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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">WWII era internment camp for Japanese–Americans</div> <p>The <b>Catalina Federal Honor Camp</b>, or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Tucson_%28detention_facility%29/">Tucson Federal Prison Camp</a>, located in the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina_Mountains" title="Santa Catalina Mountains">Santa Catalina Mountains</a>, held men subject to the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans" title="Internment of Japanese Americans">incarceration of Japanese Americans</a>. It had no security fence, boundaries were marked with stones painted white. 45 of the 46 prisoners were draft resisters and objectors of conscience transferred from camps in Colorado, Arizona and Utah, although <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Hirabayashi" title="Gordon Hirabayashi">Gordon Hirabayashi</a>, who had challenged the exclusion of Japanese Americans from the West Coast, was also held here.<sup id="cite_ref-Densho_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Densho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The camp was established in the Coronado National Forest in 1939, under the authority of the U.S. Bureau of Prisons, with plans to use inmate labor to build a highway connecting <a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a> to the mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-Densho_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Densho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Expanded in the 1940s, the Honor Camp consisted of four prisoner barracks, a mess hall, laundry facilities, power and storage facilities, a garage, a vocational shop, one classroom, an administration building, fifteen cottages for prison staff, and water and sewage systems; a baseball field and farmland were also part of the Honor Camp facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the draft resisters brought to the camp were transferred from the <a href="/wiki/Granada_War_Relocation_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Granada War Relocation Center">Amache</a>, Colorado (a concentration camp), although others came from <a href="/wiki/Poston_War_Relocation_Center" title="Poston War Relocation Center">Poston</a>, Arizona and <a href="/wiki/Topaz_War_Relocation_Center" title="Topaz War Relocation Center">Topaz</a>, Utah; all were transported in leg irons and under armed guard.<sup id="cite_ref-Densho_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Densho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gordon Hirabayashi, on the other hand, convicted in 1943 of violating one of the civilian exclusion orders against Japanese Americans when he refused to go along with the government "relocation", hitchhiked from <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a> to the Catalina labor camp.<sup id="cite_ref-Lyon_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lyon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inmates performed road work for what would become the <a href="/wiki/Catalina_Highway" title="Catalina Highway">Catalina Highway</a>, drilling holes for dynamite, breaking rocks with sledgehammers and clearing trees, as well as growing food and cooking for the prison population.<sup id="cite_ref-Densho_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Densho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPS_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hirabayashi served out his two 90-day sentences, and the draft resisters were pardoned in 1947,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the prison remained open until the highway was completed in 1951, when it became a labor camp for juvenile offenders.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1967, the State of Arizona took over the camp and converted it to a youth rehabilitation center. The rehabilitation center closed in 1973 and the buildings were destroyed soon after, but many foundations and walls of the old structures remain. Today, the site serves as a campground and trail head, and is known as the Gordon Hirabayashi Recreation Site to honor the camp's most well-known inmate<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (whose conviction was <a href="/wiki/Hirabayashi_v._United_States" title="Hirabayashi v. United States">overturned</a> in 1987, after it was discovered that government officials withheld evidence that would have supported his case).<sup id="cite_ref-Lyon_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lyon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalina_Federal_Honor_Camp&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Densho-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Densho_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Densho_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Densho_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Densho_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Tucson%20%28detention%20facility%29/">"Tucson (detention facility)"</a> <i>Densho Encyclopedia</i> (accessed 11 June 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Burton, M. Farrell, F. Lord, R. Lord. <i>Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War II Japanese American Relocation Sites</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/ce18a.htm">"Chapter 18: Catalina Federal Honor Camp, Arizona."</a> National Park Service: 2000 (accessed 23 January 2016).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lyon-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lyon_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lyon_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cherstin M. Lyon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Gordon%20Hirabayashi/">"Gordon Hirabayashi"</a> <i>Densho Encyclopedia</i> (accessed 11 June 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric L. Muller. <i>Free to Die for Their Country: The Story of the Japanese American Draft Resisters in World War II</i> (University of Chicago Press: 2003) p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jim Erickson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azstarnet.com/story-on-naming-of-hirabayashi-recreation-site/article_e11982b2-3891-11e1-98f3-0019bb2963f4.html">"Site of prison camp renamed for inmate interned during WWII"</a> <i>Arizona Daily Star</i>, 8 Nov 1999 (accessed 10 June 2014).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalina_Federal_Honor_Camp&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tucson.com/news/local/street-smarts-road-named-for-old-prison-camp/article_a03b77c8-2389-5185-b6d9-b7723d370de3.html">David Leighton, "Street Smarts: Road named for old prison camp," <i>Arizona Daily Star</i>, Aug. 18, 2014</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Catalina_Federal_Honor_Camp&params=32.3371_N_110.7199_W_type:landmark_region:US-AZ"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°20′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">110°43′12″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.3371°N 110.7199°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.3371; -110.7199</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catalina_Federal_Honor_Camp&oldid=1032849186">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catalina_Federal_Honor_Camp&oldid=1032849186</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internment_camps_for_Japanese_Americans" title="Category:Internment camps for Japanese Americans">Internment camps for Japanese Americans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Arizona" title="Category:History of Arizona">History of Arizona</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 July 2021, at 01:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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