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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Access_Services_and_Web_database" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Access_Services_and_Web_database"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Access Services and Web database</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Access_Services_and_Web_database-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Import_or_link_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Import_or_link_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Import or link sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Import_or_link_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microsoft_Access_Runtime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microsoft_Access_Runtime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Microsoft Access Runtime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microsoft_Access_Runtime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Development subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Split_database_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Split_database_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Split database architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Split_database_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migration_to_SQL_Server" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration_to_SQL_Server"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Migration to SQL Server</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration_to_SQL_Server-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-File_extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#File_extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>File extensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-File_extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Microsoft Access</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%B3" title="مايكروسوفت أكسس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مايكروسوفت أكسس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%B3" title="مایکروسافت اکسس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مایکروسافت اکسس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="মাইক্রোসফট এক্সেস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাইক্রোসফট এক্সেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%B3" title="مایکروسافت اکسس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایکروسافت اکسس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EC%86%8C%ED%94%84%ED%8A%B8_%EC%95%A1%EC%84%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="마이크로소프트 액세스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이크로소프트 액세스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="माइक्रोसॉफ़्ट एक्सेस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="माइक्रोसॉफ़्ट एक्सेस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%A1" title="מיקרוסופט אקסס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיקרוסופט אקסס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മൈക്രോസോഫ്റ്റ് ആക്സസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൈക്രോസോഫ്റ്റ് ആക്സസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් ඇක්සස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් ඇක්සස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8E%D8%B3" title="مایکرۆسۆفت ئەکسێس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مایکرۆسۆفت ئەکسێس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="மைக்ரோசாஃப்ட் அக்சஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மைக்ரோசாஃப்ட் அக்சஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AA" title="ไมโครซอฟต์ แอ็คเซส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไมโครซอฟต์ แอ็คเซส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A1" title="עקסעס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עקסעס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Microsoft Access" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Database manager part of the Microsoft 365 package</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Microsoft Access</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Office_Access_(2019-present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Microsoft_Office_Access_%282019-present%29.svg/120px-Microsoft_Office_Access_%282019-present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Microsoft_Office_Access_%282019-present%29.svg/180px-Microsoft_Office_Access_%282019-present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Microsoft_Office_Access_%282019-present%29.svg/240px-Microsoft_Office_Access_%282019-present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Access_(database_management_system)_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/Microsoft_Access_%28database_management_system%29_screenshot.png/220px-Microsoft_Access_%28database_management_system%29_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/Microsoft_Access_%28database_management_system%29_screenshot.png/330px-Microsoft_Access_%28database_management_system%29_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/Microsoft_Access_%28database_management_system%29_screenshot.png/440px-Microsoft_Access_%28database_management_system%29_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Microsoft Office Access 2021 running on <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">November 1992<span class="noprint">; 32 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1992-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release(s)</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="margin:0px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Microsoft 365</a> & Retail<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Windows)</th><td class="infobox-data">2501 (Build 18429.20158) / 11 February 2025<span class="noprint">; 14 days ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2025-02-11</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-office-2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-office-2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Microsoft 365</a> (Mac)</th><td class="infobox-data">16.94.1 (Build 25021618) / 18 February 2025<span class="noprint">; 7 days ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2025-02-18</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Office 2021 (LTSC)</th><td class="infobox-data">2108 (Build 14332.20857) / 11 February 2025<span class="noprint">; 14 days ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2025-02-11</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-office-2021_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-office-2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Office 2019 (LTSC)</th><td class="infobox-data">1808 (Build 10416.20058) / 11 February 2025<span class="noprint">; 14 days ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2025-02-11</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-office-2019_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-office-2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> (back-end)<sup id="cite_ref-C++_in_MS_Office_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C++_in_MS_Office-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Relational_database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Relational database management system">RDBMS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trialware" class="mw-redirect" title="Trialware">Trialware</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/access">www<wbr />.microsoft<wbr />.com<wbr />/en-us<wbr />/microsoft-365<wbr />/access</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80689#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Microsoft Access</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Database management system">database management system</a> (DBMS) from <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> that combines the <a href="/wiki/Relational_database" title="Relational database">relational</a> <a href="/wiki/Access_Database_Engine" title="Access Database Engine">Access Database Engine</a> (ACE) with a <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> and software-development tools. It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Microsoft 365</a> suite of applications, included in the Professional and higher editions or sold separately. </p><p>Microsoft Access stores data in its own format based on the Access Database Engine (formerly Jet Database Engine). It can also import or link directly to <a href="/wiki/Data" title="Data">data</a> stored in other applications and databases.<sup id="cite_ref-ms-import_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-import-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">Software developers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Data_architect" title="Data architect">data architects</a> and <a href="/wiki/Power_user" title="Power user">power users</a> can use Microsoft Access to develop <a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">application software</a>. Like other Microsoft Office applications, Access is supported by <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">Visual Basic for Applications</a> (VBA), an <a href="/wiki/Object-based" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-based">object-based</a> programming language that can reference a variety of objects including the legacy DAO (Data Access Objects), <a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a> Data Objects, and many other ActiveX components. Visual objects used in forms and reports expose their methods and properties in the VBA programming environment, and VBA code modules may declare and call Windows <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> operations. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the introduction of Access, <a href="/wiki/Borland" title="Borland">Borland</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Paradox_(database)" title="Paradox (database)">Paradox</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ashton-Tate" title="Ashton-Tate">Ashton-Tate</a> (with <a href="/wiki/DBase" title="DBase">dBase</a>, acquired by Borland in 1991) and Fox (with <a href="/wiki/Visual_FoxPro" title="Visual FoxPro">FoxPro</a>) dominated the desktop database market. Microsoft Access was the first mass-market database program for Windows. With Microsoft's purchase of FoxPro in 1992 and the incorporation of Fox's Rushmore <a href="/wiki/Query_optimization" title="Query optimization">query optimization</a> routines into Access, Microsoft Access quickly became the dominant database for Windows—effectively eliminating the competition which failed to transition from the <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> world.