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id="toc-As_an_ecoregion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-29a:_Northern_Cross_Timbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29a:_Northern_Cross_Timbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>29a: Northern Cross Timbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29a:_Northern_Cross_Timbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-29b:_Eastern_Cross_Timbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29b:_Eastern_Cross_Timbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>29b: Eastern Cross Timbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29b:_Eastern_Cross_Timbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-29c:_Western_Cross_Timbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29c:_Western_Cross_Timbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>29c: Western Cross Timbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29c:_Western_Cross_Timbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-29d:_Grand_Prairie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29d:_Grand_Prairie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>29d: Grand Prairie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29d:_Grand_Prairie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-29e:_Limestone_Cut_Plains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29e:_Limestone_Cut_Plains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>29e: Limestone Cut Plains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29e:_Limestone_Cut_Plains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-29f:_Carbonate_Cross_Timbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29f:_Carbonate_Cross_Timbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>29f: Carbonate Cross Timbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29f:_Carbonate_Cross_Timbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-29g:_Arbuckle_Uplift" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29g:_Arbuckle_Uplift"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>29g: Arbuckle Uplift</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29g:_Arbuckle_Uplift-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-29h:_Northwestern_Cross_Timbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29h:_Northwestern_Cross_Timbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>29h: Northwestern Cross Timbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29h:_Northwestern_Cross_Timbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-29i:_Arbuckle_Mountains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29i:_Arbuckle_Mountains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>29i: Arbuckle Mountains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29i:_Arbuckle_Mountains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climatology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climatology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Climatology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climatology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cross_Timbers&params=34_00_N_97_15_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">97°15′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.000°N 97.250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.000; -97.250</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ecoregion in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the city in Hickory County, Missouri, see <a href="/wiki/Cross_Timbers,_Missouri" title="Cross Timbers, Missouri">Cross Timbers, Missouri</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25em;line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Cross Timbers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crosstimbermap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Crosstimbermap.png/272px-Crosstimbermap.png" decoding="async" width="272" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Crosstimbermap.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The outline of the Cross Timbers as defined by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Ecology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">Realm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nearctic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nearctic">Nearctic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">Biome</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_forest-grasslands_transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Central forest-grasslands transition">Central forest-grasslands transition</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Borders</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Central <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Flint_Hills" title="Flint Hills">Flint Hills</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Irregular_Plains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Irregular Plains (page does not exist)">Central Irregular Plains</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Valley_(ecoregion)" title="Arkansas Valley (ecoregion)">Arkansas Valley (ecoregion)</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Blackland_Prairies_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Blackland Prairies (ecoregion)">Texas Blackland Prairies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">States</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Texas</li><li>Oklahoma</li><li>Kansas</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The term <b>Cross Timbers</b>, also known as <b><a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">Ecoregion</a> 29, Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains</b>, is used to describe a strip of land in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> that runs from southeastern <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> across <a href="/wiki/Central_Oklahoma" title="Central Oklahoma">Central Oklahoma</a> to <a href="/wiki/Central_Texas" title="Central Texas">Central Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Made up of a mix of <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savanna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Woodland" title="Woodland">woodland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-texasmap_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-texasmap-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it forms part of the boundary between the more heavily forested eastern country and the almost treeless <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-texasmap_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-texasmap-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kansasmap_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kansasmap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also marks the western <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> limit of many <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No major metropolitan areas lie wholly within the Cross Timbers, although roughly the western half of the <a href="/wiki/Dallas-Fort_Worth_Metroplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex">Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex</a> does, including the cities of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denton,_Texas" title="Denton, Texas">Denton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Weatherford,_Texas" title="Weatherford, Texas">Weatherford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-texasmap_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-texasmap-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The western <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburbs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_metropolitan_area" title="Tulsa metropolitan area">Tulsa metropolitan area</a> and the northeastern suburbs of the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_metropolitan_area" title="Oklahoma City metropolitan area">Oklahoma City metropolitan area</a> also lie within this area.<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main highways that cross the region are <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35" title="Interstate 35">I-35</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35W_(Texas)" title="Interstate 35W (Texas)">I-35W</a> going north to south (although they tend to skirt the Cross Timbers' eastern fringe south of Fort Worth) and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_40" title="Interstate 40">I-40</a> going east to west. Numerous <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highways" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highways">U.S. Highways</a> also cross the area.<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-texasmap_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-texasmap-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I-35 means a portion of Austin and Travis County is also included in the Cross Timbers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_an_ecoregion">As an ecoregion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: As an ecoregion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cross Timbers are defined by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> as Ecoregion 29, a <a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_the_United_States_(EPA)" title="List of ecoregions in the United States (EPA)">Level III ecoregion</a>. Some organizations and maps refer to the Cross Timbers ecoregion as the Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains.<sup id="cite_ref-kansasmap_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kansasmap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cross Timbers are contained within the <a href="/wiki/List_of_terrestrial_ecoregions_(WWF)" title="List of terrestrial ecoregions (WWF)">WWF</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_forest-grasslands_transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Central forest-grasslands transition">central forest-grasslands transition</a> ecoregion. </p><p>The woodland and savanna portions of the Cross Timbers are mainly <a href="/wiki/Post_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Post oak">post oak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blackjack_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackjack oak">blackjack oak</a> on coarse, sandy soils;<sup id="cite_ref-kansasmap_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kansasmap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wildfire_suppression" title="Wildfire suppression">fire suppression</a> in recent years has increased forest density and allowed <a href="/wiki/Juniperus_virginiana" title="Juniperus virginiana">eastern redcedar</a> to invade as well. The short, stout oaks that grow in the Cross Timbers were not usable as timber, and those that were not cleared for farmland constitute one of the least disturbed forest types in the eastern United States, with some 890,000 acres (3,600 km<sup>2</sup>) of <a href="/wiki/Old-growth_forest" title="Old-growth forest">old-growth forest</a> scattered throughout the region.<sup id="cite_ref-stahle_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stahle-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These old-growth forests contain millions of post oak from 200 to 400 years old and red cedar over 500 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-stahle_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stahle-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prairie portions are chiefly <a href="/wiki/Tallgrass_prairie" title="Tallgrass prairie">tallgrass</a> on finer, dry soils.<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, the Cross Timbers are not as <a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable</a> as the surrounding ecoregions.<sup id="cite_ref-texasmap_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-texasmap-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, <a href="/wiki/Land_use" title="Land use">land use</a> is a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Rangeland" title="Rangeland">rangeland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasture" title="Pasture">pastures</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">farmland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area has also been an important site of <a href="/wiki/Oil_extraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil extraction">oil extraction</a> for over 80 years.<sup id="cite_ref-texasmap_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-texasmap-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">Geologically</a> speaking, the Cross Timbers are underlain by <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvanian_(geology)" title="Pennsylvanian (geology)">Pennsylvanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> that has been moderately <a href="/wiki/Dissected_plateau" title="Dissected plateau">dissected</a>, giving the region a gently to moderately rolling <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-texasmap_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-texasmap-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kansasmap_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kansasmap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including some <a href="/wiki/Cuesta" title="Cuesta">cuestas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although local <a href="/wiki/Terrain" title="Terrain">relief</a> is relatively low, it is generally greater than that in the surrounding ecoregions, although this is not the case with the Flint Hills in Kansas.<sup id="cite_ref-kansasmap_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kansasmap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">Ecologically</a>, the EPA includes the Cross Timbers as part of the vast <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a>, which comprise Level I Ecoregion 9.0, stretching from <a href="/wiki/Central_Alberta" title="Central Alberta">central Alberta</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> to northern <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More specifically, the Cross Timbers fall into Level II Ecoregion 9.4, the smaller South Central Semi-Arid Plains.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In southern Oklahoma, the Cross Timbers are located on the very edge of the Great Plains, as they border directly parts of Level I Ecoregion 8.0, the Eastern Temperate Forests; elsewhere, the Cross Timbers are separated slightly from the Eastern Temperate Forests.