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Zainal Abidin</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: M. S. Zainal Abidin"> <meta name="keywords" content="M. S. Zainal Abidin"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="M. 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S. Zainal Abidin"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 35</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: M. S. Zainal Abidin</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Steady State Simulation of Power Systems with Change in Topology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aidil%20Azwin%20Zainul%20Abidin">Aidil Azwin Zainul Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farrukh%20Hafiz%20Nagi"> Farrukh Hafiz Nagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Agileswari%20K.%20Ramasamy"> Agileswari K. Ramasamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Izham%20Zainal%20Abidin"> Izham Zainal Abidin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In power system protection, the need to know the load current together with the fault level detected by a relay is important. This is due to the fact that the relay is required to isolate the equipment being protected if a fault is present and keep the breaker associated with it closed if the current level is lower than the maximum load level. This is not an issue for a radial system. This is not the same however in a looped power system. In a looped power system, the isolation of an equipment system will contribute to a topology change. The change in the power system topology will then influence or change the maximum load current and the fault level detected by each relay. In this paper, a method of data collection for changing topology using matlab and sim-power will be presented. The method will take into consideration the change in topology and collect data for each possible topology.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Topology%20Change" title="Topology Change">Topology Change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Power%20System%20Protection" title=" Power System Protection"> Power System Protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Power%0D%0ASystem%20simulation" title=" Power System simulation"> Power System simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Matlab" title=" Matlab"> Matlab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sim-power." title=" Sim-power."> Sim-power.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16138/steady-state-simulation-of-power-systems-with-change-in-topology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16138/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16138/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16138/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16138/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16138/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16138/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16138/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16138/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16138/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16138/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1985</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Multi-threshold Approach for License Plate Recognition System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Norul%20Huda%20Sheikh%20Abdullah">Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farshid%20Pirahan%20Siah"> Farshid Pirahan Siah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nor%20Hanisah%20Haji%20Zainal%20Abidin"> Nor Hanisah Haji Zainal Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shahnorbanun%20Sahran"> Shahnorbanun Sahran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The objective of this paper is to propose an adaptive multi threshold for image segmentation precisely in object detection. Due to the different types of license plates being used, the requirement of an automatic LPR is rather different for each country. The proposed technique is applied on Malaysian LPR application. It is based on Multi Layer Perceptron trained by back propagation. The proposed adaptive threshold is introduced to find the optimum threshold values. The technique relies on the peak value from the graph of the number object versus specific range of threshold values. The proposed approach has improved the overall performance compared to current optimal threshold techniques. Further improvement on this method is in progress to accommodate real time system specification.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-threshold%20approach" title="Multi-threshold approach">Multi-threshold approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=license%20plate%20recognition%20system." title=" license plate recognition system."> license plate recognition system.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/multi-threshold-approach-for-license-plate-recognition-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Policy Management Framework for Managing Enterprise Policies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dahir%20A.%20Ga%27al">Dahir A. Ga'al</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wardah%20Zainal%20Abidin"> Wardah Zainal Abidin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Policy management in organizations became rising issue in the last decade. It’s because of today’s regulatory requirements in the organizations. To manage policies in large organizations is an imperative work. However, major challenges facing organizations in the last decade is managing all the policies in the organization and making them an active documents rather than simple (inactive) documents stored in computer hard drive or on a shelf. Because of this challenge, organizations need policy management program. This policy management program can be either manual or automated. This paper presents suggestions towards managing policies in organizations. As well as possible policy management solution or program to be utilized, manual or automated. The research first examines the models and frameworks used for managing policies from various perspectives in the literature of the research area/domain. At the end of this paper, a policy management framework is proposed for managing enterprise policies effectively and in a simplified manner.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Policy" title="Policy">Policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=policy%20management" title=" policy management"> policy management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=policy%20management%20program" title=" policy management program"> policy management program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=policy%20repository." title=" policy repository."> policy repository.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12801/policy-management-framework-for-managing-enterprise-policies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12801/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12801/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12801/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12801/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12801/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12801/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12801/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12801/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12801/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12801/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12801.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2618</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> A Video-Based Observation and Analysis Method to Assess Human Movement and Behaviour in Crowded Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shahrol%20Mohamaddan">Shahrol Mohamaddan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Keith%20Case"> Keith Case</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ana%20Sakura%20Zainal%20Abidin"> Ana Sakura Zainal Abidin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Human movement in the real world provides important information for developing human behaviour models and simulations. However, it is difficult to assess ‘real’ human behaviour since there is no established method available. As part of the AUNTSUE (Accessibility and User Needs in Transport – Sustainable Urban Environments) project, this research aimed to propose a method to assess human movement and behaviour in crowded areas. The method is based on the three major steps of video recording, conceptual behavior modelling and video analysis. The focus is on individual human movement and behaviour in normal situations (panic situations are not considered) and the interactions between individuals in localized areas. Emphasis is placed on gaining knowledge of characteristics of human movement and behaviour in the real world that can be modelled in the virtual environment.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Video%20observation" title="Video observation">Video observation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Human%20movement" title=" Human movement"> Human movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Behaviour" title=" Behaviour"> Behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Crowds" title=" Crowds"> Crowds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ergonomics" title=" Ergonomics"> Ergonomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=AUNT-SUE" title=" AUNT-SUE"> AUNT-SUE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999794/a-video-based-observation-and-analysis-method-to-assess-human-movement-and-behaviour-in-crowded-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999794/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999794/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999794/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999794/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999794/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999794/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999794/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999794/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999794/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999794/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Assessing the Corporate Identity of Malaysia Universities in the East Coast Region with the Market Conditions in Ensuring Self-Sustainability: A Study on Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Suffian%20H.