africa\",\"GS\":\"South Georgia\\\/Sandwich Islands\",\"KR\":\"South Korea\",\"SS\":\"South Sudan\",\"ES\":\"Spain\",\"LK\":\"Sri Lanka\",\"SD\":\"Sudan\",\"SR\":\"Suriname\",\"SJ\":\"Svalbard and Jan Mayen\",\"SZ\":\"Swaziland\",\"SE\":\"Sweden\",\"CH\":\"Switzerland\",\"SY\":\"Syria\",\"TW\":\"Taiwan\",\"TJ\":\"Tajikistan\",\"TZ\":\"Tanzania\",\"TH\":\"Thailand\",\"TL\":\"Timor-Leste\",\"TG\":\"Togo\",\"TK\":\"Tokelau\",\"TO\":\"Tonga\",\"TT\":\"Trinidad and Tobago\",\"TN\":\"Tunisia\",\"TR\":\"Turkey\",\"TM\":\"Turkmenistan\",\"TC\":\"Turks and Caicos Islands\",\"TV\":\"Tuvalu\",\"UG\":\"Uganda\",\"UA\":\"Ukraine\",\"AE\":\"United Arab Emirates\",\"GB\":\"United Kingdom (UK)\",\"US\":\"United States (US)\",\"UM\":\"United States (US) Minor Outlying Islands\",\"UY\":\"Uruguay\",\"UZ\":\"Uzbekistan\",\"VU\":\"Vanuatu\",\"VA\":\"Vatican\",\"VE\":\"Venezuela\",\"VN\":\"Vietnam\",\"VG\":\"Virgin Islands (British)\",\"VI\":\"Virgin Islands (US)\",\"WF\":\"Wallis and Futuna\",\"EH\":\"Western Sahara\",\"WS\":\"Samoa\",\"YE\":\"Yemen\",\"ZM\":\"Zambia\",\"ZW\":\"Zimbabwe\"}","states":"{\"AF\":[],\"AO\":{\"BGO\":\"Bengo\",\"BLU\":\"Benguela\",\"BIE\":\"Bi\\u00e9\",\"CAB\":\"Cabinda\",\"CNN\":\"Cunene\",\"HUA\":\"Huambo\",\"HUI\":\"Hu\\u00edla\",\"CCU\":\"Kuando Kubango\",\"CNO\":\"Kwanza-Norte\",\"CUS\":\"Kwanza-Sul\",\"LUA\":\"Luanda\",\"LNO\":\"Lunda-Norte\",\"LSU\":\"Lunda-Sul\",\"MAL\":\"Malanje\",\"MOX\":\"Moxico\",\"NAM\":\"Namibe\",\"UIG\":\"U\\u00edge\",\"ZAI\":\"Zaire\"},\"AR\":{\"C\":\"Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires\",\"B\":\"Buenos Aires\",\"K\":\"Catamarca\",\"H\":\"Chaco\",\"U\":\"Chubut\",\"X\":\"C\u00f3rdoba\",\"W\":\"Corrientes\",\"E\":\"Entre R\u00edos\",\"P\":\"Formosa\",\"Y\":\"Jujuy\",\"L\":\"La Pampa\",\"F\":\"La Rioja\",\"M\":\"Mendoza\",\"N\":\"Misiones\",\"Q\":\"Neuqu\u00e9n\",\"R\":\"R\u00edo Negro\",\"A\":\"Salta\",\"J\":\"San Juan\",\"D\":\"San Luis\",\"Z\":\"Santa Cruz\",\"S\":\"Santa Fe\",\"G\":\"Santiago del Estero\",\"V\":\"Tierra del Fuego\",\"T\":\"Tucum\u00e1n\"},\"AT\":[],\"AU\":{\"ACT\":\"Australian Capital Territory\",\"NSW\":\"New South Wales\",\"NT\":\"Northern Territory\",\"QLD\":\"Queensland\",\"SA\":\"South Australia\",\"TAS\":\"Tasmania\",\"VIC\":\"Victoria\",\"WA\":\"Western Australia\"},\"AX\":[],\"BD\":{\"BD-05\":\"Bagerhat\",\"BD-01\":\"Bandarban\",\"BD-02\":\"Barguna\",\"BD-06\":\"Barishal\",\"BD-07\":\"Bhola\",\"BD-03\":\"Bogura\",\"BD-04\":\"Brahmanbaria\",\"BD-09\":\"Chandpur\",\"BD-10\":\"Chattogram\",\"BD-12\":\"Chuadanga\",\"BD-11\":\"Cox's Bazar\",\"BD-08\":\"Cumilla\",\"BD-13\":\"Dhaka\",\"BD-14\":\"Dinajpur\",\"BD-15\":\"Faridpur \",\"BD-16\":\"Feni\",\"BD-19\":\"Gaibandha\",\"BD-18\":\"Gazipur\",\"BD-17\":\"Gopalganj\",\"BD-20\":\"Habiganj\",\"BD-21\":\"Jamalpur\",\"BD-22\":\"Jashore\",\"BD-25\":\"Jhalokati\",\"BD-23\":\"Jhenaidah\",\"BD-24\":\"Joypurhat\",\"BD-29\":\"Khagrachhari\",\"BD-27\":\"Khulna\",\"BD-26\":\"Kishoreganj\",\"BD-28\":\"Kurigram\",\"BD-30\":\"Kushtia\",\"BD-31\":\"Lakshmipur\",\"BD-32\":\"Lalmonirhat\",\"BD-36\":\"Madaripur\",\"BD-37\":\"Magura\",\"BD-33\":\"Manikganj \",\"BD-39\":\"Meherpur\",\"BD-38\":\"Moulvibazar\",\"BD-35\":\"Munshiganj\",\"BD-34\":\"Mymensingh\",\"BD-48\":\"Naogaon\",\"BD-43\":\"Narail\",\"BD-40\":\"Narayanganj\",\"BD-42\":\"Narsingdi\",\"BD-44\":\"Natore\",\"BD-45\":\"Nawabganj\",\"BD-41\":\"Netrakona\",\"BD-46\":\"Nilphamari\",\"BD-47\":\"Noakhali\",\"BD-49\":\"Pabna\",\"BD-52\":\"Panchagarh\",\"BD-51\":\"Patuakhali\",\"BD-50\":\"Pirojpur\",\"BD-53\":\"Rajbari\",\"BD-54\":\"Rajshahi\",\"BD-56\":\"Rangamati\",\"BD-55\":\"Rangpur\",\"BD-58\":\"Satkhira\",\"BD-62\":\"Shariatpur\",\"BD-57\":\"Sherpur\",\"BD-59\":\"Sirajganj\",\"BD-61\":\"Sunamganj\",\"BD-60\":\"Sylhet\",\"BD-63\":\"Tangail\",\"BD-64\":\"Thakurgaon\"},\"BE\":[],\"BG\":{\"BG-01\":\"Blagoevgrad\",\"BG-02\":\"Burgas\",\"BG-08\":\"Dobrich\",\"BG-07\":\"Gabrovo\",\"BG-26\":\"Haskovo\",\"BG-09\":\"Kardzhali\",\"BG-10\":\"Kyustendil\",\"BG-11\":\"Lovech\",\"BG-12\":\"Montana\",\"BG-13\":\"Pazardzhik\",\"BG-14\":\"Pernik\",\"BG-15\":\"Pleven\",\"BG-16\":\"Plovdiv\",\"BG-17\":\"Razgrad\",\"BG-18\":\"Ruse\",\"BG-27\":\"Shumen\",\"BG-19\":\"Silistra\",\"BG-20\":\"Sliven\",\"BG-21\":\"Smolyan\",\"BG-23\":\"Sofia\",\"BG-22\":\"Sofia-Grad\",\"BG-24\":\"Stara Zagora\",\"BG-25\":\"Targovishte\",\"BG-03\":\"Varna\",\"BG-04\":\"Veliko Tarnovo\",\"BG-05\":\"Vidin\",\"BG-06\":\"Vratsa\",\"BG-28\":\"Yambol\"},\"BH\":[],\"BI\":[],\"BO\":{\"B\":\"Chuquisaca\",\"H\":\"Beni\",\"C\":\"Cochabamba\",\"L\":\"La Paz\",\"O\":\"Oruro\",\"N\":\"Pando\",\"P\":\"Potos\\u00ed\",\"S\":\"Santa Cruz\",\"T\":\"Tarija\"},\"BR\":{\"AC\":\"Acre\",\"AL\":\"Alagoas\",\"AP\":\"Amap\u00e1\",\"AM\":\"Amazonas\",\"BA\":\"Bahia\",\"CE\":\"Cear\u00e1\",\"DF\":\"Distrito Federal\",\"ES\":\"Esp\u00edrito Santo\",\"GO\":\"Goi\u00e1s\",\"MA\":\"Maranh\u00e3o\",\"MT\":\"Mato Grosso\",\"MS\":\"Mato Grosso do Sul\",\"MG\":\"Minas Gerais\",\"PA\":\"Par\u00e1\",\"PB\":\"Para\u00edba\",\"PR\":\"Paran\u00e1\",\"PE\":\"Pernambuco\",\"PI\":\"Piau\u00ed\",\"RJ\":\"Rio de Janeiro\",\"RN\":\"Rio Grande do Norte\",\"RS\":\"Rio Grande do Sul\",\"RO\":\"Rond\u00f4nia\",\"RR\":\"Roraima\",\"SC\":\"Santa Catarina\",\"SP\":\"S\u00e3o Paulo\",\"SE\":\"Sergipe\",\"TO\":\"Tocantins\"},\"CA\":{\"AB\":\"Alberta\",\"BC\":\"British Columbia\",\"MB\":\"Manitoba\",\"NB\":\"New Brunswick\",\"NL\":\"Newfoundland and Labrador\",\"NT\":\"Northwest Territories\",\"NS\":\"Nova Scotia\",\"NU\":\"Nunavut\",\"ON\":\"Ontario\",\"PE\":\"Prince Edward Island\",\"QC\":\"Quebec\",\"SK\":\"Saskatchewan\",\"YT\":\"Yukon Territory\"},\"CH\":{\"AG\":\"Aargau\",\"AR\":\"Appenzell Ausserrhoden\",\"AI\":\"Appenzell Innerrhoden\",\"BL\":\"Basel-Landschaft\",\"BS\":\"Basel-Stadt\",\"BE\":\"Bern\",\"FR\":\"Fribourg\",\"GE\":\"Geneva\",\"GL\":\"Glarus\",\"GR\":\"Graub\u00fcnden\",\"JU\":\"Jura\",\"LU\":\"Luzern\",\"NE\":\"Neuch\u00e2tel\",\"NW\":\"Nidwalden\",\"OW\":\"Obwalden\",\"SH\":\"Schaffhausen\",\"SZ\":\"Schwyz\",\"SO\":\"Solothurn\",\"SG\":\"St. Gallen\",\"TG\":\"Thurgau\",\"TI\":\"Ticino\",\"UR\":\"Uri\",\"VS\":\"Valais\",\"VD\":\"Vaud\",\"ZG\":\"Zug\",\"ZH\":\"Z\u00fcrich\"},\"CN\":{\"CN1\":\"Yunnan \\\/ \u4e91\u5357\",\"CN2\":\"Beijing \\\/ \u5317\u4eac\",\"CN3\":\"Tianjin \\\/ \u5929\u6d25\",\"CN4\":\"Hebei \\\/ \u6cb3\u5317\",\"CN5\":\"Shanxi \\\/ \u5c71\u897f\",\"CN6\":\"Inner Mongolia \\\/ \u5167\u8499\u53e4\",\"CN7\":\"Liaoning \\\/ \u8fbd\u5b81\",\"CN8\":\"Jilin \\\/ \u5409\u6797\",\"CN9\":\"Heilongjiang \\\/ \u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\",\"CN10\":\"Shanghai \\\/ \u4e0a\u6d77\",\"CN11\":\"Jiangsu \\\/ \u6c5f\u82cf\",\"CN12\":\"Zhejiang \\\/ \u6d59\u6c5f\",\"CN13\":\"Anhui \\\/ \u5b89\u5fbd\",\"CN14\":\"Fujian \\\/ \u798f\u5efa\",\"CN15\":\"Jiangxi \\\/ \u6c5f\u897f\",\"CN16\":\"Shandong \\\/ \u5c71\u4e1c\",\"CN17\":\"Henan \\\/ \u6cb3\u5357\",\"CN18\":\"Hubei \\\/ \u6e56\u5317\",\"CN19\":\"Hunan \\\/ \u6e56\u5357\",\"CN20\":\"Guangdong \\\/ \u5e7f\u4e1c\",\"CN21\":\"Guangxi Zhuang \\\/ \u5e7f\u897f\u58ee\u65cf\",\"CN22\":\"Hainan \\\/ \u6d77\u5357\",\"CN23\":\"Chongqing \\\/ \u91cd\u5e86\",\"CN24\":\"Sichuan \\\/ \u56db\u5ddd\",\"CN25\":\"Guizhou \\\/ \u8d35\u5dde\",\"CN26\":\"Shaanxi \\\/ \u9655\u897f\",\"CN27\":\"Gansu \\\/ \u7518\u8083\",\"CN28\":\"Qinghai \\\/ \u9752\u6d77\",\"CN29\":\"Ningxia Hui \\\/ \u5b81\u590f\",\"CN30\":\"Macau \\\/ \u6fb3\u95e8\",\"CN31\":\"Tibet \\\/ \u897f\u85cf\",\"CN32\":\"Xinjiang \\\/ \u65b0\u7586\"},\"CZ\":[],\"DE\":[],\"DK\":[],\"EE\":[],\"ES\":{\"C\":\"A Coru\u00f1a\",\"VI\":\"Araba\\\/\u00c1lava\",\"AB\":\"Albacete\",\"A\":\"Alicante\",\"AL\":\"Almer\u00eda\",\"O\":\"Asturias\",\"AV\":\"\u00c1vila\",\"BA\":\"Badajoz\",\"PM\":\"Baleares\",\"B\":\"Barcelona\",\"BU\":\"Burgos\",\"CC\":\"C\u00e1ceres\",\"CA\":\"C\u00e1diz\",\"S\":\"Cantabria\",\"CS\":\"Castell\u00f3n\",\"CE\":\"Ceuta\",\"CR\":\"Ciudad Real\",\"CO\":\"C\u00f3rdoba\",\"CU\":\"Cuenca\",\"GI\":\"Girona\",\"GR\":\"Granada\",\"GU\":\"Guadalajara\",\"SS\":\"Gipuzkoa\",\"H\":\"Huelva\",\"HU\":\"Huesca\",\"J\":\"Ja\u00e9n\",\"LO\":\"La Rioja\",\"GC\":\"Las Palmas\",\"LE\":\"Le\u00f3n\",\"L\":\"Lleida\",\"LU\":\"Lugo\",\"M\":\"Madrid\",\"MA\":\"M\u00e1laga\",\"ML\":\"Melilla\",\"MU\":\"Murcia\",\"NA\":\"Navarra\",\"OR\":\"Ourense\",\"P\":\"Palencia\",\"PO\":\"Pontevedra\",\"SA\":\"Salamanca\",\"TF\":\"Santa Cruz de Tenerife\",\"SG\":\"Segovia\",\"SE\":\"Sevilla\",\"SO\":\"Soria\",\"T\":\"Tarragona\",\"TE\":\"Teruel\",\"TO\":\"Toledo\",\"V\":\"Valencia\",\"VA\":\"Valladolid\",\"BI\":\"Bizkaia\",\"ZA\":\"Zamora\",\"Z\":\"Zaragoza\"},\"FI\":[],\"FR\":[],\"GP\":[],\"GR\":{\"I\":\"\\u0391\\u03c4\\u03c4\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03ae\",\"A\":\"\\u0391\\u03bd\\u03b1\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03bb\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03ae \\u039c\\u03b1\\u03ba\\u03b5\\u03b4\\u03bf\\u03bd\\u03af\\u03b1 \\u03ba\\u03b1\\u03b9 \\u0398\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03b7\",\"B\":\"\\u039a\\u03b5\\u03bd\\u03c4\\u03c1\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03ae \\u039c\\u03b1\\u03ba\\u03b5\\u03b4\\u03bf\\u03bd\\u03af\\u03b1\",\"C\":\"\\u0394\\u03c5\\u03c4\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03ae \\u039c\\u03b1\\u03ba\\u03b5\\u03b4\\u03bf\\u03bd\\u03af\\u03b1\",\"D\":\"\\u0389\\u03c0\\u03b5\\u03b9\\u03c1\\u03bf\\u03c2\",\"E\":\"\\u0398\\u03b5\\u03c3\\u03c3\\u03b1\\u03bb\\u03af\\u03b1\",\"F\":\"\\u0399\\u03cc\\u03bd\\u03b9\\u03bf\\u03b9 \\u039d\\u03ae\\u03c3\\u03bf\\u03b9\",\"G\":\"\\u0394\\u03c5\\u03c4\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03ae \\u0395\\u03bb\\u03bb\\u03ac\\u03b4\\u03b1\",\"H\":\"\\u03a3\\u03c4\\u03b5\\u03c1\\u03b5\\u03ac \\u0395\\u03bb\\u03bb\\u03ac\\u03b4\\u03b1\",\"J\":\"\\u03a0\\u03b5\\u03bb\\u03bf\\u03c0\\u03cc\\u03bd\\u03bd\\u03b7\\u03c3\\u03bf\\u03c2\",\"K\":\"\\u0392\\u03cc\\u03c1\\u03b5\\u03b9\\u03bf \\u0391\\u03b9\\u03b3\\u03b1\\u03af\\u03bf\",\"L\":\"\\u039d\\u03cc\\u03c4\\u03b9\\u03bf \\u0391\\u03b9\\u03b3\\u03b1\\u03af\\u03bf\",\"M\":\"\\u039a\\u03c1\\u03ae\\u03c4\\u03b7\"},\"GF\":[],\"HK\":{\"HONG KONG\":\"Hong Kong Island\",\"KOWLOON\":\"Kowloon\",\"NEW TERRITORIES\":\"New Territories\"},\"HU\":{\"BK\":\"B\\u00e1cs-Kiskun\",\"BE\":\"B\\u00e9k\\u00e9s\",\"BA\":\"Baranya\",\"BZ\":\"Borsod-Aba\\u00faj-Zempl\\u00e9n\",\"BU\":\"Budapest\",\"CS\":\"Csongr\\u00e1d\",\"FE\":\"Fej\\u00e9r\",\"GS\":\"Gy\\u0151r-Moson-Sopron\",\"HB\":\"Hajd\\u00fa-Bihar\",\"HE\":\"Heves\",\"JN\":\"J\\u00e1sz-Nagykun-Szolnok\",\"KE\":\"Kom\\u00e1rom-Esztergom\",\"NO\":\"N\\u00f3gr\\u00e1d\",\"PE\":\"Pest\",\"SO\":\"Somogy\",\"SZ\":\"Szabolcs-Szatm\\u00e1r-Bereg\",\"TO\":\"Tolna\",\"VA\":\"Vas\",\"VE\":\"Veszpr\\u00e9m\",\"ZA\":\"Zala\"},\"ID\":{\"AC\":\"Daerah Istimewa Aceh\",\"SU\":\"Sumatera Utara\",\"SB\":\"Sumatera Barat\",\"RI\":\"Riau\",\"KR\":\"Kepulauan Riau\",\"JA\":\"Jambi\",\"SS\":\"Sumatera Selatan\",\"BB\":\"Bangka Belitung\",\"BE\":\"Bengkulu\",\"LA\":\"Lampung\",\"JK\":\"DKI Jakarta\",\"JB\":\"Jawa Barat\",\"BT\":\"Banten\",\"JT\":\"Jawa Tengah\",\"JI\":\"Jawa Timur\",\"YO\":\"Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta\",\"BA\":\"Bali\",\"NB\":\"Nusa Tenggara Barat\",\"NT\":\"Nusa Tenggara Timur\",\"KB\":\"Kalimantan Barat\",\"KT\":\"Kalimantan Tengah\",\"KI\":\"Kalimantan Timur\",\"KS\":\"Kalimantan Selatan\",\"KU\":\"Kalimantan Utara\",\"SA\":\"Sulawesi Utara\",\"ST\":\"Sulawesi Tengah\",\"SG\":\"Sulawesi Tenggara\",\"SR\":\"Sulawesi Barat\",\"SN\":\"Sulawesi Selatan\",\"GO\":\"Gorontalo\",\"MA\":\"Maluku\",\"MU\":\"Maluku