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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wired_connectivity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Wired connectivity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wired_connectivity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wireless_connectivity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wireless_connectivity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Wireless connectivity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wireless_connectivity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synchronization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synchronization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Synchronization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synchronization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wireless_synchronization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wireless_synchronization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Wireless synchronization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wireless_synchronization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operating_systems_of_PDAs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operating_systems_of_PDAs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operating systems of PDAs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operating_systems_of_PDAs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Automobile_navigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automobile_navigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Automobile navigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automobile_navigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruggedized" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruggedized"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ruggedized</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruggedized-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Educational uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Educational_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Educational uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Educational_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Recreational_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreational_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Recreational uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreational_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Personal digital assistant</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A" title="مساعد رقمي شخصي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مساعد رقمي شخصي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%95" title="ব্যক্তিগত অংকীয় সহায়ক – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ব্যক্তিগত অংকীয় সহায়ক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99rdi_cib_komp%C3%BCteri" title="Fərdi cib kompüteri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fərdi cib kompüteri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="পার্সোনাল ডিজিটাল অ্যাসিসটেন্ট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পার্সোনাল ডিজিটাল অ্যাসিসটেন্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2-j%C3%AEn_s%C3%B2%CD%98-%C5%ABi_ch%C5%8D%CD%98-l%C3%AD" title="Kò-jîn sò͘-ūi chō͘-lí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kò-jîn sò͘-ūi chō͘-lí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDA" title="PDA – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="PDA" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organitzador_personal" title="Organitzador personal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Organitzador personal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Digital_Assistant" title="Personal Digital Assistant – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Personal Digital Assistant" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cledrydd" title="Cledrydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cledrydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDA" title="PDA – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="PDA" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Digital_Assistant" title="Personal Digital Assistant – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Personal Digital Assistant" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pihuarvuti" title="Pihuarvuti – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pihuarvuti" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%88%CE%B7%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Προσωπικός ψηφιακός οδηγός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προσωπικός ψηφιακός οδηγός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDA" title="PDA – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="PDA" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%9Dkomputilo" title="Poŝkomputilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Poŝkomputilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDA" title="PDA – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="PDA" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%DB%8C" title="دستیار دیجیتال شخصی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستیار دیجیتال شخصی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_personnel" title="Assistant personnel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Assistant personnel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8_%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4_%EB%8B%A8%EB%A7%90%EA%B8%B0" title="개인 정보 단말기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="개인 정보 단말기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%B1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%85%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Անձնական թվային օգնական – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անձնական թվային օգնական" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F" title="पर्सनल डिज़िटल एसिस्टेंट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पर्सनल डिज़िटल एसिस्टेंट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dlanovnik" title="Dlanovnik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dlanovnik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posh-komputero" title="Posh-komputero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Posh-komputero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asisten_digital_pribadi" title="Asisten digital pribadi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asisten digital pribadi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3fat%C3%B6lva" title="Lófatölva – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lófatölva" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_palmare" title="Computer palmare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Computer palmare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91_%D7%9B%D7%A3_%D7%99%D7%93" title="מחשב כף יד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחשב כף יד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Personal digital assistant" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Қалта компьютері – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қалта компьютері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%AEkareka_Kesok%C3%AE_a_D%C3%AEg%C3%AEtal_(PDA)" title="Arîkareka Kesokî a Dîgîtal (PDA) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Arîkareka Kesokî a Dîgîtal (PDA)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaukstin%C4%ABks" title="Plaukstinīks – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Plaukstinīks" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaukstdators" title="Plaukstdators – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Plaukstdators" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delninis_kompiuteris" title="Delninis kompiuteris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Delninis kompiuteris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmar" title="Palmar – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Palmar" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Digital_Assistant" title="Personal Digital Assistant – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Personal Digital Assistant" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E." title="പി.