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s, Microsoft Access referred to an unrelated telecommunication program that provided terminal emulation and interfaces for ease of use in accessing online services such as <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_News/Retrieval" title="Dow Jones News/Retrieval">Dow Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a> and electronic mailbox.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project_Omega">Project Omega</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Project Omega"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microsoft's first attempt to sell a <a href="/wiki/Relational_database" title="Relational database">relational database</a> product was during the mid-1980s, when Microsoft obtained the license to sell <a href="/wiki/R:Base" title="R:Base">R:Base</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goodhew1996-11_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodhew1996-11-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1980s Microsoft developed its own solution codenamed Omega.<sup id="cite_ref-FergusonBirth_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FergusonBirth-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was confirmed in 1988 that a database product for Windows and <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a> was in development.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was going to include the "EB" Embedded Basic language,<sup id="cite_ref-FergusonBirth_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FergusonBirth-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was going to be the language for writing macros in all Microsoft applications,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the unification of macro languages did not happen until the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">Visual Basic for Applications</a> (VBA). Omega was also expected to provide a front end to the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">Microsoft SQL Server</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The application was very resource-intensive, and there were reports that it was working slowly on the <a href="/wiki/Intel_80386" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80386">386</a> processors that were available at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was scheduled to be released in the 1st quarter of 1990,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in 1989 the development of the product was reset<sup id="cite_ref-Goodhew1996-11_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodhew1996-11-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it was rescheduled to be delivered no sooner than in January 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parts of the project were later used for other Microsoft projects: Cirrus (codename for Access) and Thunder (codename for <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">Visual Basic</a>, where the Embedded Basic engine was used).<sup id="cite_ref-Goodhew1996-11_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodhew1996-11-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FergusonBirth_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FergusonBirth-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Access's premiere, the Omega project was demonstrated in 1992 to several journalists and included features that were not available in Access.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project_Cirrus">Project Cirrus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Project Cirrus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Omega project was scrapped, some of its developers were assigned to the Cirrus project (most were assigned to the team which created Visual Basic).<sup id="cite_ref-Goodhew1996-11_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodhew1996-11-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its goal was to create a competitor for applications like <a href="/wiki/Paradox_(database)" title="Paradox (database)">Paradox</a> or dBase that would work on Windows.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Microsoft acquired <a href="/wiki/FoxPro_2" class="mw-redirect" title="FoxPro 2">FoxPro</a>, there were rumors that the Microsoft project might get replaced with it,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the company decided to develop them in parallel. It was assumed that the project would make use of <a href="/wiki/Extensible_Storage_Engine" title="Extensible Storage Engine">Extensible Storage Engine</a> (Jet Blue)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but, in the end, only support for <a href="/wiki/Jet_Database_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet Database Engine">Jet Database Engine</a> (Jet Red) was provided. The project used some of the code from both the Omega project and a pre-release version of Visual Basic.<sup id="cite_ref-FergusonBirth_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FergusonBirth-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1992, betas of Cirrus shipped to developers<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the name Access became the official name of the product.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Access" was originally used for an older terminal emulation program from Microsoft. Years after the program was abandoned, they decided to reuse the name here.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Office_Access_(2000%E2%80%9303).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Microsoft_Office_Access_%282000%E2%80%9303%29.svg/89px-Microsoft_Office_Access_%282000%E2%80%9303%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Microsoft_Office_Access_%282000%E2%80%9303%29.svg/134px-Microsoft_Office_Access_%282000%E2%80%9303%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Microsoft_Office_Access_%282000%E2%80%9303%29.svg/178px-Microsoft_Office_Access_%282000%E2%80%9303%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="94" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption>Access' logo for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2000" title="Microsoft Office 2000">Office 2000</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_XP" title="Microsoft Office XP">Office XP</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Microsoft released Access version 1.0 on November 13, 1992, and an Access 1.1 release in May 1993 to improve compatibility with other Microsoft products and to include the Access Basic programming language. </p><p>With Access v2.0, Microsoft specified the minimum hardware requirements to be Microsoft Windows v3.1 with 4 MB of <a href="/wiki/Random_Access_Memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Random Access Memory">RAM</a> required, 6 MB RAM recommended; 8 MB of available <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard disk">hard disk</a> space required, 14 MB hard disk space recommended. The product shipped on seven 1.44 MB diskettes. The manual shows a 1994 copyright date. </p><p>As a part of the Microsoft Office 4.3 Professional with Book Shelf, Microsoft Access 2.0 was included with first sample databases "NorthWind Trader" which covered every possible aspect of programming a database. The Northwind Traders sample first introduced the Main Switchboard features new to Access 2.0 for 1994. The photo of Andrew Fuller, record #2 of that sample database, was the individual that presented and worked with Microsoft to provide such an outstanding example database. </p><p>With Office 95, Microsoft Access 7.0 (a.k.a. "Access 95") became part of the Microsoft Office Professional Suite, joining Microsoft Excel, Word, and PowerPoint and transitioning from Access Basic to VBA. Since then, Microsoft has released new versions of Microsoft Access with each release of Microsoft Office. This includes Access 97 (version 8.0), Access 2000 (version 9.0), Access 2002 (version 10.0), Access 2003 (version 11.5), Access 2007 (version 12.0), Access 2010 (version 14.0), Access 2013 (version 15.0), and Access 2016 (version 16.0).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Versions 3.0 and 3.5 of <a href="/wiki/Jet_Database_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet Database Engine">Jet Database Engine</a> (used by Access 7.0 and the later-released Access 97, respectively) had a critical issue which made these versions of Access unusable on a computer with more than 1 GB of memory.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Microsoft fixed this problem for Jet 3.5/Access 97 post-release, it never fixed the issue with Jet 3.0/Access 95. </p><p>The native Access database format (the Jet MDB Database) has also evolved over the years. Formats include Access 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 7.0, 97, 2000, 2002, and 2007. The most significant transition was from the Access 97 to the Access 2000 format; which is not <a href="/wiki/Backward_compatibility" title="Backward compatibility">backward compatible</a> with earlier versions of Access. As of 2011,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> all newer versions of Access support the Access 2000 format. New features were added to the Access 2002 format which can be used by Access 2002, 2003, 2007, and 2010. </p><p>Microsoft Access 2000 increased the maximum database size to 2 GB from 1 GB in Access 97. </p><p>Microsoft Access 2007 introduced a new database format: ACCDB. It supports links to <a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a> lists and complex <a href="/wiki/Data_type" title="Data type">data types</a> such as multi-value and attachment fields. These new field types are essentially recordsets in fields and allow the storage of multiple values or files in one field. Microsoft Access 2007 also introduced File Attachment field, which stored data more efficiently than the <a href="/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">OLE (Object Linking and Embedding)</a> field. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Access_2013-2019_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Microsoft_Access_2013-2019_logo.svg/89px-Microsoft_Access_2013-2019_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Microsoft_Access_2013-2019_logo.svg/134px-Microsoft_Access_2013-2019_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Microsoft_Access_2013-2019_logo.svg/178px-Microsoft_Access_2013-2019_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="554" /></a><figcaption>The logo for Access from 2013 to 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Microsoft Access 2010 introduced a new version of the ACCDB format supported hosting Access Web services on a <a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a> 2010 server. For the first time, this allowed Access applications to be run without having to install Access on a user's PC and was the first support for Mac users. Any user on the SharePoint site with sufficient rights could use the Access Web service. A copy of Access was still required for the developer to create the Access Web service, and the desktop version of Access remained part of Access 2010. The Access Web services were not the same as the desktop applications. Automation was only through the macro language (not VBA) which Access automatically converted to JavaScript. The data was no longer in an Access database but SharePoint lists. An Access desktop database could link to the SharePoint data, so hybrid applications were possible so that SharePoint users needing basic views and edits could be supported while the more sophisticated, traditional applications could remain in the desktop Access database. </p><p>Microsoft Access 2013 offers traditional Access desktop applications plus a significantly updated SharePoint 2013 web service.