%20Ayub">Suffian H. Ayub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20R.%20Hamzah"> Mohammed R. Hamzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nor%20H.%20Abdullah"> Nor H. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sharipah%20N.%20Syed%20Azmy"> Sharipah N. Syed Azmy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hishammudin%20S."> Hishammudin S.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The liberalisation of the education industry has exposed the institute of higher learning (IHL) in Malaysia to the financial challenges. Without good financial standing, public institution will rely on the government funding. Ostensibly, this contradicts with the government’s aspiration to make universities self-sufficient. With stiff competition from private institutes of higher learning, IHL need to be prepared at the forefront level. The corporate identity itself is the entrance to the world of higher learning and it is in this uniqueness, it will be able to distinguish itself from competitors. This paper examined the perception of the stakeholders at one of the public universities in the east coast region in Malaysia on the perceived reputation and how the university communicate its preparedness for self-sustainability through corporate identity. The findings indicated while the stakeholders embraced the challenges in facing the stiff competition and struggling market conditions, most of them felt the university should put more efforts in mobilising the corporate identity to its constituencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Communication" title="Communication">Communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=corporate%20identity" title=" corporate identity"> corporate identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=market%0D%0Aconditions" title=" market conditions"> market conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=universities." title=" universities."> universities.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002924/assessing-the-corporate-identity-of-malaysia-universities-in-the-east-coast-region-with-the-market-conditions-in-ensuring-self-sustainability-a-study-on-universiti-sultan-zainal-abidin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002924/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002924/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002924/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002924/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002924/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002924/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002924/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002924/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002924/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002924/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1946</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Architectural Building Safety and Health Performance Model for Stratified Low-Cost Housing: Education and Management Tool for Building Managers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zainal%20Abidin%20Akasah">Zainal Abidin Akasah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maizam%20Alias"> Maizam Alias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Azuin%20Ramli"> Azuin Ramli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The safety and health performances aspects of a building are the most challenging aspect of facility management. It requires a deep understanding by the building managers on the factors that contribute to health and safety performances. This study attempted to develop an explanatory architectural safety performance model for stratified low-cost housing in Malaysia. The proposed Building Safety and Health Performance (BSHP) model was tested empirically through a survey on 308 construction practitioners using partial least squares (PLS) and structural equation modelling (SEM) tool. Statistical analysis results supports the conclusion that architecture, building services, external environment, management approaches and maintenance management have positive influence on safety and health performance of stratified low-cost housing in Malaysia. The findings provide valuable insights for construction industry to introduce BSHP model in the future where the model could be used as a guideline for training purposes of managers and better planning and implementation of building management.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20management" title="Building management">Building management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stratified%20low-cost%20housing" title=" stratified low-cost housing"> stratified low-cost housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Safety%20and%20health%20model" title=" Safety and health model"> Safety and health model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001307/architectural-building-safety-and-health-performance-model-for-stratified-low-cost-housing-education-and-management-tool-for-building-managers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001307/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001307/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001307/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001307/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001307/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001307/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001307/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001307/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001307/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001307/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> JENOSYS: Application of a Web-Based Online Energy Performance Reporting Tool for Government Buildings in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Norhayati%20Mat%20Wajid">Norhayati Mat Wajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Murad%20Zainal%20Abidin"> Abdul Murad Zainal Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Faiz%20Fadzil"> Faiz Fadzil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Yusof%20Aizad%20Mukhtar"> Mohd Yusof Aizad Mukhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the areas that present an opportunity to reduce the national carbon emission is the energy management of public buildings. To our present knowledge, there is no easy-to-use and centralized mechanism that enables the government to monitor the overall energy performance, as well as the carbon footprint, of Malaysia’s public buildings. Therefore, the Public Works Department Malaysia, or PWD, has developed a web-based energy performance reporting tool called JENOSYS (JKR Energy Online System), which incorporates a database of utility account numbers acquired from the utility service provider for analysis and reporting. For test case purposes, 23 buildings under PWD were selected and monitored for their monthly energy performance (in kWh), carbon emission reduction (in tCO₂eq) and utility cost (in MYR), against the baseline. This paper demonstrates the simplicity with which buildings without energy metering can be monitored centrally and the benefits that can be accrued by the government in terms of building energy disclosure and concludes with the recommendation of expanding the system to all the public buildings in Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Energy-efficient%20buildings.%20energy%20management%20systems" title="Energy-efficient buildings. energy management systems">Energy-efficient buildings. energy management systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=government%20buildings" title=" government buildings"> government buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=JENOSYS." title=" JENOSYS."> JENOSYS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/jenosys-application-of-a-web-based-online-energy-performance-reporting-tool-for-government-buildings-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">932</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Temperature Distribution in Friction Stir Welding Using Finite Element Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Armansyah">Armansyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20P.%20Almanar"> I. P. Almanar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Saiful%20Bahari%20Shaari"> M. Saiful Bahari Shaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Shamil%20Jaffarullah"> M. Shamil Jaffarullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nur%E2%80%99amirah%20Busu"> Nur’amirah Busu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Arif%20Fadzleen%20Zainal%20Abidin"> M. Arif Fadzleen Zainal Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Amlie%20A.%20Kasim"> M. Amlie A. Kasim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>During welding, the amount of heat present in weld zones determines the quality of weldment produced. Thus, the heat distribution characteristics and its magnitude in weld zones with respect to process variables such as tool pin-shoulder rotational and traveling speed during welding is analyzed using thermal finite element analyses method. For this purpose, transient thermal finite element analyses are performed to model the temperatures distribution and its quantities in weld-zones with respect to process variables such as rotational speed and traveling speed during welding. Commercially available software Altair HyperWork is used to model three-dimensional tool pin-shoulder vs. workpieces and to simulate the friction stir process. The results show that increasing tool rotational speed, at a constant traveling speed, will increase the amount of heat generated in weld-zones. In contrary, increasing traveling speed, at constant tool pin-shoulder rotational speeds, will reduce the amount of heat generated in weld zones.