Agenţia Europeană de Mediu — Agenţia Europeană de Mediu

<!DOCTYPE html>      <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="no-js" lang="ro"> <head> <base href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#069" /> <meta name="description" content="Information on the environment for those involved in developing, adopting, implementing and evaluating environmental policy, and also the general public" /> <meta name="DC.format" content="text/plain" /> <meta name="DC.type" content="Director" /> <meta name="DC.date.valid_range" content="2006/08/30 - " /> <meta name="DC.date.modified" content="2023-08-01T01:36:03+01:00" /> <meta name="DC.date.created" content="2006-07-26T10:32:18+01:00" /> <meta name="DC.language" content="ro" /> <style> /* - critical.css - */ /*! (do not remove this :) *//*! (not this either :) */@font-face{font-family:"Open Sans";font-style:normal;font-weight:300;font-display:swap;src:local("Open Sans Light"),local("OpenSans-Light"),url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/GoogleFonts-OpenSans-v17-latin-ext_latin-300.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/GoogleFonts-OpenSans-v17-latin-ext_latin-300.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-family:"Open Sans";font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:local("Open Sans Regular"),local("OpenSans-Regular"),url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/GoogleFonts-OpenSans-Regular1-v15.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0100-024F, U+0259, U+1E00-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20CF, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:"Open Sans";font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:local("Open Sans Regular"),local("OpenSans-Regular"),url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/GoogleFonts-OpenSans-Regular2-v15.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+2000-206F, U+2074, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:"Open Sans";font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;src:local("Open Sans Regular"),local("OpenSans-Regular"),url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/GoogleFonts-OpenSans-Regular-v16.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-family:"Open Sans";font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:local("Open Sans Bold"),local("OpenSans-Bold"),url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/GoogleFonts-OpenSans-Bold1-v15.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0100-024F, U+0259, U+1E00-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20CF, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:"Open Sans";font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:local("Open Sans Bold"),local("OpenSans-Bold"),url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/GoogleFonts-OpenSans-Bold2-v15.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/GoogleFonts-OpenSans-Bold-v16.woff) format("woff");unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+2000-206F, U+2074, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:"Open Sans";font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:local("Open Sans Regular"),local("OpenSans-Regular"),url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/GoogleFonts-OpenSans-Regular1-v15.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0100-024F, U+0259, U+1E00-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20CF, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:"Open Sans";font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:local("Open Sans Regular"),local("OpenSans-Regular"),url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/GoogleFonts-OpenSans-Regular2-v15.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+2000-206F, U+2074, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:"Open Sans";font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:local("Open Sans Bold"),local("OpenSans-Bold"),url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/GoogleFonts-OpenSans-Bold1-v15.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0100-024F, U+0259, U+1E00-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20CF, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:"Open Sans";font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:local("Open Sans Bold"),local("OpenSans-Bold"),url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/GoogleFonts-OpenSans-Bold2-v15.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+2000-206F, U+2074, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD}@media screen{*{margin:0;padding:0}}*{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}::-webkit-input-placeholder,::-ms-input-placeholder,::-moz-placeholder,::placeholder{color:#777;opacity:1}input[type=text]:placeholder-shown{color:black;opacity:1}:link,:visited{text-decoration:none}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,code{font-size:1em}h1,.h1{font-size:180%}h2,.h2{font-size:150%}a img,:link img,:visited img{border:none}a{color:#004B87;outline:none;cursor:pointer}a:hover{color:#8e004d}a:visited{color:#8e004d}table{border-spacing:0}img{vertical-align:text-bottom}iframe{border:0 none}input,button,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}label{font-weight:bold}legend{display:block;margin-bottom:17px;color:#333333}.clearfix::after,.eea-container::after,.row::after,.form-horizontal .form-group::after,.nav::after,.navbar::after,.navbar-header::after,.navbar-collapse::after{clear:both}.clearfix::before,.clearfix::after,.eea-container::before,.eea-container::after,.row::before,.row::after,.form-horizontal .form-group::before,.form-horizontal .form-group::after,.nav::before,.nav::after,.navbar::before,.navbar::after,.navbar-header::before,.navbar-header::after,.navbar-collapse::before,.navbar-collapse::after{content:" ";display:table}.visualClear{display:block;clear:both}.hiddenStructure{border:0 !important;clip:rect(0 0 0 0) !important;clip-path:inset(50%) !important;height:1px !important;margin:-1px !important;overflow:hidden !important;padding:0 !important;position:absolute !important;white-space:nowrap !important;width:1px !important}.eea-slide-tooltips,#portal-logo-link-header,.navbar-toggle,.hiddenElem,.site-description,#print-warning,#portaltab-eeahome,#portal-searchbox,#edit-bar{display:none}.hidden{display:none !important}html{font-size:1rem;font-weight:400}body{font:87.5% "Open Sans","Segoe UI", Tahoma, sans-serif;color:#333;margin:0;padding:0;line-height:1.5}#globalnav-holder{display:block}#visual-portal-wrapper{max-width:1400px;margin:30px auto 0 auto;padding:0;clear:both}#footer-wrapper{background-color:#004B87;margin:2em 0 0 0;padding:1.125rem 0;clear:both}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{color:inherit;font-weight:bold;font-family:"Open Sans", Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;line-height:1.2}p{font-family:"Open Sans", Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;margin:0 0 1rem 0}ul{margin:0 0 0 1.5em}.space-between{justify-content:space-between}.flex{display:flex}.flex-container{max-width:1024px;width:100%;margin:auto;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.eea-container{margin:0 auto;padding:0 15px;max-width:1400px}.fullwidth .eea-container{max-width:100%}.pull-left{float:left !important}.pull-right{float:right !important}.list-items>li{display:list-item}.contentViews li{display:inline}.list-inline li{display:inline !important}.list-inline li::before{content:" "}.eea-sliding-section{-webkit-transition:all .25s ease-out;-o-transition:all .25s ease-out;-moz-transition:all .25s ease-out;transition:all .25s ease-out;will-change:transform;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0);overflow:hidden}.overflow-initial{overflow:initial}@media screen{.width-full{width:100%}.row{width:100%;display:block;position:relative}.cell{position:relative;float:left}.width-3\:4{width:63.5%}}.width-1\:4{width:35.5%}.panel{display:none;z-index:600;background:transparent;border:0}#header-holder{width:100%;clear:both;display:block;position:relative}#header-holder .navbar{background-color:#FFF;border-bottom:1px solid #ececec}.navbar-toggle{position:relative;float:right;padding:9px 10px;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:8px;background:transparent none;border:1px solid #ddd;cursor:pointer}.navbar-collapse{visibility:hidden;display:none}#portal-top{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}#portal-header{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;clear:both;position:relative;margin:0 auto;overflow:inherit;min-height:60px;height:60px;z-index:initial;width:100%}#printLogo{display:block;width:auto;height:40px;min-width:209px}#portal-globalnav{clear:both;display:flex;height:50px;list-style:none;margin:0 auto;max-width:1024px;padding:0;position:relative}.secondary-portaltabs{color:#666;display:flex;margin:0;position:relative}#secondary-globalnav-tips{width:0;padding:0 !important;font-size:12px}.portal-globalnav>li,.secondary-portaltabs>li{margin:0;min-height:50px;display:flex;line-height:normal}.portal-globalnav>li>a,.eea-siteaction>a{display:flex;align-items:center}.portal-globalnav>li>a{color:inherit;padding:1em 0.75em}#portal-personaltools-wrapper{display:none}.eea-siteaction>a,.eea-siteaction>a:hover,.eea-siteaction .eea-icon{color:inherit;cursor:pointer}.siteaction-title{display:none;margin-left:0.2em}#siteaction-chooselang-menu .siteaction-title,#siteaction-search-menu .siteaction-title{display:inline-block}#siteaction-europe-menu{padding-left:1em;padding-right:0}.icon-siteaction-europe-flag{background:url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/europe-flag.svg) no-repeat top left;display:inline-block;width:60px;height:38px;-webkit-background-size:contain;background-size:contain}.fullwidth #portal-globalnav,.fullwidth #portal-header,.fullwidth .flex-container,.fullwidth #visual-portal-wrapper{max-width:100%}.fullwidth #visual-portal-wrapper{overflow:hidden}.fullwidth #portal-columns{min-width:100%}.moreLink{border:0 !important;display:inline-block;padding-left:20px;position:relative}.moreLink:before{content:"\f138";font-family:FontAwesome;font-size:16px;color:gray;position:absolute;margin-left:-18px;top:3px}.eea-btn.moreLink:before{color:inherit;top:23.5%}#eea-above-columns{min-height:1px;background-color:#FFF}.plone-breadcrumb{border-width:0 0 1px 0;border-style:solid;border-color:#ececec;font-size:12px}#breadcrumbs-home{padding-left:0}.plone-breadcrumb-list>li{font-weight:400;display:inline-block;position:relative;padding:0 0 0 25px;margin:0;line-height:1}.plone-breadcrumb-list{display:inline-block;padding:8px 0;list-style:none;margin:0}.plone-breadcrumb-list .eea-icon{vertical-align:0}.fullwidth .plone-breadcrumb .container{margin:0;min-width:100%}.plone-breadcrumb-list>li+li:after{content:"\f054";position:absolute;color:#cccccc;padding:0;font-family:"FontAwesome";top:0;left:6px}.plone-breadcrumb a{color:#086ca3}.plone-breadcrumb .breadcrumbSeparator,.plone-breadcrumb #breadcrumbs-you-are-here{display:none}#region-content,.content-header{position:relative}#content-core{clear:both}.content-core-wrapper{position:relative}#portal-column-two-wrapper{top:1.5rem;position:absolute;right:-387px;width:100%;max-width:300px;z-index:2;padding-bottom:2em;overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:thin}.portlet .navTreeLevel0>li:first-child>a{border-top:0}.portletNavigationTree a:visited{color:#274357}#firstHeader{margin:0 0 5px 0;line-height:1.2;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:bold}.navTree{list-style:none none;margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0}.navTreeItem{display:block !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important}.navTreeItem img{width:16px;height:16px}.portlet .navTree li a{margin:0;padding:10px;border-top:1px solid #d3d3d3;font-weight:normal;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;position:relative}.navTreeItem a,.portletItem .navTreeItem a{color:#274357;display:block;text-decoration:none}.mobile-only .portletNavigationTree{background:transparent;border:0;width:100%;margin-bottom:0}.mobile-only .navTreeLevel0>li:first-child>a{padding-top:0}.mobile-only #firstHeader{font-weight:normal;font-size:1.15rem}.mobile-only .portletNavigationTree .portletSubMenuHeader,.mobile-only .portletNavigationTree .portletSubMenuHeader:hover{background-color:transparent;font-weight:normal}.mobile-only .portletNavigationTree,.mobile-only .portletNavigationTree .eea-icon-left:after,.mobile-only .portletHeader .eea-icon-left:after,.mobile-only .portletHeader>a,.mobile-only .portlet .navTree li a{color:#FFF !important}.mobile-only .navTree a:hover{color:#FFF !important}.mobile-only .navTree a:hover:after,.mobile-only .navTreeCurrentItem:after{border-left-color:#FFF !important}#portal-globalnav .mobile-only+.mobile-only,#portal-globalnav .mobile-only:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #d3d3d3}@media (min-width: 1025px){#portal-column-two-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{width:7px;background-color:#f3f3f3}#portal-column-two-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background-color:#CCC}}@media (max-width: 1279px){.mini-header #portal-column-two-wrapper{display:none}}.portalMessage{background-color:#f3f3f3;padding:1em;clear:both}.frontpage .progressbar-viewlet{display:none}.content-header-body{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%}.content-header .documentByLine{order:0;max-width:100%;flex-basis:100%}#themes-tags{order:2;flex-basis:100%;max-width:100% !important}.documentDescription{order:3;width:100%}#article-language{margin:0 0 .5rem 0;position:relative;right:0;display:block;order:2;min-width:170px}.documentExportActions{margin:0;position:relative;right:0;order:2}.documentExportActions .eea-icon-file-pdf-o{font-size:1rem}.megatopics-area{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:center}#megatopics-area{font-size:0.9em;margin-bottom:1.5em;width:100%}.megatopics-area .portlet{margin:0;padding:0;min-height:286px;height:100%;border:0}.portlet-megatopic{flex:1}#megatopics-area .portlet-megatopic{margin:0 1px;border:1px solid #ececec}.portlet-megatopic-header{position:relative;height:170px;background-size:cover}.megatopics-area .portletHeader{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.8);color:rgba(255,255,255,0.9);margin:0;height:auto;padding:1em;position:absolute;bottom:0;width:100%;text-align:left;font-weight:bold !important;line-height:1.2;font-size:1rem}.portlet-megatopic-body{padding:1rem}#megatopics-area .portlet-megatopic-body li{padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0}.portlet-megatopic .list-items{margin:0 0 0 1rem}p,.content-core