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Access Web model in Access 2010 was replaced by a new architecture that stores its data in actual SQL Server databases. Unlike SharePoint lists, this offers true relational database design with referential integrity, scalability, extensibility and performance one would expect from SQL Server.<sup id="cite_ref-New_in_Access_for_developers_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_in_Access_for_developers-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The database solutions that can be created on SharePoint 2013 offer a modern user interface designed to display multiple levels of relationships that can be viewed and edited, along with resizing for different devices and support for touch. The Access 2013 desktop is similar to Access 2010 but several features were discontinued including support for Access Data Projects (ADPs),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> pivot tables, pivot charts, Access data collections, source code control, replication, and other legacy features.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Access desktop database maximum size remained 2 GB (as it has been since the 2000 version). </p><p>Microsoft Access is no longer included in the one-time-purchase version of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2021" title="Microsoft Office 2021">Microsoft Office 2021</a>, but remains within the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Microsoft 365</a> counterpart, as Apps for business and Business Standard editions. Features new to Access 2021 include an extended-precision date/time data type<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and dark theme support.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to using its own database storage file, Microsoft Access also may be used as the 'front-end' of a program while other products act as the 'back-end' tables, such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">Microsoft SQL Server</a> and non-Microsoft products such as <a href="/wiki/Oracle_database" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle database">Oracle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sybase" title="Sybase">Sybase</a>. Multiple backend sources can be used by a Microsoft Access Jet Database (ACCDB and MDB formats). Similarly, some applications such as <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">Visual Basic</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a>, or Visual Studio .NET will use the Microsoft Access database format for its tables and queries. Microsoft Access may also be part of a more complex solution, where it may be integrated with other technologies such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Microsoft Excel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Microsoft Outlook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">Microsoft PowerPoint</a> and <a href="/wiki/ActiveX_control" class="mw-redirect" title="ActiveX control">ActiveX controls</a>. </p><p>Access tables support a variety of standard field types, <a href="/wiki/Index_(database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Index (database)">indices</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Referential_integrity" title="Referential integrity">referential integrity</a> including cascading <a href="/wiki/Update_(SQL)" title="Update (SQL)">updates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delete_(SQL)" title="Delete (SQL)">deletes</a>. Access also includes a <a href="/wiki/Information_retrieval" title="Information retrieval">query</a> interface, forms to display and enter data, and reports for printing. The underlying <a href="/wiki/Access_Database_Engine" title="Access Database Engine">Access database</a>, which contains these objects, is <a href="/wiki/Multi-user" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-user">multi-user</a> and handles <a href="/wiki/Lock_(database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (database)">record-locking</a>. </p><p>Repetitive tasks can be automated through macros with <a href="/wiki/Point_and_click" title="Point and click">point and click</a> options. It is also easy to place a database on a network and have multiple users share and update data without overwriting each other's work. Data is <a href="/wiki/Lock_(database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (database)">locked</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Row_(database)" title="Row (database)">record</a> level which is significantly different from Excel which <a href="/wiki/Lock_(computer_science)" title="Lock (computer science)">locks</a> the entire spreadsheet. </p><p>There are <a href="/wiki/Template_(file_format)" title="Template (file format)">template</a> databases within the program and for download from Microsoft's website. These options are available upon starting Access and allow users to enhance a database with predefined tables, <a href="/wiki/Query_language" title="Query language">queries</a>, forms, reports, and macros. Database templates support <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">VBA</a> code, but Microsoft's templates do not include VBA code. </p><p>Programmers can create solutions using VBA, which is similar to <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic 6.0</a> (VB6) and used throughout the Microsoft Office programs such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Outlook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a>. Most VB6 code, including the use of Windows <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a> calls, can be used in VBA. <a href="/wiki/Power_users" class="mw-redirect" title="Power users">Power users</a> and developers can extend basic <a href="/wiki/End-user" class="mw-redirect" title="End-user">end-user</a> solutions to a professional solution with advanced automation, <a href="/wiki/Data_validation" title="Data validation">data validation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exception_handling" title="Exception handling">error trapping</a>, and multi-user support. </p><p>The number of simultaneous users that can be supported depends on the amount of data, the <a href="/wiki/Task_(project_management)" title="Task (project management)">tasks</a> being performed, level of use, and <a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">application design</a>. Generally accepted limits are solutions with 1 GB or less of data (Access supports up to 2 GB) and it performs quite well with 100 or fewer simultaneous connections (255 concurrent users are supported).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This capability is often a good fit for department solutions. If using an Access database solution in a multi-user scenario, the application should be "split". This means that the tables are in one file called the <a href="/wiki/Front_and_back_ends" class="mw-redirect" title="Front and back ends">back end</a> (typically stored on a shared network folder) and the application components (forms, reports, queries, code, macros, linked tables) are in another file called the <a href="/wiki/Front_and_back_ends" class="mw-redirect" title="Front and back ends">front end</a>. The linked tables in the front end point to the back end file. Each user of the Access application would then receive his or her own copy of the front end file. </p><p>Applications that run complex queries or analysis across large datasets would naturally require greater <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Memory_(computers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory (computers)">memory</a>. Microsoft Access is designed to <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scale" class="extiw" title="wikt:scale">scale</a> to support more data and users by linking to multiple Access databases or using a <a href="/wiki/Back-end_database" title="Back-end database">back-end database</a> like Microsoft SQL Server. With the latter design, the amount of data and users can scale to enterprise-level solutions. </p><p>Microsoft Access's role in <a href="/wiki/Web_development" title="Web development">web development</a> prior to version 2010 is limited. <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">User interface</a> features of Access, such as forms and reports, only work in <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>. In versions 2000 through 2003 an Access object type called Data Access Pages created publishable web pages. Data Access Pages are no longer supported. The <a href="/wiki/Jet_Database_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet Database Engine">Jet Database Engine</a>, core to Access, can be accessed through technologies such as <a href="/wiki/ODBC" class="mw-redirect" title="ODBC">ODBC</a> or <a href="/wiki/OLE_DB" title="OLE DB">OLE DB</a>. The data (i.e., tables and queries) can be accessed by <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web-based applications</a> developed in <a href="/wiki/ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a>, <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Java_(software_platform)" title="Java (software platform)">Java</a>. With the use of Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Terminal_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal Services">Terminal Services</a> and Remote Desktop Application in Windows Server 2008 R2, organizations can host Access applications so they can be run over the web.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This technique does not scale the way a web application would but is appropriate for a limited number of users depending on the configuration of the host. </p><p>Access 2010 allows databases to be published to <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SharePoint_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft SharePoint Server">SharePoint</a> 2010 web sites running Access Services. These web-based forms and reports run in any modern web browser. The resulting web forms and reports, when accessed via a web browser, do not require any add-ins or extensions (e.g., ActiveX and <a href="/wiki/Silverlight" class="mw-redirect" title="Silverlight">Silverlight</a>). </p><p>Access 2013 can create web applications directly in <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SharePoint_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft SharePoint Server">SharePoint</a> 2013 sites running Access Services. Access 2013 web solutions store its data in an underlying SQL Server database which is much more scalable and robust than the Access 2010 version which used SharePoint lists to store its data. </p><p>Access Services in SharePoint has since been retired.