Utara\",\"PA\":\"Papua\",\"PB\":\"Papua Barat\"},\"IE\":{\"CW\":\"Carlow\",\"CN\":\"Cavan\",\"CE\":\"Clare\",\"CO\":\"Cork\",\"DL\":\"Donegal\",\"D\":\"Dublin\",\"G\":\"Galway\",\"KY\":\"Kerry\",\"KE\":\"Kildare\",\"KK\":\"Kilkenny\",\"LS\":\"Laois\",\"LM\":\"Leitrim\",\"LK\":\"Limerick\",\"LD\":\"Longford\",\"LH\":\"Louth\",\"MO\":\"Mayo\",\"MH\":\"Meath\",\"MN\":\"Monaghan\",\"OY\":\"Offaly\",\"RN\":\"Roscommon\",\"SO\":\"Sligo\",\"TA\":\"Tipperary\",\"WD\":\"Waterford\",\"WH\":\"Westmeath\",\"WX\":\"Wexford\",\"WW\":\"Wicklow\"},\"IN\":{\"AP\":\"Andhra Pradesh\",\"AR\":\"Arunachal Pradesh\",\"AS\":\"Assam\",\"BR\":\"Bihar\",\"CT\":\"Chhattisgarh\",\"GA\":\"Goa\",\"GJ\":\"Gujarat\",\"HR\":\"Haryana\",\"HP\":\"Himachal Pradesh\",\"JK\":\"Jammu and Kashmir\",\"JH\":\"Jharkhand\",\"KA\":\"Karnataka\",\"KL\":\"Kerala\",\"MP\":\"Madhya Pradesh\",\"MH\":\"Maharashtra\",\"MN\":\"Manipur\",\"ML\":\"Meghalaya\",\"MZ\":\"Mizoram\",\"NL\":\"Nagaland\",\"OR\":\"Orissa\",\"PB\":\"Punjab\",\"RJ\":\"Rajasthan\",\"SK\":\"Sikkim\",\"TN\":\"Tamil Nadu\",\"TS\":\"Telangana\",\"TR\":\"Tripura\",\"UK\":\"Uttarakhand\",\"UP\":\"Uttar Pradesh\",\"WB\":\"West Bengal\",\"AN\":\"Andaman and Nicobar Islands\",\"CH\":\"Chandigarh\",\"DN\":\"Dadra and Nagar Haveli\",\"DD\":\"Daman and Diu\",\"DL\":\"Delhi\",\"LD\":\"Lakshadeep\",\"PY\":\"Pondicherry (Puducherry)\"},\"IR\":{\"KHZ\":\"Khuzestan (\\u062e\\u0648\\u0632\\u0633\\u062a\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"THR\":\"Tehran (\\u062a\\u0647\\u0631\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"ILM\":\"Ilaam (\\u0627\\u06cc\\u0644\\u0627\\u0645)\",\"BHR\":\"Bushehr (\\u0628\\u0648\\u0634\\u0647\\u0631)\",\"ADL\":\"Ardabil (\\u0627\\u0631\\u062f\\u0628\\u06cc\\u0644)\",\"ESF\":\"Isfahan (\\u0627\\u0635\\u0641\\u0647\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"YZD\":\"Yazd (\\u06cc\\u0632\\u062f)\",\"KRH\":\"Kermanshah (\\u06a9\\u0631\\u0645\\u0627\\u0646\\u0634\\u0627\\u0647)\",\"KRN\":\"Kerman (\\u06a9\\u0631\\u0645\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"HDN\":\"Hamadan (\\u0647\\u0645\\u062f\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"GZN\":\"Ghazvin (\\u0642\\u0632\\u0648\\u06cc\\u0646)\",\"ZJN\":\"Zanjan (\\u0632\\u0646\\u062c\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"LRS\":\"Luristan (\\u0644\\u0631\\u0633\\u062a\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"ABZ\":\"Alborz (\\u0627\\u0644\\u0628\\u0631\\u0632)\",\"EAZ\":\"East Azarbaijan (\\u0622\\u0630\\u0631\\u0628\\u0627\\u06cc\\u062c\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0634\\u0631\\u0642\\u06cc)\",\"WAZ\":\"West Azarbaijan (\\u0622\\u0630\\u0631\\u0628\\u0627\\u06cc\\u062c\\u0627\\u0646 \\u063a\\u0631\\u0628\\u06cc)\",\"CHB\":\"Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (\\u0686\\u0647\\u0627\\u0631\\u0645\\u062d\\u0627\\u0644 \\u0648 \\u0628\\u062e\\u062a\\u06cc\\u0627\\u0631\\u06cc)\",\"SKH\":\"South Khorasan (\\u062e\\u0631\\u0627\\u0633\\u0627\\u0646 \\u062c\\u0646\\u0648\\u0628\\u06cc)\",\"RKH\":\"Razavi Khorasan (\\u062e\\u0631\\u0627\\u0633\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0631\\u0636\\u0648\\u06cc)\",\"NKH\":\"North Khorasan (\\u062e\\u0631\\u0627\\u0633\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0634\\u0645\\u0627\\u0644\\u06cc)\",\"SMN\":\"Semnan (\\u0633\\u0645\\u0646\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"FRS\":\"Fars (\\u0641\\u0627\\u0631\\u0633)\",\"QHM\":\"Qom (\\u0642\\u0645)\",\"KRD\":\"Kurdistan \\\/ \\u06a9\\u0631\\u062f\\u0633\\u062a\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"KBD\":\"Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad (\\u06a9\\u0647\\u06af\\u06cc\\u0644\\u0648\\u06cc\\u06cc\\u0647 \\u0648 \\u0628\\u0648\\u06cc\\u0631\\u0627\\u062d\\u0645\\u062f)\",\"GLS\":\"Golestan (\\u06af\\u0644\\u0633\\u062a\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"GIL\":\"Gilan (\\u06af\\u06cc\\u0644\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"MZN\":\"Mazandaran (\\u0645\\u0627\\u0632\\u0646\\u062f\\u0631\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"MKZ\":\"Markazi (\\u0645\\u0631\\u06a9\\u0632\\u06cc)\",\"HRZ\":\"Hormozgan (\\u0647\\u0631\\u0645\\u0632\\u06af\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"SBN\":\"Sistan and Baluchestan (\\u0633\\u06cc\\u0633\\u062a\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0648 \\u0628\\u0644\\u0648\\u0686\\u0633\\u062a\\u0627\\u0646)\"},\"IS\":[],\"IT\":{\"AG\":\"Agrigento\",\"AL\":\"Alessandria\",\"AN\":\"Ancona\",\"AO\":\"Aosta\",\"AR\":\"Arezzo\",\"AP\":\"Ascoli Piceno\",\"AT\":\"Asti\",\"AV\":\"Avellino\",\"BA\":\"Bari\",\"BT\":\"Barletta-Andria-Trani\",\"BL\":\"Belluno\",\"BN\":\"Benevento\",\"BG\":\"Bergamo\",\"BI\":\"Biella\",\"BO\":\"Bologna\",\"BZ\":\"Bolzano\",\"BS\":\"Brescia\",\"BR\":\"Brindisi\",\"CA\":\"Cagliari\",\"CL\":\"Caltanissetta\",\"CB\":\"Campobasso\",\"CE\":\"Caserta\",\"CT\":\"Catania\",\"CZ\":\"Catanzaro\",\"CH\":\"Chieti\",\"CO\":\"Como\",\"CS\":\"Cosenza\",\"CR\":\"Cremona\",\"KR\":\"Crotone\",\"CN\":\"Cuneo\",\"EN\":\"Enna\",\"FM\":\"Fermo\",\"FE\":\"Ferrara\",\"FI\":\"Firenze\",\"FG\":\"Foggia\",\"FC\":\"Forl\\u00ec-Cesena\",\"FR\":\"Frosinone\",\"GE\":\"Genova\",\"GO\":\"Gorizia\",\"GR\":\"Grosseto\",\"IM\":\"Imperia\",\"IS\":\"Isernia\",\"SP\":\"La Spezia\",\"AQ\":\"L'Aquila\",\"LT\":\"Latina\",\"LE\":\"Lecce\",\"LC\":\"Lecco\",\"LI\":\"Livorno\",\"LO\":\"Lodi\",\"LU\":\"Lucca\",\"MC\":\"Macerata\",\"MN\":\"Mantova\",\"MS\":\"Massa-Carrara\",\"MT\":\"Matera\",\"ME\":\"Messina\",\"MI\":\"Milano\",\"MO\":\"Modena\",\"MB\":\"Monza e della Brianza\",\"NA\":\"Napoli\",\"NO\":\"Novara\",\"NU\":\"Nuoro\",\"OR\":\"Oristano\",\"PD\":\"Padova\",\"PA\":\"Palermo\",\"PR\":\"Parma\",\"PV\":\"Pavia\",\"PG\":\"Perugia\",\"PU\":\"Pesaro e Urbino\",\"PE\":\"Pescara\",\"PC\":\"Piacenza\",\"PI\":\"Pisa\",\"PT\":\"Pistoia\",\"PN\":\"Pordenone\",\"PZ\":\"Potenza\",\"PO\":\"Prato\",\"RG\":\"Ragusa\",\"RA\":\"Ravenna\",\"RC\":\"Reggio Calabria\",\"RE\":\"Reggio Emilia\",\"RI\":\"Rieti\",\"RN\":\"Rimini\",\"RM\":\"Roma\",\"RO\":\"Rovigo\",\"SA\":\"Salerno\",\"SS\":\"Sassari\",\"SV\":\"Savona\",\"SI\":\"Siena\",\"SR\":\"Siracusa\",\"SO\":\"Sondrio\",\"SU\":\"Sud Sardegna\",\"TA\":\"Taranto\",\"TE\":\"Teramo\",\"TR\":\"Terni\",\"TO\":\"Torino\",\"TP\":\"Trapani\",\"TN\":\"Trento\",\"TV\":\"Treviso\",\"TS\":\"Trieste\",\"UD\":\"Udine\",\"VA\":\"Varese\",\"VE\":\"Venezia\",\"VB\":\"Verbano-Cusio-Ossola\",\"VC\":\"Vercelli\",\"VR\":\"Verona\",\"VV\":\"Vibo Valentia\",\"VI\":\"Vicenza\",\"VT\":\"Viterbo\"},\"IL\":[],\"IM\":[],\"JP\":{\"JP01\":\"Hokkaido\",\"JP02\":\"Aomori\",\"JP03\":\"Iwate\",\"JP04\":\"Miyagi\",\"JP05\":\"Akita\",\"JP06\":\"Yamagata\",\"JP07\":\"Fukushima\",\"JP08\":\"Ibaraki\",\"JP09\":\"Tochigi\",\"JP10\":\"Gunma\",\"JP11\":\"Saitama\",\"JP12\":\"Chiba\",\"JP13\":\"Tokyo\",\"JP14\":\"Kanagawa\",\"JP15\":\"Niigata\",\"JP16\":\"Toyama\",\"JP17\":\"Ishikawa\",\"JP18\":\"Fukui\",\"JP19\":\"Yamanashi\",\"JP20\":\"Nagano\",\"JP21\":\"Gifu\",\"JP22\":\"Shizuoka\",\"JP23\":\"Aichi\",\"JP24\":\"Mie\",\"JP25\":\"Shiga\",\"JP26\":\"Kyoto\",\"JP27\":\"Osaka\",\"JP28\":\"Hyogo\",\"JP29\":\"Nara\",\"JP30\":\"Wakayama\",\"JP31\":\"Tottori\",\"JP32\":\"Shimane\",\"JP33\":\"Okayama\",\"JP34\":\"Hiroshima\",\"JP35\":\"Yamaguchi\",\"JP36\":\"Tokushima\",\"JP37\":\"Kagawa\",\"JP38\":\"Ehime\",\"JP39\":\"Kochi\",\"JP40\":\"Fukuoka\",\"JP41\":\"Saga\",\"JP42\":\"Nagasaki\",\"JP43\":\"Kumamoto\",\"JP44\":\"Oita\",\"JP45\":\"Miyazaki\",\"JP46\":\"Kagoshima\",\"JP47\":\"Okinawa\"},\"KR\":[],\"KW\":[],\"LB\":[],\"LR\":{\"BM\":\"Bomi\",\"BN\":\"Bong\",\"GA\":\"Gbarpolu\",\"GB\":\"Grand Bassa\",\"GC\":\"Grand Cape Mount\",\"GG\":\"Grand Gedeh\",\"GK\":\"Grand Kru\",\"LO\":\"Lofa\",\"MA\":\"Margibi\",\"MY\":\"Maryland\",\"MO\":\"Montserrado\",\"NM\":\"Nimba\",\"RV\":\"Rivercess\",\"RG\":\"River Gee\",\"SN\":\"Sinoe\"},\"LU\":[],\"MD\":{\"C\":\"Chi\u0219in\u0103u\",\"BL\":\"B\u0103l\u021bi\",\"AN\":\"Anenii Noi\",\"BS\":\"Basarabeasca\",\"BR\":\"Briceni\",\"CH\":\"Cahul\",\"CT\":\"Cantemir\",\"CL\":\"C\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219i\",\"CS\":\"C\u0103u\u0219eni\",\"CM\":\"Cimi\u0219lia\",\"CR\":\"Criuleni\",\"DN\":\"Dondu\u0219eni\",\"DR\":\"Drochia\",\"DB\":\"Dub\u0103sari\",\"ED\":\"Edine\u021b\",\"FL\":\"F\u0103le\u0219ti\",\"FR\":\"Flore\u0219ti\",\"GE\":\"UTA G\u0103g\u0103uzia\",\"GL\":\"Glodeni\",\"HN\":\"H\u00eence\u0219ti\",\"IL\":\"Ialoveni\",\"LV\":\"Leova\",\"NS\":\"Nisporeni\",\"OC\":\"Ocni\u021ba\",\"OR\":\"Orhei\",\"RZ\":\"Rezina\",\"RS\":\"R\u00ee\u0219cani\",\"SG\":\"S\u00eengerei\",\"SR\":\"Soroca\",\"ST\":\"Str\u0103\u0219eni\",\"SD\":\"\u0218old\u0103ne\u0219ti\",\"SV\":\"\u0218tefan Vod\u0103\",\"TR\":\"Taraclia\",\"TL\":\"Telene\u0219ti\",\"UN\":\"Ungheni\"},\"MQ\":[],\"MT\":[],\"MX\":{\"DF\":\"Ciudad de M\u00e9xico\",\"JA\":\"Jalisco\",\"NL\":\"Nuevo Le\u00f3n\",\"AG\":\"Aguascalientes\",\"BC\":\"Baja California\",\"BS\":\"Baja California Sur\",\"CM\":\"Campeche\",\"CS\":\"Chiapas\",\"CH\":\"Chihuahua\",\"CO\":\"Coahuila\",\"CL\":\"Colima\",\"DG\":\"Durango\",\"GT\":\"Guanajuato\",\"GR\":\"Guerrero\",\"HG\":\"Hidalgo\",\"MX\":\"Estado de M\u00e9xico\",\"MI\":\"Michoac\u00e1n\",\"MO\":\"Morelos\",\"NA\":\"Nayarit\",\"OA\":\"Oaxaca\",\"PU\":\"Puebla\",\"QT\":\"Quer\u00e9taro\",\"QR\":\"Quintana Roo\",\"SL\":\"San Luis Potos\u00ed\",\"SI\":\"Sinaloa\",\"SO\":\"Sonora\",\"TB\":\"Tabasco\",\"TM\":\"Tamaulipas\",\"TL\":\"Tlaxcala\",\"VE\":\"Veracruz\",\"YU\":\"Yucat\u00e1n\",\"ZA\":\"Zacatecas\"},\"MY\":{\"JHR\":\"Johor\",\"KDH\":\"Kedah\",\"KTN\":\"Kelantan\",\"LBN\":\"Labuan\",\"MLK\":\"Malacca (Melaka)\",\"NSN\":\"Negeri Sembilan\",\"PHG\":\"Pahang\",\"PNG\":\"Penang (Pulau Pinang)\",\"PRK\":\"Perak\",\"PLS\":\"Perlis\",\"SBH\":\"Sabah\",\"SWK\":\"Sarawak\",\"SGR\":\"Selangor\",\"TRG\":\"Terengganu\",\"PJY\":\"Putrajaya\",\"KUL\":\"Kuala Lumpur\"},\"NG\":{\"AB\":\"Abia\",\"FC\":\"Abuja\",\"AD\":\"Adamawa\",\"AK\":\"Akwa Ibom\",\"AN\":\"Anambra\",\"BA\":\"Bauchi\",\"BY\":\"Bayelsa\",\"BE\":\"Benue\",\"BO\":\"Borno\",\"CR\":\"Cross River\",\"DE\":\"Delta\",\"EB\":\"Ebonyi\",\"ED\":\"Edo\",\"EK\":\"Ekiti\",\"EN\":\"Enugu\",\"GO\":\"Gombe\",\"IM\":\"Imo\",\"JI\":\"Jigawa\",\"KD\":\"Kaduna\",\"KN\":\"Kano\",\"KT\":\"Katsina\",\"KE\":\"Kebbi\",\"KO\":\"Kogi\",\"KW\":\"Kwara\",\"LA\":\"Lagos\",\"NA\":\"Nasarawa\",\"NI\":\"Niger\",\"OG\":\"Ogun\",\"ON\":\"Ondo\",\"OS\":\"Osun\",\"OY\":\"Oyo\",\"PL\":\"Plateau\",\"RI\":\"Rivers\",\"SO\":\"Sokoto\",\"TA\":\"Taraba\",\"YO\":\"Yobe\",\"ZA\":\"Zamfara\"},\"NL\":[],\"NO\":[],\"NP\":{\"BAG\":\"Bagmati\",\"BHE\":\"Bheri\",\"DHA\":\"Dhaulagiri\",\"GAN\":\"Gandaki\",\"JAN\":\"Janakpur\",\"KAR\":\"Karnali\",\"KOS\":\"Koshi\",\"LUM\":\"Lumbini\",\"MAH\":\"Mahakali\",\"MEC\":\"Mechi\",\"NAR\":\"Narayani\",\"RAP\":\"Rapti\",\"SAG\":\"Sagarmatha\",\"SET\":\"Seti\"},\"NZ\":{\"NL\":\"Northland\",\"AK\":\"Auckland\",\"WA\":\"Waikato\",\"BP\":\"Bay of Plenty\",\"TK\":\"Taranaki\",\"GI\":\"Gisborne\",\"HB\":\"Hawke\u2019s Bay\",\"MW\":\"Manawatu-Wanganui\",\"WE\":\"Wellington\",\"NS\":\"Nelson\",\"MB\":\"Marlborough\",\"TM\":\"Tasman\",\"WC\":\"West Coast\",\"CT\":\"Canterbury\",\"OT\":\"Otago\",\"SL\":\"Southland\"},\"PE\":{\"CAL\":\"El Callao\",\"LMA\":\"Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima\",\"AMA\":\"Amazonas\",\"ANC\":\"Ancash\",\"APU\":\"Apur\u00edmac\",\"ARE\":\"Arequipa\",\"AYA\":\"Ayacucho\",\"CAJ\":\"Cajamarca\",\"CUS\":\"Cusco\",\"HUV\":\"Huancavelica\",\"HUC\":\"Hu\u00e1nuco\",\"ICA\":\"Ica\",\"JUN\":\"Jun\u00edn\",\"LAL\":\"La