li{font-size:1rem}.content-core li,.portlet li,.portletStaticText li{margin-bottom:0.25em;display:list-item}.documentContent li a{display:inline}.content-core dt{font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0}.portletHeader,.portlet .portletHeader{font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:1em}#content .featured p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}#main-content{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between}#portal-column-content{min-width:635px;padding:0 15px}body:not(.template-report_view) .width-3\:4{max-width:830px}#portal-column-two .portlet{margin:0 0 1em 0}.column-area,.right-column-area{width:59.5%;flex-basis:59.5%;margin:0 0;padding:0}.right-column-area{width:39%;flex-basis:37.5%;order:1}.frontpage #highlights-area{padding:0;overflow:hidden}.featured,.portlet{margin-bottom:1em;padding:15px;background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #ececec}.figure-left{float:left}#news-header{height:35px;clear:both;display:block;margin:14px 0 5px 0}#news-header h2{border:none;font-size:160%;font-weight:normal;margin:6px;padding:0}#articles-area h2{line-height:1em;border-bottom:0;margin:0 0 0.5em 0}#semantic-data-service{margin-top:0}#topic-selector{position:absolute;margin-top:2.8em;left:0;margin-left:8em}.filter-topic{float:left;text-align:left;width:81%;padding-top:6px;margin-top:0}.gallery-layout-selection{float:right;position:relative;top:5px;list-style:none;margin-bottom:10px;display:inline}.eea-tabs{padding:0 10px 0 0;margin:0 !important;list-style:none none;background-color:#274357;border:1px solid #ececec;border-bottom:0}.eea-tabs::before,.eea-tabs::after{display:table;content:" ";clear:both}#whatsnew-gallery .eea-tabs>li{float:left}#visual-portal-wrapper .eea-tabs.two-rows>li>a{line-height:2.2}.eea-tabs>li{margin:0 !important;padding:0;display:inline-block}.eea-tabs>li>a{color:#fff;display:block;font-size:1rem;padding:8px;position:relative;text-shadow:1px 1px 1px #000000;border:0}.eea-tabs.two-rows>li>a{line-height:1.35}.eea-tabs-panels{border:1px solid #ececec;padding:15px;clear:both}.eea-tabs-panel{display:none}.eea-tabs-panel:first-of-type{display:block}.tileImage{float:left;margin:1em 1em 1em 0}.archives{float:right;margin:1.5em 25px 15px 15px;position:relative;top:8px;line-height:1em}#eea-mobile-shortcut.shortcut-default,#enquiry-service-shortcut.shortcut-default{padding:25px 21px}.shortcut-default{text-align:left;padding:1.5em;background:#ffffff;margin-bottom:1em;border:1px solid #ececec}@media screen and (min-width: 1200px){.content-header .documentByLine{max-width:80%;flex-basis:80%}.documentExportActions{margin:0 0.5rem 0 auto}}@media screen and (min-width: 1250px){.navbar-collapse{display:block;height:auto !important;overflow:visible !important;visibility:visible}.photoAlbumEntryWrapper>.lazy,.tileImage>.lazy{min-width:141px;min-height:100px}.secondary-portaltabs .eea-accordion-panels,#portal-logo-link-header{display:none}}@media (min-width: 1280px){.mobile-only{display:none !important}}@media screen and (min-width: 1360px){.portal-globalnav>li>a,.secondary-portaltabs>li{font-size:15px}}@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active){.hiddenStructure{display:none !important}#portal-logo-link{width:213px;display:block}}/*! */ /*# sourceMappingURL=critical.css.dtml.map */ </style> <style> /* - eea-theme-critical.css - */ /*! (do not remove this :) *//*! *//*! (not this either :) */h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,.h1,.h2,.h3,.h4,.h5,.h6{margin-bottom:1.5rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.2;color:inherit}.h0{font-size:3.75rem !important}h1{font-size:3.125rem}.h1{font-size:3.125rem !important}h2{font-size:2.5rem}.h2{font-size:2.5rem !important}h3{font-size:1.75rem}.h3{font-size:1.75rem !important}h4{font-size:1.5rem}.h4{font-size:1.5rem !important}h5{font-size:1.25rem}.h5{font-size:1.25rem !important}h6{font-size:1rem}.h6{font-size:1rem !important}.h7{font-size:.75rem !important}p{font-size:1.25rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;line-height:1.6}p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.figureHeading{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.6}ul,ol{margin:0 0 1.5rem 1.5rem;line-height:1.6}.list-unstyled{margin-left:0;list-style:none !important}.content-core{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:2rem}.content-core h2:not(:first-child),.content-core h3:not(:first-child),.content-core h4:not(:first-child){margin-top:2.5rem}.content-core h2+h3,.content-core h3+h4{margin-top:0 !important}.content-core li{font-size:1.25rem;padding-left:1rem;margin-bottom:.5rem}.content-core li:last-child,.content-core p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.content-core ul{list-style:square outside url("//www.eea.europa.eu/bullet.gif")}@media print{.content-core ol{margin-left:0}}.indicator-figure-plus-container .warningMessage{display:none}.mini-header:not(.expired-content) .wf-state-published #content-core{background-color:#FFF}.mini-header{overflow-x:hidden}.mini-header .annotator-wrapper{position:inherit}.mini-header .mini-portal-type{position:absolute;padding:.5rem 1.5rem;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.7);top:-2.5rem;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:500;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1;left:-1rem}.mini-header.mini-header-light .mini-portal-type{background-color:#FFF}.mini-header .content-header-body{position:relative;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;padding-top:1rem}.mini-header .content-header-body:before{width:100vw;content:" ";background-color:white;position:absolute;height:calc(100% + 5rem);margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 49.3vw);top:0;z-index:-2;min-height:100px}.mini-header .documentByLine .portalType,.mini-header .content-header-body #themes-tags{display:none}.mini-header .content-header .documentByLine{position:relative;display:flex;align-content:center;justify-content:flex-start;flex-wrap:wrap;flex:1;max-width:initial}.mini-header .content-header .documentByLine::before{position:absolute;width:100vw;left:-15px;display:block;content:" ";border-top:2px solid white;top:-.5rem;max-width:830px}.mini-header.mini-header-light .documentByLine:before{border-top:1px solid #ececec}.mini-header .documentExportActions{margin:0 0 .5rem 1rem;order:5}.mini-header .documentExportActions .export-action-title{display:inline}.mini-header .documentByLineImageCopyright,.mini-header .documentByLineModified{display:inline-block}.mini-header .eea-icon-file-pdf-o{font-size:1rem}.mini-header #portal-column-content{margin:0 auto;min-width:initial;width:100%;float:none}.mini-header[class*="_view"] .width-3\:4{float:none;max-width:830px}.mini-header[class*="_view"] .width-full{max-width:100%}.mini-header .content-core-wrapper{margin-top:3.75rem}.mini-header .content-header{padding:1rem 0 0 0;color:#FFF;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;position:relative}.mini-header .content-header .documentFirstHeading{padding-right:0;min-width:85%;margin:1.25rem 0 2.5rem 0;letter-spacing:-1px;font-size:2.5rem;line-height:1.15}.mini-header .content-header:before{content:" ";width:100%;left:-1rem;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.7);position:absolute;height:100%;z-index:-1;top:0;padding:0 1rem}.mini-header #content-core:before{content:" ";width:100vw;position:absolute;height:100%;background-color:#FFF;z-index:-1;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 49.3vw)}.mini-header .documentDescription{margin-bottom:1.5rem;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:normal;line-height:1.333;width:100%}.mini-header .content-header .documentFirstHeading,.mini-header .content-header .documentDescription{order:1}.mini-header .content-header .documentFirstHeading,.mini-header .content-header .documentExportActions a{color:inherit !important}.mini-header #languageCodes,.mini-header .content-header .documentByLine{order:2}.mini-header .content-header .documentExportActions{order:3;position:relative}.mini-header .content-header>div{order:4}.mini-header .documentByLine,.mini-header .documentDescription,.mini-header .documentByLine a{color:inherit}.mini-header.mini-header-light .documentDescription{color:#333;line-height:1.6;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:bold}.mini-header #themes-tags .listHead{display:none}.mini-header #article-language{margin-top:0;position:relative;order:4;align-self:auto;min-width:auto}.mini-header .documentExportActions+#article-language{margin-left:0.75rem}.mini-header #article-language .eea-icon:before,.mini-header #article-language>a{color:inherit}.mini-header #region-content{padding-top:8em}.mini-header .fiche-endnotes{margin-top:1.75rem}.mini-header.mini-header-light #region-content{padding-top:1px}.mini-header.mini-header-light .content-header{margin-top:100px;color:#000}.mini-header.mini-header-light .content-header:before{background-color:#FFF}.mini-header-below-content-wrapper>.disclaimer{margin-bottom:-2rem}@media (max-width: 660px){.mini-header .content-header-body{justify-content:flex-start}.mini-header .content-header .documentByLine{max-width:100%;flex-basis:100%}.mini-header .documentExportActions{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;margin-left:0}}@media (min-width: 661px){.mini-header #content .documentByLine{max-width:initial;flex-basis:0}}@media (max-width: 767px){html{font-size:0.875rem}.mini-header .content-header:before{width:101%;left:-1.1rem}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px){html{font-size:0.9375rem}}@media (min-width: 1024px){html{font-size:1rem}.mini-header .content-header .documentByLine::before{left:-14.3%;max-width:1001px}.mini-header .content-header #article-language+.documentByLine::before{max-width:990px}.mini-header.mini-header-light .documentByLine:before{max-width:800px !important;left:0}.mini-header.mini-header-light .width-full .documentByLine:before,.mini-header.mini-header-light.portaltype-topic .width-3\:4 .documentByLine:before,.mini-header.mini-header-light.portaltype-folder .width-3\:4 .documentByLine:before{max-width:98vw !important}.mini-header .content-header-body:before{height:calc(100% + 6.25rem)}.mini-header .content-core-wrapper{margin-top:6.25rem}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.mini-header #portal-column-content{min-width:830px}.mini-header #content .documentByLine{max-width:initial}.mini-header .width-3\:4 .content-header:before{width:122%;left:-11%;padding:0}.mini-header .width-3\:4 .mini-portal-type{left:-11%}.mini-header:not(.mini-header-navigation).portaltype-folder .content-header:before,.mini-header:not(.mini-header-navigation).portaltype-topic .content-header:before{width:105%;left:-2.5%}.mini-header:not(.mini-header-navigation).portaltype-folder .mini-portal-type,.mini-header:not(.mini-header-navigation).portaltype-topic .mini-portal-type{left:-2.5%}.mini-header:not(.mini-header-navigation).portaltype-folder #portal-column-content,.mini-header:not(.mini-header-navigation).portaltype-topic #portal-column-content{max-width:100%}}@media (min-width: 1280px){.mini-header .content-header{margin-top:200px}.mini-header-navigation .content-header,.mini-header-navigation .content-core{max-width:830px}.mini-header:not(.mini-header-navigation).portaltype-folder .relatedItems h2,.mini-header:not(.mini-header-navigation).portaltype-folder .relatedItems .eea-tabs,.mini-header:not(.mini-header-navigation).portaltype-topic .relatedItems h2,.mini-header:not(.mini-header-navigation).portaltype-topic .relatedItems .eea-tabs{left:0 !important}.mini-header:not(.mini-header-navigation).portaltype-folder .relatedItems .eea-tabs-panels,.mini-header:not(.mini-header-navigation).portaltype-topic .relatedItems .eea-tabs-panels{margin-left:260px}}@media (min-width: 1280px) and (max-width: 1599px){.mini-header-navigation[class*="_view"] #portal-column-content{float:none;max-width:94%}.mini-header-navigation .relatedItems h2,.mini-header-navigation .relatedItems .eea-tabs{left:0 !important}.mini-header-navigation .relatedItems .eea-tabs-panels{margin-left:260px}.mini-header-navigation .mini-portal-type{left:-2.5% !important}.mini-header-navigation .content-header::before{width:105% !important;left:-2.5% !important}.mini-header-navigation #plone-document-byline:before{max-width:830px !important}.mini-header-navigation .content-header-body::before{width:1615px}}@media (min-width: 1280px) and (max-width: 1399px){.mini-header-navigation #visual-portal-wrapper{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}}@media (min-width: 1400px){.mini-header.mini-header-light.portaltype-topic .width-3\:4 .documentByLine::before,.mini-header.mini-header-light.portaltype-folder .width-3\:4 .documentByLine::before,.mini-header.mini-header-light .width-full .documentByLine::before{max-width:1370px !important}}@media (min-width: 1400px) and (max-width: 1599px){.mini-header-navigation .content-header-body::before{width:calc(100vw + 27.5%)}}@media print{.mini-header .mini-portal-type{top:-3.75rem}.mini-header h1,.mini-header h2,.mini-header h3{margin-top:0}.mini-header ul{list-style:none}}/*! *//*! */ /*# sourceMappingURL=eea-theme-critical.css.dtml.map */ </style> <link rel="preload" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/portal_css/EEADesign2006/ploneStyles1732293714528161049.css" as="style" /> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/portal_css/EEADesign2006/ploneStyles1732293714528161049.css" /></noscript> <link rel="preload" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/portal_css/EEADesign2006/ploneStyles1732293714530894041.css" as="style" /> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/portal_css/EEADesign2006/ploneStyles1732293714530894041.css" /></noscript> <link rel="preload" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/portal_css/EEADesign2006/ploneStyles1732293714531069040.css" as="style" /> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/portal_css/EEADesign2006/ploneStyles1732293714531069040.css" /></noscript> <script> !function(t){"use strict";t.loadCSS||(t.loadCSS=function(){});var e=loadCSS.relpreload={};if(e.support=function(){var e;try{e=t.document.createElement("link").relList.supports("preload")}catch(t){e=!1}return function(){return e}}(),e.bindMediaToggle=function(t){function e(){t.media=a}var a=t.media||"all";t.addEventListener?t.addEventListener("load",e):t.attachEvent&&t.attachEvent("onload",e),setTimeout(function(){t.rel="stylesheet",t.media="only x"}),setTimeout(e,3e3)},e.poly=function(){if(!e.support())for(var a=t.document.getElementsByTagName("link"),n=0;n<a.length;n++){var o=a[n];"preload"!==o.rel||"style"!