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id="toc-Threats_surrounding_The_Interview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats_surrounding_The_Interview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Threats surrounding The Interview </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Threats_surrounding_The_Interview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._accusations_and_formal_charges_against_North_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._accusations_and_formal_charges_against_North_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 U.S. accusations and formal charges against North Korea </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-U.S._accusations_and_formal_charges_against_North_Korea-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle U.S. accusations and formal charges against North Korea subsection </button> <ul id="toc-U.S._accusations_and_formal_charges_against_North_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Doubts_about_accusations_against_North_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doubts_about_accusations_against_North_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Doubts about accusations against North Korea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doubts_about_accusations_against_North_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Other investigations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formal_charges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formal_charges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Formal charges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formal_charges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Legal responses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_discussion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_discussion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Public discussion </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_discussion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Public discussion subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Public_discussion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-About_reporting_on_the_hack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#About_reporting_on_the_hack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 About reporting on the hack </div> </a> <ul id="toc-About_reporting_on_the_hack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-About_pulling_The_Interview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#About_pulling_The_Interview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 About pulling The Interview </div> </a> <ul id="toc-About_pulling_The_Interview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Outside the United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" > 15 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA" title="اختراق سوني بيكتشرز انترتينمنت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اختراق سوني بيكتشرز انترتينمنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciberataque_a_Sony_Pictures_de_2014" title="Ciberataque a Sony Pictures de 2014 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciberataque a Sony Pictures de 2014" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Entertainmenten_aurkako_zibererasoa" title="Sony Pictures Entertainmenten aurkako zibererasoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sony Pictures Entertainmenten aurkako zibererasoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piratage_de_Sony_Pictures_Entertainment" title="Piratage de Sony Pictures Entertainment – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Piratage de Sony Pictures Entertainment" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%8B%88_%ED%94%BD%EC%B2%98%EC%8A%A4_%EC%97%94%ED%84%B0%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B8%EB%A8%BC%ED%8A%B8_%ED%95%B4%ED%82%B9_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4" title="소니 픽처스 엔터테인먼트 해킹 사건 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소니 픽처스 엔터테인먼트 해킹 사건" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AB_%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A8" title="Սոնիի նկարների կոտրելը – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սոնիի նկարների կոտրելը" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="מתקפת ההאקרים על סרטי סוני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתקפת ההאקרים על סרטי סוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberaanval_op_Sony_Pictures_Entertainment" title="Cyberaanval op Sony Pictures Entertainment – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cyberaanval op Sony Pictures Entertainment" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%82%AF%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%86%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E3%83%8F%E3%83%83%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="ソニー・ピクチャーズ・エンタテインメントへのハッキング事件 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソニー・ピクチャーズ・エンタテインメントへのハッキング事件" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataque_cibern%C3%A9tico_contra_a_Sony_Pictures_em_2014" title="Ataque cibernético contra a Sony Pictures em 2014 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ataque cibernético contra a Sony Pictures em 2014" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_Sony_Pictures_Entertainment" title="Взлом серверов Sony Pictures Entertainment – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Взлом серверов Sony Pictures Entertainment" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%86%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ھاککردنی سۆنی پیکچەرز ئینتەرتەینمنت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھاککردنی سۆنی پیکچەرز ئینتەرتەینمنت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_Sony_Pictures_Entertainment" title="Хакерська атака на сервери Sony Pictures Entertainment – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хакерська атака на сервери Sony Pictures Entertainment" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%A5_hack_Sony_Pictures" title="Vụ hack Sony Pictures – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vụ hack Sony Pictures" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Pictures hack">Sony Pictures hack</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2014 release of hacked data from Sony Pictures</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sony_hack" title="Sony hack">Sony hack</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sonypicturesentertainmentoffices.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sonypicturesentertainmentoffices.jpg/220px-Sonypicturesentertainmentoffices.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sonypicturesentertainmentoffices.jpg/330px-Sonypicturesentertainmentoffices.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sonypicturesentertainmentoffices.jpg/440px-Sonypicturesentertainmentoffices.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures" title="Sony Pictures">Sony Pictures</a> in <a href="/wiki/Culver_City,_California" title="Culver City, California">Culver City, California</a>, United States</figcaption></figure> On November 24, 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Hacker_(computer_security)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacker (computer security)">hacker</a> group "<a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group" title="Lazarus Group">Guardians of Peace</a>" <a href="/wiki/Internet_leak" title="Internet leak">leaked</a> confidential data from the film studio <a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures" title="Sony Pictures">Sony Pictures Entertainment</a> (SPE). The data included employee emails, personal and family information, executive salaries, copies of then-unreleased films, future film plans, screenplays, and other information.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> The perpetrators then employed a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Shamoon" title="Shamoon">Shamoon</a> <a href="/wiki/Wiper_(malware)" title="Wiper (malware)">wiper</a> malware to erase Sony's computer infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> During the hack, the group demanded that Sony withdraw its then-upcoming film <a href="/wiki/The_Interview" title="The Interview">The Interview</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/James_Franco" title="James Franco">James Franco</a> as a reporter and <a href="/wiki/Seth_Rogen" title="Seth Rogen">Seth Rogen</a> (who also wrote, produced, and directed the film alongside his creative partner <a href="/wiki/Evan_Goldberg" title="Evan Goldberg">Evan Goldberg</a>) as his producer who are hired by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korean</a> governments to set up an interview with <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korean</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a> as part of a plot to assassinate him, and threatened <a href="/wiki/Terrorist_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist attack">terrorist attacks</a> at cinemas screening the film. After many major U.S. theater chains opted not to screen The Interview in response to these threats, Sony chose to cancel the film's formal premiere and mainstream release, opting to skip directly to a downloadable digital release followed by a limited theatrical release the next day.<a href="#cite_note-oag1-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-time-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> United States intelligence officials, after evaluating the software, techniques, and network sources used in the hack, concluded that the attack was sponsored by the government of North Korea, which has since denied all responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-linkedtokorea-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hack_and_perpetrators">Hack and perpetrators</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Hack and perpetrators">edit</a>]</div> The exact duration of the hack is yet unknown. U.S. investigators say the culprits spent at least two months copying critical files.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> A purported member of the Guardians of Peace (GOP) who has claimed to have performed the hack stated that they had access for at least a year prior to its discovery in November 2014.<a href="#cite_note-wired_what_we_know-8">[8]</a> The hackers involved claim to have taken more than 100 terabytes of data from Sony, but that claim has never been confirmed.