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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chidambaram_temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chidambaram_temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Chidambaram temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chidambaram_temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_utility_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_utility_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education and utility services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_utility_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipal_administration_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_administration_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Municipal administration and politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_administration_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Chidambaram" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chidambaram" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chidambaram" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="چیدامبارام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چیدامبارام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chidambaram" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Chidambaram" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="चिदम्बरम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चिदम्बरम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE" title="চিদাম্বরম – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="চিদাম্বরম" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chidambaram" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Chidambaram" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ചിദംബരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചിദംബരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Chidambaram" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="चिदन्बरम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिदन्बरम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="चिदाम्बरम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चिदाम्बरम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86idambaram" title="Ćidambaram – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ćidambaram" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Чидамбарам – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чидамбарам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chidambaram" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chidambaram" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="சிதம்பரம் (நகரம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிதம்பரம் (நகரம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="చిదంబరం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చిదంబరం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Чідамбарам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чідамбарам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85" title="چدمبرم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چدمبرم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chidambaram" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%99%BB%E4%BC%AF%E5%8B%92%E5%A7%86" title="吉登伯勒姆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="吉登伯勒姆" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chidambaram&params=11.407000_N_79.691200_E_type:city(115913)_region:IN-TN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°24′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°41′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.407000°N 79.691200°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.407000; 79.691200</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Tamil Nadu</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Tamil Nadu, India. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Chidambaram_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Chidambaram (disambiguation)">Chidambaram (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Tamil Nadu, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Chidambaram</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Town</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chidambaram_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chidambaram Nataraja Temple"><img alt="Chidambaram Nataraja Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Chidambaram_Temple.jpg/250px-Chidambaram_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Chidambaram_Temple.jpg/375px-Chidambaram_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Chidambaram_Temple.jpg/500px-Chidambaram_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2633" data-file-height="3479" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Temple City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Tamil_Nadu_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chidambaram is located in Tamil Nadu"><img alt="Chidambaram is located in Tamil Nadu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/India_Tamil_Nadu_location_map.svg/250px-India_Tamil_Nadu_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/India_Tamil_Nadu_location_map.svg/375px-India_Tamil_Nadu_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/India_Tamil_Nadu_location_map.svg/500px-India_Tamil_Nadu_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1591" data-file-height="1975" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.04%;left:75.796%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chidambaram"><img alt="Chidambaram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Chidambaram</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Tamil Nadu</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_location_map_3.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Chidambaram is located in India"><img alt="Chidambaram is located in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/India_location_map_3.png/250px-India_location_map_3.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/India_location_map_3.png/375px-India_location_map_3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/India_location_map_3.png/500px-India_location_map_3.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1077" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:80.286%;left:39.66%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chidambaram"><img alt="Chidambaram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Chidambaram</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Chidambaram (India)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of India</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chidambaram&params=11.407000_N_79.691200_E_type:city(115913)_region:IN-TN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°24′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°41′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.407000°N 79.691200°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.407000; 79.691200</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of India">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cuddalore_district" title="Cuddalore district">Cuddalore</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chola_Nadu" title="Chola Nadu">Chola Nadu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Selective Grade Municipality</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Chidambaram Municipality</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">31 m (102 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">115,913</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Chidambaran</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Languages<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">608001</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telephone code</th><td class="infobox-data">+91-4144</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>TN-91</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://Cuddalore.tn.nic.in">http://Cuddalore.tn.nic.in</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chidambaram</b> is a major town and <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cuddalore_district" title="Cuddalore district">Cuddalore district</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian state">Indian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Vellar_River_(Northern_Tamil_Nadu)" title="Vellar River (Northern Tamil Nadu)">Vellar River</a> where it meets the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>. It is the headquarters of the Chidambaram <a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">taluk</a>. The town is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled, at different times, by the <a href="/wiki/Pallavas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallavas">Pallavas</a> until ninth century, <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Cholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Cholas">Medieval Cholas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Later_Cholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Later Cholas">Later Cholas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandya_dynasty#Second_Pandya_Empire_(13th_and_14th_centuries)" title="Pandya dynasty">Later Pandyas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagar_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijayanagar Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur_Nayak_kingdom" title="Thanjavur Nayak kingdom">Thanjavur Nayakas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur_Maratha_kingdom" title="Thanjavur Maratha kingdom">Marathas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British</a>. The town is known for the <a href="/wiki/Nataraja_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram">Thillai Nataraja Temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thillai_Kali_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Thillai Kali Temple, Chidambaram">Thillai Kali Temple</a>, and the annual <a href="/wiki/Temple_car" title="Temple car">chariot</a> festival held in the months of December–January (In the Tamil month of Marghazhi known as "Margazhi Urchavam") and June to July (In the Tamil month of Aani known as "Aani Thirumanjanam"). One of the Divya Desams <a href="/wiki/Govindaraja_Perumal_Temple" title="Govindaraja Perumal Temple">Divya Sri Govindaraja Perumal Temple (Thiruchitrakoodam)</a> is a part of Thillai Nataraja Temple complex. <a href="/wiki/Tiruvetkalam_Pasupatheswarar_Temple" title="Tiruvetkalam Pasupatheswarar Temple">Thiruvetkalam Shiva Temple, Vadakiruppu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sivapuri_Uchinathar_Temple" title="Sivapuri Uchinathar Temple">Thirunelvayil Shiva Temple, Sivapuri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tirukkazhippalai_Palvannanathar_Temple" title="Tirukkazhippalai Palvannanathar Temple">Tirukkazhippalai Palvannanathar Temple</a> are the other three ancient Shiva temples in the region. </p><p>Chidambaram covers an area of 25.5 km<sup>2</sup> (9.8 sq mi) and had a population of 1,15,913 as of 2011. It is administered by a <a href="/wiki/Local_administration_in_Tamil_Nadu#Urban_Local_Bodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Local administration in Tamil Nadu">Selective grade municipality</a>. Tertiary sector involving tourism is the major occupation. Roadways are the major means of transportation with a total of 64.12 km (39.84 mi) of district roads including one national highway passing through the town. As of 2011, there were eleven government schools: six primary schools, three middle schools and two higher secondary schools in Chidambaram. <a href="/wiki/Annamalai_University" title="Annamalai University">Annamalai University</a>, established in 1929 in Chidambaram, is one of the oldest and most prominent universities in the state. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_legend">Etymology and legend</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and legend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chidambaram is one of the many temple towns in the state which is named after the groves, clusters or forests dominated by a particular variety of a tree or shrub and the same variety of tree or shrub sheltering the presiding deity.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional name of the temple complex, Chidambaram Thillai Nataraja-koothan Kovil. The mangrove forests of Thillai trees (<i><a href="/wiki/Excoecaria_agallocha" title="Excoecaria agallocha">Excoecaria agallocha</a></i>) were abundant in the town once. The temple and the town were once in the midst of Thillai trees. The Thillai trees of the nearby <a href="/wiki/Pichavaram" title="Pichavaram">Pichavaram</a> wetlands, the second largest mangrove forest in the world, extends to the temple area. The shrine is venerated as <i>Thillai ambalam</i> literally meaning the open stage of Thillai.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of the town of this shrine, chit ambara means 'ether of consciousness' or 'atmosphere of wisdom' in the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> Language.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This composite word comes from its association with Nataraja (Shiva), the cosmic dancer and the cultural atmosphere for arts.