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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Různá_užití_slova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Různá_užití_slova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Různá užití slova</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Různá_užití_slova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vědecká_hypotéza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vědecká_hypotéza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vědecká hypotéza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vědecká_hypotéza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Obsah" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypotéza</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 96 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipotese" title="Hipotese – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hipotese" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipotesi" title="Hipotesi – aragonština" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hipotesi" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="فرضية – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرضية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B3tesis" title="Hipótesis – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hipótesis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipotez" title="Hipotez – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hipotez" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Гипотеза – baškirština" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гипотеза" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Гіпотэза – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гіпотэза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Гіпотэза – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гіпотэза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хипотеза – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хипотеза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA" title="অনুকল্প – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অনুকল্প" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipoteza" title="Hipoteza – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hipoteza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Гипотезо – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Гипотезо" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B2tesi" title="Hipòtesi – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hipòtesi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%86%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%B2" title="ھیپۆتێز – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیپۆتێز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipotesi" title="Ipotesi – korsičtina" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ipotesi" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Гипотеза – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гипотеза" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypotese" title="Hypotese – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hypotese" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothese" title="Hypothese – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hypothese" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Υπόθεση – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπόθεση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis" title="Hypothesis – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hypothesis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipotezo" title="Hipotezo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hipotezo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B3tesis_(m%C3%A9todo_cient%C3%ADfico)" title="Hipótesis (método científico) – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hipótesis (método científico)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCpotees" title="Hüpotees – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hüpotees" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipotesi" title="Hipotesi – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hipotesi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6%DB%8C%D9%87" title="فرضیه – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرضیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoteesi" title="Hypoteesi – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hypoteesi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoth%C3%A8se" title="Hypothèse – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hypothèse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipotesi" title="Ipotesi – furlanština" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ipotesi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="furlanština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoteze" title="Hypoteze – fríština (západní)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hypoteze" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fríština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipit%C3%A9is" title="Hipitéis – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hipitéis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B3tese" title="Hipótese – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hipótese" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2)" title="השערה (מדע) – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="השערה (מדע)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="परिकल्पना – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परिकल्पना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipoteza" title="Hipoteza – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hipoteza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipot%C3%A8z" title="Ipotèz – haitština" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ipotèz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipot%C3%A9zis" title="Hipotézis – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hipotézis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%A6" title="Հիպոթեզ – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիպոթեզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothese" title="Hypothese – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hypothese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipotesis" title="Hipotesis – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hipotesis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipotezo" title="Hipotezo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hipotezo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilg%C3%A1ta" title="Tilgáta – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tilgáta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipotesi" title="Ipotesi – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ipotesi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%AE%E8%AA%AC" title="仮説 – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="仮説" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%90" title="ჰიპოთეზა – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰიპოთეზა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Гипотеза – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гипотеза" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%84%A4" title="가설 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가설" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Гипотеза – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гипотеза" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis" title="Hypothesis – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hypothesis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipotez%C4%97" title="Hipotezė – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hipotezė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipot%C4%93ze" title="Hipotēze – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hipotēze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petra-kevitra" title="Petra-kevitra – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Petra-kevitra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хипотеза – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хипотеза" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8" title="പരികല്പന – malajálamština" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പരികല്പന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipotesis" title="Hipotesis – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hipotesis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="အဆိုပြုရှင်းလင်းချက် – barmština" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဆိုပြုရှင်းလင်းချက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipotesi" title="Ipotesi – neapolština" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ipotesi" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="परिकल्पना – nepálština" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="परिकल्पना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothese" title="Hypothese – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hypothese" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypotese" title="Hypotese – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hypotese" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypotese" title="Hypotese – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hypotese" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipot%C3%A8si" title="Ipotèsi – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ipotèsi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4" title="ਮਨੌਤ – paňdžábština" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਨੌਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="paňdžábština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipoteza" title="Hipoteza – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hipoteza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B3tese" title="Hipótese – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hipótese" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91awpariy_yuyay" title="Ñawpariy yuyay – kečuánština" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ñawpariy yuyay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipotez%C4%83" title="Ipoteză – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ipoteză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Гипотеза – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гипотеза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88" title="مفروضو – sindhština" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مفروضو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipoteza" title="Hipoteza – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hipoteza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="කල්පිතය – sinhálština" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කල්පිතය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis" title="Hypothesis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hypothesis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypot%C3%A9za" title="Hypotéza – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hypotéza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipoteza" title="Hipoteza – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hipoteza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisumamunyati" title="Chisumamunyati – šonština" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chisumamunyati" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipoteza" title="Hipoteza – albánština" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hipoteza" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хипотеза – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хипотеза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypotes" title="Hypotes – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hypotes" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhana" title="Dhana – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dhana" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கருதுகோள் – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கருதுகோள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A8" title="పరికల్పన – telugština" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పరికల్పన" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фарзия – tádžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фарзия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tádžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="สมมติฐาน – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมมติฐาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipotesis" title="Ipotesis – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ipotesis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipotez" title="Hipotez – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hipotez" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Гипотеза – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гипотеза" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Гіпотеза – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гіпотеза" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B6%DB%81" title="مفروضہ – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مفروضہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipoteza" title="Gipoteza – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gipoteza" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipotezi" title="Ipotezi – benátština" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ipotezi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="benátština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BA%A3_thuy%E1%BA%BFt" title="Giả thuyết – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giả thuyết" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipotesis" title="Hipotesis – warajština" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hipotesis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="假说 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="假说" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="假说 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="假说" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1-soat" title="Ká-soat – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ká-soat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA" title="假說 – kantonština" lang="yue" 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lang="cs" dir="ltr"><div class="noprint ambox labelced labelced-page labelced-page-type-content ambox-content plainlinks"> <div class="labelced_message"><div class="labelced_image ambox-image mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/48px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/72px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/96px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></span></span></div> <div class="labelced_message_inner"> <div class="labelced_message_headline ambox-text">Tento článek není dostatečně <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Uv%C3%A1d%C4%9Bn%C3%AD_zdroj%C5%AF" title="Wikipedie:Uvádění zdrojů">ozdrojován</a>, a může tedy obsahovat informace, které je třeba <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Ov%C4%9B%C5%99itelnost" title="Wikipedie:Ověřitelnost">ověřit</a>.