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The attack was conducted using <a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">malware</a>. Although Sony was not specifically mentioned in its advisory, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Computer_Emergency_Readiness_Team" title="United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team">United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team</a> said that attackers used a <a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">Server Message Block</a> (SMB) <a href="/wiki/Brambul" title="Brambul">Worm</a> Tool to conduct attacks against a major entertainment company. Components of the attack included a listening implant, <a href="/wiki/Backdoor_(computing)" title="Backdoor (computing)">backdoor</a>, proxy tool, destructive <a href="/wiki/Hard_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard drive">hard drive</a> tool, and destructive target cleaning<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> tool. The components clearly suggest an intent to gain repeated entry, extract information, and be destructive, as well as remove evidence of the attack.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Sony was made aware of the hack on Monday, November 24, 2014, as the malware previously installed rendered many Sony employees' computers inoperable by the software, with the warning by a group calling themselves the Guardians of Peace, along with a portion of the confidential data taken during the hack.<a href="#cite_note-vanityfair-13">[13]</a> Several Sony-related Twitter accounts were also taken over.<a href="#cite_note-wired_what_we_know-8">[8]</a> This followed a message that several Sony Pictures executives had received via email on the previous Friday, November 21; the message, coming from a group called "God'sApstls" [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>], demanded "monetary compensation" or otherwise, "Sony Pictures will be bombarded as a whole".<a href="#cite_note-vanityfair-13">[13]</a> This email message had been mostly ignored by executives, lost in the volume they had received or treated as spam email.<a href="#cite_note-vanityfair-13">[13]</a> In addition to the activation of the malware on November 24, the message included a warning for Sony to decide on their course of action by 11:00 p.m. UTC that evening, although no apparent threat was made when that deadline passed.<a href="#cite_note-vanityfair-13">[13]</a> In the days following this hack, the Guardians of Peace began leaking yet-unreleased films and started to release portions of the confidential data to attract the attention of social media sites, although they did not specify what they wanted in return.<a href="#cite_note-vanityfair-13">[13]</a> Sony quickly organized internal teams to try to manage the loss of data to the Internet, and contacted the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) and the private security firm <a href="/wiki/FireEye" class="mw-redirect" title="FireEye">FireEye</a> to help protect Sony employees whose personal data was exposed by the hack, repair the damaged computer infrastructure and trace the source of the leak.<a href="#cite_note-vanityfair-13">[13]</a> The first public report concerning a North Korean link to the attack was published by <a href="/wiki/Recode" title="Recode">Re/code</a> on November 28 and later confirmed by <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> This is absurd. Yet it is exactly the kind of behavior we have come to expect from a regime that threatened to take 'merciless countermeasures' against the U.S. over a Hollywood comedy, and has no qualms about holding tens of thousands of people in harrowing gulags. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/U.S._Ambassador_to_the_U.N." class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Ambassador to the U.N.">U.S. Ambassador to the U.N.</a> <a href="/wiki/Samantha_Power" title="Samantha Power">Samantha Power</a></cite></div> </div> On December 8, 2014, alongside the eighth large data dump of confidential information, the Guardians of Peace threatened Sony with language relating to the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> that drew the attention of U.S. security agencies.<a href="#cite_note-vanityfair-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc2-16">[16]</a> North Korean <a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">state-sponsored hackers</a> are suspected by the United States of being involved in part due to specific threats made toward Sony and movie theaters showing <a href="/wiki/The_Interview" title="The Interview">The Interview</a>, a comedy film about an assassination attempt against <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> North Korean officials had previously expressed concerns about the film to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, stating that "to allow the production and distribution of such a film on the assassination of an incumbent head of a sovereign state should be regarded as the most undisguised sponsoring of terrorism as well as an act of war."<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In its first quarter financials for 2015, Sony Pictures set aside $15 million to deal with ongoing damages from the hack.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Sony bolstered its cyber-security infrastructure as a result, using solutions to prevent similar hacks or data loss in the future.<a href="#cite_note-vanityfair-13">[13]</a> Sony co-chairperson <a href="/wiki/Amy_Pascal" title="Amy Pascal">Amy Pascal</a> announced in the wake of the hack that she would step down effective May 2015, and instead will become more involved with film production under Sony.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Information_obtained">Information obtained</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Information obtained">edit</a>]</div> According to a notice letter dated December 8, 2014, from SPE to its employees, SPE learned on December 1, 2014 that personally identifiable information about employees and their dependents may have been obtained by unauthorized individuals as a result of a "brazen cyber-attack", including names, addresses, <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_number" title="Social Security number">Social Security numbers</a> and financial information.<a href="#cite_note-oag2-21">[21]</a> On December 7, 2014, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> reported that the hackers stole 47,000 unique Social Security numbers from the SPE computer network.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Although personal data may have been stolen, early news reports focused mainly on celebrity gossip and embarrassing details about Hollywood and <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">film industry</a> business affairs gleaned by the media from electronic files, including private email messages. Among the information revealed in the emails was that Sony CEO <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Hirai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazuo Hirai">Kazuo Hirai</a> pressured Sony Pictures co-chairwoman Amy Pascal to "soften" the assassination scene in The Interview.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-23">[23]</a> Many details relating to the actions of the Sony Pictures executives, including Pascal and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lynton" title="Michael Lynton">Michael Lynton</a>, were also released, in a manner that appeared to be intended to spur distrust between these executives and other employees of Sony.<a href="#cite_note-vanityfair-13">[13]</a> Other emails released in the hack showed Pascal and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Rudin" title="Scott Rudin">Scott Rudin</a>, a film and theatrical producer, discussing <a href="/wiki/Angelina_Jolie" title="Angelina Jolie">Angelina Jolie</a>. In the emails, Rudin referred to Jolie as "a minimally talented spoiled brat" because Jolie wanted <a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> to direct her film Cleopatra, which Rudin felt would interfere with Fincher directing a <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs_(film)" title="Steve Jobs (film)">planned film</a> about <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Pascal and Rudin were also noted to have had an email exchange about Pascal's upcoming encounter with <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> that included characterizations described as racist, which led to Pascal's resignation from Sony.<a href="#cite_note-mikefleming-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-varietyapologizes-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-huffrosen-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The two had suggested they should mention films about African-Americans upon meeting the president, such as <a href="/wiki/Django_Unchained" title="Django Unchained">Django Unchained</a>, <a href="/wiki/12_Years_a_Slave_(film)" title="12 Years a Slave (film)">12 Years a Slave</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Butler" title="The Butler">The Butler</a>, all of which depict <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery in the United States</a> or the pre-<a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights era">civil rights era</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mikefleming-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-varietyapologizes-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-huffrosen-27">[27]</a> Pascal and Rudin later apologized.<a href="#cite_note-mikefleming-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-huffrosen-27">[27]</a> Details of lobbying efforts by politician <a href="/wiki/Mike_Moore_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Moore (U.S. politician)">Mike Moore</a> on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Citizens_Alliance" title="Digital Citizens Alliance">Digital Citizens Alliance</a> and <a href="/wiki/FairSearch" title="FairSearch">FairSearch</a> against <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> were also revealed.