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rel='schema.DCTERMS' href='http://purl.org/dc/terms/' /> <link rel='schema.LCCH' href='http://purl.org/dc/terms/LCSH' /> <meta name='DC.title' property='dc:title' itemprop='name' lang='en' content='Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses' /> <meta name='DC.description' property='dc:description' itemprop='description' lang='en' content='The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis, translated by Francis Celoria (Routledge 1992), still in copyright, permission requested from the publishers.' /> <meta name='DC.subject' property='dc:subject' itemprop='about' lang='en' content='Greek literature (English)' /> <meta name='DC.subject' property='dc:subject' itemprop='about' lang='en' content='Greece--Civilization--Sources.' /> <meta name='DC.type' property='dc:type' lang='en' content='Text' /> <meta name='DC.date' property='dc:date' content='200' /> <meta name='DC.coverage' property='dc:coverage' content='The Greek world from 1000 BCE to 200' /> <meta name='DC.publisher' property='dc:publisher' itemprop='publisher' lang='en' content='Aikaterini Laskaridis Foundation, Piraeus, Greece' /> <meta name='DC.language' property='dc:language' itemprop='inLanguage' content='en' /><meta name='DC.rights' property='dc:rights' itemprop='copyrightHolder' lang='en' content='Under copyright (Routledge), text not included' /> <meta name='DCTERMS.license' property='dcterms:license' content='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/' /> <meta name='DC.identifier' property='dc:identifier' itemprop='url' content='https://topostext.org/work/216' content='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002' /> <meta name='DC.creator' property='dc:creator' itemprop='author' lang='en' content='href='https://lccn.loc.gov/no91011562' content='Antoninus Liberalis'/> <meta name='DC.creator' property='dc:creator' itemprop='translator' lang='en' content='href='https://lccn.loc.gov/n50034314' content='Francis Celoria' /> <meta name='DC.contributor' property='dc:contributor' itemprop='editor' lang='en' content='Kiesling, John Brady, 1957-' /> <meta name='DC.source' property='dc:source' itemprop='source' lang='en' content='printed work' /><h2>Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses</h2>The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis, translated by Francis Celoria (Routledge 1992), still in copyright, permission requested from the publishers. This text has 163 tagged references to 104 ancient places. <br />CTS URN: <a href='https://catalog.perseus.org/catalog/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002'>urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002</a>; Wikidata ID: <a href='https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3828832'>Q3828832</a>; Trismegistos: <a href='https://www.trismegistos.org/authorwork/7024'>authorwork/7024</a> <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>[Open Greek text in new tab]</a></p> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=1> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:1'><b>§ 1</b>  CTESYLLA: <a href="/people/14906" target="_blank">Nicander</a> tells this tale in the third book of his Metamorphoses. <a href="/people/4130" target="_blank">Ctesylla</a>, born on the island of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/376243IKeo" class="place" long="24.3333" lat="37.6167">Ceos</a>, was daughter of <a href="/people/18078" target="_blank">Alcidamas</a> and came from a family at <a about="https://topostext.org/place/376243PIou" class="place" long="24.341" lat="37.642">Iulis</a>. At the <a href="/people/12611" target="_blank">Pythian</a> feast <a href="/people/5040" target="_blank">Hermochares</a> the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/380237PAth" class="person" long="23.72793" lat="37.9718">Athenian</a> saw her dancing round the altar of <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> at <a about="https://topostext.org/place/376243PKar" class="place" long="24.33" lat="37.56">Carthaea</a> and fell in love with her. He wrote on an apple and threw it inside the sanctuary of <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a>. <a href="/people/4130" target="_blank">Ctesylla</a> picked it up and read out what was on it. Written on it was an oath: 'Yes, by <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a>, I will marry <a href="/people/5040" target="_blank">Hermochares</a> the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/380237PAth" class="person" long="23.72793" lat="37.9718">Athenian</a>.' <a href="/people/4130" target="_blank">Ctesylla</a> then hurled away the apple, blushing, badly upset at being tricked as <a href="/people/7156" target="_blank">Acontius</a> had tricked <a href="/people/18710" target="_blank">Cydippe</a>. <a href="/people/5040" target="_blank">Hermochares</a> went to her father for her hand and received approval for the marriage. Her father swore an oath to <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> about this, grasping a laurel tree. But after the period of the Pythian feast was over, <a href="/people/18078" target="_blank">Alcidamas</a> forgot the oath he had sworn and betrothed his daughter to someone else. The girl was already taking part in prenuptial sacrifices in the sanctuary of <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a>. Angry at being thwarted of his marriage, <a href="/people/5040" target="_blank">Hermochares</a> raced to the Artemisium. Seeing him, the girl fell in love with him, as was divinely intended. With the help of her nurse she came to an understanding with him and, evading her father, sailed off by night to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/380237PAth" class="place" long="23.72793" lat="37.9718">Athens</a> where she married <a href="/people/5040" target="_blank">Hermochares</a>. When <a href="/people/4130" target="_blank">Ctesylla</a> gave birth to a child, she badly miscarried — by divine will — and died because her father had been false to his oath about her. They took her body and carried it away to prepare it for burial. But a dove flew up from the bier and the body of <a href="/people/4130" target="_blank">Ctesylla</a> disappeared. <a href="/people/4130" target="_blank">Hermochares</a> went to consult the oracle and the god declared that he should set up at <a about="https://topostext.org/place/376243PIou" class="place" long="24.341" lat="37.642">Iulis</a> a sanctuary of <a href="/people/15" target="_blank">Aphrodite</a> <a href="/people/4130" target="_blank">Ctesylla</a>. He also enjoined the same to the people of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/376243IKeo" class="place" long="24.3333" lat="37.6167">Ceos</a>. To this day they offer sacrifices, the<a about="https://topostext.org/place/376243PIou" class="place" long="24.341" lat="37.642">Iulitans</a> addressing her as <a href="/people/15" target="_blank">Aphrodite</a> <a href="/people/4130" target="_blank">Ctesylla</a>, the rest calling her <a href="/people/4130" target="_blank">Ctesylla</a> <a href="/people/4551" target="_blank">Hecaerge</a> (working from afar). </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=2> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:2'><b>§ 2</b>  THE MELEAGRIDES: <a href="/people/14906" target="_blank">Nicander</a> tells this tale in the third book of his Metamorphoses. <a href="/people/10577" target="_blank">Oineus</a>, son of <a href="/people/2963" target="_blank">Portheus</a> the son of <a href="/people/24" target="_blank">Ares</a>, was king of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384215UKal" class="place" long="21.533" lat="38.372">Calydon</a>. His wife <a href="/people/1122" target="_blank">Althaea</a>, daughter of <a href="/people/994" target="_blank">Thestius</a>, gave him as sons <a href="/people/315" target="_blank">Meleager</a>, Phereus, Ageleos, <a href="/people/3733" target="_blank">Toxeus</a>, <a href="/people/1302" target="_blank">Clymenus</a> and <a href="/people/2023" target="_blank">Periphas</a>, and as daughters, <a href="/people/2818" target="_blank">Gorge</a>, <a href="/people/8642" target="_blank">Eurymede</a>, <a href="/people/728" target="_blank">Deianira</a> and <a href="/people/1684" target="_blank">Melanippe</a>. Once, when he was sacrificing first-fruits on behalf of his country, he forgot about <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a>. In her anger she set on them a savage <a href="/people/10951" target="_blank">boar</a> that ravaged the land, slaying many. Then <a href="/people/315" target="_blank">Meleager</a> and the sons of <a href="/people/994" target="_blank">Thestius</a> assembled the flower of Greece against the <a href="/people/10951" target="_blank">boar</a>. They arrived and slew the beast. <a href="/people/315" target="_blank">Meleager</a> assigned the flesh of the <a href="/people/10951" target="_blank">boar</a> to the heroes, keeping the head and the hide as his privilege. Because they had slain a <a href="/people/10951" target="_blank">boar</a> sacred to her, <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> was even more angry and inflicted discord among them. So the sons of <a href="/people/994" target="_blank">Thestius</a> and the other <a href="/people/414" target="_blank">Curetes</a> seized the hide declaring that it was the half-share of the perquisites due to them. <a href="/people/315" target="_blank">Meleager</a> took it away from them forcibly and killed the sons of <a href="/people/994" target="_blank">Thestius</a>. Because of this war arose between the <a href="/people/414" target="_blank">Curetes</a> and the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384215UKal" class="ethnic" long="21.533" lat="38.372">Calydonians</a>. But <a href="/people/315" target="_blank">Meleager</a> did not go out to war, full of reproaches because his mother had put a curse on him for the killing of her brothers. By this time the <a href="/people/414" target="_blank">Curetes</a> were just on the point of capturing the city when <a href="/people/100" target="_blank">Cleopatra</a>, his wife, persuaded <a href="/people/315" target="_blank">Meleager</a> to defend the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384215UKal" class="ethnic" long="21.533" lat="38.372">Calydonians</a>. He rose up against the army of the <a href="/people/414" target="_blank">Curetes</a> and himself died because his mother had burnt the brand which had been given to her by the <a href="/people/140" target="_blank">Fates</a>. For they had assigned him a stretch of life to last only as long as the brand. The other sons of <a href="/people/490" target="_blank">Oineus</a> also died in battle. A great sorrow came upon the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384215UKal" class="ethnic" long="21.533" lat="38.372">Calydonians</a> because of <a href="/people/315" target="_blank">Meleager</a>. His sisters mourned continually at his tomb until <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> touched them with her wand and changed them into birds which she settled on the isle of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/372269PLer" class="place" long="26.8547" lat="37.158">Leros</a>, calling them <a href="/people/15138" target="_blank">Meleagrides</a>. It is said that up to now they make mourning for <a href="/people/315" target="_blank">Meleager</a> when the due season of the year comes. Two of the daughters of <a href="/people/1122" target="_blank">Althaea</a>, <a href="/people/2818" target="_blank">Gorge</a> and <a href="/people/728" target="_blank">Deianira</a>, were not changed, it is said, by the good will of <a href="/people/5" target="_blank">Dionysus</a> because <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> granted this favour. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=3> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:3'><b>§ 3</b>  HIERAX: In the land of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/409312RMar" class="ethnic" long="31.2" lat="40.86">Mariandyni</a> lived <a href="/people/19826" target="_blank">Hierax</a>, a man of justice and distinction. He set up sanctuaries to <a href="/people/48" target="_blank">Demeter</a> and received plenteous harvests from her. But when the Teucrians omitted neglectfully to make sacrifices to <a href="/people/25" target="_blank">Poseidon</a> at the due season, the god became angry and destroyed the crops of the goddess. And he set on them a prodigious monster that came out of the sea. Unable to endure the monster and the famine, the Teucrians sent a message to <a href="/people/19826" target="_blank">Hierax</a> begging him to save them from the famine. He sent them barley as well as wheat and other foods. <a href="/people/25" target="_blank">Poseidon</a>, infuriated with <a href="/people/19826" target="_blank">Hierax</a> for doing away with his prerogatives, turned him into a bird which to this day is called the hierax [hawk]. In making him disappear he also changed his character. He who had been greatly loved by mankind was made most hateful to birds. He who had saved many of mankind from death was turned into a slaughterer of many a bird. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=4> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:4'><b>§ 4</b>  CRAGALEUS: <a href="/people/14906" target="_blank">Nicander</a> tells this tale in the first book of his Metamorphoses, as does <a href="/people/19746" target="_blank">Athanadas</a> in his Ambracica. <a href="/people/5332" target="_blank">Cragaleus</a>, son of <a href="/people/3510" target="_blank">Dryops</a>, lived in the land of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/392210RDry" class="place" long="21" lat="39.2">Dryopis</a> near the Baths of <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> which, tellers of myths say, <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> caused to well up when he struck the mountain's table-top with his club. This <a href="/people/5332" target="_blank">Cragaleus</a> was at this time already an old man and was considered by his countrymen to be just and wise. While he was pasturing his <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cattle</a>, <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a>, <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> and <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> introduced themselves to him since they wanted a decision about <a about="https://topostext.org/place/392210PAmb" class="place" long="20.9899" lat="39.155">Ambracia</a> in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/395205REpe" class="place" long="20.5" lat="39.5">Epirus</a>. <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> said that the city belonged to him because <a href="/people/2127" target="_blank">Melaneus</a> — his son — had become king of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/383243RDry" class="ethnic" long="24.2" lat="38.2">Dryopes</a> having taken in war the whole of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/395205REpe" class="place" long="20.5" lat="39.5">Epirus</a>. <a href="/people/2127" target="_blank">Melaneus</a> had as children <a href="/people/13884" target="_blank">Eurytus</a> and <a href="/people/20019" target="_blank">Ambracia</a>, after whom the city of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/392210PAmb" class="place" long="20.9899" lat="39.155">Ambracia</a> is named. <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> himself had shown great favour to this city. At his behest the Sisyphides had arrived to help the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/392210PAmb" class="ethnic" long="20.9899" lat="39.155">Ambracians</a> win the war they had started against the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/395205REpe" class="ethnic" long="20.5" lat="39.5">Epirotes</a>. It was because of his oracular answers that <a href="/people/18372" target="_blank">Gorgus</a>, brother of <a href="/people/744" target="_blank">Cypselus</a>, led a settlement of colonists from <a about="https://topostext.org/place/379229PKor" class="place" long="22.8802" lat="37.9054">Corinth</a> to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/392210PAmb" class="place" long="20.9899" lat="39.155">Ambracia</a>. Also, because of his oracles the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/392210PAmb" class="ethnic" long="20.9899" lat="39.155">Ambraciotes</a> arose against <a href="/people/19896" target="_blank">Phalaecus</a>, tyrant of the city. And as a result of this, <a href="/people/19896" target="_blank">Phalaecus</a> lost many of his men. On the whole, though <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> had many a time stirred up intestine war, discord and factions in the city, he had also, in contrast, created order, law and justice, for which to this day he was lauded by <a about="https://topostext.org/place/392210PAmb" class="ethnic" long="20.9899" lat="39.155">Ambracians</a> as the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/385225SDel" class="person" long="22.50108" lat="38.48264">Pythian</a> <a href="/people/12626" target="_blank">Saviour</a> in feasts and ceremonies. <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> on her part was for keeping her dispute with <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> within bounds, but claimed that she had acquired <a about="https://topostext.org/place/392210PAmb" class="place" long="20.9899" lat="39.155">Ambracia</a> with his consent. She wanted to have the city on the following argument. When <a href="/people/19896" target="_blank">Phalaecus</a> had ruled as tyrant over the city, no one could kill him because they feared him. But it was she who one day made a <a href="/people/10960" target="_blank">lion</a> cub appear before <a href="/people/19896" target="_blank">Phalaecus</a> when he was hunting. The moment he took it up into his hands, its mother raced out of the forest, fell on him and ripped open his chest. The <a about="https://topostext.org/place/392210PAmb" class="ethnic" long="20.9899" lat="39.155">Ambraciotes</a>, having escaped his enslavement, made expiatory offerings to her as <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> the Queen and set up an image of the Huntress by which they placed a bronze statue of the animal. <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> in his turn put forward the argument that <a about="https://topostext.org/place/392210PAmb" class="place" long="20.9899" lat="39.155">Ambracia</a> and the whole of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/395205REpe" class="place" long="20.5" lat="39.5">Epirus</a> belonged to him. All the peoples that had made war with him, <a about="https://topostext.org/place/490070RKel" class="ethnic" long="7" lat="49">Celts</a>, <a about="https://topostext.org/place/403197RCha" class="ethnic" long="19.7" lat="40.3">Chaonians</a>, <a about="https://topostext.org/place/394204RThp" class="ethnic" long="20.4" lat="39.4">Thesprotians</a> and all the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/395205REpe" class="ethnic" long="20.5" lat="39.5">Epirotes</a>, had been defeated by him after they had formed an alliance to steal the <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cattle</a> of <a href="/people/1730" target="_blank">Geryon</a>. Some time after, a settlement of colonists from <a about="https://topostext.org/place/379229PKor" class="place" long="22.8802" lat="37.9054">Corinth</a> had expelled the original settlers and founded <a about="https://topostext.org/place/392210PAmb" class="place" long="20.9899" lat="39.155">Ambracia</a>. All the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/379229PKor" class="ethnic" long="22.8802" lat="37.9054">Corinthians</a> are descended from <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a>. <a href="/people/5332" target="_blank">Cragaleus</a> heard these arguments through to the end and recognized that the city belonged to <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a>. <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> became enraged, touched <a href="/people/5332" target="_blank">Cragaleus</a> with his hand and turned him into a stone where he stood. The <a about="https://topostext.org/place/392210PAmb" class="ethnic" long="20.9899" lat="39.155">Ambraciotes</a> sacrifice to <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> as the <a href="/people/12626" target="_blank">Saviour</a>, but they have acknowledged that the city was that of <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> and his sons. To this day they make sacrifices to <a href="/people/5332" target="_blank">Cragaleus</a> after the feast of <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a>. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=5> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:5'><b>§ 5</b>  AEGYPIUS: <a href="/people/2566" target="_blank">Antheus</a>, son of <a href="/people/5135" target="_blank">Nomion</a>, had a son <a href="/people/20018" target="_blank">Aegypius</a>, who lived on the furthermost borders of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/394223RThs" class="place" long="22.3" lat="39.4">Thessaly</a>. The gods loved him for his piety and mortals because he was generous and just. When he saw <a href="/people/19941" target="_blank">Timandre</a> he fell in love with her. Learning that she was a widow with no man in her life, he won her over with money and visited her house regularly to make love. <a href="/people/19878" target="_blank">Neophron</a>, son of <a href="/people/19941" target="_blank">Timandre</a>, disapproved of this affair — he was the same age as <a href="/people/20018" target="_blank">Aegypius</a> — and devised a trap for him. Offering many presents to <a href="/people/19762" target="_blank">Bulis</a> the mother of <a href="/people/20018" target="_blank">Aegypius</a>, he seduced her and took her home to sleep with him. He had learned in advance at what hour <a href="/people/20018" target="_blank">Aegypius</a> was accustomed to visit <a href="/people/19941" target="_blank">Timandre</a> and found a pretext for keeping his own mother away from her house. In her place he brought into the house the mother of <a href="/people/20018" target="_blank">Aegypius</a>, saying that he would return to her later, deceiving both. <a href="/people/20018" target="_blank">Aegypius</a>, having no inkling of what <a href="/people/19878" target="_blank">Neophron</a> was plotting against him, had intercourse with his mother, thinking she was <a href="/people/19941" target="_blank">Timandre</a>. When sleep overcame him, <a href="/people/19762" target="_blank">Bulis</a> recognized her own son. She picked up a sword and was about to put out his eyes and then to kill herself when, by the will of <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a>, sleep let go its hold on <a href="/people/20018" target="_blank">Aegypius</a>. Realizing what <a href="/people/19878" target="_blank">Neophron</a> had plotted against him, he looked up to heaven and prayed that he should vanish — and all with him. <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> turned them into birds. <a href="/people/20018" target="_blank">Aegypius</a> and <a href="/people/19878" target="_blank">Neophron</a> became vultures, each under the same name but different in size and colour. <a href="/people/19878" target="_blank">Neophron</a> became the smaller kind of vulture. <a href="/people/19762" target="_blank">Bulis</a> became a heron and <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> ordained that she was to eat nothing that grew out the ground and instead to feed on the eyes of fishes, birds and <a href="/people/55" target="_blank">snakes</a>, since she had been about to put out the eyes of her son <a href="/people/20018" target="_blank">Aegypius</a>. <a href="/people/19941" target="_blank">Timandre</a> he turned into a tit. And henceforth these birds never appeared together in the same spot. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=6> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:6'><b>§ 6</b>  PERIPHAS: There was once in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/379239RAtt" class="place" long="23.9" lat="37.9">Attica</a> a certain <a href="/people/19893" target="_blank">Periphas</a>, of earth-sprung stock, who lived there even before <a href="/people/447" target="_blank">Cecrops</a>, son of <a href="/people/3304" target="_blank">Earth</a>, had emerged. He ruled the men of old and was just, rich and pious. He made many sacrifices to <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> and numerous were his fair judgments. No one could reproach him with anything. His leadership was willingly accepted by all. Because of the pre-eminence of his good works, men took away honours due to <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> and decided that they belonged to <a href="/people/19893" target="_blank">Periphas</a>. They set up sanctuaries and temples to him and addressed him by the name of <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> the <a href="/people/12626" target="_blank">Saviour</a>, the Epopsios (Overseer) and <a href="/people/12683" target="_blank">Meilichios</a> (gracious). <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a>, indignant, wanted to incinerate the entire household of <a href="/people/19893" target="_blank">Periphas</a> with a thunderbolt, but <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> asked that he should not be utterly annihilated since he had been assiduously honoured by <a href="/people/19893" target="_blank">Periphas</a>. This <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> granted to <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> and he went on to the house of <a href="/people/19893" target="_blank">Periphas</a> and caught him in converse with his wife. He pressed both hands on him and turned him into a bird, an <a href="/people/10980" target="_blank">eagle</a>. His wife asked <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> to turn her into a bird too so that she would be a companion for <a href="/people/19893" target="_blank">Periphas</a>. So he turned her into a vulture. <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> granted <a href="/people/19893" target="_blank">Periphas</a> certain honours for the piety he had shown when he was human. He made him king of all birds and gave him the task of guarding his sacred sceptre, together with the right of approaching his throne. To the wife of <a href="/people/19893" target="_blank">Periphas</a>, whom he had turned into a vulture (φήνη, lammergeier?), he granted the privilege of being a sign of good omen in all the affairs of mankind. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=7> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:7'><b>§ 7</b>  ANTHUS: <a href="/people/3547" target="_blank">Boeus</a> tells this tale in the first book of his Origins of Birds. <a href="/people/20017" target="_blank">Autonous</a>, son of <a href="/people/2127" target="_blank">Melaneus</a> and <a href="/people/19828" target="_blank">Hippodamia</a>, had as sons <a href="/people/19986" target="_blank">Erodius</a>, <a href="/people/19731" target="_blank">Anthus</a>, <a href="/people/1865" target="_blank">Schoeneus</a> and <a href="/people/20027" target="_blank">Acanthus</a>, with a daughter <a href="/people/19709" target="_blank">Acanthis</a> to whom the gods granted great beauty. <a href="/people/20017" target="_blank">Autonous</a> acquired many herds of <a href="/people/10959" target="_blank">horses</a> which were pastured by his wife <a href="/people/19828" target="_blank">Hippodamia</a> and their children. Now because he neglected husbandry, no crops were produced by the extensive lands of <a href="/people/20017" target="_blank">Autonous</a> which bore only rushes and thistles. For this reason he named his children after such plants: <a href="/people/20027" target="_blank">Acanthus</a>, <a href="/people/1865" target="_blank">Schoeneus</a> and <a href="/people/19709" target="_blank">Acanthis</a>, and his oldest son <a href="/people/19986" target="_blank">Erodius</a>, because his lands had been eroded. <a href="/people/19986" target="_blank">Erodius</a> was extremely fond of these herds of <a href="/people/10959" target="_blank">horses</a> which he pastured in the meadows. When <a href="/people/19731" target="_blank">Anthus</a>, son of <a href="/people/20017" target="_blank">Autonous</a>, drove the mares out of the meadows, keeping them out from their pastures, they were infuriated and set upon <a href="/people/19731" target="_blank">Anthus</a>. They began to devour him as he uttered many a cry to the gods to save him. Now his father, panic-stricken through distress, faltered — as did the servant of the youth — and failed to drive off the mares. The mother went on battling with the mares, but because of weakness of body was unable to do anything to avert the slaughter. While these people were bewailing <a href="/people/19731" target="_blank">Anthus</a> who was hardly dead, <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> and <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> felt pity for them and turned them all into birds. <a href="/people/20017" target="_blank">Autonous</a> was made a quail because, though father of <a href="/people/19731" target="_blank">Anthus</a>, he had quailed at driving off the <a href="/people/10959" target="_blank">horses</a>. The mother was turned into a lark with a crested head because she had headed for the mares to fight for her son against them. They turned <a href="/people/19731" target="_blank">Anthus</a> himself, as well as <a href="/people/19986" target="_blank">Erodius</a>, <a href="/people/1865" target="_blank">Schoeneus</a>, <a href="/people/20027" target="_blank">Acanthus</a> and <a href="/people/19709" target="_blank">Acanthis</a> into birds called by the same names as they had before they were metamorphosed. They turned the servant who had attended <a href="/people/19731" target="_blank">Anthus</a> into a heron [erodios] — the same as happened to <a href="/people/19986" target="_blank">Erodius</a> the brother of the lad, <a href="/people/19731" target="_blank">Anthus</a> — but not the same sort of heron. For it is distinguishably smaller than the dark variety. Now this heron does not associate with the anthus bird just as the anthus bird does not associate with <a href="/people/10959" target="_blank">horses</a>, because <a href="/people/19731" target="_blank">Anthus</a> had suffered so much from <a href="/people/10959" target="_blank">horses</a>. To this day when it hears a <a href="/people/10959" target="_blank">horse</a> neigh, this bird flies away while imitating its cries. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=8> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:8'><b>§ 8</b>  LAMIA or SYBARIS <a href="/people/3547" target="_blank">Boeus</a> [?] tells this tale in the fourth book of his Origins of Birds. By the foothills of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/385226LPar" class="place" long="22.6219" lat="38.5354">Parnassus</a>, towards the south, there is a mountain called <a about="https://topostext.org/place/385225LKir" class="place" long="22.499" lat="38.462">Cirphis</a>, lying near <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384225UKri" class="place" long="22.469" lat="38.4712">Crisa</a>. Inside it there is to this day a huge cave in which lived a great and prodigious beast. Some called it <a href="/people/19929" target="_blank">Lamia</a>, though others called it <a href="/people/19929" target="_blank">Sybaris</a>. Every day this monster would issue forth, snatching flocks in the fields, as well as people. The inhabitants of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/385225PDel" class="place" long="22.5056" lat="38.4806">Delphi</a> had for some time been considering emigration and they asked the oracle to what land they should emigrate. The god told them that they would be delivered from this menace if they remained and were willing to abandon by the cave a youth chosen from the citizens. They did as the god told them. By lot <a href="/people/20028" target="_blank">Alcyoneus</a>, son of <a href="/people/9273" target="_blank">Diomus</a> and Meganira, was chosen. Only son of his father, he possessed beauty in both appearance and the nature of his character. The priests crowned <a href="/people/20028" target="_blank">Alcyoneus</a> and led him towards the cave of <a href="/people/19929" target="_blank">Sybaris</a>. By divine inspiration, <a href="/people/19807" target="_blank">Eurybarus</a> son of <a href="/people/1508" target="_blank">Euphemus</a>, a descendant of the River <a about="https://topostext.org/place/411225WAxi" class="place" long="22.6611" lat="40.7223">Axius</a>, a young man but brave, happened to be coming from <a href="/people/4950" target="_blank">Curetis</a> and encountered the youth as he was being led forward. Stricken by love for him, and asking why they were so proceeding, he thought it dreadful not to defend him to the utmost and just allow the youth to perish wretchedly. Tearing off the chaplets from <a href="/people/20028" target="_blank">Alcyoneus</a>, he placed them on his own head and gave orders that he himself should be led forward instead of the youth. As soon as the priests had led him up to the cavern, he ran in and hauled out <a href="/people/19929" target="_blank">Sybaris</a> from her lair, carrying her into the open and hurling her from the crags. Tumbling down, she struck her head against the footings of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384225UKri" class="place" long="22.469" lat="38.4712">Crisa</a>. Because of this wound she faded from sight. From that rock sprang a fountain and the locals call it Sybaris. And the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/382162PLoc" class="ethnic" long="16.229" lat="38.216">Locrians</a> founded a city in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/406163RIta" class="place" long="16.3" lat="40.6">Italy</a>, called <a about="https://topostext.org/place/397165PSyb" class="place" long="16.491" lat="39.714">Sybaris</a> after her. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=9> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:9'><b>§ 9</b>  EMATHIDES: <a href="/people/14906" target="_blank">Nicander</a> tells this tale in the fourth book of his Metamorphoses. <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> made love to <a href="/people/767" target="_blank">Mnemosyne</a> in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/402225RPie" class="place" long="22.5" lat="40.2">Pieria</a> and became father of the <a href="/people/54" target="_blank">Muses</a>. Around about that time <a href="/people/14233" target="_blank">Pierus</a> was king of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/406223REma" class="place" long="22.3" lat="40.5">Emathia</a>, sprung from its very soil. He had nine daughters. They were the ones who formed a choir in opposition to the <a href="/people/54" target="_blank">Muses</a>. And there was a musical contest on <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384228LHel" class="place" long="23.0154" lat="38.3207">Helicon</a>. Whenever the <a href="/people/18327" target="_blank">daughters of Pierus</a> began to sing, all creation went dark and no one would give an ear to their choral performance. But when the <a href="/people/54" target="_blank">Muses</a> sang, heaven, the stars, the sea and rivers stood still, while Mount <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384228LHel" class="place" long="23.0154" lat="38.3207">Helicon</a>, beguiled by the pleasure of it all, swelled skywards till, by the will of <a href="/people/25" target="_blank">Poseidon</a>, <a href="/people/1116" target="_blank">Pegasus</a> checked it by striking the summit with his hoof. Since these mortals had taken upon themselves to strive with goddesses, the <a href="/people/54" target="_blank">Muses</a> changed them into nine birds. To this day people refer to them as the grebe, the wryneck, the ortolan, the jay, the greenfinch, the goldfinch, the duck, the woodpecker and the dracontis pigeon. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=10> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:10'><b>§ 10</b>  MINYADES: <a href="/people/14906" target="_blank">Nicander</a> tells this tale in the fourth book of his Metamorphoses, as does <a href="/people/2304" target="_blank">Corinna</a>. The daughters of <a href="/people/14098" target="_blank">Minyas</a>, son of <a href="/people/15695" target="_blank">Orchomenus</a>, were <a href="/people/15690" target="_blank">Leucippe</a>, <a href="/people/15693" target="_blank">Arsippe</a> and <a href="/people/15682" target="_blank">Alcathoe</a>. They turned out to be startlingly diligent. They strongly criticized other women because they abandoned the city to go as <a href="/people/12033" target="_blank">Bacchantes</a> in the hills, until <a href="/people/5" target="_blank">Dionysus</a> took on the likeness of a girl and urged the Minyades not to miss out on the rites or mysteries of the god. But they paid no heed to him. At this — not surprisingly — <a href="/people/5" target="_blank">Dionysus</a> was angered and instead of a girl became a <a href="/people/10955" target="_blank">bull</a>, then a <a href="/people/10960" target="_blank">lion</a>, then a leopard. From the beams of their looms there flowed for him milk and nectar. At these portents terror gripped the maidens. Without delay the three threw lots into a pot and shook it. The lot fell to <a href="/people/15690" target="_blank">Leucippe</a> and she vowed to offer as a sacrifice to the god her own son <a href="/people/15688" target="_blank">Hippasus</a> whom she tore to pieces with the help of her sisters. Abandoning their paternal home, they went as <a href="/people/12033" target="_blank">Bacchantes</a> in the mountains, browsing on ivy, honeysuckle and laurel, until <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> touched them with his wand and changed them into flying creatures. One of them became a bat, another an <a href="/people/10997" target="_blank">owl</a> and the third an <a href="/people/10980" target="_blank">eagle</a> <a href="/people/10997" target="_blank">owl</a>. And all three continuously avoided the light of the sun. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=11> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:11'><b>§ 11</b>  AEDON or NIGHTINGALE: <a href="/people/3547" target="_blank">Boeus</a> tells this tale in his Origins of Birds. <a href="/people/2129" target="_blank">Pandareos</a> dwelt in the territories of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/379273PEph" class="place" long="27.3397" lat="37.9419">Ephesus</a>, on the craggy headland next to the city. To him <a href="/people/48" target="_blank">Demeter</a> did grant the gift of never feeling full in the stomach after eating, whatever quantity he might take in. <a href="/people/2129" target="_blank">Pandareos</a> had a daughter called <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a>. <a href="/people/19910" target="_blank">Polytechnus</a> the carpenter, who lived at <a about="https://topostext.org/place/381272PCol" class="place" long="27.141" lat="38.111">Colophon</a> in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/385280RLyd" class="place" long="28" lat="38.5">Lydia</a>, married her. For a long time their life together was a delight for them. They had an only child, <a href="/people/6061" target="_blank">Itys</a>. While they honoured the gods they were happy, but one day they blurted out the needless remark that they loved each other more than did <a href="/people/19" target="_blank">Hera</a> and <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a>. <a href="/people/19" target="_blank">Hera</a> found what was said to be insupportable and sent <a href="/people/13834" target="_blank">Eris</a> (Discord) between them to create strife in their activities. <a href="/people/19910" target="_blank">Polytechnus</a> was on the point of finishing off a standing board for a chariot and <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a> of completing the web she was weaving. They agreed that whoever of the two would finish the task more quickly would hand over a female servant to the other. <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a> was the quicker in finishing off her web (<a href="/people/19" target="_blank">Hera</a> had helped her in the task). <a href="/people/19910" target="_blank">Polytechnus</a> was infuriated by the victory of <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a> and went to <a href="/people/2129" target="_blank">Pandareos</a> pretending that he had been sent by <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a> to fetch her sister, <a href="/people/19775" target="_blank">Chelidon</a>, <a href="/people/2129" target="_blank">Pandareos</a>, suspecting nothing sinister, handed her over to take back with him. <a href="/people/19910" target="_blank">Polytechnus</a>, when he had got hold of the girl, used her shamefully in a copse. He then gave her different clothes and cut the hair on her head short, threatening her with death if she should ever mention the incident to <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a>. Returning to his house he handed over her sister to <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a> as a servant, according to the agreement. <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a> ground her down with work until one day <a href="/people/19775" target="_blank">Chelidonis</a>, holding her pitcher, made many lamentations at a spring and <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a> overheard what she was saying. After they had recognized each other and embraced, they plotted vengeance against <a href="/people/19910" target="_blank">Polytechnus</a>. They chopped up the son of <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a>, put his flesh in a cauldron and cooked it. Then <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a> called on a neighbour of hers to bid <a href="/people/19910" target="_blank">Polytechnus</a> feast on the meat. She then went off with her sister to her father <a href="/people/2129" target="_blank">Pandareos</a> and described the sorrows they had undergone. When <a href="/people/19910" target="_blank">Polytechnus</a> realized that he had eaten the flesh of his son he set off in pursuit of them, to their father's. The servants of <a href="/people/2129" target="_blank">Pandareos</a> took hold of him and tied him with inescapable bonds because he had committed such an outrage on the house of <a href="/people/2129" target="_blank">Pandareos</a>. They smeared his body with honey and hurled him into a sheepfold. Flies descended and began to do their worst with him. <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a> took pity on him because of their former love and kept the flies off <a href="/people/19910" target="_blank">Polytechnus</a>. When her parents and her brother observed what she was doing, they were overcome by a hatred for her and set about killing her. <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a>, before a greater evil should befall the house of <a href="/people/2129" target="_blank">Pandareos</a>, took pity on them and turned them all into birds. Some took wing for the sea while others took wing for the sky. <a href="/people/2129" target="_blank">Pandareos</a> became a sea <a href="/people/10980" target="_blank">eagle</a> and the mother of <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a> a halcyon (kingfisher). They immediately wanted to hurl themselves into the sea, but <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> prevented this. These birds became propitious for those who sailed the sea. <a href="/people/19910" target="_blank">Polytechnus</a>, when he changed, became a woodpecker because <a href="/people/84" target="_blank">Hephaestus</a> had given him an axe for his work as a carpenter. This bird is of good omen for carpenters. The brother of <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a> became a hoopoe, a bird of good omen when it appears, both for sailors as well as for landfarers, especially when in company with the sea <a href="/people/10980" target="_blank">eagle</a> and more so if with the halcyon. As to <a href="/people/2696" target="_blank">Aedon</a> and <a href="/people/19775" target="_blank">Chelidonis</a>, the former mourns her son <a href="/people/6061" target="_blank">Itys</a> by streams and in copses while the latter has become by the will of <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> a sharer of the dwelling places of mankind. For she had forcibly lost her virginity and had made many cries to <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> for help. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=12> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:12'><b>§ 12</b>  CYCNUS or SWAN: <a href="/people/14906" target="_blank">Nicander</a> tells this tale in the third book of his Metamorphoses, as also <a href="/people/19956" target="_blank">Areus</a> the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/370225RLak" class="person" long="22.5" lat="37.001">Laconian</a> in his Ode to <a href="/people/19562" target="_blank">Cycnus</a>. <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> and <a href="/people/19940" target="_blank">Thyrie</a>, daughter of <a href="/people/19724" target="_blank">Amphinomus</a>, had a son called <a href="/people/19562" target="_blank">Cycnus</a>. He was of fine appearance, but graceless and boorish in character. He was extraordinarily devoted to hunting. He lived in the country between <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384214PPle" class="place" long="21.417" lat="38.402">Pleuron</a> and <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384215UKal" class="place" long="21.533" lat="38.372">Calydon</a>. There were many who became his lovers because of his beauty. Because of his disdainfulness <a href="/people/19562" target="_blank">Cycnus</a> attained understanding with no one. Very soon he came to be thoroughly disliked by his admirers and abandoned by them. <a href="/people/19907" target="_blank">Phylius</a> alone stood by him. But <a href="/people/19562" target="_blank">Cycnus</a> treated him with immoderate arrogance. At that time there appeared among the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/386215RAit" class="ethnic" long="21.5" lat="38.6">Aitolians</a> a great monster of a <a href="/people/10960" target="_blank">lion</a> that savaged the inhabitants and their flocks. <a href="/people/19562" target="_blank">Cycnus</a> ordered <a href="/people/19907" target="_blank">Phylius</a> to kill the <a href="/people/10960" target="_blank">lion</a> without using a weapon. He promised to do so and made away with the animal by the following trick. Knowing at what hour the <a href="/people/10960" target="_blank">lion</a> was going to go prowling, he filled his stomach with a great deal of food and wine. When the beast came up, <a href="/people/19907" target="_blank">Phylius</a> sicked up the food. The <a href="/people/10960" target="_blank">lion</a>, hungry, availed himself of this food and was spiked down by the wine. <a href="/people/19907" target="_blank">Phylius</a>, throwing his arm round the <a href="/people/10960" target="_blank">lion</a>, blocked his maw with the clothing he wore. Having killed the beast, he put it on his shoulders and carried it to <a href="/people/19562" target="_blank">Cycnus</a>. He gained wide renown for this achievement. <a href="/people/19562" target="_blank">Cycnus</a> then demanded an even stranger feat. There had appeared in this land some vultures, monstrous and enormous. They killed many people. <a href="/people/19562" target="_blank">Cycnus</a> ordered him to catch them alive and to bring them to him, by whatever method. <a href="/people/19907" target="_blank">Phylius</a> was wondering how he was to achieve this task when, by divine intervention, an <a href="/people/10980" target="_blank">eagle</a> that had snatched up a hare let it fall half-dead before it could take it to its eyrie. <a href="/people/19907" target="_blank">Phylius</a> tore open the hare, besmeared himself with the blood and lay on the ground. The birds swooped on him as a cadaver. <a href="/people/19907" target="_blank">Phylius</a> caught hold of two birds by their legs and, getting a good hold, carried them off to <a href="/people/19562" target="_blank">Cycnus</a>. <a href="/people/19562" target="_blank">Cycnus</a> then imposed on him an even more difficult feat. He ordered him to carry a <a href="/people/10955" target="_blank">bull</a> away from its herd, using only his hands, and to haul it off all the way to the altar of <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a>. <a href="/people/19907" target="_blank">Phylius</a>, not knowing how he was to accomplish the task, prayed to <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> to assist him in this. In answer to this prayer there came into view two <a href="/people/10955" target="_blank">bulls</a>, both in rut for a <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cow</a>; they butted with their horns hurling each other to the ground. When he saw the <a href="/people/10955" target="_blank">bulls</a> sprawling helplessly, <a href="/people/19907" target="_blank">Phylius</a> caught one by the leg and dragged it off to the altar. <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> desired him to pay no more attention to the orders of that youth. <a href="/people/19562" target="_blank">Cycnus</a> felt fearsomely and unexpectedly disgraced. In his depression he flung himself into the lake called <a about="https://topostext.org/place/386213UKon" class="place" long="21.299" lat="38.572">Conope</a> and was seen no more. After his death, his mother, <a href="/people/19940" target="_blank">Thyrie</a>, threw herself into the same lake. By the will of <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> they both became lake birds. After their disappearance, the lake's name was changed and became the Swan Lake. Many swans appear there at ploughing time. The tomb of <a href="/people/19907" target="_blank">Phylius</a> stands nearby. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=13> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:13'><b>§ 13</b>  ASPALIS: <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> and the nymph <a href="/people/8077" target="_blank">Othreis</a> had a child, <a href="/people/19868" target="_blank">Meliteus</a>. In fear of <a href="/people/19" target="_blank">Hera</a> because of her own intercourse with <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a>, his mother exposed the child in a wood. By the will of <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> the child was not lost to sight but was fed by <a href="/people/10964" target="_blank">bees</a> and began to grow. As he was pasturing his <a href="/people/10954" target="_blank">sheep</a>, Phagrus, son of <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> and <a href="/people/8077" target="_blank">Othreis</a> the nymph (the same as the mother of this babe in the wood), chanced to come across him. Marvelling at how well-fed the child was, and even more at the <a href="/people/10964" target="_blank">bees</a>, he gathered him up and took him home. He brought him up with great care and gave him the name <a href="/people/19868" target="_blank">Meliteus</a> because he had been nourished by <a href="/people/10964" target="_blank">bees</a>. He also recalled the oracle in which the god had once told him that he was the one to save someone of the same kin that had been reared by <a href="/people/10964" target="_blank">bees</a>. The lad, as soon as he had become of age, grew into a man of nobility and came to rule over many people of the region and founded a city in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/393223RPht" class="place" long="22.5" lat="39.2">Phthia</a> which he called <a about="https://topostext.org/place/390225UMel" class="place" long="22.4565" lat="39.0385">Melite</a>. But there arose in this same <a about="https://topostext.org/place/390225UMel" class="place" long="22.4565" lat="39.0385">Melite</a> a violent and arrogant tyrant whom the inhabitants could not bring themselves to name. By foreigners he was called <a href="/people/306" target="_blank">Tartarus</a>. Whenever any maiden from the neighbourhood began to be famed for her beauty, he would lead her off and have forcible intercourse with her before her marriage. Thus it was that one day he bade his men fetch <a href="/people/5480" target="_blank">Aspalis</a>, daughter of <a href="/people/12140" target="_blank">Argaeus</a>, one of the notables. When the girl heard about this order, she hanged herself before the arrival of those who were to fetch her away. This deed had not yet got about when her brother, <a href="/people/19959" target="_blank">Astygites</a>, swore to slay the tyrant before his sister's body was cut down. He swiftly put on garments of <a href="/people/5480" target="_blank">Aspalis</a> and hid a sword on his left side and escaped scrutiny, being still a youngster. Entering the house, he killed the tyrant who was unarmed and unguarded. The <a about="https://topostext.org/place/390225UMel" class="ethnic" long="22.4565" lat="39.0385">Meliteans</a> put a festal crown on <a href="/people/19959" target="_blank">Astygites</a> and led him in procession with paeans. The body of the tyrant was thrown into a river and pushed under. From that time the river has been called <a href="/people/306" target="_blank">Tartarus</a>. They made every effort to find the body of <a href="/people/5480" target="_blank">Aspalis</a> in order to offer it splendid obsequies, but they could not find it. For it had disappeared by divine will. Instead of the body, there appeared her statue standing by that of <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a>, This statue is called by local people <a href="/people/5480" target="_blank">Aspalis</a> Ameilete <a href="/people/4551" target="_blank">Hecaerge</a>. Every year maidens suspended on it a young she-<a href="/people/10956" target="_blank">goat</a> untouched by the male because <a href="/people/5480" target="_blank">Aspalis</a> was a virgin when she hanged herself. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=14> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:14'><b>§ 14</b>  MUNICHUS: <a href="/people/19875" target="_blank">Munichus</a>, son of <a href="/people/14717" target="_blank">Dryas</a> and king of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/398206RMol" class="ethnic" long="20.6" lat="39.8">Molossians</a>, was an excellent seer and a just man. By his wife <a href="/people/19853" target="_blank">Lelante</a> he had as children <a href="/people/19720" target="_blank">Alcander</a>, a better seer than himself, and <a href="/people/19866" target="_blank">Megaletor</a> and <a href="/people/19900" target="_blank">Philaeus</a>, as well as a daughter <a href="/people/19832" target="_blank">Hyperippe</a>. They were all good and just and the gods loved them. When one night they were in the fields some raiders came up and tried to capture them. The family shot at them from towers (not being able to equal them in fight) but the robbers sent fiery arrows into the buildings. <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a>, because of their piety, could not overlook that their lives were ending in a pitiable death. He changed them all into birds. <a href="/people/19832" target="_blank">Hyperippe</a>, who had fled the flames by diving into water, was turned into a shearwater. The others who flew up out of the flames were <a href="/people/19875" target="_blank">Munichus</a> who became a buzzard and <a href="/people/19720" target="_blank">Alcander</a> who became a wren. <a href="/people/19866" target="_blank">Megaletor</a> and <a href="/people/19900" target="_blank">Philaeus</a>, escaping the flames through the stockade at ground level, turned into two tiny birds. The former became an ichneumon bird while <a href="/people/19900" target="_blank">Philaeus</a> became a dog bird. Their mother became an insect-eating woodpecker. The <a href="/people/10980" target="_blank">eagle</a> and the heron are ever at war with her because she breaks their eggs when she chops into oaks looking for insects. The rest of these birds feed together in woods and hollows, except the shearwater which lives by lakes and the sea. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=15> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:15'><b>§ 15</b>  MEROPIS: <a href="/people/19805" target="_blank">Eumelus</a>, son of <a href="/people/19435" target="_blank">Merops</a>, had children who were haughty and arrogant: <a href="/people/19766" target="_blank">Byssa</a>, <a href="/people/19869" target="_blank">Meropis</a> and <a href="/people/19717" target="_blank">Agron</a>. They lived on <a about="https://topostext.org/place/369273PKos" class="place" long="27.2859" lat="36.8914">Cos</a>, the <a href="/people/9791" target="_blank">Meropid</a> isle. Their land furnished them with plentiful crops because they worshipped its goddess alone and cultivated her soil diligently. They had nothing to do with people and did not go to town for solemn banquets and festivals of the gods, instead, if someone about to sacrifice to <a href="/people/11" target="_blank">Athena</a> invited the girls, their brother would decline the invitation. He said he had no affection for a goddess with grey eyes because these girls had black eyes — and he utterly disliked the <a href="/people/10997" target="_blank">owl</a> as a bird. If there were invitations to a feast of <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a>, he said that he hated a goddess who wandered about at night. If asked to go to pour libations to <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a>, he said he did not respect a god who was a thief. They frequently went in for this this sort of insult. <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> and <a href="/people/11" target="_blank">Athena</a> and <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> were infuriated and one night made their way to their house. <a href="/people/11" target="_blank">Athena</a> and <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> were in the shape of girls while <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> wore the smock of a shepherd. He addressed <a href="/people/19805" target="_blank">Eumelus</a> and <a href="/people/19717" target="_blank">Agron</a>, inviting them to go to a banquet, to offer sacrifices to <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> with other shepherds. He also urged him to send <a href="/people/19766" target="_blank">Byssa</a> and <a href="/people/19869" target="_blank">Meropis</a> to join the other girls of their age at the grove sacred to <a href="/people/11" target="_blank">Athena</a> and <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a>. So spoke <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a>. <a href="/people/19869" target="_blank">Meropis</a> when she heard the name of <a href="/people/11" target="_blank">Athena</a> poured scorn on it. The goddess turned her into a little <a href="/people/10997" target="_blank">owl</a>. <a href="/people/19766" target="_blank">Byssa</a> is now the bird of <a href="/people/16738" target="_blank">Leucothea</a>, called by the same name as before. When <a href="/people/19717" target="_blank">Agron</a> became aware of all this he snatched up a spit and ran out but <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> turned him into a plover. <a href="/people/19805" target="_blank">Eumelus</a> abused <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> for changing his son, so the god turned him into a long-eared <a href="/people/10997" target="_blank">owl</a>, omen of evil. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=16> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:16'><b>§ 16</b>  OENOE: <a href="/people/3547" target="_blank">Boeus</a> tells this tale in the second book of his Origins of Birds. Among the people we call <a href="/people/10944" target="_blank">Pygmies</a> there was born a girl called <a href="/people/18516" target="_blank">Oinoe</a> who was of flawless beauty but she was graceless by nature and overweening. She cared not a rap for <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> and <a href="/people/19" target="_blank">Hera</a>. She was married to one of the citizens, Nicodamas, a good and sensible man, and gave birth to a child called <a href="/people/872" target="_blank">Mopsus</a>. And all the <a href="/people/10944" target="_blank">Pygmies</a>, who loved to show kindliness, brought her many gifts to celebrate the birth of the child. But <a href="/people/19" target="_blank">Hera</a> found fault with <a href="/people/18516" target="_blank">Oinoe</a> for not honouring her and turned her into a crane, elongating her neck, ordaining that she should be a bird that flew high. She also caused <a href="/people/18482" target="_blank">war</a> to arise between her and the <a href="/people/10944" target="_blank">Pygmies</a>. Yearning for her child <a href="/people/872" target="_blank">Mopsus</a>, Oinoe flew over houses and would not go away. But all the <a href="/people/10944" target="_blank">Pygmies</a> armed themselves and chased her away. Because of this there arose a state of war then as well as now between the <a href="/people/10944" target="_blank">Pygmies</a> and cranes. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=17> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:17'><b>§ 17</b>  LEUCIPPUS: <a href="/people/14906" target="_blank">Nicander</a> tells this tale in the second book of his Metamorphoses. <a href="/people/19811" target="_blank">Galatea</a>, daughter of <a href="/people/19990" target="_blank">Eurytius</a>, who was son of <a href="/people/20459" target="_blank">Sparton</a>, married at <a about="https://topostext.org/place/351248PPha" class="place" long="24.8138" lat="35.0512">Phaestus</a> in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/352252IKre" class="place" long="25.1836" lat="35.2052">Crete</a> <a href="/people/507" target="_blank">Pandion</a>'s son, <a href="/people/20030" target="_blank">Lamprus</a>, a man of good family but without means. When <a href="/people/19811" target="_blank">Galatea</a> became pregnant, <a href="/people/20030" target="_blank">Lamprus</a> prayed to have a son and said plainly to his wife that she was to expose her child if it was a daughter. When <a href="/people/20030" target="_blank">Lamprus</a> had gone off to tend his flocks, <a href="/people/19811" target="_blank">Galatea</a> gave birth to a daughter. Feeling pity for her babe, she counted on the remoteness of their house and — backed by dreams and seers telling her to bring up the girl as a boy - deceived <a href="/people/20030" target="_blank">Lamprus</a> by saying she had given birth to a son and brought the child up as a boy, giving it the name <a href="/people/19855" target="_blank">Leucippus</a>. As the girl grew up she became unutterably beautiful. Because it was no longer possible to hide this, <a href="/people/19811" target="_blank">Galatea</a>, fearing <a href="/people/20030" target="_blank">Lamprus</a>, fled to the sanctuary of <a href="/people/127" target="_blank">Leto</a> and made many a prayer to her that the child might become a boy instead of a girl, just as had happened to <a href="/people/3281" target="_blank">Caenis</a>, daughter of <a href="/people/8614" target="_blank">Atrax</a>, who by the will of <a href="/people/25" target="_blank">Poseidon</a> became <a href="/people/3281" target="_blank">Caeneus</a> the <a href="/people/721" target="_blank">Lapith</a>. So also <a href="/people/468" target="_blank">Tiresias</a> changed from man to woman because he had encountered and killed two <a href="/people/55" target="_blank">snakes</a> that had been mating at a crossroads. He changed again from woman back to man by killing another <a href="/people/55" target="_blank">serpent</a>. <a href="/people/1980" target="_blank">Hypermestra</a> had frequently sold her body in the form of a woman for a fee, becoming a man to bring food for her father, <a href="/people/2490" target="_blank">Aethon</a>. The <a about="https://topostext.org/place/352252IKre" class="demonym" long="25.1836" lat="35.2052">Cretan</a>, <a href="/people/20461" target="_blank">Siproites</a>, had also been turned into a woman for having seen <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> bathing when out hunting. <a href="/people/127" target="_blank">Leto</a> took pity on <a href="/people/19811" target="_blank">Galatea</a> because of her unremitting and distressed prayers and changed the sex of the child into a boy's. In memory of this change the citizens of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/351248PPha" class="place" long="24.8138" lat="35.0512">Phaestus</a> still sacrifice to <a href="/people/127" target="_blank">Leto</a> the Grafter because she had grafted organs on the girl and they give her festival the name of Ecdysia ['Stripping'] because the girl had stripped off her maidenly peplus. It is now an observance in marriages to lie down beforehand beside the statue of <a href="/people/19855" target="_blank">Leucippus</a>. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=18> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:18'><b>§ 18</b>  EEROPUS or BEE-EATER: <a href="/people/3547" target="_blank">Boeus</a> tells this tale in the second book of his Origins of Birds. <a href="/people/19989" target="_blank">Eumelus</a>, son of <a href="/people/19988" target="_blank">Eugnotus</a>, settled at <a about="https://topostext.org/place/383233PThe" class="place" long="23.3178" lat="38.3191">Thebes</a> in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384233RBoi" class="place" long="23.25" lat="38.35">Boeotia</a> and had a son called <a href="/people/20021" target="_blank">Botres</a>. This <a href="/people/19989" target="_blank">Eumelus</a> revered <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a>, offering him generous sacrifices. One day when he was sacrificing, his son <a href="/people/20021" target="_blank">Botres</a>, who was present, ate the brain of the <a href="/people/10954" target="_blank">sheep</a> before it was offered up on the altar. Realizing what had happened, <a href="/people/19989" target="_blank">Eumelus</a> angrily picked up a brand from the altar and hit the boy on the head with it. The boy, streaming with blood, fell down in convulsions. When his mother saw this, as did the father and their servants, they made great lamentations. <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> took pity since <a href="/people/19989" target="_blank">Eumelus</a> had revered him and turned the boy into a bee-eater which to this day lays its eggs underground and is ever busied with flying about. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=19> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:19'><b>§ 19</b>  THE THIEVES: In <a about="https://topostext.org/place/352252IKre" class="place" long="25.1836" lat="35.2052">Crete</a> there is said to be a sacred cave full of <a href="/people/10964" target="_blank">bees</a>. In it, as storytellers say, <a href="/people/243" target="_blank">Rhea</a> gave birth to <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a>; it is a sacred place and no one is to go near it, whether god or mortal. At the appointed time each year a great blaze is seen to come out of the cave. Their story goes on to say that this happens whenever the blood from the birth of <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> begins to boil up. The sacred <a href="/people/10964" target="_blank">bees</a> that were the nurses of <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> occupy this cave. <a href="/people/20189" target="_blank">Laius</a>, <a href="/people/20103" target="_blank">Celeus</a>, <a href="/people/20104" target="_blank">Cerberus</a> and <a href="/people/20051" target="_blank">Aegolius</a> were bold enough to approach the cave to collect a great quantity of honey. With their bodies enclosed all over with bronze, they gathered the <a href="/people/10964" target="_blank">bees</a>' honey and gazed on the swaddling clothes of <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a>, Their bronze armour split away from their bodies. <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> thundered and brandished his thunderbolt, but the <a href="/people/140" target="_blank">Fates</a> and <a href="/people/554" target="_blank">Themis</a> stopped him. It was impious for anyone to die there. So <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> turned them all into birds. From them is descended the race of birds of omen, blue rock thrushes, woodpeckers, kerberoi and aigolioi <a href="/people/10997" target="_blank">owls</a>. Their appearance effectively augurs well, better than other birds, because they have seen the blood of <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a>. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=20> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:20'><b>§ 20</b>  CLINIS: <a href="/people/3547" target="_blank">Boeus</a> tells this tale in his second book, as also <a href="/people/15710" target="_blank">Simmias</a> of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/364282IRho" class="person" long="28.2244" lat="36.4408">Rhodes</a> in his <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a>. In the land called <a href="/people/290" target="_blank">Mesopotamia</a>, near the city of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/325444UBab" class="place" long="44.421" lat="32.542">Babylon</a>, dwelt a rich man named <a href="/people/4933" target="_blank">Clinis</a> who respected the gods. He had many <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cattle</a>, <a href="/people/10962" target="_blank">asses</a> and <a href="/people/10954" target="_blank">sheep</a>. <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> and <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> had a very great affection for him and he frequently attended with these gods the temple of <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> in the land of the <a href="/people/801" target="_blank">Hyperboreans</a> where he saw the consecration of the sacrifices of <a href="/people/10962" target="_blank">asses</a> to the god. Returning to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/325444UBab" class="place" long="44.421" lat="32.542">Babylon</a>, he too wanted to worship the god as among the <a href="/people/801" target="_blank">Hyperboreans</a> and arranged by the altar a hecatomb of <a href="/people/10962" target="_blank">asses</a>. <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> appeared and threatened him with death if he did not cease from this sacrifice and did not offer up to him the usual <a href="/people/10956" target="_blank">goats</a>, <a href="/people/10954" target="_blank">sheep</a> and <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cattle</a>. For this sacrifice of <a href="/people/10962" target="_blank">asses</a> was a source of pleasure for the god only if carried out by the <a href="/people/801" target="_blank">Hyperboreans</a>. Terrified by this threat, <a href="/people/4933" target="_blank">Clinis</a> sent the <a href="/people/10962" target="_blank">asses</a> away from the altar and passed on to his children the words he had heard. By his wife <a href="/people/5687" target="_blank">Harpe</a> he had three sons <a href="/people/1750" target="_blank">Lycius</a>, <a href="/people/5854" target="_blank">Ortygius</a> and Harpasus, and a daughter Artemiche. Now <a href="/people/1750" target="_blank">Lycius</a> and Harpasus heard their father but went on telling him to sacrifice the <a href="/people/10962" target="_blank">asses</a> and to enjoy the festival. But <a href="/people/5854" target="_blank">Ortygius</a> and Artemiche urged him to obey <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a>. Though <a href="/people/4933" target="_blank">Clinis</a> was more persuaded by the latter two, Harpasus and <a href="/people/1750" target="_blank">Lycius</a> undid the halters of the <a href="/people/10962" target="_blank">asses</a> and set to driving them towards the altar. The god infected the <a href="/people/10962" target="_blank">asses</a> with a madness and they began to eat up the children, their servants and <a href="/people/4933" target="_blank">Clinis</a> too. As they were perishing they cried out to the gods for help. <a href="/people/25" target="_blank">Poseidon</a> felt sorry for <a href="/people/5687" target="_blank">Harpe</a> and Harpasus and turned them into birds called by the same names as they had before. <a href="/people/127" target="_blank">Leto</a> and <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> saw fit to save <a href="/people/4933" target="_blank">Clinis</a>, Artemiche and <a href="/people/5854" target="_blank">Ortygius</a> for they had not been the cause of these impieties. <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> granted this favour to <a href="/people/127" target="_blank">Leto</a> and <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> and changed them all into birds before they could be killed. <a href="/people/4933" target="_blank">Clinis</a> became a hupaietos, an under-<a href="/people/10980" target="_blank">eagle</a>. He is second after the <a href="/people/10980" target="_blank">eagle</a> and is not difficult to recognize. The former, a slayer of fawns, is dark, large and strong; the hupaietos is blacker and smaller. <a href="/people/1750" target="_blank">Lycius</a> was changed into a raven that was white but later, by the wish of <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a>, he became of a sable colour, because he had been the first to announce the marriage of <a href="/people/13716" target="_blank">Coronis</a>, daughter of <a href="/people/1608" target="_blank">Phlegyas</a>, to <a href="/people/2369" target="_blank">Alcyoneus</a>. Artemiche became a lark, a bird that gods and humans are fond of. <a href="/people/5854" target="_blank">Ortygius</a> became a billy-tit because he had urged his father to sacrifice billy-<a href="/people/10956" target="_blank">goats</a> instead of <a href="/people/10962" target="_blank">asses</a> to <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a>. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=21> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:21'><b>§ 21</b>  POLYPHONTE: <a href="/people/19629" target="_blank">Thrassa</a> was daughter of <a href="/people/24" target="_blank">Ares</a> and of <a href="/people/19627" target="_blank">Tereine</a> daughter of <a href="/people/18733" target="_blank">Strymon</a>. <a href="/people/19574" target="_blank">Hipponous</a>, son of Triballos, married her and they had a daughter called <a href="/people/5918" target="_blank">Polyphonte</a>. She scorned the activities of <a href="/people/15" target="_blank">Aphrodite</a> and went to the mountains as a companion and sharer of sports with <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a>. <a href="/people/15" target="_blank">Aphrodite</a>, whose activities <a href="/people/5918" target="_blank">Polyphonte</a> had failed to honour, made her fail in love with a bear and drove her mad. By demonic urge she went on heat and coupled with this bear. <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> seeing her was utterly disgusted with her and turned all beasts against her. <a href="/people/5918" target="_blank">Polyphonte</a>, fearing that the beasts would make an end of her, fled and reached her father's house. She brought forth two children, <a href="/people/19534" target="_blank">Agrius</a> and <a href="/people/15199" target="_blank">Orius</a>, huge and of immense strength. They honoured neither god nor man but scorned them all. If they met a stranger they would haul him home to eat, <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> loathed them and sent <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> to punish them in whatever way he chose. <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> decided to chop off their hands and feet. But <a href="/people/24" target="_blank">Ares</a>, since the family of <a href="/people/5918" target="_blank">Polyphonte</a> descended from him, snatched her sons from this fate. With the help of <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> he changed them into birds. <a href="/people/5918" target="_blank">Polyphonte</a> became a small <a href="/people/10997" target="_blank">owl</a> whose voice is heard at night. She does not eat or drink and keeps her head turned down and the tips of her feet turned up. She is a portent of war and sedition for mankind. <a href="/people/15199" target="_blank">Orius</a> became an <a href="/people/10980" target="_blank">eagle</a> <a href="/people/10997" target="_blank">owl</a>, a bird that presages little good to anyone when it appears. <a href="/people/19534" target="_blank">Agrius</a> was changed into a vulture, the bird most detested by gods and men. These gods gave him an utter craving for human flesh and blood. Their female servant was changed into a woodpecker. As she was changing her shape she prayed to the gods not to become a bird evil for mankind. <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> and <a href="/people/24" target="_blank">Ares</a> heard her prayer because she had by necessity done what her masters had ordered. This is a bird of good omen for someone going hunting or to feasts. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=22> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:22'><b>§ 22</b>  CERAMBUS: <a href="/people/9099" target="_blank">Cerambus</a>, son of <a href="/people/18714" target="_blank">Eusirus</a>, who was the son of <a href="/people/25" target="_blank">Poseidon</a> and of <a href="/people/5382" target="_blank">Eidothea</a> the nymph of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/390227LOth" class="place" long="22.7097" lat="39.0169">Othreis</a>, lived in the land of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/388224RMal" class="ethnic" long="22.4" lat="38.8">Melians</a> on the spurs of Mount <a about="https://topostext.org/place/390227LOth" class="place" long="22.7097" lat="39.0169">Othrys</a>. He had numerous flocks and herded them himself. <a href="/people/159" target="_blank">Nymphs</a> would help him since he delighted them as he sang among the mountains. He is said to have been the best singer of those days and was famous for his rural songs. In those hills he devised the shepherd's pipes and was the first of mankind to play the lyre, composing many beautiful songs. It is said that because of this the nymphs one day became visible to <a href="/people/9099" target="_blank">Cerambus</a> as they danced to the strumming of his lyre. <a href="/people/97" target="_blank">Pan</a>, in good will, gave him this advice: to leave <a about="https://topostext.org/place/390227LOth" class="place" long="22.7097" lat="39.0169">Othrys</a> and pasture his flocks on the plain, for the coming winter was going to be exceptionally and unbelievably severe. <a href="/people/9099" target="_blank">Cerambus</a>, with the arrogance of youth, decided — as though smitten by some god — not to drive his beasts from <a about="https://topostext.org/place/390227LOth" class="place" long="22.7097" lat="39.0169">Othrys</a> to the plain. He also uttered graceless and mindless things to the nymphs, saying they were not descended from <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a>, but that <a href="/people/8627" target="_blank">Deino</a> had given birth to them, with the River <a about="https://topostext.org/place/389225WSpe" class="place" long="22.467" lat="38.856">Spercheius</a> as the father. He also said that <a href="/people/25" target="_blank">Poseidon</a>, for lust of one of them, <a href="/people/20140" target="_blank">Diopatra</a>, had made her sisters put down roots and turned them into poplars until, satiated with his desires, he had returned them to their original shapes. Thus did <a href="/people/9099" target="_blank">Cerambus</a> taunt the nymphs. After a short while there came a sudden frost and the streams froze. Much snow fell on the flocks of <a href="/people/9099" target="_blank">Cerambus</a> and they were lost to sight as well as were the trees and paths. The nymphs, in anger against <a href="/people/9099" target="_blank">Cerambus</a> because of his slanders, changed him into a wood-gnawing <a href="/people/18757" target="_blank">Cerambyx</a> beetle. He can be seen on trunks and has hook-teeth, ever moving his jaws together. He is black, long and has hard wings like a great dung beetle. He is called the ox that eats wood and, among the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/394223RThs" class="ethnic" long="22.3" lat="39.4">Thessalians</a>, <a href="/people/18757" target="_blank">Cerambyx</a>. Boys use him as a toy, cutting off his head, to wear as a pendant. The head looks like the horns of a lyre made from a tortoiseshell. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=23> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:23'><b>§ 23</b>  BATTUS: <a href="/people/14906" target="_blank">Nicander</a> tells this tale in the first book of his Metamorphoses, as does <a href="/people/86" target="_blank">Hesiod</a> in his Great <a href="/people/13638" target="_blank">Eoeae</a>, <a href="/people/18661" target="_blank">Didymarchus</a> in the third book of his Metamorphoses, <a href="/people/12376" target="_blank">Antigonus</a> in his Changes, <a href="/people/2288" target="_blank">Apollonius Rhodius</a> in his Epigrams, as does <a href="/people/568" target="_blank">Pamphilus</a> in his first book. <a href="/people/7111" target="_blank">Argos</a>, son of <a href="/people/548" target="_blank">Phrixus</a>, and <a href="/people/8564" target="_blank">Perimele</a>, daughter of <a href="/people/1035" target="_blank">Admetus</a>, had a son, <a href="/people/18679" target="_blank">Magnes</a>. He lived near <a about="https://topostext.org/place/394223RThs" class="place" long="22.3" lat="39.4">Thessaly</a> and people named this land <a about="https://topostext.org/place/397227RMag" class="place" long="22.9" lat="39.4">Magnesia</a> after him. He had a son, <a href="/people/846" target="_blank">Hymenaeus</a>, admired by all around for his appearance. <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> saw the lad and fell in love with him and would not leave the house of <a href="/people/18679" target="_blank">Magnes</a>. Because of this <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> plotted to get the herd of <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cattle</a> belonging to <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> that pastured with those of <a href="/people/1035" target="_blank">Admetus</a>. First he made the bitches that guarded them lethargic and also gave them dog-quinsy. They forgot about the <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cattle</a> and lost the ability to bark. Then he drove off twelve heifers and a hundred <a href="/people/10961" target="_blank">oxen</a> that had not yet been yoked, as well as a <a href="/people/10955" target="_blank">bull</a> for mounting the <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cows</a>. He tied branches to the tails of each beast so that the trail of the <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cattle</a> would be lost. He herded and drove them across the lands of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/398223UPel" class="ethnic" long="22.5" lat="39.5">Pelasgians</a>, through <a about="https://topostext.org/place/382219RAch" class="demonym" long="21.9" lat="38.2">Achaean</a> <a about="https://topostext.org/place/393223RPht" class="place" long="22.5" lat="39.2">Phthiotis</a>, <a about="https://topostext.org/place/386231ROpu" class="place" long="23.04" lat="38.65">Locris</a>, <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384233RBoi" class="place" long="23.25" lat="38.35">Boeotia</a>, the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/380233PMeg" class="place" long="23.34285" lat="37.997">Megarid</a> and from there to the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/375222RPel" class="place" long="22.15" lat="37.54">Peloponnese</a>, through <a about="https://topostext.org/place/379229PKor" class="place" long="22.8802" lat="37.9054">Corinth</a> and <a about="https://topostext.org/place/396224PLar" class="place" long="22.421" lat="39.6349">Larissa</a> to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/375224PTeg" class="place" long="22.429" lat="37.464">Tegea</a>. From there he passed on by <a about="https://topostext.org/place/375220LLyk" class="place" long="21.975" lat="37.4569">Mount Lykaion</a> and Mount <a about="https://topostext.org/place/377223LMai" class="place" long="22.2693" lat="37.4845">Maenalus</a> till he came to a place now called the Lookouts of <a href="/people/18718" target="_blank">Battus</a>. This <a href="/people/18718" target="_blank">Battus</a> lived on the top of a peak. When he heard the sounds of the heifers as they were being driven, he strode out of his house. He saw that the <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cattle</a> had been rustled and asked for a bribe not to tell anyone about the matter. <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> agreed to provide one on these terms and <a href="/people/18718" target="_blank">Battus</a> swore not to tell anyone about the <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cattle</a>. <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> then hid the beasts in a headland by Mount <a about="https://topostext.org/place/370217LKor" class="place" long="21.658" lat="36.951">Coryphasium</a>, driving them into a cave facing <a about="https://topostext.org/place/406163RIta" class="place" long="16.3" lat="40.6">Italy</a> and <a about="https://topostext.org/place/376145RSic" class="place" long="14.5" lat="37.6">Sicily</a>. Then he returned to <a href="/people/18718" target="_blank">Battus</a> in disguise, testing him to see if he would abide by his oath. Offering a woollen cloak as a bribe, he asked if he had seen rustled <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cattle</a> being driven by. <a href="/people/18718" target="_blank">Battus</a> accepted the cloak and told him all about the <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cattle</a>. <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a>, indignant because he was double-tongued, struck him with his staff and turned him into a rock. And he is never without either heat or cold. To this day the place is called by passers-by the Lookouts of <a href="/people/18718" target="_blank">Battus</a>. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=24> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:24'><b>§ 24</b>  ASCALABUS: <a href="/people/48" target="_blank">Demeter</a>, when she was a wanderer traversing the whole earth in search of her daughter, stopped for a rest in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/379239RAtt" class="place" long="23.9" lat="37.9">Attica</a>. <a href="/people/20217" target="_blank">Misme</a> took her in when she was parched in the great heat. She gave her a drink of water with pennyroyal and barley groats in it Because of her thirst <a href="/people/48" target="_blank">Demeter</a> swallowed the drink in one draught. When he saw this, <a href="/people/20083" target="_blank">Ascalabus</a>, the son of <a href="/people/20217" target="_blank">Misme</a>, burst into laughter and ordered that a deep basin or jar be offered to her. <a href="/people/48" target="_blank">Demeter</a> in anger poured over him what was left of her drink. He was changed bodily into a multi-coloured gecko [askalabos] which is hated by gods and mankind. He passes his life along ditches. Whoever kills him is cherished by <a href="/people/48" target="_blank">Demeter</a>. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=25> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:25'><b>§ 25</b>  METIOCHE AND MENIPPE: <a href="/people/14906" target="_blank">Nicander</a> tells this tale in the fourth book of his Metamorphoses, as does <a href="/people/2304" target="_blank">Corinna</a> in the first book of her Weroia. In <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384233RBoi" class="place" long="23.25" lat="38.35">Boeotia</a> <a href="/people/297" target="_blank">Orion</a>, son of <a href="/people/2476" target="_blank">Hyrieus</a>, had as daughters <a href="/people/20215" target="_blank">Metioche</a> and <a href="/people/20212" target="_blank">Menippe</a>. After <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> had taken him away from the sight of mankind, they were brought up by their mother. <a href="/people/11" target="_blank">Athena</a> taught them to weave on the loom and <a href="/people/15" target="_blank">Aphrodite</a> gave them beauty. When plague seized the whole of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384233RBoi" class="place" long="23.25" lat="38.35">Aonia</a> and many died, there were sent a sacred embassy to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/351249UGor" class="demonym" long="24.95" lat="35.0594">Gortynian</a> <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a>. The god replied that they should make an appeal to the two gods of the underworld. He said that they would cease from their anger if two willing maidens were sacrificed to the Two. Of course not one of the maidens in the city complied with the oracle until a servant-woman reported the answer of the oracle to the daughters of <a href="/people/297" target="_blank">Orion</a>. They were at work at their loom and, as soon as they heard about this, they willingly accepted death on behalf of their fellow citizens before the plague epidemic had smitten them too. They cried out three times to the gods of the underworld saying that they were willing sacrifices. They thrust their bodkins into themselves at their shoulders and gashed open their throats. And they both fell down into the earth, <a href="/people/138" target="_blank">Persephone</a> and <a href="/people/10685" target="_blank">Hades</a> took pity on the maidens and made their bodies disappear, sending them instead up out of the earth as heavenly bodies. When they appeared, they were borne up into the sky. And men called them comets. All the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384233RBoi" class="ethnic" long="23.25" lat="38.35">Aonians</a> set up at <a about="https://topostext.org/place/385230POrc" class="place" long="22.9641" lat="38.4956">Orchomenus</a> in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384233RBoi" class="place" long="23.25" lat="38.35">Boeotia</a> a notable sanctuary to these two maidens. Every year young men and young women bring propitiatory offerings to them. To this day the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384233RBoi" class="ethnic" long="23.25" lat="38.35">Aonians</a> call them the <a href="/people/20213" target="_blank">Coronid Maidens.</a></p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=26> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:26'><b>§ 26</b>  HYLAS: When <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> set sail with the <a href="/people/461" target="_blank">Argonauts</a> he was acknowledged as their leader. He also brought aboard with him <a href="/people/1258" target="_blank">Hylas</a>, orphaned son of <a href="/people/1409" target="_blank">Ceyx</a>, a young and good-looking lad. When they reached the narrows of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/435335WPon" class="place" long="33.5" lat="43.5">Black Sea</a> and were sailing past the headland of <a href="/people/3339" target="_blank">Arganthone</a>, the waves began to toss in a storm. They dropped anchors and let the ship ride. Meanwhile <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> prepared dinner for the heroes. The boy <a href="/people/1258" target="_blank">Hylas</a> went carrying a pail to the River <a href="/people/20084" target="_blank">Ascanius</a> to fetch water for the leaders. And when the nymphs, who were the daughters of this river, saw and fell in love with him, they pulled him in, dragging him down into the spring. After <a href="/people/1258" target="_blank">Hylas</a> had disappeared, <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> saw that he was not coming back to him and deserted the heroes, searching everywhere in the thickets, calling '<a href="/people/1258" target="_blank">Hylas</a>' again and again. The nymphs, fearing that <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> might discover that they had hidden the lad among them, changed him into an echo which again and again echoed back the cries of <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a>. After all his unavailing efforts to find <a href="/people/1258" target="_blank">Hylas</a>, he returned to the ship and sailed away with the heroes. He left <a href="/people/882" target="_blank">Polyphemus</a> on the spot to search and, if he could, find <a href="/people/1258" target="_blank">Hylas</a> for him. But <a href="/people/882" target="_blank">Polyphemus</a> died before he could succeed. To this day local people make sacrifices to <a href="/people/1258" target="_blank">Hylas</a> by the spring. The priest calls him by his name three times and an echo replies three times. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=27> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:27'><b>§ 27</b>  IPHIGENIA: <a href="/people/57" target="_blank">Theseus</a> and <a href="/people/69" target="_blank">Helen</a>, daughter of <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a>, had a daughter, <a href="/people/708" target="_blank">Iphigenia</a>. <a href="/people/69" target="_blank">Helen</a>'s sister <a href="/people/595" target="_blank">Clytaemestra</a> brought her up saying to <a href="/people/47" target="_blank">Agamemnon</a> that she had given birth to her. For <a href="/people/69" target="_blank">Helen</a> had told her brothers who had questioned her that she was still a virgin when she left <a href="/people/57" target="_blank">Theseus</a>. When the army of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/382219RAch" class="ethnic" long="21.9" lat="38.2">Achaeans</a> was held up at <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384236UAul" class="place" long="23.5925" lat="38.4335">Aulis</a> for lack of winds, the seers foretold that it would be possible to sail only if they sacrificed <a href="/people/708" target="_blank">Iphigenia</a> to <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a>. At the insistence of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/382219RAch" class="ethnic" long="21.9" lat="38.2">Achaeans</a>, <a href="/people/47" target="_blank">Agamemnon</a> handed her over to be put to the knife and she was dragged to the altar. But the leaders could not bear to look on and, to a man, they turned their eyes elsewhere. <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> made a <a href="/people/10955" target="_blank">bull</a> calf appear by the altar instead of <a href="/people/708" target="_blank">Iphigenia</a> whom she carried off far away from Greece, to the Sea of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/435335WPon" class="place" long="33.5" lat="43.5">Pontus</a> with its welcoming name of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/435335WPon" class="place" long="33.5" lat="43.5">Euxine</a>, to <a href="/people/19938" target="_blank">Thoas</a> son of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/470320WBor" class="place" long="32.4546" lat="46.5629">Borysthenes</a>. She called the tribe of nomads there <a href="/people/2942" target="_blank">Taurians</a> because a <a href="/people/10955" target="_blank">bull</a> [tauros] had appeared instead of <a href="/people/708" target="_blank">Iphigenia</a> on the altar. She also named her <a href="/people/5267" target="_blank">Tauropolos</a>. After the passage of time, <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> transferred <a href="/people/708" target="_blank">Iphigenia</a> to what is called the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/453302ILeu" class="place" long="30.2038" lat="45.2548">White Island</a> [Leuke] to be with <a href="/people/17" target="_blank">Achilles</a> and changed her into an ageless immortal deity, calling her Orsilochia instead of <a href="/people/708" target="_blank">Iphigenia</a>. She became the companion of <a href="/people/17" target="_blank">Achilles</a>. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=28> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:28'><b>§ 28</b>  TYPHON: <a href="/people/233" target="_blank">Typhon</a> was the son of <a href="/people/3304" target="_blank">Earth</a>, a deity monstrous because of his strength, and of outlandish appearance. There grew out of him numerous heads and hands and wings, while from his thighs came huge coils of <a href="/people/55" target="_blank">snakes</a>. He emitted all kinds of roars and nothing could resist his might. He felt an urge to usurp the rule of <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> and not one of the gods could withstand him as he attacked. In panic they fled to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/271307REgy" class="place" long="30.7" lat="27.1">Egypt</a>, all except <a href="/people/11" target="_blank">Athena</a> and <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a>, who alone were left. <a href="/people/233" target="_blank">Typhon</a> hunted after them, on their track. When they fled they had changed themselves in anticipation into animal forms. <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> became a hawk, <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> an ibis, <a href="/people/24" target="_blank">Ares</a> became a fish, the lepidotus, <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> a <a href="/people/556" target="_blank">cat</a>, <a href="/people/5" target="_blank">Dionysus</a> took the shape of a <a href="/people/10956" target="_blank">goat</a>, <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> a fawn, <a href="/people/84" target="_blank">Hephaestus</a> an <a href="/people/10961" target="_blank">ox</a> and <a href="/people/127" target="_blank">Leto</a> a shrew <a href="/people/10966" target="_blank">mouse</a>. The rest of the gods each took on what transformations they could. When <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> struck <a href="/people/233" target="_blank">Typhon</a> with a thunderbolt, <a href="/people/233" target="_blank">Typhon</a>, aflame, hid himself and quenched the blaze in the sea. <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> did not desist but piled the highest mountain, <a about="https://topostext.org/place/377150LAit" class="place" long="15.001" lat="37.748">Etna</a>, on <a href="/people/233" target="_blank">Typhon</a> and set <a href="/people/84" target="_blank">Hephaestus</a> on the peak as a guard. Having set up his anvils, he works his red hot blooms on <a href="/people/233" target="_blank">Typhon</a>'s neck. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=29> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:29'><b>§ 29</b>  GALINTHIAS: At <a about="https://topostext.org/place/383233PThe" class="place" long="23.3178" lat="38.3191">Thebes</a> <a href="/people/14265" target="_blank">Proetus</a> had a daughter <a href="/people/16708" target="_blank">Galinthias</a>. This maiden was playmate and companion of <a href="/people/1123" target="_blank">Alcmene</a>, daughter of <a href="/people/1769" target="_blank">Electryon</a>. As the birth throes for <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> were pressing on <a href="/people/1123" target="_blank">Alcmene</a>, the <a href="/people/140" target="_blank">Fates</a> and <a href="/people/672" target="_blank">Eileithyia</a>, as a favour to <a href="/people/19" target="_blank">Hera</a>, kept <a href="/people/1123" target="_blank">Alcmene</a> in continuous birth pangs. They remained seated, each keeping their arms crossed. <a href="/people/16708" target="_blank">Galinthias</a>, fearing that the pains of her labour would drive <a href="/people/1123" target="_blank">Alcmene</a> mad, ran to the <a href="/people/140" target="_blank">Fates</a> and <a href="/people/672" target="_blank">Eileithyia</a> and announced that by desire of <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> a boy had been born to <a href="/people/1123" target="_blank">Alcmene</a> and that their prerogatives had been abolished. At all this, consternation of course overcame the <a href="/people/140" target="_blank">Fates</a> and they immediately let go their arms. <a href="/people/1123" target="_blank">Alcmene</a>'s pangs ceased at once and <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> was born. The <a href="/people/140" target="_blank">Fates</a> were aggrieved at this and took away the womanly parts of <a href="/people/16708" target="_blank">Galinthias</a> since, being but a mortal, she had deceived the gods. They turned her into a deceitful weasel, making her live in crannies and gave her a grotesque way of mating. She is mounted through the ears and gives birth by bringing forth her young through the throat. <a href="/people/409" target="_blank">Hecate</a> felt sorry for this transformation of her appearance and appointed her a sacred servant to herself. <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a>, when he grew up, remembered the favour she had done for him and made an image of her to set by his house and offered her sacrifices. The <a about="https://topostext.org/place/383233PThe" class="ethnic" long="23.3178" lat="38.3191">Thebans</a> even now maintain these rites and, before the festival of <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a>, sacrifice to <a href="/people/16708" target="_blank">Galinthias</a> first. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=30> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:30'><b>§ 30</b>  BYBLIS: In <a about="https://topostext.org/place/352252IKre" class="place" long="25.1836" lat="35.2052">Crete</a> <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> and <a href="/people/4751" target="_blank">Acacallis</a>, daughter of <a href="/people/119" target="_blank">Minos</a>, had a child called <a href="/people/4005" target="_blank">Miletus</a>. Fearing <a href="/people/119" target="_blank">Minos</a>, <a href="/people/4751" target="_blank">Acacallis</a> exposed him in a wood. By the will of <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> <a href="/people/10952" target="_blank">wolves</a> would turn up to guard him and to give milk in turn. Then herdsmen came across him and gathered him up and brought him up in their huts. As the lad grew, becoming handsome and active, <a href="/people/119" target="_blank">Minos</a> felt the urge to take him by force. So, on the advice of <a href="/people/20276" target="_blank">Sarpedon</a>, <a href="/people/4005" target="_blank">Miletus</a> boarded a boat one night and escaped to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/370287RKar" class="place" long="28.7" lat="37.01">Caria</a>. There he built the city of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/375273PMil" class="place" long="27.2775" lat="37.5292">Miletus</a> and married <a href="/people/16707" target="_blank">Eidothee</a>, daughter of <a href="/people/1156" target="_blank">Eurytus</a> king of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/370287RKar" class="place" long="28.7" lat="37.01">Caria</a>. She became the mother of twins, <a href="/people/15656" target="_blank">Caunus</a> and <a href="/people/1869" target="_blank">Byblis</a> after whom are named to this day the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/370287RKar" class="demonym" long="28.7" lat="37.01">Carian</a> cities of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/368286UKau" class="place" long="28.6215" lat="36.8259">Caunus</a> and of Byblis. <a href="/people/1869" target="_blank">Byblis</a> attracted many local suitors and, because of her fame, some from nearby cities as well. She did not pay them much attention since an unspeakable desire for <a href="/people/15656" target="_blank">Caunus</a> was driving her mad. Because she did all she could to hide this passion, she kept it from her parents. But daily she was being gripped by an even more unmanageable demon and one night she decided to throw herself from a rock. She went to a nearby mountain and set about throwing herself off. But nymphs, pitying her, held her back. Casting her into a deep sleep they changed her from a mortal to a deity, into a nymph called a hamadryad named <a href="/people/1869" target="_blank">Byblis</a>. They made her their companion and sharer of their way of life. The stream which flows from that rock is called to this day by local people the Tears of <a href="/people/1869" target="_blank">Byblis</a>. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=31> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:31'><b>§ 31</b>  THE MESSAPIANS: <a href="/people/14906" target="_blank">Nicander</a> tells this tale in the second book of his Metamorphoses. <a href="/people/717" target="_blank">Lycaon</a>, sprung from the soil, had as sons <a href="/people/20182" target="_blank">Iapyx</a>, Daunius and <a href="/people/18069" target="_blank">Peucetius</a>. They gathered an army and arrived on the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/421170WAdr" class="place" long="16.95" lat="42.09">Adriatic</a> side of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/406163RIta" class="place" long="16.3" lat="40.6">Italy</a>. They drove out the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/410155RAus" class="ethnic" long="15.5" lat="41">Ausonians</a> who were living there and, instead, settled themselves there. Most of their army consisted of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/405195RIll" class="demonym" long="19.8" lat="40.8">Illyrian</a> settlers led by <a href="/people/9798" target="_blank">Messapius</a>. When the army and the land was divided into three, they took the names of each of their leaders, <a about="https://topostext.org/place/414155RDau" class="ethnic" long="15.5" lat="41.4">Daunians</a>, <a about="https://topostext.org/place/409167RPeu" class="ethnic" long="16.7" lat="40.9">Peucetians</a> and <a about="https://topostext.org/place/405188RMes" class="ethnic" long="18" lat="40.3">Messapians</a>. The land from <a about="https://topostext.org/place/405172PTar" class="place" long="17.228" lat="40.476">Tarentum</a> to the tip of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/406163RIta" class="place" long="16.3" lat="40.6">Italy</a> became that of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/405188RMes" class="ethnic" long="18" lat="40.3">Messapians</a>, where stands the city of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/406179PBru" class="place" long="17.947" lat="40.641">Brentesium</a>. The land to this side of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/405172PTar" class="place" long="17.228" lat="40.476">Tarentum</a> became that of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/409167RPeu" class="ethnic" long="16.7" lat="40.9">Peucetians</a> and, further on, the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/414155RDau" class="ethnic" long="15.5" lat="41.4">Daunians</a> held most of the coast. The whole nation was called that of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/400182RIap" class="ethnic" long="16.9" lat="40.8">Iapygians</a>. This occurred long before the campaign of <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a>. In those days they made a living from animals in pastures. Tellers of stories say that in the land of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/405188RMes" class="ethnic" long="18" lat="40.3">Messapians</a> near the so-called Sacred Rocks there appeared the choral troupe of the <a href="/people/13826" target="_blank">Epimelid</a> nymphs. Young <a about="https://topostext.org/place/405188RMes" class="ethnic" long="18" lat="40.3">Messapians</a> left their flocks to view them. They declared they could themselves dance better. What they said irritated the nymphs and rivalry arose increasingly over their dancing. Because the youths did not know that they were competing with deities, they danced as they would in a contest with mortals of their own age. Their manner of dancing, being that of shepherds, was without art, while that of the nymphs was entirety dedicated to beauty. In their dancing they surpassed the youths and they said to them: "Young men, did you want to compete against <a href="/people/13826" target="_blank">Epimelid</a> nymphs? So, you foolish fellows, now that you have been beaten, you will be punished." The youths, as they stood by the sanctuary of the nymphs, were changed into trees. Even today one hears at night the sound of groans coming from the trunks. The place is called that of the <a href="/people/159" target="_blank">Nymphs</a> and the Youths. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=32> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:32'><b>§ 32</b>  DRYOPE: <a href="/people/14906" target="_blank">Nicander</a> tells this tale in the first book of his Metamorphoses. <a href="/people/3510" target="_blank">Dryops</a> was the son of the River <a about="https://topostext.org/place/389225WSpe" class="place" long="22.467" lat="38.856">Spercheius</a> and of <a href="/people/20258" target="_blank">Polydore</a>, one of the daughters of <a href="/people/303" target="_blank">Danaus</a>. He was king in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/388223LOit" class="place" long="22.25" lat="38.801">Oite</a> and he had an only daughter, <a href="/people/20143" target="_blank">Dryope</a>. She herself herded the flocks of her father. Now, the <a href="/people/15128" target="_blank">Hamadryad</a> <a href="/people/159" target="_blank">Nymphs</a> were very much attached to her and made her their playmate, teaching her to sing to the gods and to dance. <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a>, seeing her dancing, felt an urge to couple with her. He first changed himself into a tortoise. <a href="/people/20143" target="_blank">Dryope</a>, with the other nymphs, was amused by it and they made a toy of the tortoise. She placed it in her bosom. He changed from a tortoise to a <a href="/people/55" target="_blank">serpent</a>. The frightened nymphs abandoned <a href="/people/20143" target="_blank">Dryope</a>. <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> coupled with her and she ran full of fear to her father's house, saying nothing to her parents. When <a href="/people/18811" target="_blank">Andraemon</a>, son of <a href="/people/14150" target="_blank">Oxylus</a>, later married her, she gave birth to <a href="/people/10662" target="_blank">Amphissus</a>, the son of <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a>. As soon as he came of age he proved to be a man stronger than all others and founded a town by Mount <a about="https://topostext.org/place/388223LOit" class="place" long="22.25" lat="38.801">Oite</a> which took the name of the mountain. He became the king of the places thereabouts. In <a about="https://topostext.org/place/392210RDry" class="place" long="21" lat="39.2">Dryopis</a> he established a sanctuary of <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a>. One day, as <a href="/people/20143" target="_blank">Dryope</a> was approaching the shrine, the <a href="/people/15128" target="_blank">Hamadryad</a> nymphs gathered her up affectionately and hid her in the woods. In her place they caused a poplar to appear out of the ground. Beside it they made a spring to gush forth. <a href="/people/20143" target="_blank">Dryope</a> was changed from mortal to nymph. <a href="/people/10662" target="_blank">Amphissus</a>, in honour of the favour shown to his mother, set up a shrine to the <a href="/people/159" target="_blank">Nymphs</a> and was the first to inaugurate a foot-race there. To this day local people maintain this race. It is not holy for women to be present there because two maidens told local people that <a href="/people/20143" target="_blank">Dryope</a> had been snatched away by nymphs. The nymphs were angry at this and turned the maidens into pines. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=33> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:33'><b>§ 33</b>  ALCMENE: This is told by <a href="/people/582" target="_blank">Pherecydes</a>. After <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> had passed out of the sight of mankind, <a href="/people/14839" target="_blank">Eurystheus</a> drove his children from their paternal lands and ruled them himself. The <a href="/people/324" target="_blank">Heraclidae</a> fled to <a href="/people/1044" target="_blank">Demophon</a>, son of <a href="/people/57" target="_blank">Theseus</a>, and dwelt in the Four Towns of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/379239RAtt" class="place" long="23.9" lat="37.9">Attica</a>. <a href="/people/14839" target="_blank">Eurystheus</a> sent a messenger to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/380237PAth" class="place" long="23.72793" lat="37.9718">Athens</a> threatening war with the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/380237PAth" class="ethnic" long="23.72793" lat="37.9718">Athenians</a> if they did not drive out the <a href="/people/324" target="_blank">Heraclidae</a>. The <a about="https://topostext.org/place/380237PAth" class="ethnic" long="23.72793" lat="37.9718">Athenians</a> did not refuse war and <a href="/people/14839" target="_blank">Eurystheus</a> invaded <a about="https://topostext.org/place/379239RAtt" class="place" long="23.9" lat="37.9">Attica</a> and, after line of battle had been established, he himself died in battle. Most of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/376227PArg" class="ethnic" long="22.72079" lat="37.63091">Argives</a> were put to flight. With <a href="/people/14839" target="_blank">Eurystheus</a> dead, <a href="/people/787" target="_blank">Hyllus</a> and the other <a href="/people/324" target="_blank">Heraclidae</a> and their allies re-established themselves in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/383233PThe" class="place" long="23.3178" lat="38.3191">Thebes</a>. At that time <a href="/people/1123" target="_blank">Alcmene</a> died of old age and the <a href="/people/324" target="_blank">Heraclidae</a> performed her obsequies. They dwelled by the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/383233FEle" class="place" long="23.3201" lat="38.3175">Electran</a> Gate where <a href="/people/4" target="_blank">Heracles</a> led his public life. <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> sent <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a>, ordering him to steal <a href="/people/1123" target="_blank">Alcmene</a>'s body and to take her to the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/000000GEly" class="place" long="23.73603" lat="37.96393">Isles of the Blest</a> and give her as wife to <a href="/people/718" target="_blank">Rhadamanthys</a>. Obeying, <a href="/people/33" target="_blank">Hermes</a> stole away <a href="/people/1123" target="_blank">Alcmene</a> leaving a stone instead of her in the coffin. When the <a href="/people/324" target="_blank">Heraclidae</a> were carrying the casket, they found it to be very heavy. They put it on the ground and took off the lid. They found a stone instead of <a href="/people/1123" target="_blank">Alcmene</a>. They took this and set it up in the grove where now stands the heroon of <a href="/people/1123" target="_blank">Alcmene</a> in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/383233PThe" class="place" long="23.3178" lat="38.3191">Thebes</a>. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=34> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:34'><b>§ 34</b>  SMYRNA: On Mount <a about="https://topostext.org/place/339358LLib" class="place" long="35.765" lat="33.925">Lebanon</a> <a href="/people/20007" target="_blank">Thias</a> son of <a href="/people/575" target="_blank">Belus</a> and <a href="/people/2082" target="_blank">Orithyia</a>, one of the nymphs, had a daughter, <a href="/people/17743" target="_blank">Smyrna</a>, Because of her beauty many came from many a city as her suitors. She devised numerous tricks to deceive her parents and to put off the day of decision, because a dreadful lust, for her father, had driven her mad. At first she hid this fever through shame. But as her passion spurred her on, she told the whole story to her nurse <a href="/people/1735" target="_blank">Hippolyte</a> who promised to find her a remedy for this inordinate passion. She went to <a href="/people/20007" target="_blank">Thias</a> with the message that a girl of exalted parentage desired to lie with him, but secretly. <a href="/people/20007" target="_blank">Thias</a>, who had no idea what was being devised against him, welcomed the proposal. In the dark of the night he waited on his bed for the girl. Then the nurse led in Smyrna with her clothes swathed over her. For a long time this disgraceful and unlawful activity was carried on undiscovered. When Smyrna became pregnant, <a href="/people/20007" target="_blank">Thias</a> felt an urge to learn who the mother of his child was. He hid a light in his quarters and, when <a href="/people/17743" target="_blank">Smyrna</a> came to him, she was revealed as the light was suddenly brought out, Smyrna gave birth prematurely to her child and she raised up her arms and prayed that she might no more be seen among the living, nor among the dead. <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> changed her into a tree which was called the Smyrna after her name. It is said that each year the tree weeps tears from the wood as its fruit. <a href="/people/20007" target="_blank">Thias</a>, father of <a href="/people/17743" target="_blank">Smyrna</a>, did away with himself for this unlawful act. By desire of <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> the child was brought up and he was called <a href="/people/430" target="_blank">Adonis</a>. <a href="/people/15" target="_blank">Aphrodite</a> fell utterly in love with him because of his beauty. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=35> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:35'><b>§ 35</b>  THE HERDSMEN: <a href="/people/17573" target="_blank">Menecrates</a> from <a about="https://topostext.org/place/364293PXan" class="place" long="29.3182" lat="36.3565">Xanthus</a> tells this tale in his Lyciaca; also <a href="/people/14906" target="_blank">Nicander</a>. <a href="/people/127" target="_blank">Leto</a>, after giving birth to <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> and <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a> on the isle of <a href="/people/2083" target="_blank">Asteria</a>, went to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/365295RLyc" class="place" long="29.5" lat="36.5">Lycia</a>, taking her children with her, to the baths of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/364293PXan" class="place" long="29.3182" lat="36.3565">Xanthus</a>. As soon as she arrived in that land, she came first upon the spring of <a href="/people/1763" target="_blank">Melite</a> and wanted very much to bathe her children there before going on to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/364293PXan" class="place" long="29.3182" lat="36.3565">Xanthus</a>. But some herdsmen drove her away so that their own <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cattle</a> could drink at the spring. <a href="/people/127" target="_blank">Leto</a> made off and left <a href="/people/1763" target="_blank">Melite</a>. Wolves came out to meet her and, wagging their tails, led the way, guiding her to the River <a about="https://topostext.org/place/363293WXan" class="place" long="29.26349" lat="36.29414">Xanthus</a>. She drank the water and bathed the babes and consecrated the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/363293WXan" class="place" long="29.26349" lat="36.29414">Xanthus</a> to <a href="/people/2" target="_blank">Apollo</a> while the land which had been called Tremilis she renamed <a about="https://topostext.org/place/365295RLyc" class="place" long="29.5" lat="36.5">Lycia</a> [Wolf Land] from the <a href="/people/10952" target="_blank">wolves</a> that had guided her. Then she returned to the spring to inflict a penalty on the herdsmen who had driven her away. They were then still washing their <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cattle</a> besides the spring. <a href="/people/127" target="_blank">Leto</a> changed them all into <a href="/people/10983" target="_blank">frogs</a> whose backs and shoulders she scratched with a rough stone. Throwing them all into the spring she made them live in water. To this day they croak away by rivers and ponds. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=36> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:36'><b>§ 36</b>  PANDAREUS: When <a href="/people/243" target="_blank">Rhea</a>, fearing <a href="/people/43" target="_blank">Cronus</a>, hid <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> in the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/352252IKre" class="demonym" long="25.1836" lat="35.2052">Cretan</a> cavern, a <a href="/people/10956" target="_blank">goat</a> offered her udder and gave him nourishment. By the will of <a href="/people/243" target="_blank">Rhea</a> a golden <a href="/people/10953" target="_blank">dog</a> guarded the <a href="/people/10956" target="_blank">goat</a>. After <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> drove out the <a href="/people/206" target="_blank">Titans</a> and deprived <a href="/people/43" target="_blank">Cronus</a> of power, he changed the <a href="/people/10956" target="_blank">goat</a> into an immortal. There is a representation of her among the stars to this day. He ordered the golden <a href="/people/10953" target="_blank">dog</a> to guard this sacred spot in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/352252IKre" class="place" long="25.1836" lat="35.2052">Crete</a>. <a href="/people/2129" target="_blank">Pandareus</a> son of <a href="/people/19870" target="_blank">Merops</a> stole the <a href="/people/10953" target="_blank">dog</a> and carried it off to Mount <a about="https://topostext.org/place/386275LSip" class="place" long="27.456" lat="38.567">Sipylus</a>. He gave it to <a href="/people/383" target="_blank">Tantalus</a>, son of <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> and <a href="/people/45" target="_blank">Pluto</a>, to guard. After a time <a href="/people/2129" target="_blank">Pandareus</a> went to Mount <a about="https://topostext.org/place/386275LSip" class="place" long="27.456" lat="38.567">Sipylus</a> and asked for the <a href="/people/10953" target="_blank">dog</a>. <a href="/people/383" target="_blank">Tantalus</a> swore he had never received it. To punish him for the theft <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> turned <a href="/people/2129" target="_blank">Pandareus</a> into a rock where he stood. <a href="/people/383" target="_blank">Tantalus</a>, for going back on his oath, he struck down with a thunderbolt and set Mount <a about="https://topostext.org/place/386275LSip" class="place" long="27.456" lat="38.567">Sipylus</a> on top of his head. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=37> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:37'><b>§ 37</b>  THE DORIANS: After the capture of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/400262UIli" class="place" long="26.2389" lat="39.9575">Troy</a>, <a href="/people/124" target="_blank">Diomedes</a> arrived in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/376227PArg" class="place" long="22.72079" lat="37.63091">Argos</a> and denounced his wife <a href="/people/6141" target="_blank">Aegialia</a> for her behaviour when she was stirred by <a href="/people/15" target="_blank">Aphrodite</a>. He went to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384215UKal" class="place" long="21.533" lat="38.372">Calydon</a> in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/386215RAit" class="place" long="21.5" lat="38.6">Aitolia</a> where he made away with <a href="/people/13455" target="_blank">Agrius</a> and his sons. He handed over the rule of the place to his grandfather <a href="/people/10577" target="_blank">Oineus</a>. He then sailed for <a about="https://topostext.org/place/376227PArg" class="place" long="22.72079" lat="37.63091">Argos</a> but was swept into the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/408187WIon" class="place" long="18.7" lat="39.2">Ionian Sea</a> by a storm. When <a href="/people/19962" target="_blank">Daunius</a>, king of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/414155RDau" class="ethnic" long="15.5" lat="41.4">Daunians</a>, saw who it was that had arrived, he begged him for help in warring against the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/405188RMes" class="ethnic" long="18" lat="40.3">Messapians</a>, for a share of the land and marriage to his daughter. <a href="/people/124" target="_blank">Diomedes</a> agreed to the proposal, drew up his men and routed the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/405188RMes" class="ethnic" long="18" lat="40.3">Messapians</a>, He took his land which he assigned to the <a href="/people/18198" target="_blank">Dorians</a>, his followers. The daughter of <a href="/people/19962" target="_blank">Daunius</a> gave him two sons, <a href="/people/19983" target="_blank">Diomedes</a> and <a href="/people/12229" target="_blank">Amphinomus</a>. He died of old age in the lands of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/414155RDau" class="ethnic" long="15.5" lat="41.4">Daunians</a> and the <a href="/people/18198" target="_blank">Dorians</a> buried him with honours on the isle which they called <a about="https://topostext.org/place/424163IDio" class="place" long="16.2589" lat="42.3926">Diomedia</a> after him. They cultivated the lands that had been assigned to them adjoining those of the king. It brought them much produce because of their experience in farming. After the death of <a href="/people/19962" target="_blank">Daunius</a>, the barbarian <a about="https://topostext.org/place/405195RIll" class="ethnic" long="19.8" lat="40.8">Illyrians</a> coveted their lands and plotted against them. They appeared suddenly on the island and the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/405195RIll" class="ethnic" long="19.8" lat="40.8">Illyrians</a> slaughtered all the <a href="/people/18198" target="_blank">Dorians</a> as they were sacrificing victims. By the will of <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> the bodies of the Greeks disappeared and their souls were changed into birds. Even today when a ship of the Greeks is brought into harbour, these birds go up to them, but they flee from an <a about="https://topostext.org/place/405195RIll" class="demonym" long="19.8" lat="40.8">Illyrian</a> ship and all disappear from the island. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=38> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:38'><b>§ 38</b>  WOLF: <a href="/people/14906" target="_blank">Nicander</a> tells this tale in the first book of his Metamorphoses. <a href="/people/255" target="_blank">Aeacus</a>, son of <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> and of <a href="/people/2972" target="_blank">Aigina</a> daughter of <a href="/people/1545" target="_blank">Asopus</a>, had as sons <a href="/people/258" target="_blank">Telamon</a> and <a href="/people/109" target="_blank">Peleus</a> and a third, <a href="/people/14215" target="_blank">Phocus</a>, born of <a href="/people/16761" target="_blank">Psamathe</a>, daughter of <a href="/people/428" target="_blank">Nereus</a>. <a href="/people/255" target="_blank">Aeacus</a> was extremely fond of this third son because he was as handsome as he was good. <a href="/people/109" target="_blank">Peleus</a> and <a href="/people/258" target="_blank">Telamon</a> envied him and killed him in secret. For this <a href="/people/255" target="_blank">Aeacus</a> drove them away and they left the isle of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/378234PAig" class="place" long="23.425" lat="37.75">Aigina</a>. <a href="/people/258" target="_blank">Telamon</a> settled in the isle of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/379235PSal" class="place" long="23.5408" lat="37.952">Salamis</a> while <a href="/people/109" target="_blank">Peleus</a> went to <a href="/people/16718" target="_blank">Eurytion</a> son of <a href="/people/18702" target="_blank">Irus</a> and prayed for and received from him purification from the murder. Later, when hunting, he aimed at a <a href="/people/10951" target="_blank">boar</a> and unintentionally killed <a href="/people/16718" target="_blank">Eurytion</a>. Again a fugitive, he betook himself to <a href="/people/805" target="_blank">Acastus</a> whose wife's amorous behaviour led to his being marooned alone on Mount <a about="https://topostext.org/place/394230LPel" class="place" long="23.046" lat="39.437">Pelion</a>. In his wanderings he encountered <a href="/people/1086" target="_blank">Chiron</a> the <a href="/people/553" target="_blank">centaur</a>, sought his help and was received into his cave. Then <a href="/people/109" target="_blank">Peleus</a> brought together many <a href="/people/10954" target="_blank">sheep</a> and <a href="/people/10978" target="_blank">cattle</a> and led them to <a href="/people/18702" target="_blank">Irus</a> as blood money for the slaying of his son. <a href="/people/18702" target="_blank">Irus</a> would not accept this price so <a href="/people/109" target="_blank">Peleus</a> led them away and set them free in accordance with the oracle of the god. A <a href="/people/10952" target="_blank">wolf</a>, coming upon the animals unattended by herdsmen, ate them all. By divine will this <a href="/people/10952" target="_blank">wolf</a> was changed into a rock which stood for a long time between <a about="https://topostext.org/place/386231ROpu" class="place" long="23.04" lat="38.65">Locris</a> and the land of the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/386227RPho" class="ethnic" long="22.7" lat="38.6">Phocians</a>. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=39> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:39'><b>§ 39</b>  ARCEOPHON: <a href="/people/4864" target="_blank">Arceophon</a>, son of Minnyrides, of the town of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/352339PSal" class="place" long="33.9030525" lat="35.1799505">Salamis</a> in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/350330RCyp" class="place" long="33" lat="35">Cyprus</a>, did not come from a distinguished family (they were from <a about="https://topostext.org/place/335354RPho" class="place" long="35.4" lat="33.5">Phoenicia</a>) but they were pre-eminent in wealth and all kinds of prosperity. When he saw the daughter of <a href="/people/19880" target="_blank">Nicocreon</a>, king of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/352339PSal" class="place" long="33.9030525" lat="35.1799505">Salamis</a>, he fell in love with her. The family of <a href="/people/19880" target="_blank">Nicocreon</a> were descended from <a href="/people/361" target="_blank">Teucer</a> who had helped <a href="/people/47" target="_blank">Agamemnon</a> take <a about="https://topostext.org/place/400262UIli" class="place" long="26.2389" lat="39.9575">Troy</a>. Because of this <a href="/people/4864" target="_blank">Arceophon</a> desired a marriage with the girl all the more and he promised to bring many gifts, more than all the other suitors. <a href="/people/19880" target="_blank">Nicocreon</a> refused the proposal because the family of <a href="/people/4864" target="_blank">Arceophon</a> was shamefully ignoble, since his ancestors were <a about="https://topostext.org/place/335354RPho" class="ethnic" long="35.4" lat="33.5">Phoenicians</a>. <a href="/people/4864" target="_blank">Arceophon</a>, failing to win this marriage, went into a greater turmoil of love and every evening frequented the house of <a href="/people/19957" target="_blank">Arsinoe</a> and made a night-serenade in company with young men of his own age. Since this activity achieved nothing, he cajoled the girl's nurse to help him with an attempt to seduce her, sending many gifts. He wanted somehow to make love to her without her parents knowing. After the nurse had delivered this proposition, the girl denounced her to her parents. They cut off the tip of the nurse's tongue and her nose as well as her fingers. After this mutilation they pitilessly drove her out of the palace. This act enraged the goddess. <a href="/people/4864" target="_blank">Arceophon</a>, because of his utter distress at the way his marriage had been scorned, died voluntarily of starvation. His fellow citizens felt pity for his death and mourned him. On the third day his relatives brought out his body uncovered. While they were about to carry out the last rites, <a href="/people/19957" target="_blank">Arsinoe</a> felt an arrogant urge to lean her body out of the window to view the corpse of <a href="/people/4864" target="_blank">Arceophon</a> being cremated. As she cast glances at him, <a href="/people/15" target="_blank">Aphrodite</a>, loathing her character, changed her from her human form into a stone with her feet rooted into the ground. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=40> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:40'><b>§ 40</b>  BRITOMARTIS: <a href="/people/18083" target="_blank">Cassiepia</a>, daughter of <a href="/people/18106" target="_blank">Arabius</a>, and <a href="/people/1543" target="_blank">Phoenix</a>, son of <a href="/people/394" target="_blank">Agenor</a>, had a daughter <a href="/people/5326" target="_blank">Carme</a>. <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> made love to her and fathered <a href="/people/3123" target="_blank">Britomartis</a> who avoided the company of mankind and yearned to be a virgin for always. First she arrived in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/376227PArg" class="place" long="22.72079" lat="37.63091">Argos</a> from <a about="https://topostext.org/place/335354RPho" class="place" long="35.4" lat="33.5">Phoenicia</a>, entering into the company of the daughters of <a href="/people/18066" target="_blank">Erasinus</a>, <a href="/people/18114" target="_blank">Byze</a>, <a href="/people/1763" target="_blank">Melite</a>, <a href="/people/18124" target="_blank">Maera</a> and <a href="/people/12899" target="_blank">Anchirhoe</a>. Then she went from <a about="https://topostext.org/place/376227PArg" class="place" long="22.72079" lat="37.63091">Argos</a> to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/382206IKep" class="place" long="20.59" lat="38.2">Cephallenia</a>. The <a about="https://topostext.org/place/382206IKep" class="ethnic" long="20.59" lat="38.2">Cephallenians</a> gave her the name of <a href="/people/3197" target="_blank">Laphria</a> and made sacrifices to her as a god. Then she went to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/352252IKre" class="place" long="25.1836" lat="35.2052">Crete</a>. When <a href="/people/119" target="_blank">Minos</a> saw her he lusted after her and pursued her. She took refuge among some fishermen who hid her in their nets. Because of this the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/352252IKre" class="ethnic" long="25.1836" lat="35.2052">Cretans</a> called her <a href="/people/13784" target="_blank">Dictynna</a>, She of the Nets, and offered sacrifices to her. Having escaped from <a href="/people/119" target="_blank">Minos</a>, <a href="/people/3123" target="_blank">Britomartis</a> arrived at <a about="https://topostext.org/place/378234PAig" class="place" long="23.425" lat="37.75">Aegina</a> on a boat of the fisherman <a href="/people/8814" target="_blank">Andromedes</a>. But he lusted for her and laid hands on her. <a href="/people/3123" target="_blank">Britomartis</a> jumped off the boat and fled into a grove, the very spot where today there is a <a about="https://topostext.org/place/378235SAph" class="place" long="23.5331" lat="37.7543">sanctuary</a> of hers. She then disappeared from sight and they called her <a href="/people/12241" target="_blank">Aphaea</a>, the One Who Disappeared. The people of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/378234PAig" class="place" long="23.425" lat="37.75">Aegina</a> consecrated the spot in the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/378235SAph" class="place" long="23.5331" lat="37.7543">sanctuary</a> of <a href="/people/28" target="_blank">Artemis</a>. where <a href="/people/3123" target="_blank">Britomartis</a> disappeared, naming her <a href="/people/12241" target="_blank">Aphaea</a> and offering her sacrifices as to a god. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=41> <p id='urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0651.tlg002:41'><b>§ 41</b>  ALOPEX: <a href="/people/13640" target="_blank">Cephalus</a>, son of <a href="/people/3508" target="_blank">Deion</a>, married at <a about="https://topostext.org/place/377241DTho" class="place" long="24.0516" lat="37.7392">Thoricus</a> in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/379239RAtt" class="place" long="23.9" lat="37.9">Attica</a> <a href="/people/1460" target="_blank">Procris</a>, daughter of <a href="/people/298" target="_blank">Erechtheus</a>. <a href="/people/13640" target="_blank">Cephalus</a> was a handsome and brave youth and the goddess of <a href="/people/683" target="_blank">Dawn</a> fell in love with him because of his beauty. She kidnapped him, keeping him at home as a lover. ... And then <a href="/people/13640" target="_blank">Cephalus</a> put <a href="/people/1460" target="_blank">Procris</a> to a test to see if she was inclined to remain faithful to him. He pretended that he was going out hunting and sent in to <a href="/people/1460" target="_blank">Procris</a> one of his servants who was not known to her, with a great deal of gold. He was instructed to say that a foreign gentleman had fallen in love with her and offered her this gold if she would have intercourse with him. At first <a href="/people/1460" target="_blank">Procris</a> refused the gold but when the man sent double the quantity, she agreed and accepted the proposition. When <a href="/people/13640" target="_blank">Cephalus</a> saw her approaching the house in order to lie with the foreigner, he brought out a flaming torch and discovered her. In her shame <a href="/people/1460" target="_blank">Procris</a> forsook <a href="/people/13640" target="_blank">Cephalus</a> and went off as a fugitive to <a href="/people/119" target="_blank">Minos</a> the king of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/352252IKre" class="place" long="25.1836" lat="35.2052">Crete</a>. She found on arrival that he was afflicted by childlessness and promised a cure, showing him how to beget children. Now <a href="/people/119" target="_blank">Minos</a> would ejaculate <a href="/people/55" target="_blank">snakes</a>, scorpions and millipedes, killing the women with whom he had intercourse. But his wife <a href="/people/930" target="_blank">Pasiphae</a>, daughter of the <a href="/people/180" target="_blank">Sun</a>, was immortal. <a href="/people/1460" target="_blank">Procris</a> accordingly devised the following to make <a href="/people/119" target="_blank">Minos</a> fertile. She inserted the bladder of a <a href="/people/10956" target="_blank">goat</a> into a woman and <a href="/people/119" target="_blank">Minos</a> first emitted the <a href="/people/55" target="_blank">snakes</a> into the bladder; then he went over to <a href="/people/930" target="_blank">Pasiphae</a> and entered her. And when children were born to them, <a href="/people/119" target="_blank">Minos</a> gave <a href="/people/1460" target="_blank">Procris</a> his spear and his <a href="/people/10953" target="_blank">dog</a>. No animal could escape these two and they always reached their target. Accepting them, <a href="/people/1460" target="_blank">Procris</a> went to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/377241DTho" class="place" long="24.0516" lat="37.7392">Thoricus</a> in <a about="https://topostext.org/place/379239RAtt" class="place" long="23.9" lat="37.9">Attica</a>, where <a href="/people/13640" target="_blank">Cephalus</a> lived, and became a hunter with him. She had altered her clothes and had cut her hair as a man; no one who saw her recognized her. When <a href="/people/13640" target="_blank">Cephalus</a> saw that he never caught anything when hunting, while everything went the way of <a href="/people/1460" target="_blank">Procris</a>, he yearned to have that spear for himself. <a href="/people/1460" target="_blank">Procris</a> promised to give him the <a href="/people/10953" target="_blank">dog</a> as well, if he would agree to enjoy her youthful charms. <a href="/people/13640" target="_blank">Cephalus</a> accepted the proposition and when they lay down together, <a href="/people/1460" target="_blank">Procris</a> revealed who she was and reproached him for having committed something far more disgraceful. But <a href="/people/13640" target="_blank">Cephalus</a> acquired the <a href="/people/10953" target="_blank">dog</a> and the spear. <a href="/people/495" target="_blank">Amphitryon</a>, who needed the <a href="/people/10953" target="_blank">dog</a>, went to <a href="/people/13640" target="_blank">Cephalus</a> and asked him if he would be willing to join him, with the <a href="/people/10953" target="_blank">dog</a>, in going after the <a href="/people/17547" target="_blank">Fox</a>. He promised to hand over to him a share of the booty which he would take from the <a href="/people/6003" target="_blank">Teleboeans</a>. For at that time there had appeared in the land of the people of <a href="/people/83" target="_blank">Cadmus</a>, a <a href="/people/17547" target="_blank">fox</a> that was a monstrous creature. It would regularly issue out of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/384234UTeu" class="place" long="23.393" lat="38.3633">Teumessus</a> snatching up <a about="https://topostext.org/place/383233PThe" class="ethnic" long="23.3178" lat="38.3191">Cadmeans</a>. Every thirty days they would put out a child for it and the <a href="/people/17547" target="_blank">Fox</a> would take it and eat it up. <a href="/people/495" target="_blank">Amphitryon</a> had asked <a href="/people/282" target="_blank">Creon</a> and the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/383233PThe" class="ethnic" long="23.3178" lat="38.3191">Cadmeans</a> to help in making war against the <a href="/people/6003" target="_blank">Teleboeans</a>. They refused unless he helped them do away with the <a href="/people/17547" target="_blank">Fox</a>. <a href="/people/495" target="_blank">Amphitryon</a> accepted these conditions from the <a about="https://topostext.org/place/383233PThe" class="ethnic" long="23.3178" lat="38.3191">Cadmeans</a> and went to <a href="/people/13640" target="_blank">Cephalus</a> and told him about the agreement and urged him to go to <a about="https://topostext.org/place/383233PThe" class="place" long="23.3178" lat="38.3191">Thebes</a> with the <a href="/people/10953" target="_blank">dog</a>. <a href="/people/13640" target="_blank">Cephalus</a> accepted the proposal and set out to hunt the <a href="/people/17547" target="_blank">Fox</a>. But it had been ordained that the <a href="/people/17547" target="_blank">Fox</a> could not be taken by any hunter, and that nothing should escape that <a href="/people/10953" target="_blank">dog</a> when it went hunting. <a href="/people/1" target="_blank">Zeus</a> saw them when they reached the Plain of <a about="https://topostext.org/place/383233PThe" class="place" long="23.3178" lat="38.3191">Thebes</a> and turned them both into stones. </p> </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 <a href='https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE' target='_blank'>GR</a> </div> <div class="pSelector" id=E> END </div> <div class="text-right bottommargin-sm"> Event Date: -1000 </div> </div> </div> </section>  <footer id="footer" style="background-color: #002D40;"> <div class="container">  </div>  <div id="copyrights" class="bgcolor"> <div class="container clearfix"> <div class="row justify-content-between align-items-center"> <div class="col-md-6"> ToposText Web Version 3.0<br> <div class="copyright-links"> Copyrights © 2019 All Rights Reserved. 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L.tileLayer('https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', { maxZoom: 18, attribution: 'Map data © <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/">OpenStreetMap</a> contributors, ' + '<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/">CC-BY-SA</a>, ' + 'Imagery © <a href="https://www.mapbox.com/">Mapbox</a>', id: 'mapbox.streets' }).addTo(mymap); function PoIstile(feature, latlng) { switch(feature.properties["icon"]) { case "polis.png": var polisIcon = new L.icon({ iconUrl: 'https://topostext.org/images/icons/polis.png', iconSize: [30, 30], // size of the icon }); return L.marker(latlng, {icon: polisIcon}); case "sanctuary.png": var sanctuaryIcon = new L.icon({ iconUrl: 'https://topostext.org/images/icons/sanctuary.png', iconSize: [30, 30], // size of the icon }); return L.marker(latlng, {icon: sanctuaryIcon}); case "settlement.png": var settlementIcon = new L.icon({ iconUrl: 'https://topostext.org/images/icons/settlement.png', iconSize: [30, 30], // size of the icon }); return L.marker(latlng, {icon: settlementIcon}); 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case "tower.png": var towerIcon = new L.icon({ iconUrl: 'https://topostext.org/images/icons/tower.png', iconSize: [30, 30], // size of the icon }); return L.marker(latlng, {icon: towerIcon}); case "tumb.png": var tumbIcon = new L.icon({ iconUrl: 'https://topostext.org/images/icons/tumb.png', iconSize: [30, 30], // size of the icon }); return L.marker(latlng, {icon: tumbIcon}); case "villa.png": var villaIcon = new L.icon({ iconUrl: 'https://topostext.org/images/icons/villa.png', iconSize: [30, 30], // size of the icon }); return L.marker(latlng, {icon: villaIcon}); } }; var markers = L.markerClusterGroup(); $.getJSON('https://topostext.org/api/place/geojsonwork.php?work_id=216', function (geojson) { var geoJsonLayer = L.geoJson(geojson, { pointToLayer: PoIstile, onEachFeature: function (feature, layer) { layer.bindPopup('<p><b>Name:</b> '+feature.properties.concat1+'<br /> <b>Hits:</b> '+feature.properties.hits+'<br /><b>Category:</b> '+feature.properties.featureTypes+'<br /><b>Description:</b> '+feature.properties.description+'<br /> <a href="https://topostext.org/place/'+feature.properties.placeID+'"><b>View Place</b></a></p>'); } }); markers.addLayer(geoJsonLayer); mymap.addLayer(markers); }); </script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function($) { var elementParent = $('.floating-contact-wrap'); $('.floating-contact-btn').off('click').on('click', function() { elementParent.toggleClass('active', ); }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // var cdnScript = document.createElement('script'); // cdnScript.setAttribute('src', 'https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js'); // document.head.appendChild(cdnScript); // const axios = require('axios') const secondTab = document.getElementById("p_list"); function getParagraphsNum() { var test = "asasas216"; var parUrl = 'https://topostext.org/api/paragraph/readweb.php?workID=216'; let pLocations = ""; $.ajax({ url: parUrl, type: "POST", data: $(this).serialize(), success: function (res) { //console.log(typeof res); pLocations = res.map(par => par.location); // //console.log(pLocations); for (var i = 0; i < pLocations.length; i++) { let listItem = document.createElement("li"); 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