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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tipologie_di_microplastiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipologie_di_microplastiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tipologie di microplastiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipologie_di_microplastiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diffusione_nell'ambiente" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diffusione_nell'ambiente"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Diffusione nell'ambiente</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diffusione_nell'ambiente-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Diffusione nell'ambiente</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diffusione_nell'ambiente-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ripercussioni_sulla_fauna_marina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ripercussioni_sulla_fauna_marina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ripercussioni sulla fauna marina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ripercussioni_sulla_fauna_marina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catena_alimentare_umana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catena_alimentare_umana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Catena alimentare umana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catena_alimentare_umana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislazione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legislazione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soluzioni_in_via_di_sviluppo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soluzioni_in_via_di_sviluppo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Soluzioni in via di sviluppo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soluzioni_in_via_di_sviluppo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effetti_sulla_salute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effetti_sulla_salute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Effetti sulla salute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effetti_sulla_salute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galleria_d'immagini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galleria_d'immagini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Galleria d'immagini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galleria_d'immagini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Microplastica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 45 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" title="لدائن دقيقة - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لدائن دقيقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplastik" title="Mikroplastik - balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mikroplastik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="माइक्रोप्लास्टिक - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="माइक्रोप्लास्टिक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="ক্ষুদ্রপ্লাস্টিক - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্ষুদ্রপ্লাস্টিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropl%C3%A0stic" title="Microplàstic - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Microplàstic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplasty" title="Mikroplasty - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mikroplasty" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplast" title="Mikroplast - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mikroplast" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplastik" title="Mikroplastik - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mikroplastik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC" title="Μικροπλαστικά - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μικροπλαστικά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastics" title="Microplastics - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Microplastics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplasta%C4%B5o" title="Mikroplastaĵo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mikroplastaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropl%C3%A1stico" title="Microplástico - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Microplástico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplast" title="Mikroplast - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mikroplast" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplastiko" title="Mikroplastiko - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mikroplastiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="میکروپلاستیک - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میکروپلاستیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikromuovi" title="Mikromuovi - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mikromuovi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastique" title="Microplastique - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Microplastique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micreaphlaistigh" title="Micreaphlaistigh - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Micreaphlaistigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropl%C3%A1stico" title="Microplástico - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Microplástico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="מיקרופלסטיק - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיקרופלסטיק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplastika" title="Mikroplastika - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mikroplastika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrom%C5%B1anyag" title="Mikroműanyag - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mikroműanyag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastico" title="Microplastico - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Microplastico" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplastik" title="Mikroplastik - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mikroplastik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="マイクロプラスチック - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイクロプラスチック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%84%B8_%ED%94%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B1" title="미세 플라스틱 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미세 플라스틱" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplastmasa" title="Mikroplastmasa - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mikroplastmasa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Микропластика - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Микропластика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplastik" title="Mikroplastik - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mikroplastik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastics" title="Microplastics - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Microplastics" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplast" title="Mikroplast - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mikroplast" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplastik" title="Mikroplastik - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mikroplastik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BC%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="مایکروپلاسټیک - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مایکروپلاسټیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropl%C3%A1stico" title="Microplástico - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Microplástico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastic" title="Microplastic - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Microplastic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Микропластик - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Микропластик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplastika" title="Mikroplastika - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mikroplastika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplastika" title="Mikroplastika - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mikroplastika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Микропластика - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Микропластика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroplast" title="Mikroplast - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mikroplast" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint torna-a"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1leftarrow_blue.svg/18px-1leftarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1leftarrow_blue.svg/27px-1leftarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1leftarrow_blue.svg/36px-1leftarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Voce principale: <b><a href="/wiki/Inquinamento_causato_dalla_plastica" title="Inquinamento causato dalla plastica">Inquinamento causato dalla plastica</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microplastic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Microplastic.jpg/220px-Microplastic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Microplastic.jpg/330px-Microplastic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Microplastic.jpg/440px-Microplastic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3062" data-file-height="2012" /></a><figcaption>Microplastiche</figcaption></figure> <p>Con <b>microplastica</b> ci si riferisce a piccole particelle di <a href="/wiki/Materie_plastiche" title="Materie plastiche">materiale plastico</a> generalmente più piccole del <a href="/wiki/Millimetro" class="mw-redirect" title="Millimetro">millimetro</a> fino a livello <a href="/wiki/Micrometro_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Micrometro (unità di misura)">micrometrico</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. L'inquinamento da microplastiche causato da rifiuti di piccolissime dimensioni che si infiltrano nell'ambiente e negli alimenti è ritenuto una minaccia per l'<a href="/wiki/Ecosistema" title="Ecosistema">ecosistema</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Salute_umana" class="mw-redirect" title="Salute umana">salute umana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Polo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipologie_di_microplastiche">Tipologie di microplastiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Tipologie di microplastiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tipologie di microplastiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esistono due categorie di microplastica: la primaria è prodotta come risultato diretto dell'uso umano di queste sostanze e la secondaria come risultato di frammentazione di rifiuti plastici di più grandi porzioni<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mikroplastasarp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mikroplastasarp.jpg/220px-Mikroplastasarp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mikroplastasarp.jpg/330px-Mikroplastasarp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mikroplastasarp.jpg/440px-Mikroplastasarp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Polietilene" title="Polietilene">Polietilene</a> basato su microsfere in un <a href="/wiki/Dentifricio" title="Dentifricio">dentifricio</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Le microplastiche provengono da diverse fonti: se ne trovano in maniera massiccia in prodotti come <a href="/wiki/Cosmesi" title="Cosmesi">cosmetici</a>, prodotti per l'igiene personale e per la casa, nei materiali edili, nelle industrie e in agricoltura.<sup id="cite_ref-Polo_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spesso nei cosmetici le microplastiche vanno a costituire fino al 90% del peso totale del prodotto, come nel caso degli esfolianti per la pelle<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Anche l'usura di pneumatici produce microplastiche.<sup id="cite_ref-Liguori_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liguori-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Una grande quantità di microplastiche è di origine casalinga, come quelle provenienti dal lavaggio di capi sintetici, che si vanno a riversare in acqua. Questo problema può essere ridotto tramite appositi filtri, lavaggi a bassa temperatura e l'uso di detersivi liquidi<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'agricoltura è anch'essa produttrice di microplastiche. I teli che vengono usati per <a href="/wiki/Pacciamatura" title="Pacciamatura">pacciamare</a> si disintegrano nel suolo quando alla fine del ciclo di coltura non vengono raccolti e smaltiti adeguatamente. Lasciate sui terreni, le plastiche si possono degradare per <a href="/wiki/Abrasione_(scienze_dei_materiali)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrasione (scienze dei materiali)">abrasione</a>, per agenti atmosferici e per azione di insetti o mammiferi.