<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In turn, the Cross Timbers are themselves subdivided into nine Level IV Ecoregions: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="29a:_Northern_Cross_Timbers">29a: Northern Cross Timbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 29a: Northern Cross Timbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a wide belt of land stretching from south-central Oklahoma into southeastern Kansas and is the only part of the Cross Timbers that extends into Kansas. In that state, it covers eastern <a href="/wiki/Chautauqua_County,_Kansas" title="Chautauqua County, Kansas">Chautauqua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elk_County,_Kansas" title="Elk County, Kansas">Elk</a> counties and smaller portions of <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_County,_Kansas" title="Greenwood County, Kansas">Greenwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodson_County,_Kansas" title="Woodson County, Kansas">Woodson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilson_County,_Kansas" title="Wilson County, Kansas">Wilson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Kansas" title="Montgomery County, Kansas">Montgomery</a> counties, while in Oklahoma, this region covers all of <a href="/wiki/Seminole_County,_Oklahoma" title="Seminole County, Oklahoma">Seminole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pottawatomie_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma">Pottawatomie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Okfuskee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Okfuskee County, Oklahoma">Okfuskee</a> counties, large parts of <a href="/wiki/Osage_County,_Oklahoma" title="Osage County, Oklahoma">Osage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Oklahoma" title="Lincoln County, Oklahoma">Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creek_County,_Oklahoma" title="Creek County, Oklahoma">Creek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_County,_Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma County, Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_County,_Oklahoma" title="Cleveland County, Oklahoma">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontotoc_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pontotoc County, Oklahoma">Pontotoc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hughes_County,_Oklahoma" title="Hughes County, Oklahoma">Hughes</a>, <a href="/wiki/McIntosh_County,_Oklahoma" title="McIntosh County, Oklahoma">McIntosh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Okmulgee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Okmulgee County, Oklahoma">Okmulgee</a> counties, and smaller parts of <a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_Oklahoma" title="Logan County, Oklahoma">Logan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garvin_County,_Oklahoma" title="Garvin County, Oklahoma">Garvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murray_County,_Oklahoma" title="Murray County, Oklahoma">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pawnee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pawnee County, Oklahoma">Pawnee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_County,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa County, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wagoner_County,_Oklahoma" title="Wagoner County, Oklahoma">Wagoner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Oklahoma" title="Washington County, Oklahoma">Washington</a> counties. The towns of <a href="/wiki/Sand_Springs,_Oklahoma" title="Sand Springs, Oklahoma">Sand Springs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sapulpa,_Oklahoma" title="Sapulpa, Oklahoma">Sapulpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada,_Oklahoma" title="Ada, Oklahoma">Ada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shawnee,_Oklahoma" title="Shawnee, Oklahoma">Shawnee, Oklahoma</a> fall within this large area; <a href="/wiki/Bartlesville,_Oklahoma" title="Bartlesville, Oklahoma">Bartlesville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Okmulgee,_Oklahoma" title="Okmulgee, Oklahoma">Okmulgee</a> lie on the eastern edge.<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kansasmap_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kansasmap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="29b:_Eastern_Cross_Timbers">29b: Eastern Cross Timbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 29b: Eastern Cross Timbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Oklahoma, this belt of woodland covers all of <a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Oklahoma" title="Marshall County, Oklahoma">Marshall County</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Love_County,_Oklahoma" title="Love County, Oklahoma">Love</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carter_County,_Oklahoma" title="Carter County, Oklahoma">Carter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnston_County,_Oklahoma" title="Johnston County, Oklahoma">Johnston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bryan_County,_Oklahoma" title="Bryan County, Oklahoma">Bryan</a> counties, but in Texas, this region exists as a long, very narrow strip of dense forest stretching from the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red River</a> to just north of <a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco, Texas</a>. It passes through northwestern <a href="/wiki/Grayson_County,_Texas" title="Grayson County, Texas">Grayson County</a>, eastern <a href="/wiki/Cooke_County,_Texas" title="Cooke County, Texas">Cooke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denton_County,_Texas" title="Denton County, Texas">Denton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarrant_County,_Texas" title="Tarrant County, Texas">Tarrant</a> counties, central <a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Texas" title="Johnson County, Texas">Johnson County</a>, western <a href="/wiki/Hill_County,_Texas" title="Hill County, Texas">Hill County</a>, and northern <a href="/wiki/McLennan_County,_Texas" title="McLennan County, Texas">McLennan County</a>. The city of <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington, Texas</a> lies within this zone, and <a href="/wiki/Denton,_Texas" title="Denton, Texas">Denton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cleburne,_Texas" title="Cleburne, Texas">Cleburne</a> are on its eastern edge.<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-texasleveliv_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-texasleveliv-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="29c:_Western_Cross_Timbers">29c: Western Cross Timbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 29c: Western Cross Timbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_County.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jack_County.JPG/220px-Jack_County.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jack_County.JPG/330px-Jack_County.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jack_County.JPG/440px-Jack_County.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>A landscape in eastern <a href="/wiki/Jack_County,_Texas" title="Jack County, Texas">Jack County, Texas</a>, typical of the Western Cross Timbers</figcaption></figure> <p>A much wider band than the Eastern Cross Timbers, the Western Cross Timbers band extends from far southern Oklahoma, including parts of <a href="/wiki/Love_County,_Oklahoma" title="Love County, Oklahoma">Love</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carter_County,_Oklahoma" title="Carter County, Oklahoma">Carter</a> counties, into central Texas, where it covers large parts of <a href="/wiki/Montague_County,_Texas" title="Montague County, Texas">Montague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Young_County,_Texas" title="Young County, Texas">Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_County,_Texas" title="Jack County, Texas">Jack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wise_County,_Texas" title="Wise County, Texas">Wise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephens_County,_Texas" title="Stephens County, Texas">Stephens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palo_Pinto_County,_Texas" title="Palo Pinto County, Texas">Palo Pinto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parker_County,_Texas" title="Parker County, Texas">Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastland_County,_Texas" title="Eastland County, Texas">Eastland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erath_County,_Texas" title="Erath County, Texas">Erath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_County,_Texas" title="Brown County, Texas">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Saba_County,_Texas" title="San Saba County, Texas">San Saba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mills_County,_Texas" title="Mills County, Texas">Mills</a> counties, as well as smaller parts of <a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Texas" title="Clay County, Texas">Clay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cooke_County,_Texas" title="Cooke County, Texas">Cooke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Callahan_County,_Texas" title="Callahan County, Texas">Callahan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hood_County,_Texas" title="Hood County, Texas">Hood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coleman_County,_Texas" title="Coleman County, Texas">Coleman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/McCulloch_County,_Texas" title="McCulloch County, Texas">McCulloch</a> counties. In Texas, this area includes the towns of <a href="/wiki/Weatherford,_Texas" title="Weatherford, Texas">Weatherford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mineral_Wells,_Texas" title="Mineral Wells, Texas">Mineral Wells</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stephenville,_Texas" title="Stephenville, Texas">Stephenville</a> lies on the eastern fringe, while <a href="/wiki/Brownwood,_Texas" title="Brownwood, Texas">Brownwood</a> is on the western edge.<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-texasleveliv_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-texasleveliv-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The part of this region north of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20_in_Texas" title="Interstate 20 in Texas">I-20</a> is sometimes colloquially referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Palo_Pinto_Mountains" title="Palo Pinto Mountains">Palo Pinto Mountains</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-backroads_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-backroads-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TPWD_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPWD-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the hills are isolated, rugged, and scenic, with spectacular <a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">bluffs</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Brazos_River" title="Brazos River">Brazos River</a> as it flows through the region.<sup id="cite_ref-backroads_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-backroads-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TPWD_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPWD-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Coal_mining" title="Coal mining">Coal mining</a> has historically been an important activity, as <a href="/wiki/Bituminous_coal" title="Bituminous coal">bituminous coal</a> deposits are found throughout the region;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indeed, the town of <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_Texas" title="Newcastle, Texas">Newcastle</a> in Young County was named after the <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">English city</a> of the same name due to the coal connection.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-to-late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a> <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indians</a> occupied this area, and it became a flash point for conflict between various groups of white settlers, the Comanche, and the <a href="/wiki/Cavalry_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavalry (United States)">U.S. Cavalry</a>; <a href="/wiki/Forts_of_Texas" title="Forts of Texas">Forts</a> <a href="/wiki/Fort_Belknap_(Newcastle,_Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Belknap (Newcastle, Texas)">Belknap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Richardson,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Richardson, Texas">Richardson</a> were built in the area to protect this part of the frontier.<sup id="cite_ref-canyonlands_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canyonlands-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous roads cross this region, including <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_70_in_Oklahoma" title="U.S. Route 70 in Oklahoma">US 70</a> in Oklahoma and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 20 (Texas)">I-20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_30_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 30 (Texas)">I-30</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_67" class="mw-redirect" title="US 67">US 67</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_81" class="mw-redirect" title="US 81">US 81</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_82_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 82 (Texas)">US 82</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_180" class="mw-redirect" title="US 180">US 180</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_183" class="mw-redirect" title="US 183">US 183</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_281" class="mw-redirect" title="US 281">US 281</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_287" class="mw-redirect" title="US 287">US 287</a>, and <a href="/wiki/US_380" class="mw-redirect" title="US 380">US 380</a> in Texas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="29d:_Grand_Prairie">29d: Grand Prairie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 29d: Grand Prairie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A fairly narrow strip dividing the Eastern and Western Cross Timbers, the Grand Prairie differs in <a href="/wiki/Physiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiography">physiography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a>, and land use from both of these, as it is much more nearly level and better suited to <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It includes a small part of <a href="/wiki/Love_County,_Oklahoma" title="Love County, Oklahoma">Love County, Oklahoma</a> (the only part of this region outside of Texas) and passes south through western <a href="/wiki/Cooke_County,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooke County, TX">Cooke County</a>, eastern <a href="/wiki/Wise_County,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="Wise County, TX">Wise County</a>, and western <a href="/wiki/Denton_County,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="Denton County, TX">Denton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarrant_County,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarrant County, TX">Tarrant</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnson County, TX">Johnson</a> counties, and also includes parts of <a href="/wiki/Parker_County,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="Parker County, TX">Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erath_County,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="Erath County, TX">Erath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hood_County,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="Hood County, TX">Hood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somervell_County,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="Somervell County, TX">Somervell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hill_County,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill County, TX">Hill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/McLennan_County,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="McLennan County, TX">McLennan</a> counties. This region contains the cities of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Worth">Fort Worth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granbury,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="Granbury, TX">Granbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denton,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="Denton, TX">Denton</a>, although Denton lies on the border with the Eastern Cross Timbers.