ഡി.എ. – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പി.ഡി.എ." data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembantu_digital_peribadi" title="Pembantu digital peribadi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pembantu digital peribadi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Personal digital assistant" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%90%BA%E5%B8%AF%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E7%AB%AF%E6%9C%AB" title="携帯情報端末 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="携帯情報端末" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDA" title="PDA – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="PDA" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDA" title="PDA – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="PDA" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmtop" title="Palmtop – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Palmtop" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Personal digital assistant" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Personal digital assistant" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Карманный персональный компьютер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карманный персональный компьютер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDA" title="PDA – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="PDA" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Personal digital assistant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Digital_Assistant" title="Personal Digital Assistant – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Personal Digital Assistant" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dlan%C4%8Dnik" title="Dlančnik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dlančnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ручни рачунар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ручни рачунар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4mmentietokone" title="Kämmentietokone – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kämmentietokone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handdator" title="Handdator – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Handdator" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="தனிநபர் எண்மத்துணை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தனிநபர் எண்மத்துணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%81%D3%99_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Кесә персональ компьютеры – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кесә персональ компьютеры" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cep_bilgisayar%C4%B1" title="Cep bilgisayarı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cep bilgisayarı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%27%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Кишеньковий комп'ютер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кишеньковий комп'ютер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C_%DA%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%92" title="پی ڈی اے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پی ڈی اے" data-language-autonym="اردو" 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Virtual_assistant" title="Virtual assistant">Virtual assistant</a> or <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PalmTX.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PalmTX.jpg/220px-PalmTX.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PalmTX.jpg/330px-PalmTX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PalmTX.jpg/440px-PalmTX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Palm_TX" title="Palm TX">Palm TX</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>personal digital assistant</b> (<b>PDA</b>) is a multi-purpose <a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">mobile device</a> which functions as a personal information manager. Following a boom in the 1990s and 2000s, PDA's were mostly displaced by the widespread adoption of more highly capable <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>, in particular those based on <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> in the late 2000s, and thus saw a rapid decline.<sup id="cite_ref-Obsolete_CompTIA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obsolete_CompTIA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A PDA has an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_visual_display" title="Electronic visual display">electronic visual display</a>. Most models also have audio capabilities, allowing usage as a <a href="/wiki/Portable_media_player" title="Portable media player">portable media player</a>, and also enabling many of them to be used as telephones. By the early 2000s, nearly all PDA models had the ability to access the Internet, <a href="/wiki/Intranet" title="Intranet">intranets</a> or <a href="/wiki/Extranet" title="Extranet">extranets</a> via <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wireless_WAN" title="Wireless WAN">Wireless WANs</a>, and since then generally included a <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>. Sometimes, instead of buttons, later PDAs employ <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> technology. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Psion_Organiser_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Psion_Organiser_1.jpg/220px-Psion_Organiser_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Psion_Organiser_1.jpg/330px-Psion_Organiser_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Psion_Organiser_1.jpg/440px-Psion_Organiser_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1126" /></a><figcaption>Psion Organiser I (1984)</figcaption></figure> <p>The first PDA, the <a href="/wiki/Psion_Organiser" title="Psion Organiser">Organiser</a>, was released in 1984 by <a href="/wiki/Psion_(company)" title="Psion (company)">Psion</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Psion_Series_3" title="Psion Series 3">Psion's Series 3</a>, in 1991. The latter began to resemble the more familiar PDA style, including a full keyboard.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>PDA</i> was first used on 7 January 1992 by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Show" title="Consumer Electronics Show">Consumer Electronics Show</a> in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, referring to the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Apple Newton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Newton_MessagePad_(1993)_-_Computer_History_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Apple_Newton_MessagePad_%281993%29_-_Computer_History_Museum.jpg/220px-Apple_Newton_MessagePad_%281993%29_-_Computer_History_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Apple_Newton_MessagePad_%281993%29_-_Computer_History_Museum.jpg/330px-Apple_Newton_MessagePad_%281993%29_-_Computer_History_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Apple_Newton_MessagePad_%281993%29_-_Computer_History_Museum.jpg/440px-Apple_Newton_MessagePad_%281993%29_-_Computer_History_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3360" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Apple Newton</a> MessagePad (1993) – Computer History Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1994, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> introduced the first PDA with analog cellular phone functionality, the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Simon" title="IBM Simon">IBM Simon</a>, which can also be considered the first smartphone. Then in 1996, <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> introduced a PDA with digital cellphone functionality, the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_9000_Communicator" title="Nokia 9000 Communicator">9000 Communicator</a>. </p><p>Another early entrant in