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However, the current infrastructure in CERN’s North Area Experimental Hall proves to be unsuitable for the transport of particles in these low-momentum ranges. For this reason, the design and optimisation of a new tertiary beamline branch which will serve NA61/SHINE and other future experiments is necessary and will constitute the subject of this D.Phil thesis. Specifically, in this thesis, the entire design process of this new low-energy beamline has been addressed. Extensive studies into the optimisation of the secondary target and primary beam energy which will be used to produce the low-energy hadrons have been performed, leading to the selection of three targets aiming to optimise the beamline performance in different scenarios. Furthermore, significant work has gone into developing a novel optimisation process to meet the design specifications imposed by the experiment onto the beamline. This novel optimisation procedure has been used to maximise the beamline’s acceptance while providing a good momentum resolution and small beam- spot size to the experiment. The performance of this beamline design has then been extensively studied using a range of tools, including TRANSPORT, MAD-X PTC, and G4Beamline, to ensure that the figures of merit this beamline will be capable of delivering will meet the experimental needs. Additionally, the instrumentation which will be installed in the beamline has been selected and will enable particle-by-particle identification over the entire 2 to 13 GeV/c operational range. The effects of the additional material this instrumentation will intro- duce on the beam have also been studied, with a focus on the particle rate and beam-spot size at the NA61/SHINE target. Finally, the beamline’s possible future implementation into CERN’s North Area is discussed and a scheme for its installation is proposed. Additionally, a FLUKA study of the feasibility of the beamline from the point of view of radiation safety is presented. Mussolini, Carlo Alberto" /> <meta name="keywords" content="CERN Document Server, WebSearch, CERN Document Server" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$']], processEscapes: true}, showProcessingMessages: false, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML" type="text/javascript"> </script>  <meta content="Design of a New Low-Energy Beamline in CERN’s North Area for the NA61/SHINE Experiment" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="Mussolini, Carlo Alberto" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="2023/11/01" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/09/26"> <meta content="CERN-THESIS-2023-413" name="citation_technical_report_number" /> <meta content="Oxford U." name="citation_dissertation_institution" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2911289/files/CERN-THESIS-2023-413.pdf" />  <meta content="Design of a New Low-Energy Beamline in CERN’s North Area for the NA61/SHINE Experiment" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2911289" property="og:url" /> <meta content="CERN Document Server" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="One of the largest North Area fixed-target experiments at CERN, NA61/SHINE, has shown interest in cross-section measurements involving protons, pions, and kaons in the 2 to 13 GeV/c momentum range. However, the current infrastructure in CERN’s North Area Experimental Hall proves to be unsuitable for the transport of particles in these low-momentum ranges. For this reason, the design and optimisation of a new tertiary beamline branch which will serve NA61/SHINE and other future experiments is necessary and will constitute the subject of this D.Phil thesis. Specifically, in this thesis, the entire design process of this new low-energy beamline has been addressed. Extensive studies into the optimisation of the secondary target and primary beam energy which will be used to produce the low-energy hadrons have been performed, leading to the selection of three targets aiming to optimise the beamline performance in different scenarios. Furthermore, significant work has gone into developing a novel optimisation process to meet the design specifications imposed by the experiment onto the beamline. This novel optimisation procedure has been used to maximise the beamline’s acceptance while providing a good momentum resolution and small beam- spot size to the experiment. The performance of this beamline design has then been extensively studied using a range of tools, including TRANSPORT, MAD-X PTC, and G4Beamline, to ensure that the figures of merit this beamline will be capable of delivering will meet the experimental needs. Additionally, the instrumentation which will be installed in the beamline has been selected and will enable particle-by-particle identification over the entire 2 to 13 GeV/c operational range. The effects of the additional material this instrumentation will intro- duce on the beam have also been studied, with a focus on the particle rate and beam-spot size at the NA61/SHINE target. Finally, the beamline’s possible future implementation into CERN’s North Area is discussed and a scheme for its installation is proposed. Additionally, a FLUKA study of the feasibility of the beamline from the point of view of radiation safety is presented." property="og:description" />  <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <style></style> </head> <body class="CERN32Document32Server search" lang="en">  <div id="cern-toolbar"> <h1><a href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN">CERN <span>Accelerating science</span></a></h1> <ul> <li class="cern-accountlinks"><a class="cern-account" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/login?ln=en&referer=https%3A//cds.cern.ch/record/2911289" title="Sign in to your CERN account">Sign in</a></li> <li><a