<sup id="cite_ref-Polo_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diffusione_nell'ambiente"><span id="Diffusione_nell.27ambiente"></span>Diffusione nell'ambiente</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Diffusione nell'ambiente" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Diffusione nell'ambiente"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microplastica_in_un_campo_da_tennis_in_erba_sintetica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Microplastica_in_un_campo_da_tennis_in_erba_sintetica.jpg/220px-Microplastica_in_un_campo_da_tennis_in_erba_sintetica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Microplastica_in_un_campo_da_tennis_in_erba_sintetica.jpg/330px-Microplastica_in_un_campo_da_tennis_in_erba_sintetica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Microplastica_in_un_campo_da_tennis_in_erba_sintetica.jpg/440px-Microplastica_in_un_campo_da_tennis_in_erba_sintetica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Accumulo di microplastica al bordo di un <a href="/wiki/Campo_da_tennis" title="Campo da tennis">campo da tennis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Erba_sintetica" title="Erba sintetica">erba sintetica</a></figcaption></figure> <p>È stato riscontrato che entrambe le categorie di microplastiche (primaria e secondaria) persistono nell'ambiente in grandi quantità, soprattutto negli ecosistemi marini ed acquatici<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ciò perché la plastica si deforma ma non si rompe per molti anni, può essere ingerita e accumulata nel corpo e nei tessuti di molti organismi. L'intero ciclo e movimento delle microplastiche nell'ambiente non è ancora stato studiato approfonditamente soprattutto per la difficoltà di analizzare una miscela di svariati tipi di plastica più o meno inerte. </p><p>Il 77% del sangue delle persone testate dai ricercatori dell’Università Vrije di <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> nel 2022 è risultato contenere microplastiche poiché esse possono viaggiare nel corpo e depositarsi negli organi<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_breakdown_of_a_plastic_bottle_into_smaller_fragments,_eventually_ending_up_as_micro-_and_nano-plastics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bottiglia di plastica che si disgrega nel mare in pezzi sempre più piccoli che vengono a contatto con dei pesci." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_breakdown_of_a_plastic_bottle_into_smaller_fragments%2C_eventually_ending_up_as_micro-_and_nano-plastics.png/330px-The_breakdown_of_a_plastic_bottle_into_smaller_fragments%2C_eventually_ending_up_as_micro-_and_nano-plastics.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_breakdown_of_a_plastic_bottle_into_smaller_fragments%2C_eventually_ending_up_as_micro-_and_nano-plastics.png/495px-The_breakdown_of_a_plastic_bottle_into_smaller_fragments%2C_eventually_ending_up_as_micro-_and_nano-plastics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_breakdown_of_a_plastic_bottle_into_smaller_fragments%2C_eventually_ending_up_as_micro-_and_nano-plastics.png/660px-The_breakdown_of_a_plastic_bottle_into_smaller_fragments%2C_eventually_ending_up_as_micro-_and_nano-plastics.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2044" /></a><figcaption>Rappresentazione dell'esposizione della fauna marina alla microplastica. Fonte:<a href="/wiki/Agenzia_europea_dell%27ambiente" title="Agenzia europea dell'ambiente">Agenzia europea dell'ambiente</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Secondo un’inchiesta avviata da Orb Media, un’<a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_non_profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizzazione non profit">organizzazione non profit</a> di Washington, che ha condiviso con il Guardian i risultati, l’acqua che esce dai rubinetti di tutto il mondo contiene microscopiche fibre di plastica (ovvero microplastiche); il dossier, denominato “<i>Invisibles: The Plastic Inside Us</i>”, rappresenta il primo studio a livello globale sull’inquinamento dell’<a href="/wiki/Acqua_potabile" title="Acqua potabile">acqua potabile</a> da parte di microplastiche.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gli Stati Uniti sono stati identificati come il Paese con il tasso di contaminazione più elevato: valori che arrivano fino al 94%, con fibre trovate in acqua di rubinetto <a href="/wiki/Campionamento_(chimica)" title="Campionamento (chimica)">campionata</a> anche negli edifici del <a href="/wiki/Campidoglio_(Washington)" title="Campidoglio (Washington)">United States Capitol</a> (Campidoglio a Washington), nella sede dell’<a href="/wiki/Agenzia_per_la_protezione_dell%27ambiente" class="mw-redirect" title="Agenzia per la protezione dell'ambiente">Agenzia per la Protezione dell’Ambiente</a> (EPA – Environmental Protection Agency) e persino nella <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a> a New York. A seguire Paesi come il Libano e l'India. Le nazioni europee come il Regno Unito, la Germania e la Francia registrano un tasso di contaminazione più basso, anche se la presenza è stata riscontrata nel 72% dei casi. Per quanto riguarda le concentrazioni rilevate, il numero medio di fibre in mezzo litro varia da 4,8 unità negli Stati Uniti sino a 1,9 in Europa. Si tratta di una contaminazione distribuita più o meno in modo uniforme in ogni parte del globo, indipendentemente dalla sede di approvvigionamento.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Franco Borgogno, giornalista, tutor e ricercatore dell’<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Research_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Research Institute (la pagina non esiste)">European Research Institute</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dal 2015 ha raccolto dati in merito alla presenza delle microplastiche e macroplastiche nell’oceano globale. Partecipando nel 2016 alla campagna oceanografica HighNorth, controllata della Marina italiana, e condotta nel mare circostante le <a href="/wiki/Isole_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Isole Svalbard">Isole Svalbard</a>, nell’Artico profondo e presso il <a href="/wiki/Passaggio_a_Nord_Ovest" class="mw-redirect" title="Passaggio a Nord Ovest">Passaggio a Nord Ovest</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, ha individuato microplastiche nell'estremo mare Artico. </p><p>Anche nell'aria sono contenute le microplastiche, secondo alcuni studi sulle cime più alte d'Italia ogni anno cadono milioni di particelle di microplastiche che, alla fine dell'inverno, quando la neve sarà sciolta, queste finiscono nei corsi d'acqua.