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Frictions%20Stir%20Welding" title="Frictions Stir Welding">Frictions Stir Welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Temperature%20Distribution" title=" Temperature Distribution"> Temperature Distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Finite%20Element%20Method" title=" Finite Element Method"> Finite Element Method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Altair%20Hyperwork." title=" Altair Hyperwork."> Altair Hyperwork.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999542/temperature-distribution-in-friction-stir-welding-using-finite-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999542/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999542/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999542/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999542/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999542/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999542/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999542/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999542/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999542/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999542/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3958</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Using Thinking Blocks to Encourage the Use of Higher Order Thinking Skills among Students When Solving Problems on Fractions </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Halim%20Abdullah">Abdul Halim Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nur%20Liyana%20Zainal%20Abidin"> Nur Liyana Zainal Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahani%20Mokhtar"> Mahani Mokhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Problem-solving is an activity which can encourage students to use Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Learning fractions can be challenging for students since empirical evidence shows that students experience difficulties in solving the fraction problems. However, visual methods can help students to overcome the difficulties since the methods help students to make meaningful visual representations and link abstract concepts in Mathematics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were any changes in students’ HOTS at the four highest levels when learning the fractions by using Thinking Blocks. 54 students participated in a quasi-experiment using pre-tests and post-tests. Students were divided into two groups. The experimental group (n=32) received a treatment to improve the students’ HOTS and the other group acted as the control group (n=22) which used a traditional method. Data were analysed by using Mann-Whitney test. The results indicated that during post-test, students who used Thinking Blocks showed significant improvement in their HOTS level (p=0.000). In addition, the results of post-test also showed that the students’ performance improved significantly at the four highest levels of HOTS; namely, application (p=0.001), analyse (p=0.000), evaluate (p=0.000), and create (p=0.000). Therefore, it can be concluded that Thinking Blocks can effectively encourage students to use the four highest levels of HOTS which consequently enable them to solve fractions problems successfully. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thinking%20blocks" title="Thinking blocks">Thinking blocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=higher%20order%20thinking%20skills" title=" higher order thinking skills"> higher order thinking skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractions" title=" fractions"> fractions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=problem%20solving." title=" problem solving."> problem solving.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006278/using-thinking-blocks-to-encourage-the-use-of-higher-order-thinking-skills-among-students-when-solving-problems-on-fractions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006278/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006278/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006278/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006278/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006278/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006278/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006278/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006278/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006278/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006278/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Wireless Sensor Networks for Swiftlet Farms Monitoring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Al-Khalid%20Othman">Al-Khalid Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wan%20A.%20Wan%20Zainal%20Abidin"> Wan A. Wan Zainal Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kee%20M.%20Lee"> Kee M. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hushairi%20Zen"> Hushairi Zen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tengku.%20M.%20A.%20Zulcaffle"> Tengku. M. A. Zulcaffle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kuryati%20Kipli">Kuryati Kipli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper provides an in-depth study of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) application to monitor and control the swiftlet habitat. A set of system design is designed and developed that includes the hardware design of the nodes, Graphical User Interface (GUI) software, sensor network, and interconnectivity for remote data access and management. System architecture is proposed to address the requirements for habitat monitoring. Such applicationdriven design provides and identify important areas of further work in data sampling, communications and networking. For this monitoring system, a sensor node (MTS400), IRIS and Micaz radio transceivers, and a USB interfaced gateway base station of Crossbow (Xbow) Technology WSN are employed. The GUI of this monitoring system is written using a Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) along with Xbow Technology drivers provided by National Instrument. As a result, this monitoring system is capable of collecting data and presents it in both tables and waveform charts for further analysis. This system is also able to send notification message by email provided Internet connectivity is available whenever changes on habitat at remote sites (swiftlet farms) occur. Other functions that have been implemented in this system are the database system for record and management purposes; remote access through the internet using LogMeIn software. Finally, this research draws a conclusion that a WSN for monitoring swiftlet habitat can be effectively used to monitor and manage swiftlet farming industry in Sarawak. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Swiftlet" title="Swiftlet">Swiftlet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WSN" title=" WSN"> WSN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Habitat%20Monitoring" title=" Habitat Monitoring"> Habitat Monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Networking." title=" Networking."> Networking.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2613/wireless-sensor-networks-for-swiftlet-farms-monitoring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2613/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2613/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2613/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2613/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2613/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2613/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2613/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2613/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2613/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2613/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2756</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Effectiveness of a Malaysian Workplace Intervention Study on Physical Activity Levels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Bin%20Mohd%20Ghazali">M. Z. Bin Mohd Ghazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20C.%20Wilson"> N. C. Wilson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20F.%20Bin%20Ahmad%20Fuad"> A. F. Bin Ahmad Fuad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20A.%20H.%20B.%20Musa"> M. A. H. B. Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20U.%20Mohamad%20Sani"> M. U. Mohamad Sani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Zulkifli"> F. Zulkifli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20S.%20Zainal%20Abidin"> M. S. Zainal Abidin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Physical activity levels are low in Malaysia and this study was undertaken to determine if a four week work-based intervention program would be effective in changing physical activity levels. The study was conducted in a Malaysian Government Department and had three stages: baseline data collection, four-week intervention and two-month post intervention data collection. During the intervention and two-month post intervention phases, physical activity levels (determined by a pedometer) and basic health profiles (BMI, abdominal obesity, blood pressure) were measured. Staff (58 males, 47 females) with an average age of 33 years completed baseline data collection. Pedometer steps averaged 7,102 steps/day at baseline, although male step counts were significantly higher than females (7,861 vs. 6114). Health profiles were poor: over 50% were overweight/obese (males 66%, females 40%); hypertension (males 23%, females 6%); excess waist circumference (males 52%, females 17%). While 86 staff participated in the intervention, only 49 regularly reported their steps. There was a significant increase (17%) in average daily steps from 8,965 (week 1) to 10,436 (week 4). Unfortunately, participation in the intervention program was avoided by the less healthy staff. Two months after the intervention there was no significant difference in average steps/day, despite the fact that 89% of staff reporting they planned to make long-term changes to their lifestyle. An unexpected average increase of 2kg in body weight occurred in participants, although this was less than the 5.6kg in non-participants. A number of recommendations are made for future interventions, including the conclusion that pedometers were a useful tool and popular with participants.