<sup id="cite_ref-AccessServicesSharepointRetired_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AccessServicesSharepointRetired-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A compiled version of an Access database (file extensions .MDE /ACCDE or .ADE; ACCDE only works with Access 2007 or later) can be created to prevent users from accessing the design surfaces to modify module code, forms, and reports. An MDE or ADE file is a Microsoft Access database file with all modules compiled and all editable source code removed. Both the .MDE and .ADE versions of an Access database are used when end-user modifications are not allowed or when the application's source code should be kept confidential. </p><p>Microsoft also offers developer extensions for download to help distribute Access 2007 applications, create database templates, and integrate <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> control with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_SourceSafe" title="Microsoft Visual SourceSafe">Microsoft Visual SourceSafe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Users can create tables, queries, forms and reports, and connect them together with <a href="/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)" title="Macro (computer science)">macros</a>. Advanced users can use <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">VBA</a> to write rich solutions with advanced <a href="/wiki/Data_manipulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Data manipulation">data manipulation</a> and user control. Access also has report creation features that can work with any data source that Access can access. </p><p>The original concept of Access was for end users to be able to access data from any source. Other features include: the import and export of data to many formats including <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Outlook</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>, <a href="/wiki/DBase" title="DBase">dBase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paradox_(database)" title="Paradox (database)">Paradox</a>, <a href="/wiki/FoxPro_2" class="mw-redirect" title="FoxPro 2">FoxPro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">SQL Server</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle</a>. It also has the ability to link to data in its existing location and use it for viewing, querying, editing, and reporting. This allows the existing data to change while ensuring that Access uses the latest data. It can perform <a href="/wiki/Heterogeneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterogeneity">heterogeneous</a> <a href="/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL)">joins</a> between data sets stored across different platforms. Access is often used by people downloading data from <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_software" title="Enterprise software">enterprise level databases</a> for manipulation, analysis, and reporting locally. </p><p>There is also the <a href="/wiki/Access_Database_Engine" title="Access Database Engine">Access Database</a> (ACE and formerly Jet) format (MDB or ACCDB in Access 2007) which can contain the application and data in one file. This makes it very convenient to distribute the entire application to another user, who can run it in disconnected environments. </p><p>One of the benefits of Access from a programmer's perspective is its relative compatibility with <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> (structured <a href="/wiki/Query_language" title="Query language">query language</a>)—queries can be viewed graphically or edited as SQL statements, and SQL statements can be used directly in Macros and VBA <a href="/wiki/Modular_programming" title="Modular programming">Modules</a> to manipulate Access tables. Users can mix and use both VBA and "Macros" for programming forms and logic and offers <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a> possibilities. VBA can also be included in queries. </p><p>Microsoft Access offers <a href="/wiki/Parameter_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parameter (computer science)">parameterized queries</a>. These queries and Access tables can be referenced from other programs like <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">VB6</a> and <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET</a> through <a href="/wiki/Data_Access_Objects" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Access Objects">DAO</a> or <a href="/wiki/ActiveX_Data_Objects" title="ActiveX Data Objects">ADO</a>. From Microsoft Access, VBA can reference parameterized stored procedures via ADO. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">desktop</a> editions of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">Microsoft SQL Server</a> can be used with Access as an alternative to the <a href="/wiki/Jet_Database_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet Database Engine">Jet Database Engine</a>. This support started with <a href="/wiki/MSDE" title="MSDE">MSDE</a> (Microsoft SQL Server Desktop Engine), a scaled down version of Microsoft SQL Server 2000, and continues with the <a href="/wiki/SQL_Server_Express" title="SQL Server Express">SQL Server Express</a> versions of SQL Server 2005 and 2008. </p><p>Microsoft Access is a <a href="/wiki/File_server" title="File server">file server</a>-based database. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server" class="mw-redirect" title="Client–server">client–server</a> <a href="/wiki/Relational_database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Relational database management system">relational database management systems</a> (RDBMS), Microsoft Access does not implement <a href="/wiki/Database_trigger" title="Database trigger">database triggers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stored_procedure" title="Stored procedure">stored procedures</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Transaction_log" title="Transaction log">transaction logging</a>. Access 2010 includes table-level triggers and stored procedures built into the ACE data engine. Thus a Client-server database system is not a requirement for using stored procedures or table triggers with Access 2010. Tables, queries, forms, reports and macros can now be developed specifically for web based applications in Access 2010. Integration with Microsoft SharePoint 2010 is also highly improved. </p><p>The 2013 edition of Microsoft Access introduced a mostly flat design and the ability to install apps from the Office Store, but it did not introduce new features. The theme was partially updated again for 2016, but no dark theme was created for Access. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Access_Services_and_Web_database">Access Services and Web database</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Access Services and Web database"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Web_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Web form">Web form</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a> <a href="/wiki/Web_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Web form">web forms</a> can query a Microsoft Access database, retrieve records and display them on the browser.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a> Server 2010 via Access Services allows for Access 2010 databases to be published to SharePoint, thus enabling multiple users to interact with the database application from any standards-compliant Web browser. Access Web databases published to SharePoint Server can use standard objects such as tables, queries, forms, macros, and reports. Access Services stores those objects in SharePoint.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Access 2013 offers the ability to publish Access web solutions on SharePoint 2013. Rather than using SharePoint lists as its data source, Access 2013 uses an actual SQL Server database hosted by SharePoint or SQL Azure.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This offers a true relational database with referential integrity, scalability, maintainability, and extensibility compared to the SharePoint views Access 2010 used. The macro language is enhanced to support more sophisticated programming logic and database level automation.<sup id="cite_ref-New_in_Access_for_developers_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_in_Access_for_developers-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Import_or_link_sources">Import or link sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Import or link sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microsoft Access can also import or link directly to data stored in other applications and databases.<sup id="cite_ref-ms-import_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-import-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft Office Access 2007 and newer can import from or link to: </p> <ul><li>Microsoft Access</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a> lists</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_text" title="Plain text">Plain text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Outlook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DBase" title="DBase">dBase</a> (dropped in Access 2013; restored in Access 2016)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradox_(database)" title="Paradox (database)">Paradox</a> (with Access 2007; dropped in Access 2010<sup id="cite_ref-HA101806473_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HA101806473-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_1-2-3" title="Lotus 1-2-3">Lotus 1-2-3</a> (dropped in Access 2010<sup id="cite_ref-HA101806473_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HA101806473-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODBC" class="mw-redirect" title="ODBC">ODBC</a>-compliant data containers, including: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">Microsoft SQL Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_database" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle database">Oracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostgreSQL" title="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Lotus_Notes" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Lotus Notes">IBM Lotus Notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_i" title="IBM i">IBM i</a> <a href="/wiki/IBM_Db2" title="IBM Db2">IBM Db2</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Microsoft_Access_Runtime">Microsoft Access Runtime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Microsoft Access Runtime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microsoft offers free <a href="/wiki/Run-time_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Run-time system">runtime</a> versions of Microsoft Access which allow users to run an Access desktop application without needing to purchase or install a retail version of Microsoft Access. This actually allows Access developers to create databases that can be freely distributed to an unlimited number of end-users. These runtime versions of Access 2007 and later can be downloaded for free from Microsoft.