<sup id="cite_ref-Liguori_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liguori-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ripercussioni_sulla_fauna_marina">Ripercussioni sulla fauna marina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Ripercussioni sulla fauna marina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ripercussioni sulla fauna marina"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Inquinamento_marino_causato_dalla_plastica" title="Inquinamento marino causato dalla plastica">Inquinamento marino causato dalla plastica</a></b>.</span></div> </div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snap-40.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Snap-40.jpg/220px-Snap-40.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Snap-40.jpg/330px-Snap-40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Snap-40.jpg/440px-Snap-40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="1754" /></a><figcaption>Fibre di microplastica identificate in ambiente marino</figcaption></figure> <p>Le microplastiche costituiscono una seria minaccia per i piccoli esseri viventi marini, i quali tendono a nutrirsene scambiandole per plancton<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Questi organismi minori vengono a loro volta inseriti nella catena alimentare e venendo ingeriti da esseri viventi più grandi e loro predatori. La catena può continuare sino a raggiungere le nostre tavole. Controllare l’immissione di tali plastiche nell’ambiente significa quindi salvaguardare la fauna marina. Molti animali marini come gabbiani o foche hanno ingerito microplastiche, avendo ripercussioni sulla salute<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catena_alimentare_umana">Catena alimentare umana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Catena alimentare umana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Catena alimentare umana"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recenti studi hanno dimostrato che l'inquinamento da parte delle microplastiche ha raggiunto la catena alimentare interessando non solo la fauna marina ma anche alimenti come il <a href="/wiki/Sale_marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Sale marino">sale marino</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Birra" title="Birra">birra</a> ed il <a href="/wiki/Miele" title="Miele">miele</a>. Nonostante non siano stati condotti studi specifici, c’è anche la possibilità che i frammenti arrivino sulle nostre tavole attraverso la <a href="/wiki/Carne" title="Carne">carne</a>; infatti, <a href="/wiki/Pollame" title="Pollame">pollame</a> e <a href="/wiki/Suini" class="mw-redirect" title="Suini">suini</a> vengono nutriti anche con farine ricavate da piccoli pesci che possono essere contaminati.<sup id="cite_ref-ilfattoalimentare_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilfattoalimentare-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Da un'analisi di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalberg_Global_Development_Advisors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalberg Global Development Advisors (la pagina non esiste)">Dalberg</a> risulterebbe che una persona possa ingerirne in media circa 5 grammi in una settimana.<sup id="cite_ref-Polo_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wwf_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Questa analisi è basata su un report<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> del 2019 (commissionato dal <a href="/wiki/WWF" title="WWF">WWF</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> scritto da due ricercatori dell'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Newcastle" title="Università di Newcastle">Università di Newcastle</a> e contenente una stima preliminare che, in un articolo su rivista pubblicato due anni più tardi, gli autori hanno ridimensionato a 0,7 grammi a settimana, con un intervallo di incertezza che va dagli 0,1 ai 5 grammi a settimana.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sua volta, questo studio è stato smentito da vari altri lavori, che riducono la stima delle microplastiche ingerite all'ordine dei <a href="/wiki/Microgrammi" class="mw-redirect" title="Microgrammi">microgrammi</a> (ovvero un milione di volte inferiore).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel 2016 l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Istituto_tedesco_per_la_valutazione_del_rischio_alimentare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istituto tedesco per la valutazione del rischio alimentare (la pagina non esiste)">Istituto tedesco per la valutazione del rischio alimentare</a> (BfR) ha invitato l'<a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A0_europea_per_la_sicurezza_alimentare" title="Autorità europea per la sicurezza alimentare">Autorità europea per la sicurezza alimentare</a> (EFSA) a indagare per capire quali siano gli effetti della microplastica sulla salute umana, in quanto pur verificandosi un transito delle microplastiche solo nel tratto intestinale dei pesci, nei bivalvi il tratto intestinale viene consumato e costituiscono in questo caso una fonte d'esposizione alle microplastiche.<sup id="cite_ref-ilfattoalimentare_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilfattoalimentare-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> al 2022 non esistono ancora dati a sufficienza per determinare un rischio o meno<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel 2020 l'Ospedale Fatebenefratelli di Roma e il Politecnico delle Marche hanno rinvenuto 12 frammenti di microplastiche all'interno dell'organismo umano di 6 donne sane, in particolare nella placenta di feti in gestazione e nella circolazione sanguigna, in particolare sono state rinvenute in 4 placente (5 nel lato fetale, 4 nel lato materno e 3 nelle membrane corioamniotiche).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nel 2022 Hull York Medical School, University of Hull (Hull HU6 7RX) United Kingdom ha rinvenuto ulteriori tracce di microplastica all'interno dei tessuti polmonari.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Con l'avanzare delle tecnologie risulta sempre più facile rilevare le microplastiche, il che porta a correggere le stime sulle particelle ingerite, in particolare lo studio basato sul "Raman scattering microscopy" della Columbia University con lo studio guidato da Naixin Qian della Columbia graduate student in chemistry e del coautore Wei Min della Columbia biophysicist ha evidenziato come le precedenti stime di microplastiche nelle bottiglie d'acqua in plastica sottostimavano da 10 a 100 volte<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislazione">Legislazione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Legislazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Legislazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Microsfere_di_plastica" title="Microsfere di plastica">Microsfere di plastica</a></b> e <b><a href="/wiki/Trattato_globale_sull%27inquinamento_da_plastica" title="Trattato globale sull'inquinamento da plastica">Trattato globale sull'inquinamento da plastica</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Disegno di legge: Divieto del commercio di prodotti cosmetici contenenti microplastiche.