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pedometers" title="Pedometers">Pedometers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=walking" title=" walking"> walking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=intervention." title=" intervention."> intervention.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005508/effectiveness-of-a-malaysian-workplace-intervention-study-on-physical-activity-levels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005508/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005508/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005508/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005508/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005508/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005508/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005508/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005508/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005508/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005508/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Sustainability Analysis and Quality Assessment of Rainwater Harvested from Green Roofs: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mst.%20Nilufa%20Sultana">Mst. Nilufa Sultana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shatirah%20Akib"> Shatirah Akib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Aqeel%20Ashraf"> Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Roseli%20Zainal%20Abidin"> Mohamed Roseli Zainal Abidin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Most people today are aware that global climate change is not just a scientific theory but also a fact with worldwide consequences. Global climate change is due to rapid urbanization, industrialization, high population growth and current vulnerability of the climatic condition. Water is becoming scarce as a result of global climate change. To mitigate the problem arising due to global climate change and its drought effect, harvesting rainwater from green roofs, an environmentally-friendly and versatile technology, is becoming one of the best assessment criteria and gaining attention in Malaysia. This paper addresses the sustainability of green roofs and examines the quality of water harvested from green roofs in comparison to rainwater. The factors that affect the quality of such water, taking into account, for example, roofing materials, climatic conditions, the frequency of rainfall frequency and the first flush. A green roof was installed on the Humid Tropic Centre (HTC) is a place of the study on monitoring program for urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA), Eco-Hydrological Project in Kuala Lumpur, and the rainwater was harvested and evaluated on the basis of four parameters i.e., conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and temperature. These parameters were found to fall between Class I and Class III of the Interim National Water Quality Standards (INWQS) and the Water Quality Index (WQI). Some preliminary treatment such as disinfection and filtration could likely to improve the value of these parameters to class I. This review paper clearly indicates that there is a need for more research to address other microbiological and chemical quality parameters to ensure that the harvested water is suitable for use potable water for domestic purposes. The change in all physical, chemical and microbiological parameters with respect to storage time will be a major focus of future studies in this field.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Green%20roofs" title="Green roofs">Green roofs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=INWQS" title=" INWQS"> INWQS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MSMA-SME" title=" MSMA-SME"> MSMA-SME</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rainwater%0D%0Aharvesting." title=" Rainwater harvesting."> Rainwater harvesting.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001015/sustainability-analysis-and-quality-assessment-of-rainwater-harvested-from-green-roofs-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001015/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001015/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001015/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001015/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001015/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001015/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001015/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001015/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001015/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001015/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2902</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Toward a New Simple Analytical Formulation of Navier-Stokes Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gunawan%20Nugroho">Gunawan Nugroho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20S.%20Ali"> Ahmed M. S. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zainal%20A.%20Abdul%20Karim"> Zainal A. Abdul Karim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are reviewed in this work. Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved analytically. The Mathematical derivation shows that the solutions for the zero and constant pressure gradients are similar. Descriptions of the proposed formulation and validation against two laminar experiments and three different turbulent flow cases are reported in this paper. Even though, the analytical solution is derived for nonreacting flows, it could reproduce trends for cases including combustion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Navier-Stokes%20Equations" title="Navier-Stokes Equations">Navier-Stokes Equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=potential%20function" title=" potential function"> potential function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=turbulent%20flows." title=" turbulent flows."> turbulent flows.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6484/toward-a-new-simple-analytical-formulation-of-navier-stokes-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6484/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6484/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6484/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6484/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6484/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6484/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6484/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6484/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6484/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6484/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Achieving High Availability by Implementing Beowulf Cluster</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.F.A.%20Abidin">A.F.A. Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.S.M.%20Usop"> N.S.M. Usop</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A computer cluster is a group of tightly coupled computers that work together closely so that in many respects they can be viewed as though they are a single computer. The components of a cluster are commonly, but not always, connected to each other through fast local area networks. Clusters are usually deployed to improve performance and/or availability over that provided by a single computer, while typically being much more cost-effective than single computers of comparable speed or availability. This paper proposed the way to implement the Beowulf Cluster in order to achieve high performance as well as high availability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Beowulf%20Cluster" title="Beowulf Cluster">Beowulf Cluster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=grid%20computing" title=" grid computing"> grid computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GridMPI" title=" GridMPI"> GridMPI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MPICH." title=" MPICH."> MPICH.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15548/achieving-high-availability-by-implementing-beowulf-cluster" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15548/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15548/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15548/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15548/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15548/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15548/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15548/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15548/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15548/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15548/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1677</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Evaluation of Housing Defects in Build-Then- Sell Houses: A Study of Six Residential Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20N.%20F.%20Mohd%20Fauzi">S. N. F. Mohd Fauzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Yusof"> N. Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Zainul%20Abidin"> N. Zainul Abidin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Build-Then-Sell (BTS) is a novel system implemented in Malaysia after a number of complaints have been received from buyers in the preceding Sell-Then-Build (STB) system. When the government announced the implementation of the BTS in 2007, proponents of BTS have asserted that the new system will provide houses with low level of defects. Their argument however is not supported by any empirical data. Hence, this study is conducted to evaluate the housing defects in BTS houses. Six BTS residential areas have been surveyed to collect the defects data. Questionnaires were administered directly to the occupiers in each of the BTS houses through door-to-door visits. The result has shown that the rate of defects for the six residential areas is ranged from minor to slight, which only affect the aesthetic value of the house. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Build-Then-Sell%20houses" title="Build-Then-Sell houses">Build-Then-Sell houses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=housing%20defects" title=" housing defects"> housing defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=residential%0Aareas" title=" residential areas"> residential areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=occupiers" title=" occupiers"> occupiers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6268/evaluation-of-housing-defects-in-build-then-sell-houses-a-study-of-six-residential-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6268/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6268/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6268/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6268/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6268/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6268/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6268/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6268/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6268/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6268/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1951</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Study of Efficiency and Capability LZW++ Technique in Data Compression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yusof.%20Mohd%20Kamir">Yusof. Mohd Kamir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mat%20Deris.%20Mohd%20Sufian"> Mat Deris. Mohd Sufian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abidin.%20Ahmad%20Faisal%20Amri"> Abidin. Ahmad Faisal Amri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The purpose of this paper is to show efficiency and capability LZWµ in data compression. The LZWµ technique is enhancement from existing LZW technique. The modification the existing LZW is needed to produce LZWµ technique. LZW read one by one character at one time. Differ with LZWµ technique, where the LZWµ read three characters at one time. This paper focuses on data compression and tested efficiency and capability LZWµ by different data format such as doc type, pdf type and text type. Several experiments have been done by different types of data format. The results shows LZWµ technique is better compared to existing LZW technique in term of file size.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Data%20Compression" title="Data Compression">Data Compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Huffman%20Encoding" title=" Huffman Encoding"> Huffman Encoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LZW" title=" LZW"> LZW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LZW%C2%B5" title="LZWµ">LZWµ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RLL" title=" RLL"> RLL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Size." title=" Size."> Size.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1431/study-of-efficiency-and-capability-lzw-technique-in-data-compression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1431/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1431/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1431/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1431/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1431/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1431/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1431/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1431/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1431/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1431/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2089</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Development of Split Air-Conditioning System using Chill Water as the Cooling Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Faezzan%20Madli">Faezzan Madli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zamri%20Noranai"> Zamri Noranai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Md.%20Norrizam%20Mohamad%20Jaat"> Md. Norrizam Mohamad Jaat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamidon%20Salleh"> Hamidon Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Zainal%0AMd%20Yusof"> Mohammad Zainal Md Yusof</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current air conditioning system is using refrigerant as the cooling medium. The main purpose of this study is to develop an air conditioning system using chill water as the cooling medium. In this system, chill water used to replace refrigerant as the cooling medium. This study is focus on the split type unit air conditioning system only. It will be involving some renovation on the indoor unit and freezer. The cooling capability of this system was validate by few series of testing, which conducted at standard 36m3 office room. Result of the testing found that 0.1 m3 of chill water is able to maintain the room temperature within standard up to 4 ~ 8 hours. It expected able to maintain room temperature up to 10 hour with some improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chill%20water" title="Chill water">Chill water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=air-condition" title=" air-condition"> air-condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=office%20room." title=" office room."> office room.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10354/development-of-split-air-conditioning-system-using-chill-water-as-the-cooling-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10354/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10354/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10354/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10354/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10354/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10354/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10354/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10354/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10354/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10354/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2867</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Main Elements of Soft Cost in Green Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Zahirah%20M.A.">Nurul Zahirah M.A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Zainul%20Abidin"> N. Zainul Abidin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green buildings have been commonly cited to be more expensive than conventional buildings. However, limited research has been conducted to clearly identify elements that contribute to this cost differential. The construction cost of buildings can be typically divided into “hard" costs and “soft" cost elements. Using a review analysis of existing literature, the study identified six main elements in green buildings that contribute to the general cost elements that are “soft" in nature. The six elements found are insurance, developer-s experience, design cost, certification, commissioning and energy modeling. Out of the six elements, most literatures have highlighted the increase in design cost for green design as compared to conventional design due to additional architectural and engineering costs, eco-charettes, extra design time, and the further need for a green consultant. The study concluded that these elements of soft cost contribute to the green premium or cost differential of green buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Green%20building" title="Green building">Green building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cost%20differential" title=" cost differential"> cost differential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=soft%20cost" title=" soft cost"> soft cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=intangible%0Acost." title=" intangible cost."> intangible cost.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/main-elements-of-soft-cost-in-green-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2778</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Solving Directional Overcurrent Relay Coordination Problem Using Artificial Bees Colony</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20H.%20Hussain">M. H. Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Musirin"> I. Musirin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20F.%20Abidin"> A. F. Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20R.%20A.%20Rahim"> S. R. A. Rahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents the implementation of Artificial Bees Colony (ABC) algorithm in solving Directional OverCurrent Relays (DOCRs) coordination problem for near-end faults occurring in fixed network topology. The coordination optimization of DOCRs is formulated as linear programming (LP) problem. The objective function is introduced to minimize the operating time of the associated relay which depends on the time multiplier setting. The proposed technique is to taken as a technique for comparison purpose in order to highlight its superiority. The proposed algorithms have been tested successfully on 8 bus test system. The simulation results demonstrated that the ABC algorithm which has been proved to have good search ability is capable in dealing with constraint optimization problems.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Artificial%20bees%20colony" title="Artificial bees colony">Artificial bees colony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=directional%20overcurrent%20relay%20coordination%20problem" title=" directional overcurrent relay coordination problem"> directional overcurrent relay coordination problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relay%20settings" title=" relay settings"> relay settings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=time%20multiplier%20setting." title=" time multiplier setting."