Libertad\",\"LAM\":\"Lambayeque\",\"LIM\":\"Lima\",\"LOR\":\"Loreto\",\"MDD\":\"Madre de Dios\",\"MOQ\":\"Moquegua\",\"PAS\":\"Pasco\",\"PIU\":\"Piura\",\"PUN\":\"Puno\",\"SAM\":\"San Mart\u00edn\",\"TAC\":\"Tacna\",\"TUM\":\"Tumbes\",\"UCA\":\"Ucayali\"},\"PH\":{\"ABR\":\"Abra\",\"AGN\":\"Agusan del Norte\",\"AGS\":\"Agusan del Sur\",\"AKL\":\"Aklan\",\"ALB\":\"Albay\",\"ANT\":\"Antique\",\"APA\":\"Apayao\",\"AUR\":\"Aurora\",\"BAS\":\"Basilan\",\"BAN\":\"Bataan\",\"BTN\":\"Batanes\",\"BTG\":\"Batangas\",\"BEN\":\"Benguet\",\"BIL\":\"Biliran\",\"BOH\":\"Bohol\",\"BUK\":\"Bukidnon\",\"BUL\":\"Bulacan\",\"CAG\":\"Cagayan\",\"CAN\":\"Camarines Norte\",\"CAS\":\"Camarines Sur\",\"CAM\":\"Camiguin\",\"CAP\":\"Capiz\",\"CAT\":\"Catanduanes\",\"CAV\":\"Cavite\",\"CEB\":\"Cebu\",\"COM\":\"Compostela Valley\",\"NCO\":\"Cotabato\",\"DAV\":\"Davao del Norte\",\"DAS\":\"Davao del Sur\",\"DAC\":\"Davao Occidental\",\"DAO\":\"Davao Oriental\",\"DIN\":\"Dinagat Islands\",\"EAS\":\"Eastern Samar\",\"GUI\":\"Guimaras\",\"IFU\":\"Ifugao\",\"ILN\":\"Ilocos Norte\",\"ILS\":\"Ilocos Sur\",\"ILI\":\"Iloilo\",\"ISA\":\"Isabela\",\"KAL\":\"Kalinga\",\"LUN\":\"La Union\",\"LAG\":\"Laguna\",\"LAN\":\"Lanao del Norte\",\"LAS\":\"Lanao del Sur\",\"LEY\":\"Leyte\",\"MAG\":\"Maguindanao\",\"MAD\":\"Marinduque\",\"MAS\":\"Masbate\",\"MSC\":\"Misamis Occidental\",\"MSR\":\"Misamis Oriental\",\"MOU\":\"Mountain Province\",\"NEC\":\"Negros Occidental\",\"NER\":\"Negros Oriental\",\"NSA\":\"Northern Samar\",\"NUE\":\"Nueva Ecija\",\"NUV\":\"Nueva Vizcaya\",\"MDC\":\"Occidental Mindoro\",\"MDR\":\"Oriental Mindoro\",\"PLW\":\"Palawan\",\"PAM\":\"Pampanga\",\"PAN\":\"Pangasinan\",\"QUE\":\"Quezon\",\"QUI\":\"Quirino\",\"RIZ\":\"Rizal\",\"ROM\":\"Romblon\",\"WSA\":\"Samar\",\"SAR\":\"Sarangani\",\"SIQ\":\"Siquijor\",\"SOR\":\"Sorsogon\",\"SCO\":\"South Cotabato\",\"SLE\":\"Southern Leyte\",\"SUK\":\"Sultan Kudarat\",\"SLU\":\"Sulu\",\"SUN\":\"Surigao del Norte\",\"SUR\":\"Surigao del Sur\",\"TAR\":\"Tarlac\",\"TAW\":\"Tawi-Tawi\",\"ZMB\":\"Zambales\",\"ZAN\":\"Zamboanga del Norte\",\"ZAS\":\"Zamboanga del Sur\",\"ZSI\":\"Zamboanga Sibugay\",\"00\":\"Metro Manila\"},\"PK\":{\"JK\":\"Azad Kashmir\",\"BA\":\"Balochistan\",\"TA\":\"FATA\",\"GB\":\"Gilgit Baltistan\",\"IS\":\"Islamabad Capital Territory\",\"KP\":\"Khyber Pakhtunkhwa\",\"PB\":\"Punjab\",\"SD\":\"Sindh\"},\"PL\":[],\"PT\":[],\"PY\":{\"PY-ASU\":\"Asunci\u00f3n\",\"PY-1\":\"Concepci\u00f3n\",\"PY-2\":\"San Pedro\",\"PY-3\":\"Cordillera\",\"PY-4\":\"Guair\u00e1\",\"PY-5\":\"Caaguaz\u00fa\",\"PY-6\":\"Caazap\u00e1\",\"PY-7\":\"Itap\u00faa\",\"PY-8\":\"Misiones\",\"PY-9\":\"Paraguar\u00ed\",\"PY-10\":\"Alto Paran\u00e1\",\"PY-11\":\"Central\",\"PY-12\":\"\u00d1eembuc\u00fa\",\"PY-13\":\"Amambay\",\"PY-14\":\"Canindey\u00fa\",\"PY-15\":\"Presidente Hayes\",\"PY-16\":\"Alto Paraguay\",\"PY-17\":\"Boquer\u00f3n\"},\"RE\":[],\"RO\":{\"AB\":\"Alba\",\"AR\":\"Arad\",\"AG\":\"Arge\u0219\",\"BC\":\"Bac\u0103u\",\"BH\":\"Bihor\",\"BN\":\"Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud\",\"BT\":\"Boto\u0219ani\",\"BR\":\"Br\u0103ila\",\"BV\":\"Bra\u0219ov\",\"B\":\"Bucure\u0219ti\",\"BZ\":\"Buz\u0103u\",\"CL\":\"C\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219i\",\"CS\":\"Cara\u0219-Severin\",\"CJ\":\"Cluj\",\"CT\":\"Constan\u021ba\",\"CV\":\"Covasna\",\"DB\":\"D\u00e2mbovi\u021ba\",\"DJ\":\"Dolj\",\"GL\":\"Gala\u021bi\",\"GR\":\"Giurgiu\",\"GJ\":\"Gorj\",\"HR\":\"Harghita\",\"HD\":\"Hunedoara\",\"IL\":\"Ialomi\u021ba\",\"IS\":\"Ia\u0219i\",\"IF\":\"Ilfov\",\"MM\":\"Maramure\u0219\",\"MH\":\"Mehedin\u021bi\",\"MS\":\"Mure\u0219\",\"NT\":\"Neam\u021b\",\"OT\":\"Olt\",\"PH\":\"Prahova\",\"SJ\":\"S\u0103laj\",\"SM\":\"Satu Mare\",\"SB\":\"Sibiu\",\"SV\":\"Suceava\",\"TR\":\"Teleorman\",\"TM\":\"Timi\u0219\",\"TL\":\"Tulcea\",\"VL\":\"V\u00e2lcea\",\"VS\":\"Vaslui\",\"VN\":\"Vrancea\"},\"RS\":[],\"SG\":[],\"SK\":[],\"SI\":[],\"TH\":{\"TH-37\":\"Amnat Charoen\",\"TH-15\":\"Ang Thong\",\"TH-14\":\"Ayutthaya\",\"TH-10\":\"Bangkok\",\"TH-38\":\"Bueng Kan\",\"TH-31\":\"Buri Ram\",\"TH-24\":\"Chachoengsao\",\"TH-18\":\"Chai Nat\",\"TH-36\":\"Chaiyaphum\",\"TH-22\":\"Chanthaburi\",\"TH-50\":\"Chiang Mai\",\"TH-57\":\"Chiang Rai\",\"TH-20\":\"Chonburi\",\"TH-86\":\"Chumphon\",\"TH-46\":\"Kalasin\",\"TH-62\":\"Kamphaeng Phet\",\"TH-71\":\"Kanchanaburi\",\"TH-40\":\"Khon Kaen\",\"TH-81\":\"Krabi\",\"TH-52\":\"Lampang\",\"TH-51\":\"Lamphun\",\"TH-42\":\"Loei\",\"TH-16\":\"Lopburi\",\"TH-58\":\"Mae Hong Son\",\"TH-44\":\"Maha Sarakham\",\"TH-49\":\"Mukdahan\",\"TH-26\":\"Nakhon Nayok\",\"TH-73\":\"Nakhon Pathom\",\"TH-48\":\"Nakhon Phanom\",\"TH-30\":\"Nakhon Ratchasima\",\"TH-60\":\"Nakhon Sawan\",\"TH-80\":\"Nakhon Si Thammarat\",\"TH-55\":\"Nan\",\"TH-96\":\"Narathiwat\",\"TH-39\":\"Nong Bua Lam Phu\",\"TH-43\":\"Nong Khai\",\"TH-12\":\"Nonthaburi\",\"TH-13\":\"Pathum Thani\",\"TH-94\":\"Pattani\",\"TH-82\":\"Phang Nga\",\"TH-93\":\"Phatthalung\",\"TH-56\":\"Phayao\",\"TH-67\":\"Phetchabun\",\"TH-76\":\"Phetchaburi\",\"TH-66\":\"Phichit\",\"TH-65\":\"Phitsanulok\",\"TH-54\":\"Phrae\",\"TH-83\":\"Phuket\",\"TH-25\":\"Prachin Buri\",\"TH-77\":\"Prachuap Khiri Khan\",\"TH-85\":\"Ranong\",\"TH-70\":\"Ratchaburi\",\"TH-21\":\"Rayong\",\"TH-45\":\"Roi Et\",\"TH-27\":\"Sa Kaeo\",\"TH-47\":\"Sakon Nakhon\",\"TH-11\":\"Samut Prakan\",\"TH-74\":\"Samut Sakhon\",\"TH-75\":\"Samut Songkhram\",\"TH-19\":\"Saraburi\",\"TH-91\":\"Satun\",\"TH-17\":\"Sing Buri\",\"TH-33\":\"Sisaket\",\"TH-90\":\"Songkhla\",\"TH-64\":\"Sukhothai\",\"TH-72\":\"Suphan Buri\",\"TH-84\":\"Surat Thani\",\"TH-32\":\"Surin\",\"TH-63\":\"Tak\",\"TH-92\":\"Trang\",\"TH-23\":\"Trat\",\"TH-34\":\"Ubon Ratchathani\",\"TH-41\":\"Udon Thani\",\"TH-61\":\"Uthai Thani\",\"TH-53\":\"Uttaradit\",\"TH-95\":\"Yala\",\"TH-35\":\"Yasothon\"},\"TR\":{\"TR01\":\"Adana\",\"TR02\":\"Ad\u0131yaman\",\"TR03\":\"Afyon\",\"TR04\":\"A\u011fr\u0131\",\"TR05\":\"Amasya\",\"TR06\":\"Ankara\",\"TR07\":\"Antalya\",\"TR08\":\"Artvin\",\"TR09\":\"Ayd\u0131n\",\"TR10\":\"Bal\u0131kesir\",\"TR11\":\"Bilecik\",\"TR12\":\"Bing\u00f6l\",\"TR13\":\"Bitlis\",\"TR14\":\"Bolu\",\"TR15\":\"Burdur\",\"TR16\":\"Bursa\",\"TR17\":\"\u00c7anakkale\",\"TR18\":\"\u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131\",\"TR19\":\"\u00c7orum\",\"TR20\":\"Denizli\",\"TR21\":\"Diyarbak\u0131r\",\"TR22\":\"Edirne\",\"TR23\":\"Elaz\u0131\u011f\",\"TR24\":\"Erzincan\",\"TR25\":\"Erzurum\",\"TR26\":\"Eski\u015fehir\",\"TR27\":\"Gaziantep\",\"TR28\":\"Giresun\",\"TR29\":\"G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane\",\"TR30\":\"Hakkari\",\"TR31\":\"Hatay\",\"TR32\":\"Isparta\",\"TR33\":\"\u0130\u00e7el\",\"TR34\":\"\u0130stanbul\",\"TR35\":\"\u0130zmir\",\"TR36\":\"Kars\",\"TR37\":\"Kastamonu\",\"TR38\":\"Kayseri\",\"TR39\":\"K\u0131rklareli\",\"TR40\":\"K\u0131r\u015fehir\",\"TR41\":\"Kocaeli\",\"TR42\":\"Konya\",\"TR43\":\"K\u00fctahya\",\"TR44\":\"Malatya\",\"TR45\":\"Manisa\",\"TR46\":\"Kahramanmara\u015f\",\"TR47\":\"Mardin\",\"TR48\":\"Mu\u011fla\",\"TR49\":\"Mu\u015f\",\"TR50\":\"Nev\u015fehir\",\"TR51\":\"Ni\u011fde\",\"TR52\":\"Ordu\",\"TR53\":\"Rize\",\"TR54\":\"Sakarya\",\"TR55\":\"Samsun\",\"TR56\":\"Siirt\",\"TR57\":\"Sinop\",\"TR58\":\"Sivas\",\"TR59\":\"Tekirda\u011f\",\"TR60\":\"Tokat\",\"TR61\":\"Trabzon\",\"TR62\":\"Tunceli\",\"TR63\":\"\u015eanl\u0131urfa\",\"TR64\":\"U\u015fak\",\"TR65\":\"Van\",\"TR66\":\"Yozgat\",\"TR67\":\"Zonguldak\",\"TR68\":\"Aksaray\",\"TR69\":\"Bayburt\",\"TR70\":\"Karaman\",\"TR71\":\"K\u0131r\u0131kkale\",\"TR72\":\"Batman\",\"TR73\":\"\u015e\u0131rnak\",\"TR74\":\"Bart\u0131n\",\"TR75\":\"Ardahan\",\"TR76\":\"I\u011fd\u0131r\",\"TR77\":\"Yalova\",\"TR78\":\"Karab\u00fck\",\"TR79\":\"Kilis\",\"TR80\":\"Osmaniye\",\"TR81\":\"D\u00fczce\"},\"TZ\":{\"TZ01\":\"Arusha\",\"TZ02\":\"Dar es Salaam\",\"TZ03\":\"Dodoma\",\"TZ04\":\"Iringa\",\"TZ05\":\"Kagera\",\"TZ06\":\"Pemba North\",\"TZ07\":\"Zanzibar North\",\"TZ08\":\"Kigoma\",\"TZ09\":\"Kilimanjaro\",\"TZ10\":\"Pemba South\",\"TZ11\":\"Zanzibar South\",\"TZ12\":\"Lindi\",\"TZ13\":\"Mara\",\"TZ14\":\"Mbeya\",\"TZ15\":\"Zanzibar West\",\"TZ16\":\"Morogoro\",\"TZ17\":\"Mtwara\",\"TZ18\":\"Mwanza\",\"TZ19\":\"Coast\",\"TZ20\":\"Rukwa\",\"TZ21\":\"Ruvuma\",\"TZ22\":\"Shinyanga\",\"TZ23\":\"Singida\",\"TZ24\":\"Tabora\",\"TZ25\":\"Tanga\",\"TZ26\":\"Manyara\",\"TZ27\":\"Geita\",\"TZ28\":\"Katavi\",\"TZ29\":\"Njombe\",\"TZ30\":\"Simiyu\"},\"LK\":[],\"SE\":[],\"US\":{\"AL\":\"Alabama\",\"AK\":\"Alaska\",\"AZ\":\"Arizona\",\"AR\":\"Arkansas\",\"CA\":\"California\",\"CO\":\"Colorado\",\"CT\":\"Connecticut\",\"DE\":\"Delaware\",\"DC\":\"District Of Columbia\",\"FL\":\"Florida\",\"GA\":\"Georgia\",\"HI\":\"Hawaii\",\"ID\":\"Idaho\",\"IL\":\"Illinois\",\"IN\":\"Indiana\",\"IA\":\"Iowa\",\"KS\":\"Kansas\",\"KY\":\"Kentucky\",\"LA\":\"Louisiana\",\"ME\":\"Maine\",\"MD\":\"Maryland\",\"MA\":\"Massachusetts\",\"MI\":\"Michigan\",\"MN\":\"Minnesota\",\"MS\":\"Mississippi\",\"MO\":\"Missouri\",\"MT\":\"Montana\",\"NE\":\"Nebraska\",\"NV\":\"Nevada\",\"NH\":\"New Hampshire\",\"NJ\":\"New Jersey\",\"NM\":\"New Mexico\",\"NY\":\"New York\",\"NC\":\"North Carolina\",\"ND\":\"North Dakota\",\"OH\":\"Ohio\",\"OK\":\"Oklahoma\",\"OR\":\"Oregon\",\"PA\":\"Pennsylvania\",\"RI\":\"Rhode Island\",\"SC\":\"South Carolina\",\"SD\":\"South Dakota\",\"TN\":\"Tennessee\",\"TX\":\"Texas\",\"UT\":\"Utah\",\"VT\":\"Vermont\",\"VA\":\"Virginia\",\"WA\":\"Washington\",\"WV\":\"West Virginia\",\"WI\":\"Wisconsin\",\"WY\":\"Wyoming\",\"AA\":\"Armed Forces (AA)\",\"AE\":\"Armed Forces (AE)\",\"AP\":\"Armed Forces (AP)\"},\"VN\":[],\"YT\":[],\"ZA\":{\"EC\":\"Eastern Cape\",\"FS\":\"Free State\",\"GP\":\"Gauteng\",\"KZN\":\"KwaZulu-Natal\",\"LP\":\"Limpopo\",\"MP\":\"Mpumalanga\",\"NC\":\"Northern Cape\",\"NW\":\"North West\",\"WC\":\"Western Cape\"}}","password_strength":{"min_password_strength":3,"i18n_password_error":"Please enter a stronger password.","i18n_password_hint":"Hint: The password should be at least twelve characters long. To make it stronger, use upper and lower case letters, numbers, and symbols like ! " ? $ % ^ & )."}}; </script> <script src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/easy-login-woocommerce/xoo-form-fields-fw/assets/js/xoo-aff-js.js?ver=1.7" id="xoo-aff-js-js" defer data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://mg.co.za/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://mg.co.za/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/256232" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://mg.co.za/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.1" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://mg.co.za/?p=256232' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://mg.co.za/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmg.co.za%2Fabout%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://mg.co.za/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmg.co.za%2Fabout%2F&format=xml" />   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KP9VVDQ');</script>    <script type='text/javascript'> function hitsteps_gc( name ) { if (document.cookie){ var hs_cookie_split = document.cookie.split(';'); if (hs_cookie_split){ for( var i in hs_cookie_split ) { if (typeof hs_cookie_split[i] == "undefined" || typeof hs_cookie_split[i] == "function"){}else{ if( hs_cookie_split[i].indexOf( name+'=' ) != -1 ) return decodeURIComponent( hs_cookie_split[i].split('=')[1] ); }}}} return '';} _hs_uniqueid=''; ipname=''; ipnames=hitsteps_gc( 'comment_author_8511c943aad8159425b7c89f91993523' ); ipemails=hitsteps_gc( 'comment_author_email_8511c943aad8159425b7c89f91993523' ); if (ipnames!