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soluzioni_in_via_di_sviluppo">Soluzioni in via di sviluppo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Soluzioni in via di sviluppo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Soluzioni in via di sviluppo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nell'estate 2022 i ricercatori della <i><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> University</i> in Cina hanno progettato un pesce robotico in grado di assorbire microplastiche attraverso il proprio corpo<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Sempre nel 2022 i ricercatori del <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> di <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> hanno sviluppato un sistema <a href="/wiki/Biodegradazione" title="Biodegradazione">biodegradabile</a> basato sulla <a href="/wiki/Seta" title="Seta">seta</a> per sostituire la microplastica aggiunta a prodotti agricoli, vernici e cosmetici<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effetti_sulla_salute">Effetti sulla salute</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Effetti sulla salute" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Effetti sulla salute"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel 2019 l'OMS chiede maggiori ricerche sulle microplastiche in relazione alla salute umana a seguito dei risultati di un'analisi delle ricerche relative alle microplastiche nell'acqua potabile<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel 2024 è stato pubblicato il primo studio che dimostra il legame (non di causa-effetto) fra micro plastiche e malattie nell'uomo. La presenza di micro plastiche nelle placche dei vasi sanguigni determina uno stato infiammatorio che le rende più friabili e facile ad entrare nel torrente sanguigno, bloccando i vasi di diametro inferiore e causando infarti miocardici e ichtus cerebrale.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galleria_d'immagini"><span id="Galleria_d.27immagini"></span>Galleria d'immagini</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Galleria d'immagini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Galleria d'immagini"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microplastics_in_sediments.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Microplastiche nei sedimenti di quattro fiumi in Germania."><img alt="Microplastiche nei sedimenti di quattro fiumi in Germania." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Microplastics_in_sediments.jpg/120px-Microplastics_in_sediments.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Microplastics_in_sediments.jpg/180px-Microplastics_in_sediments.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Microplastics_in_sediments.jpg/240px-Microplastics_in_sediments.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="668" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Microplastiche nei sedimenti di quattro fiumi in Germania.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microplastic_sample.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Campioni di microplastica."><img alt="Campioni di microplastica." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Microplastic_sample.jpg/90px-Microplastic_sample.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Microplastic_sample.jpg/135px-Microplastic_sample.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Microplastic_sample.jpg/180px-Microplastic_sample.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2208" data-file-height="2944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Campioni di microplastica.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Photodegraded_Plastic_Bag.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sacchetto di plastica verde adiacente ad un sentiero escursionistico fotodegradato in circa 2.000 pezzi da 1 a 25 mm dopo tre mesi di esposizione all'aperto."><img alt="Sacchetto di plastica verde adiacente ad un sentiero escursionistico fotodegradato in circa 2.000 pezzi da 1 a 25 mm dopo tre mesi di esposizione all'aperto." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Photodegraded_Plastic_Bag.jpg/120px-Photodegraded_Plastic_Bag.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Photodegraded_Plastic_Bag.jpg/180px-Photodegraded_Plastic_Bag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Photodegraded_Plastic_Bag.jpg/240px-Photodegraded_Plastic_Bag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1745" data-file-height="1415" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sacchetto di plastica verde adiacente ad un sentiero escursionistico <a href="/wiki/Fotodegradazione" title="Fotodegradazione">fotodegradato</a> in circa 2.000 pezzi da 1 a 25 mm dopo tre mesi di esposizione all'aperto.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Football_field_microplastics.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="a) Campo da calcio in erba artificiale con gomma a terra (GTR) utilizzata per l'ammortizzazione. b) Microplastiche dello stesso campo, lavate via dalla pioggia, che si trovano in natura vicino a un ruscello."><img alt="a) Campo da calcio in erba artificiale con gomma a terra (GTR) utilizzata per l'ammortizzazione. b) Microplastiche dello stesso campo, lavate via dalla pioggia, che si trovano in natura vicino a un ruscello." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Football_field_microplastics.jpg/120px-Football_field_microplastics.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Football_field_microplastics.jpg/180px-Football_field_microplastics.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Football_field_microplastics.jpg/240px-Football_field_microplastics.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6088" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">a) Campo da calcio in <a href="/wiki/Erba_sintetica" title="Erba sintetica">erba artificiale</a> con gomma a terra (GTR) utilizzata per l'ammortizzazione. b) Microplastiche dello stesso campo, lavate via dalla pioggia, che si trovano in natura vicino a un ruscello.