<sup id="cite_ref-texasleveliv_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-texasleveliv-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 35 (Texas)">I-35</a> and I-35W cross north to south, while <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_82_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 82 (Texas)">US 82</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_380" class="mw-redirect" title="US 380">US 380</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_30_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 30 (Texas)">I-30</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 20 (Texas)">I-20</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_377" class="mw-redirect" title="US 377">US 377</a>, and <a href="/wiki/US_67" class="mw-redirect" title="US 67">US 67</a> cross east to west; <a href="/wiki/US_81" class="mw-redirect" title="US 81">US 81</a> and <a href="/wiki/US_287" class="mw-redirect" title="US 287">US 287</a> also cross southwest to northeast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="29e:_Limestone_Cut_Plains">29e: Limestone Cut Plains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 29e: Limestone Cut Plains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A broader, southern extension of the Grand Prairie, found only in Texas; it is underlain by limestone rather than sandstone, and serves as a physiological and vegetational transition to the Edwards Plateau, which it borders to the south. All of <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Texas" title="Hamilton County, Texas">Hamilton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coryell_County,_Texas" title="Coryell County, Texas">Coryell</a> counties, large parts of <a href="/wiki/Bell_County,_Texas" title="Bell County, Texas">Bell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lampasas_County,_Texas" title="Lampasas County, Texas">Lampasas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mills_County,_Texas" title="Mills County, Texas">Mills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erath_County,_Texas" title="Erath County, Texas">Erath</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bosque_County,_Texas" title="Bosque County, Texas">Bosque</a> counties, and smaller parts of <a href="/wiki/Williamson_County,_Texas" title="Williamson County, Texas">Williamson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burnet_County,_Texas" title="Burnet County, Texas">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_County,_Texas" title="Brown County, Texas">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comanche_County,_Texas" title="Comanche County, Texas">Comanche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hood_County,_Texas" title="Hood County, Texas">Hood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somervell_County,_Texas" title="Somervell County, Texas">Somervell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/McLennan_County,_Texas" title="McLennan County, Texas">McLennan</a> counties, including the towns of <a href="/wiki/Killeen,_Texas" title="Killeen, Texas">Killeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copperas_Cove,_Texas" title="Copperas Cove, Texas">Copperas Cove</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lampasas,_Texas" title="Lampasas, Texas">Lampasas</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Cavazos" title="Fort Cavazos">Fort Cavazos</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a> base, fall within this region.<sup id="cite_ref-texasleveliv_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-texasleveliv-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the few major roads that cross the Limestone Cut Plains are <a href="/wiki/US_281" class="mw-redirect" title="US 281">US 281</a> north to south and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_84_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 84 (Texas)">US 84</a> east to west. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="29f:_Carbonate_Cross_Timbers">29f: Carbonate Cross Timbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 29f: Carbonate Cross Timbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This ecoregion exists as an <a href="/wiki/Enclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclave">enclave</a> within the Western Cross Timbers, stretching from southern <a href="/wiki/Jack_County,_Texas" title="Jack County, Texas">Jack County, Texas</a> across northwestern <a href="/wiki/Palo_Pinto_County,_Texas" title="Palo Pinto County, Texas">Palo Pinto County</a> into eastern <a href="/wiki/Stephens_County,_Texas" title="Stephens County, Texas">Stephens County</a>, as well as tiny parts of <a href="/wiki/Young_County,_Texas" title="Young County, Texas">Young</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastland_County,_Texas" title="Eastland County, Texas">Eastland</a> counties. The region features a limestone substrate as opposed to sandstone, and has greater topographical relief and denser and different vegetation than other parts of the Cross Timbers. No towns of any size lie within this area, although <a href="/wiki/Possum_Kingdom_Lake" title="Possum Kingdom Lake">Possum Kingdom Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Possum_Kingdom_State_Park" title="Possum Kingdom State Park">State Park</a> do;<sup id="cite_ref-texasleveliv_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-texasleveliv-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the region is crossed by <a href="/wiki/US_180" class="mw-redirect" title="US 180">US 180</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_16" title="Texas State Highway 16">Texas State Highway 16</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="29g:_Arbuckle_Uplift">29g: Arbuckle Uplift</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 29g: Arbuckle Uplift"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Covering a fairly small area in south-central Oklahoma and underlain by a unique mosaic of several different <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a>, this region includes the town of <a href="/wiki/Ardmore,_Oklahoma" title="Ardmore, Oklahoma">Ardmore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="29h:_Northwestern_Cross_Timbers">29h: Northwestern Cross Timbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 29h: Northwestern Cross Timbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An extension in two branches of the Cross Timbers into southwestern Oklahoma, this area features reduced tree density and height, but also small forests dominated by <a href="/wiki/Sugar_maple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar maple">sugar maple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bur_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Bur oak">bur oak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Live_oak" title="Live oak">live oak</a> in deeper river canyons. The towns of <a href="/wiki/Duncan,_Oklahoma" title="Duncan, Oklahoma">Duncan, Oklahoma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walters,_Oklahoma" title="Walters, Oklahoma">Walters, Oklahoma</a>, lie in this region.<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="29i:_Arbuckle_Mountains">29i: Arbuckle Mountains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 29i: Arbuckle Mountains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Arbuckle_Mountains" title="Arbuckle Mountains">Arbuckle Mountains</a> are located in a small area nestled in between regions 29g and h; it is made of <a href="/wiki/Fold_(geology)" title="Fold (geology)">folded</a>, rather than dissected, limestone, sandstone, and <a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(rock)" title="Dolomite (rock)">dolomite</a>, and features the greatest topographical relief of the entire Cross Timbers, though not the highest elevations. The landscape includes many caves, <a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">sinkholes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrosphere)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring (hydrosphere)">springs</a>, and streams.<sup id="cite_ref-oklamap_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35_(Oklahoma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 35 (Oklahoma)">I-35</a> crosses this region north to south. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climatology">Climatology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climatology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part of the difference in the Cross Timbers region and the surrounding regions west (drier) and east (wetter) has to do with the <a href="/wiki/Dry_line" title="Dry line">dry line</a> which separates humid air from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> from the dry air of the <a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Panhandle">Texas Panhandle</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/High_Plains_(United_States)" title="High Plains (United States)">High Plains</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The thick growth formed an almost impenetrable barrier for early American explorers and travelers. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a>, in 1835, described it as "like struggling through forests of cast iron."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Plummer" title="Rachel Plummer">Rachel Plummer</a>, while a captive of the <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a> in 1836, described it as "a range of timber-land from the waters of Arkansas, bearing a southwest direction, crossing the False Ouachita, Red River, the heads of Sabine, Angelina, Natchitoches, Trinity, Brazos, Colorado...the range of timber is of an irregular width, say 5 to 35 miles wide...abounding with small prairies, skirted with timber of various kinds — oak, of every description, ash, elm, hickory, walnut and mulberry...the purest atmosphere I ever breathed was that of these regions."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gregg" title="Josiah Gregg">Josiah Gregg</a> described the Cross Timbers in 1845 as varying in width from five to thirty miles and attributed their denseness to the continual burning of the prairies.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Cross Timbers vary in width from five to thirty miles, and entirely cut off the communication betwixt the interior prairies and those of the great plains. They may be considered as the "fringe" of the great prairies, being a continuous brushy strip, composed of various kinds of <a href="/wiki/Undergrowth" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergrowth">undergrowth</a>; such as black-jack, post-oaks, and in some places hickory, elm, etc., intermixed with a very diminutive dwarf oak, called by the hunters, "<a href="/wiki/Havard_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Havard oak">shin-oak</a>." Most of the timber appears to be kept small by the continual inroads of the "burning prairies;" for, being killed almost annually, it is constantly replaced by scions of undergrowth; so that it becomes more and more dense every reproduction. In some places, however, the oaks are of considerable size, and able to withstand the conflagrations. The Underwood is so matted in many places with grapevines, green-briars, etc., as to form almost impenetrable "roughs," which serve as hiding-places for wild beasts, as well as wild Indians; and would, in savage warfare, prove almost as formidable as the hammocks of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Josiah Gregg</cite></div></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Neighbors" title="Robert Neighbors">Robert Neighbors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rip_Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Rip Ford">Rip Ford</a> reached the "Cross Timbers, two parallel strips of timber region that ran down the middle of Texas", in 1849 while blazing an emigrant trail from Austin to El Paso.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 116">: 116 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_line" title="Dry line">Dry line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Texas_forests" title="History of Texas forests">History of Texas forests</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anderson, Roger C., James S Fralish, Jerry M. Baskin (eds.). <i>Savannas, Barrens, and Rock Outcrop Plant Communities of North America</i>. Cambridge University Press, 1999. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-57322-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-57322-X">0-521-57322-X</a></li> <li>Francaviglia, Richard V. <i>The Cast Iron Forest: A Natural and Cultural History of the North American Cross Timbers</i>. University of Texas Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-72515-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-72515-9">0-292-72515-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gregg" title="Josiah Gregg">Gregg, Josiah</a>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021123022419/http://www.kancoll.org/books/gregg/gr_ch10_2.htm">The Cross Timbers</a>". <i>Commerce of the Prairies</i>. 1845. V. II, Ch. 10, pp. 199–201. (accessed June 19, 2007: hosted by <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020705155911/http://www.kancoll.org/">The Kansas Collection</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Irving, Washington</a>. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Tour_of_the_Prairies/Chapter_21" class="extiw" title="s:A Tour of the Prairies/Chapter 21"><i>A Tour on the Prairies</i>, Chapter XXI.</a> 1835.