==o.getAttribute("as")||o.getAttribute("data-loadcss")||(o.setAttribute("data-loadcss",!0),e.bindMediaToggle(o))}},!e.support()){e.poly();var a=t.setInterval(e.poly,500);t.addEventListener?t.addEventListener("load",function(){e.poly(),t.clearInterval(a)}):t.attachEvent&&t.attachEvent("onload",function(){e.poly(),t.clearInterval(a)})}"undefined"!=typeof exports?exports.loadCSS=loadCSS:t.loadCSS=loadCSS}("undefined"!=typeof global?global:this); </script> <title> Agenţia Europeană de Mediu — Agenţia Europeană de Mediu </title>  <meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" /> <div class="eea-i18n-js hiddenElem"> <div id="eeaPaginationNext">următorul</div> <div id="eeaPaginationPrev">anteriorul</div> <div id="eeaPaginationItems">articole</div> </div> <script type="text/javascript">/* jslint:disable */ !function(){var e=function(){function e(){if(!r.isReady){try{document.documentElement.doScroll("left")}catch(t){return void setTimeout(e,1)}r.ready()}}var t,n,o={};o["[object Boolean]"]="boolean",o["[object Number]"]="number",o["[object String]"]="string",o["[object Function]"]="function",o["[object Array]"]="array",o["[object Date]"]="date",o["[object RegExp]"]="regexp",o["[object Object]"]="object";var r={isReady:!1,readyWait:1,holdReady:function(e){e?r.readyWait++:r.ready(!0)},ready:function(e){if(!0===e&&!--r.readyWait||!0!==e&&!r.isReady){if(!document.body)return setTimeout(r.ready,1);if(r.isReady=!0,!0!==e&&--r.readyWait>0)return;t.resolveWith(document,[window.jQuery])}},bindReady:function(){if(!t){if(t=r._Deferred(),"complete"===document.readyState)return setTimeout(r.ready,1);if(document.addEventListener)document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),window.addEventListener("load",r.ready,!1);else if(document.attachEvent){document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",n),window.attachEvent("onload",r.ready);var o=!1;try{o=null==window.frameElement}catch(e){}document.documentElement.doScroll&&o&&e()}}},_Deferred:function(){var e,t,n,o=[],i={done:function(){if(!n){var t,d,a,c,u,y=arguments;for(e&&(u=e,e=0),t=0,d=y.length;t<d;t++)a=y[t],"array"===(c=r.type(a))?i.done.apply(i,a):"function"===c&&o.push(a);u&&i.resolveWith(u[0],u[1])}return this},resolveWith:function(r,i){if(!n&&!e&&!t){i=i||[],t=1;try{for(;o[0];)o.shift().apply(r,i)}finally{e=[r,i],t=0}}return this},resolve:function(){return i.resolveWith(this,arguments),this},isResolved:function(){return!(!t&&!e)},cancel:function(){return n=1,o=[],this}};return i},type:function(e){return null==e?String(e):o[Object.prototype.toString.call(e)]||"object"}};return document.addEventListener?n=function(){document.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),r.ready()}:document.attachEvent&&(n=function(){"complete"===document.readyState&&(document.detachEvent("onreadystatechange",n),r.ready())}),function(e){r.bindReady();r.type(e);t.done(e)}}();window.jQuery=$=jq=function(t,n){return"function"==typeof t?e(t):new jQuery.fn.init(t,n)},window.jQuery.fn=window.jQuery.prototype={init:function(){return this}},window.jQuery.fn.init.prototype=window.jQuery.fn,window.jQuery.fn.ready=e}(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> context_url='https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro';</script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/touch_icon.png" /> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function($){ if (typeof($.datepicker) != "undefined"){ $.datepicker.setDefaults( jQuery.extend($.datepicker.regional['ro'], {dateFormat: 'yy-mm-dd'})); } }); </script> <meta property="og:title" content="Agenţia Europeană de Mediu" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.eea.europa.eu/logo.jpg" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="European Environment Agency" /><meta property="og:description" content="" /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/atom.xml" title="Agenţia Europeană de Mediu - Atom" type="application/rss+xml" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/rss.xml" title="Agenţia Europeană de Mediu - RSS 2.0" type="application/rss+xml" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/RSS" title="Agenţia Europeană de Mediu - RSS 1.0" type="application/rss+xml" /> <link rel="search" href="http://search.apps.eea.europa.eu" title="Căutaţi pe acest site" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/el" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="is" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/is" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/it" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ar" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ga" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ga" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="cs" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/cs" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="et" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/et" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/es" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ru" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="nl" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/nl" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/pt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="no" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/no" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="tr" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/tr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="lv" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/lv" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="lt" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/lt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ro" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/pl" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/fr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="bg" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/bg" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hr" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/hr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hu" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/hu" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="bs" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/bs" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fi" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/fi" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="da" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/da" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sr" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/sr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sq" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/sq" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/sv" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="mk" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/mk" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sk" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/sk" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="mt" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/mt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sl" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/sl" /> </head> <body id="top" class="template-frontpage_view portaltype-folder site-ro icons-on userrole-anonymous is_view_template mini-header mini-header-light scroll-analytics ro frontpage" dir="ltr" data-portal-url="https://www.eea.europa.eu" data-base-url="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro"> <div id="print-warning"> <p>Faceți ceva pentru planeta noastră, imprimaţi această pagină numai dacă este necesar. Chiar şi o acţiune de mici dimensiuni poate face o diferenţă enormă atunci când milioane de oameni o fac!</p> </div> <a class="eea-template back-to-toc-button link-without-style" href="#document-toc" title="Back to table of contents"></a> <div class="eea header"> <div class="top bar"> <div class="ui container"> <div class="item header-top-item official-union"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="European Union flag" class="ui image" /> <div aria-label="An official website of the European Union | How do you know?" role="listbox" aria-expanded="false" class="ui dropdown" tabindex="0"> <div class="divider text mobile-sr-only">An official website of the European Union | How do you know?</div><i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down"></i> <div role="option" class="menu transition"> <div class="content" tabindex="0" role="presentation"> <p>All official European Union website addresses are in the <b>europa.eu</b> domain.</p> <a href="https://europa.eu/european-union/contact/institutions-bodies_en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">See all EU institutions and bodies</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item header-top-item"> <div id="theme-sites" aria-label="dropdown" role="listbox" aria-expanded="false" class="ui dropdown" tabindex="0"> <div aria-atomic="true" aria-live="polite" role="alert" class="divider text"> Environmental information systems </div> <i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down"></i> <div role="group" class="menu transition"> <div class="wrapper" tabindex="0" role="presentation"> <div role="option" class="item"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu" class="site" target="_blank" rel="noopener">European Environment Agency website</a> </div> <div role="option" class="item"> <a href="https://water.europa.eu/marine" class="site" target="_blank" rel="noopener">WISE marine - Marine information system for Europe</a> </div> <div role="option" class="item"> <a href="https://water.europa.eu/freshwater" class="site" target="_blank" rel="noopener">WISE freshwater - Freshwater information system for Europe</a> </div> <div role="option" class="item"><a href="https://biodiversity.europa.eu" class="site" target="_blank" rel="noopener">BISE - Biodiversity information system for Europe</a></div> <div role="option" class="item"> <a href="https://forest.eea.europa.eu/" class="site" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FISE - Forest information system for Europe</a> </div> <div role="option" class="item"><a href="https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/en/observatory" class="site" target="_blank" rel="noopener">European Climate and health observatory</a></div> <div role="option" class="item"><a href="https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/" class="site" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ClimateADAPT</a></div> <div role="option" class="item"><a href="https://industry.eea.europa.eu" class="site" target="_blank" rel="noopener">European Industrial Emissions Portal</a></div> <div role="option" class="item"><a href="https://climate-energy.eea.europa.eu" class="site" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Climate and energy in the EU</a> </div> <div role="option" class="item"><a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/en" class="site" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Copernicus Land Monitoring Service</a></div> <div role="option" class="item"><a href="https://insitu.copernicus.eu" class="site" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Copernicus InSitu</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main bar transparency"> <div class="ui container"> <div class="ui grid"> <div class="four wide computer eight wide mobile eight wide tablet column"> <div> <a title="Site" class="logo" href="/en"><img title="Site" src="/newheader/eea-logo.d80e6aca.svg" alt="European Environment Agency" class="ui image eea-logo" width='347' height='128' /></a> </div> </div> <div class="eight wide computer four wide mobile four wide tablet column"> <div class="main-menu inverted"> <div class="ui text eea-main-menu tablet or lower menu" id="navigation"> <div class="active item"> <a href="/en" title="Home">Home</a> </div> <div class="item" data-id="tip-topic"> <a href="/en/topics" title="Topics">Topics</a> </div> <div class="item" data-id="tip-analysis-and-data"> <a href="/en/analysis" title="Analysis and data">Analysis and data</a> </div> <div class="item" data-id="tip-countries"> <a href="/en/countries" title="Countries">Countries</a> </div> <div class="item" data-id="tip-newsroom"> <a href="/en/newsroom" title="Newsroom">Newsroom</a> </div> <div class="item" data-id="tip-about-us"> <a href="/en/about" title="About us">About us</a> </div> </div> <button class="search-action" tabindex="0" aria-pressed="false" aria-haspopup="true"> <img src="/newheader/search-line.dbe67552.svg" alt="search button open/close" class="ui image" height='54' width='54' /></button><button class="burger-action mobile" tabindex="0" aria-pressed="false" aria-haspopup="true"> <img src="/newheader/menu-line.1c63601f.svg" alt="menu icon open/close" class="ui image" /> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mega-menu" class="slide down hidden transition"> <div class="ui container"> <div class="menu-content tablet hidden mobile hidden" id="tip-topic"> <div class="ui grid"> <div id="at-a-glance" class="three wide column"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="Topics" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled" href="/en/topics" ><span>Topics</span><span> overview</span ><i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right" ></i ></a> </div> <a title="At a glance" class="sub-title" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance" ><span>At a glance</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"> <a title="State of Europe's environment" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/state-of-europes-environment" ><span>State of Europe's environment</span></a ><a title="Climate" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/climate" ><span>Climate</span></a ><a title="Economy and resources" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/economy-and-resources" ><span>Economy and resources</span></a ><a title="Health" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/health" ><span>Health</span></a ><a title="Nature" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/nature" ><span>Nature</span></a ><a title="Sustainability" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/sustainability" ><span>Sustainability</span></a > </div> </div> <div id="topics-right-column" class="nine wide column"> <a title="In-depth topics" class="sub-title" href="/en/topics/in-depth" ><span>In-depth topics</span></a > <div class="ui four column grid"> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Agriculture and food system" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/agriculture-and-food" ><span>Agriculture