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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>His family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-His_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_political_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_political_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early political activity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_political_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Easter_Rising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Easter_Rising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Easter Rising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Easter_Rising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_of_Sinn_Féin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_of_Sinn_Féin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>President of Sinn Féin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_of_Sinn_Féin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_of_Dáil_Éireann" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_of_Dáil_Éireann"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>President of Dáil Éireann</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_of_Dáil_Éireann-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_of_the_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_of_the_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>President of the Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_of_the_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Treaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Treaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>The Treaty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_'empty_formula'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_'empty_formula'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>The 'empty formula'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_'empty_formula'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Back_in_Power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Back_in_Power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Back in Power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Back_in_Power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_Valera's_new_constitution_–_Bunreacht_na_hÉireann" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_Valera's_new_constitution_–_Bunreacht_na_hÉireann"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>De Valera's new constitution – Bunreacht na hÉireann</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_Valera's_new_constitution_–_Bunreacht_na_hÉireann-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neutrality_in_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neutrality_in_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Neutrality in World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neutrality_in_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post–war_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post–war_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Post–war period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post–war_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Éamon de Valera</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="إيمون دي فاليرا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيمون دي فاليرا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Эйман дэ Валера – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эйман дэ Валера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Эйман дэ Валера – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эйман дэ Валера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Еймън де Валера – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Еймън де Валера" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amonn_de_Valera" title="Éamonn de Valera – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Éamonn de Valera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5_%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Έιμαν ντε Βαλέρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έιμαν ντε Βαλέρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ایمون دو والرا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایمون دو والرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EB%A8%BC_%EB%8D%B0_%EB%B2%8C%EB%A0%88%EB%9D%BC" title="에이먼 데 벌레라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에이먼 데 벌레라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%A5_%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Իմոն դե Վալերա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իմոն դե Վալերա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="איימון דה ואלירה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איימון דה ואלירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="იმონ დე ვალერა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იმონ დე ვალერა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Имон де Валера – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Имон де Валера" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmundus_de_Valera" title="Edmundus de Valera – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Edmundus de Valera" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1" title="യേമൻ ഡി വലേറ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യേമൻ ഡി വലേറ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ايمون دى فاليرا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايمون دى فاليرا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A9" title="エイモン・デ・ヴァレラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エイモン・デ・ヴァレラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eamon_de_Valera" title="Eamon de Valera – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Eamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ایمون دو والرا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ایمون دو والرا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0,_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Де Валера, Имон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Де Валера, Имон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%98%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ејмон де Валера – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ејмон де Валера" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="เอมัน เดฟเลอรา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอมัน เดฟเลอรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Еймон де Валера – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еймон де Валера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ڈی ولیرا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈی ولیرا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E8%90%8A%E6%8B%89" title="埃蒙·德·瓦萊拉 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="埃蒙·德·瓦萊拉" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Éamon de Valera" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E8%8E%B1%E6%8B%89" title="埃蒙·德·瓦莱拉 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃蒙·德·瓦莱拉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E5%88%A9%E6%8B%89" title="伊蒙·德維利拉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊蒙·德維利拉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%93%A6%E8%8E%B1%E6%8B%89" title="埃蒙·德瓦莱拉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃蒙·德瓦莱拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/His_Excellency" class="mw-redirect" title="His Excellency">His Excellency</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline-block; font-size:125%;" class="fn">Éamon de Valera</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/220px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/330px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/440px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1328" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">De Valera, photographed c. 1922–30</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em">3rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President of Ireland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 June 1959 – 24 June 1973</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Taoiseach</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Liam Cosgrave</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_T._O%27Kelly" class="mw-redirect" title="Seán T. O'Kelly">Seán T. O'Kelly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Erskine_Hamilton_Childers" title="Erskine Hamilton Childers">Erskine H. Childers</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em">2nd <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 March 1957 – 23 June 1959</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Seán T. O'Kelly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste" title="Tánaiste">Tánaiste</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Seán Lemass</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Seán Lemass</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 June 1951 – 2 June 1954</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Seán T. O'Kelly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste" title="Tánaiste">Tánaiste</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Seán Lemass</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John A. Costello</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John A. Costello</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />29 December 1937 – 18 February 1948</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hyde" title="Douglas Hyde">Douglas Hyde</a><br />Seán T. O'Kelly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste" title="Tánaiste">Tánaiste</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Seán T. O'Kelly<br />Seán Lemass</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">New office</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John A. Costello</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_Leaders_of_the_Opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Irish Leaders of the