</li> <li>Johnson, Neil R. (ed. C. Neil Kingsley). <i>The Chickasaw Rancher</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070310112046/http://www.upcolorado.com/bookdetail.asp?isbn=978-0-87081-635-2">University Press of Colorado</a>, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87081-635-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87081-635-2">978-0-87081-635-2</a></li> <li>McLeran, Vic. <i>The Cooper's Hawk: A Cross Timbers Chronicle</i>. Philadelphia: Xlibris Corporation, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7388-5935-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7388-5935-4">0-7388-5935-4</a> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7388-5934-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7388-5934-6">0-7388-5934-6</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (January 2018)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dale, Edward Everett. <i>The Cross Timbers: Memories of a North Texas Boyhood</i>. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1966. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-73611-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-73611-8">0-292-73611-8</a></li> <li>Roach, Joyce. <i>Wild Rose: A Folk History of a Cross Timbers Settlement, Keller, Texas</i>. Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89865-972-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-89865-972-8">0-89865-972-8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation map cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080408100356/http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/images/useco_key.jpg"><i>Level III Ecoregions of the Coterminous United States</i></a> (Map). Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/images/useco_key.jpg">the original</a> on 2008-04-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Level+III+Ecoregions+of+the+Coterminous+United+States&rft.pub=Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fwed%2Fpages%2Fecoregions%2Fimages%2Fuseco_key.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oklamap-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oklamap_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation map cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.epa.gov/wed/ecoregions/ok/ok_front.pdf"><i>Ecoregions of Oklahoma</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). Environmental Protection Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecoregions+of+Oklahoma&rft.pub=Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.epa.gov%2Fwed%2Fecoregions%2Fok%2Fok_front.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-texasmap-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-texasmap_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-texasmap_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-texasmap_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-texasmap_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-texasmap_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-texasmap_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-texasmap_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation map cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://newftp.epa.gov/EPADataCommons/ORD/Ecoregions/tx/tx_front.pdf"><i>Ecoregions of Texas</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). Environmental Protection Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecoregions+of+Texas&rft.pub=Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fnewftp.epa.gov%2FEPADataCommons%2FORD%2FEcoregions%2Ftx%2Ftx_front.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kansasmap-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kansasmap_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kansasmap_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kansasmap_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kansasmap_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kansasmap_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kansasmap_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation map cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.epa.gov/wed/ecoregions/ks/ksne_front.pdf"><i>Ecoregions of Nebraska and Kansas</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). Environmental Protection Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecoregions+of+Nebraska+and+Kansas&rft.pub=Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.epa.gov%2Fwed%2Fecoregions%2Fks%2Fksne_front.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stahle-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stahle_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stahle_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130623031651/http://www.uark.edu/misc/xtimber/map/index.html">"Map of the Ancient Cross Timbers"</a>. University of Arkansas Tree-Ring Laboratory. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uark.edu/misc/xtimber/map/index.html">the original</a> on 2013-06-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+the+Ancient+Cross+Timbers&rft.pub=University+of+Arkansas+Tree-Ring+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uark.edu%2Fmisc%2Fxtimber%2Fmap%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.epa.gov/wed/ecoregions/cec_na/NA_LEVEL_I.pdf">"Ecological Regions of North America Level I"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Environmental Protection Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecological+Regions+of+North+America+Level+I&rft.pub=Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.epa.gov%2Fwed%2Fecoregions%2Fcec_na%2FNA_LEVEL_I.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525200330/ftp://ftp.epa.gov/wed/ecoregions/cec_na/NA_LEVEL_II.pdf">"Ecological Regions of North America Level I-II"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.epa.gov/wed/ecoregions/cec_na/NA_LEVEL_II.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-05-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecological+Regions+of+North+America+Level+I-II&rft.pub=Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.epa.gov%2Fwed%2Fecoregions%2Fcec_na%2FNA_LEVEL_II.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-texasleveliv-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-texasleveliv_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-texasleveliv_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-texasleveliv_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-texasleveliv_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-texasleveliv_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.epa.gov/wed/ecoregions/tx/tx_back.pdf">"Descriptions of the Level IV Ecoregions of Texas"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Environmental Protection Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Descriptions+of+the+Level+IV+Ecoregions+of+Texas&rft.pub=Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.epa.gov%2Fwed%2Fecoregions%2Ftx%2Ftx_back.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-backroads-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-backroads_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-backroads_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgeSyers2000" class="citation book cs1">Hodge, Larry; Syers, Ed (2000). <i>Backroads of Texas</i> (4th ed.). Lanham, MD: Lone Star Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89123-053-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-89123-053-X"><bdi>0-89123-053-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Backroads+of+Texas&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Lone+Star+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-89123-053-X&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.au=Syers%2C+Ed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TPWD-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TPWD_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TPWD_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/pwdpubs/pwd_rp_t3200_1047/14_c_tx_brazos.phtml">"TPWD: An Analysis of Texas Waterways (PWD RP T-3200 1047) – Brazos River"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TPWD%3A+An+Analysis+of+Texas+Waterways+%28PWD+RP+T-3200+1047%29+%E2%80%93+Brazos+River&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tpwd.state.tx.us%2Fpublications%2Fpwdpubs%2Fpwd_rp_t3200_1047%2F14_c_tx_brazos.phtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lone-star.net/mall/txtrails/mineralwells.htm">"Mineral Wells, TX"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mineral+Wells%2C+TX&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lone-star.net%2Fmall%2Ftxtrails%2Fmineralwells.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLively2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lively, Jeanne F. (June 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hrm37">"Metcalf Gap, TX"</a>. <i>Handbook of Texas Online</i>. Texas State Historical Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Metcalf+Gap%2C+TX&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Texas+Online&rft.pub=Texas+State+Historical+Association&rft.date=2010-06-15&rft.aulast=Lively&rft.aufirst=Jeanne+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Fhrm37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarner2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Garner, L. Edwin (June 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/gpm01">"Mineral Resources and Mining"</a>. <i>Handbook of Texas Online</i>. Texas State Historical Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mineral+Resources+and+Mining&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Texas+Online&rft.pub=Texas+State+Historical+Association&rft.date=2010-06-15&rft.aulast=Garner&rft.aufirst=L.+Edwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Fgpm01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hunt, William R. (June 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hln17">"Newcastle, TX"</a>. <i>Handbook of Texas Online</i>. Texas State Historical Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Newcastle%2C+TX&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Texas+Online&rft.pub=Texas+State+Historical+Association&rft.date=2010-06-15&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=William+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Fhln17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-canyonlands-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-canyonlands_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090904025639/http://brazosrivercanyonlands.com/narrative/brazosRiver.html">"Brazos River Canyonlands – The Brazos River"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brazosrivercanyonlands.com/narrative/brazosRiver.html">the original</a> on 2009-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brazos+River+Canyonlands+%E2%80%93+The+Brazos+River&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrazosrivercanyonlands.com%2Fnarrative%2FbrazosRiver.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irving, <i>A Tour on the Prairies</i>, Ch. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plummer, R., Narrative of the Capture and Subsequent Sufferings of Mrs. Rachel Plummer, 1839</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregg, <i>Commerce of the Prairies</i>, V. II, Ch. 10, p. 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ford, J.S., 1963, Rip Ford's Texas. Austin: University of Texas Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-77034-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-77034-0">0-292-77034-0</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_Timbers&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528051359/http://www.uark.edu/misc/xtimber/">The Ancient Cross Timbers Consortium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090116031751/http://www.uark.edu/misc/xtimber/map/">Map of Cross Timbers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/land/tcap/documents/ecoregions_map_tcap_2011.pdf">Texas counties map showing the ecoregion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/pwdpubs/media/pwd_mp_e0100_1070z_08.pdf">Texas counties map showing the ecoregion; similar to the above map</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wildflower.org/collections/collection.php?collection=er29">This collection by wildflower.org lists native plants local to the Texas part of 29.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/ecoregion-download-files-state-region-6#pane-41">https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/ecoregion-download-files-state-region-6#pane-41</a> Under "Texas." 4 maps contain additional information on Cross Timbers, such as which plants grow in the level IV ecoregions. The maps have county borders but no names; however, they detail rivers, lakes, and major cities, and contain photographs. There is also a Texas ecoregion report PDF which describes Cross Timbers vegetation and other features in much more detail than the maps. Under "Oklahoma," there is no ecoregion report PDF yet but more details are contained in the 4 PDF maps.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/ecoregion-download-files-state-region-7#pane-14">https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/ecoregion-download-files-state-region-7#pane-14</a> Under "Kansas," there is no ecoregion report PDF yet but more details are contained in the 4 map PDFs.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.plantmaps.com/">https://www.plantmaps.com/</a> Entering a Zip code reveals which of the level IV ecoregions it falls under.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tarleton.edu/~crosstimbersimages/">Cross Timbers Historic Images Project–Texas</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoagland2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hoagland, Bruce W. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=CR016">"Cross Timbers"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture</i> (online ed.). Oklahoma Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cross+Timbers&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Oklahoma+History+and+Culture&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oklahoma+Historical+Society&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Hoagland&rft.aufirst=Bruce+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.okhistory.org%2Fpublications%2Fenc%2Fentry.php%3Fentry%3DCR016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross+Timbers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121024013411/http://www.library.okstate.edu/okmaps/">Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kansas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Kansas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Kansas" title="Outline of Kansas">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Kansas-related_articles" title="Index of Kansas-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Kansas" title="Abortion in Kansas">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Kansas" title="Cannabis in Kansas">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kansas_culture" title="Category:Kansas culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Kansas" title="Climate change in Kansas">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Kansas" title="Crime in Kansas">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Kansas">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Kansas">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kansas" title="Education in Kansas">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas#Geography" title="Kansas">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Kansas" title="Gun laws in Kansas">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kansas" title="History of Kansas">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Kansas_history" title="Timeline of Kansas history">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Kansas">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kansas_landmarks" title="List of Kansas landmarks">Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Kansas">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Kansas" title="List of people from Kansas">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Kansas">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kansas_state_symbols" title="List of Kansas state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Kansas" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Kansas">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Kansas">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Kansas" title="Constitutions of Kansas">Constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Capitals_of_Kansas" title="Category:Capitals of Kansas">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Capitols_of_Kansas" title="Category:Capitols of Kansas">Capitols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Kansas" title="United States congressional delegations from Kansas">Delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Kansas" title="List of governors of Kansas">Governors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_Kansas" title="Category:Regions of Kansas">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Strip_(Kansas)" title="Cherokee Strip (Kansas)">Cherokee Strip</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cross Timbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissected_Till_Plains" title="Dissected Till Plains">Dissected Till Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East-Central_Kansas" title="East-Central Kansas">East Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_State_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Four State Area">Four State Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint_Hills" title="Flint Hills">Flint Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Plains_(United_States)" title="High Plains (United States)">High Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_metropolitan_area" title="Kansas City metropolitan area">KC metro area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Kansas" title="North Central Kansas">North Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Plains" title="Osage Plains">Osage Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozarks" title="Ozarks">Ozarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hills_(Kansas)" title="Red Hills (Kansas)">Red Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe Trail Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoky_Hills" title="Smoky Hills">Smoky Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Kansas" title="Southeast Kansas">Southeast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Kansas" title="List of counties in Kansas">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_County,_Kansas" title="Allen County, Kansas">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_County,_Kansas" title="Anderson County, Kansas">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atchison_County,_Kansas" title="Atchison County, Kansas">Atchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barber_County,_Kansas" title="Barber County, Kansas">Barber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_County,_Kansas" title="Barton County, Kansas">Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_County,_Kansas" title="Bourbon County, Kansas">Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_County,_Kansas" title="Brown County, Kansas">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_County,_Kansas" title="Butler County, Kansas">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_County,_Kansas" title="Chase County, Kansas">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chautauqua_County,_Kansas" title="Chautauqua County, Kansas">Chautauqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_County,_Kansas" title="Cherokee County, Kansas">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_County,_Kansas" title="Cheyenne County, Kansas">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Kansas" title="Clark County, Kansas">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Kansas" title="Clay County, Kansas">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_County,_Kansas" title="Cloud County, Kansas">Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffey_County,_Kansas" title="Coffey County, Kansas">Coffey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche_County,_Kansas" title="Comanche County, Kansas">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowley_County,_Kansas" title="Cowley County, Kansas">Cowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Kansas" title="Crawford County, Kansas">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur_County,_Kansas" title="Decatur County, Kansas">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickinson_County,_Kansas" title="Dickinson County, Kansas">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doniphan_County,_Kansas" title="Doniphan County, Kansas">Doniphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Kansas" title="Douglas County, Kansas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_County,_Kansas" title="Edwards County, Kansas">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk_County,_Kansas" title="Elk County, Kansas">Elk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_County,_Kansas" title="Ellis County, Kansas">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_County,_Kansas" title="Ellsworth County, Kansas">Ellsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finney_County,_Kansas" title="Finney County, Kansas">Finney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_County,_Kansas" title="Ford County, Kansas">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Kansas" title="Franklin County, Kansas">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geary_County,_Kansas" title="Geary County, Kansas">Geary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gove_County,_Kansas" title="Gove County, Kansas">Gove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_County,_Kansas" title="Graham County, Kansas">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_County,_Kansas" title="Grant County, Kansas">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_County,_Kansas" title="Gray County, Kansas">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeley_County,_Kansas" title="Greeley County, Kansas">Greeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood_County,_Kansas" title="Greenwood County, Kansas">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Kansas" title="Hamilton County, Kansas">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harper_County,_Kansas" title="Harper County, Kansas">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_County,_Kansas" title="Harvey County, Kansas">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskell_County,_Kansas" title="Haskell County, Kansas">Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodgeman_County,_Kansas" title="Hodgeman County, Kansas">Hodgeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Kansas" title="Jackson County, Kansas">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Kansas" title="Jefferson County, Kansas">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewell_County,_Kansas" title="Jewell County, Kansas">Jewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Kansas" title="Johnson County, Kansas">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kearny_County,_Kansas" title="Kearny County, Kansas">Kearny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_County,_Kansas" title="Kingman County, Kansas">Kingman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa_County,_Kansas" title="Kiowa County, Kansas">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labette_County,_Kansas" title="Labette County, Kansas">Labette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_County,_Kansas" title="Lane County, Kansas">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leavenworth_County,_Kansas" title="Leavenworth County, Kansas">Leavenworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Kansas" title="Lincoln County, Kansas">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_County,_Kansas" title="Linn County, Kansas">Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_Kansas" title="Logan County, Kansas">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon_County,_Kansas" title="Lyon County, Kansas">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Kansas" title="Marion County, Kansas">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Kansas" title="Marshall County, Kansas">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McPherson_County,_Kansas" title="McPherson County, Kansas">McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meade_County,_Kansas" title="Meade County, Kansas">Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_County,_Kansas" title="Miami County, Kansas">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_County,_Kansas" title="Mitchell County, Kansas">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Kansas" title="Montgomery County, Kansas">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_County,_Kansas" title="Morris County, Kansas">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_County,_Kansas" title="Morton County, Kansas">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemaha_County,_Kansas" title="Nemaha County, Kansas">Nemaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosho_County,_Kansas" title="Neosho County, Kansas">Neosho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_County,_Kansas" title="Ness County, Kansas">Ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton_County,_Kansas" title="Norton County, Kansas">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_County,_Kansas" title="Osage County, Kansas">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osborne_County,_Kansas" title="Osborne County, Kansas">Osborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_County,_Kansas" title="Ottawa County, Kansas">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_County,_Kansas" title="Pawnee County, Kansas">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_County,_Kansas" title="Phillips County, Kansas">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottawatomie_County,_Kansas" title="Pottawatomie County, Kansas">Pottawatomie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_County,_Kansas" title="Pratt County, Kansas">Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawlins_County,_Kansas" title="Rawlins County, Kansas">Rawlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno_County,_Kansas" title="Reno County, Kansas">Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_County,_Kansas" title="Republic County, Kansas">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_County,_Kansas" title="Rice County, Kansas">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riley_County,_Kansas" title="Riley County, Kansas">Riley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooks_County,_Kansas" title="Rooks County, Kansas">Rooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_County,_Kansas" title="Rush County, Kansas">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_County,_Kansas" title="Russell County, Kansas">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saline_County,_Kansas" title="Saline County, Kansas">Saline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Kansas" title="Scott County, Kansas">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedgwick_County,_Kansas" title="Sedgwick County, Kansas">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward_County,_Kansas" title="Seward County, Kansas">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee_County,_Kansas" title="Shawnee County, Kansas">Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_County,_Kansas" title="Sheridan County, Kansas">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_County,_Kansas" title="Sherman County, Kansas">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_County,_Kansas" title="Smith County, Kansas">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Kansas" title="Stafford County, Kansas">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton_County,_Kansas" title="Stanton County, Kansas">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevens_County,_Kansas" title="Stevens County, Kansas">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner_County,_Kansas" title="Sumner County, Kansas">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_County,_Kansas" title="Thomas County, Kansas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trego_County,_Kansas" title="Trego County, Kansas">Trego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabaunsee_County,_Kansas" title="Wabaunsee County, Kansas">Wabaunsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_County,_Kansas" title="Wallace County, Kansas">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Kansas" title="Washington County, Kansas">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_County,_Kansas" title="Wichita County, Kansas">Wichita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_County,_Kansas" title="Wilson County, Kansas">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodson_County,_Kansas" title="Woodson County, Kansas">Woodson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandotte_County,_Kansas" title="Wyandotte County, Kansas">Wyandotte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Kansas" title="List of cities in Kansas">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_townships_in_Kansas" title="List of townships in Kansas">Townships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Kansas" title="List of census-designated places in Kansas">Census-designated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unincorporated_communities_in_Kansas" title="List of unincorporated communities in Kansas">Unincorporated communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Kansas" title="List of ghost towns in Kansas">Ghost towns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/64px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kansas" title="Portal:Kansas">Kansas portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Oklahoma" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oklahoma" title="Template:Oklahoma"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oklahoma" title="Template