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Hindu legend, in the Thillai forests resided a group of sages who believed in the supremacy of magic — that the gods could be controlled by rituals and <i>mantras</i>. <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, hearing this, assumed the form of <a href="/wiki/Bhikshatana" title="Bhikshatana">Bhikshatana</a>, a simple mendicant seeking alms, and went walking in Thillai. He was followed by his consort, <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> as <a href="/wiki/Mohini" title="Mohini">Mohini</a>. The sages and their wives were enchanted by the beauty of the pair. On seeing their womenfolk enchanted, the angry sages performed a ritual to create serpents (<i><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81ga" title="Nāga">nāga</a></i>). Shiva lifted the serpents and donned them as ornaments on his matted locks, neck and waist. Further enraged, the sages invoked a fierce tiger, whose skin was used by Shiva as a shawl around his waist. Then followed a fierce elephant, which was ripped to death and devoured by Shiva (an episode depicted in the <a href="/wiki/Gajasurasamhara" title="Gajasurasamhara">Gajasurasamhara</a>). The sages gathered all their spiritual strength and invoked the powerful demon Muyalakan — a symbol of complete arrogance and ignorance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Shiva smiled gently, stepped on the demon's back to immobilise him, and performed the <i>Ánanda Thandavam</i> (the dance of eternal bliss), thus disclosing his true form. The sages surrendered, realizing that rituals cannot control the gods.<sup id="cite_ref-Anand_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anand-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sacred_Tank_and_Pagoda_at_Chillambaran,_India,_c_1870.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sacred_Tank_and_Pagoda_at_Chillambaran%2C_India%2C_c_1870.jpg/200px-Sacred_Tank_and_Pagoda_at_Chillambaran%2C_India%2C_c_1870.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sacred_Tank_and_Pagoda_at_Chillambaran%2C_India%2C_c_1870.jpg/300px-Sacred_Tank_and_Pagoda_at_Chillambaran%2C_India%2C_c_1870.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sacred_Tank_and_Pagoda_at_Chillambaran%2C_India%2C_c_1870.jpg/400px-Sacred_Tank_and_Pagoda_at_Chillambaran%2C_India%2C_c_1870.jpg 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption>An image of the temple and the tank in 1870</figcaption></figure> <p>There is reference to the temple or the town in <a href="/wiki/Sangam_literature" title="Sangam literature">Sangam literature</a> of the first to fifth centuries and the earliest mention is found in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_literature" title="Tamil literature">Tamil literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kulke_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kulke-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temple and the deity were immortalized in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> poetry in the works of <i><a href="/wiki/Thevaram" title="Thevaram">Thevaram</a></i> by three poet-saints belonging to the seventh century - <a href="/wiki/Thirugnana_Sambanthar" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirugnana Sambanthar">Thirugnana Sambanthar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thirunavukkarasar" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirunavukkarasar">Thirunavukkarasar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sundaramoorthy_Nayanar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundaramoorthy Nayanar">Sundaramoorthy Nayanar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thirugnana Sambanthar has composed two songs in praise of the temple, Thirunavukkarasar aka Appar eight songs in praise of Nataraja and Sundarar one song in praise of Nataraja. Sundarar commences his <i>Thiruthondar Thogai</i> (the sacred list of Lord Shiva's 63 devotees) paying his respects to the priests of the Thillai temple - "To the devotees of the priests at Thillai, I am a devotee". The works of the first three saints, the <i>Thirumurai</i> were stored in palm leaf manuscripts in the temple and were recovered by the Chola King <a href="/wiki/Rajaraja_Chola" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajaraja Chola">Rajaraja Chola</a><sup id="cite_ref-Soundara_Rajan_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soundara_Rajan-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the guidance of Nambiandarnambi. <a href="/wiki/Manikkavasagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Manikkavasagar">Manikkavasagar</a>, the tenth century <i>saivite</i> poet has written two works, the first called <i><a href="/wiki/Tiruvasakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruvasakam">Thiruvasakam</a></i> (The sacred utterances) which largely has been sung in Chidambaram and the <i>Thiruchitrambalakkovaiyar</i> (aka <i>Thirukovaiyar</i>), which has been sung entirely in the temple. Manikkavasagar is said to have attained spiritual bliss at Chidambaram. The Chidambaram Mahatmiyam composed during the 12th century provides the subsequent evolution and Sanskritization of cults.<sup id="cite_ref-Kulke_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kulke-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several inscriptions available in the temple and referring to the Chidambaram temple in neighbouring areas. Most inscriptions available pertain to the periods of Cholas - <a href="/wiki/Rajaraja_Chola" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajaraja Chola">Rajaraja Chola</a> I (985-1014 CE), <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Chola" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajendra Chola">Rajendra Chola</a> I (1012-1044 CE), <a href="/wiki/Kulothunga_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulothunga Chola I">Kulothunga Chola</a> I (1070-1120 CE), <a href="/wiki/Vikrama_Chola" title="Vikrama Chola">Vikrama Chola</a> (1118-1135 CE), <a href="/wiki/Rajadhiraja_Chola_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajadhiraja Chola II">Rajadhiraja Chola II</a> (1163 -1178 CE), <a href="/wiki/Kulothunga_Chola_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulothunga Chola III">Kulothunga Chola III</a> (1178-1218 CE) and <a href="/wiki/Rajaraja_Chola_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajaraja Chola III">Rajaraja Chola III</a> (1216-1256 CE). Pandya inscriptions date from Thribhuvana Chakravarthi Veerapandiyan, <a href="/wiki/Jatavarman_Sundara_Pandyan_I" title="Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I">Jataavarman Thribhuvana Chakravarthi Sundarapaandiyan</a> (1251-1268 CE) and Maaravarman Thribhuvana Chakravarthi Veerakeralanaagiya Kulashekara Pandiyan (1268-1308 CE). Pallava inscriptions are available for king Avani Aala Pirandhaan Ko-perum-Singha (1216-1242 CE). Vijayanagara Kings mentioned in inscriptions are Veeraprathapa Kiruttina Theva Mahaaraayar (1509-1529 CE), Veeraprathaapa Venkata Deva Mahaaraayar, Sri Ranga Theva Mahaaraayar, Atchyutha Deva Mahaaraayar (1529-1542 CE) and Veera Bhooopathiraayar. One of the inscriptions from the descendant of Cheramaan Perumal Nayanar, Ramavarma Maharaja has been found.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastri_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastri-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the north of India, the Indian subcontinent was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a>. Muslim armies began raiding central India for plunder by the late 13th century. After subduing and extracting huge wealth along with promised annual tributes from the Marathas <a href="/wiki/Yadavas_of_Devagiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Yadavas of Devagiri">Yadavas of Devagiri</a> in 1308, the Telugu <a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakatiya Dynasty">Kakatiyas of Warangal</a> in 1310 and the Kannada <a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysalas of Dwarasamudra</a> in 1311, Sultan Ala ud Din Khalji's infamous eunuch Muslim general, <a href="/wiki/Malik_Kafur" title="Malik Kafur">Malik Kafur</a>, and his <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> forces in 1311 went deeper into the Deccan peninsula for loot and to establish annual tributes to be paid by the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_king" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu king">Hindu kings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melton2014p884_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melton2014p884-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bayly1989p109_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bayly1989p109-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The records left by the court historians of the Delhi Sultanate state that Malik Kafur raided Chidambaram, <a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srirangam" title="Srirangam">Srirangam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vriddhachalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Vriddhachalam">Vriddhachalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a> and other sacred temple towns, destroyed the temples which were sources of gold and jewels. He brought back enormous loot from Dwarasamudra and the Pandya kingdom to <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> in 1311.<sup id="cite_ref-Ernst2004p109_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ernst2004p109-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eraly2015chid_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eraly2015chid-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pichavarm_Mangrove_Eastern_Great_Egret.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pichavarm_Mangrove_Eastern_Great_Egret.jpg/200px-Pichavarm_Mangrove_Eastern_Great_Egret.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pichavarm_Mangrove_Eastern_Great_Egret.jpg/300px-Pichavarm_Mangrove_Eastern_Great_Egret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pichavarm_Mangrove_Eastern_Great_Egret.jpg/400px-Pichavarm_Mangrove_Eastern_Great_Egret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="2128" /></a><figcaption>A set of Mangroove forests that are common in Chidambaram and Pichavaram</figcaption></figure> <p>Chidambaram is located at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chidambaram&params=11.39_N_79.69_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°23′N</span> <span class="longitude">79°41′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.39°N 79.69°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.39; 79.69</span></span></span></a></span></span>. The town is located in Cuddalore district of the South Indian state, Tamil Nadu, 215 km (134 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>. Chidambaram is located close to the shores of <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>. The topography is almost plain with forests around the town, with no major geological formation. There are no notable mineral resources available in and around the town. The soil types are alluvial and red that are conducive for crops like <a href="/wiki/Paddy_field" title="Paddy field">paddy</a>, pulses and <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>. The temperature ranges from a maximum of 32.7 °C (90.9 °F) to a minimum of 24 °C (75 °F). Like the rest of the state, April to June are the hottest months and December to January are the coldest. Chidambaram receives an average of 10 mm (0.39 in) annually, which is lesser than the state average of 1,008 mm (39.7 in). The South west monsoon, with an onset in June and lasting up to August, brings scanty rainfall. Bulk of the rainfall is received during the North East monsoon in the months of October, November and December. The average number of rainy days ranges from 35 to 40 every year.<sup id="cite_ref-gen_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gen-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urbaninfra5_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbaninfra5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCC33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8844; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8844; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB33; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(0.5) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(0.6) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68<br />(2.7) </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">133<br />(5.2) </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">113<br />(4.4) </td> <td style="background: #0000A7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">230<br />(9.1) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">337<br />(13.3) </td> <td style="background: #0000D5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">199<br />(7.8) </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,248<br />(49.2) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Climate-Data.org<sup id="cite_ref-Climate-Data.org_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate-Data.org-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notheme barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religious census</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent(%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Orange; width:89.73%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">89.73%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:8.22%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.22%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:1.18%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.18%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:0.02%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.02%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Gold; width:0.01%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.01%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jain</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:0.43%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.43%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:0.39%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.39%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:violet; width:0.02%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.02%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chidambaram_houses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chidambaram_houses.jpg/200px-Chidambaram_houses.