Opposition">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2 June 1954 – 20 March 1957</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Seán T. O'Kelly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Taoiseach</th><td class="infobox-data">John A. Costello</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John A. Costello</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John A. Costello</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 February 1948 – 13 June 1951</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Seán T. O'Kelly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Taoiseach</th><td class="infobox-data">John A. Costello</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Mulcahy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Mulcahy (not yet started)">Richard Mulcahy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John A. Costello</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 August 1927 – 9 March 1932</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Johnson_(Irish_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Johnson (Irish politician) (not yet started)">Thomas Johnson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">W. T. Cosgrave</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Leader of Fianna Fáil">Leader of Fianna Fáil</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 March 1926 – 23 June 1959</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">New office</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Seán Lemass</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State (not yet started)">President of the Executive Council</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />9 March 1932 – 29 December 1937</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Seán T. O'Kelly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">W. T. Cosgrave</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Office abolished</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_Irish_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of the Irish Republic (not yet started)">President of the Irish Republic</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 August 1921 – 9 January 1922</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">New office</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Griffith" title="Arthur Griffith">Arthur Griffith</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em">2nd <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of Dáil Éireann (not yet started)">President of Dáil Éireann</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 April 1919 – 26 August 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathal_Brugha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathal Brugha (not yet started)">Cathal Brugha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Office abolished </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em;"><div style="margin:0 3.5em">Constituencies represented</div></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">Teachta Dála</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_Irish_general_election,_1922&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 Irish general election, 1922 (not yet started)">August 1922</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Irish_presidential_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Irish presidential election (not yet started)">June 1959</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clare_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clare (Dáil constituency) (not yet started)">Clare</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=1918_Irish_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1918 Irish general election (not yet started)">December 1918</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_Irish_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 Irish general election (not yet started)">June 1922</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Clare_(UK_Parliament_constituency)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Clare (UK Parliament constituency) (not yet started)">Clare East</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Commons_of_Northern_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House of Commons of Northern Ireland (not yet started)">Member of the Northern Ireland Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Down_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Down (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency) (not yet started)">South Down</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />30 November 1933 – 9 February 1938</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John Henry Collins</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Brown_(Northern_Ireland_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Brown (Northern Ireland politician) (not yet started)">James Brown</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Commons_of_Northern_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House of Commons of Northern Ireland (not yet started)">Member of the Northern Ireland Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Down_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Down (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency) (not yet started)">Down</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 May 1921 – 22 May 1929</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Constituency created</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Constituency abolished</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Clare_(UK_Parliament_constituency)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Clare (UK Parliament constituency) (not yet started)">East Clare</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 July 1917 – 15 November 1922</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willie_Redmond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willie Redmond (not yet started)">Willie Redmond</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Constituency abolished </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">George de Valero</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1882-10-14</span>)</span>14 October 1882<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 August 1975<span style="display:none">(1975-08-29)</span> (aged 92)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackrock,_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackrock, Dublin (not yet started)">Blackrock, Dublin</a>, Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">Pneumonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">heart failure</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glasnevin_Cemetery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glasnevin Cemetery (not yet started)">Glasnevin Cemetery</a>, Dublin, Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">Irish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumann_na_Poblachta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cumann na Poblachta (not yet started)">Cumann na Poblachta</a><br />(1922–1923)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a><br />(1916–1922)<br />(1923–1926)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sin%C3%A9ad_de_Valera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinéad de Valera (not yet started)">Sinéad de Valera</a><br />(m. 1910; d. 1975)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122542">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vivion_de_Valera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vivion de Valera (not yet started)">Vivion</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1irin_de_Val%C3%A9ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Máirin de Valéra (not yet started)">Máirín</a></li><li>Éamon</li><li>Brian</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%BAaidhr%C3%AD_de_Valera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rúaidhrí de Valera (not yet started)">Rúaidhrí</a></li><li>Emer</li><li>Terence</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Juan Vivion de Valera</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Coll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catherine Coll (not yet started)">Catherine Coll</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C.B.S._Charleville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C.B.S. Charleville (not yet started)">C.B.S. Charleville</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackrock_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackrock College (not yet started)">Blackrock College</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_University_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal University of Ireland (not yet started)">Royal University of Ireland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher">Teacher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">Politician</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89amon_de_Valera_Signature_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Éamon de Valera's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%C3%89amon_de_Valera_Signature_2.svg/128px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera_Signature_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%C3%89amon_de_Valera_Signature_2.svg/192px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera_Signature_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%C3%89amon_de_Valera_Signature_2.svg/256px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera_Signature_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="58" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Éamon de Valera</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (born with the name <b>Edward George de Valera</b>, <small>English pronunciation: </small><span class="nowrap"><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈeɪmən dɛ vəˈlɛɹə/</a></span></span>) (14 October 1882 – 29 August 1975<span style="display:none">(1975-08-29)</span> (aged 92)) was one of the dominant political