and food system</span></a ><a title="Air pollution" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/air-pollution-new" ><span>Air pollution</span></a ><a title="Bathing water quality" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/bathing-water" ><span>Bathing water quality</span></a ><a title="Biodiversity: state of habitats and species" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/biodiversity" ><span>Biodiversity: state of habitats and species</span></a ><a title="Buildings and construction" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction" ><span>Buildings and construction</span></a ><a title="Chemicals" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/chemicals" ><span>Chemicals</span></a ><a title="Circular economy" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/circular-economy" ><span>Circular economy</span></a ><a title="Climate change impacts, risks and adaptation" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/climate-change-impacts-risks-and-adaptation" ><span>Climate change impacts, risks and adaptation</span></a ><a title="Climate change mitigation: reducing emissions" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/climate-change-mitigation-reducing-emissions" ><span>Climate change mitigation: reducing emissions</span></a ><a title="Electric vehicles" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/electric-vehicles" ><span>Electric vehicles</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Energy" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/energy" ><span>Energy</span></a ><a title="Energy efficiency" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/energy-efficiency" ><span>Energy efficiency</span></a ><a title="Environmental health impacts" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/environmental-health-impacts" ><span>Environmental health impacts</span></a ><a title="Environmental inequalities" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/environmental-inequalities" ><span>Environmental inequalities</span></a ><a title="Extreme weather: floods, droughts and heatwaves" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/extreme-weather-floods-droughts-and-heatwaves" ><span>Extreme weather: floods, droughts and heatwaves</span></a ><a title="Forests and forestry" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry" ><span>Forests and forestry</span></a ><a title="Industry" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/industry" ><span>Industry</span></a ><a title="Land use" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/land-use" ><span>Land use</span></a ><a title="Nature protection and restoration" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/nature-protection-and-restoration" ><span>Nature protection and restoration</span></a ><a title="Noise" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/noise" ><span>Noise</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Plastics" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/plastics" ><span>Plastics</span></a ><a title="Pollution" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/pollution" ><span>Pollution</span></a ><a title="Production and consumption" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/production-and-consumption" ><span>Production and consumption</span></a ><a title="Renewable energy" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/renewable-energy" ><span>Renewable energy</span></a ><a title="Resource use and materials" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/resource-use-and-materials" ><span>Resource use and materials</span></a ><a title="Road transport" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/road-transport-new" ><span>Road transport</span></a ><a title="Seas and coasts" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/seas-and-coasts" ><span>Seas and coasts</span></a ><a title="Soil" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/soil" ><span>Soil</span></a ><a title="Sustainability challenges" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/sustainability-challenges" ><span>Sustainability challenges</span></a ><a title="Sustainability solutions" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/sustainability-solutions" ><span>Sustainability solutions</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Sustainable finance" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/sustainable-finance" ><span>Sustainable finance</span></a ><a title="Textiles" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/textiles" ><span>Textiles</span></a ><a title="Transport and mobility" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/transport-and-mobility-new" ><span>Transport and mobility</span></a ><a title="Urban sustainability" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/urban-sustainability" ><span>Urban sustainability</span></a ><a title="Waste and recycling" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/waste-and-recycling" ><span>Waste and recycling</span></a ><a title="Water" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/water" ><span>Water</span></a > </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-content tablet hidden mobile hidden" id="tip-analysis-and-data"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="Analysis and data" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled" href="/en/analysis" ><span>Analysis and data</span><span> overview</span ><i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right"></i ></a> </div> <div class="ui four column grid"> <div class="column"> <a title="Publications" class="sub-title" href="/en/analysis/publications" ><span>Publications</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Maps and charts" class="sub-title" href="/en/analysis/maps-and-charts" ><span>Maps and charts</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Indicators" class="sub-title" href="/en/analysis/indicators" ><span>Indicators</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Country fact sheets" class="sub-title" href="/en/analysis/country-fact-sheets" ><span>Country fact sheets</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Datahub" class="sub-title" href="/en/analysis/data-hub" ><span>Datahub</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-content tablet hidden mobile hidden" id="tip-countries"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="Countries" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled" href="/en/countries" ><span>Countries</span><span> overview</span ><i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right"></i ></a> </div> <div class="ui grid"> <div class="eight wide column"> <a title="EEA member countries" class="sub-title" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries" ><span>EEA member countries</span></a > <div class="ui five column grid"> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Austria" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/austria" ><span>Austria</span></a ><a title="Belgium" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/belgium" ><span>Belgium</span></a ><a title="Bulgaria" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/bulgaria" ><span>Bulgaria</span></a ><a title="Croatia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/croatia" ><span>Croatia</span></a ><a title="Cyprus" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/cyprus" ><span>Cyprus</span></a ><a title="Czechia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/czechia" ><span>Czechia</span></a ><a title="Denmark" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/denmark" ><span>Denmark</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Estonia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/estonia" ><span>Estonia</span></a ><a title="Finland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/finland" ><span>Finland</span></a ><a title="France" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/france" ><span>France</span></a ><a title="Germany" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/germany" ><span>Germany</span></a ><a title="Greece" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/greece" ><span>Greece</span></a ><a title="Hungary" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/hungary" ><span>Hungary</span></a ><a title="Iceland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/iceland" ><span>Iceland</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Ireland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/ireland" ><span>Ireland</span></a ><a title="Italy" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/italy" ><span>Italy</span></a ><a title="Latvia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/latvia" ><span>Latvia</span></a ><a title="Liechtenstein" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/liechtenstein" ><span>Liechtenstein</span></a ><a title="Lithuania" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/lithuania" ><span>Lithuania</span></a ><a title="Luxembourg" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/luxembourg" ><span>Luxembourg</span></a ><a title="Malta" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/malta" ><span>Malta</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Netherlands" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/netherlands" ><span>Netherlands</span></a ><a title="Norway" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/norway" ><span>Norway</span></a ><a title="Poland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/poland" ><span>Poland</span></a ><a title="Portugal" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/portugal" ><span>Portugal</span></a ><a title="Romania" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/romania" ><span>Romania</span></a ><a title="Slovakia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/slovakia" ><span>Slovakia</span></a ><a title="Slovenia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/slovenia" ><span>Slovenia</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Spain" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/spain" ><span>Spain</span></a ><a title="Sweden" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/sweden" ><span>Sweden</span></a ><a title="Switzerland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/switzerland" ><span>Switzerland</span></a ><a title="Türkiye" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/turkiye" ><span>Türkiye</span></a > </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="four wide column"> <div class="ui one column grid nested-grid"> <div class="column"> <a title="Cooperating countries" class="sub-title" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries" ><span>Cooperating countries</span></a > <div class="ui two column grid"> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Albania" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/albania" ><span>Albania</span></a ><a title="Bosnia and Herzegovina" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina" ><span>Bosnia and Herzegovina</span></a ><a title="Kosovo" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/kosovo" ><span>Kosovo *</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Montenegro" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/montenegro" ><span>Montenegro</span></a ><a title="North Macedonia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/north-macedonia" ><span>North Macedonia</span></a ><a title="Serbia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/serbia" ><span>Serbia</span></a > </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-content tablet hidden mobile hidden" id="tip-newsroom"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="Newsletter" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled" href="/en/newsroom"> <span>Newsletter</span> <span> overview</span> <i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="ui four column grid"> <div class="column"> <a title="Press releases" class="sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/news"> <span>Press releases</span> </a> <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Feature articles" class="sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/editorial"> <span>Feature articles</span> </a> <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Corporate visuals" class="sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/branding-materials"> <span>Corporate visuals</span> </a> <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Events" class="sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/events"> <span>Events</span> </a> <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Photo competitions" class="sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/photo-competitions"> <span>Photo competitions</span> </a> <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Newsletter and news service" class="sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/newsletter"> <span>Newsletter and news service</span> </a> <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-content tablet hidden mobile hidden" id="tip-about-us"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="About us" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled" href="/en/about" ><span>About us</span><span> overview</span ><i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right" ></i ></a> </div> <div class="ui four column grid"> <div class="column"> <a title="Who we are" class="sub-title" href="/en/about/who-we-are" ><span>Who we are</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"> <a title="Governance" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/who-we-are/governance" ><span>Governance</span></a ><a title="Our knowledge network — Eionet" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/who-we-are/our-knowledge-network-eionet" ><span>Our knowledge network — Eionet</span></a ><a title="Projects and cooperation agreements" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/who-we-are/projects-and-cooperation-agreements" ><span>Projects and cooperation agreements</span></a ><a title="Becoming a climate neutral agency" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/who-we-are/becoming-a-climate-neutral-agency" ><span>Becoming a climate neutral agency</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Key partners" class="sub-title" href="/en/about/key-partners" ><span>Key partners</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"> <a title="European Union partners" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/key-partners/eu-partners" ><span>European Union partners</span></a ><a