this market was <a href="/wiki/Palm,_Inc." title="Palm, Inc.">Palm</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Palm_(PDA)" title="Palm (PDA)">line of PDA products</a> which began in March 1996. Palm would eventually be the dominant vendor of PDAs until the rising popularity of <a href="/wiki/Pocket_PC" title="Pocket PC">Pocket PC</a> devices in the early 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the mid-2000s most PDAs had morphed into smartphones as classic PDAs without cellular radios were increasingly becoming uncommon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typical_features">Typical features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Typical features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A typical PDA has a touchscreen for navigation, a memory card slot for data storage, and <a href="/wiki/Infrared_Data_Association" title="Infrared Data Association">IrDA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>. However, some PDAs may not have a <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Soft_key" title="Soft key">soft keys</a>, a directional pad, and a numeric keypad or a <a href="/wiki/Thumb_keyboard" title="Thumb keyboard">thumb keyboard</a> for input. To have the functions expected of a PDA, a device's software typically includes an <a href="/wiki/Calendaring_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendaring software">appointment calendar</a>, a <a href="/wiki/To-do_list" class="mw-redirect" title="To-do list">to-do list</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Address_book" title="Address book">address book</a> for contacts, a <a href="/wiki/Calculator" title="Calculator">calculator</a>, and some sort of <a href="/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum">memo</a> (or "note") program. PDAs with wireless data connections also typically include an <a href="/wiki/Email_client" title="Email client">email client</a> and a Web browser, and may or may not include <a href="/wiki/Telephony" title="Telephony">telephony</a> functionality. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Touchscreen">Touchscreen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Touchscreen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palm-IMG_7024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Palm-IMG_7024.jpg/220px-Palm-IMG_7024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Palm-IMG_7024.jpg/330px-Palm-IMG_7024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Palm-IMG_7024.jpg/440px-Palm-IMG_7024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3046" data-file-height="4569" /></a><figcaption>PalmPilot organiser on display at the Musée Bolo, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne" title="École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne">EPFL</a>, Lausanne</figcaption></figure> <p>Many of the original PDAs, such as the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Apple Newton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palm_Pilot" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Pilot">Palm Pilot</a>, featured a <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> for user interaction, having only a few buttons—usually reserved for shortcuts to often-used programs. Some touchscreen PDAs, including <a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a> devices, had a detachable <a href="/wiki/Stylus_(computing)" title="Stylus (computing)">stylus</a> to facilitate making selections. The user interacts with the device by tapping the screen to select buttons or issue commands, or by dragging a finger (or the stylus) on the screen to make selections or scroll. </p><p>Typical methods of entering text on touchscreen PDAs include: </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Virtual_keyboard" title="Virtual keyboard">virtual keyboard</a>, where a keyboard is shown on the touchscreen. Text is entered by tapping the on-screen keyboard with a finger or stylus.</li> <li>An external <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keyboard (computing)">keyboard</a> connected via <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrared_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrared port">Infrared port</a>, or Bluetooth. Some users may choose a <a href="/wiki/Chorded_keyboard" title="Chorded keyboard">chorded keyboard</a> for one-handed use.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handwriting_recognition" title="Handwriting recognition">Handwriting recognition</a>, where letters or words are written on the touchscreen, often with a stylus, and the PDA converts the input to text. Recognition and computation of handwritten horizontal and vertical formulas, such as "1 + 2 =", may also be a feature.</li> <li>Stroke recognition allows the user to make a predefined set of strokes on the touchscreen, sometimes in a special input area, representing the various characters to be input. The strokes are often simplified character shapes, making them easier for the device to recognize. One widely known stroke recognition system is Palm's <a href="/wiki/Graffiti_(Palm_OS)" title="Graffiti (Palm OS)">Graffiti</a>.</li></ul> <p>Despite research and development projects, end-users experienced mixed results with handwriting recognition systems. Some found it frustrating and inaccurate, while others were satisfied with the quality of the recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Touchscreen PDAs intended for business use, such as the <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry" title="BlackBerry">BlackBerry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palm_Treo" title="Palm Treo">Palm Treo</a>, usually also offer full keyboards and <a href="/wiki/Scroll_wheel" title="Scroll wheel">scroll wheels</a> or thumbwheels to facilitate data entry and navigation. Many touchscreen PDAs support some form of external keyboard as well. Specialized folding keyboards, which offer a full-sized keyboard but collapse into a compact size for transport, were made available for many models. External keyboards may attach to the PDA directly, using a cable, or may use wireless technology such as infrared or Bluetooth to connect to the PDA. Newer PDAs, such as the <a href="/wiki/HTC_HD2" title="HTC HD2">HTC HD2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_Pre" title="Palm Pre">Palm Pre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_Pre_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Pre Plus">Pre Plus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_Pixi" title="Palm Pixi">Pixi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palm_Pixi_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Pixi Plus">Pixi Plus</a>, as well as devices running the <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> operating system, include more advanced forms of touchscreen that can register multiple touches simultaneously. These "<a href="/wiki/Multi-touch" title="Multi-touch">multi-touch</a>" displays allow for more sophisticated interfaces using various gestures entered with one or more fingers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memory_cards">Memory cards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Memory cards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although many early PDAs did not have <a href="/wiki/Memory_card" title="Memory card">memory card</a> slots, later models had either some form of <a href="/wiki/Secure_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Digital">Secure Digital</a> (SD) slot, a <a href="/wiki/CompactFlash" title="CompactFlash">CompactFlash</a> slot or a combination of the two. Although designed for memory, <a href="/wiki/Secure_Digital_Input/Output" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Digital Input/Output">Secure Digital Input/Output</a> (SDIO) and CompactFlash cards were made available that provided <a href="/wiki/Peripheral" title="Peripheral">peripheral</a> accessories like Wi-Fi or digital cameras to devices with software support. Some PDAs also have a USB port, mainly for <a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive">USB flash drives</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (August 2010)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Personal_digital_assistant#Dubious" title="Talk:Personal digital assistant">discuss</a></i>]</sup> Some PDAs use <a href="/wiki/MicroSD" class="mw-redirect" title="MicroSD">microSD</a> cards, which are electronically compatible with SD cards, but have a much smaller physical size. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wired_connectivity">Wired connectivity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wired connectivity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While early PDAs connected to a user's personal computer via <a href="/wiki/Serial_port" title="Serial port">serial ports</a> and other proprietary connections<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Statement needs to be more specific about the content to which it refers. (August 2010)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup>, later models connect via a USB cable. Older PDAs were unable to <a href="/wiki/USB_On-The-Go" title="USB On-The-Go">connect to each other via USB</a>, as their implementations of USB did not support acting as the "host". Some early PDAs were able to connect to the Internet indirectly by means of an external modem connected via the PDA's serial port or "sync" connector,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or directly by using an expansion card that provided an <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> port. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wireless_connectivity">Wireless connectivity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wireless connectivity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most PDAs use Bluetooth, a popular wireless protocol for mobile devices. Bluetooth can be used to connect keyboards, headsets, <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS receivers</a>, and other nearby accessories. It is also possible to transfer files between PDAs that have Bluetooth. Many PDAs have Wi-Fi wireless network connectivity and can connect to Wi-Fi hotspots.<sup id="cite_ref-MC55A0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MC55A0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All smartphones, and some other PDAs, can connect to Wireless Wide Area Networks, such as those provided by cellular telecommunications companies. Older PDAs, from the 1990s to 2006, typically had an <a href="/wiki/IrDA" class="mw-redirect" title="IrDA">IrDA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a>) port allowing short-range, line-of-sight wireless communication. Few later models used this technology, as it had been supplanted by Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. IrDA allows communication between two PDAs, or between a PDA and any device with an IrDA port or adapter. Some contemporary printers have IrDA receivers,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowing IrDA-equipped PDAs to print to them, if the PDA's <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> supports it. Universal PDA keyboards designed for these older PDAs use infrared technology,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> due to cost and a lack of wireless interference.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="aboard what?">specify</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synchronization">Synchronization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Synchronization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most PDAs can <a href="/wiki/Data_synchronization" title="Data synchronization">synchronize</a> their data with applications on a user's computer, allowing the user to update contact, schedule, or other information on their computer, using software such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Microsoft Outlook</a> or <a href="/wiki/ACT!" class="mw-redirect" title="ACT!">ACT!</a>, and have that same data transferred to the PDA—or transfer updated information from the PDA back to the computer, eliminating the need for the user to update their data in two places. Synchronization also prevents the loss of information stored on the device if it is lost, stolen, or destroyed. When the PDA is repaired or replaced, it can be "re-synced" with the computer, restoring the user's data. Some users found that data input was quicker on their computer than on their PDA since text input via a touchscreen or small-scale keyboard was slower than a full-size keyboard. Transferring data to a PDA via the computer was, therefore, a lot quicker than having to manually input all data on the handheld device.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Most PDAs come with the ability to synchronize to a computer. This is done through <i>synchronization software</i> provided with the handheld, or sometimes with the computer's operating system. Examples of synchronization software include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HotSync" class="mw-redirect" title="HotSync">HotSync</a> Manager, for <a href="/wiki/Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a> PDAs</li> <li>Microsoft <a href="/wiki/ActiveSync" title="ActiveSync">ActiveSync</a>, used by Windows XP and older Windows operating systems to synchronize with Windows Mobile, <a href="/wiki/Pocket_PC" title="Pocket PC">Pocket PC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Windows_CE" title="Windows CE">Windows CE</a> PDAs, as well as PDAs running <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, Palm OS, and <a href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a></li> <li>Microsoft Windows Mobile Device Center for Windows Vista, which supports Microsoft Windows Mobile and Pocket PC devices</li> <li>Apple iTunes used on <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a> and Microsoft Windows to sync iOS devices</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISync" title="ISync">iSync</a>, included with Mac OS X, can synchronize many <a href="/wiki/SyncML" title="SyncML">SyncML</a>-enabled PDAs</li> <li>BlackBerry Desktop Software, used to sync BlackBerry devices.</li></ul> <p>These programs allow the PDA to be synchronized with a personal information manager, which may be part of the computer's operating system, provided with the PDA, or sold separately by a third party. For example, the RIM BlackBerry came with RIM's <i>Desktop Manager</i> program, which can synchronize to both Microsoft Outlook and ACT!. Other PDAs come only with their own proprietary software. For example, some early Palm OS PDAs came only with Palm Desktop, while later Palm PDAs—such as the Treo 650—have the ability to sync to Palm Desktop or Microsoft Outlook. Microsoft's ActiveSync and Windows Mobile Device Center only synchronized with Microsoft Outlook or a Microsoft Exchange server.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Third-party synchronization software was also available for some PDAs from companies like CommonTime<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/CompanionLink" title="CompanionLink">CompanionLink</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Third-party software can be used to synchronize PDAs to other personal information managers that are not supported by the PDA manufacturers (for example, GoldMine and <a href="/wiki/IBM_Lotus_Notes" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Lotus Notes">IBM Lotus Notes</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wireless_synchronization">Wireless synchronization</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Wireless synchronization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some PDAs can synchronize some or all of their data using their wireless networking capabilities, rather than having to be directly connected to a personal computer via a cable. Devices running Palm's <a href="/wiki/WebOS" title="WebOS">webOS</a> or Google's <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android operating system</a> primarily sync with the <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud</a>. For example, if <a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a> is used, information in contacts, email, and calendars can be synchronized between the PDA and Google's servers. RIM sells <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Enterprise_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="BlackBerry Enterprise Server">BlackBerry Enterprise Server</a> to corporations so that corporate BlackBerry users can wirelessly synchronize their PDAs with the company's <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Server" title="Microsoft Exchange Server">Microsoft Exchange Server</a>, IBM <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Domino" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Domino">Lotus Domino</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Novell_GroupWise" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell GroupWise">Novell GroupWise</a> servers.