figures in 20th century <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. Co-owner of one of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish Press (not yet started)">Irish Press Newspapers</a>, he served in public office from 1917 to 1973. Several times he was either head of state or head of government in Ireland. </p><p>De Valera was a leader of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>'s struggle for independence from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a>. He also led opposition to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Irish_Treaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty (not yet started)">anti-Treaty</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a>. De Valera was the author of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunreacht_na_h%C3%89ireann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bunreacht na hÉireann (not yet started)">Constitution of Ireland</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="His_family">His family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: His family" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: His family"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Valera was born in the New York Nursery and Child's Hospital in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> in 1882 to an Irish mother; he said that his parents were <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Coll_Wheelwright&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catherine Coll Wheelwright (not yet started)">Catherine Coll Wheelwright</a>, an immigrant from Bruree, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick_(county)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limerick (county) (not yet started)">County Limerick</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Vivion_de_Valera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Vivion de Valera (not yet started)">Juan Vivion de Valera</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a>-<a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuban</a> settler and sculptor, and that they were married in 1881 in New York. </p><p>In 1885, after his father's death, de Valera was taken to Ireland by his Uncle Ned. He was brought up by his grandmother Elizabeth Coll, her son Patrick and her daughter Hannie, in County Limerick. At the age of sixteen, he won a scholarship to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackrock_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackrock College (not yet started)">Blackrock College</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_(county)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dublin (county) (not yet started)">County Dublin</a>. In his first year in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackrock_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackrock College (not yet started)">Blackrock College</a> he was Student of the Year. In 1903 was became mathematics teacher at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockwell_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rockwell College (not yet started)">Rockwell College</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tipperary_(county)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tipperary (county) (not yet started)">County Tipperary</a>. When he graduated in mathematics from the Royal University of Ireland he went back to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackrock_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackrock College (not yet started)">Blackrock College</a> He taught in many other colleges, including Belvedere college where he taught <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Barry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kevin Barry (not yet started)">Kevin Barry</a>, the young Irish republican hanged by the British during the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_activity">Early political activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Early political activity" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Early political activity"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Valera was an active <i>gaeilgeoir</i> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a> enthusiast). In 1908 he joined the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaelic_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaelic League (not yet started)">Conradh na Gaeilge</a> (the Gaelic League), where he met <a href="/wiki/Dubhghlas_de_h%C3%8Dde" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubhghlas de hÍde">Dubhghlas de hÍde</a>, later first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President of Ireland</a>, and also <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sin%C3%A9ad_Flanagan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinéad Flanagan (not yet started)">Sinéad Flanagan</a>, another teacher who he married on 8 January 1910 at St Paul's Church, Arran Quay, <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Easter_Rising">Easter Rising</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Easter Rising" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Easter Rising"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 25 November 1913 he joined the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Volunteers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish Volunteers (not yet started)">Irish Volunteers</a>. He was soon elected captain of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donnybrook,_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donnybrook, Dublin (not yet started)">Donnybrook</a> company, then commandant of the Third Battalion and adjutant of the Dublin Brigade. He also joined the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Irish Republican Brotherhood">Irish Republican Brotherhood</a>, which secretly controlled the central executive of the Volunteers. </p><p>On 24 April 1916 the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> began. De Valera occupied Boland's Mills, Grand Canal Street in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>. After the fighting de Valera was court-martialled, convicted, and sentenced to death, but the sentence was changed to for life imprisonment. This was because he was not kept in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilmainham_Jail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilmainham Jail (not yet started)">Kilmainham Jail</a> with the first prisoners executed. The delay meant British authorities started to check if he really was an <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> citizen, and wonder how the United States would react to the execution of one of its citizens. </p><p>De Valera's supporters say he showed leadership skills and a great ability for planning. His enemies claim he suffered a <a href="/wiki/Nervous_breakdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Nervous breakdown">nervous breakdown</a> during the Rising. </p><p>After imprisonment in <a href="/wiki/Dartmoor" title="Dartmoor">Dartmoor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lewes" title="Lewes">Lewes</a> prisons in England, de Valera and other prisoners were released under an <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a> in June 1917. On 10 July 1917 he was elected member of the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">British House of Commons</a> for East Clare (the constituency which he represented in <a href="/wiki/Dail_Eireann" class="mw-redirect" title="Dail Eireann">Dail Eireann</a> until 1959) in a <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-election</a> after MP <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hoey_Kearney_Redmond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hoey Kearney Redmond (not yet started)">Willie Redmond</a> died fighting in World War I. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="President_of_Sinn_Féin"><span id="President_of_Sinn_F.C3.A9in"></span>President of Sinn Féin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: President of Sinn Féin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: President of Sinn Féin"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>British newspapers and picture postcards often called the Easter Rising the Sinn Féin rebellion. From 1917 de Valera was president of <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a>. He and the other survivors of the Rising took over Sinn Féin and then turned into a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republican</a> party. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Griffith" title="Arthur Griffith">Arthur Griffith</a>, had wanted an Anglo-Irish "dual monarchy", with an independent Ireland governed separately from Britain, their only link being a shared monarch, like Canada and Britain today. </p><p>That had been the way Ireland was governed with the so-called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_1782&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitution of 1782 (not yet started)">Constitution of 1782</a> under <a href="/wiki/Henry_Grattan" title="Henry Grattan">Henry Grattan</a>, until Ireland joined with Great Britain to form the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> in 1801. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="President_of_Dáil_Éireann"><span id="President_of_D.C3.A1il_.C3.89ireann"></span>President of Dáil Éireann</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: President of Dáil Éireann" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: President of Dáil Éireann"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7846683">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid 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0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6670383">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading navbox-abovebelow"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of Dáil Éireann (not yet started)">President of Dáil Éireann</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.4em 0.4em;line-height:1.1em;white-space:nowrap;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathalbrugha.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cathal Brugha"><img alt="Cathal Brugha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cathalbrugha.JPG/100px-Cathalbrugha.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cathalbrugha.JPG/150px-Cathalbrugha.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cathalbrugha.JPG/200px-Cathalbrugha.JPG 2x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>Cathal Brugha</figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathal_Brugha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathal Brugha (not yet started)">Cathal Brugha</a><br /><small>(Jan–Apr 1919)</small></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.4em 0.4em;line-height:1.1em;white-space:nowrap;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89amon_de_Valera_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Éamon de Valera"><img alt="Éamon de Valera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%C3%89amon_de_Valera_02.jpg/100px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%C3%89amon_de_Valera_02.jpg/150px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%C3%89amon_de_Valera_02.jpg/200px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>Éamon de Valera</figcaption></figure> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Éamon de Valera</a><br /><small>(1919 – Aug 1921)</small></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading navbox-abovebelow"> President of the Republic</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.4em 0.4em;line-height:1.1em;white-space:nowrap;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89amon_de_Valera_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Éamon de Valera"><img alt="Éamon de Valera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%C3%89amon_de_Valera_02.jpg/100px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%C3%89amon_de_Valera_02.jpg/150px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%C3%89amon_de_Valera_02.jpg/200px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>Éamon de Valera</figcaption></figure> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Éamon de Valera</a><br /><small>(Aug 1921 – Jan 1922)</small></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading navbox-abovebelow"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;">President of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.4em 0.4em;line-height:1.1em;white-space:nowrap;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_Griffith_(1871-1922).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arthur Griffith"><img alt="Arthur Griffith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Arthur_Griffith_%281871-1922%29.jpg/100px-Arthur_Griffith_%281871-1922%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Arthur_Griffith_%281871-1922%29.jpg/150px-Arthur_Griffith_%281871-1922%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Arthur_Griffith_%281871-1922%29.jpg/200px-Arthur_Griffith_%281871-1922%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1355" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption>Arthur Griffith</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Griffith" title="Arthur Griffith">Arthur Griffith</a><br /><small>(Jan–Aug 1922)</small></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.4em 0.4em;line-height:1.1em;white-space:nowrap;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WTCosgrave2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="W. T. Cosgrave"><img alt="W. T. Cosgrave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/WTCosgrave2.jpg/100px-WTCosgrave2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/WTCosgrave2.jpg/150px-WTCosgrave2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/WTCosgrave2.jpg/200px-WTCosgrave2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>W. T. Cosgrave</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a><br /><small>(Aug–Dec 1922)</small></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below navbox-abovebelow"> <span class="nobold">Office abolished<br />December 1922</span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PriomhAire" title="Template:PriomhAire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:PriomhAire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:PriomhAire (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:PriomhAire&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> Sinn Féin won 73 out of 104 Irish seats in the 1918 general election. A lot more people wanted an independent Ireland after the leaders of the Easter Rising were executed of the 1916 leaders and the threat of <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a>. In January 1919, these Sinn Féin MPs, or "<a href="/wiki/TD" class="mw-redirect" title="TD">TD</a>"s, met in the Mansion House (City Hall), Dublin and formed the First <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> (English: <span lang="en">Assembly of Ireland</span>). </p><p>De Valera was not at this meeting because he had been arrested. He escaped from Lincoln Prison in February 1919, and when he got back to Dublin he replaced Cathal Brugha as Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Príomh Aire</i>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A1il_Constitution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dáil Constitution (not yet started)">Dáil Constitution</a> passed by the Dáil said that the Príomh Aire was <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a> not <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>. </p><p>In September 1919 the <a href="/wiki/British_government" class="mw-redirect" title="British government">British authorities</a> said that The Dáil was illegal. The fighting against Britain escalated into the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> (also called the 'Anglo-Irish War'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="President_of_the_Republic">President of the Republic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: President of the Republic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: President of the Republic"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 1921, he got back from the United States with a loan of $5,500,000 This made him very popular. </p><p>In August 1921 de Valera had Dáil Éireann change the 1919 Dáil <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">Constitution</a> to upgrade his title from prime minister to <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_Irish_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of the Irish Republic (not yet started)">President of the Republic</a>. He said that as Irish head of state he would not go to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Irish_Treaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty (not yet started)">Treaty Negotiations</a> of October–December 1921 because the British head of state, <a href="/wiki/George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George V of the United Kingdom">King George V</a> would not be there either. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Treaty">The Treaty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: The Treaty" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: The Treaty"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Treaty replaced the Republic by a <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">British Commonwealth</a> with the King represented by a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_the_Irish_Free_State&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Governor-General of the Irish Free State (not yet started)">Governor-General of the Irish Free State</a>. This was just how Canada was governed. Treaty was finally signed on 6 December 1921. </p><p>De Valera's opponents said that he did not join the negotiations because he knew that the British would only allow an Irish dominion, not a republic, and did not want to be blamed for giving up the idea of a republic. De Valera said he was angry because the delegates working out the treaty had not asked him before signing the treaty. But at a secret session of the Dáil during the Treaty Debates and publicised in January 1922, his ideas for a treaty included dominion status, the 'Treaty Ports',<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a veto by the parliament in Belfast, and the king as head of the Commonwealth. Ireland's would pay a share of the imperial debt.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Treaty was accepted by 64 votes to 57, de Valera and a large minority of Sinn Féin <a href="/wiki/TD" class="mw-redirect" title="TD">TDs</a> left Dáil Éireann. He resigned and Arthur Griffith was elected <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of Dáil Éireann (not yet started)">President of Dáil Éireann</a> in his place.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In March 1922, de Valera made an angry speech saying that, if the Treaty was accepted, it might be necessary to "wade through Irish blood" to achieve Irish freedom. Later he said that <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7427041">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>the IRA would have to wade through, perhaps, the blood of some of the members of the Government, in order to get Irish freedom</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>De Valera, speaking in Thurles</cite></div></blockquote><p> De Valera's enemies said that this was encouraging civil war. </p><p>Civil War broke out in late June 1922. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civil_War">Civil War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Civil War" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Civil War"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a> started on 28 June 1922 and ended in May 1923 when the pro-treaty Free State forces beat the anti-Treaty <a href="/wiki/IRA" class="mw-disambig" title="IRA">IRA</a>. </p><p>De Valera was supposed to be the head of the anti-Treatyites, but he had little power. Usually he had little influence with the IRA Chief of Staff, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liam_Lynch_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liam Lynch (general) (not yet started)">Liam Lynch</a>. De Valera formed a republican government on 25 October 1922 but it had no real authority and was never like the Dáil governments of 1919–21, which was an alternative government to the British, even running their own courts. </p><p>When the IRA's new Chief of Staff called a ceasefire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Aiken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Aiken (not yet started)">Frank Aiken</a> on 30 May 1923 the government had won. Many republicans were arrested when they came out of hiding and returned home. De Valera was arrested in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clare_(county)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clare (county) (not yet started)">County Clare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internment" class="mw-redirect" title="Internment">interned</a> until 1924. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_'empty_formula'"><span id="The_.27empty_formula.27"></span>The 'empty formula'</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: The 'empty formula'" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: The 'empty formula'"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Valera resigned from the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> after losing a vote to accept the Free State Constitution (if the Oath of Allegiance was dropped). In March 1926 he formed a new party, <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> (Soldiers of Destiny). Fianna Fáil was successful in elections, but for over a year a it did not take its seats in the Dáil. When a new law made candidates promise to take the oath if elected, de Valera and his TDs took the Oath of Allegiance in 1927. They said the oath was "an empty formula" that is, just words they had to say, they did not have to believe them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Back_in_Power">Back in Power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Back in Power" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Back in Power"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Six years after it was founded <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> won 72 seats in the 1932 general election, and had a <i>plurality</i> in the Dáil. That is, it was the largest party but had less than half of all of the seats, which would be a <i>majority</i>. On 9 March Governor-General <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McNeill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James McNeill (not yet started)">James McNeill</a> appointed de Valera <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State (not yet started)">President of the Executive Council</a> . He abolished the oath and stopped paying money owed to Britain. </p><p>De Valera called a general election in January 1933 and won 77 seats, giving him an overall majority. Under his leadership, Fianna Fáil won further general elections in 1937, 1938, 1943 and 1944. </p><p>De Valera was his own Minister for External Affairs. He attended meetings of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>, and was president of the Council of the League on his first appearance at <a href="/wiki/Geneva_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva City">Geneva</a> in 1932. In 1934, he supported the admission of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> into the League. In September 1938 he was elected nineteenth president of the Assembly of the League, a tribute to the international recognition he had won by his independent stance on world questions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_Valera's_new_constitution_–_Bunreacht_na_hÉireann"><span id="De_Valera.27s_new_constitution_.E2.80.93_Bunreacht_na_h.C3.89ireann"></span>De Valera's new constitution – Bunreacht na hÉireann</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: De Valera's new constitution – Bunreacht na hÉireann" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: De Valera's new constitution – Bunreacht na hÉireann"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="315" style="margin: 0em 0em 1em 1em; clear: right;" class="toccolours"> <caption style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: 120%;"><b>Éamon de Valera</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #efefef;" align="center" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:orange;" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Timeline 1882–1975</b> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><b>Birth</b>   </td> <td>14 October 1882 in New York. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1885</b>   </td> <td>Sent by his mother to live with her family in Ireland. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1904</b>   </td> <td>Graduates from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_University_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal University of Ireland (not yet started)">Royal University of Ireland</a>. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1908</b>   </td> <td>Joins the Gaelic League. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1910</b>   </td> <td><b>8 January</b> marries Sinéad Flanagan. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1913</b>   </td> <td><b>25 November</b>: Joins Irish Volunteers. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1916</b>   </td> <td><b>24 April</b>: Commander in Bolands Mills during the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a>. Later sentenced to death for participation but death sentence not carried out <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1917</b>   </td> <td>Joins Sinn Féin and replaces long-time leader Arthur Griffith as president. Elected MP for East Clare but refuses to take his seat in the House of Commons. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1918</b>   </td> <td><b>November</b> Elected MP in 1918 general election. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1919</b>   </td> <td><b>1 April</b>: Elected <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%ADomh_Aire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Príomh Aire (not yet started)">Príomh Aire</a> (chief minister) of the new <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a>, the assembly formed by a majority of Irish MPs. Forms his first government. <b>May</b> Travels to the United States to lobby on behalf of the Irish Republic. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1921</b>   </td> <td><b>July</b>: Irish and British government call truce. <b>October—December</b>: Envoys Plenipotentiary negotiate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Irish_Treaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty (not yet started)">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a>. <b>December</b> Dáil, against de Valera's advice, approves Treaty. De Valera resigns as president. Seeks re-election but is defeated. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1922–1923</b>   </td> <td>Irish Civil War <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1926</b>   </td> <td><b>March</b>: Leaves Sinn Féin and sets up his own republican party, <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a>. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1927</b>   </td> <td>Faced with disqualification from contesting elections, takes the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oath_of_Allegiance_(Ireland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oath of Allegiance (Ireland) (not yet started)">Oath of Allegiance</a> and enters Free State Dáil. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1932</b>   </td> <td>Forms his first Free State government. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1937</b>   </td> <td>Enactment of new constitution, Bunreacht na hÉireann, becomes Taoiseach for the first time. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1948</b>   </td> <td>Loses power for the first time in the modern Irish state. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1951</b>   </td> <td>Re-elected as Taoiseach. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1954</b>   </td> <td>Loses power for the second time. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1957</b>   </td> <td>Re-elected as Taoiseach for the last time. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1959</b>   </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_presidential_election,_1959&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish presidential election, 1959 (not yet started)">Elected</a> as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President of Ireland</a>. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1966</b>   </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_presidential_election,_1966&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish presidential election, 1966 (not yet started)">Re-elected</a> as President. <hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>1973</b>   </td> <td>Retires from Public Office. <hr /> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td><b>Death</b>   </td> <td>29 August, 1975 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During the 1930s, de Valera changed a lot of the Irish Free State constitution. </p><p>The Governor-General of the Irish Free State could <i>reserve</i> or <i>deny</i> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Assent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Assent (not yet started)">Royal Assent</a> to any changes after being advised (ordered) by <i>His Majesty's Government in London</i>. After a legal argument with the British Government the power this was changed to <i>His Majesty's Government in the Irish Free State</i> </p><p>That meant that de Valera was the only person who could stop a bill becoming law. </p><p>De Valera abolished: </p> <ul><li>The Oath of Allegiance;</li> <li>Appeals to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (not yet started)">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a>; and</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Senate</a>, which was controlled by the opposition parties.