talk:Oklahoma"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oklahoma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oklahoma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Oklahoma" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Oklahoma" title="Outline of Oklahoma">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Oklahoma-related_articles" title="Index of Oklahoma-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Oklahoma" title="Climate change in Oklahoma">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Oklahoma" title="List of earthquakes in Oklahoma">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Oklahoma" title="Geography of Oklahoma">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Oklahoma" title="Government of Oklahoma">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Oklahoma" title="Governor of Oklahoma">governor</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Oklahoma" title="List of governors of Oklahoma">list</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oklahoma" title="History of Oklahoma">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rush_of_1889" title="Land Rush of 1889">Land Rush of 1889</a>, <a href="/wiki/Land_Run_of_1891" title="Land Run of 1891">1891</a>, <a href="/wiki/Land_Run_of_1892" title="Land Run of 1892">1892</a>, <a href="/wiki/Land_Run_of_1893" title="Land Run of 1893">1893</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Land_Run_of_1895" title="Land Run of 1895">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unassigned_Lands" title="Unassigned Lands">Unassigned Lands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Oklahoma" title="Category:Mass media in Oklahoma">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Oklahoma" title="List of newspapers in Oklahoma">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Oklahoma" title="List of radio stations in Oklahoma">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Oklahoma" title="List of television stations in Oklahoma">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Oklahoma" title="List of people from Oklahoma">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma#Sports" title="Oklahoma">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oklahoma_state_symbols" title="List of Oklahoma state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Oklahoma" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Oklahoma">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Oklahoma" title="Abortion in Oklahoma">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Oklahoma" title="Cannabis in Oklahoma">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oklahoma_culture" title="Category:Oklahoma culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Oklahoma" title="Crime in Oklahoma">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Oklahoma" title="Demographics of Oklahoma">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Oklahoma" title="Economy of Oklahoma">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma#Education" title="Oklahoma">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Oklahoma" title="Gun laws in Oklahoma">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Oklahoma">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Oklahoma" title="Politics of Oklahoma">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark-La-Tex" title="Ark-La-Tex">Arklatex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Oklahoma" title="Central Oklahoma">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Outlet" title="Cherokee Outlet">Cherokee Outlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_Country" title="Choctaw Country">Choctaw Country</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cross Timbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_State_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Four State Area">Four State Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint_Hills" title="Flint Hills">Flint Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Country" title="Green Country">Green Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Dixie_(Oklahoma)" title="Little Dixie (Oklahoma)">Little Dixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Oklahoma" title="Northwestern Oklahoma">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_metropolitan_area" title="Oklahoma City metropolitan area">Oklahoma City Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouachita_Mountains" title="Ouachita Mountains">Ouachita Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozarks" title="Ozarks">The Ozarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma Panhandle">Panhandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Oklahoma" title="South Central Oklahoma">South Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Oklahoma" title="Southwestern Oklahoma">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texoma" title="Texoma">Texoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_metropolitan_area" title="Tulsa metropolitan area">Tulsa Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Oklahoma" title="Western Oklahoma">Western</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Oklahoma">Largest cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardmore,_Oklahoma" title="Ardmore, Oklahoma">Ardmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartlesville,_Oklahoma" title="Bartlesville, Oklahoma">Bartlesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bixby,_Oklahoma" title="Bixby, Oklahoma">Bixby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broken_Arrow,_Oklahoma" title="Broken Arrow, Oklahoma">Broken Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_City,_Oklahoma" title="Del City, Oklahoma">Del City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan,_Oklahoma" title="Duncan, Oklahoma">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond,_Oklahoma" title="Edmond, Oklahoma">Edmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enid,_Oklahoma" title="Enid, Oklahoma">Enid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawton,_Oklahoma" title="Lawton, Oklahoma">Lawton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_City,_Oklahoma" title="Midwest City, Oklahoma">Midwest City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskogee,_Oklahoma" title="Muskogee, Oklahoma">Muskogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore,_Oklahoma" title="Moore, Oklahoma">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma" title="Norman, Oklahoma">Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owasso,_Oklahoma" title="Owasso, Oklahoma">Owasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponca_City,_Oklahoma" title="Ponca City, Oklahoma">Ponca City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee,_Oklahoma" title="Shawnee, Oklahoma">Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stillwater,_Oklahoma" title="Stillwater, Oklahoma">Stillwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon,_Oklahoma" title="Yukon, Oklahoma">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Oklahoma" title="List of counties in Oklahoma">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adair_County,_Oklahoma" title="Adair County, Oklahoma">Adair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfalfa_County,_Oklahoma" title="Alfalfa County, Oklahoma">Alfalfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoka_County,_Oklahoma" title="Atoka County, Oklahoma">Atoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_County,_Oklahoma" title="Beaver County, Oklahoma">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beckham_County,_Oklahoma" title="Beckham County, Oklahoma">Beckham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_County,_Oklahoma" title="Blaine County, Oklahoma">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_County,_Oklahoma" title="Bryan County, Oklahoma">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddo_County,_Oklahoma" title="Caddo County, Oklahoma">Caddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_County,_Oklahoma" title="Canadian County, Oklahoma">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_County,_Oklahoma" title="Carter County, Oklahoma">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Cherokee County, Oklahoma">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_County,_Oklahoma" title="Choctaw County, Oklahoma">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimarron_County,_Oklahoma" title="Cimarron County, Oklahoma">Cimarron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_County,_Oklahoma" title="Cleveland County, Oklahoma">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_County,_Oklahoma" title="Coal County, Oklahoma">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche_County,_Oklahoma" title="Comanche County, Oklahoma">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_County,_Oklahoma" title="Cotton County, Oklahoma">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_County,_Oklahoma" title="Craig County, Oklahoma">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_County,_Oklahoma" title="Creek County, Oklahoma">Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custer_County,_Oklahoma" title="Custer County, Oklahoma">Custer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_Oklahoma" title="Delaware County, Oklahoma">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewey_County,_Oklahoma" title="Dewey County, Oklahoma">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_County,_Oklahoma" title="Ellis County, Oklahoma">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield_County,_Oklahoma" title="Garfield County, Oklahoma">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garvin_County,_Oklahoma" title="Garvin County, Oklahoma">Garvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grady_County,_Oklahoma" title="Grady County, Oklahoma">Grady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_County,_Oklahoma" title="Grant County, Oklahoma">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greer_County,_Oklahoma" title="Greer County, Oklahoma">Greer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmon_County,_Oklahoma" title="Harmon County, Oklahoma">Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harper_County,_Oklahoma" title="Harper County, Oklahoma">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskell_County,_Oklahoma" title="Haskell County, Oklahoma">Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_County,_Oklahoma" title="Hughes County, Oklahoma">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Oklahoma" title="Jackson County, Oklahoma">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Oklahoma" title="Jefferson County, Oklahoma">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_County,_Oklahoma" title="Johnston County, Oklahoma">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_County,_Oklahoma" title="Kay County, Oklahoma">Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingfisher_County,_Oklahoma" title="Kingfisher County, Oklahoma">Kingfisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa_County,_Oklahoma" title="Kiowa County, Oklahoma">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latimer_County,_Oklahoma" title="Latimer County, Oklahoma">Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Flore_County,_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Flore County, Oklahoma">Le Flore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Oklahoma" title="Lincoln County, Oklahoma">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_Oklahoma" title="Logan County, Oklahoma">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_County,_Oklahoma" title="Love County, Oklahoma">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_County,_Oklahoma" title="Major County, Oklahoma">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Oklahoma" title="Marshall County, Oklahoma">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayes_County,_Oklahoma" title="Mayes County, Oklahoma">Mayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McClain_County,_Oklahoma" title="McClain County, Oklahoma">McClain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCurtain_County,_Oklahoma" title="McCurtain County, Oklahoma">McCurtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McIntosh_County,_Oklahoma" title="McIntosh County, Oklahoma">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_County,_Oklahoma" title="Murray County, Oklahoma">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskogee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Muskogee County, Oklahoma">Muskogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_County,_Oklahoma" title="Noble County, Oklahoma">Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowata_County,_Oklahoma" title="Nowata County, Oklahoma">Nowata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okfuskee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Okfuskee County, Oklahoma">Okfuskee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_County,_Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma County, Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okmulgee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Okmulgee County, Oklahoma">Okmulgee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_County,_Oklahoma" title="Osage County, Oklahoma">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_County,_Oklahoma" title="Ottawa County, Oklahoma">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pawnee County, Oklahoma">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payne_County,_Oklahoma" title="Payne County, Oklahoma">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburg_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pittsburg County, Oklahoma">Pittsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontotoc_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pontotoc County, Oklahoma">Pontotoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottawatomie_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma">Pottawatomie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushmataha_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pushmataha County, Oklahoma">Pushmataha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Mills_County,_Oklahoma" title="Roger Mills County, Oklahoma">Roger Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_County,_Oklahoma" title="Rogers County, Oklahoma">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_County,_Oklahoma" title="Seminole County, Oklahoma">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoyah_County,_Oklahoma" title="Sequoyah County, Oklahoma">Sequoyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephens_County,_Oklahoma" title="Stephens County, Oklahoma">Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_County,_Oklahoma" title="Texas County, Oklahoma">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillman_County,_Oklahoma" title="Tillman County, Oklahoma">Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_County,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa County, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagoner_County,_Oklahoma" title="Wagoner