=''&&ipname=='') ipname=ipnames; if (ipemails!=''&&_hs_uniqueid=='') _hs_uniqueid=ipemails; </script> <script> (function(){ var hstc=document.createElement('script'); var hstcs='www.'; hstc.src='https://edgecdn.dev/code?code=9d25d79f67201140ef9a0f6c4dbf7e43'; hstc.async=true;hstc.defer=true; var htssc = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; htssc.parentNode.insertBefore(hstc, htssc); })(); var nochat=0; </script>  <style>.cmplz-hidden { display: none !important; }</style>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=GTM-KP9VVDQ"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'GTM-KP9VVDQ'); </script>   <script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){ w[l]=w[l]||[]; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event:'gtm.js'}); var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s), dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:''; j.async=true; j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KP9VVDQ'); </script>  <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "WebSite", "url": "https://mg.co.za/", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": "https://mg.co.za/?s={search_term_string}", "query-input": "required name=search_term_string" } } </script>        <meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.25.6; features: additional_custom_breakpoints, e_optimized_control_loading; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-swap"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://mg.co.za/about/"> <meta name="description" content="About Us Welcome to the Mail & Guardian , South Africa's premier weekly newspaper and website. Since our founding in 1985, we have been committed to deliver"> <meta property="og:title" content="About Us – The Mail & Guardian"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/24fe78d8-mg_logo_white_bg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1000"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="169"> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="mg_logo_white_bg"> <meta property="og:description" content="About Us Welcome to the Mail & Guardian , South Africa's premier weekly newspaper and website. Since our founding in 1985, we have been committed to deliver"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://mg.co.za/about/"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_ZA"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="The Mail & Guardian"> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2019-10-21T11:20:37+00:00"> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-11T08:57:07+00:00"> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-11-11T08:57:07+00:00"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/24fe78d8-mg_logo_white_bg.png"> <meta name="author" content="Khadija Patel"> <meta name="date" content="2019-10-21T11:20:37+00:00"> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <link rel="icon" href="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/98413e17-logosml-150x150.jpeg" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/98413e17-logosml.jpeg" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/98413e17-logosml.jpeg" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/98413e17-logosml.jpeg" /> <style id="wp-custom-css"> #environment .byline-single { margin-top: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 0; } .img-fluid, .img-thumbnail { width:100% !important; max-width:1050px !important; } #flag-home h3 { font-family: inter, sans-serif; font-size: 2rem; letter-spacing: -1px; margin: 20px 0 10px; line-height: 1 !important; font-weight: 900 !important; color: transparent; } </style>  <script> jQuery(document).ready(function($) { $('#search-container form').submit(function() { $('#search-container .search-submit').addClass('loading'); }); }); </script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/themes/MG-Boot-Child/style.css?v=170724"> </head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-256232 elementor-default elementor-kit-659887">  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KP9VVDQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>    <div class="modal fade" id="searchModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="searchModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="searchModal">Search</h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div class="modal-body text-left text-start"> <div id="search-container"> <script async src="https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=34e66d0ad1192414a"> </script> <div class="gcse-search"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal fade" id="loginModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="loginModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="loginModal">Welcome</h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="xoo-el-form-container xoo-el-form-inline" data-active="login"> <div class="xoo-el-header"> <ul class="xoo-el-tabs"> <li data-tab="login" class="xoo-el-login-tgr" style="order: 0 ">Login</li> <li data-tab="register" class="xoo-el-reg-tgr" style="order: 1">Register</li> </ul> </div> <div data-section="login" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-login"> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo-el-username_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="xoo-el-username" placeholder="Username / Email" value="" autocomplete="username" required=" "/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo-el-password_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo-el-password" placeholder="Password" value="" autocomplete="current-password" required=" "/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div></div> <div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-el-login-btm-fields"> <label class="xoo-el-form-label"> <input type="checkbox" name="xoo-el-rememberme" value="forever" /> <span>Remember me</span> </label> <a class="xoo-el-lostpw-tgr" rel="nofollow" href="#">Forgot Password?</a> </div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="login"> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-login-btn" >Sign in</button> <input type="hidden" name="xoo_el_redirect" value="/about/"> </form> </div> </div> <div data-section="register" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-register"> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_username_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="xoo_el_reg_username" placeholder="Username" value="" maxlength="20" minlength="3" required=" "/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-email one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_email_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-at"></span><input type="email" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-email" name="xoo_el_reg_email" placeholder="Email" value="" autocomplete="email" required=" "/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_pass_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo_el_reg_pass" placeholder="Password" value="" maxlength="20" minlength="6" autocomplete="new-password" required=" "/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_pass_again_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo_el_reg_pass_again" placeholder="Confirm Password" value="" autocomplete="new-password" required=" "/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div></div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="register"> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-register-btn">Register Free Account</button> <input type="hidden" name="xoo_el_redirect" value="/about/"> </form> </div> </div> <div data-section="lostpw" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-lostpw"> <span class="xoo-el-form-txt">Lost your password? Please enter your username or email address. You will receive a link to create a new password via email.</span> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required user_login_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="user_login" placeholder="Username / Email" value="" required=" "/></div></div></div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="lostPassword"> <input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/about/" /> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-lostpw-btn">Email Reset Link</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> Not a subscriber? <a href="/shop/">Subscribe here</a><br /> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal fade" id="regModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="regModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="loginModal">Register Now</h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div class="modal-body">  <div class="xoo-el-form-container xoo-el-form-inline" data-active="register"> <div class="xoo-el-header"> <ul class="xoo-el-tabs"> <li data-tab="login" class="xoo-el-login-tgr" style="order: 0 ">Login</li> <li data-tab="register" class="xoo-el-reg-tgr" style="order: 1">Register</li> </ul> </div> <div data-section="login" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-login"> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo-el-username_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="xoo-el-username" placeholder="Username / Email" value="" autocomplete="username" required=" "/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo-el-password_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo-el-password" placeholder="Password" value="" autocomplete="current-password" required=" "/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div></div> <div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-el-login-btm-fields"> <label class="xoo-el-form-label"> <input type="checkbox" name="xoo-el-rememberme" value="forever" /> <span>Remember me</span> </label> <a class="xoo-el-lostpw-tgr" rel="nofollow" href="#">Forgot Password?</a> </div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="login"> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-login-btn" >Sign in</button> <input type="hidden" name="xoo_el_redirect" value="/about/"> </form> </div> </div> <div data-section="register" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-register"> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_username_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="xoo_el_reg_username" placeholder="Username" value="" maxlength="20" minlength="3" required=" "/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-email one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_email_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-at"></span><input type="email" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-email" name="xoo_el_reg_email" placeholder="Email" value="" autocomplete="email" required=" "/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_pass_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo_el_reg_pass" placeholder="Password" value="" maxlength="20" minlength="6" autocomplete="new-password" required=" "/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_pass_again_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo_el_reg_pass_again" placeholder="Confirm Password" value="" autocomplete="new-password" required=" "/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div></div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="register"> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-register-btn">Register Free Account</button> <input type="hidden" name="xoo_el_redirect" value="/about/"> </form> </div> </div> <div data-section="lostpw" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-lostpw"> <span class="xoo-el-form-txt">Lost your password? Please enter your username or email address. You will receive a link to create a new password via email.