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The leak revealed multiple details of behind-the-scenes politics on <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a>' current <a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Amazing Spider-Man (film series)">Spider-Man film series</a>, including emails between Pascal and others to various heads of <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Studios" title="Marvel Studios">Marvel Studios</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Due to the outcry from fans, the <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a> license was eventually negotiated to be shared between both studios. In addition to the emails, a copy of the screenplay for the <a href="/wiki/James_Bond_in_film" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bond in film">James Bond film</a> <a href="/wiki/Spectre_(2015_film)" title="Spectre (2015 film)">Spectre</a>, released in 2015, was obtained.<a href="#cite_note-variety-31">[31]</a> Several future Sony Pictures films, including <a href="/wiki/Annie_(2014_film)" title="Annie (2014 film)">Annie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mr._Turner" title="Mr. Turner">Mr. Turner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Still_Alice" title="Still Alice">Still Alice</a> and <a href="/wiki/To_Write_Love_on_Her_Arms_(film)" title="To Write Love on Her Arms (film)">To Write Love on Her Arms</a>, were also leaked.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-invoke911-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The hackers intended to release additional information on December 25, 2014,<a href="#cite_note-usatoday-35">[35]</a> which coincided with the release date of The Interview in the United States. According to <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Dot" title="The Daily Dot">The Daily Dot</a>, based on the email leaks, while he was at Sony, executive Charles Sipkins was responsible for following senior executives' orders to edit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> articles about them.<a href="#cite_note-DailyDot-36">[36]</a> In December 2014, former Sony Pictures Entertainment employees filed four lawsuits against the company for not protecting their data that was released in the hack, which included Social Security numbers and medical information.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> As part of the emails, it was revealed that Sony was in talks with <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> to make an <a href="/wiki/The_Super_Mario_Bros._Movie" title="The Super Mario Bros. Movie">animated film</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Mario_(franchise)#Films" title="Mario (franchise)">Super Mario Bros.</a> franchise.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In January 2015, details were revealed of the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion Picture Association of America">MPAA</a>'s lobbying of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_International_Trade_Commission" title="United States International Trade Commission">United States International Trade Commission</a> to mandate U.S. <a href="/wiki/ISPs" class="mw-redirect" title="ISPs">ISPs</a> either at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_transit" title="Internet transit">internet transit</a> level or consumer level <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">internet service provider</a>, to implement <a href="/wiki/IP_address_blocking" title="IP address blocking">IP address blocking</a> <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">pirate websites</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">linking</a> websites.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> republished over 30,000 documents that were obtained via the hack in April 2015, with founder <a href="/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a> stating that the document archive "shows the inner workings of an influential <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporation</a>" that should be made public.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Sony condemned the WikiLeaks publication and their attorneys responded by saying it "indiscriminately" disseminated stolen data, and that this "conduct rewards a totalitarian regime seeking to silence dissident speech". The lawyers also said that "WikiLeaks is incorrect that this Stolen Information belongs in the public domain".<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In November 2015, after <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Sheen" title="Charlie Sheen">Charlie Sheen</a> publicly announced in a television interview that he was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a>, it was revealed that Sony executives were aware of the diagnosis as early as March 10, 2014, even though he never told them about it.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In December, <a href="/wiki/Snap_Inc." title="Snap Inc.">Snap Inc.</a>, due to the hack, was revealed to have acquired Vergence Labs for $15 million in cash and stock, the developers of <a href="/wiki/Epiphany_Eyewear" title="Epiphany Eyewear">Epiphany Eyewear</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile app</a> Scan for $150 million.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Threats_surrounding_The_Interview">Threats surrounding The Interview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Threats surrounding The Interview">edit</a>]</div> On December 16, for the first time since the hack, the Guardians of Peace mentioned the then-upcoming film The Interview by name, and threatened to take terrorist actions against the film's New York City <a href="/wiki/Premiere" title="Premiere">premiere</a> at Sunshine Cinema on December 18, as well as on its U.S.-wide release date, set for December 25.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-invoke911-33">[33]</a> Sony pulled the theatrical release the following day. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">We will clearly show it to you at the very time and places The Interview be shown, including the premiere, how bitter fate those who seek fun in terror should be doomed to. Soon all the world will see what an awful movie Sony Pictures Entertainment has made. The world will be full of fear. Remember the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">11th of September 2001</a>. We recommend you to keep yourself distant from the places at that time. (If your house is nearby, you'd better leave.) Whatever comes in the coming days is called by the greed of Sony Pictures Entertainment. All the world will denounce the SONY.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Seth_Rogen" title="Seth Rogen">Seth Rogen</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Franco" title="James Franco">James Franco</a>, the stars of The Interview, responded by saying they did not know if it was definitely caused by the film,<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> but later canceled all media appearances tied to the film outside of the planned New York City premiere on December 16, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-variety_cancelled-52">[52]</a> Following initial threats made towards theaters that would show The Interview, several theatrical chains, including <a href="/wiki/Carmike_Cinemas" title="Carmike Cinemas">Carmike Cinemas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bow_Tie_Cinemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow Tie Cinemas">Bow Tie Cinemas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regal_Entertainment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Regal Entertainment Group">Regal Entertainment Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Showcase_Cinemas" title="Showcase Cinemas">Showcase Cinemas</a>, <a href="/wiki/AMC_Theatres" title="AMC Theatres">AMC Theatres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinemark_Theatres" title="Cinemark Theatres">Cinemark Theatres</a>, as well as several independent movie theater owners announced that they would not screen The Interview.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The same day, Sony stated that they would allow theaters to opt out of showing The Interview, but later decided to fully pull the national December 25 release of the film, as well as announce that there were "no further release plans" to release the film on any platform, including home video, in the foreseeable future.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-vod-58">[58]</a> On December 18, two messages (both allegedly from the Guardians of Peace) were released. One, sent in a private message to Sony executives, stated that they would not release any further information if Sony never releases the film and removed its presence from the internet. The other, posted to <a href="/wiki/Pastebin" title="Pastebin">Pastebin</a>, a web application used for text storage that the Guardians of Peace had used for previous messages, stated that the studio had "suffered enough" and could release The Interview, but only if Kim Jong-un's death scene was not "too happy". The post also stated that the company cannot "test [them] again", and that "if [Sony Pictures] makes anything else, [they] will be here ready to fight".<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> President Barack Obama, in an end-of-year press speech on December 19, commented on the Sony hacking and stated that he felt Sony made a mistake in pulling the film, and that producers should "not get into a pattern where you are intimidated by these acts".<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> He also said, "We will respond proportionally and we will respond in a place and time and manner that we choose."<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In response to President Obama's statement, Sony Entertainment's CEO Michael Lynton said on the <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> program <a href="/wiki/Anderson_Cooper_360" class="mw-redirect" title="Anderson Cooper 360">Anderson Cooper 360</a> that the public, the press and the President misunderstood the events. Lynton said the decision to cancel the wide release was in response to a majority of theaters pulling their showings and not to the hackers' threats. Lynton stated that they would seek other options to distribute the film in the future, and noted "We have not given in. And we have not backed down. We have always had every desire to have the American public see this movie."<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> On December 23, Sony opted to authorize approximately 300 mostly-independent theaters to show The Interview on Christmas Day, as the four major theater chains had yet to change their earlier decision not to show the film.