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Email, calendar entries, contacts, tasks, and memos kept on the company's server are automatically synchronized with the BlackBerry.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operating_systems_of_PDAs">Operating systems of PDAs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Operating systems of PDAs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most common operating systems pre-installed on PDAs are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a></li> <li>Microsoft <a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a> (Pocket PC) with a <a href="/wiki/Windows_CE" title="Windows CE">Windows CE</a> kernel</li></ul> <p>Other, rarely used operating systems: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EPOC_(operating_system)" title="EPOC (operating system)">EPOC</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Symbian_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbian OS">Symbian OS</a> (in mobile phone + PDA combos)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (e.g. VR3, <a href="/wiki/IPAQ" title="IPAQ">iPAQ</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sharp Zaurus PDA, Opie, <a href="/wiki/GPE_Palmtop_Environment" title="GPE Palmtop Environment">GPE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Familiar_Linux" title="Familiar Linux">Familiar Linux</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_(platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Newton (platform)">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a> (also on iPAQ)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Automobile_navigation">Automobile navigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Automobile navigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some PDAs include <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">Global Positioning System</a> (GPS) receivers. Other PDAs are compatible with external GPS-receiver add-ons that use the PDA's processor and screen to display location information.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PDAs with GPS functionality can be used for automotive navigation. Integrated PDA's were fitted as standard on new cars throughout the 2000's. PDA-based GPS can also display traffic conditions, perform dynamic routing, and show known locations of roadside mobile radar guns. <a href="/wiki/TomTom" title="TomTom">TomTom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garmin" title="Garmin">Garmin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IGO_(software)" title="IGO (software)">iGO</a> offered GPS navigation software for PDAs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruggedized">Ruggedized</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ruggedized"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some businesses and government organizations rely upon rugged PDAs, sometimes known as <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_digital_assistant" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprise digital assistant">enterprise digital assistants</a> (EDAs) or <a href="/wiki/Mobile_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile computers">mobile computers</a>, for mobile data applications. These PDAs have features that make them more robust and able to handle inclement weather, jolts, and moisture. EDAs often have extra features for data capture, such as <a href="/wiki/Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">barcode readers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">radio-frequency identification</a> (RFID) readers, <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_stripe_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic stripe card">magnetic stripe card</a> readers, or <a href="/wiki/Smart_card" title="Smart card">smart card</a> readers. These features are designed to facilitate the use of these devices to scan product or item codes. </p><p>Typical applications include: </p> <ul><li>Access control and security</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_asset" title="Capital asset">Capital asset</a> maintenance</li> <li>Facilities maintenance and management</li> <li>Infection control audit and surveillance within healthcare environments</li> <li>Medical treatment and recordkeeping in hospitals</li> <li>Meter reading by utilities</li> <li>Military (U.S. Army, Pakistan Army)</li> <li>Package delivery</li> <li>Park and wildlife rangers</li> <li>Parking enforcement</li> <li>Route accounting</li> <li>Supply chain management in warehouses</li> <li>Taxicab allocation and routing</li> <li>Waiter and waitress applications in restaurants and hospitality venues</li> <li>Wildlife biologists</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Educational_uses">Educational uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Educational uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Special:EditPage/Personal digital assistant">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>PDAs and handheld devices were allowed in many classrooms for digital note-taking. Students could spell-check, modify, and amend their class notes on a PDA. Some educators<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (August 2010)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> distributed course material through the Internet or infrared file-sharing functions of the PDA. Textbook publishers released <a href="/wiki/E-book" class="mw-redirect" title="E-book">e-books</a>, which can be uploaded directly to a PDA, reducing the number of textbooks students were required to carry.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brighton and SUSSEX Medical School in the UK was the first medical school to provide wide scale use of PDAs to its undergraduate students. The learning opportunities provided by having PDAs complete with a suite of key medical texts were studied with results showing that learning occurred in context with timely access to key facts and through consolidation of knowledge via repetition. The PDA was an important addition to the learning ecology rather than a replacement.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Software companies also developed PDA programs to meet the instructional needs of educational institutions, such as dictionaries, <a href="/wiki/Thesauri" class="mw-redirect" title="Thesauri">thesauri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Word_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Word processing">word processing</a> software, encyclopedias, webinars and digital lesson planners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recreational_uses">Recreational uses<span class="anchor" id="Sporting_uses"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Recreational uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PDAs were used by music enthusiasts to play a variety of music file formats. Many PDAs include the functionality of an MP3 player. <a href="/wiki/Rallying" title="Rallying">Road rally</a> enthusiasts can use PDAs to calculate distance, speed, and time. This information may be used for navigation, or the PDA's GPS functions can be used for navigation. <a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving" title="Underwater diving">Underwater divers</a> can use PDAs to plan <a href="/wiki/Breathing_gas" title="Breathing gas">breathing gas</a> mixtures and <a href="/wiki/Decompression_schedule" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression schedule">decompression schedules</a> using software such as "V-Planner". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_navigation_system" title="Automotive navigation system">Automotive navigation system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_(Palm_OS)" title="Graffiti (Palm OS)">Graffiti (Palm OS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_appliance" title="Information appliance">Information appliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_calculator" title="Medical calculator">Medical calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_computing" title="Pen computing">Pen computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_navigation_assistant" title="Personal navigation assistant">Personal navigation assistant</a> (PNA)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Obsolete_CompTIA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Obsolete_CompTIA_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Smith,_Faithe_Wempen2011" class="citation book cs1">Andrew Smith, Faithe Wempen (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VnXyJVotz2QC&q=%22Personal+digital+assistant%22+obsolete&pg=PA140"><i>CompTIA Strata Study Guide</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-97742-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-97742-2"><bdi>978-0-470-97742-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CompTIA+Strata+Study+Guide&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-470-97742-2&rft.au=Andrew+Smith%2C+Faithe+Wempen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVnXyJVotz2QC%26q%3D%2522Personal%2Bdigital%2Bassistant%2522%2Bobsolete%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+digital+assistant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/news/the-golden-age-of-pdas">"The Golden Age of PDAs"</a>. <i>PC Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Golden+Age+of+PDAs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-golden-age-of-pdas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+digital+assistant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130701113216/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/06/26/psion_special/page2.html">"The Protea Story"</a>. <i>The Register</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+tips+to+save+on+college+textbooks&rft.pub=Centre+Daily+Times&rft.date=2010-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centredaily.com%2F2010%2F08%2F20%2F2161625%2F10-tips-to-save-on-college-textbooks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+digital+assistant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesRafiqueVincentFairclough2012" class="citation journal cs1">Davies, Bethany S.; Rafique, Jethin; Vincent, Tim R.; Fairclough, Jil; Packer, Mark H.; Vincent, Richard; Haq, Inam (1 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3317860">"Mobile Medical Education (MoMEd) – how mobile information resources contribute to learning for undergraduate clinical students – a mixed methods study"</a>. <i>BMC Medical Education</i>. <b>12</b>: 1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1472-6920-12-1">10.1186/1472-6920-12-1</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3317860">3317860</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22240206">22240206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Medical+Education&rft.atitle=Mobile+Medical+Education+%28MoMEd%29+%E2%80%93+how+mobile+information+resources+contribute+to+learning+for+undergraduate+clinical+students+%E2%80%93+a+mixed+methods+study&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3317860%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22240206&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1472-6920-12-1&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Bethany+S.&rft.au=Rafique%2C+Jethin&rft.au=Vincent%2C+Tim+R.&rft.au=Fairclough%2C+Jil&rft.au=Packer%2C+Mark+H.&rft.au=Vincent%2C+Richard&rft.au=Haq%2C+Inam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3317860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+digital+assistant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_digital_assistant&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Personal_digital_assistants" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Personal digital assistants">Personal digital assistants</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ruetersward.com/biblio.html">Annotated bibliography of references to gesture and pen computing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epocalc.net/php/liste_comp.php">epocalc's List of PDA manufacturers</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mobile_operating_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mobile_operating_systems" title="Template:Mobile operating systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mobile_operating_systems" title="Template talk:Mobile operating systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile_operating_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile operating systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mobile_operating_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Mobile operating systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_operating_systems" title="Comparison of mobile operating systems">Mobile OS comparisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones / OSes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Handset_Alliance" title="Open Handset Alliance">Open Handset Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Mobile_Alliance" title="Open Mobile Alliance">Open Mobile Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Mobile app distributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Mobile app development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linux</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linux_Kernel" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux Kernel">Linux Kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Active</b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_custom_Android_distributions" title="List of custom Android distributions">forks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Go" title="Android Go">Android Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wear_OS" title="Wear OS">Wear OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a>/<a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a> (Linux kernel subsystem)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS_Flex" class="mw-redirect" title="ChromeOS Flex">ChromeOS Flex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KaiOS" title="KaiOS">KaiOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMD_Global#Smart_Feature_OS" title="HMD Global">Smart Feature OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle firmware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LuneOS" title="LuneOS">LuneOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maemo#Maemo_Leste" title="Maemo">Maemo Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Defunct</b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bada_(operating_system)" title="Bada (operating system)">Bada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B2G_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="B2G OS">B2G OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeeGo" title="MeeGo">MeeGo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MontaVista" title="MontaVista">MontaVista</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MotoMagx" title="MotoMagx">MotoMagx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilinux" title="Mobilinux">Mobilinux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEmbedded" title="OpenEmbedded">OpenEmbedded</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m_distribution" title="Ångström distribution">Ångström</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openmoko_Linux" title="Openmoko