</span> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required user_login_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="user_login" placeholder="Username / Email" value="" required=" "/></div></div></div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="lostPassword"> <input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/about/" /> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-lostpw-btn">Email Reset Link</button> </form> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wrapper"> <header> <div class="fix-top-wrapper">  <div class="top-bar"> <div class="container"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-12 social "> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/MailGuardian/" class="social-box b-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-facebook fa-md" alt="facebook" ></i> </a>     <a href="https://twitter.com/mailandguardian/" target="_blank" class="social-box db-hover"> <i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter"></i> </a>     <a href="https://www.instagram.com/mailandguardian/" class="social-box i-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-instagram fa-md"></i> </a>     <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MGOnlineVideo/" class="social-box y-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-youtube fa-md"></i> </a>     <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mail-&-guardian" class="social-box in-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin fa-md"></i> </a>     <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@mailandguardian" class="social-box tt-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-tiktok fa-md"></i> </a>     <a href="https://www.threads.net/@mailandguardian" class="social-box db-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-threads fa-md"></i> </a> </div> <div class="col-lg-8 col-md-12 users"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-4 careers-top"> <span> <a href="https://careers.mg.co.za/" target="_blank">Careers & Tenders</a> </span> </div>  <div class="col-4 login-top"> <span class="sub-top"><a href="/newsletters/">Newsletters</a></span> </div>  <div class="col-4 profile-top"> <span class="sub-top"><a href="/subscribe/">Subscribe</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav id="header" class="navbar justify-content-end navbar-expand-lg fixed-top"> <div class="container"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://mg.co.za" title="The Mail & Guardian" rel="home"> <img src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/MailGuardian_logo-3.png" alt="The Mail & Guardian" /> </a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12 header-promo"> <marquee class="html-marquee" direction="left" behavior="scroll" scrollamount="4">       <a href="https://mg.co.za/shop?utm_medium=marquee&utm_source=website&utm_campaign=top_promo" class="marquee-title" target="_blank">SUBSCRIBE / Support independent journalism</a>                   <a href="https://careers.mg.co.za?utm_medium=marquee&utm_source=website&utm_campaign=top_promo" class="marquee-title" target="_blank">CAREERS & TENDERS / Visit careers.mg.co.za</a>                   <a href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaJkj7gBadmaS7dcHz2O?utm_medium=marquee&utm_source=website&utm_campaign=top_promo" class="marquee-title" target="_blank">WHATSAPP? / Follow the M&G WhatsApp channel here</a>             </marquee> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12 header-user"> <div class="header-login"><i class="fa fa-sign-in" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span><a href="" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#loginModal">Login / Register</a></span></div> </div> </div> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-12 mobile-container"> <div id="navbar" class="collapse navbar-collapse"> <div class="burger-login show-mobile"> <p> <span><a href="" class="login" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#loginModal">LOGIN</a></span> </p> </div> <ul id="menu-2023-main-menu-v3" class="navbar-nav justify-content-end"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563962" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nav-item menu-item-563962 dropdown"><a title="News" href="#" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="false">News <span class="caret"></span></a><ul role="menu" class="dropdown-menu"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-616742" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-616742"><a title="Africa" href="https://mg.co.za/section/africa/" class="dropdown-item">Africa</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563963" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563963"><a title="Business" href="https://mg.co.za/section/business/" class="dropdown-item">Business</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-611863" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-611863"><a title="Editorial" href="https://mg.co.za/section/editorial/" class="dropdown-item">Editorial</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563964" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563964"><a title="Education" href="https://mg.co.za/section/education/" class="dropdown-item">Education</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563965"><a title="Health" href="https://mg.co.za/section/health/" class="dropdown-item">Health</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563966" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563966"><a title="Motoring" href="https://mg.co.za/section/motoring/" class="dropdown-item">Motoring</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563967" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563967"><a title="National" href="https://mg.co.za/section/news/" class="dropdown-item">National</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563968" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563968"><a title="Sci-tech" href="https://mg.co.za/section/sci-tech/" class="dropdown-item">Sci-tech</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563969" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563969"><a title="Sport" href="https://mg.co.za/section/sport/" class="dropdown-item">Sport</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563970" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563970"><a title="World" href="https://mg.co.za/section/world/" class="dropdown-item">World</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563976" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item menu-item-563976"><a title="Thought Leader" href="https://mg.co.za/section/thought-leader/" class="nav-link">Thought Leader</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563975" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item menu-item-563975"><a title="Politics" href="https://mg.co.za/section/politics/" class="nav-link">Politics</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563977" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item menu-item-563977"><a title="Green Guardian" href="https://mg.co.za/section/the-green-guardian/" class="nav-link">Green Guardian</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563978" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item menu-item-563978"><a title="Friday" href="https://mg.co.za/section/friday/" class="nav-link">Friday</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-624043" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nav-item menu-item-624043 dropdown"><a title="Features" href="#" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="false">Features <span class="caret"></span></a><ul role="menu" class="dropdown-menu"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-624044" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-624044"><a title="Buthelezi, the King's Hand" href="https://mg.co.za/feature/2023-09-13-from-the-mg-archives-buthelezi-the-kings-hand/" class="dropdown-item">Buthelezi, the King’s Hand</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-622813" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-622813"><a title="Cabinet Report Cards 2023" href="https://mg.co.za/cabinet-report-cards-2023/" class="dropdown-item">Cabinet Report Cards 2023</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-622742" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-622742"><a title="Cabinet Report Cards 2012-2021" target="_blank" href="https://cabinet.mg.co.za/" class="dropdown-item">Cabinet Report Cards 2012-2021</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-630781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-630781"><a title="The Fiscal Cliff" href="https://mg.co.za/tag/the-fiscal-cliff/" class="dropdown-item">The Fiscal Cliff</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563982" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item menu-item-563982"><a title="Partners" href="https://mg.co.za/section/partner-content/" class="nav-link">Partners</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-653577" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item menu-item-653577"><a title="Power of Women 2024" href="https://mg.co.za/powerofwomen-2024/" class="nav-link">Power of Women 2024</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563985" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nav-item menu-item-563985 dropdown"><a title="Events" href="#" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="false">Events <span class="caret"></span></a><ul role="menu" class="dropdown-menu"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-650296" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-650296"><a title="200 Young South Africans" href="https://mg.co.za/200youngsouthafricans/" class="dropdown-item">200 Young South Africans</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-660203" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-660203"><a title="Greening The Future" href="https://mg.co.za/greening-the-future-2024/" class="dropdown-item">Greening The Future</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-650323" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-650323 dropdown"><a title="Power Of Women" href="https://mg.co.za/powerofwomen/" class="dropdown-item">Power Of Women</a><ul role="menu" class="dropdown-menu"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-653576" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-653576"><a title="2024 Edition" href="https://mg.co.za/powerofwomen-2024/" class="dropdown-item">2024 Edition</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-640910" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-640910"><a title="Youth Summit" href="https://mg.co.za/200youngsouthafricans-summit/" class="dropdown-item">Youth Summit</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-626928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-626928"><a title="Critical Thinking Forum" href="https://mg.co.za/section/critical-thinking-forum/" class="dropdown-item">Critical Thinking Forum</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563984" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563984"><a title="Webinars" href="https://mg.co.za/section/webinars/" class="dropdown-item">Webinars</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563988" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nav-item