title="International engagement" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/key-partners/international-engagement" ><span>International engagement</span></a ><a title="Copernicus" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/key-partners/copernicus" ><span>Copernicus</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Careers" class="sub-title" href="/en/about/careers" ><span>Careers</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"> <a title="Vacancies" class="item" href="/en/about/careers/vacancies"><span>Vacancies</span></a> <a title="How to apply" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/careers/how-to-apply" ><span>How to apply</span></a ><a title="Our workplace" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/careers/our-workplace" ><span>Our workplace</span></a ><a title="Traineeships" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/careers/traineeships" ><span>Traineeships</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Procurement and grants" class="sub-title" href="/en/about/procurement-and-grants" ><span>Procurement and grants</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"> <a title="Contracts between €15,000 and €143,000" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/procurement-and-grants/negotiated-procedures" ><span>Contracts between €15,000 and €143,000</span></a ><a title="Contracts above €143,000" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/procurement-and-grants/tenders" ><span>Contracts above €143,000</span></a ><a title="Toolbox" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/procurement-and-grants/toolbox" ><span>Toolbox</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Policy corner: EU policies we support" class="sub-title" href="/en/about/policy-corner-eu-policies-we-support" ><span>Policy corner: EU policies we support</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Working practices" class="sub-title" href="/en/about/working-practices" ><span>Working practices</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"> <a title="Procedures and policies" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/working-practices/procedures-and-policies" ><span>Procedures and policies</span></a ><a title="Personal data protection" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/working-practices/personal-data-protection" ><span>Personal data protection</span></a > <a title="Register of documents" class="item" href="/en/about/working-practices/docs-register"><span>Register of documents</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Contact us" class="sub-title" href="/en/about/contact-us" ><span>Contact us</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"> <a title="Frequently asked questions (FAQs)" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/contact-us/faqs" ><span>Frequently asked questions (FAQs)</span></a ><a title="Ask your question" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/contact-us/ask" ><span>Ask your question</span></a > </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet only mobile only mobile-menu"> <div class="ui accordion"> <button class="active title"> Home<i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right"></i> </button> <div class="content active"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="Home" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled active" href="/en" ><span>Home</span><span> overview</span ><i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right" ></i ></a> </div> </div> <button class="title"> Topics<i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down"></i> </button> <div class="content"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="Topics" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled" href="/en/topics" ><span>Topics</span><span> overview</span ><i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right" ></i ></a> </div> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="State of Europe's environment" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/state-of-europes-environment" ><span>State of Europe's environment</span></a ><a title="Climate" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/climate" ><span>Climate</span></a ><a title="Economy and resources" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/economy-and-resources" ><span>Economy and resources</span></a ><a title="Health" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/health" ><span>Health</span></a ><a title="Nature" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/nature" ><span>Nature</span></a ><a title="Sustainability" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/sustainability" ><span>Sustainability</span></a ><a title="In-depth topics" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth" ><span>In-depth topics</span></a > </div> </div> <button class="title"> Analysis and data<i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down" ></i> </button> <div class="content"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="Analysis and data" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled" href="/en/analysis" ><span>Analysis and data</span><span> overview</span ><i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right" ></i ></a> </div> <a title="Publications" class="item sub-title" href="/en/analysis/publications" ><span>Publications</span></a ><a title="Indicators" class="item sub-title" href="/en/analysis/indicators" ><span>Indicators</span></a ><a title="Maps and charts" class="item sub-title" href="/en/analysis/maps-and-charts" ><span>Maps and charts</span></a ><a title="Country fact sheets" class="item sub-title" href="/en/analysis/country-fact-sheets" ><span>Country fact sheets</span></a ><a title="Datahub" class="item sub-title" href="/en/analysis/data-hub" ><span>Datahub</span></a > </div> <button class="title"> Countries<i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down" ></i> </button> <div class="content"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="Countries" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled" href="/en/countries" ><span>Countries</span><span> overview</span ><i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right" ></i ></a> </div> <div class="accordion"> <button class="title"> EEA member countries<i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down" ></i> </button> <div class="content"> <a title="See all" class="item title-item" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries" ><span>See all</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Austria" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/austria" ><span>Austria</span></a ><a title="Belgium" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/belgium" ><span>Belgium</span></a ><a title="Bulgaria" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/bulgaria" ><span>Bulgaria</span></a ><a title="Croatia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/croatia" ><span>Croatia</span></a ><a title="Cyprus" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/cyprus" ><span>Cyprus</span></a ><a title="Czechia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/czechia" ><span>Czechia</span></a ><a title="Denmark" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/denmark" ><span>Denmark</span></a ><a title="Estonia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/estonia" ><span>Estonia</span></a ><a title="Finland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/finland" ><span>Finland</span></a ><a title="France" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/france" ><span>France</span></a ><a title="Germany" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/germany" ><span>Germany</span></a ><a title="Greece" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/greece" ><span>Greece</span></a ><a title="Hungary" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/hungary" ><span>Hungary</span></a ><a title="Iceland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/iceland" ><span>Iceland</span></a ><a title="Ireland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/ireland" ><span>Ireland</span></a ><a title="Italy" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/italy" ><span>Italy</span></a ><a title="Latvia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/latvia" ><span>Latvia</span></a ><a title="Liechtenstein" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/liechtenstein" ><span>Liechtenstein</span></a ><a title="Lithuania" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/lithuania" ><span>Lithuania</span></a ><a title="Luxembourg" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/luxembourg" ><span>Luxembourg</span></a ><a title="Malta" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/malta" ><span>Malta</span></a ><a title="Netherlands" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/netherlands" ><span>Netherlands</span></a ><a title="Norway" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/norway" ><span>Norway</span></a ><a title="Poland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/poland" ><span>Poland</span></a ><a title="Portugal" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/portugal" ><span>Portugal</span></a ><a title="Romania" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/romania" ><span>Romania</span></a ><a title="Slovakia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/slovakia" ><span>Slovakia</span></a ><a title="Slovenia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/slovenia" ><span>Slovenia</span></a ><a title="Spain" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/spain" ><span>Spain</span></a ><a title="Sweden" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/sweden" ><span>Sweden</span></a ><a title="Switzerland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/switzerland" ><span>Switzerland</span></a ><a title="Türkiye" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/turkiye" ><span>Türkiye</span></a > </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion"> <button class="title"> Cooperating countries<i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down" ></i> </button> <div class="content"> <a title="See all" class="item title-item" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries" ><span>See all</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Albania" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/albania" ><span>Albania</span></a ><a title="Bosnia and Herzegovina" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina" ><span>Bosnia and Herzegovina</span></a ><a title="Kosovo" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/kosovo" ><span>Kosovo *</span></a ><a title="Montenegro" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/montenegro" ><span>Montenegro</span></a ><a title="North Macedonia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/north-macedonia" ><span>North Macedonia</span></a ><a title="Serbia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/serbia" ><span>Serbia</span></a > </div> </div> </div> </div> <button class="title"> Newsroom<i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down"></i> </button> <div class="content"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="Newsroom" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled" href="/en/newsroom" ><span>Newsroom</span><span> overview</span ><i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right" ></i ></a> </div> <a title="Press releases" class="item sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/news" ><span>Press releases</span></a ><a title="Feature articles" class="item sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/editorial" ><span>Feature articles</span></a ><a title="Corporate visuals" class="item sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/branding-materials" ><span>Corporate visuals</span></a ><a title="Events" class="item sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/events" ><span>Events</span></a ><a title="Photo competitions" class="item sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/photo-competitions" ><span>Photo competitions</span></a ><a title="Newsletter and news service" class="item sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/newsletter" ><span>Newsletter and news service</span></a > </div> <button class="title"> About us<i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down"></i> </button> <div class="content"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="About us" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled" href="/en/about" ><span>About us</span><span> overview</span ><i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right" ></i ></a> </div> <div class="accordion"> <button class="title"> Who we are<i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down" ></i> </button> <div class="content"> <a title="See all" class="item title-item" href="/en/about/who-we-are" ><span>See all</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Governance" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/who-we-are/governance" ><span>Governance</span></a ><a title="Our knowledge network — Eionet" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/who-we-are/our-knowledge-network-eionet" ><span>Our knowledge network — Eionet</span></a ><a title="Projects and cooperation agreements" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/who-we-are/projects-and-cooperation-agreements" ><span>Projects and cooperation agreements</span></a ><a title="Becoming a climate neutral agency" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/who-we-are/becoming-a-climate-neutral-agency" ><span>Becoming a climate neutral agency</span></a > </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion"> <button class="title"> Key partners<i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down" ></i> </button> <div class="content"> <a title="See all" class="item title-item" href="/en/about/key-partners" ><span>See all</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="European Union partners" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/key-partners/eu-partners" ><span>European Union partners</span></a ><a title="International engagement" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/key-partners/international-engagement" ><span>International engagement</span></a ><a title="Copernicus" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/key-partners/copernicus" ><span>Copernicus</span></a > </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion"> <button class="title"> Careers<i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down" ></i> </button> <div