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The runtime versions for Access 2003 and earlier were part of the Office Developer Extensions/Toolkit and required a separate purchase. </p><p>The runtime version allows users to view, edit and delete data, along with running queries, forms, reports, macros and VBA module code. The runtime version does not allow users to change the design of Microsoft Access tables, queries, forms, reports, macros or module code. The runtime versions are similar to their corresponding full version of Access and usually compatible with earlier versions; for example Access Runtime 2010 allows a user to run an Access application made with the 2010 version as well as 2007 through 2000. Due to deprecated features in Access 2013, its runtime version is also unable to support those older features. During development one can simulate the runtime environment from the fully functional version by using the <code>/runtime</code> <a href="/wiki/Command-line_option" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-line option">command-line option</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Access stores all database tables, queries, forms, reports, macros, and modules in the Access Jet database as a single file. </p><p>For query development, Access offers a "Query Designer", a graphical user interface that allows users to build queries without knowledge of structured query language. In the Query Designer, users can "show" the datasources of the query (which can be tables or queries) and select the fields they want returned by clicking and dragging them into the grid. One can set up joins by clicking and dragging fields in tables to fields in other tables. Access allows users to view and manipulate the SQL code if desired. Any Access table, including linked tables from different data sources, can be used in a query. </p><p>Access also supports the creation of "pass-through queries". These snippets of SQL code can address external data sources through the use of ODBC connections on the local machine. This enables users to interact with data stored outside the Access program without using linked tables or Jet.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Users construct the pass-through queries using the SQL syntax supported by the external data source. </p><p>When developing reports (in "Design View") additions or changes to controls cause any linked queries to execute in the background and the designer is forced to wait for records to be returned before being able to make another change. This feature cannot be turned off. </p><p>Non-programmers can use the macro feature to automate simple tasks through a series of drop-down selections. Macros allow users to easily chain commands together such as running queries, importing or exporting data, opening and closing forms, previewing and printing reports, etc. Macros support basic logic (IF-conditions) and the ability to call other macros. Macros can also contain sub-macros which are similar to subroutines. In Access 2007, enhanced macros included error-handling and support for <a href="/wiki/Temporary_variable" title="Temporary variable">temporary variables</a>. Access 2007 also introduced embedded macros that are essentially properties of an object's event. This eliminated the need to store macros as individual objects. However, macros were limited in their functionality by a lack of <a href="/wiki/Program_loops" class="mw-redirect" title="Program loops">programming loops</a> and advanced coding logic until Access 2013. With significant further enhancements introduced in Access 2013, the capabilities of macros became fully comparable to VBA. They made feature rich web-based application deployments practical, via a greatly enhanced Microsoft SharePoint interface and tools, as well as on traditional Windows desktops. </p><p>In common with other products in the Microsoft Office suite, the other programming language used in Access is Microsoft VBA. It is similar to Visual Basic 6.0 (VB6) and code can be stored in modules, classes, and code behind forms and reports. To create a richer, more efficient and maintainable finished product with good error handling, most professional Access applications are developed using the VBA programming language rather than macros, except where web deployment is a business requirement. </p><p>To manipulate data in tables and queries in VBA or macros, Microsoft provides two database access libraries of <a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a> components: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Data_Access_Objects" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Access Objects">Data Access Objects</a> (DAO) (32-bit only), which is included in Access and Windows and evolved to ACE in Microsoft Access 2007 for the ACCDE database format</li> <li>ActiveX Data Objects <a href="/wiki/ActiveX_Data_Objects" title="ActiveX Data Objects">ActiveX Data Objects</a> (ADO) (both 32-bit and 64-bit versions)</li></ol> <p>As well as DAO and ADO, developers can also use OLE DB and ODBC for developing native C/C++ programs for Access.<sup id="cite_ref-Development_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Development-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For ADPs and the direct manipulation of SQL Server data, ADO is required. DAO is most appropriate for managing data in Access/Jet databases, and the only way to manipulate the <a href="/wiki/Complex_number" title="Complex number">complex field</a> types in ACCDB tables. </p><p>In the database container or navigation pane in Access 2007 and later versions, the system automatically categorizes each object by type (e.g., table, query, macro). Many Access developers use the <a href="/wiki/Leszynski_naming_convention" title="Leszynski naming convention">Leszynski naming convention</a>, though this is not universal; it is a programming convention, not a DBMS-enforced rule.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is particularly helpful in VBA where references to object names may not indicate its data type (e.g. tbl for tables, qry for queries). </p><p>Developers deploy Microsoft Access most often for individual and workgroup projects (the Access 97 speed characterization was done for 32 users).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Access 97, and with Access 2003 and 2007, Microsoft Access and hardware have evolved significantly. Databases under 1 GB in size (which can now fit entirely in RAM) and 200 simultaneous users are well within the capabilities of Microsoft Access.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of course, performance depends on the <a href="/wiki/Database_design" title="Database design">database design</a> and tasks. Disk-intensive work such as complex searching and querying take the most time. </p><p>As data from a Microsoft Access database can be cached in RAM, processing speed may substantially improve when there is only a single user or if the data is not changing. In the past, the effect of packet latency on the record-locking system caused Access databases to run slowly on a <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">virtual private network</a> (VPN) or a <a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">wide area network</a> (WAN) against a Jet database. As of 2010,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> broadband connections have mitigated this issue. Performance can also be enhanced if a continuous connection is maintained to the back-end database throughout the session rather than opening and closing it for each table access.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In July 2011, Microsoft acknowledged an intermittent query performance problem with all versions of Access and <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a> due to the nature of resource management being vastly different in newer operating systems.<sup id="cite_ref-AccessSlow_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AccessSlow-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This issue severely affects query performance on both Access 2003 and earlier with the <a href="/wiki/Jet_Database_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet Database Engine">Jet Database Engine</a> code, as well as Access 2007 and later with the Access Database Engine (ACE).<sup id="cite_ref-AccessSlow_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AccessSlow-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft has issued hotfixes <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2553029">KB2553029</a> for Access 2007 and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2553116">KB2553116</a> for Access 2010, but will not fix the issue with Jet 4.0 as it is out of mainstream support.<sup id="cite_ref-AccessSlow_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AccessSlow-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In earlier versions of Microsoft Access, the ability to distribute applications required the purchase of the Developer Toolkit; in Access 2007, 2010 and Access 2013 the "Runtime Only" version is offered as a free download,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making the distribution of royalty-free applications possible on Windows XP, Vista, 7 and Windows 8.x.