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chidambaram_houses.jpg/300px-Chidambaram_houses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chidambaram_houses.jpg/400px-Chidambaram_houses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A house in Chidambaram</figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census</a>, Chidambaram had a population of 62,153 with a sex-ratio of 1,032 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<sup id="cite_ref-dashboard_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dashboard-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 5,869 were under the age of six, constituting 2,990 males and 2,879 females. <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes</a> accounted for 6.81% and .09% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the city was 83.24%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<sup id="cite_ref-dashboard_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dashboard-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city had a total of 15,166 households. There were a total of 22,194 workers, comprising 241 cultivators, 180 main agricultural labourers, 489 in household industries, 16,110 other workers, 5,174 marginal workers, 83 marginal cultivators, 213 marginal agricultural labourers, 401 marginal workers in household industries and 4,477 other marginal workers.<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2001, the town covered an area of 480 hectares (4.8 km<sup>2</sup>). Out of the total area, 88 per cent of the land constituting 432 hectares (4.32 km<sup>2</sup>) is marked developed and the remaining area is used for agriculture and remains under water. <a href="/wiki/Residential_area" title="Residential area">Residential areas</a> make up 55 per cent (265.75 hectares (2.6575 km<sup>2</sup>)) of the town's total area while commercial enterprises and industrial units make up 5 per cent (23.62 hectares (0.2362 km<sup>2</sup>)) and 1 per cent (3.63 hectares (0.0363 km<sup>2</sup>)) respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-urbaninfra12_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbaninfra12-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2008, there 31 notified slums having 3,954 houses in Chidambaram and a total of 17,102 people constituting 30 per cent of the total population lived in them. The municipality maintains the water supply and garbage collection of all these slums.<sup id="cite_ref-urbaninfra26_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbaninfra26-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2001, nearly 5,000 people constituting 10 per cent of the population were <a href="/wiki/Below_Poverty_Line_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Below Poverty Line (India)">below the poverty line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As per the religious census of 2011, Chidambaram had 89.73% <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, 8.22% <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, 1.18% <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, 0.02% <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a>, 0.01% <a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a>, 0.43% <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jains</a>, 0.39% following other religions and 0.02% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<sup id="cite_ref-religion2011_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religion2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chidambaram_temple">Chidambaram temple</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chidambaram temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chidambaram_Nataraja_temple_fresco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Chidambaram_Nataraja_temple_fresco.jpg/150px-Chidambaram_Nataraja_temple_fresco.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Chidambaram_Nataraja_temple_fresco.jpg/225px-Chidambaram_Nataraja_temple_fresco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Chidambaram_Nataraja_temple_fresco.jpg/300px-Chidambaram_Nataraja_temple_fresco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>A fresco of Nataraja on the walls of the temple depicting the dance posture of the presiding deity</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nataraja_Temple_gopuram_artwork_in_Chidambaram,_Tamil_Nadu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Nataraja_Temple_gopuram_artwork_in_Chidambaram%2C_Tamil_Nadu.jpg/220px-Nataraja_Temple_gopuram_artwork_in_Chidambaram%2C_Tamil_Nadu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Nataraja_Temple_gopuram_artwork_in_Chidambaram%2C_Tamil_Nadu.jpg/330px-Nataraja_Temple_gopuram_artwork_in_Chidambaram%2C_Tamil_Nadu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Nataraja_Temple_gopuram_artwork_in_Chidambaram%2C_Tamil_Nadu.jpg/440px-Nataraja_Temple_gopuram_artwork_in_Chidambaram%2C_Tamil_Nadu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2181" data-file-height="1450" /></a><figcaption>Nataraja Temple gopuram artwork in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nataraja_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram">Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram</a></div> <p>The temple complex is spread over an area of 40 acres (160,000 m<sup>2</sup>) in the heart of the city. The main complex is dedicated to Shiva <a href="/wiki/Nataraja" title="Nataraja">Nataraja</a> and the complex contains shrines to deities such as Shivakami Amman, <a href="/wiki/Ganesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganesh">Ganesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murugan" class="mw-redirect" title="Murugan">Murugan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> in the form Govindaraja Perumal. The temple's earliest structures were designed and erected by ancient craftsmen called Perunthakkan. The golden tiled roof for the <i>Chitrambalam</i> (the vimanam) was laid by the Chola King <a href="/wiki/Parantaka_I" title="Parantaka I">Parantaka I</a> (907-950 CE)<sup id="cite_ref-Soundara_Rajan_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soundara_Rajan-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following which he was given the title "Thillaiyambalathhukku porkoorai veiyntha thevan", meaning the one who constructed the golden roof. Kings <a href="/wiki/Rajaraja_Chola" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajaraja Chola">Rajaraja Chola</a> I (reign 985-1014 CE) and <a href="/wiki/Kulothunga_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulothunga Chola I">Kulothunga Chola I</a> (1070-1120 CE) made significant donations to the temple. Gold and riches to the temple were donated by Rajaraja Chola's daughter <a href="/wiki/Kundavai" title="Kundavai">Kundavai</a> II while Chola king <a href="/wiki/Vikrama_Chola" title="Vikrama Chola">Vikrama Chola</a> (1118-1135 CE) made donations for the conduct of the daily rituals. Donations of gold and jewels have been made by various kings, rulers and patrons to the temple from 9th to 16th century<sup id="cite_ref-Soundara_Rajan_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soundara_Rajan-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> —including the Maharaja of <a href="/wiki/Pudukottai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudukottai">Pudukottai</a>, Sethupathy (the emerald jewel still adorns the deity). Naralokaviran, the General of the king <a href="/wiki/Kulothunga_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulothunga Chola I">Kulothunga Chola I</a> was responsible for building a shrine for child saint Thirugnana Sambanthar and installed a metal image inside it. He constructed a hall for the recitation of <i>Thevaram</i> hymns and engraved the hymns in copper plates.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tourism forms the economic base of Chidambaram. There are household industries like weaving is present within town limits, otherwise, there are no major industries in the town. As of 2001, the worker population constituted 18,249 people amounting to 31.6 per cent of the total population. Out of the total workforce, 16,059 constituting 88 per cent people were employed in the tertiary sector, 1,277 people constituting 7 per cent were involved in the secondary sector and 912 people constituting 5 per cent were involved in primary sector activities. The primary sector consists of local and regional marketing, with <a href="/wiki/Rice#Harvesting.2C_drying_and_milling" title="Rice">paddy</a> being the primary traded product, followed by cereals, black gram, pulses, sugarcane and gingelly. The secondary sector activities consist of household activities and cane furniture manufacturing. The tertiary sector activities are the tourism-related activities centred on the Thillai Natarajar temple. The town has a floating population of around 100,000 every year being mainly religious tourists. Annamalai University, located in the outskirts of the town is also another major industrial driver. The town is a centre for trading for the surrounding villages, housing provisional stores, food grain stores, vegetable shops, hotels, markets and fertilizer shops.<sup id="cite_ref-urbaninfra1012_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbaninfra1012-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_utility_services">Education and utility services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Education and utility services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Administrative_Building,_Annamalai_University_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/The_Administrative_Building%2C_Annamalai_University_01.JPG/200px-The_Administrative_Building%2C_Annamalai_University_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/The_Administrative_Building%2C_Annamalai_University_01.JPG/300px-The_Administrative_Building%2C_Annamalai_University_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/The_Administrative_Building%2C_Annamalai_University_01.JPG/400px-The_Administrative_Building%2C_Annamalai_University_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Annamalai University, established in 1929, is one of the oldest universities in the state</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2011, there were eleven government schools: six primary schools, three middle schools and two higher secondary schools in Chidambram. There were nine other private schools within the town.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chidambaram is home to the <a href="/wiki/Annamalai_University" title="Annamalai University">Annamalai University</a>. Annamalai University is a public university located in Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. <a href="/wiki/Rajah_Muthiah_Medical_College" title="Rajah Muthiah Medical College">Rajah Muthiah Medical College</a>, Rajah Muthiah Dental College, Muthiah Polytechnic College, Government Arts College, Ragavendra Arts and science college, C.S. Jain College of Pharmacy and Perunthalaivar Kamaraj Institute of Maritime and Science Engineering College(pkimsec) are some of the prominent colleges in the town. </p><p>Electricity supply to Chidambaram is regulated and distributed by the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Electricity_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Nadu Electricity Board">Tamil Nadu Electricity Board</a> (TNEB). The town along with its suburbs forms the Cuddalore Electricity Distribution Circle. A Chief Distribution engineer is stationed at the regional headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Water supply is provided by the Chidambaram Municipality from the two mini power pumps, borewells and Deep borwell located in various parts of the town. In the period 2000–2001, a total of 7.5 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As per the municipal data for 2011, about 31 metric tonnes of solid waste were collected from Chidambaram every day by door-to-door collection and subsequently the source segregation and dumping was carried out by the sanitary department of the Chidambaram municipality. The coverage of solid waste management in the town by the municipality had an efficiency of 100% as of 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no underground drainage system in the town and the sewerage system for disposal of sullage is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences. The municipality maintained a total of 23.372 km (14.523 mi) of storm water drains in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2011, there was one government hospital namely Kamaraj Government Hospital, one municipal maternity home and 17 private hospitals and clinics that take care of the health care needs of the citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2011, the municipality maintained a total of 1,856 street lamps: 339 sodium lamps, 1,500 tube lights and 17 high mast beam lamps.