class="content"> <a title="See all" class="item title-item" href="/en/about/careers" ><span>See all</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Vacancies" class="item" href="/en/about/careers/vacancies"><span>Vacancies</span></a> <a title="How to apply" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/careers/how-to-apply" ><span>How to apply</span></a ><a title="Our workplace" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/careers/our-workplace" ><span>Our workplace</span></a ><a title="Traineeships" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/careers/traineeships" ><span>Traineeships</span></a > </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion"> <button class="title"> Procurement and grants<i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down" ></i> </button> <div class="content"> <a title="See all" class="item title-item" href="/en/about/procurement-and-grants" ><span>See all</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Contracts between €15,000 and €143,000" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/procurement-and-grants/negotiated-procedures" ><span>Contracts between €15,000 and €143,000</span></a ><a title="Contracts above €143,000" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/procurement-and-grants/tenders" ><span>Contracts above €143,000</span></a ><a title="Toolbox" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/procurement-and-grants/toolbox" ><span>Toolbox</span></a > </div> </div> </div> <a title="Policy corner: EU policies we support" class="item sub-title" href="/en/about/policy-corner-eu-policies-we-support" ><span>Policy corner: EU policies we support</span></a > <div class="accordion"> <button class="title"> Working practices<i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down" ></i> </button> <div class="content"> <a title="See all" class="item title-item" href="/en/about/working-practices" ><span>See all</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Procedures and policies" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/working-practices/procedures-and-policies"><span>Procedures and policies</span></a><a title="Personal data protection" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/working-practices/personal-data-protection"><span>Personal data protection</span></a> <a title="Register of documents" class="item" href="/en/about/working-practices/docs-register"><span>Register of documents</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion"> <button class="title"> Contact us<i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-chevron-down" ></i> </button> <div class="content"> <a title="See all" class="item title-item" href="/en/about/contact-us" ><span>See all</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Frequently asked questions (FAQs)" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/contact-us/faqs" ><span>Frequently asked questions (FAQs)</span></a ><a title="Ask your question" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/contact-us/ask" ><span>Ask your question</span></a > </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="search-box" class="slide down hidden transition"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="ui container"> <form method="get" action='/en/advanced-search'> <div class="ui fluid icon input search"> <input placeholder="Search or ask your question..." type="text" name='q' /> <i aria-hidden="true" class="link eea-icon"> <img src="/static/media/search-line.dbe67552.svg" alt="search button open/close" class="ui image"/></i> </div> </form> <div class="search-suggestions"><h4>Try our suggestions</h4><div role="list" class="ui list"><div role="listitem" class="item"><a href="/en/advanced-search?q=What is PFAS?">What is PFAS?</a></div><div role="listitem" class="item"><a href="/en/advanced-search?q=How much have new cars co2 emissions decreased?">How much have new cars co2 emissions decreased?</a></div><div role="listitem" class="item"><a href="/en/advanced-search?q=How many people are exposed to air pollution?">How many people are exposed to air pollution?</a></div><div role="listitem" class="item"><a href="/en/advanced-search?q=How many premature deaths are attributed to PM2.5?">How many premature deaths are attributed to PM2.5?</a></div><div role="listitem" class="item"><a href="/en/advanced-search?q=Which countries use most renewable energy?">Which countries use most renewable energy?</a></div><div role="listitem" class="item"><a href="/en/advanced-search?q=What countries had the highest land take in the EEA-39?">What countries had the highest land take in the EEA-39?</a></div></div></div> </div> <div class="advanced-search"> <div class="ui container"> <div>For more search options</div> <a href="/en/advanced-search" class="ui button white inverted" title="Advanced search" >Go to advanced search</a > </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="eea-above-columns"></div> <div id="visual-portal-wrapper"> <div id="portal-columns" class="row">  <div id="visual-column-wrapper"> <div id="portal-column-content" class="width-3:4"> <div id="viewlet-above-content"> <div id="eea-alchemy-modalEnabled"></div> <div id="sentry" data-sentry-dsn="https://b8f49a13f9704ac88fb4c9bb30539028@sentry.eea.europa.eu/2" data-sentry-env="W1 AWS" data-sentry-ver="23.9.14" data-sentry-user="{}" data-sentry-site="www" data-sentry-server="www-plone-anon-instance-3"></div> </div> <div id="region-content" class=""> <dl class="portalMessage info" id="kssPortalMessage" style="display:none"> <dt>Info</dt> <dd></dd> </dl> <div id="content"> <h1 class="hiddenStructure">Agenţia Europeană de Mediu</h1> <div id="highlights-block"> <div id="main-content" class="content-core">   <div id="highlights-area" class="column-area"> <div class="portalMessage message_disclaimer ma-0"> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-flag"></span><strong>Bun venit la Agenţia Europeană de Mediu (AEM)</strong><br /> <span>Pe acest site puteţi găsi conţinutul disponibil în limba dumneavoastră.</span> <span>Pentru a explora toate produsele noastre şi întreaga noastră bază de cunoştinţe, vă rugăm să vizitaţi <a class="link-plain" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu">site-ul nostru principal</a>, în limba engleză.</span> </div> <div id="below-topics-area" class="whatsnew-listing">  <div id="news-header"> <h2>NOUTATI</h2> </div>   <div id="whatsnew-gallery" data-page="frontpage">   <div class="eea-tabs-panels"> <div class="eea-tabs-panel">  <ul class="gallery-layout-selection list-inline"> <li class="list-layout active-list"> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-marginless eea-icon-th-list eea-icon-lg"></span> </li> <li class="album-layout"> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-marginless eea-icon-th eea-icon-lg"></span> </li> </ul> <div class="gallery-ajax visualClear"> <div class=" gallery-listing ">   <div class="entries"> <div class="tileItem visualIEFloatFix"> <a class="tileImage " href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/highlights/imbunatatirea-calitatii-reciclarii-va-sprijini" title="Îmbunătățirea calității reciclării va sprijini economia circulară"> <img class="lazy" src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/highlights/imbunatatirea-calitatii-reciclarii-va-sprijini/image_mini" title="Îmbunătățirea calității reciclării va sprijini economia circulară" alt="Îmbunătățirea calității reciclării va sprijini economia circulară" /> </a> <div class="tileContent"> <h2 class="tileHeadline"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/highlights/imbunatatirea-calitatii-reciclarii-va-sprijini" class=" state-published" title="Îmbunătățirea calității reciclării va sprijini economia circulară">Îmbunătățirea calității reciclării va sprijini economia circulară</a> </h2> <span>Știri</span> <span class="date"> 2024-12-20 </span> </div> <p class="tileBody"> <span class="description">Europa și-a stabilit obiective ambițioase cu scopul de a crea o economie circulară competitivă, care poate juca un rol esențial în sprijinirea inovării, a decarbonizării și a securității. Este o tranziție necesară inclusiv pentru a stopa pierderea biodiversității și utilizarea ineficientă a resurselor naturale. Două note de informare ale Agenției Europene de Mediu, publicate astăzi, prezintă situația economiei circulare și evidențiază nevoia de îmbunătățire a calității reciclării.</span> </p> <p class="tileFooter"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/highlights/imbunatatirea-calitatii-reciclarii-va-sprijini" class="moreLink">Citeşte mai mult</a> </p> </div> <div class="tileItem visualIEFloatFix"> <a class="tileImage " href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/highlights/substante-chimice-eterne-gasite-in" title="„Substanțe chimice eterne” găsite în concentrații peste limitele acceptate în multe corpuri de apă din Europa"> <img class="lazy" src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/highlights/substante-chimice-eterne-gasite-in/image_mini" title="„Substanțe chimice eterne” găsite în concentrații peste limitele acceptate în multe corpuri de apă din Europa" alt="„Substanțe chimice eterne” găsite în concentrații peste limitele acceptate în multe corpuri de apă din Europa" /> </a> <div class="tileContent"> <h2 class="tileHeadline"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/highlights/substante-chimice-eterne-gasite-in" class=" state-published" title="„Substanțe chimice eterne” găsite în concentrații peste limitele acceptate în multe corpuri de apă din Europa">„Substanțe chimice eterne” găsite în concentrații peste limitele acceptate în multe corpuri de apă din Europa</a> </h2> <span>Știri</span> <span class="date"> 2024-12-19 </span> </div> <p class="tileBody"> <span class="description">În numeroase țări europene există tot mai multe motive de îngrijorare legate de poluarea cu PFAS, însă datele de monitorizare sunt adesea insuficient de cuprinzătoare. Evaluarea Agenției Europene de Mediu (AEM) publicată astăzi arată că cele mai monitorizate râuri, ape de tranziție și de coastă și o mare parte a lacurilor din Europa sunt poluate cu cel puțin unul dintre numeroșii compuși chimici extrem de persistenți care sunt considerați nocivi pentru om și pentru natură.</span> </p> <p class="tileFooter"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/highlights/substante-chimice-eterne-gasite-in" class="moreLink">Citeşte mai mult</a> </p> </div> <div class="tileItem visualIEFloatFix"> <a class="tileImage " href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/articles/editorial-este-timpul-sa-acceleram" title="Editorial - Este timpul să accelerăm construirea unei Europe durabile și reziliente"> <img class="lazy" src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/articles/editorial-este-timpul-sa-acceleram/image_mini" title="Editorial - Este timpul să accelerăm construirea unei Europe durabile și reziliente" alt="Editorial - Este timpul să accelerăm construirea unei Europe durabile și reziliente" /> </a> <div class="tileContent"> <h2 class="tileHeadline"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/articles/editorial-este-timpul-sa-acceleram" class=" state-published" title="Editorial - Este timpul să accelerăm construirea unei Europe durabile și reziliente">Editorial - Este timpul să accelerăm construirea unei Europe durabile și reziliente</a> </h2> <span>Article</span> <span class="date"> 2024-12-10 </span> </div> <p class="tileBody"> <span class="description">Economia Europei și starea de bine a cetățenilor săi depind semnificativ de un mediu natural sănătos și rezilient, de o climă stabilă și de utilizarea sustenabilă pe termen lung a resurselor. Odată cu începerea noului ciclu de negociere a politicilor europene, orientările politice ale președintei alese a Comisiei și scrisorile de misiune adresate viitorilor comisari reafirmă calea către sustenabilitate, acordând în același timp o atenție suplimentară competitivității și securității, pentru a mări reziliența Europei la crizele actuale și viitoare.</span> </p> <p class="tileFooter"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/articles/editorial-este-timpul-sa-acceleram" class="moreLink">Citeşte mai mult</a> </p> </div> <div class="tileItem visualIEFloatFix"> <a class="tileImage " href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/articles/interviu-in-cautare-de-solutii" title="Interviu — În căutare de soluții la schimbările climatice: adaptarea joacă un rol esențial"> <img class="lazy" src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/articles/interviu-in-cautare-de-solutii/image_mini" title="Interviu — În căutare de soluții la schimbările climatice: adaptarea joacă un rol esențial" alt="Interviu — În căutare de soluții la schimbările climatice: adaptarea joacă un rol esențial" /> </a> <div class="tileContent"> <h2 class="tileHeadline"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/articles/interviu-in-cautare-de-solutii" class=" state-published" title="Interviu — În căutare de soluții la schimbările climatice: adaptarea joacă un rol esențial">Interviu — În căutare de soluții la schimbările climatice: adaptarea joacă un rol esențial</a> </h2> <span>Article</span> <span class="date"> 2024-07-11 </span> </div> <p class="tileBody"> <span class="description">Impactul schimbărilor climatice și modul în care societățile noastre pot face față și se pot pregăti mai bine pentru amenințările și riscurile la adresa sănătății și stării noastre de bine au fost domenii de lucru esențiale pentru AEM în acest an. Am stat de vorbă cu trei experți, Ine Vandecasteele, Aleksandra Kazmierczak și Eline Vanuytrecht, care au analizat îndeosebi cum ne putem adapta mai bine și cum putem fi mai rezilienți în orașe, precum și cum să identificăm riscurile emergente ale schimbărilor climatice pentru sănătate, cauzate de inundații, secetă și calitatea apei.