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-200theatres-65">[65]</a> The FBI worked with these theaters to detail the specifics of the prior threats and how to manage security for the showings, but noted that there was no actionable intelligence on the prior threats.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Sony's Lynton stated on the announcement that "we are proud to make it available to the public and to have stood up to those who attempted to suppress free speech".<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The Interview was also released to <a href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Google Play</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox Video">Xbox Video</a>, and <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> on December 24.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> No incidents predicated by the threats occurred with the release, and instead, the unorthodox release of the film led to it being considered a success due to increased interest in the film following the attention it had received.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> On December 27, the North Korean <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Commission" title="National Defence Commission">National Defence Commission</a> released a statement accusing Obama of being "the chief culprit who forced the Sony Pictures Entertainment to indiscriminately distribute the movie."<a href="#cite_note-bbc27/12/2014-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._accusations_and_formal_charges_against_North_Korea">U.S. accusations and formal charges against North Korea</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: U.S. accusations and formal charges against North Korea">edit</a>]</div> U.S. government officials stated on December 17, 2014 their belief that the North Korean government was "centrally involved" in the hacking, although there was initially some debate within the White House whether or not to make this finding public.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-linkedtokorea-6">[6]</a> White House officials treated the situation as a "serious national security matter",<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> and the FBI formally stated on December 19 that they connected the North Korean government to the cyber-attacks.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Including undisclosed evidence, these claims were made based on the use of similar malicious hacking tools and techniques previously employed by North Korean hackers—including North Korea's cyberwarfare agency <a href="/wiki/Bureau_121" title="Bureau 121">Bureau 121</a> on South Korean targets.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-linkedtokorea-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian_20141219-74">[74]</a> According to the FBI:<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <ul><li>"[A] technical analysis of the data deletion malware used in this attack revealed links to other malware that the FBI knows North Korea previously developed. For example, there were similarities in specific lines of code, encryption algorithms, data deletion methods, and compromised networks.</li> <li>"The FBI also observed significant overlap between the infrastructure used in this attack and other malicious cyber activity the U.S. government has previously linked directly to North Korea. For example, the FBI discovered that several Internet protocol (IP) addresses associated with known North Korean infrastructure communicated with IP addresses that were hardcoded into the data deletion malware used in this attack. The FBI later clarified that the source IP addresses were associated with a group of North Korean businesses located in Shenyang in northeastern China.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_nsa-76">[76]</a></li> <li>"Separately, the tools used in the SPE attack have similarities to <a href="/wiki/2013_South_Korean_cyberattack" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 South Korean cyberattack">a cyber-attack in March of last year</a> against South Korean banks and media outlets, which was carried out by North Korea."</li></ul> The FBI later clarified more details of the attacks, attributing them to North Korea by noting that the hackers were "sloppy" with the use of <a href="/wiki/Proxy_IP_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Proxy IP address">proxy IP addresses</a> that originated from within North Korea. At one point the hackers logged into the Guardians of Peace <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> account and Sony's servers without effective concealment.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> FBI Director <a href="/wiki/James_Comey" title="James Comey">James Comey</a> stated that Internet access is tightly controlled within North Korea, and as such, it was unlikely that a third party had hijacked these addresses without allowance from the North Korean government.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> assisted the FBI in analyzing the attack, specifically in reviewing the malware and tracing its origins; <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a> director Admiral <a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Rogers" title="Michael S. Rogers">Michael S. Rogers</a> agreed with the FBI that the attack originated from North Korea.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> A disclosed NSA report published by <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a> stated that the agency had become aware of the origins of the hack due to their own cyber-intrusion on North Korea's network that they had set up in 2010, following concerns of the technology maturation of the country.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_nsa-76">[76]</a> The North Korean news agency <a href="/wiki/Korean_Central_News_Agency" title="Korean Central News Agency">KCNA</a> denied the "wild rumours" of North Korean involvement, but said that "The hacking into the SONY Pictures might be a righteous deed of the supporters and sympathizers with the DPRK in response to its appeal."<a href="#cite_note-bbc2-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-variety-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> North Korea offered to be part of a joint probe with the United States to determine the hackers' identities, threatening consequences if the United States refused to collaborate and continued the allegation.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The U.S. refused and asked China for investigative assistance instead.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Some days after the FBI's announcement, North Korea temporarily suffered a nationwide Internet outage, which the country claimed to be the United States' response to the hacking attempts.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> On the day following the FBI's accusation of North Korea's involvement, the FBI received an email purportedly from the hacking group, linking to a <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> video entitled "you are an idiot!", apparently mocking the organization.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> On December 19, 2014, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeh_Johnson" title="Jeh Johnson">Jeh Johnson</a> released a statement saying, "The cyber attack against Sony Pictures Entertainment was not just an attack against a company and its employees. It was also an attack on our <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of expression</a> and way of life." He encouraged businesses and other organizations to use the Cybersecurity Framework developed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> (NIST) to assess and limit cyber risks and protect against cyber threats.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> On the same day, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> published his remarks condemning North Korea for the cyber-attack and threats against movie theatres and moviegoers. "This provocative and unprecedented attack and subsequent threats only strengthen our resolve to continue to work with partners around the world to strengthen cybersecurity, promote <a href="/wiki/Norm_(social)" class="mw-redirect" title="Norm (social)">norms of acceptable state behavior</a>, uphold freedom of expression, and ensure that the Internet remains <a href="/wiki/Open_standard" title="Open standard">open</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interoperability" title="Interoperability">interoperable</a>, secure and <a href="/wiki/Reliability_(computer_networking)" title="Reliability (computer networking)">reliable</a>," he said.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> On January 2, 2015, the U.S., under an <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Order">Executive Order</a> issued by President Obama, installed additional economic sanctions on already-sanctioned North Korea for the hack,<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> which North Korean officials called out as "groundlessly stirring up bad blood towards" the country.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doubts_about_accusations_against_North_Korea">Doubts about accusations against North Korea</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Doubts about accusations against North Korea">edit</a>]</div> Cyber security expert Kurt Stammberger from cyber security firm Norse,<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> DEFCON organizer and <a href="/wiki/Cloudflare" title="Cloudflare">Cloudflare</a> researcher Marc Rogers,<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hector_Monsegur" title="Hector Monsegur">Hector Monsegur</a>,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kim_Zetter" title="Kim Zetter">Kim Zetter</a>, a security journalist at <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a> magazine,<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> have expressed doubt and tended to agree that North Korea might not be behind the attack. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hiltzik" title="Michael Hiltzik">Michael Hiltzik</a>, a journalist for the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>, said that all evidence against North Korea was "circumstantial" and that some cybersecurity experts were "skeptical" about attributing the attack to the North Koreans.<a href="#cite_note-Hiltzik-98">[98]</a> Cybersecurity expert Lucas Zaichkowsky said, "State-sponsored attackers don't create cool names for themselves like 'Guardians of Peace' and promote their activity to the public."