Linux">Openmoko Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QtMoko" class="mw-redirect" title="QtMoko">QtMoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHR_(operating_system)" title="SHR (operating system)">SHR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEZX" title="OpenEZX">OpenEZX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebOS" title="WebOS">WebOS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a>/<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Active</b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora Mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjaro" title="Manjaro">Manjaro ARM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostmarketOS" title="PostmarketOS">postmarketOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PureOS" title="PureOS">PureOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailfish_OS" title="Sailfish OS">Sailfish OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SteamOS" title="SteamOS">SteamOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Touch" title="Ubuntu Touch">Ubuntu Touch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UBports" class="mw-redirect" title="UBports">UBports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobian" title="Mobian">Mobian</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Defunct</b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maemo" title="Maemo">Maemo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mer_(software_distribution)" title="Mer (software distribution)">Mer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moblin" title="Moblin">Moblin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Tablet_OS" title="BlackBerry Tablet OS">BlackBerry Tablet OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft<br />Windows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_editions#Tablet_PC_Edition" title="Windows XP editions">Windows XP Tablet PC Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_7" title="Windows Phone 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_8" title="Windows Phone 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_8.1" title="Windows Phone 8.1">8.1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_RT" title="Windows RT">Windows RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10_Mobile" title="Windows 10 Mobile">Windows 10 Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zircon_(microkernel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zircon (microkernel)">Zircon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuchsia_(operating_system)" title="Fuchsia (operating system)">Fuchsia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>/<a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita_system_software" title="PlayStation Vita system software">PlayStation Vita system software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a>/<a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Active</b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a> (<a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><b>Defunct</b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a> (Non GMS based)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiteOS" title="LiteOS">LiteOS</a></li> <li>Huawei Band OS</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/FreeRTOS" title="FreeRTOS">FreeRTOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Amazfit OS <ul><li>Zepp OS</li></ul></li> <li>MIUI Band OS</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo system software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS_system_software" title="Nintendo 3DS system software">Nintendo 3DS system software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DSi_system_software" title="Nintendo DSi system software">Nintendo DSi system software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch_system_software" title="Nintendo Switch system software">Nintendo Switch system software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minix_3" title="Minix 3">Minix 3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Management_Engine" title="Intel Management Engine">Intel Management Engine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S60_(software_platform)" title="S60 (software platform)">S60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_80_(software_platform)" title="Series 80 (software platform)">S80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_90_(software_platform)" title="Series 90 (software platform)">S90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UIQ" title="UIQ">UIQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_Runtime_Environment_for_Wireless" title="Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless">Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless</a> (BREW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_OS" title="BlackBerry OS">BlackBerry OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPOC_(operating_system)" title="EPOC (operating system)">EPOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEOS_(16-bit_operating_system)" title="GEOS (16-bit operating system)">GEOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Cap" title="Magic Cap">Magic Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia_Asha_platform" title="Nokia Asha platform">Nokia Asha platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PalmDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PalmDOS">PalmDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable_system_software" title="PlayStation Portable system software">PlayStation Portable system software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_30" title="Series 30">S30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_30%2B" title="Series 30+">S30+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_40" title="Series 40">S40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Ericsson_Java_Platform" title="Sony Ericsson Java Platform">Sony Ericsson Java Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThreadX" title="ThreadX">ThreadX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_operating_systems" title="Category:Mobile operating systems">Mobile operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_applications" title="Category:Mobile applications">Mobile applications</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Software">Software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Computer_sizes_and_classes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Computer_sizes" title="Template:Computer sizes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Computer_sizes" title="Template talk:Computer sizes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Computer_sizes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Computer sizes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Computer_sizes_and_classes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_size_categories" title="List of computer size categories">Computer sizes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classes_of_computers" title="Classes of computers">classes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">Micro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Static</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_appliance" title="Computer appliance">Appliances</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_cabinet" title="Arcade cabinet">Arcade cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diskless_node" title="Diskless node">Diskless node</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_appliance" title="Internet appliance">Internet appliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent terminal">Intelligent terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_kiosk" title="Interactive kiosk">Interactive kiosk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_client" title="Rich client">Rich client</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulator_ride" title="Simulator ride">Simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_speaker" title="Smart speaker">Smart speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_TV" title="Smart TV">Smart TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_client" title="Thin client">Thin client</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Video game console</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microconsole" title="Microconsole">Microconsole</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Computers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaming_computer" title="Gaming computer">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_PC" title="Industrial PC">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">Personal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_supercomputer" title="Personal supercomputer">Personal super</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_computer" title="Public computer">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_server" title="Home server">Home server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">Workstation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-in-one_computer" title="All-in-one computer">All-in-one</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panel_PC" title="Panel PC">Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_computer" title="Table computer">Tabletop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_computer" title="Surface computer">Surface</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">Desktop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deskside_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Deskside computer">Deskside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza-box_form_factor" title="Pizza-box form factor">Pizza box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_tower" title="Computer tower">Tower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_computer" title="Portable computer">Portable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_form_factor_PC" title="Small form factor PC">Small form factor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mini_PC" title="Mini PC">Mini PC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_computer" title="Plug computer">Plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stick_PC" title="Stick PC">Stick PC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19-inch_rack" title="19-inch rack">Rack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blade_server" title="Blade server">Blade server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_PC" title="Blade PC">Blade PC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_computing" title="Mobile computing">Mobile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">Laptop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-in-1_laptop" title="2-in-1 laptop">2-in-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-in-1_laptop#2-in-1_convertible" title="2-in-1 laptop">Convertible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloudbook" title="Cloudbook">Cloudbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_workstation" title="Mobile workstation">Mobile workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notebook_(laptop)" title="Notebook (laptop)">Notebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subnotebook" title="Subnotebook">Subnotebook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netbook" title="Netbook">Netbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartbook" title="Smartbook">Smartbook</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">Tablet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-in-1_laptop#2-in-1_detachable" title="2-in-1 laptop">Detachable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Handheld</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_organizer" title="Electronic organizer">Electronic organizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-reader" title="E-reader">E-reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_game_console" title="Handheld game console">Handheld game console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_PC" title="Handheld PC">Handheld PC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_data_terminal" title="Mobile data terminal">Mobile data terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foldable_smartphone" title="Foldable smartphone">Foldable</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmtop_PC" title="Palmtop PC">Palmtop PC</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Personal digital assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_computer" title="Pocket computer">Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_data_terminal" title="Portable data terminal">Portable data terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_media_player" title="Portable media player">Portable media player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siftable" title="Siftable">Siftable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-mobile_PC" title="Ultra-mobile PC">Ultra-mobile PC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calculator" title="Calculator">Calculator</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graphing_calculator" title="Graphing calculator">Graphing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_calculator" title="Programmable calculator">Programmable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_calculator" title="Scientific calculator">Scientific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wearable_computer" title="Wearable computer">Wearable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_tracker" title="Fitness tracker">Fitness tracker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smart_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart band">Smart band</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch#Digital" title="Watch">Digital wristwatch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calculator_watch" title="Calculator watch">Calculator watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">Smartwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPS_watch" title="GPS watch">Sportwatch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartglasses" title="Smartglasses">Smartglasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_ring" title="Smart ring">Smart ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Midrange_computer" title="Midrange computer">Midrange</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minicomputer" title="Minicomputer">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superminicomputer" title="Superminicomputer">Supermini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Large</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grid_computing" title="Grid computing">Grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">Mainframe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minisupercomputer" title="Minisupercomputer">Minisuper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">Super</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">Embedded system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_appliance" title="Information appliance">Information appliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">Microcontroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanocomputer" title="Nanocomputer">Nano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugged_computer" title="Rugged computer">Rugged</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugged_smartphone" title="Rugged smartphone">Rugged smartphone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-board_computer" title="Single-board computer">Single-board</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-on-module" title="Computer-on-module">Computer-on-module</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartdust" title="Smartdust">Smartdust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_sensor_network" title="Wireless sensor network">Wireless sensor network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Classes_of_computers" title="Category:Classes of 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