</div> <div class="labelced_message_text hide-when-compact ambox-text">Jste-li s popisovaným předmětem seznámeni, pomozte doložit uvedená tvrzení doplněním <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Reference_ve_Vizu%C3%A1ln%C3%ADm_editoru" title="Nápověda:Reference ve Vizuálním editoru">referencí</a> na <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:V%C4%9Brohodn%C3%A9_zdroje" title="Wikipedie:Věrohodné zdroje">věrohodné zdroje</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> <p><b>Hypotéza</b> (<a href="/wiki/%C5%98e%C4%8Dtina" title="Řečtina">řecky</a> ϋπόθεσις <i>hypo-thesis</i>, podklad, <a href="/wiki/Princip" title="Princip">princip</a>, předpoklad) znamená výpověď, jejíž platnost se pouze předpokládá, ale je zároveň formulovaná tak, aby ji bylo možno potvrdit nebo vyvrátit. Původně právní a řečnický termín se stal základem empirické vědy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Různá_užití_slova"><span id="R.C5.AFzn.C3.A1_u.C5.BEit.C3.AD_slova"></span>Různá užití slova</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypot%C3%A9za&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Různá užití slova" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypot%C3%A9za&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Různá užití slova"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>V běžné řeči</b> znamená hypotéza předpoklad, tvrzení, jemuž se nedá plně věřit, a proto říkáme, že hypotéza může být odvážná nebo vratká. Každý z nás se mohl setkat s reakcí - odpovědí na nějaké naše tvrzení „to je jen pouhá hypotéza“. V běžném použití je dnes hypotéza zajímavé, ale neprokázané tvrzení, jehož platnost by měla být ověřena. V tomto smyslu se mluví také o hypotéze policejního vyšetřování, o hypotetické <a href="/wiki/Diagn%C3%B3za" title="Diagnóza">diagnóze</a> v lékařství a podobně. </p><p><b>V <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1vo" title="Právo">právu</a></b> znamená hypotéza tu část <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1vn%C3%AD_norma" title="Právní norma">právní normy</a>, která určuje podmínky, za kterých se má uplatnit pravidlo jednání obsažené v další části právní normy (dispozici). Příklad: "Kdo najde ztracenou věc (hypotéza), je povinen ji vrátit vlastníkovi (dispozice)" </p><p><b>V <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADrodn%C3%AD_v%C4%9Bdy" title="Přírodní vědy">přírodních vědách</a></b> znamená vědeckou hypotézu, výchozí předpoklad, který je třeba ověřovat a který je formulován tak, aby takové ověřování umožnil. Tvrzení, které žádné ověřování nepřipouští, nevyvratitelná hypotéza, není součástí empirické vědy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vědecká_hypotéza"><span id="V.C4.9Bdeck.C3.A1_hypot.C3.A9za"></span>Vědecká hypotéza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypot%C3%A9za&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Vědecká hypotéza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypot%C3%A9za&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Vědecká hypotéza"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vědecká hypotéza je přijatelný předpoklad umožňující vědecké vysvětlení nějakého jevu. Hypotéza je tvrzení o podstatě určité situace ve světě, je to vědecky zdůvodněný předpoklad možného stavu skutečnosti. Na počátku vědeckého poznání stojí domněnka, kterou hypotéza rozpracovává. Hypotéza již musí být podložena celou řadou faktů vytyčujících nám další směr výzkumu. Hypotéza vzniká, když pátráme po nutné souvislosti mezi fakty, vyžaduje práci badatele, aby mohla být potvrzena či vyvrácena. V tomto procesu je často možné fakta vyložit několika různými hypotézami, které pak v dalším bádání ověřujeme. Hypotéza musí být slučitelná s co největším počtem faktů, jichž se týká. Můžeme-li na základě faktů vytyčit více hypotéz, upřednostňujeme tu hypotézu, která vysvětluje větší počet faktů. Zároveň platí pravidlo <a href="/wiki/Occamova_b%C5%99itva" title="Occamova břitva">Occamovy břitvy</a>, tzn. že jednodušší vysvětlení je pravděpodobnější. Zjistíme-li v průběhu ověřování hypotézy další fakta, musíme je do vysvětlení zahrnout, nebo hypotézu vyvrátit. Hypotézu nelze nikdy dokázat, pouze potvrdit nebo vyvrátit. </p><p>V hypoteticko-deduktivních metodách by měla být hypotéza vyvratitelná v tom smyslu, že je možné, že se později prokáže její nepravdivost – obvykle pozorováním. Je tedy třeba podotknout, že pokud je hypotéza potvrzena, neznamená to nutně, že je i prokázána, zůstává nadále vyvratitelná. </p> <div class="noprint ambox labelced labelced-page labelced-page-type-content ambox-content plainlinks"> <div class="labelced_message"><div class="labelced_image ambox-image mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/48px-Broom_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/72px-Broom_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/96px-Broom_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="labelced_message_inner"> <div class="labelced_message_headline ambox-text">Tato část článku potřebuje úpravy.</div> <div class="labelced_message_text hide-when-compact ambox-text">Můžete Wikipedii pomoci tím, že ji <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypot%C3%A9za&action=edit">vylepšíte</a></span>. Jak by měly články vypadat, popisují stránky <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Vzhled_a_styl" title="Wikipedie:Vzhled a styl">Vzhled a styl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Encyklopedick%C3%BD_styl" title="Wikipedie:Encyklopedický styl">Encyklopedický styl</a> a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pr%C5%AFvodce_(odkazy)" title="Wikipedie:Průvodce (odkazy)">Odkazy</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> <p><b>Příklad:</b> kdo navštíví novou zemi a pozoruje pouze bílé ovce, může vytvořit hypotézu, že všechny ovce v té zemi jsou bílé. Tato hypotéza je vyvratitelná. Může být vyvrácena zpozorováním jediné černé ovce. Za předpokladu, že jsou experimentální neurčitosti malé (například, že je to koza, místo ovce) a že badatel správně interpretoval výrok hypotézy (například zahrnuje slovo „ovce“ také berany?), je hypotéza vyvrácená. </p><p>Zajímavý postoj k hypotézám zaujal ve svých <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophiae_naturalis_principia_mathematica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (stránka neexistuje)">Princípiích</a></i> Newton – výrok k hypotézám: „<i>Hypotheses non fingo</i>“ („Hypotézy nevymýšlím“). </p><p><b>Úloha hypotézy ve vědě a výzkumu:</b> </p> <ul><li>hypotéza je jedním z řešení, jak překlenout problém mezi teorií a empirií</li> <li>hypotéza je formulace, která vysvětlí naše pozorování</li> <li>hypotézu nemůžeme nikdy dokázat, jen potvrdit nebo vyvrátit</li> <li>hypotéza je nástrojem pro tvoření lepších výkladů, je formulovaná v takové podobě, v níž je testovatelná (formulace hypotézy je test, zda je daný jev možný)</li> <li>hypotézy nevysvětlují co „to“ je, ale jak „to“ poznat</li></ul> <ul><li>falešná hypotéza je vytvořená tak, že experimenty se nemohou ani potvrdit ani vyvrátit</li> <li>nerelevantní hypotéza je vytvořená tak, že nedochází k žádnému posunu, řešení.</li></ul> <p><b>Kritéria hypotézy:</b> </p> <ul><li>hypotéza je testovatelná (musí být způsob, jak ji vyvrátit)</li> <li>kompatibilita s dřívějšími hypotézami (kontinuita bádání)</li> <li>jednoduchost („nejsprávnější je ta, která je nejméně komplikovaná“)</li> <li>forma jistého tvrzení - pravidla hry</li></ul> <ul><li>Platón: pravidla relativizace - konfrontace mezi myšlením člověka a tím, kde vzniká nový teoretický jazyk</li> <li>realistický způsob zachycení myšlení, myšlenka hypotézy vychází z myšlenky dialogu</li> <li>hypotéza stanovuje pravidla výměny informací - „metodologický ideál“</li> <li>hypotéza je předběžná a nahraditelná</li> <li>hypotéza má zdůvodňovat, nikoliv být sama zdůvodňována (snaha vzdát se toho, v čem spočívá vědecká 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