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urbaninfra24_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbaninfra24-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The municipality operates four markets, namely the Daily Market West Car street, Gnanaprakasam market, North Main road fish market and Omakulam fish market that cater to the needs of the town and the rural areas around it.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natraja_temple_car.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Natraja_temple_car.jpg/150px-Natraja_temple_car.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Natraja_temple_car.jpg/225px-Natraja_temple_car.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Natraja_temple_car.jpg/300px-Natraja_temple_car.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ratha" title="Ratha">Ratha</a> festival during 2011</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE.JPG/200px-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE.JPG/300px-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE.JPG/400px-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1832" /></a><figcaption>Natyanjali Festival in the temple</figcaption></figure> <p>The festivals in Chidambaram are centred on the festivals of the temple. The Marghazhi Thiruvaadhirai festival celebrated in December–January indicates the first puja, the fourteenth day after the new moon (<a href="/wiki/Chaturdashi" title="Chaturdashi">Chaturdashi</a>) of the month of Masi (February–March) indicates the second pooja, the Chittirai Thiruvonam (in April–May), indicates the third pooja or uchikalam, the Uthiram of Aani (June–July) also called the Aani Thirumanjanam indicates the evening or the fourth puja, the chaturdasi of Aavani (August–September) indicates the fifth puja and the chaturdasi of the month of Puratasi (October–November) indicates the sixth pooja or Arthajama. Of these, the Marghazhi Thiruvaadhirai (in December–January) and the Aani Thirumanjanam (in June–July) are the most important festivals. During these festivals, the festive deity is brought outside the sanctum sanctorum in a procession that includes a temple car procession followed by a long anointing ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-Let's_Go,_Inc_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Let's_Go,_Inc-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several hundreds of thousands of people flock the temple to see the anointing ceremony and the ritualistic dance of Shiva when he is taken back to the sanctum sanctorum. Shiva, in his incarnation of Nataraja, is believed to have born on full moon day in the constellation of <i>Ardra</i>, the sixth lunar mansion. Lord Shiva is bathed only 6 times a year, and on the previous night of <i>Ardra</i>, the bath rituals are performed on a grand scale. Pots full of milk, pomegranate juices, coconut water, ghee, oil, sandal paste, curds, holy ashes, and other liquids and solids, considered as a sacred offering to the deity are used for the sacred ablution.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastri_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastri-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Natyanjali is a prominent festival celebrated during February every year when <a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">bharatanatyam</a> dancers from all over the country converge to present dance offering to Nataraja.<sup id="cite_ref-Let's_Go,_Inc_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Let's_Go,_Inc-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appayya_Dikshitar" class="mw-redirect" title="Appayya Dikshitar">Appayya Dikshitar</a> (1520-1593), <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> Priest</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venki Ramakrishnan</a> (b. 1952), <a href="/wiki/Structural_biologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural biologist">structural biologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winner, born in Chidambaram.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Municipal_administration_and_politics">Municipal administration and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Municipal administration and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chidambaram is administered by a selective-grade municipality formed as third-grade municipality in 1873, upgraded to a second-grade in 1949, first-grade in 1974 and a selection-grade in 1998. The municipality covers an area of 11.16 km<sup>2</sup> (4.31 sq mi) and also the <a href="/wiki/Taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Taluk">taluk</a> headquarters. The Chidambaram municipality has 33 wards and there is an elected councillor for each of those wards.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology (IT). All these departments are under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the executive head.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislative powers are vested in a body of 33 members, one each from the 33 wards.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislative body is headed by an elected chairperson assisted by a deputy chairperson.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chidambaram comes under the <a href="/wiki/Chidambaram_(State_Assembly_Constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chidambaram (State Assembly Constituency)">Chidambaram assembly</a> constituency and it elects a member to the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly">Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly</a> once every five years.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 1977 elections, <a href="/wiki/ADMK" class="mw-redirect" title="ADMK">All India Anna Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam</a> (AIADMK) won the assembly seat four times (in 1980, 1984, 2006 and 2016 elections), three times by <a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a> (DMK, 1977, 1989 and 2001 elections) and once each by <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a> (CPI(M), 2011 election), <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> (INC, 1991 elections) and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Maanila_Congress" title="Tamil Maanila Congress">Tamil Maanila Congress</a> (TMC, 1996).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current MLA of the constituency is K. A. Pandiyan (AIADMK).<sup id="cite_ref-MLA_of_Chidambaram_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLA_of_Chidambaram-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Law and order in the town is maintained by the Chidambaram sub division of the Cuddalore district of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Police" title="Tamil Nadu Police">Tamil Nadu Police</a> headed by a Deputy Superintendent. There is one police station in the town located in West Car street.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chidambaram municipality maintains 64.12 km (39.84 mi) of road. The town has 8.44 km (5.24 mi) concrete roads and 48.69 km (30.25 mi) bituminous road. A total of 5 km (3.1 mi) of state highways is maintained by the State Highways Department and 6 km (3.7 mi) by the National Highways Department. It is located at a distance of 223 km (139 mi) from Chennai, 335 km (208 mi) from Madurai, 375 km (233 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a>, 340 km (210 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>. The national highway NH- 32 (the <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>- <a href="/wiki/Villupuram" class="mw-redirect" title="Villupuram">Villupuram</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Puducherry</a>-<a href="/wiki/Cuddalore" title="Cuddalore">Cuddalore</a>-Chidambaram-<a href="/wiki/Nagapattinam" title="Nagapattinam">Nagapattinam</a>- <a href="/wiki/Thoothukudi" title="Thoothukudi">Thoothukudi</a> Highway) passes through Chidambaram and <a href="/wiki/NH_81" class="mw-redirect" title="NH 81">NH81</a> connects Chidambaram with Coimbatore through <a href="/wiki/Kattumannarkoil" title="Kattumannarkoil">Kattumannarkoil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli">Tiruchirapalli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karur" title="Karur">Karur</a>. The Cuddalore road, Pitchavaram Road, Sirkazhi Road, Kattumanarkoil road and Old Bhuvanagiri road are the five main district roads connecting Chidambaram to other cities of Tamil Nadu.<sup id="cite_ref-urbaninfra23_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbaninfra23-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Minibus service operated by private companies cater to the local transport needs. The main bus stand is located in the heart of the town and has 46 bus bays.<sup id="cite_ref-urbaninfra24_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbaninfra24-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_State_Transport_Corporation" title="Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation">Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation</a> operates daily services connecting various cities such as <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palani" title="Palani">Palani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Tamil_Nadu" title="Salem, Tamil Nadu">Salem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tindivanam" title="Tindivanam">Tindivanam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kallakkurichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kallakkurichi">Kallakkurichi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiruvannamalai" title="Tiruvannamalai">Tiruvannamalai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velankanni" title="Velankanni">Velankanni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiruppur" title="Tiruppur">Tiruppur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trichy" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichy">Trichy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perambalur" title="Perambalur">Perambalur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karaikudi" title="Karaikudi">Karaikudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sivaganga" title="Sivaganga">Sivagangai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramakudi" title="Paramakudi">Paramakudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sayalgudi" title="Sayalgudi">Sayalkudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mudukulathur" title="Mudukulathur">Mudukulathoor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panruti" title="Panruti">Panruti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vriddhachalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Vriddhachalam">Vriddhachalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erode" title="Erode">Erode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mettur" title="Mettur">Mettur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Puducherry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viluppuram" title="Viluppuram">Viluppuram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirupathur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupathur">Tirupathur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neyveli" title="Neyveli">Neyveli</a><sup id="cite_ref-transport_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transport-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Chidambaram.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/State_Express_Transport_Corporation_(Tamil_Nadu)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Express Transport Corporation (Tamil Nadu)">State Express Transport Corporation</a> operates long-distance buses connecting the town to important cities like <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trichy" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichy">Trichy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Tamil_Nadu" title="Salem, Tamil Nadu">Salem</a>, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Nagercoil. Three wheelers, called <a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">autos</a>, are also a common public transport system.