<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Zetter" title="Kim Zetter">Kim Zetter</a> of Wired magazine called released evidence against the government "flimsy".<a href="#cite_note-Zetter-100">[100]</a> Former hacker <a href="/wiki/Hector_Monsegur" title="Hector Monsegur">Hector Monsegur</a>, who once hacked into Sony, explained to <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a> that exfiltrating one or one hundred <a href="/wiki/Terabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Terabyte">terabytes</a> of data "without anyone noticing" would have taken months or years, not weeks. Monsegur doubted the accusations due to North Korea's insufficient internet infrastructure to handle the transfer of that much data. He believed that it could have been either Chinese, Russian, or North Korean-sponsored hackers working outside of the country, but most likely to be the deed of a Sony employee.<a href="#cite_note-Monsegur-101">[101]</a> Stammberger provided to the FBI Norse's findings that suggest the hack was an <a href="/wiki/Inside_job" class="mw-redirect" title="Inside job">inside job</a>, stating, "Sony was not just hacked; this is a company that was essentially nuked from the inside. We are very confident that this was not an attack master-minded by North Korea and that insiders were key to the implementation of one of the most devastating attacks in history."<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Stammberger believes that the security failure may have originated from six disgruntled former Sony employees, based on their past skill sets and discussions these people made in chat rooms. Norse employees identified these people from a list of workers that were eliminated from Sony during a restructuring in May 2014, and noted that some had made very public and angry responses to their firing, and would be in appropriate positions to identify the means to access secure parts of Sony's servers.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-POL-20141229-104">[104]</a> After a private briefing lasting three hours, the FBI formally rejected Norse's alternative assessment.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Seth Rogen also expressed doubts about the claims that North Korea was behind the hack. Based on the timeline of events and the amount of information hacked, he believes the hack may have been conducted by a Sony employee. "I've also heard people say that they think someone was hired to do the hack as a way of getting Amy Pascal fired. I don't know if I subscribe to those theories, but I kind of don't think it was North Korea."<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_investigations">Other investigations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other investigations">edit</a>]</div> In response to allegations that the intrusion was the result of an inside job, or something other than a state-sponsored cyber attack, computer forensic specialist Kevin Mandia, president of the security firm FireEye, commented that there was not a "shred of evidence" that an insider was responsible for the attack and that the evidence uncovered by his security firm supports the position of the United States government.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In February 2016, analytics firm Novetta issued a joint investigative report into the attack. The report, published in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Kaspersky_Lab" title="Kaspersky Lab">Kaspersky Lab</a>, <a href="/wiki/NortonLifeLock" class="mw-redirect" title="NortonLifeLock">Symantec</a>, <a href="/wiki/AlienVault" class="mw-redirect" title="AlienVault">AlienVault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Invincea" title="Invincea">Invincea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trend_Micro" title="Trend Micro">Trend Micro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_Black_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon Black (company)">Carbon Black</a>, PunchCyber, <a href="/wiki/RiskIQ" title="RiskIQ">RiskIQ</a>, <a href="/wiki/ThreatConnect" title="ThreatConnect">ThreatConnect</a> and Volexity, concluded that a well-resourced organization had committed the intrusion, and that "we strongly believe that the SPE attack was not the work of insiders or hacktivists". The analysis said that the same group is engaged in military espionage campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-symantec-111">[111]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Because of the depth and scope of malware tools, structure of the analyzed code bases, TTP overlap with similar attacks, and long trail of activities attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group" title="Lazarus Group">Lazarus Group</a>, Novetta does not believe that the SPE attack was carried out by insiders or hacktivists, but rather by a more structured, resourced, and motivated organization. ... Although our analysis cannot support direct attribution of a nation-state or other specific group due to the difficulty of proper attribution in the cyber realm, the FBI's official attribution claims could be supported by our findings.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formal_charges">Formal charges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Formal charges">edit</a>]</div> The U.S. Department of Justice issued formal charges related to the Sony hack on North Korean citizen <a href="/wiki/Park_Jin_Hyok" title="Park Jin Hyok">Park Jin-hyok</a> on September 6, 2018. The Department of Justice contends that Park was a North Korean hacker that worked for the country's <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_General_Bureau" title="Reconnaissance General Bureau">Reconnaissance General Bureau</a>, the equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. The Department of Justice also asserted that Park was partially responsible for arranging the <a href="/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack">WannaCry ransomware attack</a> of 2017, having developed part of the ransomware software. The Department of Justice had previously identified Park and had been monitoring him for some time, but could not indict him immediately as much of the information around him was classified.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The Criminal Complaint was unsealed by the US Department of Justice via a press release in September 2018.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_responses">Legal responses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legal responses">edit</a>]</div> Obama also issued a legislative proposal to Congress to update current laws such as the <a href="/wiki/Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corrupt_Organizations_Act" title="Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act">Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act</a> and introduce new ones to allow federal and national law enforcement officials to better respond to cybercrimes like the Sony hack, and to be able to prosecute such crimes compatibly to similar off-line crimes, while protecting the privacy of Americans.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_discussion">Public discussion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Public discussion">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="About_reporting_on_the_hack">About reporting on the hack</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: About reporting on the hack">edit</a>]</div> In December 2014, Sony requested that the media stop covering the hack.<a href="#cite_note-time-4">[4]</a> Sony also threatened legal action if the media did not comply, but according to law professor <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Volokh" title="Eugene Volokh">Eugene Volokh</a>, Sony's legal threats are "unlikely to prevail".<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Sony then threatened legal action against <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> if it did not suspend accounts of people who posted the hacked material.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> American screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Sorkin" title="Aaron Sorkin">Aaron Sorkin</a> wrote an <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a> for <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> opining that the media was helping the hackers by publishing and reporting on the leaked information.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> On December 18, <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a> banned the <a href="/wiki/Subreddit" class="mw-redirect" title="Subreddit">subreddit</a> <a href="/wiki/R/SonyGOP" class="mw-redirect" title="R/SonyGOP">r/SonyGOP</a> that was being used to distribute the hacked files.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="About_pulling_The_Interview">About pulling The Interview</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: About pulling The Interview">edit</a>]</div> The threats made directly at Sony over The Interview were seen by many as a threat to free speech. The decision to pull the film was criticized by several Hollywood filmmakers, actors, and television hosts, including <a href="/wiki/Ben_Stiller" title="Ben Stiller">Ben Stiller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Carell" title="Steve Carell">Steve Carell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rob_Lowe" title="Rob Lowe">Rob Lowe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel" title="Jimmy Kimmel">Jimmy Kimmel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judd_Apatow" title="Judd Apatow">Judd Apatow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Some commentators contrasted the situation to the non-controversial release of the 2004 <a href="/wiki/Team_America:_World_Police" title="Team America: World Police">Team America: World Police</a>, a film that mocked the leadership of North Korea's prior leader, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-il" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Jong-il">Kim Jong-il</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Alamo_Drafthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamo Drafthouse">Alamo Drafthouse</a> was poised to replace showings of The Interview with Team America until the film's distributor <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> ordered the theaters to stop.