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaffe_og_mandarin_(5198912077).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Le tradizionali tazze da caffè di carta rilasciano molte nanoplastiche nell'acqua."><img alt="Le tradizionali tazze da caffè di carta rilasciano molte nanoplastiche nell'acqua." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kaffe_og_mandarin_%285198912077%29.jpg/120px-Kaffe_og_mandarin_%285198912077%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kaffe_og_mandarin_%285198912077%29.jpg/180px-Kaffe_og_mandarin_%285198912077%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kaffe_og_mandarin_%285198912077%29.jpg/240px-Kaffe_og_mandarin_%285198912077%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Le tradizionali tazze da caffè di carta rilasciano molte <a href="/wiki/Nanoplastica" title="Nanoplastica">nanoplastiche</a> nell'acqua.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nurdles_01_gentlemanrook.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="I pellet di materie plastiche (nurdles) sono classificati come microplastiche di origine primaria[57]."><img alt="I pellet di materie plastiche (nurdles) sono classificati come microplastiche di origine primaria[57]." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nurdles_01_gentlemanrook.jpg/120px-Nurdles_01_gentlemanrook.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nurdles_01_gentlemanrook.jpg/180px-Nurdles_01_gentlemanrook.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nurdles_01_gentlemanrook.jpg/240px-Nurdles_01_gentlemanrook.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2737" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">I <a href="/wiki/Pellet_di_materie_plastiche" title="Pellet di materie plastiche">pellet di materie plastiche</a> (nurdles) sono classificati come microplastiche di origine primaria<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nurdle_signboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Un cartello che incoraggia il pubblico a raccogliere i nurdles (pellet di materie plastiche di dimensioni inferiori a 5 mm utilizzati nell'industria della plastica[58]) per ridurne l'impatto negativo sull'ambiente costiero."><img alt="Un cartello che incoraggia il pubblico a raccogliere i nurdles (pellet di materie plastiche di dimensioni inferiori a 5 mm utilizzati nell'industria della plastica[58]) per ridurne l'impatto negativo sull'ambiente costiero." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Nurdle_signboard.jpg/116px-Nurdle_signboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Nurdle_signboard.jpg/174px-Nurdle_signboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Nurdle_signboard.jpg/233px-Nurdle_signboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="3169" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Un cartello che incoraggia il pubblico a raccogliere i nurdles (<a href="/wiki/Pellet_di_materie_plastiche" title="Pellet di materie plastiche">pellet di materie plastiche</a> di dimensioni inferiori a 5 mm utilizzati nell'industria della plastica<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) per ridurne l'impatto negativo sull'ambiente costiero.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microplastic_toxicity_assay_in_Daphnia_magna_-_1-s2.0-S0269749120360802-fx1_lrg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tossicità microplastica in Daphnia magna per microplastiche di polivinilcloruro (PVC), poliuretano (PUR) e acido polilattico (PLA)."><img alt="Tossicità microplastica in Daphnia magna per microplastiche di polivinilcloruro (PVC), poliuretano (PUR) e acido polilattico (PLA)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Microplastic_toxicity_assay_in_Daphnia_magna_-_1-s2.0-S0269749120360802-fx1_lrg.jpg/120px-Microplastic_toxicity_assay_in_Daphnia_magna_-_1-s2.0-S0269749120360802-fx1_lrg.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Microplastic_toxicity_assay_in_Daphnia_magna_-_1-s2.0-S0269749120360802-fx1_lrg.jpg/180px-Microplastic_toxicity_assay_in_Daphnia_magna_-_1-s2.0-S0269749120360802-fx1_lrg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Microplastic_toxicity_assay_in_Daphnia_magna_-_1-s2.0-S0269749120360802-fx1_lrg.jpg/240px-Microplastic_toxicity_assay_in_Daphnia_magna_-_1-s2.0-S0269749120360802-fx1_lrg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2213" data-file-height="856" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tossicità microplastica in <a href="/wiki/Daphnia_magna" title="Daphnia magna">Daphnia magna</a> per microplastiche di <a href="/wiki/Polivinilcloruro" title="Polivinilcloruro">polivinilcloruro</a> (PVC), <a href="/wiki/Poliuretano" title="Poliuretano">poliuretano</a> (PUR) e <a href="/wiki/Acido_polilattico" title="Acido polilattico">acido polilattico</a> (PLA).</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Browne, Mark A, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1021/es800249a"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatory system of the mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.)</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Environmental Science & Technology</span>, vol. 42, n. 13, 2008, pp. 5026–5031, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fes800249a">10.1021/es800249a</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.repubblica.it/ambiente/2016/06/18/news/microplastica_pesci-142089874/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Microplastica, il killer silenzioso dei pesci (Enrico Tarsia)</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">repubblica.it</span>, 18 giugno 2016. <small>URL consultato il 18 giugno 2016</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polo-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Polo_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Polo_3-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Polo_3-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Polo_3-3">d</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Eleonora Polo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.it/books/edition/L_isola_che_non_c_%C3%A8/cX3PDwAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=microplastiche+pneumatici&pg=PA88&printsec=frontcover"><span style="font-style:italic;">L'isola che non c'è. La plastica negli oceani fra mito e realtà</span></a>, edizioni Dedalo, p. 88. <small>URL consultato il 10 maggio 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/microplastiche"><span style="font-style:italic;">microplastiche nell'Enciclopedia Treccani</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repubblica.it/dossier/ambiente/rivoluzione-plastica/2019/11/19/news/microplastiche_nei_cosmetici_attenti_all_etichetta-241110111/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Microplastiche nei cosmetici, attenti all'etichetta</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">la Repubblica</span>, 19 novembre 2019. <small>URL consultato il 22 ottobre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.veganok.com/microplastiche-in-dentifrici-ed-esfolianti-un-grave-problema-ambientale/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Microplastiche in dentifrici ed esfolianti: un grave problema ambientale.