menu-item-563988 dropdown"><a title="More.." href="#" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="false">More.. <span class="caret"></span></a><ul role="menu" class="dropdown-menu"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563981" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563981"><a title="Podcasts" href="https://mg.co.za/section/podcasts/" class="dropdown-item">Podcasts</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-616739" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-616739"><a title="Digital Editions" href="https://mg.co.za/section/digital-editions/" class="dropdown-item">Digital Editions</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563990" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563990"><a title="Crossword" href="https://mg.co.za/section/crossword/" class="dropdown-item">Crossword</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-631526" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-631526"><a title="WhatsApp Channel" href="https://www.whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaJkj7gBadmaS7dcHz2O" class="dropdown-item">WhatsApp Channel</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-616418" class="xoo-el-reg-tgr menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-616418"><a title="Register" class="dropdown-item">Register</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-616444" class="xoo-el-login-tgr menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-616444"><a title="Login" class="dropdown-item">Login</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-616445" class="xoo-el-lostpw-tgr menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-616445"><a title="Lost Password" class="dropdown-item">Lost Password</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a href="" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#searchModal"> <i class="fa-sharp fa-solid fa-magnifying-glass"></i> </a> <br> <div class="show-mobile"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/MailGuardian/" class="social-box b-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-facebook"></i> </a>   <a href="https://twitter.com/mailandguardian/" target="_blank" class="social-box db-hover"> <i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter fa-md"></i> </a>   <a href="https://www.instagram.com/mailandguardian/" class="social-box i-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-instagram fa-md"></i> </a>   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MGOnlineVideo/" class="social-box y-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-youtube fa-md"></i> </a>   <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mail-&-guardian" class="social-box in-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin fa-md"></i> </a>   <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@mailandguardian" class="social-box tt-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-tiktok fa-md"></i> </a>   <a href="https://www.threads.net/@mailandguardian" class="social-box db-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-threads fa-md"></i> </a> <br> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-wallpaper'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-wallpaper'); }); </script> </div> <main id="main" class="container fixed_top"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-12"> <div id="post-256232" class="content post-256232 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-about-us">About Us</h2> <p>Welcome to the <em>Mail & Guardian</em>, South Africa’s premier weekly newspaper and website. Since our founding in 1985, we have been committed to delivering quality investigative journalism, insightful commentary and comprehensive news coverage to our readers. With a strong focus on political analysis, Southern African news, the environment, local arts, music and popular culture, we have earned a reputation as a trusted source of information and a newspaper of record for South Africa.</p> <p><strong>Origins and evolution of the Mail & Guardian</strong></p> <p>The publication began as the聽<strong><em>Weekly Mail</em></strong>, an alternative newspaper founded by a group of聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">journalists</a>聽in 1985 after the closure of two leading liberal newspapers,聽<em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rand_Daily_Mail" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Rand Daily Mail</a></em>聽and聽<em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunday_Express_(South_Africa)&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sunday Express</a></em>. The聽<em>Weekly Mail</em>聽criticised the government and its聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">apartheid</a>聽policies, which led to the banning of the paper in 1988 by then聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_President_of_South_Africa" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">State President</a>聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Willem_Botha" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">P. W. Botha</a>. </p> <p>Since then, the company has continuously reinvented itself in response to the changing realities of the country as well as the rapidly evolving media landscape. In 1994, we became the first news organisation in South Africa to launch a website in 1994. </p> <p>In 1995, the聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">London</a>-based聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Guardian Media Group</a>聽(GMG), the publisher of聽<em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Guardian</a></em>, became the majority shareholder of the print edition and the name was changed to聽<em>Mail & Guardian</em>.</p> <p>In 2002, 87.5% of the company was sold to the Newtrust Company Botswana Limited, which was owned by聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor_Ncube" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Trevor Ncube</a>, a聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Zimbabwean</a>聽publisher and entrepreneur.聽Ncube took over as the CEO of the company.</p> <p>In 2006 Media Distribution Africa (MDA) became the聽<em>Mail & Guardian</em>‘s聽national distributor. The change resulted in good circulation growth, despite difficult market conditions. In 2013 the newspaper achieved a record period with 51,551 copies circulated. MDA distributed a number of publications including聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noseweek" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Noseweek</a>聽and聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destiny_(magazine)" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Destiny magazine</a>.</p> <p>In 2017,聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Development_Investment_Fund" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF)</a>, a New York鈥揵ased not-for-profit investment fund, announced that it had acquired a majority stake in the聽<em>Mail & Guardian</em>. The restructured ownership saw the CEO, Hoosain Karjieker, acquire a minority stake in the business as part of a聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Economic_Empowerment" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Black Economic Empowerment</a>聽(BEE) transaction. Staff continue to own a 10% share of the company. The former majority shareholder, Trevor Ncube, disposed of his equity interest.</p> <p>In 2024, the聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Development_Investment_Fund" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">MDIF</a>聽announced that it had聽sold its majority shareholding in the聽<em>Mail & Guardian</em>聽to Karjieker and director Thembisa Fakude. MDIF鈥檚 exit from the Mail & Guardian ended its 22-year association with the company.聽Karjieker has been appointed chairperson of the company and Fakude remains a director of the company.聽Luke Feltham is the editor-in-chief of the newspaper, which has its聽headquarters in Johannesburg.</p> <p><strong>The Mail & Guardian Online</strong></p> <p>In 1994, the聽<strong><em>Mail & Guardian Online</em></strong>聽was launched in conjunction with聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media24" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Media24</a>聽(a subsidiary of the聽<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naspers" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Naspers</a>聽group), becoming the first internet news publication in Africa. It has grown into its own daily news operation and is run out of the聽<em>Mail & Guardian</em>聽offices Johannesburg.聽</p> <p>The website began its life as the <strong><em>Electronic Mail & Guardian</em></strong>, which was initially an e-mail subscription service that allowed readers living outside South Africa to receive <em>Mail & Guardian</em> newspaper stories before they reached newspaper subscribers. Soon after, the service expanded into a searchable online archive, published in partnership with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangonet" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sangonet</a>, the country’s oldest internet service provider. A website was added, which in turn progressed from producing a weekly mirror of the printed newspaper to generating its own daily news.</p> <p>The <em>Mail & Guardian Online</em> was jointly owned by internet service provider <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MWEB" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">MWEB</a> and publishing company M&G Media until M&G Media purchased 100% of the operation in 2008.</p> <p><strong>Our purpose and values</strong></p> <p>At the <em>Mail & Guardian</em>, we are driven by a strong sense of purpose. We believe in the power of independent journalism to foster dialogue, champion truth and effect positive change. Our core values of truth, freedom, justice and equality guide our work and shape our editorial decisions. We aim to create space for debate and diversity, defend freedom of expression and combat racial, political and religious prejudice. Our journalism is rooted in solidarity with the powerless and vulnerable, as we strive for a more just and compassionate South Africa.</p> <p><strong>Comprehensive content and coverage</strong></p> <p>The <em>Mail & Guardian</em> is known for its comprehensive coverage of political analysis, investigative journalism, and news from Southern Africa. Through our online platform, we provide daily news updates, multimedia content and engaging storytelling. Our coverage extends to local, international and African news, with a particular emphasis on hard-hitting political reporting, investigations and beat reporting in areas such as the economy, environment and courts.</p> <p><strong>Ownership and leadership</strong></p> <p>Mail & Guardian Media Ltd is the private company that owns the <em>Mail & Guardian </em>publications. Its major shareholders are Chairperson, Hoosain Karjieker and Director, Thembisa Fakude with minority stakes owned by a Staff Share Trust as well as the original founders of the publication.聽 </p> <p><strong>Awards and recognition</strong></p> <p>Over the years, the <em>Mail & Guardian</em> has received numerous accolades, reinforcing our position as a respected media outlet. We have been honoured with awards such as the CNN African Journalism Award, the Standard Bank Sikuvile Journalism Award, the Vodacom Journalist of the Year Award, and the Bookmark Awards, among others. These awards highlight our dedication to delivering high-quality journalism that makes a difference.