County, Oklahoma">Wagoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Oklahoma" title="Washington County, Oklahoma">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washita_County,_Oklahoma" title="Washita County, Oklahoma">Washita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woods_County,_Oklahoma" title="Woods County, Oklahoma">Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodward_County,_Oklahoma" title="Woodward County, Oklahoma">Woodward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/32px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/48px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/64px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oklahoma" title="Portal:Oklahoma">Oklahoma portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texas" title="Template:Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Texas" title="Template talk:Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Texas-related_articles" title="Index of Texas-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Texas" title="Outline of Texas">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Texas" title="Architecture of Texas">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Texas" title="Climate of Texas">Climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Texas" title="Climate change in Texas">Climate change</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Texas" title="Geography of Texas">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Texas" title="Government of Texas">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Texas" title="Healthcare in Texas">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Texas" title="History of Texas">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Texas" title="Languages of Texas">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Texas" title="Law of Texas">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_literature" title="Texas literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Texas" title="Category:Mass media in Texas">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Texas" title="List of newspapers in Texas">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Texas" title="List of radio stations in Texas">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Texas" title="List of television stations in Texas">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Texas" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Texas">National Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas">National Register of Historic Places Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Recorded_Texas_Historic_Landmarks" title="List of Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks">Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Texas" title="Sports in Texas">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_state_symbols" title="List of Texas state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Texas" title="List of people from Texas">Texans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Texas" title="Time in Texas">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Texas" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Texas">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Texas" title="Transportation in Texas">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Texas" title="Abortion in Texas">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Texas" title="Culture of Texas">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Texas" title="Crime in Texas">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Texas" title="Demographics of Texas">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Texas" title="Economy of Texas">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Texas" title="Education in Texas">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Texas" title="Gambling in Texas">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Texas" title="Gun laws in Texas">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Texas">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Texas">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Texas" title="Politics of Texas">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Texas" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark-La-Tex" title="Ark-La-Tex">Ark‑La‑Tex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_(Texas)" title="Big Bend (Texas)">Big Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boca_Chica_(Texas)" title="Boca Chica (Texas)">Boca Chica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Blackland_Prairies" title="Texas Blackland Prairies">Blackland Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazos_Valley" title="Brazos Valley">Brazos Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Texas" title="Central Texas">Central Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Coastal_Bend" title="Texas Coastal Bend">Coastal Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concho_Valley" title="Concho Valley">Concho Valley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cross Timbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Texas" title="East Texas">East Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Plateau" title="Edwards Plateau">Edwards Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Triangle_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Triangle (Texas)">Golden Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Hill Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Texas" title="Northeast Texas">Northeast Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Texas" title="North Texas">North Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Plains" title="Osage Plains">Osage Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_panhandle" title="Texas panhandle">Panhandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piney_Woods" title="Piney Woods">Piney Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Rio_Grande_Valley" title="Lower Rio Grande Valley">Rio Grande Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Texas" title="Southeast Texas">Southeast Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Plains" title="South Plains">South Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texoma" title="Texoma">Texoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Pecos" title="Trans-Pecos">Trans-Pecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Texas" title="West Texas">West Texas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_metropolitan_areas" title="List of Texas metropolitan areas">Metropolitan<br />areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>–<a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greater_Austin" title="Greater Austin">Greater Austin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont</a>–<a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Texas" title="Port Arthur, Texas">Port Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a>–<a href="/wiki/Harlingen,_Texas" title="Harlingen, Texas">Harlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Station,_Texas" title="College Station, Texas">College Station</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bryan,_Texas" title="Bryan, Texas">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>–<a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a>–<a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">DFW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>–<a href="/wiki/The_Woodlands,_Texas" title="The Woodlands, Texas">The Woodlands</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sugar_Land,_Texas" title="Sugar Land, Texas">Sugar Land</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Greater Houston</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killeen,_Texas" title="Killeen, Texas">Killeen</a>–<a href="/wiki/Temple,_Texas" title="Temple, Texas">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longview,_Texas" title="Longview, Texas">Longview</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kilgore,_Texas" title="Kilgore, Texas">Kilgore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McAllen,_Texas" title="McAllen, Texas">McAllen</a>–<a href="/wiki/Edinburg,_Texas" title="Edinburg, Texas">Edinburg</a>–<a href="/wiki/Mission,_Texas" title="Mission, Texas">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odessa,_Texas" title="Odessa, Texas">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Angelo,_Texas" title="San Angelo, Texas">San Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>–<a href="/wiki/New_Braunfels,_Texas" title="New Braunfels, Texas">New Braunfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman,_Texas" title="Sherman, Texas">Sherman</a>–<a href="/wiki/Denison,_Texas" title="Denison, Texas">Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texarkana,_Texas" title="Texarkana, Texas">Texarkana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler,_Texas" title="Tyler, Texas">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Texas" title="Victoria, Texas">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Creek_(Texas)" title="Wagner Creek (Texas)">Wagner Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas" title="Wichita Falls, Texas">Wichita Falls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">List of counties in Texas</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/64px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Level_III_Ecoregions_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ecoregions_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Ecoregions in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ecoregions_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Ecoregions in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ecoregions_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ecoregions in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Level_III_Ecoregions_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Level III <a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_the_United_States_(EPA)" title="List of ecoregions in the United States (EPA)">Ecoregions in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marine West Coast Forest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Range_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast Range (ecoregion)">1 Coast Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puget_Lowland_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puget Lowland (ecoregion)">2 Puget Lowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willamette_Valley_(ecoregion)" title="Willamette Valley (ecoregion)">3 Willamette Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahklun_and_Kilbuck_Mountains_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahklun and Kilbuck Mountains (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">111 Ahklun and Kilbuck Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska_Peninsula_Mountains_(ecoregions)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alaska Peninsula Mountains (ecoregions) (page does not exist)">113 Alaska Peninsula Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cook_Inlet_(ecoregions)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cook Inlet (ecoregions) (page does not exist)">115 Cook Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coastal_Mountains_(ecoregions)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacific Coastal Mountains (ecoregions) (page does not exist)">119 Pacific Coastal Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coastal_Western_Hemlock-Sitka_Spruce_Forests_(ecoregions)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coastal Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce Forests (ecoregions) (page does not exist)">120 Coastal Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce Forests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northwestern Forested Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cascades_(ecoregion)" title="Cascades (ecoregion)">4 Cascades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (ecoregion)">5 Sierra Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cascades_Slopes_and_Foothills_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills (ecoregion)">9 Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mountains_(ecoregion)" title="Blue Mountains (ecoregion)">11 Blue Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Rockies_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Rockies (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">15 Northern Rockies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Batholith_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho Batholith (ecoregion)">16 Idaho Batholith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Rockies_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Rockies (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">17 Middle Rockies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasatch_and_Uinta_Mountains_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasatch and Uinta Mountains (ecoregion)">19 Wasatch and Uinta Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Rockies_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Rockies (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">21 Southern Rockies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rockies_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canadian Rockies (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">41 Canadian Rockies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Cascades_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Cascades (ecoregion)">77 North Cascades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_Mountains_(ecoregion)" title="Klamath Mountains (ecoregion)">78 Klamath Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interior_Highlands_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interior Highlands (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">105 Interior Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska_Range_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alaska Range (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">116 Alaska Range</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copper_Plateau_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copper Plateau (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">117 Copper Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrangell_Mountains_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wrangell Mountains (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">118 Wrangell Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mediterranean California</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_and_Central_California_Chaparral_and_Oak_Woodlands_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands (ecoregion)">6 Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_California_Valley_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central California Valley (ecoregion)">7 Central California Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Mountains_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern California Mountains (ecoregion)">8 Southern California Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North American Deserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Plateau_(ecoregion)" title="Columbia Plateau (ecoregion)">10 Columbia Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_River_Plain_(ecoregion)" title="Snake River Plain (ecoregion)">12 Snake River Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Basin_and_Range_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Basin and Range (ecoregion)">13 Central Basin and Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Basin_and_Range_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojave Basin and Range (ecoregion)">14 Mojave Basin and Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Basin_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyoming Basin (ecoregion)">18 Wyoming Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colorado_Plateaus_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colorado Plateaus (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">20 Colorado Plateaus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arizona/New_Mexico_Plateau_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arizona/New Mexico Plateau (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">22 Arizona/New Mexico Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chihuahuan_Deserts_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chihuahuan Deserts (ecoregion)">24 Chihuahuan Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Basin_and_Range_ecoregion" title="Northern Basin and Range ecoregion">80 Northern Basin and Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Basin_and_Range_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonoran Basin and Range (ecoregion)">81 Sonoran Basin and Range</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Temperate Sierras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona/New_Mexico_Mountains_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona/New Mexico Mountains (ecoregion)">23 Arizona/New Mexico Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Great Plains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_High_Plains_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western High Plains (ecoregion)">25 Western High Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southwestern_Tablelands_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southwestern Tablelands (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">26 Southwestern Tablelands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Great_Plains_(ecoregion)" title="Central Great Plains (ecoregion)">27 Central Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint_Hills_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flint Hills (ecoregion)">28 Flint Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Oklahoma/Texas_Plains_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains (ecoregion)">29 Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains (Cross Timbers)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Plateau_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwards Plateau (ecoregion)">30 Edwards Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Texas_Plains_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Texas Plains (ecoregion)">31 Southern Texas Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Gulf_Coastal_Plain_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Gulf Coastal Plain (ecoregion)">34 Western Gulf Coastal Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Irregular_Plains_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Irregular Plains (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">40 Central Irregular Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northwestern_Glaciated_Plains_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northwestern Glaciated Plains (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">42 Northwestern Glaciated Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northwestern_Great_Plains_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northwestern Great Plains (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">43 Northwestern Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Sand_Hills_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska Sand Hills (ecoregion)">44 Nebraska Sand Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(ecoregion)" title="Piedmont (ecoregion)">45 Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Glaciated_Plains_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Glaciated Plains (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">46 Northern Glaciated Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Corn_Belt_Plains" title="Western Corn Belt Plains">47 Western Corn Belt Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Agassiz_Plain_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Agassiz Plain (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">48 Lake Agassiz Plain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Temperate Forest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Blackland_Prairies_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Blackland Prairies (ecoregion)">32 Texas Blackland Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Central_Texas_Plains_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Central Texas Plains (ecoregion)">33 East Central Texas Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Central_Plains_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Central Plains (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">35 South Central Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouachita_Mountains" title="Ouachita Mountains">36 Ouachita Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Valley_(ecoregion)" title="Arkansas Valley (ecoregion)">37 Arkansas Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Mountains" title="Boston Mountains">38 Boston Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Highlands_(ecoregion)" title="Ozark Highlands (ecoregion)">39 Ozark Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Hardwood_Forests_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Central Hardwood Forests (ecoregion)">51 North Central Hardwood Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driftless_Area_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Driftless Area (ecoregion)">52 Driftless Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Wisconsin_Till_Plains" title="Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains">53 Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Corn_Belt_Plains_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Corn Belt Plains (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">54 Central Corn Belt Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Corn_Belt_Plains_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Corn Belt Plains (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">55 Eastern Corn Belt Plains </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Michigan/Northern_Indiana_Drift_Plains_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Michigan/Northern Indiana Drift Plains (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">56 Southern Michigan/Northern Indiana Drift Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huron/Erie_Lake_Plains_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huron/Erie Lake Plains (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">57 Huron/Erie Lake Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeastern_Coastal_Zone_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northeastern Coastal Zone (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">59 Northeastern Coastal Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Appalachian_Plateau_and_Uplands_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Appalachian Plateau and Uplands (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">60 Northern Appalachian Plateau and Uplands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erie_Drift_Plain_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erie Drift Plain (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">61 Erie Drift Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Atlantic_Coastal_Plain_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain (ecoregion)">63 Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Piedmont_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Piedmont (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">64 Northern Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Plains_(ecoregion)" title="Southeastern Plains (ecoregion)">65 Southeastern Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Ridge (ecoregion)">66 Blue Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge_and_Valley_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ridge and Valley (ecoregion)">67 Ridge and Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southwestern_Appalachians_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southwestern Appalachians (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">68 Southwestern Appalachians</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Appalachians_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Appalachians (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">69 Central Appalachians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Allegheny_Plateau_(ecoregion)" title="Western Allegheny Plateau (ecoregion)">70 Western Allegheny Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interior_Plateau_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interior Plateau (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">71 Interior Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interior_River_Valleys_and_Hills_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interior River Valleys and Hills (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">72 Interior River Valleys and Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Alluvial_Plain_(ecoregion)" title="Mississippi Alluvial Plain (ecoregion)">73 Mississippi Alluvial Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Valley_Loess_Plains_(ecoregion)" title="Mississippi Valley Loess Plains (ecoregion)">74 Mississippi Valley Loess Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Coastal_Plain_(ecoregion)" title="Southern Coastal Plain (ecoregion)">75 Southern Coastal Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurentian_Plains_and_Hills_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurentian Plains and Hills (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">82 Laurentian Plains and Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Great_Lakes_and_Hudson_Lowlands_(ecoregion)" title="Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Lowlands (ecoregion)">83 Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_coastal_pine_barrens" title="Atlantic coastal pine barrens">84 Atlantic Coastal Pine Barrens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Forests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Minnesota_Wetlands_(ecoregion)" title="Northern Minnesota Wetlands (ecoregion)">49 Northern Minnesota Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Lakes_and_Forests_(ecoregion)" title="Northern Lakes and Forests (ecoregion)">50 Northern Lakes and Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Highlands_(ecoregion)" title="Northeastern Highlands (ecoregion)">58 Northeastern Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Central_Appalachians_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Central Appalachians (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">62 North Central Appalachians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tropical Wet Forests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Florida_Coastal_Plain_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Florida Coastal Plain (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">76 Southern Florida Coastal Plain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Semi-Arid Highlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrean_Archipelago_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrean Archipelago (ecoregion)">79 Madrean Archipelago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taiga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Coastal_Plain_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic Coastal Plain (ecoregion)">101 Arctic Coastal Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Foothills_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic Foothills (ecoregion)">102 Arctic Foothills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Range_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooks Range (ecoregion)">103 Brooks Range</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interior_Forested_Lowlands_and_Uplands_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interior Forested Lowlands and Uplands (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">104 Interior Forested Lowlands and Uplands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interior_Bottomlands_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interior Bottomlands (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">106 Interior Bottomlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_Flats_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yukon Flats (ecoregion)">107 Yukon Flats</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogilvie_Mountains_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogilvie Mountains (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">108 Ogilvie Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tundra</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subarctic_Coastal_Plains_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subarctic Coastal Plains (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">109 Subarctic Coastal Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seward_Peninsula_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seward Peninsula (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">110 Seward Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Bay-Nushagak_Lowlands_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bristol Bay-Nushagak Lowlands (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">112 Bristol Bay-Nushagak Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands_(ecoregion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleutian Islands (ecoregion) (page does not exist)">114 Aleutian Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>as defined by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/level_iii.htm">[1]</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cross_Timbers&params=34_00_N_97_15_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">97°15′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.000°N 97.250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.000; -97.250</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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