</li></ul> <p>When King <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Windsor">Edward VIII</a> abdicted (resigned) as <i>King of Ireland</i> de Valera passed two Bills; </p> <ul><li>one took out all mention of the King and Governor-General in the constitution</li> <li>the second said the King's only job was formally sending and receiving ambassadors.</li></ul> <p>In July 1936, de Valera wrote to King Edward in London saying that he planned to introduce a new constitution. This was only a little different from the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunreacht_na_h%C3%89ireann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bunreacht na hÉireann (not yet started)">Bunreacht na hÉireann</a></i> (meaning literally the Constitution of Ireland). </p><p>The new constitution was not an act of the Dáil but was voted for in a referendum, because de Valera wanted a new start for the new country he was setting up. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neutrality_in_World_War_II">Neutrality in World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Neutrality in World War II" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Neutrality in World War II"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> stayed neutral in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, which was called <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Emergency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Emergency (not yet started)">The Emergency</a> in Ireland. Both the possibility of a German invasion and a British invasion were discussed in the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il" class="mw-redirect" title="Dáil">Dáil</a>. </p><p>But even though de Valera hated Britain, Irish neutrality often favoured the allies: </p> <ul><li>The Irish government weather reportshelped to decide when <a href="/wiki/D-Day" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Day">D-Day</a> should be;</li> <li>British planes from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lough_Erne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lough Erne (not yet started)">Lough Erne</a> in County Fermanagh flew a shortcut across Donegal to patrol the Atlantic.</li> <li>The German Ambassador's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Hempel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Hempel (not yet started)">Eduard Hempel</a> radio transmitter was shut down in 1943.</li> <li>Crashed airmen "operational" flights were interned until the end of the war. If the flight was "non-operational" the crew were allowed home. Nearly all Allied airmen were said to be on "non-operational" flights, while German airmen were judged to be on "operational"</li> <li>Roughly 45,000 Irish men voluntarily joined the Allied forces (including Patrick and Tom Clancy, who had also been <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">IRA</a> volunteers).</li></ul> <p>In May 1945, de Valera visited the German minister in Dublin, to express sympathy over the death of the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with President <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hyde" title="Douglas Hyde">Douglas Hyde</a>, de Valera was the only head of government to do this. De Valera did not visit the American embassy following the death of Roosevelt, as David Gray, the American Ambassador said he would not receive de Valera. All flags were flown at <a href="/wiki/Half-mast" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-mast">half-mast</a> on Roosevelt's death on de Valera's instructions </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post–war_period"><span id="Post.E2.80.93war_period"></span>Post–war period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Post–war period" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Post–war period"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After sixteen years in power, Fianna Fáil lost the 1948 election. <a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a> was <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> of a coalition Government. It was Costello who declared Ireland a republic, making de Valera's friend <a href="/w/index.php?title=Se%C3%A1n_T_%C3%93_Ceallaigh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seán T Ó Ceallaigh (not yet started)">President Ó Ceallaigh</a> Ireland's head of state. In 1951 de Valera was returned to power but without an overall majority. Many people thought this was his worst government. He spent several months in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> where he had six operations on his eyes. </p><p>Fianna Fáil was defeated again in the 1954 general election, but in 1957 de Valera, won a majority of nine seats. This was the beginning of another sixteen year period in office for Fianna Fáil. But de Valera was only Taoiseach for two years. </p><p>In 1959 he was elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President of Ireland</a>, as which he served until 1973. At his retirement at the age of 90, he was the oldest Head of State in the world. </p><p>Éamon de Valera died in Linden Convalescent Home, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackrock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackrock (not yet started)">Blackrock</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Dublin" title="County Dublin">County Dublin</a> on 29 August 1975 aged 92. His wife, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sin%C3%A9ad_de_Valera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinéad de Valera (not yet started)">Sinéad de Valera</a>, four years his senior, had died the previous January, on the eve of their 65th wedding anniversary. He is buried in Dublin's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glasnevin_Cemetery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glasnevin Cemetery (not yet started)">Glasnevin Cemetery</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: Overview" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Overview"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his recent controversial biography by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Pat_Coogan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tim Pat Coogan (not yet started)">Tim Pat Coogan</a> says that his failures are more than his achievements, and that de Valera's popularity fell as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(Irish_leader)" title="Michael Collins (Irish leader)">Michael Collins</a>'s rose. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garret_Fitzgerald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garret Fitzgerald (not yet started)">Garret Fitzgerald</a> summarised<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his last term as Taoiseach; </p> <blockquote> <p><i>Total economic stagnation marked de Valera's last seven years as leader of his party - because all of the chickens of his disastrous commitment to an inward-looking policy of self sufficiency were coming home to roost.</i></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">His name is frequently misspelled <b>Eamonn De Valera</b> but in fact he never used the second 'n' in his first name (the standard Irish spelling) and always a small 'd' in 'de Valera', which is proper in Spanish names (de meaning 'of').</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Eamon(n)" actually translates into English as Edmond or Edmund. The correct Irish translation of "Edward" is Éadhbhard.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ports in Ireland that the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> had a right to use</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218222359/http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/D/DT/D.P.A.170001.html">"De Valera's Treaty proposals"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/D/DT/D.P.A.170001.html">the original</a> on 2012-02-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=De+Valera%27s+Treaty+proposals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistorical-debates.oireachtas.ie%2FD%2FDT%2FD.P.A.170001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89amon+de+Valera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/E900003-001/">"www.ucc.ie/celt/published/E900003-001/"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=www.ucc.ie%2Fcelt%2Fpublished%2FE900003-001%2F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucc.ie%2Fcelt%2Fpublished%2FE900003-001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89amon+de+Valera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFDuggan,_J._P.2002" class="citation book cs1">Duggan, J. P. (2002). <i>Herr Hempel at the German Legation in Dublin 1937-1945</i>. Irish Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7165-2757-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7165-2757-X"><bdi>0-7165-2757-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herr+Hempel+at+the+German+Legation+in+Dublin+1937-1945&rft.pub=Irish+Academic+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7165-2757-X&rft.au=Duggan%2C+J.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89amon+de+Valera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garret_Fitzgerald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garret Fitzgerald (not yet started)">Garret Fitzgerald</a>, <i>Irish Times</i>, September 16, 2006.