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In light of the threats made to Sony over The Interview, <a href="/wiki/New_Regency" class="mw-redirect" title="New Regency">New Regency</a> cancelled its March 2015 production plans for a film adaptation of the graphic novel <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang:_A_Journey_in_North_Korea" title="Pyongyang: A Journey in North Korea">Pyongyang: A Journey in North Korea</a>, which was set to star <a href="/wiki/Steve_Carell" title="Steve Carell">Steve Carell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hustler_(magazine)" title="Hustler (magazine)">Hustler</a> announced its intentions to make a <a href="/wiki/Pornographic_parody_film" title="Pornographic parody film">pornographic parody film</a> of The Interview. Hustler founder <a href="/wiki/Larry_Flynt" title="Larry Flynt">Larry Flynt</a> said, "If Kim Jong-un and his henchmen were upset before, wait till they see the movie we're going to make".<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outside_the_United_States">Outside the United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Outside the United States">edit</a>]</div> In China, the media coverage of the hackings has been limited and outside sources have been censored. A search for "North Korea hack" on <a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu</a>, China's leading search engine returned just one article, which named North Korea as "one of several suspects." However, Google, which was and is inaccessible in China, returned more than 36 million results for the same query. <a href="/wiki/Hua_Chunying" title="Hua Chunying">Hua Chunying</a>, a spokeswoman of foreign affairs, "shied away from directly addressing" the Sony hacking situation.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/48px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/64px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Korea" title="Portal:North Korea">North Korea portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_South_Korea_cyberattack" title="2013 South Korea cyberattack">2013 South Korea cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_SWIFT_banking_hack" class="mw-redirect" title="2015–16 SWIFT banking hack">2015–16 SWIFT banking hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%27s_illicit_activities" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korea's illicit activities">North Korea's illicit activities</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free 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December 19, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150113135804/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-30548747">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2015. Retrieved December 19, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+President+Barack+Obama+holds+last+news+briefing+of+2014&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-30548747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Sony+Pictures+hack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-obama-pledges-proportional-response-to-sony-hack-2014dec19-story.html">"Obama pledges proportional response to Sony hack"</a>. 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December 19, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220040032/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-30559169">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2014. 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Retrieved December 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alamo+Drafthouse+replaces+The+Interview+with+Team+America%3A+World+Police%E2%80%94or+not&rft.pub=The+A.V.+Club&rft.date=2014-12-18&rft.aulast=Rife&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Farticle%2Falamo-drafthouse-replaces-interview-team-america-w-213181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Sony+Pictures+hack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarnham2014" class="citation web cs1">Farnham, Donovan (December 18, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/movies-dvd/ci_27159719/paramount-tells-theaters-no-team-america">"Paramount tells theaters no 'Team America: World Police'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury_News" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230759/http://www.mercurynews.com/movies-dvd/ci_27159719/paramount-tells-theaters-no-team-america">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved December 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=Paramount+tells+theaters+no+%27Team+America%3A+World+Police%27&rft.date=2014-12-18&rft.aulast=Farnham&rft.aufirst=Donovan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2Fmovies-dvd%2Fci_27159719%2Fparamount-tells-theaters-no-team-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Sony+Pictures+hack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2014" class="citation web cs1">Ford, Rebecca (December 17, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/steve-carells-north-korea-thriller-758901">"Steve Carell's North Korea Thriller Dropped After Sony Hack"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141229152740/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/steve-carells-north-korea-thriller-758901">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2014. Retrieved December 17, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Steve+Carell%27s+North+Korea+Thriller+Dropped+After+Sony+Hack&rft.date=2014-12-17&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fsteve-carells-north-korea-thriller-758901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Sony+Pictures+hack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHynes2014" class="citation news cs1">Hynes, Tom (December 19, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Take-That-Jong-un-Hustler-Plans-The-Interview-Porn-Parody-583005.html">"Take That, Jong-un! Hustler Plans 'The Interview' Porn Parody"</a>. AVN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406053807/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Take-That-Jong-un-Hustler-Plans-The-Interview-Porn-Parody-583005.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2015. Retrieved December 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Take+That%2C+Jong-un%21+Hustler+Plans+%27The+Interview%27+Porn+Parody&rft.date=2014-12-19&rft.aulast=Hynes&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.avn.com%2Farticles%2Fvideo%2FTake-That-Jong-un-Hustler-Plans-The-Interview-Porn-Parody-583005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Sony+Pictures+hack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRipley2014" class="citation news cs1">Ripley, Will (December 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/24/world/asia/china-north-korea-hack/index.html">"China censors news on Sony hack"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141224150150/http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/24/world/asia/china-north-korea-hack/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2014. Retrieved March 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=China+censors+news+on+Sony+hack&rft.date=2014-12-24&rft.aulast=Ripley&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F12%2F24%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchina-north-korea-hack%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Sony+Pictures+hack" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hacking_in_the_2010s" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Template talk:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hacking_in_the_2010s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hacking in the 2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2000s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2000s">2000s</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;" class=""><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_computer_security_hacker_history#2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of computer security hacker history">Timeline</a></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2020s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2020s">2020s</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Aurora" title="Operation Aurora">Operation Aurora</a> (publication of 2009 events)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2010_Australian_cyberattacks" title="February 2010 Australian cyberattacks">Australian cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olympic_Games" title="Operation Olympic Games">Operation Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Network" title="Shadow Network">Operation ShadowNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Payback" title="Operation Payback">Operation Payback</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_government_hackings" title="2011 Canadian government hackings">Canadian government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigiNotar" title="DigiNotar">DigiNotar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNSChanger" title="DNSChanger">DNSChanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBGary" title="HBGary">HBGary Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_AntiSec" title="Operation AntiSec">Operation AntiSec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_PlayStation_Network_outage" title="2011 PlayStation Network outage">PlayStation network outage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSA_SecurID#March_2011_system_compromise" title="RSA SecurID">RSA SecurID compromise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_LinkedIn_hack" title="2012 LinkedIn hack">LinkedIn hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratfor_email_leak" title="Stratfor email leak">Stratfor email leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_High_Roller" title="Operation High Roller">Operation High Roller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_South_Korea_cyberattack" title="2013 South Korea cyberattack">South Korea cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapchat#December_2013_hack" title="Snapchat">Snapchat hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25_cyber_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="June 25 cyber terror">Cyberterrorism attack of June 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_data_breaches#August_2013:_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! data breaches">2013 Yahoo! data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Singapore_cyberattacks" title="2013 Singapore cyberattacks">Singapore cyberattacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_medical_data_breach" title="Anthem medical data breach">Anthem medical