class="cern-directory" href="http://cern.ch/directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div role="banner" class="clearfix" id="header"> <div class="header-inner inner"> <hgroup class="clearfix"> <h2 id="site-name"> <a rel="home" title="Home" href="/"><span>CERN Document Server</span></a> </h2> <h3 id="site-slogan">Access articles, reports and multimedia content in HEP</h3> </hgroup> <div role="navigation" id="main-navigation" class="cdsmenu"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul class="links inline clearfix"> <li class="menu-386 first active-trail"><a class="active-trail" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=en">Search</a></li> <li class="menu-444 "><a class="" title="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=en">Submit</a></li> <li class="menu-426 "><a class="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=en">Help</a></li> <li class="leaf hassubcdsmenu"> <a hreflang="en" class="header" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=en">Personalize</a> <ul class="subsubcdsmenu"><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/list?ln=en">Your alerts</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourbaskets/display?ln=en">Your baskets</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourcomments?ln=en">Your comments</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/display?ln=en">Your searches</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> <a href="/?ln=en" class="navtrail">Home</a> > Design of a New Low-Energy Beamline in CERN’s North Area for the NA61/SHINE Experiment </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pagebody"><div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <div class="detailedrecordbox"> <div class="detailedrecordtabs"> <div> <ul class="detailedrecordtabs"><li class="on first"><a href="/record/2911289/?ln=en">Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/record/2911289/files?ln=en">Files </a></li></ul> <div id="tabsSpacer" style="clear:both;height:0px"> </div></div> </div> <div class="detailedrecordboxcontent"> <div class="top-left-folded"></div> <div class="top-right-folded"></div> <div class="inside">  <abbr class="unapi-id" title="2911289"></abbr> <style type="text/css">  </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/pdf-previewer-append-to-table.js"></script> <table class="formatRecordTableFullWidth" > <tr> <td class="formatRecordHeader" style="background-image: url('https://cds.cern.ch/img/journals.jpg');" colspan="2"> Thesis </td> </tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Report number </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">CERN-THESIS-2023-413</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Title </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><b>Design of a New Low-Energy Beamline in CERN’s North Area for the NA61/SHINE Experiment</b></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Author(s)</span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mussolini%2C%20Carlo%20Alberto&ln=en">Mussolini, Carlo Alberto</a> (Oxford U.)</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Publication </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">2023 - 185.</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Thesis note </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">PhD : Oxford U. : 2023-10-01</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Thesis supervisor(s) </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="/search?f=author&p=Charitonidis, Nikolaos">Charitonidis, Nikolaos</a> ; <a href="/search?f=author&p=Burrows, Philip Nicholas">Burrows, Philip Nicholas</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Note </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Presented 01 Nov 2023</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Subject category </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Accelerators and Storage Rings ; Accelerators and Storage Rings</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Accelerator/Facility, Experiment </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?p=CERN%20SPS&f=693__a">CERN SPS</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Abstract </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">One of the largest North Area fixed-target experiments at CERN, NA61/SHINE, has shown interest in cross-section measurements involving protons, pions, and kaons in the 2 to 13 GeV/c momentum range. However, the current infrastructure in CERN’s North Area Experimental Hall proves to be unsuitable for the transport of particles in these low-momentum ranges. For this reason, the design and optimisation of a new tertiary beamline branch which will serve NA61/SHINE and other future experiments is necessary and will constitute the subject of this D.Phil thesis. Specifically, in this thesis, the entire design process of this new low-energy beamline has been addressed. Extensive studies into the optimisation of the secondary target and primary beam energy which will be used to produce the low-energy hadrons have been performed, leading to the selection of three targets aiming to optimise the beamline performance in different scenarios. Furthermore, significant work has gone into developing a novel optimisation process to meet the design specifications imposed by the experiment onto the beamline. This novel optimisation procedure has been used to maximise the beamline’s acceptance while providing a good momentum resolution and small beam- spot size to the experiment. The performance of this beamline design has then been extensively studied using a range of tools, including TRANSPORT, MAD-X PTC, and G4Beamline, to ensure that the figures of merit this beamline will be capable of delivering will meet the experimental needs. Additionally, the instrumentation which will be installed in the beamline has been selected and will enable particle-by-particle identification over the entire 2 to 13 GeV/c operational range. The effects of the additional material this instrumentation will intro- duce on the beam have also been studied, with a focus on the particle rate and beam-spot size at the NA61/SHINE target. Finally, the beamline’s possible future implementation into CERN’s North Area is discussed and a scheme for its installation is proposed. Additionally, a FLUKA study of the feasibility of the beamline from the point of view of radiation safety is presented.