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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- CSRF Token --> <meta name="csrf-token" content="dVNBIHidZn7pztJCq3vS9DO3Gq5hTy1vIl1bg8Um"> <title>TSHA</title> <!-- custom meta --> <!-- General --> <meta name="title" content="Texas State Historical Association" /> <meta name="description" content="Your Texas. Your History." /> <meta name="application-name" content="Texas State Historical Association" /> <meta name="copyright" content="Texas State Historical Association" /> <meta name="owner" content="Texas State Historical Association" /> <meta name="author" content="Texas State Historical Association" /> <meta name="url" content="https://www.tshaonline.org/home" /> <!-- Open Graph --> <meta property="og:title" content="Texas State Historical Association" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Your Texas. 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Styles: --> <!-- style: app styles --> <link href="https://www.tshaonline.org/css/app.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- style: app overrides --> <link href="https://www.tshaonline.org/css/style.css?v=3.8" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body class="homepage home front" > <div id="top"></div> <div id="app"> <div id="primary-site-header" class="container-fluid bg-blue-500 no-print"> <div class="container-fluid limit-width-xl"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 px-lg-0"> <nav class="megamenu-navbar navbar navbar-expand-lg d-flex flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap has-sitewide-notification"> <a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/home" class="megamenu-logo-link d-block"> <img src="https://www.tshaonline.org/images/logo--tsha--fff.png" alt="TSHA logo" height="140" class="megamenu-logo-img img-fluid"> </a> <!-- sitewide notifications --> <div id="sitewide-notification" class="sitewide-notification text-white small pl-0 px-sm-4 pt-3 pt-sm-0 pt-lg-2 pl-lg-5 pr-lg-2 px-xl-5 ml-sm-auto ml-lg-0"> <div class="sitewide-notification-wrapper mx-auto"> <p><a href="https://www.legacyoftexas.com/product/texas-almanac-2024-2025" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Get the 72nd edition of our essential reference book, <em>Texas Almanac 2024-2025</em>, featuring updated data, maps, and information about our Great state. <strong>Available now!</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <button class="navbar-toggler border-white p-3 mx-auto ml-sm-auto mr-sm-0 mb-2 no-print" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNavDropdown" aria-controls="navbarNavDropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <i class="fa fa-bars text-white"></i> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNavDropdown"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto sans-serif-font align-items-center"> <!-- handbook --> <li class="nav-item d-lg-none mt-4"> <a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook" class="text-white nav-link primary-link"> Handbook of Texas </a> </li> <!-- about --> <li class="nav-item 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Handbook <span class="d-lg-none d-3xl-inline-block">of Texas</span> </a> <div aria-labelledby="handbook" class="dropdown-menu border-0 p-0 m-0"> <div class="container px-5"> <div class="row bg-white rounded-0 m-0 pr-3 shadow-custom"> <div class="col-lg-9"> <div class="p-3 p-lg-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-6 mb-4"> <h6 class="font-weight-bold text-uppercase mb-2"> Handbook of Texas </h6> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Welcome / Homepage</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/browse/all" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Browse Entries</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/texas-day-by-day" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Texas Day by Day</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-6 mb-4"> <h6 class="font-weight-bold text-uppercase mb-2"> Show Your Support </h6> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="nav-item"><a 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</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 px-3 d-none d-lg-block" style="background: center center url('/images/handbook/handbook-home.png') no-repeat; background-size: contain;"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <!-- megamenu-publications --> <li class="nav-item dropdown megamenu d-none d-lg-block"> <a id="publications" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="primary-link text-light text-center nav-link dropdown-toggle "> Publications </a> <div aria-labelledby="publications" class="dropdown-menu border-0 p-0 m-0"> <div class="container px-5"> <div class="row bg-white rounded-0 m-0 pr-3 shadow-custom"> <div class="col-lg-9"> <div class="p-3 p-lg-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 mb-1"> <h6 class="font-weight-bold text-uppercase"> <a class="text-dark" href="https://www.legacyoftexas.com/">Legacy of Texas<i class="fa fa-external-link small pl-2" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </h6> <ul class="list-unstyled mb-4"> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.legacyoftexas.com/product-category/books/tsha-press" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">TSHA Press</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.legacyoftexas.com/product-tag/texas-almanac" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Texas Almanac</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.legacyoftexas.com/product-category/journals" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">SHQ</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.legacyoftexas.com/product-category/books/collectible-books" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Rare & Collectible</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.legacyoftexas.com/product-category/books/preowned-books" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Preowned Books</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.legacyoftexas.com/product-category/maps" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Texas Maps</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.legacyoftexas.com/product-category/texas-art" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Texas Art</a></li> </ul> <h6 class="font-weight-bold text-uppercase"> Publications </h6> <ul class="list-unstyled mb-0"> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/publications" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Browse All</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-6 mb-1"> <h6 class="font-weight-bold text-uppercase"> TSHA Press Help Topics </h6> <ul class="list-unstyled mb-5 pb-1"> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/about/contact/tsha-press-staff" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Contact TSHA Press</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/help-topics/tsha-press/information-for-authors" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Information for Authors</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/help-topics/tsha-press/order-information" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Ordering Information</a></li> </ul> <h6 class="font-weight-bold text-uppercase"> <abbr title="Southwestern Historical Quarterly">SHQ</abbr> Help Topics </h6> <ul class="list-unstyled mb-0"> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/about/contact/shq-staff" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Contact SHQ Staff</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/help-topics/shq/subscriptions-and-advertising" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Subscriptions & Advertising</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/help-topics/shq/information-for-authors" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Information for Authors</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/help-topics/shq/information-for-reviewers" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Information for Reviewers</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 px-3 d-none d-lg-block"> <h6 class="font-weight-bold text-uppercase pt-4"> <a class="text-dark" href="https://www.legacyoftexas.com/product/eleven-days-on-the-colorado-the-standoff-between-the-texian-and-mexican-armies-and-the-pivotal-battle-unfought">New Release<i class="fa fa-external-link small pl-2" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </h6> <figure class="mt-2"> <a href="https://www.legacyoftexas.com/product/eleven-days-on-the-colorado-the-standoff-between-the-texian-and-mexican-armies-and-the-pivotal-battle-unfought"> <img src="https://www.tshaonline.org/images/publications/book-cover--11-days-on-the-colorado.jpg" alt="New Release" class="img-fluid"> </a> <figcaption class="text-center"> <a href="https://www.legacyoftexas.com/product/eleven-days-on-the-colorado-the-standoff-between-the-texian-and-mexican-armies-and-the-pivotal-battle-unfought"><em>11 Days on the Colorado</em>, by <br> James E. Basher</a> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <!-- megamenu-about-us --> <li class="nav-item dropdown megamenu d-none d-lg-block"> <a id="about-us" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="primary-link text-light text-center nav-link dropdown-toggle "> About <span class="d-lg-none d-3xl-inline-block">Us</span> </a> <div aria-labelledby="about-us" class="dropdown-menu border-0 p-0 m-0"> <div class="container px-5"> <div class="row bg-white rounded-0 m-0 pr-3 shadow-custom"> <div class="col-lg-9"> <div class="p-3 p-lg-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 mb-5"> <h6 class="font-weight-bold text-uppercase"> <a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/about" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0 text-dark">About Us</a> </h6> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/about" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Welcome / About TSHA</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/about/sponsors" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Sponsors &amp; Contributors</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/awards" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Award &amp; Fellowship Opportunities</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/about/contact" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/about/faq" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/press" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Information for the Press</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/about/#policies" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Policies &amp; Financials</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-6 mb-5"> <h6 class="font-weight-bold text-uppercase"> <a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/events" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0 text-dark">Events</a> </h6> <ul class="list-unstyled mb-4"> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://am.tsha.events/" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Annual Meeting<i class="fa fa-external-link small pl-2" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.sanjacintosymposium.com/" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">San Jacinto Symposium<i class="fa fa-external-link small pl-2" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.mytsha.com/digital-library/collections/texas-talks" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Texas Talks<i class="fa fa-external-link small pl-2" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> </ul> <h6 class="font-weight-bold text-uppercase pt-2"> <a