data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tovar" title="Operation Tovar">Operation Tovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_celebrity_nude_photo_leak" title="2014 celebrity nude photo leak">2014 celebrity nude photo leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_JPMorgan_Chase_data_breach" title="2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach">2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014 Sony Pictures hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_hacker_password_theft" title="2014 Russian hacker password theft">Russian hacker password theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_data_breaches#Late_2014:_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! data breaches">2014 Yahoo! data breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Personnel_Management_data_breach" title="Office of Personnel Management data breach">Office of Personnel Management data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HackingTeam#2015_data_breach" title="HackingTeam">HackingTeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Madison_data_breach" title="Ashley Madison data breach">Ashley Madison data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTech#2015_data_breach" title="VTech">VTech data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ukraine_power_grid_hack" title="2015 Ukraine power grid hack">Ukrainian Power Grid Cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_SWIFT_banking_hack" title="2015–2016 SWIFT banking hack">SWIFT banking hack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank_robbery" title="Bangladesh Bank robbery">Bangladesh Bank robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Presbyterian_Medical_Center#Ransomware" title="Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center">Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center ransomware incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_data_breach" title="Commission on Elections data breach">Commission on Elections data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic National Committee cyber attacks">Democratic National Committee cyber attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_airports_hackings" title="Vietnamese airports hackings">Vietnam Airport Hacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee cyber attacks">DCCC cyber attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Banks_data_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Indian Banks data breach">Indian Bank data breaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkov_leaks" title="Surkov leaks">Surkov leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DDoS_attacks_on_Dyn" title="DDoS attacks on Dyn">Dyn cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Bitfinex_hack" title="2016 Bitfinex hack">2016 Bitfinex hack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SHA1#SHAttered_–_first_public_collision" class="mw-redirect" title="SHA1">SHAttered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks" title="2017 Macron e-mail leaks">2017 Macron e-mail leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack">WannaCry ransomware attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Westminster_data_breach" title="2017 Westminster data breach">Westminster data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petya_(malware_family)" title="Petya (malware family)">Petya and NotPetya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ukraine_ransomware_attacks" title="2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks">2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Equifax_data_breach" title="2017 Equifax data breach">Equifax data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deloitte#E-mail_hack" title="Deloitte">Deloitte breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disqus#October_2017_security_breach" title="Disqus">Disqus breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trustico#DigiCert_and_Trustico_spat,_2018" title="Trustico">Trustico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_government_ransomware_attack" title="Atlanta government ransomware attack">Atlanta cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_SingHealth_data_breach" title="2018 SingHealth data breach">SingHealth data breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_cyberattacks_on_Sri_Lanka" title="2019 cyberattacks on Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Baltimore_ransomware_attack" title="2019 Baltimore ransomware attack">Baltimore ransomware attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Bulgarian_revenue_agency_hack" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Bulgarian revenue agency hack">Bulgarian revenue agency hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp_snooping_scandal" title="WhatsApp snooping scandal">WhatsApp snooping scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos_phone_hacking_incident" title="Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident">Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism">Hacktivism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(hacker_group)" title="Anonymous (hacker group)">Anonymous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_associated_with_Anonymous" title="Timeline of events associated with Anonymous">associated events</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CyberBerkut" title="CyberBerkut">CyberBerkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Nigger_Association_of_America" title="Gay Nigger Association of America">GNAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatse_Security" title="Goatse Security">Goatse Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizard_Squad" title="Lizard Squad">Lizard Squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LulzRaft" title="LulzRaft">LulzRaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LulzSec" title="LulzSec">LulzSec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dyn_cyberattack#Perpetrators" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Dyn cyberattack">New World Hackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NullCrew" title="NullCrew">NullCrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OurMine" title="OurMine">OurMine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPal_14" title="PayPal 14">PayPal 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RedHack" title="RedHack">RedHack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teamp0ison" title="Teamp0ison">Teamp0ison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Overlord_(hacker_group)" title="The Dark Overlord (hacker group)"> TDO </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGNazi" title="UGNazi">UGNazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Cyber_Alliance" title="Ukrainian Cyber Alliance">Ukrainian Cyber Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_persistent_threat" title="Advanced persistent threat">Advanced persistent threats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Black_Hat_Hackers" title="Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers">Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_121" title="Bureau 121">Bureau 121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charming_Kitten" title="Charming Kitten">Charming Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozy_Bear" title="Cozy Bear">Cozy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Basin" title="Dark Basin">Dark Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DarkMatter_Group" title="DarkMatter Group">DarkMatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfin_Team" title="Elfin Team">Elfin Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equation_Group" title="Equation Group">Equation Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Bear" title="Fancy Bear">Fancy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuxnet#History" title="Stuxnet">GOSSIPGIRL</a> (confederation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer_2.0" title="Guccifer 2.0">Guccifer 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacking_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacking Team">Hacking Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helix_Kitten" title="Helix Kitten">Helix Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Cyber_Army" title="Iranian Cyber Army">Iranian Cyber Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group" title="Lazarus Group">Lazarus Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group#BlueNorOff" title="Lazarus Group">BlueNorOff</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group#AndAriel" title="Lazarus Group">AndAriel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSO_Group" title="NSO Group">NSO Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Panda" title="Numbered Panda">Numbered Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLA_Unit_61398" title="PLA Unit 61398">PLA Unit 61398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLA_Unit_61486" title="PLA Unit 61486">PLA Unit 61486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLATINUM_(cybercrime_group)" title="PLATINUM (cybercrime group)">PLATINUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranknet" title="Pranknet">Pranknet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Apollo" title="Red Apollo">Red Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Kitten" title="Rocket Kitten">Rocket Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealth_Falcon" title="Stealth Falcon">Stealth Falcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Electronic_Army" title="Syrian Electronic Army">Syrian Electronic Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailored_Access_Operations" title="Tailored Access Operations">Tailored Access Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_Brokers" title="The Shadow Brokers">The Shadow Brokers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDedic" title="XDedic">xDedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Cyber_Army" title="Yemen Cyber Army">Yemen Cyber Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hacker" title="Hacker">Individuals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Ackroyd" title="Ryan Ackroyd">Ryan Ackroyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Al-Bassam" title="Mustafa Al-Bassam">Mustafa Al-Bassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hotz" title="George Hotz">George Hotz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer" title="Guccifer">Guccifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Gunton" title="Elliott