> time multiplier setting.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998279/solving-directional-overcurrent-relay-coordination-problem-using-artificial-bees-colony" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998279/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998279/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998279/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998279/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998279/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998279/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998279/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998279/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998279/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998279/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998279.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Measuring the Level of Housing Defects in the Build-Then-Sell Housing Delivery System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20N.%20F.%20Mohd%20Fauzi">S. N. F. Mohd Fauzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Yusof"> N. Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Zainul%20Abidin"> N. Zainul Abidin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>When the Malaysian government announced the implementation of the Build-Then-Sell (BTS) system in 2007, the proponents of the BTS have argued that the implementation of this new system may provide houses with low defects. However, there has been no empirical data to support their argument. Therefore, this study is conducted to measure the level of housing defects in the BTS housing delivery system. A survey was conducted to the occupiers in six BTS residential areas. The BTS residential areas have been identified through the media and because of the small number of population, all households in the BTS residential areas were required to participate in the study to enable the researcher to collect the data concerning defects. Questionnaire had been employed as the data collection instrument and was distributed to the respondents of this study. The result has shown that the level of defects in the BTS houses is low, as the rate of defects for all elements are slight. Such low level of defects has apparently only affected the aesthetic value of the houses.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Build-Then-Sell%20houses" title="Build-Then-Sell houses">Build-Then-Sell houses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=housing%20defects" title=" housing defects"> housing defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=residentialareas" title=" residentialareas"> residentialareas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=occupiers" title=" occupiers"> occupiers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9183/measuring-the-level-of-housing-defects-in-the-build-then-sell-housing-delivery-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9183/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9183/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9183/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9183/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9183/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9183/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9183/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9183/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9183/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9183/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1924</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Sustainable Construction in Malaysia – Developers- Awareness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nazirah%20Zainul%20Abidin">Nazirah Zainul Abidin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The creation of a sustainable future depends on the knowledge and involvement of the people, as well as an understanding of the consequences of individual actions. Construction industry has long been associated with the detrimental effects to our mother earth. In Malaysia, the government, professional bodies and private companies are beginning to take heed in the necessity to reduce this environmental problem without restraining the need for development. This paper focuses on the actions undertaken by the Malaysian government, non-government organizations and construction players in promoting sustainability in construction. To ensure that those concerted efforts are not only skin deep in its impact, a survey was conducted to investigate the awareness of the developers regarding this issue and whether those developers has absorb the concept of sustainable construction in their current practices. The survey revealed that although the developers are aware of the rising issues on sustainability, little efforts are generated from them in implementing it. More effort is necessary to boost this application and further stimulate actions and strategies towards a sustainable built environment.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Environmental%20sustainability" title="Environmental sustainability">Environmental sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malaysian%0D%0Aconstruction%20industry" title=" Malaysian construction industry"> Malaysian construction industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malaysian%20developers" title=" Malaysian developers"> Malaysian developers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sustainable%0D%0Aconstruction." title=" Sustainable construction."> Sustainable construction.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1992/sustainable-construction-in-malaysia-developers-awareness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1992/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1992/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1992/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1992/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1992/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1992/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1992/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1992/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1992/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1992/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4594</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> A Foresight into Green Housing Industry in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Zainul%20Abidin">N. Zainul Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Yusof"> N. Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Awang"> H. Awang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bringing change to the housing industry requires multiple efforts from various angles especially to overcome any resistances in the form of technology, human aspects, financial and resources. The transition from conventional to sustainable approach consumes time as it requires changes from different facets in the industry ranging from individual, organisational to industry level. In Malaysia, there are various efforts to bring green into the industry but the progress is low-moderate. Will the current efforts bear larger fruits in the near future? This study examines the perceptions of the developers in Malaysia on the future of the green housing sector for the next 5 years. The introduction of GBI rating system, improvement of awareness and knowledge among the stakeholders, support from the government and local industry and the effect of competitive advantage would support brighter future. Meanwhile, the status quo in rules and regulation, lack of public interest and demand, organization disinterest, local authority enforcement and project cost escalation would hinder a faster progress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Developers" title="Developers">Developers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Green%20Concept" title=" Green Concept"> Green Concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Housing%20Industry" title=" Housing Industry"> Housing Industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sustainable%20Construction" title=" Sustainable Construction"> Sustainable Construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13594/a-foresight-into-green-housing-industry-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13594/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13594/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13594/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13594/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13594/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13594/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13594/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13594/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13594/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13594/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13594.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4583</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Identification of Factors Influencing Costs in Green Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nazirah%20Zainul%20Abidin">Nazirah Zainul Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Zahirah%20Mokhtar%20Azizi"> Nurul Zahirah Mokhtar Azizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cost has always been the leading concern in green building development. The perception that construction cost for green building is higher than conventional buildings has only made the discussion of green building cost more difficult. Understanding the factors that will influence the cost of green construction is expected to shed light into what makes green construction more or at par with conventional projects, or perhaps, where cost can be optimised. This paper identifies the elements of cost before shifting the attention to the influencing factors. Findings from past studies uncovered various factors related to cost which are grouped into five focal themes i.e. awareness, knowledge, financial, technical, and government support. A conceptual framework is produced in a form of a flower diagram indicating the cost influencing factors of green building development. These factors were found to be both physical and non-physical aspects of a project. The framework provides ground for the next stage of research that is to further explore how these factors influence the project cost and decision making. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Green%20project" title="Green project">Green project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=factors%20influencing%20cost" title=" factors influencing cost"> factors influencing cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hard%20cost" title=" hard cost"> hard cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=soft%20cost." title=" soft cost. "> soft cost. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005358/identification-of-factors-influencing-costs-in-green-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005358/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005358/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005358/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005358/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005358/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005358/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005358/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005358/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005358/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005358/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Motivation and Expectation of Developers on Green Construction: A Conceptual View</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Diyana">Nurul Diyana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A."> A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zainul%20Abidin"> Zainul Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N."> N.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Social cognitive theory explains the power to inaugurate change is determined by the mutual influence of personal proclivity and social factors which will shape ones- motivations and expectations. In construction industry, green concept offers an opportunity to leave a lighter footprint on the environment. This opportunity, however, has not been fully grasped by many countries. As such, venturing into green construction for many practitioners would be their maiden experience. Decision to venture into new practice such as green construction will be influenced by certain drivers. This paper explores these drivers which is further expanded into motivational factors and later becomes the platform upon which expectation for green construction stands. This theoretical concept of motivation and expectations, which is adapted from social cognitive theory, focus on developers- view because of their crucial role in green application. This conceptual framework, which serves as the basis for further research, will benefit the industry as it elucidate cognitive angles to attract more new entrants to green business.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Developers" title="Developers">Developers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Green%20Construction" title=" Green Construction"> Green Construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Motivation" title=" Motivation"> Motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Expectation" title=" Expectation"> Expectation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Social%20Cognitive%20Theory." title=" Social Cognitive Theory."> Social Cognitive Theory.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11588/motivation-and-expectation-of-developers-on-green-construction-a-conceptual-view" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11588/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11588/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11588/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11588/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11588/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11588/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11588/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11588/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11588/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11588/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4736</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Total Lipid of Mutant Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Azlin%20S%20Azmi">Azlin S Azmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mus%E2%80%99ab%20Zainal"> Mus’ab Zainal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sarina%20Sulaiman"> Sarina Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Azura%20Amid"> Azura Amid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zaki%20Zainudin"> Zaki Zainudin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Microalgae lipid is a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. The objective of this work was to study growth factors affecting marine mutant <em>Synechococcus </em>sp<em>.</em> (PCC 7002) for high lipid production. Four growth factors were investigated; nitrogen-phosporus-potassium (NPK) concentration, light intensity, temperature and NaNO<sub>3</sub> concentration on mutant strain growth and lipid production were studied. Design Expert v8.0 was used to design the experimental and analyze the data. The experimental design selected was Min-Run Res IV which consists of 12 runs and the response surfaces measured were specific growth rate and lipid concentration. The extraction of lipid was conducted by chloroform/methanol solvents system. Based on the study, mutant <em>Synechococcus </em>sp<em>.</em> PCC 7002 gave the highest specific growth rate of 0.0014 h<sup>-1</sup> at 0% NPK, 2500 lux, 40<sup>o</sup>C and 0% NaNO<sub>3</sub>. On the other hand, the highest lipid concentration was obtained at 0% NPK, 3500 lux, 30<sup>o</sup>C and 1% NaNO<sub>3</sub>.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">Cyanobacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lipid" title=" lipid"> lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mutant" title=" mutant"> mutant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=marine%20Synechococcus%20sp.%20PCC%207002" title=" marine Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002"> marine Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=specific%20growth%20rate." title=" specific growth rate. "> specific growth rate. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998244/total-lipid-of-mutant-synechococcus-sp-pcc-7002" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998244/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998244/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998244/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998244/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998244/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998244/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998244/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998244/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998244/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998244/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2670</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Physical Verification Flow on Multiple Foundries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Abdul%20Wahab">R. Abdul Wahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Mohd%20Fuad%20Tengku%20Aziz"> R. Mohd Fuad Tengku Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Othman"> N. Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Saleh"> S. Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Razali"> N. Razali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Al%20Baqir%20Zinal%20Abidin"> M. Al Baqir Zinal Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Hanif%20Md%20Nasir"> M. Hanif Md Nasir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper will discuss how we optimize our physical verification flow in our IC Design Department having various rule decks from multiple foundries. Our ultimate goal is to achieve faster time to tape-out and avoid schedule delay. Currently the physical verification runtimes and memory usage have drastically increased with the increasing number of design rules, design complexity, and the size of the chips to be verified. To manage design violations, we use a number of solutions to reduce the amount of violations needed to be checked by physical verification engineers. The most important functions in physical verifications are DRC (design rule check), LVS (layout vs. schematic), and XRC (extraction). Since we have a multiple number of foundries for our design tape-outs, we need a flow that improve the overall turnaround time and ease of use of the physical verification process. The demand for fast turnaround time is even more critical since the physical design is the last stage before sending the layout to the foundries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Physical%20verification" title="Physical verification">Physical verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DRC" title=" DRC"> DRC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LVS" title=" LVS"> LVS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=XRC" title=" XRC"> XRC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flow" title=" flow"> flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=foundry" title=" foundry"> foundry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=runset." title=" runset."> runset.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002417/physical-verification-flow-on-multiple-foundries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002417/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002417/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002417/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002417/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002417/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002417/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002417/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002417/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002417/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002417/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Digital Social Networks: Examining the Knowledge Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Aini%20M.