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89amon_de_Valera&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background: #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> (1801–present) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hoey_Kearney_Redmond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hoey Kearney Redmond (not yet started)">Willie Redmond</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MP</a> for <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Clare_(UK_Parliament_constituency)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Clare (UK Parliament constituency) (not yet started)">Clare East</a></b><br />1917–1922 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><i>Constituency abolished</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background: #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Parliament of Northern Ireland">Parliament of Northern Ireland</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_Republican_(Ireland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent Republican (Ireland) (not yet started)">Independent Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MP</a> for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Down_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituencies)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Down (Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies) (not yet started)">Down</a></b><br />1921–1929 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><i>Constituency divided</i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_Republican_(Ireland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent Republican (Ireland) (not yet started)">Independent Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MP</a> for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Down_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituencies)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Down (Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies) (not yet started)">South Down</a></b><br />1933–1938 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background: #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><i>Newly created constituency</i></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> <a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">Teachta Dála</a> for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clare_(D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann_constituency)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clare (Dáil Éireann constituency) (not yet started)">Clare</a></b><br />1922–1926 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><small><i>De Valera left Sinn Féin and founded the Fianna Fáil Party</i></small></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><small><i>De Valera was previously a member of Sinn Féin</i></small></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> <a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">Teachta Dála</a> for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clare_(D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann_constituency)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clare (Dáil Éireann constituency) (not yet started)">Clare</a></b><br />1926–1959 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Se%C3%A1n_%C3%93_Ceallaigh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seán Ó Ceallaigh (not yet started)">Seán Ó Ceallaigh</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Griffith" title="Arthur Griffith">Arthur Griffith</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Leader of the Sinn Féin Party</a></b><br />1917–1926 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_J._O%27Kelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John J. O'Kelly (not yet started)">John J. O'Kelly</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathal_Brugha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathal Brugha (not yet started)">Cathal Brugha</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of Dáil Éireann (not yet started)">President of Dáil Éireann</a></b><br />1919–1921 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><i>Office replaced by President of the Republic</i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><i>Office of President of Dáil Éireann</i></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_Irish_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of the Irish Republic (not yet started)">President of the Irish Republic</a></b><br />1921–1922 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Griffith" title="Arthur Griffith">Arthur Griffith</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Joseph_Walsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Joseph Walsh (not yet started)">William J. Walsh</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Ireland (not yet started)">Chancellor of the National University of Ireland</a></b><br />1921–1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._K._Whitaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. K. Whitaker (not yet started)">T. K. Whitaker</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><i>Newly founded party</i></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Leader of the Fianna Fáil Party</a></b><br />1926–1959 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Johnson_(Irish_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Johnson (Irish politician) (not yet started)">Thomas Johnson</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Ireland)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Ireland)">Leader of the Opposition</a></b><br />1927–1932 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold">N/A</span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">President of the League of Nations Council</a></b><br />1932 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold">N/A</span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State (not yet started)">President of the Executive Council</a></b><br />1932–1937 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><i>Office abolished and replaced by Taoiseach</i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><i>Newly created office</i></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a></b><br />1937–1948 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_McGilligan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick McGilligan (not yet started)">Patrick McGilligan</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Ireland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ireland) (not yet started)">Minister for External Affairs</a></b><br />1932–1948 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Se%C3%A1n_MacBride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seán MacBride (not yet started)">Seán MacBride</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_III" title="Aga Khan III">Aga Khan III</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">President of the League of Nations Assembly</a></b><br />1938 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Joachim_Hambro_(1885-1964)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Joachim Hambro (1885-1964) (not yet started)">Carl Joachim Hambro</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Mulcahy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Mulcahy (not yet started)">Richard Mulcahy</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Ireland)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Ireland)">Leader of the Opposition</a></b><br />1948–1951 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a></b><br />1951–1954 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Ireland)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Ireland)">Leader of the Opposition</a></b><br />1954–1957 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a></b><br />1957–1959 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_T._O%27Kelly" class="mw-redirect" title="Seán T. O'Kelly">Seán T. O'Kelly</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President of Ireland</a></b><br />1959–1973 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Erskine_Hamilton_Childers" title="Erskine Hamilton Childers">Erskine H. Childers</a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_Sinn_Féin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ccccff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SinnFeinLeaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:SinnFeinLeaders"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:#ccccff;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:SinnFeinLeaders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:SinnFeinLeaders (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:#ccccff;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:SinnFeinLeaders&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:#ccccff;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_Sinn_Féin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Presidents of Sinn Féin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Martyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Martyn (not yet started)">Edward Martyn</a> (1905–08) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sweetman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Sweetman (not yet started)">John Sweetman</a> (1908) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Griffith" title="Arthur Griffith">Arthur Griffith</a> (1908–17) <b>·</b>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Éamon de Valera</a> (1917–26) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_J._O%27Kelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John J. O'Kelly (not yet started)">John J. O'Kelly</a> (Sceilg) (1926–31) <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_O%27Higgins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian O'Higgins (not yet started)">Brian O'Higgins</a> (1931–33)</span> <b>·</b>  Fr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_O%27Flanagan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael O'Flanagan (not yet started)">Michael O'Flanagan</a> (1933–35) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathal_%C3%93_Murchadha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathal Ó Murchadha (not yet started)">Cathal Ó Murchadha</a> (1935–37) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Buckley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Buckley (not yet started)">Margaret Buckley</a> (1937–50) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paddy_McLogan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paddy McLogan (not yet started)">Pádraig Mac Lógáin</a> (1950–53) <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1s_%C3%93_Dubhghaill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomás Ó Dubhghaill (not yet started)">Tomás Ó Dubhghaill</a> (1953–54)</span> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paddy_McLogan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paddy McLogan (not yet started)">Pádraig Mac Lógáin</a> (1954–62) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1s_Mac_Giolla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomás Mac Giolla (not yet started)">Tomás Mac Giolla</a> (1962–70) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ruair%C3%AD_%C3%93_Br%C3%A1daigh" title="Ruairí Ó Brádaigh">Ruairí Ó Brádaigh</a> (1970–83) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a> (1983–) </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_Fianna_Fáil" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks 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href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Fianna_F%C3%A1il_Leaders&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:#ccccff;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_Fianna_Fáil" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Leaders of Fianna Fáil</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Éamon de Valera</a> (1926–1959) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a> (1959–1966) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a> (1966–1979) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a> (1979–1992) <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" title="Albert Reynolds">Albert Reynolds</a> (1992–1994)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a> (1994–)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taoisigh_of_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_government_of_Ireland" title="Template:Heads of government of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Éamon de Valera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Liam Cosgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" title="Albert Reynolds">Albert Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" title="Brian Cowen">Brian Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" title="Enda Kenny">Enda Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Previous_offices_under_earlier_constitutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">Previous offices under earlier constitutions</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State (not yet started)">President of the Executive Council</a> (1922–37)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Éamon de Valera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chairman_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Irish_Free_State&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State (not yet started)">Chairman of the Provisional Government</a> (1922)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(Irish_leader)" title="Michael Collins (Irish leader)">Michael Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of Dáil Éireann (not yet started)">President of Dáil Éireann</a> or <br />President of the Irish Republic (1919–22)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathal_Brugha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathal Brugha (not yet started)">Cathal Brugha</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Éamon de Valera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Griffith" title="Arthur Griffith">Arthur Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_IrelandUachtaráin_na_hÉireann" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_Ireland" title="Template:Presidents of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Presidents_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Presidents of Ireland (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Presidents_of_Ireland&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_IrelandUachtaráin_na_hÉireann" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">Presidents of Ireland</a><br /><i>Uachtaráin na hÉireann</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hyde" title="Douglas Hyde">Douglas Hyde</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9an_T._O%27Kelly" title="Séan T. O'Kelly">Séan T. O'Kelly</a> <b>·</b>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Éamon de Valera</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Erskine_Hamilton_Childers" title="Erskine Hamilton Childers">Erskine H. Childers</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Cearbhall_%C3%93_D%C3%A1laigh" title="Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh">Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hillery" title="Patrick Hillery">Patrick Hillery</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Mary_McAleese" title="Mary McAleese">Mary McAleese</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a> <b>·</b>  </p> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Presidential Standard"><img alt="Presidential Standard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_President_of_Ireland.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_President_of_Ireland.svg/135px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_President_of_Ireland.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Presidential Standard</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_League_of_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ccccff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LoNPresidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:LoNPresidents"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:#ccccff;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:LoNPresidents&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:LoNPresidents (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss 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title="Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek (not yet started)">Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek</a> <small>(1921–22)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustin_Edwards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustin Edwards (not yet started)">Augustin Edwards</a> <small>(1922–23)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosme_de_la_Torriente_y_Peraza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosme de la Torriente y Peraza (not yet started)">Cosme de la Torriente y Peraza</a> <small>(1923–24)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Motta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Motta (not yet started)">Giuseppe Motta</a> <small>(1924–25)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raoul_Dandurand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raoul Dandurand (not yet started)">Raoul Dandurand</a> <small>(1925–26)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afonso_Costa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afonso Costa (not yet started)">Afonso Costa</a> <small>(1926)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mom%C4%8Dilo_Nin%C4%8Di%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Momčilo Ninčić (not yet started)">Momčilo Ninčić</a> <small>(1926–27)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alberto_Guani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alberto Guani (not yet started)">Alberto Guani</a> <small>(1927–28)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herluf_Zahle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herluf Zahle (not yet started)">Herluf Zahle</a> <small>(1928–29)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jose_Gustavo_Guerrero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jose Gustavo Guerrero (not yet started)">Jose Gustavo Guerrero</a> <small>(1929–30)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_Titulescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolae Titulescu (not yet started)">Nicolae Titulescu</a> <small>(1930–32)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Hymans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Hymans (not yet started)">Paul Hymans</a> <small>(1932–33)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Theodore_Te_Water&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Theodore Te Water (not yet started)">Charles Theodore Te Water</a> <small>(1933–34)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Rickard_Johannes_Sandler" class="mw-redirect" title="Rickard Johannes Sandler">Rickard Johannes Sandler</a> <small>(1934)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Castillo_Najera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Castillo Najera (not yet started)">Francisco Castillo Najera</a> <small>(1934–35)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a> <small>(1935–36)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas (not yet started)">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a> <small>(1936–37)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tevfik_Rustu_Aras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tevfik Rustu Aras (not yet started)">Tevfik Rustu Aras</a> <small>(1937)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_III" title="Aga Khan III">Aga Khan III</a> <small>(1937–38)</small> <b>·</b>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Éamon de Valera</a> <small>(1938–39)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Joachim_Hambro_(1885-1964)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Joachim Hambro (1885-1964) (not yet started)">Carl Joachim Hambro</a> <small>(1939–40, 1946)</small> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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