</span> </p> <p class="tileFooter"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/articles/interviu-in-cautare-de-solutii" class="moreLink">Citeşte mai mult</a> </p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class=" gallery-album hiddenStructure"> <div class="photoAlbumEntry photoAlbumFolder" > <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/highlights/imbunatatirea-calitatii-reciclarii-va-sprijini" title="Îmbunătățirea calității reciclării va sprijini economia circulară" class=""> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapper" > <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapperImg lazy" data-src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/highlights/imbunatatirea-calitatii-reciclarii-va-sprijini/image_mini"></span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitle state-published">„Substanțe chimice eterne” găsite în concentrații peste limitele acceptate în multe corpuri de apă din Europa</span> </a> </div> <div class="photoAlbumEntry photoAlbumFolder" > <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/articles/editorial-este-timpul-sa-acceleram" title="Editorial - Este timpul să accelerăm construirea unei Europe durabile și reziliente" class=""> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapper" > <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapperImg lazy" data-src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/articles/editorial-este-timpul-sa-acceleram/image_mini"></span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitle state-published">Interviu — În căutare de soluții la schimbările climatice: adaptarea joacă un rol esențial</span> </a> </div> <div class="visualClear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="portletFooter"> <p> <a title="arhivă" class="standardButton" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/help/advanced-search"> Toate Articolele </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div id="articles-area" class="right-column-area">   <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/articles" class=" archives link-plain"> <span>Arhivă</span></a> <div class="featured"> <h2 class="column-title"><span>Articol recomandat</span></h2> <div class="featured-highlights"> <div class="figure-left"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/semnale/semnale-2022/articole/editorial-cum-sa-mentinem-directia" class="figure-image-block"> <img alt="Editorial: Cum să menținem direcția spre o Europă durabilă" width="125" height="70" src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/semnale/semnale-2022/articole/editorial-cum-sa-mentinem-directia/image_mini" title="Editorial: Cum să menținem direcția spre o Europă durabilă" /> </a> </div> <div class="featured-highlight-title"> <h3 class="highlight"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/semnale/semnale-2022/articole/editorial-cum-sa-mentinem-directia" class="noPrint">Editorial: Cum să menținem direcția spre o Europă durabilă</a></h3> </div> <div class="featured-highlight-description"> <p>Secetele, valurile de căldură și incendiile forestiere din vara anului 2022 au reamintit clar de ce atenuarea schimbărilor climatice reprezintă o provocare definitorie a secolului XXI. Angajamentul ...</p> <p><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/semnale/semnale-2022/articole/editorial-cum-sa-mentinem-directia" class="moreLink">Citeşte mai mult</a></p> </div> </div> </div>   <div id="enquiry-service-shortcut" class="shortcut-default"> <div id="enquiry-content"> <a id="enquiry-link" href="http://www.eea.europa.eu/contact-us" class="link-plain"> <h2>Contactați-ne</h2>  </a> </div> </div>  <div>  <div style="display:none;"> <div style="width: 280px; height: 250px;" id="subscribe-popup"> <div> <dl class="portlet portlet-subscription"> <dt>Abonamente</dt> <dd class="portletItem"> <span><span><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/subscription/targeted-subscription">Înscriere</a></span> pentru a primi rapoartele noastre (pe hârtie şi/sau în format electronic) şi buletinul nostru informativ electronic trimestrial</span> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <dl class="portlet" id="portlet-followus"> <dt class="portletHeader">Urmăriți-ne</dt> <dd> <a class="link-plain" title="Urmăriți-ne pe Twitter" href="http://twitter.com/euenvironment"> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-marginless eea-icon-twitter-square eea-icon-3x"></span></a> </dd> <dd> <a class="link-plain" title="Urmăriţi-ne pe Facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/European.Environment.Agency"> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-marginless eea-icon-facebook-square eea-icon-3x"></span></a> </dd> <dd> <a class="link-plain" title="Follow us on Linked In" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/european-environment-agency"> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-marginless eea-icon-linkedin-square eea-icon-3x"></span></a> </dd> <dd> <a class="link-plain" title="Urmăriţi-ne pe YouTube" href="http://www.youtube.com/user/EEAvideos"> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-marginless eea-icon-youtube-square eea-icon-3x"></span></a> </dd> <dd> <a class="link-plain" title="Aboneaza-te la RSS Feed" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/subscription/news-feeds"> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-marginless eea-icon-rss-square eea-icon-3x"></span></a> </dd> <dd> <a class="link-plain" title="Aboneaza-te prin e-mail" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/subscription/targeted-subscription"> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-marginless eea-icon-marginless eea-icon-envelope eea-icon-3x"></span></a> </dd> </dl> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="viewlet-below-content"> <div id="socialmedia-viewlet"> <div class="visualClear"></div> <div class="documentActions"> <h5 class="hiddenStructure">Acţiuni asupra documentului</h5> <h2 class="share-title notoc">Distribuiți altor persoane</h2> <table class="table-document-actions"> <tr> <td> <div id="socialmedia-list"> <ul class="social-buttons"> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Distribuiţi pe Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A//www.eea.europa.eu/ro&text=Agen%C5%A3ia%20European%C4%83%20de%20Mediu&via=EUEnvironment"> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-twitter-square"></span></a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Distribuiţi pe Facebook" href="https://facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A//www.eea.europa.eu/ro"> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-facebook-square"></span></a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Share on LinkedIn" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A//www.eea.europa.eu/ro&title=Agen%C5%A3ia%20European%C4%83%20de%20Mediu&summary="> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-linkedin-square"></span></a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Share on Blogger" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog-this.g?u=https%3A//www.eea.europa.eu/ro&n=Agen%C5%A3ia%20European%C4%83%20de%20Mediu&t="> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-bold"></span></a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Share on reddit" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A//www.eea.europa.eu/ro&title=Agen%C5%A3ia%20European%C4%83%20de%20Mediu"> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-reddit-square"></span></a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Share on StumbleUpon" href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/submit?url=https%3A//www.eea.europa.eu/ro"> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-stumbleupon-circle"></span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </td> <td class="action-items"> <ul class="action-buttons"> <li id="document-action-rss"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/RSS" title=""> <img src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/rss.gif" alt="Fluxul de știri RSS al acestei liste" title="Fluxul de știri RSS al acestei liste"/> </a> </li> <li id="document-action-rdf"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/@@rdf" title=""> <img src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/rdf.png" alt="RDF" title="RDF"/> </a> </li> <li id="document-action-semantic"> <a href="http://semantic.eea.europa.eu/factsheet.action?uri=http://www.eea.europa.eu/ro" title=""> <img src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/book_open.png" alt="Metadata sheet on semantic" title="Metadata sheet on semantic"/> </a> </li> <li id="document-action-download_pdf"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/download.pdf" title=""> <img src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/++resource++eea.pdf.images/download-pdf.png" alt="Download as PDF" title="Download as PDF"/> </a> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="visualClear"></div> </div>  </div> <div class="go-top"> <a class="back-to-top-link" title="Back to Top" href="javascript:document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].scrollIntoView()"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-up eea-icon-2x back-to-top-link-icon"></span> </a> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="footer-wrapper"> <div id="bg-wrapper"> <div id="portal-footer"> <div id="portletwrapper-706c6f6e652e666f6f7465720a636f6e746578740a2f7777770a706f72746c65745f666f6f7465725f73656374696f6e73" class="portletWrapper kssattr-portlethash-706c6f6e652e666f6f7465720a636f6e746578740a2f7777770a706f72746c65745f666f6f7465725f73656374696f6e73"> <footer> <div class="footer-wrapper"> <div class="ui container"> <div class="subfooter"> <div class="ui grid"> <div class="four wide computer six wide mobile twelve wide tablet column mobile hidden"> <div class="item"> <div class="site logo"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/"><img src="https://prod-www.eea.europa.eu/static/media/eea-logo-white.da328514.svg" alt="EEA Logo" class="ui image"></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="four wide computer six wide mobile twelve wide tablet column mobile hidden"> <div class="item"> <div class="eionet logo"><a href="https://www.eionet.europa.eu/"><img src="https://prod-www.eea.europa.eu/static/media/eionet.33f37fbf.svg" alt="EIONET Logo" class="ui image"></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="four wide computer twelve wide mobile four wide tablet column"> <div class="item"> <div class="contact-block"> <div class="contact"> <a class="bold" href="/en/about">About us</a> <div class="subcontact"><a href="/en/about/contact-us/faqs#top">FAQs</a><a href="/en/about/careers">Careers</a></div> </div> <div class="contact"> <a class="bold" href="/en/about/contact-us">Contact us</a> <div class="subcontact"></div> </div> <div class="contact"> <a class="bold" href="/en/newsroom/newsletter">Sign up to our newsletter</a> <div class="subcontact"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/euenvironment" aria-label="twitter link"><i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-twitter"></i></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/European.Environment.Agency" aria-label="facebook link"><i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-facebook-square"></i></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/european-environment-agency" aria-label="linkedin link"><i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-linkedin"></i></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/EEAvideos" aria-label="youtube link"><i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-youtube-play"></i></a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ourplanet_eu" aria-label="instagram link"><i aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-instagram"></i></a></div> </div> <div class="ui grid mobile only"> <div class="four wide computer six wide mobile twelve wide tablet column"> <div class="item"> <div class="site logo"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/"><img src="https://prod-www.eea.europa.eu/static/media/eea-logo-white.da328514.svg" alt="EEA Logo" class="ui image"></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="four wide computer six wide mobile twelve wide tablet column"> <div class="item"> <div class="eionet logo"><a href="https://www.eionet.europa.eu/"><img src="https://prod-www.eea.europa.eu/static/media/eionet.49908851.svg" alt="EIONET Logo" class="ui image"></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="theme-sites"> <h3 class="header text-center">Environmental information systems</h3> </div> <div class="theme-sites"> <div class="logos"> <div class="ui stackable five column grid"> <div class="column logo"><a class="logo" href="https://water.europa.eu/marine"><img src="https://prod-www.eea.europa.eu/static/media/marine.74fbfed5.svg" alt="WISE marine" class="ui image"></a><a class="logo" href="https://water.europa.eu/freshwater"><img src="https://prod-www.eea.europa.eu/static/media/freshwater.d9b4b628.svg" alt="WISE freshwater" class="ui image"></a></div> <div class="column logo"><a class="logo" href="https://biodiversity.europa.eu/"><img src="https://prod-www.eea.europa.eu/static/media/bise.e602ff9d.svg" alt="Biodiversity" class="ui image"></a><a class="logo" href="https://forest.eea.europa.eu/"><img src="https://prod-www.eea.europa.eu/static/media/fise.5e390b08.svg" alt="Forest information system for europe" class="ui image"></a></div> <div class="column logo"><a class="logo" href="https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/observatory"><img src="https://prod-www.eea.europa.eu/static/media/climate-health.214ff1d0.svg" alt="European Climate and Health Observatory" class="ui image"></a><a class="logo" href="https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/"><img src="https://prod-www.eea.europa.eu/static/media/cca.c65ed40e.svg" alt="Climate adapt" class="ui image"></a></div> <div class="column logo"><a class="logo" href="https://industry.eea.europa.eu/"><img src="https://prod-www.eea.europa.eu/static/media/industry.79bc8b74.svg" alt="European industrial emissions portal" class="ui image"></a><a class="logo" href="https://climate-energy.eea.europa.eu/"><img src="https://prod-www.eea.europa.eu/static/media/energy.5a7173e6.svg" alt="Climate and energy in the EU" class="ui image"></a></div> <div class="column logo"><a class="logo" href="https://land.copernicus.eu/"><img src="https://prod-www.eea.europa.eu/static/media/copernicus.86ecbf6c.svg" alt="Copernicus land monitoring service" class="ui image"></a><a class="logo" href="https://insitu.copernicus.eu/"><img src="https://prod-www.eea.europa.eu/static/media/insitu.82f82030.svg" alt="Copernicus in situ" class="ui image"></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu"> <div class="ui grid"> <div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column"> <div class="actions"> <a href="/en/privacy">Privacy statement</a ><a href="/en/accessibility">Accessibility</a ><a href="/en/legal-notice">Legal notice</a> </div> </div> <div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column"> <div class="copyright"> <a href="/en/sitemap">Sitemap</a ><a href="https://status.eea.europa.eu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" >System status</a ><a href="./login_form">Login</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="portal-colophon"> <div