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Split_database_architecture">Split database architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Split database architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microsoft Access applications can adopt a split-database architecture. The single database can be divided into a separate "back-end" file that contains the data tables (shared on a file server) and a "front-end" (containing the application's objects such as queries, forms, reports, macros, and modules). The "front-end" Access application is distributed to each user's desktop and linked to the shared database. Using this approach, each user has a copy of Microsoft Access (or the runtime version) installed on their machine along with their application database. This reduces network traffic since the application is not retrieved for each use. The "front-end" database can still contain local tables for storing a user's settings or temporary data. This split-database design also allows development of the application independent of the data. One disadvantage is that users may make various changes to their own local copy of the application and this makes it hard to manage version control. When a new version is ready, the front-end database is replaced without impacting the data database. Microsoft Access has two built-in utilities, Database Splitter<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Linked Table Manager, to facilitate this architecture. </p><p>Linked tables in Access use absolute paths rather than relative paths, so the development environment either has to have the same path as the production environment or a "dynamic-linker" routine can be written in <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">VBA</a>. </p><p>For very large Access databases, this may have performance issues and a SQL backend should be considered in these circumstances. This is less of an issue if the entire database can fit in the PC's RAM since Access caches data and indexes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migration_to_SQL_Server">Migration to SQL Server</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Migration to SQL Server"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Upsizing_(database)" title="Upsizing (database)">Upsizing (database)</a></div><p>To scale Access applications to enterprise or web solutions, one possible technique involves migrating to <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">Microsoft SQL Server</a> or equivalent server database. A client–server design significantly reduces maintenance and increases security, availability, stability, and transaction logging. </p><p>Access 2000 through Access 2010 included a feature called the Upsizing <a href="/wiki/Wizard_(software)" title="Wizard (software)">Wizard</a> that allowed users to upgrade their databases to Microsoft SQL Server, an ODBC client–server database. This feature was removed from Access 2013. An additional solution, the SQL Server Migration Assistant for Access (SSMA), continues to be available for free download from Microsoft.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A variety of upgrading options are available.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After migrating the data and queries to SQL Server, the Access database can be linked to the SQL database, subject to data type conversion limitations: </p> <ul><li>"Yes/No" types: In Microsoft Access there are three states for the Yes/No (True/False) data type: empty, no/false (0) and yes/true (−1). The corresponding SQL Server data type is binary, with only two states; the permissible values are 0 and 1.</li> <li>Date/Time (Extended): SQL Server's smalldatetime format has precision of 1 minute, minimum date value is 1900-01-01, maximum date value is 2079-06-06; datetime format has precision of 10/3 milliseconds (rounded to increments of .000, .003, or .007 seconds), minimum date value is 1753-01-01, maximum date value is 9999-12-31; datetime2 format has precision of 100 nanoseconds, minimum date value is 0001-01-01, same maximum date value as datetime. Access's Date/Time and Date/Time Extended have higher precisions than smalldatetime and datetime and datetime2, and wider date range than SQL Server's smalldatetime and datetime formats.</li></ul> <p>Regardless, SQL Server is still the easiest migration. Retrieving data from linked tables is optimized to just the records needed, but this scenario may operate less efficiently than what would otherwise be optimal for SQL Server. For example, in instances where multi-table joins still require copying the whole table across the network. </p><p>In previous versions of Access, including Access 2010, databases can also be converted to Access Data Projects (ADP) which are tied directly to one SQL Server database. This feature was removed from Access 2013. ADP's support the ability to directly create and modify SQL Server objects such as tables, views, stored procedures, and SQL Server constraints. The views and stored procedures can significantly reduce the network traffic for multi-table joins. SQL Server supports temporary tables and links to other data sources beyond the single SQL Server database. </p><p>Finally, some Access databases are completely replaced by another technology such as ASP.NET or Java once the data is converted. However, any migration may dictate major effort since the Access SQL language is a more powerful superset of standard SQL. Further, Access application procedures, whether VBA and macros, are written at a relatively higher level versus the currently available alternatives that are both robust and comprehensive. The Access macro language, allowing an even higher level of abstraction than VBA, was significantly enhanced in Access 2010 and again in Access 2013. </p><p>In many cases, developers build direct web-to-data interfaces using ASP.NET, while keeping major business automation processes, administrative and reporting functions that do not need to be distributed to everyone in Access for information workers to maintain. </p><p>While all Access data can migrate to SQL Server directly, some queries cannot migrate successfully. In some situations, you may need to translate VBA functions and user defined functions into T–SQL or .NET functions / procedures. Crosstab queries can be migrated to SQL Server using the PIVOT command. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protection">Protection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microsoft Access applications can be made secure by various methods, the most basic being password access control; this is a relatively weak form of protection. </p><p>A higher level of protection is the use of workgroup security requiring a <a href="/wiki/User_(computing)" title="User (computing)">user name</a> and <a href="/wiki/Password" title="Password">password</a>. Users and groups can be specified along with their rights at the <a href="/wiki/Object_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Object type">object type</a> or individual object level. This can be used to specify people with read-only or data entry rights but may be challenging to specify. A separate workgroup security file contains the settings which can be used to manage multiple databases. Workgroup security is not supported in the Access 2007 and Access 2010 ACCDB database format, although Access 2007 and Access 2010 still support it for MDB databases. </p><p>Databases can also be encrypted. The ACCDB format offers significantly advanced encryption from previous versions.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, if the database design needs to be secured to prevent changes, Access databases can be locked/protected (and the source code <a href="/wiki/Compiled" class="mw-redirect" title="Compiled">compiled</a>) by converting the database to a .MDE file. All changes to the VBA project (modules, forms, or reports) need to be made to the original MDB and then reconverted to MDE. In Access 2007 and Access 2010, the ACCDB database is converted to an ACCDE file. Some tools are available for unlocking and "<a href="/wiki/Decompiling" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompiling">decompiling</a>", although certain elements including original VBA comments and formatting are normally irretrievable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="File_extensions">File extensions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: File extensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microsoft Access saves information under the following <a href="/wiki/File_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="File formats">file formats</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Current formats </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">File format </th> <th scope="col">Extension </th></tr> <tr> <td>Access Blank Project Template</td> <td>.adn </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access Database (2007 and later)</td> <td>.accdb </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access Database Runtime (2007 and later)</td> <td>.accdr </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access Database Template (2007 and later)</td> <td>.accdt </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access Add-In (2007 and later)</td> <td>.accda </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access Workgroup, database for user-level security.</td> <td>.mdw </td></tr> <tr> <td>Protected Access Database, with compiled VBA and macros (2007 and later)</td> <td>.accde </td></tr> <tr> <td>Windows Shortcut: Access Macro</td> <td>.mam </td></tr> <tr> <td>Windows Shortcut: Access Query</td> <td>.maq </td></tr> <tr> <td>Windows Shortcut: Access Report</td> <td>.mar </td></tr> <tr> <td>Windows Shortcut: Access Table</td> <td>.mat </td></tr> <tr> <td>Windows Shortcut: Access Form</td> <td>.maf </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access lock files (associated with .accdb)</td> <td>.laccdb </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Legacy formats </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">File format </th> <th scope="col">Extension </th></tr> <tr> <td>Protected Access Data Project (not supported in 2013)</td> <td>.ade </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access Data Project (not supported in 2013)</td> <td>.adp </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access Database (2003 and earlier)</td> <td>.mdb </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access Database (Pocket Access for Windows CE)</td> <td>.cdb </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access Database, used for addins (Access 2, 95, 97),<br />previously used for workgroups (Access 2)</td> <td>.mda </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access Blank Database Template (2003 and earlier)</td> <td>.mdn </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access (SQL Server) detached database (2000)</td> <td>.mdf </td></tr> <tr> <td>Protected Access Database, with compiled VBA and macros (2003 and earlier)</td> <td>.mde </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access lock files (associated with .mdb)</td> <td>.ldb </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versions">Versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Version</th> <th>Version<br />number</th> <th>Release Date<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Access_Database_Engine" title="Access Database Engine">JET/ACE</a> version</th> <th>Supported <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">OS</a></th> <th>Office suite version </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Access 1.0</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.0</td> <td>1992</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.0</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0">Windows 3.0</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Access 1.1</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.1</td> <td>1993</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1x" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows 3.1x">Windows 3.1x</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Access 2.0</td> <td style="text-align:center;">2.0</td> <td>1994</td> <td style="text-align:center;">2.