%20Nordan">Nurul Aini M. Nordan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20I.%20Z.%20Abidin"> Ahmad I. Z. Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20K.%20Mahmood"> Ahmad K. Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noreen%20I.%20Arshad"> Noreen I. Arshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today-s information age, numbers of organizations are still arguing on capitalizing the values of Information Technology (IT) and Knowledge Management (KM) to which individuals can benefit from and effective communication among the individuals can be established. IT exists in enabling positive improvement for communication among knowledge workers (k-workers) with a number of social network technology domains at workplace. The acceptance of digital discourse in sharing of knowledge and facilitating the knowledge and information flows at most of the organizations indeed impose the culture of knowledge sharing in Digital Social Networks (DSN). Therefore, this study examines whether the k-workers with IT background would confer an effect on the three knowledge characteristics -- conceptual, contextual, and operational. Derived from these three knowledge characteristics, five potential factors will be examined on the effects of knowledge exchange via e-mail domain as the chosen query. It is expected, that the results could provide such a parameter in exploring how DSN contributes in supporting the k-workers- virtues, performance and qualities as well as revealing the mutual point between IT and KM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Digital%20social%20networks" title="Digital social networks">Digital social networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=e-mail" title=" e-mail"> e-mail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=knowledge%0Amanagement" title=" knowledge management"> knowledge management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=knowledge%20worker." title=" knowledge worker."> knowledge worker.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/digital-social-networks-examining-the-knowledge-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Classification of Precipitation Types Detected in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Badron">K. Badron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20F.%20Ismail"> A. F. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20L.%20Asnawi"> A. L. Asnawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20F.%20A.%20Malik"> N. F. A. Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Z.%20Abidin"> S. Z. Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Dzulkifly"> S. Dzulkifly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The occurrences of precipitation, also commonly referred as rain, in the form of "convective" and "stratiform" have been identified to exist worldwide. In this study, the radar return echoes or known as reflectivity values acquired from radar scans have been exploited in the process of classifying the type of rain endured. The investigation use radar data from Malaysian Meteorology Department (MMD). It is possible to discriminate the types of rain experienced in tropical region by observing the vertical characteristics of the rain structure. .Heavy rain in tropical region profoundly affects radiowave signals, causing transmission interference and signal fading. Required wireless system fade margin depends on the type of rain. Information relating to the two mentioned types of rain is critical for the system engineers and researchers in their endeavour to improve the reliability of communication links. This paper highlights the quantification of percentage occurrences over one year period in 2009. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stratiform" title="Stratiform">Stratiform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=convective" title=" convective"> convective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tropical%20region" title=" tropical region"> tropical region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=attenuation%0D%0Aradar%20reflectivity." title=" attenuation radar reflectivity."> attenuation radar reflectivity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003937/classification-of-precipitation-types-detected-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003937/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003937/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003937/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003937/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003937/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003937/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003937/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003937/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003937/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003937/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Detection of Sags, Swells, and Transients Using Windowing Technique Based On Continuous S-Transform (CST)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Daud">K. Daud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20F.%20Abidin"> A. F. Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Hamzah"> N. Hamzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20S.%20Nagindar%20Singh"> H. S. Nagindar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper produces a new approach for power quality analysis using a windowing technique based on Continuous S-transform (CST). This half-cycle window technique approach can detect almost correctly for initial detection of disturbances i.e. voltage sags, swells, and transients. Samples in half cycle window has been analyzed based continuous S-transform for entire disturbance waveform. The modified parameter has been produced by MATLAB programming m-file based on continuous s-transform. CST has better time frequency and localization property than traditional and also has ability to detect the disturbance under noisy condition correctly. The excellent time-frequency resolution characteristic of the CST makes it the most an attractive candidate for analysis of power system disturbances signals.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Power%20quality%20disturbances" title="Power quality disturbances">Power quality disturbances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=initial%20detection" title=" initial detection"> initial detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=half%20cycle%20windowing" title=" half cycle windowing"> half cycle windowing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=continuous%20S-transform." title=" continuous S-transform."> continuous S-transform.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996905/detection-of-sags-swells-and-transients-using-windowing-technique-based-on-continuous-s-transform-cst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996905/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996905/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996905/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996905/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996905/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996905/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996905/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996905/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996905/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996905/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2049</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Development of Cooling Demand by Computerize</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bobby%20Anak%20John">Bobby Anak John</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zamri%20Noranai"> Zamri Noranai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Md.%20Norrizam%20Mohmad%20Jaat"> Md. Norrizam Mohmad Jaat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamidon%20Salleh"> Hamidon Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%0AZainal%20Md%20Yusof"> Mohammad Zainal Md Yusof</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air conditioning is mainly use as human comfort cooling medium. It use more in high temperatures are country such as Malaysia. Proper estimation of cooling load will archive ideal temperature. Without proper estimation can lead to over estimation or under estimation. The ideal temperature should be comfort enough. This study is to develop a program to calculate an ideal cooling load demand, which is match with heat gain. Through this study, it is easy to calculate cooling load estimation. Objective of this study are to develop user-friendly and easy excess cooling load program. This is to insure the cooling load can be estimate by any of the individual rather than them using rule-of-thumb. Developed software is carryout by using Matlab-GUI. These developments are only valid for common building in Malaysia only. An office building was select as case study to verify the applicable and accuracy of develop software. In conclusion, the main objective has successfully where developed software is user friendly and easily to estimate cooling load demand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cooling%20Load" title="Cooling Load">Cooling Load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heat%20Gain" title=" Heat Gain"> Heat Gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20and%20GUI." title=" Building and GUI."> Building and GUI.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1618/development-of-cooling-demand-by-computerize" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1618/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1618/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1618/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn 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