</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">VEGANOK</span>, 8 marzo 2018. <small>URL consultato il 22 ottobre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Francesca Biagioli, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenme.it/lifestyle/bellezza/microplastiche-cosmetici-studio/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Microplastiche: si trovano in 9 cosmetici su 10, queste sono le marche note e utilizzate da tutti analizzate</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">greenMe</span>, 8 aprile 2022. <small>URL consultato il 22 ottobre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Evelyn Baleani, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nonsprecare.it/microplastiche-nei-cosmetici"><span style="font-style:italic;">Microplastiche nei cosmetici</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Non Sprecare</span>, 25 luglio 2022. <small>URL consultato il 22 ottobre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Arianna Bellasi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biopills.net/microplastiche-nei-cosmetici/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Microplastiche nei cosmetici</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">BioPills</span>, 20 maggio 2021. <small>URL consultato il 22 ottobre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liguori-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Liguori_10-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Liguori_10-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Riccardo Liguori, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkiesta.it/2020/09/inquinamento-montagna-microplastica"><span style="font-style:italic;">Inquinamento ad alta quota. 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nanoplastiche negli alimenti: una questione emergente</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.issalute.it/index.php/la-salute-dalla-a-alla-z-menu/m/microplastiche#effetti-sulla-salute-umana-e-sull%E2%80%99ambiente">Microplastiche</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412020322297?via%3Dihub">Plasticenta: First evidence of microplastics in human placenta</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ansa.it/canale_saluteebenessere/notizie/sanita/2020/12/09/trovate-per-la-prima-volta-microplastiche-nella-placenta-umana_745c993d-d6d8-4454-a315-52252c7ebdf9.html">Trovate per la prima volta microplastiche nella placenta umana</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biopills.net/individuate-microplastiche-nel-sangue-umano-e-la-prima-volta/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Individuate microplastiche nel sangue umano: è la prima volta</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">BioPills</span>, 26 marzo 2022.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969722020009">Detection of microplastics in human lung tissue using μFTIR spectroscopy</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilpost.it/2022/04/14/microplastiche-polmoni/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Le microplastiche nei nostri polmoni</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Il Post</span>, 14 aprile 2022. <small>URL consultato il 18 maggio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/news/bottled-water-can-contain-hundreds-thousands-nanoplastics">Bottled Water Can Contain Hundreds of Thousands of Nanoplastics</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.it/article/microplastiche-nanoplastiche-acqua-bottiglia-studio/">L’acqua in bottiglia contiene molte più microplastiche di quante pensiate</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senato.it/service/PDF/PDFServer/BGT/00993025.pdf#bkart_19"><span style="font-style:italic;">Divieto del commercio di prodotti cosmetici contenenti microplastiche</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), su <span style="font-style:italic;">senato.it</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenme.it/ambiente/rifiuti-e-riciclaggio/gli-scienziati-sviluppano-minuscoli-pesci-robotici-in-grado-di-assorbire-le-microplastiche-mentre-nuotano/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gli scienziati sviluppano minuscoli pesci robotici in grado di assorbire le microplastiche mentre nuotano</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">greenMe</span>, 23 giugno 2022. <small>URL consultato il 23 giugno 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Yuyan Wang, Gehong Su e Jin Li, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01375"><span style="font-style:italic;">Robust, Healable, Self-Locomotive Integrated Robots Enabled by Noncovalent Assembled Gradient Nanostructure</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Nano Letters</span>, 22 giugno 2022, pp. acs.nanolett.2c01375, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.2c01375">10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01375</a>. <small>URL consultato il 23 giugno 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jun/22/scientists-unveil-bionic-robo-fish-to-remove-microplastics-from-seas"><span style="font-style:italic;">Scientists unveil bionic robo-fish to remove microplastics from seas</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">the Guardian</span>, 22 giugno 2022. <small>URL consultato il 23 giugno 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecowatch.com/robotic-fish-microplastics.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Scientists Develop Robotic Fish That Consumes Microplastics</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">EcoWatch</span>, 22 giugno 2022. <small>URL consultato il 23 giugno 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/robot-fish-could-solve-the-oceans-microplastic-pollution-problem/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Robot fish could solve the ocean's microplastic pollution problem</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">BBC Science Focus Magazine</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 giugno 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ansa.it/canale_scienza_tecnica/notizie/ragazzi/news/2022/06/23/pronti-pesciolini-robot-mangiaplastica-ripuliscono-lacqua_4ac266f6-81b1-48b8-a742-45d721512db3.