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1x" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows 3.1x">Windows 3.1x</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Office</a> 4.3 Pro </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Access for Windows 95</td> <td style="text-align:center;">7.0</td> <td>August 24, 1995</td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_59-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_95" title="Microsoft Office 95">Office 95</a> Professional </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Access 97</td> <td style="text-align:center;">8.0</td> <td>January 16, 1997</td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_3.51" title="Windows NT 3.51">Windows NT 3.51</a> SP5, <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">Windows NT 4.0</a> SP2<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_97" title="Microsoft Office 97">Office 97</a> Professional and Developer </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Access 2000</td> <td style="text-align:center;">9.0</td> <td>June 7, 1999</td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;">4.0 SP1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">Windows NT 4.0</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">Windows 98</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2000" title="Microsoft Office 2000">Office 2000</a> Professional, Premium and Developer </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Access 2002</td> <td style="text-align:center;">10.0</td> <td>May 31, 2001 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">Windows NT 4.0</a> SP6, <a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">Windows 98</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Me" title="Windows Me">Windows Me</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_XP" title="Microsoft Office XP">Office XP</a> Professional and Developer </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Access 2003</td> <td style="text-align:center;">11.0</td> <td>November 27, 2003 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a> SP3 or later, <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2003" title="Microsoft Office 2003">Office 2003</a> Professional and Professional Enterprise </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Access 2007</td> <td style="text-align:center;">12.0</td> <td>January 27, 2007</td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_SP2" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows XP SP2">Windows XP SP2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003_SP1" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Server 2003 SP1">Windows Server 2003 SP1</a>, or newer operating system<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2007" title="Microsoft Office 2007">Office 2007</a> Professional, Professional Plus, Ultimate and Enterprise </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Access 2010</td> <td style="text-align:center;">14.0</td> <td>July 15, 2010</td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_SP3" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows XP SP3">Windows XP SP3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003_SP2" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Server 2003 SP2">Windows Server 2003 SP2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003_R2" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Server 2003 R2">Windows Server 2003 R2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista_SP1" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Vista SP1">Windows Vista SP1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Windows Server 2012</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2010" title="Microsoft Office 2010">Office 2010</a> Professional, Professional Academic and Professional Plus </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Access 2013</td> <td style="text-align:center;">15.0</td> <td>January 29, 2013</td> <td style="text-align:center;">15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Windows Server 2012</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2013" title="Microsoft Office 2013">Office 2013</a> Professional and Professional Plus </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Access 2016</td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;">16.0</td> <td>September 22, 2015</td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;">16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2016" title="Microsoft Office 2016">Office 2016</a> Professional and Professional Plus </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Access 2019</td> <td>September 24, 2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2019" title="Microsoft Office 2019">Office 2019</a> Professional and Professional Plus </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Access 2021</td> <td>October 5, 2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a><sup id="cite_ref-microsoft_com_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-microsoft_com-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2021" title="Microsoft Office 2021">Office 2021</a> Professional, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Microsoft 365</a> Apps for business<sup id="cite_ref-microsoft_com_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-microsoft_com-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are no Access versions between 2.0 and 7.0 because the <a href="/wiki/Office_95" class="mw-redirect" title="Office 95">Office 95</a> version was launched with Word 7. All of the Office 95 products have <a href="/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">OLE</a> 2 capabilities, and Access 7 shows that it was compatible with Word 7. </p><p>Version number 13 was skipped. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_relational_database_management_systems" title="Comparison of relational database management systems">Comparison of relational database management systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_form" title="HTML form">HTML form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam.py_(web_framework)" title="Jam.py (web framework)">Jam.py</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kexi" title="Kexi">Kexi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibreOffice_Base" title="LibreOffice Base">LibreOffice Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDB_Tools" title="MDB Tools">MDB Tools</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including Office 2021, 2019 and 2016</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Access&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/officeupdates/current-channel">"Release notes for Current Channel"</a>. <i>Microsoft Learn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Release+notes+for+Current+Channel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fofficeupdates%2Fcurrent-channel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-office-2021-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-office-2021_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-office-2021_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/officeupdates/update-history-office-2021">"Update history for Office LTSC 2021 and Office 2021"</a>. <i>Microsoft Learn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Update+history+for+Office+LTSC+2021+and+Office+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fofficeupdates%2Fupdate-history-office-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/officeupdates/update-history-office-for-mac">"Update history for Office for Mac"</a>. <i>Microsoft Learn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Update+history+for+Office+for+Mac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fofficeupdates%2Fupdate-history-office-for-mac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-office-2019-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-office-2019_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/officeupdates/update-history-office-2019">"Update history for Office 2016 C2R and Office 2019"</a>. <i>Microsoft Learn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Update+history+for+Office+2016+C2R+and+Office+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fofficeupdates%2Fupdate-history-office-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C++_in_MS_Office-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-C++_in_MS_Office_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cppcon.org/bonus-talk-cxx-in-ms-office-2014/">"C++ in MS Office"</a>. cppcon. July 17, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191107064047/https://cppcon.org/bonus-talk-cxx-in-ms-office-2014/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C%2B%2B+in+MS+Office&rft.pub=cppcon&rft.date=2014-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcppcon.org%2Fbonus-talk-cxx-in-ms-office-2014%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ms-import-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ms-import_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ms-import_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Introduction-to-importing-and-exporting-data-08422593-42dd-4e73-bdf1-4c21fc3aa1b0">"Introduction to importing and exporting data"</a>. Microsoft<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+importing+and+exporting+data&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.office.com%2Fen-us%2Farticle%2FIntroduction-to-importing-and-exporting-data-08422593-42dd-4e73-bdf1-4c21fc3aa1b0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fmsinc.com/MicrosoftAccess/history/index.html">"Microsoft Access History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Access+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmsinc.com%2FMicrosoftAccess%2Fhistory%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wcv9oIHOrjQC&pg=PA139"><i>PC Mag</i></a>. Ziff Davis, Inc. 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(October 16, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nDAEAAAAMBAJ">"Lotus Exec Tells of Ordeal: "Aliens Force Me to Use MS Windows"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. p. 106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Lotus+Exec+Tells+of+Ordeal%3A+%22Aliens+Force+Me+to+Use+MS+Windows%22&rft.pages=106&rft.date=1989-10-16&rft.aulast=Cringely&rft.aufirst=Robert+X.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnDAEAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCringely1989" class="citation news cs1">Cringely, Robert X. (November 20, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qDAEAAAAMBAJ">"Elvis, Now a Vegas Parking Lot Attendant, Further Delays Intel 486"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. p. 106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Elvis%2C+Now+a+Vegas+Parking+Lot+Attendant%2C+Further+Delays+Intel+486&rft.pages=106&rft.date=1989-11-20&rft.aulast=Cringely&rft.aufirst=Robert+X.