class="colophonWrapper"> <div class="colophon-section section-bordered"> <div class="section-centered"> <a href="https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu_en"> <div class="media mb-0"> <span class="icon-siteaction-europe-flag" alt="Drapelul UE" title="Drapelul Uniunii Europene"></span> <span class="europe-agency-text">The EEA is an agency of the European Union</span> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="colophon-section section-bordered-inversed"> <div class="section-centered eea-software-info"> <p class="colophon-links"> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-tasks"></span> Engineered by: <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/help/contact-info">Echipa Web AEM</a> </p> <p class="colophon-links"> Software updated on <em>26 September 2023 08:13</em> from version <em>23.8.18</em> </p> <p class="colophon-links"> Software version: <a href="https://github.com/eea/eea.docker.kgs/releases">EEA Plone KGS 23.9.14</a> </p> <p class="colophon-links"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/code" title="Codul pentru dezvoltatori">Codul pentru dezvoltatori</a> </p> <p class="colophon-links"> <a href="https://status.eea.europa.eu" title="Systems Status">Systems Status</a> </p> <p class="colophon-links"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/legal/">Notificări legale</a> </p> <p class="colophon-links"> <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/dk/deed.en_GB" title="Licenţa de Atribuire Creative Commons "> <span class="eea-icon eea-icon-creative-commons"></span> <span>Creative commons license</span> </a> </p> <p class="colophon-links"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/login_form" title="Log in to CMS"> <strong> autentificare CMS</strong></a> </p> </div> </div> </div>  <noscript><p><img src="https://matomo.eea.europa.eu/piwik.php?idsite=3&rec=1" style="border:0;" alt="" /></p></noscript>  </div> <script data-diazo-keep='true' type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": { "http://schema.org/Image": "http://schema.org/ImageObject", "http://schema.org/productID": "http://schema.org/about" }, "@graph": [ { "@id": "#itemList2", "@type": "http://schema.org/ItemList", "http://schema.org/itemListElement": [ { "@id": "LatestNewsListItem4" }, { "@id": "LatestNewsListItem2" }, { "@id": "LatestNewsListItem1" }, { "@id": "LatestNewsListItem3" } ] }, { "@id": "BreadCrumbsListItem2", "@type": "http://schema.org/ListItem", "http://schema.org/item": { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu#breadcrumb" }, "http://schema.org/position": 1 }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro#article", "@type": "http://schema.org/Article", "http://schema.org/author": { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu#author:vincic" }, "http://schema.org/dateModified": "2023-08-01T00:36:03+00:00", "http://schema.org/datePublished": "2006-08-30T09:50:00+00:00", "http://schema.org/description": "ro Agenţia Europeană de Mediu ", "http://schema.org/headline": "Agenţia Europeană de Mediu", "http://schema.org/image": { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_large" }, "http://schema.org/mainEntityOfPage": { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro" }, "http://schema.org/publisher": { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu#organization" } }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_panoramic", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image", "http://schema.org/height": "1080px", "http://schema.org/width": "1920px" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/logo-square.png#logo", "@type": "http://schema.org/ImageObject", "http://schema.org/height": "190px", "http://schema.org/url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/logo-square.png", "http://schema.org/width": "190px" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_icon", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image", "http://schema.org/height": "32px", "http://schema.org/width": "32px" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu#author:vincic", "@type": "http://schema.org/Person", "http://schema.org/name": "vincic" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu#breadcrumb", "@type": "http://schema.org/Thing", "http://schema.org/image": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/image_large", "http://schema.org/name": "European Environment Agency's home page", "http://schema.org/url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_wide", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image", "http://schema.org/height": "183px", "http://schema.org/width": "325px" }, { "@id": "BreadCrumbsListItem1", "@type": "http://schema.org/ListItem", "http://schema.org/item": { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro#breadcrumb" }, "http://schema.org/position": 2 }, { "@id": "LatestNewsListItem1", "@type": "http://schema.org/ListItem", "http://schema.org/position": 1, "http://schema.org/url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/highlights/imbunatatirea-calitatii-reciclarii-va-sprijini" }, { "@id": "LatestNewsListItem2", "@type": "http://schema.org/ListItem", "http://schema.org/position": 2, "http://schema.org/url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/highlights/substante-chimice-eterne-gasite-in" }, { "@id": "LatestNewsListItem3", "@type": "http://schema.org/ListItem", "http://schema.org/position": 3, "http://schema.org/url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/highlights/efectele-expunerii-la-poluarea-aerului" }, { "@id": "LatestNewsListItem4", "@type": "http://schema.org/ListItem", "http://schema.org/position": 4, "http://schema.org/url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/highlights/interviu-ce-ne-pot-spune" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/folder_icon.gif", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_large", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image", "http://schema.org/contentSize": 25576, "http://schema.org/height": "768px", "http://schema.org/thumbnail": [ { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_icon" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_wide" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_large" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_listing" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_panoramic" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_mini" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_thumb" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_landscape" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_preview" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_xlarge" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_print" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_portrait" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_tile" } ], "http://schema.org/url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_large", "http://schema.org/width": "768px" }, { "@id": "#breadcrumb", "@type": "http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList", "http://schema.org/itemListElement": [ { "@id": "BreadCrumbsListItem1" }, { "@id": "BreadCrumbsListItem2" } ] }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_xlarge", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image", "http://schema.org/height": "950px", "http://schema.org/width": "950px" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro#breadcrumb", "@type": "http://schema.org/Thing", "http://schema.org/image": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_large", "http://schema.org/name": "Agenţia Europeană de Mediu", "http://schema.org/url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu#organization", "@type": "http://schema.org/Organization", "http://schema.org/contactPoint": { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu#contact-point-0" }, "http://schema.org/logo": { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/logo-square.png#logo" }, "http://schema.org/name": "European Environment Agency", "http://schema.org/sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/European.Environment.Agency", "https://www.youtube.com/user/EEAvideos", "https://twitter.com/euenvironment" ] }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_mini", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image", "http://schema.org/height": "200px", "http://schema.org/width": "200px" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu#contact-point-0", "@type": "http://schema.org/ContactPoint", "http://schema.org/availableLanguage": [ "Danish", "English" ], "http://schema.org/contactType": "customer support", "http://schema.org/telephone": "(+45) 33 36 71 00" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_portrait", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image", "http://schema.org/height": "1370px", "http://schema.org/width": "771px" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_landscape", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image", "http://schema.org/height": "771px", "http://schema.org/width": "1370px" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro", "@type": "http://schema.org/WebPage", "http://schema.org/productID": "WE4MZNYGUQ", "http://schema.org/publisher": { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu#organization" } }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_thumb", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image", "http://schema.org/height": "128px", "http://schema.org/width": "128px" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_print", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image", "http://schema.org/height": "2000px", "http://schema.org/width": "2000px" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_preview", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image", "http://schema.org/height": "400px", "http://schema.org/width": "400px" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_listing", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image", "http://schema.org/height": "16px", "http://schema.org/width": "16px" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/image_tile", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image", "http://schema.org/height": "64px", "http://schema.org/width": "64px" } ] } </script> <script type="text/javascript">// commented make_nav_blend since we use volto header thus avoiding error var body = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]; var portal_column_two_wrapper = document.getElementById( "portal-column-two-wrapper" ); var enable_nav_blend = body.className.indexOf("mini-header-navigation") !== -1 && portal_column_two_wrapper; var content_core = document.getElementById("content-core"); var qs = document.querySelector.bind(document); // 120363 add breadcrumbs trail from right column nav to mobile nav var make_nav_blend = function() { if (!enable_nav_blend) { return; } var portlet_nav = qs(".portletNavigationTree"); var extra_nav_li = document.createElement('li'); var level = 1; var cloned_portlet_nav = portlet_nav.cloneNode(true); extra_nav_li.className = "mobile-only"; extra_nav_li.appendChild(cloned_portlet_nav); var nav_header = cloned_portlet_nav.querySelector("#firstHeader"); var submenu_headers = cloned_portlet_nav.querySelectorAll(".portletSubMenuHeader"); if (submenu_headers.length < 2) { submenu_headers[0].style.display = "none"; portlet_nav.querySelector(".portletSubMenuHeader").style.display = "none"; } var nav_header_link = nav_header.querySelector("a"); var nav_header_href = nav_header_link.href; var nav_header_list = document.createElement("li"); var global_nav = qs("#portal-globalnav"); var global_nav_root_link = Array.prototype.filter.call(global_nav.querySelectorAll("a"), function(item) { return nav_header_href.indexOf(item.href) !== -1; }); var global_nav_root_li; if (!global_nav_root_link.length) { global_nav_root_li = document.createElement("li"); global_nav_root_li.className = "mobile-only"; global_nav_root_li.appendChild(nav_header_link); cloned_portlet_nav.removeChild(nav_header); global_nav.appendChild(global_nav_root_li); global_nav_root_li.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', extra_nav_li); } else { global_nav_root_link = global_nav_root_link[0]; global_nav_root_li = global_nav_root_link.parentNode; global_nav_root_li.className = ""; // level += 1; if (global_nav_root_link.href !== nav_header_href) { nav_header_list.className = "mobile-only"; nav_header_link.className = "pl-" + level; nav_header_list.appendChild(nav_header_link); global_nav_root_li.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', nav_header_list); nav_header_list.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', extra_nav_li); } else { global_nav_root_li.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', extra_nav_li); } cloned_portlet_nav.removeChild(nav_header); } }; //make_nav_blend(); window.enlarge_content_area = function() { if (!enable_nav_blend) { return; } var window_width = window.innerWidth; if (window_width < 1280) { return; } var portal_column_two_height = portal_column_two_wrapper.clientHeight; if (portal_column_two_height > content_core.clientHeight) { content_core.style.minHeight = (portal_column_two_height - 150) + "px"; } }; window.enlarge_content_area(); </script> <script type="text/javascript">var w_inner_height = window.innerHeight; var w_inner_width = window.innerWidth; function isElementInViewport(el) { // Detect if element is in viewport var rect = el.getBoundingClientRect(); return ( rect.top > 0 && rect.left > 0 && rect.bottom <= w_inner_height && rect.right <= w_inner_width); } function enableLazy(element) { var source = element.src; var classes = element.className.length ? element.className + ' ' : ''; if (classes.indexOf('skip_lazy') === -1) { element.className = classes + 'lazy'; element.setAttribute('data-src', source); element.src = 'data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='; return false; } return true; } window.lazyElements = []; var imgs = document.querySelectorAll('img'); /* #119674 skip lazy loading for design_ urls as it makes it easier to have * code display without any url modifications done by the lazy loading */ if (window.location.href.indexOf('/code') !== -1) { imgs = []; } Array.prototype.forEach.call(imgs, function(el) { if (isElementInViewport(el) === false) { if (enableLazy(el)) { window.lazyElements.push(el); } } }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/portal_javascripts/EEADesign2006/ploneScripts1732293708349582911.js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Agenţia Europeană de Mediu — Agenţia Europeană de Mediu