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pronti pesciolini-robot mangiaplastica, ripuliscono l’acqua - VIDEO - Scienza & Tecnica</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ANSA.it</span>, 23 giugno 2022. <small>URL consultato il 23 giugno 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohga.it/basta-microplastiche-nelle-capsule-di-farmaci-e-integratori-la-soluzione-e-un-nuovo-materiale-a-base-di-seta/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Basta microplastiche nelle capsule di farmaci e integratori: la soluzione è un nuovo materiale a base di seta</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Ohga!</span>. <small>URL consultato il 29 luglio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mit.edu/2022/silk-alternative-microplastics-0720"><span style="font-style:italic;">Silk offers an alternative to some microplastics</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology</span>. <small>URL consultato il 29 luglio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Polimerica.it, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polimerica.it/articolo.asp?id=28274"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dalla seta alternativa alle microplastiche aggiunte</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Polimerica.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 29 luglio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paintsquare.com/news/view/?25328"><span style="font-style:italic;">Study: Biodegradable Silk Offers Microplastic Alternative : PaintSquare News</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.paintsquare.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 29 luglio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news/item/22-08-2019-who-calls-for-more-research-into-microplastics-and-a-crackdown-on-plastic-pollution">WHO calls for more research into microplastics and a crackdown on plastic pollution</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.corriere.it/salute/24_marzo_06/microplastiche-nelle-placche-delle-arterie-piu-che-raddoppiato-il-rischio-di-infarto-e-ictus-lo-studio-italiano-1c1cf9ec-4d39-425c-a990-4823a6f7fxlk.shtml"><span style="font-style:italic;">Microplastiche nelle placche delle arterie: più che raddoppiato il rischio di infarto e ictus, lo studio italiano</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Corriere della Sera</span>, 6 marzo 2024. <small>URL consultato il 13 marzo 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19840690208"><span style="font-style:italic;">IMCO/FAO/UNESCO/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution (GESAMP): Reports and Studies No. 15. The Review of the Health of the Oceans. — 108 pp. Paris: Unesco 1982</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie</span>, vol. 69, n. 2, 1984, pp. 214–214, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Firoh.19840690208">10.1002/iroh.19840690208</a>. <small>URL consultato il 23 giugno 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nurdlehunt.org.uk/the-problem.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Problem</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Nurdles</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 giugno 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biomagnificazione" title="Biomagnificazione">Biomagnificazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquinamento_causato_dalla_plastica" title="Inquinamento causato dalla plastica">Inquinamento causato dalla plastica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquinamento_idrico" title="Inquinamento idrico">Inquinamento idrico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsfere_di_plastica" title="Microsfere di plastica">Microsfere di plastica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanoplastica" title="Nanoplastica">Nanoplastica</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Microplastic"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Microplastic?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Microplastic?uselang=it">microplastica</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microplastica&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marinedebris.noaa.gov">NOAA Marine Debris Program</a></li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.algalita.org/">Algalita Marine Research Foundation</a></li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLrVCI4N67M">The Great Pacific Garbage Patch</a> su <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/capt_charles_moore_on_the_seas_of_plastic.html">Capt. Charles Moore on the seas of plastic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111103105830/http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/capt_charles_moore_on_the_seas_of_plastic.html">Archiviato</a> il 3 novembre 2011 in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. – video su TED.com</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pelletwatch.org/">International Pellet Watch</a></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Amy Lusher, Peter Hollman e Jeremy Mendoza-Hill, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7677e.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Microplastics in fisheries and aquaculture: status of knowledge on their occurrence and implications for aquatic organisms and food safety</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper Nr. 615, Roma, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2017, <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> 2070-7010<span class="noprint plainlinks"> (<span title="Ricerca su WorldCat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/2070-7010&lang=it">WC</a></span> · <span title="Ricerca sul Catalogo Italiano dei Periodici"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acnpsearch.unibo.it/search?issn=2070-7010">ACNP</a></span>)</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=76117">76117</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2016001401">sh2016001401</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117071482X">117071482X</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007396295505171">987007396295505171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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