href="https://tsha.wildapricot.org" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0 text-dark">Members</a> </h6> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://tsha.wildapricot.org" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Login<i class="fa fa-external-link small pl-2" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://tsha.wildapricot.org/members-only" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Members Only<i class="fa fa-external-link small pl-2" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-6 mb-2"> <h6 class="font-weight-bold text-uppercase"> <a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/about/#people-of-tsha" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0 text-dark">People of TSHA</a> </h6> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/about/#board" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Board of Directors</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/about/#staff" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Staff &amp; Volunteers</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/about/#committees" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Committees</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/about/people" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Browse all</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-6 mb-2"> <h6 class="font-weight-bold text-uppercase"> <a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/education" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0 text-dark">Education</a> </h6> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://juniorhistorians.club/" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Junior Historians of Texas<i class="fa fa-external-link small pl-2" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://webbsociety.club/" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Walter Prescott Webb Historical Society<i class="fa fa-external-link small pl-2" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="https://texashistoryday.com/" class="nav-link mt-1 py-0">Texas History Day (THD)<i class="fa fa-external-link small pl-2" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 px-3 d-none d-lg-block"> <h6 class="font-weight-bold text-uppercase pt-4"> Become a Member </h6> <figure class="mt-2"> <a href="https://tsha.wildapricot.org"> <img src="https://www.tshaonline.org/images/about/bg--megamenu--about-us-flag.jpg?v=1" alt="New Release" class="img-fluid" title="Photo by Naassom Azevedo on Unsplash"> </a> <figcaption style="font-size: 0.925rem;"> <p class="font-italic"> <a href="https://tsha.wildapricot.org">Join our growing community of academics, professionals, and history enthusiasts of all levels and ages.</a> </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <!-- site search --> <li class="nav-item mr-lg-0 d-none d-lg-block"> <a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/search" class="primary-link text-white nav-link search-link "> <i class="fa fa-search pr-2" aria-label="Search"></i> <span class="d-lg-none d-2xl-inline-block">Search</span> </a> </li> <!-- support tsha --> <li class="nav-item d-none d-xl-custom-1108-block" style="margin-left: -0.62rem !important;"> <span class="text-white" aria-hidden="true">|</span> <a href="https://tsha.wildapricot.org" class="primary-link text-white nav-link search-link ml-0" style="font-weight: 600;"> Support <span class="d-none d-xl-custom-1580-inline">TSHA</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- masthead --> <section class="masthead no-print"> <h1 class="masthead-heading"> Your Texas. Your History. </h1> <div class="masthead-content"> <a href="https://tsha.wildapricot.org" class="btn btn-danger btn-lg no-underline border border-white mr-3"> Become a Member </a> <a href="https://tsha.wildapricot.org/donate" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg no-underline border border-white"> Give a Gift </a> </div> </section> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-12"> <main class="pb-5"> <!-- above fold content --> <div class="container-fluid bg-transparent pb-5"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-8 mt-5"> <p class="has-dropcap"> The mission of the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) is to “foster the appreciation, understanding, and teaching of the rich and unique history of Texas and, by example and through programs and activities, encourage and promote research, preservation, and publication of historical material affecting the state of Texas.” </p> <p class="mb-5"> TSHA is the oldest learned society in our state. Organized in Austin on March 2, 1897, the founders of TSHA brought lay and professional historians together to document and celebrate the state’s complex and diverse history. Today, TSHA follows the path laid out by its founders, sharing Texas history and stories of events and people from all walks of life with individuals and organizations across the state, nation, and globe. It supports educational materials and other scholarship that follow the tenets, methods and practices advocated by the professional historical community. </p> <p class="lead"> We rely upon <a href="https://tsha.wildapricot.org/donate">gifts</a> from the community and our <a href="https://tsha.wildapricot.org">valued members</a> to continue to expand our efforts to include all accurate and inclusive histories in TSHA publications, the <em>Handbook of Texas</em> and its special projects, the <em>Southwestern Historical Quarterly</em> and our entire range of educational materials and conferences. </p> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 col-xl-3 offset-xl-1 mt-4 mt-md-5"> <!-- follow us on social media --> <h2 class="h4 mb-3 no-print"> You're our newest friend. Let's keep in touch! </h2> <div class="print-only d-none" aria-hidden="true"> <h1>You're our newest friend. 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