Gunton">Elliott Gunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hammond" title="Jeremy Hammond">Jeremy Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristoffer_von_Hassel" title="Kristoffer von Hassel">Kristoffer von Hassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junaid_Hussain" title="Junaid Hussain">Junaid Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLT_(hacktivist)" title="MLT (hacktivist)">MLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Monsegur" title="Hector Monsegur">Sabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Seleznev" title="Roman Seleznev">Track2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topiary_(hacktivist)" title="Topiary (hacktivist)">Topiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jester_(hacktivist)" title="The Jester (hacktivist)">The Jester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major <a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerability (computing)">vulnerabilities</a> publicly <a href="/wiki/Full_disclosure_(computer_security)" title="Full disclosure (computer security)">disclosed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evercookie" title="Evercookie">Evercookie</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISeeYou" title="ISeeYou">iSeeYou</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartbleed" title="Heartbleed"> Heartbleed</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellshock_(software_bug)" title="Shellshock (software bug)">Shellshock</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/POODLE" title="POODLE">POODLE</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootpipe" title="Rootpipe">Rootpipe</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Row_hammer" title="Row hammer">Row hammer</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signaling_System_No._7#Protocol_security_vulnerabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Signaling System No. 7">SS7 vulnerabilities</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinShock" title="WinShock">WinShock</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JASBUG" title="JASBUG">JASBUG</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagefright_(bug)" title="Stagefright (bug)">Stagefright</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DROWN_attack" title="DROWN attack">DROWN</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badlock" title="Badlock">Badlock</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_COW" title="Dirty COW">Dirty COW</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloudbleed" title="Cloudbleed">Cloudbleed</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom_Corporation#soc-wifi-vulns" title="Broadcom Corporation">Broadcom Wi-Fi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EternalBlue" title="EternalBlue">EternalBlue</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoublePulsar" title="DoublePulsar">DoublePulsar</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Active_Management_Technology#Silent_Bob_is_Silent" title="Intel Active Management Technology">Silent Bob is Silent</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRACK" title="KRACK">KRACK</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROCA_vulnerability" title="ROCA vulnerability">ROCA vulnerability</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueBorne_(security_vulnerability)" title="BlueBorne (security vulnerability)">BlueBorne</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meltdown_(security_vulnerability)" title="Meltdown (security vulnerability)">Meltdown</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectre_(security_vulnerability)" title="Spectre (security vulnerability)">Spectre</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFAIL" title="EFAIL">EFAIL</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exactis" title="Exactis">Exactis</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_Store_Bypass" title="Speculative Store Bypass">Speculative Store Bypass</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_FP_state_restore" title="Lazy FP state restore">Lazy FP state restore</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLBleed" title="TLBleed">TLBleed</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SigSpoof" title="SigSpoof">SigSpoof</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreshadow" title="Foreshadow">Foreshadow</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access#Dragonblood_attack" title="Wi-Fi Protected Access">Dragonblood</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microarchitectural_Data_Sampling" title="Microarchitectural Data Sampling">Microarchitectural Data Sampling</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueKeep" title="BlueKeep">BlueKeep</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr00k" title="Kr00k">Kr00k</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">Malware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ransomware#Bad_Rabbit" title="Ransomware">Bad Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackEnergy#BlackEnergy_2_(BE2)" title="BlackEnergy"> Black Energy 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpyEye" title="SpyEye">SpyEye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuxnet" title="Stuxnet">Stuxnet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coreflood" title="Coreflood">Coreflood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alureon" title="Alureon">Alureon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqu" title="Duqu">Duqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelihos_botnet" title="Kelihos botnet">Kelihos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metulji_botnet" title="Metulji botnet">Metulji botnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_virus" title="Stars virus">Stars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carna_botnet" title="Carna botnet">Carna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexter_(malware)" title="Dexter (malware)">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI_MoneyPak_Ransomware" title="FBI MoneyPak Ransomware">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_(malware)" title="Flame (malware)">Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_(malware)" title="Mahdi (malware)">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_October_(malware)" title="Red October (malware)">Red October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamoon" title="Shamoon">Shamoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CryptoLocker" title="CryptoLocker">CryptoLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_South_Korea_cyberattack" title="2013 South Korea cyberattack">DarkSeoul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brambul" title="Brambul">Brambul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackEnergy#BlackEnergy_3_(BE3)" title="BlackEnergy"> Black Energy 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbanak" title="Carbanak">Carbanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careto_(malware)" title="Careto (malware)">Careto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DarkHotel" title="DarkHotel">DarkHotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqu_2.0" title="Duqu 2.0">Duqu 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FinFisher" title="FinFisher">FinFisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gameover_ZeuS" title="Gameover ZeuS">Gameover ZeuS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regin_(malware)" title="Regin (malware)">Regin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dridex" title="Dridex">Dridex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Tear" title="Hidden Tear">Hidden Tear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rombertik" title="Rombertik">Rombertik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeslaCrypt" title="TeslaCrypt">TeslaCrypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitler-Ransomware" title="Hitler-Ransomware">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(ransomware)" title="Jigsaw (ransomware)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeRanger" title="KeRanger">KeRanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Necurs">Necurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEMZ" title="MEMZ">MEMZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirai_(malware)" title="Mirai (malware)">Mirai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(spyware)" title="Pegasus (spyware)">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petya_and_NotPetya" class="mw-redirect" title="Petya and NotPetya">Petya and NotPetya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Agent" title="X-Agent">X-Agent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BrickerBot" title="BrickerBot">BrickerBot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Ransomware" title="Kirk Ransomware">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LogicLocker" title="LogicLocker">LogicLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensenware" title="Rensenware">Rensenware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(malware)" title="Triton (malware)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack">WannaCry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xafecopy_Trojan" title="Xafecopy Trojan">XafeCopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VPNFilter" title="VPNFilter">VPNFilter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grum_botnet" title="Grum botnet">Grum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanap" title="Joanap">Joanap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetTraveler" title="NetTraveler">NetTraveler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_Computer_Club#Staatstrojaner_affair" title="Chaos Computer Club">R2D2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Banker_Trojan" title="Tiny Banker Trojan">Tinba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium_(malware)" title="Titanium (malware)">Titanium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeroAccess_botnet" title="ZeroAccess botnet">ZeroAccess botnet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&oldid=1263417149">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_Sony_Pictures_hack&oldid=1263417149</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_controversies_in_the_United_States" title="Category:2014 controversies in the United States">2014 controversies in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_computing" title="Category:2014 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