<sup id="cite_ref-urbaninfra23_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbaninfra23-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram_railway_station" title="Chidambaram railway station">Chidambaram railway station</a> is located in the rail line from <a href="/wiki/Mayiladuthurai" title="Mayiladuthurai">Mayiladuthurai</a> to <a href="/wiki/Viluppuram_Junction_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Viluppuram Junction railway station">Viluppuram</a>. There are daily express trains to <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirupathi_Devastanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupathi Devastanam">Tirupathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuddalore" title="Cuddalore">Cuddalore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manamadurai" title="Manamadurai">Manamadurai</a>. There are passenger trains to <a href="/wiki/Mayiladuthurai" title="Mayiladuthurai">Mayiladuthurai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuddalore" title="Cuddalore">Cuddalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villupuram" class="mw-redirect" title="Villupuram">Villupuram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagore" title="Nagore">Nagore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-transport_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transport-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pondicherry Airport(PNY) is the nearest airport located around 66 kilometres north of Chidambaram. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram">Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govindaraja_Perumal_Temple" title="Govindaraja Perumal Temple">Divya Sri Govindaraja Perumal Temple (Thiruchitrakoodam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thillai_Kali_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Thillai Kali Temple, Chidambaram">Thillai Kali Temple, Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruvetkalam_Pasupatheswarar_Temple" title="Tiruvetkalam Pasupatheswarar Temple">Thiruvetkalam Shiva Temple, Vadakiruppu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivapuri_Uchinathar_Temple" title="Sivapuri Uchinathar Temple">Thirunelvayil Shiva Temple, Sivapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirukkazhippalai_Palvannanathar_Temple" title="Tirukkazhippalai Palvannanathar Temple">Tirukkazhippalai Palvannanathar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annamalai_University" title="Annamalai University">Annamalai University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pichavaram" title="Pichavaram">Pichavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaranatha_Soorappa_Chozhanar" title="Chidambaranatha Soorappa Chozhanar">Chidambaranatha Soorappa Chozhanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parangipettai" title="Parangipettai">Port Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeramudayanatham" title="Veeramudayanatham">Veeramudayanatham</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_a"><b><a href="#ref_a">^</a></b></span> The municipalities in Tamil Nadu are graded special, selection, grade I and grade II based on income and population.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-tamilnadu.php">"Tamil Nadu (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308193757/http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-tamilnadu.php">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tamil+Nadu+%28India%29%3A+Districts%2C+Cities%2C+Towns+and+Outgrowth+Wards+-+Population+Statistics+in+Maps+and+Charts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fphp%2Findia-tamilnadu.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Reddy">Reddy, 2013</a>, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaoDasgupta1971" class="citation book cs1">Rao, T. A. Gopinatha; Dasgupta, Kalyan Kumar (1971). <i>Elements of Hindu iconography, Volume 1, Part 1</i>. p. 43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elements+of+Hindu+iconography%2C+Volume+1%2C+Part+1&rft.pages=43&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=T.+A.+Gopinatha&rft.au=Dasgupta%2C+Kalyan+Kumar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=chidambaram#:~:text=Chidambaram%20Family%20History-,Chidambaram%20Name%20Meaning,as%20lord%20of%20the%20dance">https://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=chidambaram#:~:text=Chidambaram%20Family%20History-,Chidambaram%20Name%20Meaning,as%20lord%20of%20the%20dance</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=chidambaram#:~:text=Chidambaram%20Family%20History-,Chidambaram%20Name%20Meaning,as%20lord%20of%20the%20dance">https://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=chidambaram#:~:text=Chidambaram%20Family%20History-,Chidambaram%20Name%20Meaning,as%20lord%20of%20the%20dance</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anand-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anand_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Anand">Anand 2004</a>, p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kulke-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kulke_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kulke_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kulke">Kulke 2004</a>, p. 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Jones">Jones 2007</a>, p. 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soundara_Rajan-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Soundara_Rajan_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soundara_Rajan_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soundara_Rajan_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Soundara">Soundara Rajan 2001</a>, pp. 263-264</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sastri-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sastri_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sastri_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Sastri">Sastri 2003</a>, pp. 2-9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichell1995">Michell 1995</a>, pp. 9-10, Quote: "The era under consideration opens with an unprecedented calamity for Southern India: the invasion of the region at the turn of the fourteenth century by Malik Kafur, general of Alauddin, Sultan of Delhi. Malik Kafur's forces brought to an abrupt end all of the indigenous ruling houses of Southern India, not one of which was able to withstand the assault or outlive the conquest. Virtually every city of importance in the Kannada, Telugu and Tamil lands succumbed to the raids of Malik Kafur and later Muslim invasions; forts were destroyed, palaces dismantled and temple sanctuaries wrecked in the search for treasure. In order to consolidate the rapidly won gains of this pillage, the Delhi Sultanate established the province of Ma'bar in 1323 with the capital at Madurai (Madura) in the southernmost part of the Tamil zone, former capital of the Pandyas who were dislodged by the Delhi forces. Madurai thereupon became the capital of the Ma'bar (Malabar) province of the Delhi empire."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melton2014p884-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Melton2014p884_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Gordon_Melton2014" class="citation book cs1">J. Gordon Melton (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bI9_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA884"><i>Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 Volumes]: 5,000 Years of Religious History</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 884. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-026-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-026-3"><bdi>978-1-61069-026-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faiths+Across+Time%3A+5%2C000+Years+of+Religious+History+%26%2391%3B4+Volumes%26%2393%3B%3A+5%2C000+Years+of+Religious+History&rft.pages=884&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-026-3&rft.au=J.+Gordon+Melton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbI9_AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bayly1989p109-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bayly1989p109_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusan_Bayly1989" class="citation book cs1">Susan Bayly (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fxqtx8SflEsC"><i>Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society, 1700-1900</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 109–110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89103-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89103-5"><bdi>978-0-521-89103-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saints%2C+Goddesses+and+Kings%3A+Muslims+and+Christians+in+South+Indian+Society%2C+1700-1900&rft.pages=109-110&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89103-5&rft.au=Susan+Bayly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFxqtx8SflEsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ernst2004p109-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ernst2004p109_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarl_W._Ernst2004" class="citation book cs1">Carl W. Ernst (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9bNAAQAAIAAJ"><i>Eternal Garden: Mysticism, History, and Politics at a South Asian Sufi Center</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-566869-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-566869-8"><bdi>978-0-19-566869-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eternal+Garden%3A+Mysticism%2C+History%2C+and+Politics+at+a+South+Asian+Sufi+Center&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-566869-8&rft.au=Carl+W.+Ernst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9bNAAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarojini_Chaturvedi2006" class="citation book cs1">Sarojini Chaturvedi (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qXcwAQAAIAAJ"><i>A short history of South India</i></a>. Saṁskṛiti. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-87374-37-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-87374-37-4"><bdi>978-81-87374-37-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+short+history+of+South+India&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Sa%E1%B9%81sk%E1%B9%9Biti&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-87374-37-4&rft.au=Sarojini+Chaturvedi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqXcwAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eraly2015chid-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eraly2015chid_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbraham_Eraly2015" class="citation book cs1">Abraham Eraly (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vyEoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT155"><i>The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate</i></a>. Penguin Books. pp. 155–156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5118-658-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5118-658-8"><bdi>978-93-5118-658-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Wrath%3A+A+History+of+the+Delhi+Sultanate&rft.pages=155-156&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-93-5118-658-8&rft.au=Abraham+Eraly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvyEoAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gen-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gen_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131201021456/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/chidambaram/abcity_city.htm">"About the town"</a>. Chidambaram Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://municipality.tn.gov.in/chidambaram/abcity_city.htm">the original</a> on 1 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+town&rft.pub=Chidambaram+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmunicipality.tn.gov.in%2Fchidambaram%2Fabcity_city.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urbaninfra5-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urbaninfra5_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#urban">Urban Infrastructure Report 2008</a>, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Climate-Data.org-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Climate-Data.org_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"CLIMATE: CHIDAMBARAM, Tamil Nadu", Climate-Data.org. Web: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://en.climate-data.org/location/52335/">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703040242/https://en.climate-data.org/location/52335/">Archived</a> 3 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dashboard-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dashboard_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dashboard_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html">"Census Info 2011 Final population totals"</a>. Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113144743/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Info+2011+Final+population+totals&rft.pub=Office+of+The+Registrar+General+and+Census+Commissioner%2C+Ministry+of+Home+Affairs%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fcensusinfodashboard%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011census-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2011census_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=691705">"Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Chidambaram"</a>. Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145158/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=691705">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Info+2011+Final+population+totals+-+Chidambaram&rft.pub=Office+of+The+Registrar+General+and+Census+Commissioner%2C+Ministry+of+Home+Affairs%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2Fpca%2FSearchDetails.aspx%3FId%3D691705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urbaninfra12-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urbaninfra12_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#urban">Urban Infrastructure Report 2008</a>, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urbaninfra26-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urbaninfra26_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#urban">Urban Infrastructure Report 2008</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://municipality.tn.gov.in/chidambaram/pdf/bpl_cdm.pdf">"Below poverty line"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Chidambaram Municipality. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+By+Religious+Community+-+Tamil+Nadu&rft.pub=Office+of+The+Registrar+General+and+Census+Commissioner%2C+Ministry+of+Home+Affairs%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FC-01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Dehejia">Dehejia 1990</a>, p. 101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urbaninfra1012-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urbaninfra1012_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#urban">Urban Infrastructure Report 2008</a>, pp. 10-12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130907175616/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/chidambaram/srv_edu.htm">"Educational Institutions"</a>. Chidambaram municipality. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://municipality.tn.gov.in/chidambaram/srv_edu.htm">the original</a> on 7 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Important+Address&rft.pub=Indian+Wind+Power+Association&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.windpro.org%2Fpdf%2FMISC%2FTNEB%2520Address.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130907175643/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/chidambaram/sal_watersupply.htm">"Water Supply Details"</a>. Chidambaram Municipality. 2011. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+Supply+Details&rft.pub=Chidambaram+Municipality&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmunicipality.tn.gov.in%2Fchidambaram%2Fsal_watersupply.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130907175620/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/chidambaram/sal_solidwastemanagement.htm">"Waste management programme"</a>. Chidambaram Municipality. 2011. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Waste+management+programme&rft.pub=Chidambaram+Municipality&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmunicipality.tn.gov.in%2Fchidambaram%2Fsal_solidwastemanagement.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130907175645/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/chidambaram/sal_stromwaterdrainage.htm">"Storm water drains of Chidambaram"</a>. Chidambaram municipality. 2011. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chidambaram+hospitals&rft.pub=Chidambaram+municipality%2C+Government+of+Tamil+Nadu&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmunicipality.tn.gov.in%2Fchidambaram%2Fsrv_hospitals.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130907175704/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/chidambaram/sal_streetlight.htm">"Chidambaram street lights"</a>. Chidambaram Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chidambaram+street+lights&rft.pub=Chidambaram+Municipality%2C+Government+of+Tamil+Nadu&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmunicipality.tn.gov.in%2Fchidambaram%2Fsal_streetlight.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urbaninfra24-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-urbaninfra24_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-urbaninfra24_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#urban">Urban Infrastructure Report 2008</a>, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130907175646/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/chidambaram/sal_markets.htm">"Chidambaram markets"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Economic+and+political+weekly%2C+Volume+30&rft.pages=2396&rft.date=1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epw.in%2Fepw-archive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm">"List of Assembly Constituencies"</a>. <i>Tamil Nadu</i>. Tamil Nadu state government. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm">the original</a> on 14 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tamil+Nadu&rft.atitle=List+of+Assembly+Constituencies&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assembly.tn.gov.in%2FConst_map%2Fmap.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp68.htm">"Partywise Comparison Since 1977"</a>. Election Commission of India. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610212241/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp68.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Partywise+Comparison+Since+1977&rft.pub=Election+Commission+of+India&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feci.nic.in%2Feci_main%2Felectionanalysis%2FAE%2FS22%2Fpartycomp68.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MLA_of_Chidambaram-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MLA_of_Chidambaram_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131006234417/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/constnamewise.htm">"MLA of Chidambaram"</a>. Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/constnamewise.htm">the original</a> on 6 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MLA+of+Chidambaram&rft.pub=Government+of+Tamil+Nadu&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assembly.tn.gov.in%2Fmembers%2Fconstnamewise.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130907174708/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/chidambaram/srv_police.htm">"Chidambaram Police"</a>. Chidambaram municipality. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://municipality.tn.gov.in/chidambaram/srv_police.htm">the original</a> on 7 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chidambaram+Police&rft.pub=Chidambaram+municipality&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmunicipality.tn.gov.in%2Fchidambaram%2Fsrv_police.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011141826/http://tnpolice.gov.in/District_Details.php?code=29578">"Karur subdivision police"</a>. Tamil Nadu Police. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tnpolice.gov.in/District_Details.php?code=29578">the original</a> on 11 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karur+subdivision+police&rft.pub=Tamil+Nadu+Police&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tnpolice.gov.in%2FDistrict_Details.php%3Fcode%3D29578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urbaninfra23-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-urbaninfra23_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-urbaninfra23_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#urban">Urban Infrastructure Report 2008</a>, p. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-transport-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-transport_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-transport_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://municipality.tn.gov.in/Chidambaram/ser_Bus%20routes.htm">"Chidambaram bus routes"</a>. Chidambaram municipality. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chidambaram+bus+routes&rft.pub=Chidambaram+municipality&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmunicipality.tn.gov.in%2FChidambaram%2Fser_Bus%2520routes.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130327113121/http://www.tnstc.in/counter_address.html">"S.E.T.C. Tamil Nadu Ltd., Computer reservation centres"</a>. Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tnstc.in/counter_address.html">the original</a> on 27 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S.E.T.C.+Tamil+Nadu+Ltd.%2C+Computer+reservation+centres&rft.pub=Tamil+Nadu+State+Transport+Corporation+Ltd.&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tnstc.in%2Fcounter_address.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Anand" class="citation book cs1">Anand, Swami P.; Swami Parmeshwaranand (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HQvbJDacNDMC"><i>Encyclopedia of the Śaivism</i></a>. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HQvbJDacNDMC/page/n155">149</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7625-427-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-7625-427-4"><bdi>81-7625-427-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719230327/https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HQvbJDacNDMC">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2020</span>. <q>ananda tandava.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+%C5%9Aaivism&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Sarup+%26+Sons&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=81-7625-427-4&rft.aulast=Anand&rft.aufirst=Swami+P.&rft.au=Swami+Parmeshwaranand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_HQvbJDacNDMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Bajwa" class="citation book cs1">Bajwa, Jagir Singh; Ravinder Kaur (2007). <i>Tourism Management</i>. New Delhi: S.B. Nangia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-313-0047-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-313-0047-3"><bdi>978-81-313-0047-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tourism+Management&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=S.B.+Nangia&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-313-0047-3&rft.aulast=Bajwa&rft.aufirst=Jagir+Singh&rft.au=Ravinder+Kaur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Dehejia" class="citation book cs1">Dehejia, Vidya (1990). <i>Art of the imperial Cholas</i>. USA: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-07188-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-07188-4"><bdi>0-231-07188-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+of+the+imperial+Cholas&rft.place=USA&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-231-07188-4&rft.aulast=Dehejia&rft.aufirst=Vidya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Kamala" class="citation book cs1">Kamalabaskaran, Iswari (1994). <i>The light of Arunachaleswarar</i>. Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+light+of+Arunachaleswarar&rft.pub=Affiliated+East-West+Press+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Kamalabaskaran&rft.aufirst=Iswari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Knapp" class="citation book cs1">Knapp, Stephen (2005). <i>The Heart of Hinduism: The Eastern Path to Freedom, Empowerment and Illumination</i>. NE: iUniverse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-595-35075-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-595-35075-9"><bdi>978-0-595-35075-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Heart+of+Hinduism%3A+The+Eastern+Path+to+Freedom%2C+Empowerment+and+Illumination&rft.place=NE&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-595-35075-9&rft.aulast=Knapp&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Kulke" class="citation book cs1">Kulke, Hermann; Dietmar Rothermund (2004). <i>A History of India</i>. Oxon: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-32920-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-32920-5"><bdi>0-415-32920-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.place=Oxon&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-415-32920-5&rft.aulast=Kulke&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rft.au=Dietmar+Rothermund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="let" class="citation book cs1">Let's Go, Inc (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/letsgoindianepal00lets"><i>Let's go: India & Nepal, 2004</i></a></span>. New York: Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-32006-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-32006-X"><bdi>0-312-32006-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Let%27s+go%3A+India+%26+Nepal%2C+2004&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-312-32006-X&rft.au=Let%27s+Go%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fletsgoindianepal00lets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="M.K.V" class="citation book cs1">M.K.V., Narayan (2007). <i>Flipside of Hindu Symbolism: Sociological and Scientific Linkages in Hinduism</i>. California: Fultus Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59682-117-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59682-117-0"><bdi>978-1-59682-117-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flipside+of+Hindu+Symbolism%3A+Sociological+and+Scientific+Linkages+in+Hinduism&rft.place=California&rft.pub=Fultus+Corporation&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59682-117-0&rft.aulast=M.K.V.&rft.aufirst=Narayan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Ramaswamy" class="citation book cs1">Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). <i>Historical dictionary of the Tamils</i>. United States: Scarecrow Press, INC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-82958-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-82958-5"><bdi>978-0-470-82958-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+the+Tamils&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press%2C+INC.