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqDAEAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMace1992" class="citation news cs1">Mace, Scott (November 30, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L1EEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16">"Microsoft demos its ill-fated Omega"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Microsoft+demos+its+ill-fated+Omega&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1992-11-30&rft.aulast=Mace&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL1EEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPicarilleMace1992" class="citation news cs1">Picarille, Lisa; Mace, Scott (March 30, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5j0EAAAAMBAJ">"Microsoft's Fox purchase stirs up the XBase market"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. p. 1. <q>Cirrus (...) will go head-to-head with Paradox and Metaphor Computer Systems' Metaphor program.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Microsoft%27s+Fox+purchase+stirs+up+the+XBase+market&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1992-03-30&rft.aulast=Picarille&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.au=Mace%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5j0EAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCringely1991" class="citation news cs1">Cringely, Robert X. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Access+Version+Releases%2C+Service+Packs%2C+Hotfixes%2C+and+Updates+History&rft.pub=FMS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmsinc.com%2Fmicrosoftaccess%2Fhistory%2Fversions.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/161255">"Out of memory" error starting Microsoft Access</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/jj618413.aspx">"Changes in Access"</a>. 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href="/wiki/Template:Microsoft_365" title="Template:Microsoft 365"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Microsoft_365" title="Template talk:Microsoft 365"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft_365" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft 365"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microsoft_365318" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Microsoft 365</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft_Office" title="History of Microsoft Office">History</a></li> <li>A product of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1.x</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_3.0" title="Microsoft Office 3.0">3.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_4.x" title="Microsoft Office 4.x">4.x</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_95" title="Microsoft Office 95">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_97" title="Microsoft Office 97">97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2000" title="Microsoft Office 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_XP" title="Microsoft Office XP">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2003" title="Microsoft Office 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2007" title="Microsoft Office 2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2010" title="Microsoft Office 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2013" title="Microsoft Office 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2016" title="Microsoft Office 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2019" title="Microsoft Office 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2021" title="Microsoft Office 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2024" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Office 2024">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_operating_systems" title="Mac operating systems">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_3.0" title="Microsoft Office 3.0">3.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_4.2_for_Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Office 4.2 for Macintosh">4.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_98_Macintosh_Edition" title="Microsoft Office 98 Macintosh Edition">98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2001" title="Microsoft Office 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_v._X" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Office v. X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2004_for_Mac" title="Microsoft Office 2004 for Mac">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2008_for_Mac" title="Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_for_Mac_2011" title="Microsoft Office for Mac 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2016" title="Microsoft Office 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2019" title="Microsoft Office 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2021" title="Microsoft Office 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2024" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Office 2024">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_365_applications_and_services" title="List of Microsoft 365 applications and services">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desktop</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Outlook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Project" title="Microsoft Project">Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Publisher" title="Microsoft Publisher">Publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visio" title="Microsoft Visio">Visio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Server</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Excel_Services" title="Excel Services">Excel Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Project_Server" title="Microsoft Project Server">Project Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Search_Server" title="Microsoft Search Server">Search Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_for_Business_Server" title="Skype for Business Server">Skype for Business Server</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Lens" class="mw-redirect" title="Office Lens">Lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Outlook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Remote" class="mw-redirect" title="Office Remote">Remote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Sway" title="Microsoft Sway">Sway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bookings" title="Microsoft Bookings">Bookings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Delve" class="mw-redirect" title="Office Delve">Delve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Forms" title="Microsoft Forms">Forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Loop" title="Microsoft Loop">Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook_on_the_web" title="Outlook on the web">Outlook on the web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Outlook.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Planner" title="Microsoft Planner">Planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Project" title="Microsoft Project">Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Stream" title="Microsoft Stream">Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Sway" title="Microsoft Sway">Sway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_To_Do" title="Microsoft To Do">To Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_365_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Office 365 Video">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva_Engage" title="Viva Engage">Viva Engage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_shared_tools#Discontinued" title="Microsoft Office shared tools">Discontinued shared tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Accounting" title="Microsoft Office Accounting">Accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Classroom" title="Microsoft Classroom">Classroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docs.com" title="Docs.com">Docs.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Entourage" title="Microsoft Entourage">Entourage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_FrontPage" title="Microsoft FrontPage">FrontPage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_InfoPath" title="Microsoft InfoPath">InfoPath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_InterConnect" title="Microsoft InterConnect">InterConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Kaizala" title="Microsoft Kaizala">Kaizala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Liquid_Motion" title="Microsoft Liquid Motion">Liquid Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Live_Meeting" title="Microsoft Office Live Meeting">Live Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Lync" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Lync">Lync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mail" title="Microsoft Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Assistant" title="Office Assistant">Office Assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Live" title="Microsoft Office Live">Office Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive_Groups" title="OneDrive Groups">OneDrive Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_PerformancePoint_Server" title="Microsoft Office PerformancePoint Server">PerformancePoint Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Photo_Editor" title="Microsoft Photo Editor">Photo Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PhotoDraw" title="Microsoft PhotoDraw">PhotoDraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Picture_Manager" title="Microsoft Office Picture Manager">Picture Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Project_Portfolio_Server" title="Microsoft Office Project Portfolio Server">Project Portfolio Server</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_Hero" title="Ribbon Hero">Ribbon Hero</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Schedule%2B" title="Microsoft Schedule+">Schedule+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SharePoint_Designer" title="Microsoft SharePoint Designer">SharePoint Designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SharePoint_Workspace" title="Microsoft SharePoint Workspace">SharePoint Workspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_for_Business" title="Skype for Business">Skype for Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNP_file_format" title="SNP file format">Snapshot Viewer for Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Vizact" title="Microsoft Vizact">Vizact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word_Viewer" title="Microsoft Word Viewer">Word Viewer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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