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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Collector's_edition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collector's_edition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Collector's edition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collector's_edition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disc_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disc_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Disc products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disc_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limited_edition_prints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limited_edition_prints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Limited edition prints</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Limited_edition_prints-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Limited edition prints subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Limited_edition_prints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consumer_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumer_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Consumer protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumer_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Milking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Milking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Milking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Milking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonderausgabe" title="Sonderausgabe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sonderausgabe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edici%C3%B3n_especial" title="Edición especial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edición especial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AE%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF" title="نسخه محدود – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نسخه محدود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89dition_Gold" title="Édition Gold – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Édition Gold" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%95%ED%8C%90" title="한정판 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한정판" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%92%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%AA" title="מהדורה מוגבלת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מהדורה מוגבלת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%90%E5%AE%9A%E7%9B%A4" title="限定盤 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="限定盤" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edi%C8%9Bie_special%C4%83" title="Ediție specială – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ediție specială" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edition#Limited_Edition_(Begränsad_upplaga)" title="Edition – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Edition" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="cdx-message__content">The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Term used as a marketing incentive for products</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Deluxe edition" and "Limited edition" redirect here. For the Son Seals album, see <a href="/wiki/Deluxe_Edition_(Son_Seals_album)" title="Deluxe Edition (Son Seals album)"><i>Deluxe Edition</i> (Son Seals album)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Limited_Edition_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Limited Edition (disambiguation)">Limited Edition (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special_edition_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Special edition (disambiguation)">Special edition (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GTI_Fahrenheit_Number.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/GTI_Fahrenheit_Number.JPG/220px-GTI_Fahrenheit_Number.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/GTI_Fahrenheit_Number.JPG/330px-GTI_Fahrenheit_Number.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/GTI_Fahrenheit_Number.JPG/440px-GTI_Fahrenheit_Number.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Numbering edition of 1,200 on the steering wheel of a Volkswagen GTI Fahrenheit</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:lavender"><a href="/wiki/Collecting" title="Collecting">Collecting</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectable" title="Collectable">Collectable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antique" title="Antique">Antique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiquities" title="Antiquities">Antiquities</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Terms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ephemera" title="Ephemera">Ephemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premium_(marketing)" title="Premium (marketing)">Premium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_(marketing)" title="Prize (marketing)">Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souvenir" title="Souvenir">Souvenir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Special edition</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_collectables" title="List of collectables">List of collectables</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Collecting_hobby" title="Template:Collecting hobby"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Collecting_hobby" title="Template talk:Collecting hobby"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Collecting_hobby" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Collecting hobby"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The terms <b>special edition</b>, <b>limited edition</b>, and variants such as <b>deluxe edition</b>, or <b>collector's edition</b>, are used as a <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">marketing</a> <a href="/wiki/Incentive" title="Incentive">incentive</a> for various kinds of products, originally published products related to the arts, such as books, prints, recorded music and films, and video games, but now including clothing, cars, <a href="/wiki/Fine_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine wine">fine wine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">whisky</a>, among other products. A limited edition is restricted in the number of copies produced, although in fact the number may be very low or very high. Suzuki (2008) defines limited edition products as those “sold in a state that makes them difficult to obtain because of companies limiting their availability to a certain period, quantity, region, or channel".