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-470-82958-5&rft.aulast=Ramaswamy&rft.aufirst=Vijaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reddy" class="citation book cs1">Reddy, G.Venkatramana (2013). <i>Alayam - The Hindu temple - An epitome of Hindu Culture</i>. Mylapore, Chennai: Sri Ramakrishna Math. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7823-542-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7823-542-4"><bdi>978-81-7823-542-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alayam+-+The+Hindu+temple+-+An+epitome+of+Hindu+Culture&rft.place=Mylapore%2C+Chennai&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Sri+Ramakrishna+Math&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-81-7823-542-4&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=G.Venkatramana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Sastri" class="citation book cs1">Sastri, Natesa; S. M. Natesa Sastri (2003). <i>Hindu feasts, fasts and ceremonies</i>. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-206-0402-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-206-0402-4"><bdi>81-206-0402-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+feasts%2C+fasts+and+ceremonies&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=81-206-0402-4&rft.aulast=Sastri&rft.aufirst=Natesa&rft.au=S.+M.+Natesa+Sastri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Soundara" class="citation book cs1">Soundara Rajan, Kodayanallur Vanamamalai (2001). <i>Concise classified dictionary of Hinduism By Kodayanallur Vanamamalai Soundara Rajan</i>. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7022-857-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-7022-857-3"><bdi>81-7022-857-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+classified+dictionary+of+Hinduism+By+Kodayanallur+Vanamamalai+Soundara+Rajan&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=81-7022-857-3&rft.aulast=Soundara+Rajan&rft.aufirst=Kodayanallur+Vanamamalai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Spear" class="citation book cs1">Spear, Heidi (2011). <i>The Everything Guide to Chakra Healing: Use Your Body's Subtle Energies to promote Health, Healing and Happiness</i>. USA: Adams Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4405-2649-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4405-2649-7"><bdi>978-1-4405-2649-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Everything+Guide+to+Chakra+Healing%3A+Use+Your+Body%27s+Subtle+Energies+to+promote+Health%2C+Healing+and+Happiness&rft.place=USA&rft.pub=Adams+Media&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4405-2649-7&rft.aulast=Spear&rft.aufirst=Heidi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="urban" class="citation report cs1">Urban Infrastructure report (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tnuifsl.com/documents/ccpbp/Chidambaram.pdf">Conversion of City Corporate Plan into Business Plan</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610202449/http://tnuifsl.com/documents/ccpbp/Chidambaram.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Conversion+of+City+Corporate+Plan+into+Business+Plan&rft.pub=Tamil+Nadu+Urban+Infrastructure+Financial+Services+Limited&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Urban+Infrastructure+report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftnuifsl.com%2Fdocuments%2Fccpbp%2FChidambaram.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chidambaram" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Chidambaram" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tamilnadutourism.org/">"Enchanting Tamil Nadu" see Places --> Chidambaram</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Chidambaram"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chidambaram">"Chidambaram" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chidambaram&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=132&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChidambaram" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Cuddalore_district" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuddalore district"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuddalore_district" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cuddalore_district" title="Cuddalore district">Cuddalore district</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taluks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhuvanagiri_taluk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhuvanagiri taluk (page does not exist)">Bhuvanagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram_taluk" title="Chidambaram taluk">Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuddalore_taluk" title="Cuddalore taluk">Cuddalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattumannarkoil_taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kattumannarkoil taluk">Kattumannarkoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panruti_taluk" title="Panruti taluk">Panruti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Srimushnam_taluk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Srimushnam taluk (page does not exist)">Srimushnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittakudi_taluk" title="Tittakudi taluk">Tittakudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurinjipadi_taluk" title="Kurinjipadi taluk">Kurinjipadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veppur_taluk" title="Veppur taluk">Veppur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vriddachalam_taluk" title="Vriddachalam taluk">Vriddachalam</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuddalore_district.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cuddalore_district.jpg/120px-Cuddalore_district.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cuddalore_district.jpg/180px-Cuddalore_district.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Cuddalore_district.jpg 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Revenue_block" title="Revenue block">Revenue blocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annagramam_block" title="Annagramam block">Annagramam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhuvanagiri_block" title="Bhuvanagiri block">Bhuvanagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuddalore_block" title="Cuddalore block">Cuddalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammapuram_block" title="Kammapuram block">Kammapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattumannarkoil_block" title="Kattumannarkoil block">Kattumannarkoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keerapalayam_block" title="Keerapalayam block">Keerapalayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komaratchi_block" title="Komaratchi block">Komaratchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurinjipadi_block" title="Kurinjipadi block">Kurinjipadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalur_block" title="Mangalur block">Mangalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nallur_block" title="Nallur block">Nallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panruti_block" title="Panruti block">Panruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parangipettai_block" title="Parangipettai block">Parangipettai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vriddhachalam_block" title="Vriddhachalam block">Vriddhachalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Revenue_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenue division">Revenue divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram_division" title="Chidambaram division">Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuddalore_division" title="Cuddalore division">Cuddalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vriddachalam_division" title="Vriddachalam division">Vriddachalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation">Municipal Corporations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuddalore" title="Cuddalore">Cuddalore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellikuppam" title="Nellikuppam">Nellikuppam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panruti" title="Panruti">Panruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virudhachalam" title="Virudhachalam">Virudhachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadalur" title="Vadalur">Vadalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittakudi" title="Tittakudi">Tittakudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies of <br />water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kollidam_River" title="Kollidam River">Kollidam River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perumal_Eri" title="Perumal Eri">Perumal Eri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnaiyar_River" title="Ponnaiyar River">Ponnaiyar River</a>(South Pennar River)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeranam_Lake" title="Veeranam Lake">Veeranam Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellar_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Vellar River">Vellar River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Lake" title="Wellington Lake">Wellington Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sangam_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangam period">Sangam period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalabhra_dynasty" title="Kalabhra dynasty">Kalabhras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallava Dynasty">Pallavas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Cholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Cholas">Medieval Cholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Cholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Later Cholas">Later Cholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandyan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandyan Dynasty">Later Pandyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai_Sultanate" title="Madurai Sultanate">Madurai Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagar Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayaks_of_Gingee" title="Nayaks of Gingee">Nayaks of Gingee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_the_Carnatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawab of the Carnatic">Nawab of the Carnatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Arcot_District_(Madras_Presidency)" title="South Arcot District (Madras Presidency)">Company Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Arcot_District_(Madras_Presidency)" title="South Arcot District (Madras Presidency)">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cuddalore" title="Siege of Cuddalore">Siege of Cuddalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cuddalore_(1783)" title="Battle of Cuddalore (1783)">Battle of Cuddalore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Chidambaram Temple">Chidambaram Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Beach_(India)" title="Silver Beach (India)">Silver Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_St._David" title="Fort St. David">Fort St David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyveli_Lignite_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Neyveli Lignite Corporation">Neyveli Lignite Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pataleeswarar_Temple,_Cuddalore" title="Pataleeswarar Temple, Cuddalore">Pataleeswarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pichavaram" title="Pichavaram">Pichavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagnana_Sabha,_Vadalur" title="Satyagnana Sabha, Vadalur">Satyagnana Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thillai_Kali_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Thillai Kali Temple, Chidambaram">Thillai Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvadigai_Temple,_Panruti" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruvadigai Temple, Panruti">Thiruvadigai Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvanthipuram_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruvanthipuram temple">Thiruvanthipuram Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vriddhagiriswarar_Temple,_Vriddhachalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Vriddhagiriswarar Temple, Vriddhachalam">Vriddhagiriswarar Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annamalai_University" title="Annamalai University">Annamalai University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Corporations_and_Municipalities_of_Tamil_Nadu" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Template:Municipalities of Tamil Nadu"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Template talk:Municipalities of Tamil Nadu"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities of Tamil Nadu"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Corporations_and_Municipalities_of_Tamil_Nadu" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Corporations and Municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipal_corporations_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="List of municipal corporations in Tamil Nadu">Corporations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avadi_Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Avadi