</p> <p><strong>Funding and support</strong></p> <p>The <em>Mail & Guardian</em> derives more than 90% of its funds from commercial activities, which ensures our financial independence and freedom from undue influence. This funding model allows us to uphold our commitment to editorial independence and deliver unbiased reporting. While commercial activities form the majority of our funding, we also receive support from donors who share our vision. Donor funding is ring-fenced for specific content sections, such as environment and other social justice issues, ensuring that these important topics receive dedicated coverage.</p> <p><strong>Transparency and accountability</strong></p> <p>At the <em>Mail & Guardian</em>, we value transparency and accountability. Our commercial relationships, including advertising on our digital, social, and print platforms, as well as special events and newsletters, are clearly marked. We uphold a strict code of editorial independence and are proud members of the South African Press Council, ensuring that our readers can trust the integrity of our reporting</p> <p><strong>Contact us</strong></p> <p>For more information or to discuss partnership and support opportunities, please contact us using the information provided below. We look forward to hearing from you and continuing to serve as a reliable source of news and information in South Africa.</p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> </main>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-thirdparty'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-thirdparty'); }); </script> </div> <footer id="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3 pad-a bot-one"> <a href="https://www.mg.co.za"><h3>MAIL & GUARDIAN</h3></a> <h3>ABOUT</h3> <div> <p class="footer-about"> <a href="/about/">About</a><br> <a href="/contact-us/">Contact</a><br> <a href="/advertise/">Advertise</a> </p> <h3>SUBSCRIPTIONS</h3> <p class="footer-subs"> <a href="/subscribe-to-mg/">Subscribe</a><br> <a href="/newsletters/">Newsletters</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 pad-a bot-two"> <h3>FOLLOW</h3> <p class="footer-social"> <a href="https://www.whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaJkj7gBadmaS7dcHz2O?utm_medium=footer&utm_source=website&utm_campaign=link" target="_blank" rel="noopener">WhatsApp Channel</a> <br> <a href="https://twitter.com/mailandguardian/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Twitter</a><br> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/MailGuardian/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Facebook</a><br> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MGOnlineVideo/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a><br> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/mailandguardian/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Instagram</a><br> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mail-&-guardian" target="_blank" rel="noopener">LinkedIn</a> <br> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@mailandguardian" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TikTok</a> <br> <a href="https://www.threads.net/@mailandguardian" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Threads</a> </p> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 pad-a bot-three"> <h3>FLAGSHIP EVENTS</h3> <p class="footer-resources"> <a href="/200youngsouthafricans/">200 Young South Africans</a><br> <a href="/powerofwomen/">Power Of Women</a><br> <a href="/greeningthefuture/">Greening The Future</a><br> </p> <h3>LEGAL & CORRECTIONS</h3> <p class="footer-legal"> <a href="/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a><br> <a href="/cookie-policy/">Cookie Policy</a><br> <a href="/ethics-and-social-media-policy/">Ethics & Social Media Policy</a> </p> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 pad-a bot-four"> <h3>RESOURCES</h3> <p class="footer-resources"> <a href="https://careers.mg.co.za" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mail & Guardian Careers</a><br> <a href="https://property.mg.co.za" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Property for sale</a> </p> <br> <a href="https://www.mg.co.za"><img src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/red-ampersand.png" alt="Mail & Guardian" style="width:70px; margin-top:10px;"></a> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="col-12 copyright"> <p>© 2024 The Mail & Guardian. All rights reserved.</p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div>   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KP9VVDQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>    <noscript><img src="https://edgecdn.dev/code?mode=img&code=9d25d79f67201140ef9a0f6c4dbf7e43&title=++About+Us" alt="Non-javascript browsers support" border='0' width='1' height='1' /></noscript>  <div class="xoo-el-container xoo-el-style-popup" style="visibility: hidden;"> <div class="xoo-el-opac"></div> <div class="xoo-el-modal"> <div class="xoo-el-inmodal"> <span class="xoo-el-close xoo-el-icon-cross"></span> <div class="xoo-el-wrap"> <div class="xoo-el-sidebar"></div> <div class="xoo-el-srcont"> <div class="xoo-el-main"> <div class="xoo-el-form-container xoo-el-form-popup" data-active="login"> <div class="xoo-el-header"> <ul class="xoo-el-tabs"> <li data-tab="login" class="xoo-el-login-tgr" style="order: 1 ">Login</li> <li data-tab="register" class="xoo-el-reg-tgr" style="order: 2">Register</li> </ul> </div> <div data-section="login" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-login"> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo-el-username_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="xoo-el-username" placeholder="Username / Email" value="" autocomplete="username" required=" "/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo-el-password_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo-el-password" placeholder="Password" value="" autocomplete="current-password" required=" "/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div></div> <div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-el-login-btm-fields"> <label class="xoo-el-form-label"> <input type="checkbox" name="xoo-el-rememberme" value="forever" /> <span>Remember me</span> </label> <a class="xoo-el-lostpw-tgr" rel="nofollow" href="#">Forgot Password?</a> </div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="login"> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-login-btn" >Sign in</button> <input type="hidden" name="xoo_el_redirect" value="/about/"> </form> </div> </div> <div data-section="register" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-register"> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_username_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="xoo_el_reg_username" placeholder="Username" value="" maxlength="20" minlength="3" required=" "/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-email one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_email_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-at"></span><input type="email" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-email" name="xoo_el_reg_email" placeholder="Email" value="" autocomplete="email" required=" "/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_pass_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo_el_reg_pass" placeholder="Password" value="" maxlength="20" minlength="6" autocomplete="new-password" required=" "/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_pass_again_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo_el_reg_pass_again" placeholder="Confirm Password" value="" autocomplete="new-password" required=" "/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div></div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="register"> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-register-btn">Register Free Account</button> <input type="hidden" name="xoo_el_redirect" value="/about/"> </form> </div> </div> <div data-section="lostpw" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-lostpw"> <span class="xoo-el-form-txt">Lost your password? Please enter your username or email address. You will receive a link to create a new password via email.</span> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required user_login_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="user_login" placeholder="Username / Email" value="" required=" "/></div></div></div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="lostPassword"> <input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/about/" /> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-lostpw-btn">Email Reset Link</button> </form> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="cmplz-cookiebanner-container"><div class="cmplz-cookiebanner cmplz-hidden banner-1 banner-a optin cmplz-bottom-right cmplz-categories-type-view-preferences" aria-modal="true" data-nosnippet="true" role="dialog" aria-live="polite" aria-labelledby="cmplz-header-1-optin" aria-describedby="cmplz-message-1-optin"> <div class="cmplz-header"> <div class="cmplz-logo"></div> <div class="cmplz-title" id="cmplz-header-1-optin">Manage Consent</div> <div class="cmplz-close" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Close dialogue"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="times" class="svg-inline--fa fa-times fa-w-11" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 352 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M242.72 256l100.07-100.07c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48l-22.24-22.24c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L176 189.28 75.93 89.21c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L9.21 111.45c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48L109.28 256 9.21 356.07c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48l22.24 22.24c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0L176 322.72l100.07 100.07c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0l22.24-22.24c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48L242.72 256z"></path></svg> </div> </div> <div class="cmplz-divider cmplz-divider-header"></div> <div class="cmplz-body"> <div class="cmplz-message" id="cmplz-message-1-optin">To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions.</div>  <div class="cmplz-categories"> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-functional" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Functional</span> <span class='cmplz-always-active'> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-functional-optin" data-category="cmplz_functional" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-functional" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-functional-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Functional</span></label> </span> Always active </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-functional">The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-preferences" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Preferences</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-preferences-optin" data-category="cmplz_preferences" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-preferences" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-preferences-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Preferences</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-preferences">The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-statistics" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Statistics</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-statistics-optin" data-category="cmplz_statistics" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-statistics" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-statistics-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Statistics</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-statistics">The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes.</span> <span class="cmplz-description-statistics-anonymous">The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-marketing" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Marketing</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-marketing-optin" data-category="cmplz_marketing" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-marketing" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-marketing-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Marketing</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-marketing">The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.</span> </div> </details> </div> </div> <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-information"> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-options cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">Manage options</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-third-parties cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-cookies-overview">Manage services</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-vendors tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-tcf-wrapper">Manage {vendor_count} vendors</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-external cmplz-read-more-purposes tcf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://cookiedatabase.org/tcf/purposes/">Read more about these purposes</a> </div> <div class="cmplz-divider cmplz-footer"></div> <div class="cmplz-buttons"> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-accept">Accept</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-deny">Deny</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-view-preferences">View preferences</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-save-preferences">Save preferences</button> <a class="cmplz-btn cmplz-manage-options tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">View preferences</a> </div> <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-documents"> <a class="cmplz-link cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> <a class="cmplz-link privacy-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> <a class="cmplz-link impressum" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cmplz-manage-consent" data-nosnippet="true"><button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-hidden cmplz-manage-consent manage-consent-1">Manage consent</button> </div> <script> gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'timestamp': '2024-11-25T20:04:50Z', 'user_id': '0', 'page_path': '/about/' }); </script> <script type="application/ld+json" id="slim-seo-schema">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://mg.co.za/#website","url":"https://mg.co.za/","name":"The Mail & Guardian","potentialAction":{"@id":"https://mg.co.za/#searchaction"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://mg.co.za/#organization"}},{"@type":"SearchAction","@id":"https://mg.co.za/#searchaction","target":"https://mg.co.za/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","name":"Breadcrumbs","@id":"https://mg.co.za/about/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://mg.co.za/"}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://mg.co.za/about/#webpage","url":"https://mg.co.za/about/","inLanguage":"en_ZA","name":"About Us – The Mail & Guardian","description":"About Us Welcome to the Mail & Guardian , South Africa's premier weekly newspaper and website. Since our founding in 1985, we have been committed to deliver","datePublished":"2019-10-21T11:20:37+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-11T08:57:07+00:00","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://mg.co.za/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://mg.co.za/about/#breadcrumblist"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://mg.co.za/about/#thumbnail"},"image":{"@id":"https://mg.co.za/about/#thumbnail"}},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://mg.co.za/#organization","url":"https://mg.co.za/","name":"The Mail & Guardian","logo":{"@id":"https://mg.co.za/#logo"},"image":{"@id":"https://mg.co.za/#logo"}},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://mg.co.za/#logo","url":"https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/98413e17-logosml.jpeg","width":225,"height":225},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://mg.co.za/about/#thumbnail","url":"https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/24fe78d8-mg_logo_white_bg.png","width":1000,"height":169}]}</script> <script type='text/javascript'> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <script id="xoo-el-js-js-extra"> var xoo_el_localize = {"adminurl":"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","redirectDelay":"300","html":{"spinner":"<i class=\"xoo-el-icon-spinner8 xoo-el-spinner\"><\/i>","editField":"<span class=\"xoo-el-edit-em\">Change?<\/span>","notice":{"error":"<div class=\"xoo-el-notice-error \">%s<\/div>","success":"<div class=\"xoo-el-notice-success \">%s<\/div>"}},"autoOpenPopup":"no","autoOpenPopupOnce":"no","aoDelay":"500","loginClass":"","registerClass":"","errorLog":"no"}; </script> <script src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/easy-login-woocommerce/assets/js/xoo-el-js.js?ver=2.7.6" id="xoo-el-js-js"></script> <script src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/themes/MG-Boot-Child/assets/dist/main.bundle.js?ver=1.0" id="mainjs-js"></script> <script id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js-extra"> var complianz = {"prefix":"cmplz_","user_banner_id":"1","set_cookies":[],"block_ajax_content":"","banner_version":"27186","version":"7.1.0","store_consent":"","do_not_track_enabled":"","consenttype":"optin","region":"za","geoip":"","dismiss_timeout":"","disable_cookiebanner":"","soft_cookiewall":"","dismiss_on_scroll":"","cookie_expiry":"365","url":"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/wp-json\/complianz\/v1\/","locale":"lang=en&locale=en_ZA","set_cookies_on_root":"","cookie_domain":"","current_policy_id":"24","cookie_path":"\/","categories":{"statistics":"statistics","marketing":"marketing"},"tcf_active":"","placeholdertext":"Click to accept {category} cookies and enable this content","css_file":"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/wp-content\/uploads\/complianz\/css\/banner-{banner_id}-{type}.css?v=27186","page_links":{"za":{"cookie-statement":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/2017-06-02-red-ants-evict-residents-from-prasa-owned-land-in-newtown\/"}}},"tm_categories":"1","forceEnableStats":"","preview":"","clean_cookies":"","aria_label":"Click to accept {category} cookies and enable this content"}; </script> <script defer src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/complianz-gdpr/cookiebanner/js/complianz.min.js?ver=1728908696" id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js"></script> <script id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js-after"> if ('undefined' != typeof window.jQuery) { jQuery(document).ready(function ($) { $(document).on('elementor/popup/show', () => { let rev_cats = cmplz_categories.reverse(); for (let key in rev_cats) { if (rev_cats.hasOwnProperty(key)) { let category = cmplz_categories[key]; if (cmplz_has_consent(category)) { document.querySelectorAll('[data-category="' + category + '"]').forEach(obj => { cmplz_remove_placeholder(obj); }); } } } let services = cmplz_get_services_on_page(); for (let key in services) { if (services.hasOwnProperty(key)) { let service = services[key].service; let category = services[key].category; if (cmplz_has_service_consent(service, category)) { document.querySelectorAll('[data-service="' + service + '"]').forEach(obj => { cmplz_remove_placeholder(obj); }); } } } }); }); } document.addEventListener("cmplz_enable_category", function(consentData) { var category = consentData.detail.category; var services = consentData.detail.services; var blockedContentContainers = []; let selectorVideo = '.cmplz-elementor-widget-video-playlist[data-category="'+category+'"],.elementor-widget-video[data-category="'+category+'"]'; let selectorGeneric = '[data-cmplz-elementor-href][data-category="'+category+'"]'; for (var skey in services) { if (services.hasOwnProperty(skey)) { let service = skey; selectorVideo +=',.cmplz-elementor-widget-video-playlist[data-service="'+service+'"],.elementor-widget-video[data-service="'+service+'"]'; selectorGeneric +=',[data-cmplz-elementor-href][data-service="'+service+'"]'; } } document.querySelectorAll(selectorVideo).forEach(obj => { let elementService = obj.getAttribute('data-service'); if ( cmplz_is_service_denied(elementService) ) { return; } if (obj.classList.contains('cmplz-elementor-activated')) return; obj.classList.add('cmplz-elementor-activated'); if ( obj.hasAttribute('data-cmplz_elementor_widget_type') ){ let attr = obj.getAttribute('data-cmplz_elementor_widget_type'); obj.classList.removeAttribute('data-cmplz_elementor_widget_type'); obj.classList.setAttribute('data-widget_type', attr); } if (obj.classList.contains('cmplz-elementor-widget-video-playlist')) { obj.classList.remove('cmplz-elementor-widget-video-playlist'); obj.classList.add('elementor-widget-video-playlist'); } obj.setAttribute('data-settings', obj.getAttribute('data-cmplz-elementor-settings')); blockedContentContainers.push(obj); }); document.querySelectorAll(selectorGeneric).forEach(obj => { let elementService = obj.getAttribute('data-service'); if ( cmplz_is_service_denied(elementService) ) { return; } if (obj.classList.contains('cmplz-elementor-activated')) return; if (obj.classList.contains('cmplz-fb-video')) { obj.classList.remove('cmplz-fb-video'); obj.classList.add('fb-video'); } obj.classList.add('cmplz-elementor-activated'); obj.setAttribute('data-href', obj.getAttribute('data-cmplz-elementor-href')); blockedContentContainers.push(obj.closest('.elementor-widget')); }); /** * Trigger the widgets in Elementor */ for (var key in blockedContentContainers) { if (blockedContentContainers.hasOwnProperty(key) && blockedContentContainers[key] !== undefined) { let blockedContentContainer = blockedContentContainers[key]; if (elementorFrontend.elementsHandler) { elementorFrontend.elementsHandler.runReadyTrigger(blockedContentContainer) } var cssIndex = blockedContentContainer.getAttribute('data-placeholder_class_index'); blockedContentContainer.classList.remove('cmplz-blocked-content-container'); blockedContentContainer.classList.remove('cmplz-placeholder-' + cssIndex); } } }); </script> <script src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/themes/MG-Boot-Child/scripts/navbar.js" id="scroll-js"></script>  <script data-category="functional"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer',''); </script>  <script> setTimeout(function(){ !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '240301127055037'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); }, 4000); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=240301127055037&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/> </noscript>   <script> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:3180248,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script> </body> </html>