CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134164b89df6cc1',cH: 'YxMoUdmHSbAw0Mjo2KOZC_Lu7sR4bmHmpynm62Qa9Do-1739777583-1.2.1.1-5R7mwvte_Vr_5RHo_QalEbx_Fc.4tMU6j8YaAsyRkWgqgr5mFHxMAYfsv7W3SXPh',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Attahir%20Shehu%20Mainiyo&__cf_chl_tk=kfu7QYWfR2gUkM0r5a_CUHGZyKsjPwmJdoaiCI7cfHI-1739777583-1.0.1.1-A_wEK0VVXSDpPQAgj28BYcKkghXp99eJ_inNMAFH9A4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777583',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Attahir%20Shehu%20Mainiyo&__cf_chl_f_tk=kfu7QYWfR2gUkM0r5a_CUHGZyKsjPwmJdoaiCI7cfHI-1739777583-1.0.1.1-A_wEK0VVXSDpPQAgj28BYcKkghXp99eJ_inNMAFH9A4",md: "nzCAzkbEOeTAqZZID4owb3Jk6jO480K3mT98iMTYLCQ-1739777583-1.2.1.1-P7BWf3sfL2qK_DOt0hnn63jsx1xWSacKgou3CbVqHGjMx4WI9PJoP8RJ.wnezMHRnBI5AIqHWqIuCK8caqG76YaeGBhg9Y5hyp9XhrB2xay4U6aJe.CKM.oYUdRDjf0g4JecsTCUjxmnFTktJfzowAgrqRNi98v.Zf3edM8zdYCE_i1wdUUkp4U_cZYfGe7mdWUFXryK0URCGow5qm7g5TCoCo8PYJag3WayySczs_B09q9f.8yEIfzSjykQuAQJyLAqnuqAxc4xshEeo5zkaj65AGrR0NkjER9RZU_Nc1Yeu8p2gvxb.UNcc7sNFAZP7_QquIuOhvWaE0zsDHg3c92tjgxMJlY31vNHJXsDJIXzCW.o1sdwUbfY4BJQHnV5aboSJSLhBjYhWVHAX34izTEJjgrQASFrGyN7C4PLtMgbDS4P2iRPnsEOqtwp_PZ9pD_wSgyalZhv0QYv0fYSWV7WeGuL4pd3_gnVVY29HXb0rlH0iR1OLs2Zj5gi5SrJ._lmrDEWdx3ad8hycvrCcks3K4xnP90iW40bgiGy9iZl3LPCmgBs8oGp0bsczYUxAC0RVXr3WffU_BCD1BCAxYClccZF5EQnHHWV.gyFrNsLC.mWgWeQ6e00WvxirDEUa.7zdhhTFz1KDfzTu3ibWsOTDI3hwQcDPlmWpM4Y8QM2tNoB3xjc_XFoRYpRJejMoPv3l8rzTYBL6sLNiPBfMS_S9rmjUZJDYfyzBsxthynnVbjRqvidkGXfe.39i92CNi2sKGy0dLlnyaoYPlVcm8EgsjO8z7Tj.7XuhPsx6dpIftGwrdqKC5T2jSH2S6rGcTuRBAC7YXzLzbZ3Gk3eTuIQND9ZDt.2_V.P3nsy5_K7VpD81fs43hJWsrpMgAjdmwgzWH7ktNsFti_88wht9G0YYPADNMNFHL.NgR8LQQldb8dX4HZFi8lgWvoNfsUtU_als61ZDWUryjrfTHQhLCshn1ER5xPHI6IR9NWJYCtkT91ZN6PnkrAMHV3nnmBz0fPw_RjOqOG78sr6HbOQE0C9wOk1e1WujJKogNhc43wEm3QpvAu9FY0YPzUMEVjh0hgExdk.hjtCxGBVhUnSeETKXiRlevYiRAfKWPtyxiQ8ei5waEEy31wVHoX9azKdLtgRsL1nEJxYwa7OHz3TNo3OrGAMEHaUEaNAW0dDcxoQN7D2nJBsSEDoSy272RBfcpOHnNsVa8daPqcsweO4GpohKAsyyBnvqvTL5NMb.pb89lzVZiWoUbVXnQkQlKCc9IRYMMCPmhlIUQL7CB47qJoQ3heVMQZBA4fPT73u1.jJXjaolg4Iu_5PWo2AE.970Px8H6xUBflr01k6xNVKx3RxzUU4OI.g8QTSrcEiGTiEGKHUQZ2xlpvjYiKI2EdXPPEJEdxmM0uAjwLu4qgZK6Qpx17HGx.qY7Ct7eJvlQdN7dCI6ZAf80r5G98V.huL7ajQELkWMlkieEie1y_14yFHhgoG06p2vXV5oWRs7o2p4pVL8WtAjFHw54dK9YF7bvUP3nJhRSG4VarTY0ICJZNVD4.zFHXll4bILf4nMWJxSDk2t04hKtKyTRIxgvpg.MsWXFSf71gZnv.u98ycSp920wFnBjFDbh6XroX2IOc0nmNBXSlnUGg6GCQqq7e7GyMDB5HrmX9.CE9nwXFuXxFRZ2u0fl2uc8Icg8oA8haLKfgMjAM3M9SxNEVT0Rf2jd6PO6DGtp.vrPEQgdZxTXA7V3EWFNHFUnESfx9uKB10EUCOtrwRQ98IicSG0HMNVUhLwgiAfuBjznPQPN5k4QNfhZ1U1z0hjfhZp_Awg6GO6LVC4LFhNXNsQbuyLz94x9Iuc4PHg2YV58nEJQSDKfdn4Lq7pDJOft7suiQo_mk2ch2_LXETmWCJDraThsvD6UBOe88UZinpyUQFsgpdw.LBk_uGSDiMXB7QrnK1xuO9lHmcHmEWDfYKGp.3DONa",mdrd: "aCsADQp0ctN85MUzJXt4fmfpk4A1vJmxos89LnTC6nM-1739777583-1.2.1.1-A3lyM9iV92cr96YEC8MP7eyzFoQ06LK6OhRxoTWuXynNkN7nHBUHwbty9Tp.s95wpUbweYVGSADMopu8j_BiA3y9pZScLFv7cWek6hBMDlfQFtAdQxqzzb4ILqZZ_QxlEV.AyMwfNgU41jsddS04EZSmJyPiYAO2iKMee4C._kuujndi8WlUlUB14gug0w6CkGT5MyVnzCoEqY0EOmWMuJmIGAOE0oIqzc5hUhEpGv5j4FGXTaCAoYmvfeKYO4Qgs96TOfvUkB5KwY1ZWLQHReXtedo4Nln.c9Gnu7531NtGrA94zQ0kfH8OJbPSc1eag9i4d.k1SR9RAKctKDAdOVKchqnkjZEANhQLfi6RUBFD1MqJYfm1S7PK1jbYUpdwwWgP118UItPmvgtz8WmB0e6Dg3Jhm0ndgcHWjZUpTaYuhZ3PUe7Vhp3uS8MVl2bnD93dRYSCCD6yZp.XObw8jZkgvkt3m7N8JaMLzrxlnfTcYXVWGX62lAx8TzowaPKDiTUnA8dkPpmXKx0eFuhK1VSRdbBDRIfbRnGeefRK3HsGFY9LVVaDf4ZRpfaZkmws1o9CgbNKbo7575xlQhsaglxGD41nHAI523MQNTeXDD5VWZrTzR1.E3t_idhXO5vv5kDqgelo9mqqVUHQIkhYxhzcB4DeTrvZsLbwfKFVS9aB0lqPD5MyRldKpMOtDyqgojow3EbVQbJaST1rnuYNZ_4oYJLq6MP24ZodMbgjUHPDXjSRcwD2nQ1f9vQICYK3ky.abKG4bAE_ovb7h1zhLVdft.hN80afSW.e4WOCXgGAjx00Z3HEfutE1Jtkx8OeHuvr7p1TD0iZDi7e64oboQ5M23rR9FuqyLyjRGQrXhJ9493WUTlDnlSXRiLqFSFRpk7WW9eP1gmGABwAlaoeLXYCcWKVdLq2krtiRCLBh.s0mlYp.39fZK7BLQ68GCWGu3eEkA_mc_ew2wiFGCNuXQOk7CfuzxysJtpcJg8YPbTFNWb1Fgk003tl98EoZnV4tNA.hkUUMY44IRrRgee8awYhgcLp9NfSxGeDlVXyLlr61pF1fEDhwCItrtL7owLnHErNUcTM4PKM4DViWe6UrBmZLCvLnjrE2JKBJrmX52kF8MOklV0vw4ibCTnzdZYHWAE6dKmCX8fs.XoxNIbedTunjwJ2x970LF7W9ulOTjZVq9AbnCn89RmiEf7xsRAur3Yv6LijiTRDCziDTuKvMA3o3PW2KaW.72kxaJvysoYS9SQAuCx4Daqo8kqwZxYRQkA50aggpElmL8I95CX_nH2CQMdUu8csKY4PyoBxsU4gLugIVq5PtNkyg3EWacAnqn7RnFx3oBKU3PsexWX5_f78UmnBk80IT5TXc7ip.s6gH8iAS1rYVb.b5arZSnlDfvtxTFWR1csrXU7tLt8Vm3L5mOdP3acEfJ8QOOxKQkFmupT.cMS2cfS3UYqbAJoyhR2OM1BUIIGC5y8zsKHdzkxcq5UwEASiJfUf5ZnAAc6CQnQ45w2uURjxbUsgdwYhH5Gp3KaKw0S4AO2kGaLtvIPJgDS8dYqqAIBY7D1R7.z_4ATuKOrcK.12y5TcdTVVge8C_OnDnikcIwz8Whv5qRodY_8UFURj6yQzx33b0mEoOSZ0fvXxCLUsr8VORQfWTb7YczR8RS80LOhdgywBViLduJRS8k.s7HphL.SilO8LUyxmlbA1R8kQw78AMVz6myb4b50o_jwqP91q6w2IeuIDhLPJazQyIvNySHoLLtUZlvfL3GU5QlPziHny2IF7Mg.C3d1ovTfFXjH.NCA.9oLQrwpHm9TF8SNbkbU6YCPoY8zRf14UIg0habpg5UrQpB_wFOPNnigbCk_T7eDxSH9zzQVHP5oFoGjz61yS9agUD.h.VrmPkp54RP.trPx6P9pL.9ELt6xGQTWfPXEQcq_iFZG9jm32W0IEneVw9sxfPowPGyn99f1tpxgPaNxs"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134164b89df6cc1';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Attahir%20Shehu%20Mainiyo&__cf_chl_rt_tk=kfu7QYWfR2gUkM0r5a_CUHGZyKsjPwmJdoaiCI7cfHI-1739777583-1.0.1.1-A_wEK0VVXSDpPQAgj28BYcKkghXp99eJ_inNMAFH9A4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>