Municipal Corporation">Avadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Chennai_Corporation" title="Greater Chennai Corporation">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimbatore_Municipal_Corporation" title="Coimbatore Municipal Corporation">Coimbatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuddalore_Municipal_corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuddalore Municipal corporation">Cuddalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dindigul_Municipal_Corporation" title="Dindigul Municipal Corporation">Dindigul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erode_Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Erode Municipal Corporation">Erode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosur_Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hosur Municipal Corporation">Hosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kancheepuram_Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kancheepuram Municipal Corporation">Kancheepuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaikudi_Municipal_Corporation" title="Karaikudi Municipal Corporation">Karaikudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karur_Municipal_corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Karur Municipal corporation">Karur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbakonam_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kumbakonam Municipal Corporation">Kumbakonam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai_Municipal_Corporation" title="Madurai Municipal Corporation">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagercoil_Municipal_Corporation" title="Nagercoil Municipal Corporation">Nagercoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namakkal_Municipal_Corporation" title="Namakkal Municipal Corporation">Namakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudukottai_Municipal_Corporation" title="Pudukottai Municipal Corporation">Pudukkottai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Salem Municipal Corporation">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivakasi_Municipal_corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivakasi Municipal corporation">Sivakasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambaram_Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tambaram Municipal Corporation">Tambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanjavur_Municipal_Corporation" title="Thanjavur Municipal Corporation">Thanjavur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoothukkudi_City_Municipal_Corporation" title="Thoothukkudi City Municipal Corporation">Thoothukkudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation">Tiruchirappalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirunelveli_Municipal_Corporation" title="Tirunelveli Municipal Corporation">Tirunelveli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruppur_Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruppur Municipal Corporation">Tiruppur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruvannamalai_Municipal_Corporation" title="Tiruvannamalai Municipal Corporation">Tiruvannamalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellore_Municipal_Corporation" title="Vellore Municipal Corporation">Vellore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu" class="mw-redirect" title="List of urban Local bodies in Tamil Nadu">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special grade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharmapuri" title="Dharmapuri">Dharmapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodaikanal" title="Kodaikanal">Kodaikanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kovilpatti" title="Kovilpatti">Kovilpatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnagiri" title="Krishnagiri">Krishnagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraimalai_Nagar" title="Maraimalai Nagar">Maraimalai Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayiladuthurai" title="Mayiladuthurai">Mayiladuthurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollachi" title="Pollachi">Pollachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajapalayam" title="Rajapalayam">Rajapalayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanathapuram" title="Ramanathapuram">Ramanathapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theni_Allinagaram" title="Theni Allinagaram">Theni Allinagaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruverkadu" title="Tiruverkadu">Tiruverkadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udagamandalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Udagamandalam">Udagamandalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viluppuram" title="Viluppuram">Viluppuram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selection grade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambur" title="Ambur">Ambur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attur,_Salem" title="Attur, Salem">Attur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coonoor" title="Coonoor">Coonoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharapuram" title="Dharapuram">Dharapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobichettipalayam" title="Gobichettipalayam">Gobichettipalayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannargudi" title="Mannargudi">Mannargudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mettupalayam,_Coimbatore" title="Mettupalayam, Coimbatore">Mettupalayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mettur" title="Mettur">Mettur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagapattinam" title="Nagapattinam">Nagapattinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palani" title="Palani">Palani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattukkottai" title="Pattukkottai">Pattukkottai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perambalur" title="Perambalur">Perambalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranipet" title="Ranipet">Ranipet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenkasi" title="Tenkasi">Tenkasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvarur" title="Thiruvarur">Thiruvarur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuraiyur" title="Thuraiyur">Thuraiyur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindivanam" title="Tindivanam">Tindivanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchengode" title="Tiruchengode">Tiruchengode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupattur" title="Tirupattur">Tirupattur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udumalaipettai" title="Udumalaipettai">Udumalaipettai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valparai" title="Valparai">Valparai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaniyambadi" title="Vaniyambadi">Vaniyambadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virudhunagar" title="Virudhunagar">Virudhunagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First grade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arakkonam" title="Arakkonam">Arakkonam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aarani,_Thiruvannamalai" title="Aarani, Thiruvannamalai">Arani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranthangi" title="Aranthangi">Aranthangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcot,_Tamil_Nadu" title="Arcot, Tamil Nadu">Arcot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruppukkottai" title="Aruppukkottai">Aruppukkottai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodinayakkanur" title="Bodinayakkanur">Bodinayakkanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengalpattu" title="Chengalpattu">Chengalpattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colachel" title="Colachel">Colachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbum,_Tamil_Nadu" title="Cumbum, Tamil Nadu">Cumbum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devakottai" title="Devakottai">Devakottai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edappadi" title="Edappadi">Edappadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudiyatham" title="Gudiyatham">Gudiyatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayankondam" title="Jayankondam">Jayankondam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadayanallur" title="Kadayanallur">Kadayanallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallakurichi" title="Kallakurichi">Kallakurichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komarapalayam" title="Komarapalayam">Komarapalayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manapparai" title="Manapparai">Manapparai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladam" title="Palladam">Palladam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panruti" title="Panruti">Panruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramakudi" title="Paramakudi">Paramakudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonamallee" title="Poonamallee">Poonamallee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasipuram" title="Rasipuram">Rasipuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankarankovil" title="Sankarankovil">Sankarankovil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathyamangalam" title="Sathyamangalam">Sathyamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivaganga" title="Sivaganga">Sivaganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivilliputhur" title="Srivilliputhur">Srivilliputhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumangalam,_Madurai" title="Tirumangalam, Madurai">Tirumangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruvallur" title="Tiruvallur">Tiruvallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruttani" title="Tiruttani">Tiruttani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaranyam" title="Vedaranyam">Vedaranyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virudhachalam" title="Virudhachalam">Virudhachalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second grade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adirampattinam" title="Adirampattinam">Adirampattinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambasamudram" title="Ambasamudram">Ambasamudram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyalur" title="Ariyalur">Ariyalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavani,_Tamil_Nadu" title="Bhavani, Tamil Nadu">Bhavani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyyar" title="Cheyyar">Cheyyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinnamanur" title="Chinnamanur">Chinnamanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edaganasalai" title="Edaganasalai">Edaganasalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudalur_(Coimbatore_district)" title="Gudalur (Coimbatore district)">Gudalur (Coimbatore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudalur,_Nilgiris" title="Gudalur, Nilgiris">Gudalur (Nilgiris)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudalur,_Theni" title="Gudalur, Theni">Gudalur (Theni)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harur" title="Harur">Harur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jolarpettai" title="Jolarpettai">Jolarpettai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalakkad" title="Kalakkad">Kalakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangeyam" title="Kangeyam">Kangeyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamadai" title="Karamadai">Karamadai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karumathampatti" title="Karumathampatti">Karumathampatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayalpatnam" title="Kayalpatnam">Kayalpatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilakarai" title="Kilakarai">Kilakarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollankodu" title="Kollankodu">Kollankodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koothanallur" title="Koothanallur">Koothanallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottakuppam" title="Kottakuppam">Kottakuppam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulithalai" title="Kulithalai">Kulithalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundrathur" title="Kundrathur">Kundrathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzhithura,_Kanyakumari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuzhithura, Kanyakumari">Kuzhithurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalgudi" title="Lalgudi">Lalgudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madukkarai" title="Madukkarai">Madukkarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maduranthakam" title="Maduranthakam">Maduranthakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manamadurai" title="Manamadurai">Manamadurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangadu" title="Mangadu">Mangadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melur" title="Melur">Melur</a></li> <li><a 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/141900450">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4090381-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81033454">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chidambaram (Indie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1021606&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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