</td></tr> </table> <br/>Email contact: <a href="mailto:nikolaos.charitonidis@cern.ch">nikolaos.charitonidis@cern.ch</a> <small> </small> <small> </small> <br/><br/><div align="right"><div style="padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:30px;"><span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"> <a href="" class="moreinfo">Back to search</a> </span></div></div> <div class="bottom-left-folded"><div class="recordlastmodifiedbox" style="position:relative;margin-left:1px"> Record created 2024-09-26, last modified 2024-11-18</div></div> <div class="bottom-right-folded" style="text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px;"> <span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"><a href="/search?ln=en&p=recid%3A2911289&rm=wrd" class="moreinfo">Similar records</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <br/> <br /> <div class="detailedrecordminipanel"> <div class="top-left"></div><div class="top-right"></div> <div class="inside"> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelfile" style="width:33%;float:left;text-align:center;margin-top:0"> <div><small class="detailedRecordActions">Fulltext:</small> <br /><a href="/record/2911289/files/CERN-THESIS-2023-413.pdf"><img style="border:none" src="/img/file-icon-text-34x48.gif" alt="Download fulltext" /><br />PDF</a><br /></div> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelreview" style="width:30%;float:left;text-align:center"> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelactions" style="width:36%;float:right;text-align:right;"> <ul class="detailedrecordactions"> <li><a href="/yourbaskets/add?ln=en&recid=2911289">Add to personal basket</a></li> <li>Export as <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2911289/export/hx?ln=en">BibTeX</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2911289/export/hm?ln=en">MARC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2911289/export/xm?ln=en">MARCXML</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2911289/export/xd?ln=en">DC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2911289/export/xe?ln=en">EndNote</a>,  <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2911289/export/xn?ln=en">NLM</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2911289/export/xw?ln=en">RefWorks</a> </li> </ul> <div style='padding-left: 13px;'>  <div id="bookmark"></div> <div id="bookmark_sciencewise"></div> <style type="text/css"> #bookmark_sciencewise, #bookmark {float: left;} #bookmark_sciencewise li {padding: 2px; width: 25px;} #bookmark_sciencewise ul, #bookmark ul {list-style-image: none;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.bookmark.min.js"></script> <style type="text/css">@import "/css/jquery.bookmark.css";</style> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ $.bookmark.addSite('sciencewise', 'ScienceWise.info', 'https://cds.cern.ch/img/sciencewise.png', 'en', 'bookmark', 'http://sciencewise.info/bookmarks/cds:2911289/add'); $('#bookmark_sciencewise').bookmark({sites: ['sciencewise']}); $('#bookmark').bookmark({ sites: ['facebook', 'twitter', 'linkedin', 'google_plusone'], icons: '/img/bookmarks.png', url: 'https://cds.cern.ch/record/2911289', addEmail: true, title: "Design of a New Low-Energy Beamline in CERN\u2019s North Area for the NA61/SHINE Experiment", description: "One of the largest North Area fixed-target experiments at CERN, NA61/SHINE, has shown interest in cross-section measurements involving protons, pions, and kaons in the 2 to 13 GeV/c momentum range. However, the current infrastructure in CERN\u2019s North Area Experimental Hall proves to be unsuitable for the transport of particles in these low-momentum ranges. For this reason, the design and optimisation of a new tertiary beamline branch which will serve NA61/SHINE and other future experiments is necessary and will constitute the subject of this D.Phil thesis. Specifically, in this thesis, the entire design process of this new low-energy beamline has been addressed. Extensive studies into the optimisation of the secondary target and primary beam energy which will be used to produce the low-energy hadrons have been performed, leading to the selection of three targets aiming to optimise the beamline performance in different scenarios. Furthermore, significant work has gone into developing a novel optimisation process to meet the design specifications imposed by the experiment onto the beamline. This novel optimisation procedure has been used to maximise the beamline\u2019s acceptance while providing a good momentum resolution and small beam- spot size to the experiment. The performance of this beamline design has then been extensively studied using a range of tools, including TRANSPORT, MAD-X PTC, and G4Beamline, to ensure that the figures of merit this beamline will be capable of delivering will meet the experimental needs. Additionally, the instrumentation which will be installed in the beamline has been selected and will enable particle-by-particle identification over the entire 2 to 13 GeV/c operational range. The effects of the additional material this instrumentation will intro- duce on the beam have also been studied, with a focus on the particle rate and beam-spot size at the NA61/SHINE target. Finally, the beamline\u2019s possible future implementation into CERN\u2019s North Area is discussed and a scheme for its installation is proposed. 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