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A special edition implies there is extra material of some kind included. The term is frequently used on <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> film releases, often when the so-called "special" edition is actually the only version released. </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collector's_edition"><span id="Collector.27s_edition"></span>Collector's edition</h2></div> <p>Collector's edition may just be another term for special edition and limited edition products that include additional features or items that regular versions do not have. When referring to books, collector's edition products may refer to books in special limited and numbered editions, sometimes hand-bound, and signed by the artist and containing one or more original works or prints produced directly from their work and printed under their supervision. Whatever these extra features or items are, they must represent additional value to collectors of these products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books<span class="anchor" id="Limited_edition_book"></span><span class="anchor" id="Limited_edition_books"></span><span class="anchor" id="Limited-edition_book"></span><span class="anchor" id="Limited-edition_books"></span></h2></div> <p><b>Limited-edition books</b> are released in a limited-quantity <a href="/wiki/Print_run" class="mw-redirect" title="Print run">print run</a>, usually fewer than 1000 copies (much smaller than <a href="/wiki/Publishing_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Publishing industry">publishing-industry</a> standards). Limited-edition books were introduced by publishers in the late 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term also implies that no further additional printings of the book with the same design treatment will take place, unlike open-ended <a href="/wiki/Trade_edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade edition">trade editions</a> wherein further copies may be released in more print runs as the first and subsequent printings sell out.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Limited-edition books may also be numbered or lettered to distinguish in that set each book. For example, a numbered, limited book could have a marking such as "Copy 1 of a limited edition of 250 copies" or "1/250". Much less common is the lettered limited-edition book that could have denotations such as "1 of 26" or "1/26" or "A of 26" or "Copy A", etc. Sometimes a copy of a limited-edition book is stated as being "out of series": this is an unnumbered copy, often a review copy. </p><p>In some instances, the limited-edition version contains additional material not found in the mass-market (or <a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">trade</a>) version of the book, such as <a href="/wiki/Tipped-in_page" title="Tipped-in page">tipped-in pages</a>. Likewise, they are sometimes housed in <a href="/wiki/Slipcase" title="Slipcase">slipcases</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disc_products">Disc products</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">Popular culture</a> widely employs <i>Special, Deluxe, Expanded</i> and <i>Limited Edition</i> in marketing, releasing subsequent, improved versions of film DVDs, music, and video games. Companies widely use special editions and incremental improvements to sell the same products to consumers multiple times. This has been seen in the <i>10th Anniversary edition</i> of <i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a></i>, which simply consists of the first two discs of the previous <i>Special Collector's edition</i>, only with new packaging, and on CD with the <i>30 Year Anniversary Edition</i> of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Exodus_(Bob_Marley_%26_the_Wailers_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exodus (Bob Marley & the Wailers album)">Exodus</a></i>, which has exactly the same content as the original album, but in new packaging.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In many cases, successful film releases have had items made in limited numbers. These "limited editions" usually contain the best DVD edition possible of a film with special items in a <a href="/wiki/Box_set" title="Box set">box set</a>, sometimes containing items available only in the limited edition. Items marked thus are often (but not always) released for a shorter time and in lower quantity than common editions, often with a running number (e.g. "13055 of 20000") printed on the products to boost the rarity feel, as the company implies not to manufacture more. It is also common to have such items packaged with unique designs. </p><p>With the success of DVDs, special editions of films themselves (instead of just special editions of film DVDs) have also become fairly common. Sharing similarities with the concept of a <a href="/wiki/Director%27s_cut" title="Director's cut">director's cut</a> (another long-suffering inflation-by-marketing term). These generally feature additional in-movie material. The material may be footage originally deleted from the final cut, or new digitally-created, interpolated content. Unlike true director's cuts, the directors may not have had part in such projects, such as in <i><a href="/wiki/Superman_II:_The_Richard_Donner_Cut" title="Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut">Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut</a></i>, in which Richard Donner did not help create the new version, just supply the material.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> television movie "<a href="/wiki/The_Five_Doctors" title="The Five Doctors">The Five Doctors</a>" was edited, recut, amongst various other changes, to make the "Special Edition" in 1999 for the first DVD release of the episode. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limited_edition_prints">Limited edition prints</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Edition_(printmaking)" title="Edition (printmaking)">Edition (printmaking)</a></div> <p>Limited edition prints, also known as LEs, have been standard in <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">printmaking</a> from the nineteenth century onwards. A limit to the print run is crucial, as many traditional printmaking techniques can only produce a limited number of best quality impressions. This can be as few as ten or twenty for a technique like <a href="/wiki/Drypoint" title="Drypoint">drypoint</a>, but more commonly would be in the low hundreds - print runs of over a thousand are regarded as dubious by the serious art market for original prints, even though with many techniques there is no loss of quality. </p><p>Edition sizes higher than about 500 are likely to be of print reproductions of paintings, of much less value, though some modern techniques blur this traditional distinction. As in other fields, the use of the concept has become largely driven by marketing imperatives, and has been misused in parts of the market. In particular, lithographic, photogravure, rotogravure, and <a href="/wiki/Giclee" class="mw-redirect" title="Giclee">giclee</a> reproductions of prints, derived from photographs of an original print, which are most unlikely to have any investment value, are often issued in limited editions implying that they will have such value. These need to be distinguished from the original artist's print, carefully produced directly from his work, and printed under the artist's supervision. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consumer_protection">Consumer protection</h3></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> the <a href="/wiki/Fine_Art_Trade_Guild" title="Fine Art Trade Guild">Fine Art Trade Guild</a> ensures the quality and verification of limited edition prints by employing a number of strictly administered regulations for all processes and aspects related to them. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> limited editions are regulated under state <a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">consumer protections</a> laws. California became the first state to regulate the sale of limited edition art prints with the "California Print Law" of 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state of Illinois later expanded on the California statute.<sup id="cite_ref-Print_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Print-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was not until 1986 that more comprehensive provisions, still in place today, were enacted with the passage of the "Georgia Print Law". That law became the template for statutes subsequently enacted by other states.<sup id="cite_ref-Print_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Print-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gignilliat_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gignilliat-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <b>Georgia Print Law</b> written by (former) State Representative <a href="/wiki/Chesley_V._Morton" title="Chesley V. Morton">Chesley V. Morton</a>, became effective July 1, 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-Gignilliat_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gignilliat-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law requires art dealers, artists, or auctioneers to supply information to prospective purchasers about the nature of the print, the number of prints and editions (including HC editions) produced, and the involvement (if any) of the artist in the creation of the print. The penalty for violation of the law ranges from simple reimbursement to treble damages, in the case of a willful violation. Those found to be in violation of the law are also liable for court costs, expenses, and attorney fees. The law applies to works of art valued at more than $100.00 (not including frame). Charitable organizations are specifically exempt from the provision of the law. The statute of limitations is one year after discovery, and, if discovery of the violation is not made within three years of the sale, then the purchaser's remedies are extinguished.<sup id="cite_ref-Print_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Print-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A limited edition is normally hand signed and numbered by the artist, typically in pencil, in the form (e.g.): 14/100. The first number is the number of the print itself. The second number is the number of overall prints the artist will print of that image. The lower the second number is, the more valuable and collectible the limited editions are likely to be, within whatever their price range is. A small number of "artists' proofs" may also be produced as well, signed and with "AP", "proof", etc. Prints that are given to someone or are for some reason unsuitable for sale are marked "H. C." or "H/C", meaning "hors de commerce", not for sale.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2></div> <p>In terms of musical albums, the term "deluxe edition" refers to a re-release of an album, generally a sufficient period after the initial release, featuring extra content related to the album. From the 2000s it has become commonplace for a deluxe edition to be released at the same time as the standard edition. The deluxe edition often includes some or all of the following: extra tracks; <a href="/wiki/Demo_(music)" title="Demo (music)">demo recordings</a> of album tracks; live recordings of album tracks; alternate takes, mixes, or edits of album tracks; <a href="/wiki/B-sides" class="mw-redirect" title="B-sides">B-sides</a> from album singles that did not appear on the album; DVD content, including music videos. These editions are commonly repackaged, with the new content on a second disc and many feature additional <a href="/wiki/Liner_notes" title="Liner notes">liner notes</a>. </p><p>Also, some albums are initially released in two editions, a regular retail version and a "special" or "limited" version in distinctive packaging and often including extras such as a second disc, a video DVD, or liner notes expanded into a hardback book. Generally, the special package is only produced for the first pressing or a set number of copies - some are limited to only being sold at one chain of retailers. It is important to distinguish this from an expanded re-release, since those are generally available widely and for a long period of time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Milking">Milking</h2></div> <p>Milking, or <i>double-dipping</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> refers to the practice of releasing multiple editions of the same product (usually a <a href="/wiki/CD" class="mw-redirect" title="CD">CD</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a>), simultaneously or at different times, with the purpose of enticing consumers to buy more than one edition. This can be done with, for example, a special edition, a director's cut, an ultimate edition, and a collector's edition, sometimes with different features or supplementary material. </p><p>The consumer may be persuaded to purchase multiple editions, with the belief that the additional features or content will be worth paying for a product that is largely equivalent to one already owned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artist%27s_multiple" title="Artist's multiple">Artist's multiple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_set" title="Box set">Box sets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director%27s_cut" title="Director's cut">Director's cut</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output 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Buy It Again!</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special_edition&oldid=1248563664">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special_edition&oldid=1248563664</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Printmaking" title="Category:Printmaking">Printmaking</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Types_of_marketing" title="Category:Types of marketing">Types of marketing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Versions_of_works" title="Category:Versions of works">Versions of works</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 September 2024, at 06:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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