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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_S-100" title="Bus S-100 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bus S-100" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sb%C4%9Brnice_S-100" title="Sběrnice S-100 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sběrnice S-100" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-100-Bus" title="S-100-Bus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="S-100-Bus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_S-100" title="Bus S-100 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bus S-100" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-100_%EB%B2%84%EC%8A%A4" title="S-100 버스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="S-100 버스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-100" title="S-100 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="S-100" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-100" title="S-100 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="S-100" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-100%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9" title="S-100バス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="S-100バス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-100_(magistrala_komunikacyjna)" title="S-100 (magistrala komunikacyjna) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="S-100 (magistrala komunikacyjna)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-100" title="S-100 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="S-100" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-100_(%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85)" title="S-100 (шина данных) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="S-100 (шина данных)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-100" title="S-100 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="S-100" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-100" title="S-100 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="S-100" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-100" title="S-100 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="S-100" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Early computer bus</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/S-100_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="S-100 (disambiguation)">S-100 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">S-100 bus</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cromemco_Blitz_Bus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cromemco_Blitz_Bus.jpg/220px-Cromemco_Blitz_Bus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cromemco_Blitz_Bus.jpg/330px-Cromemco_Blitz_Bus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cromemco_Blitz_Bus.jpg/440px-Cromemco_Blitz_Bus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3228" data-file-height="1797" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Year created</th><td class="infobox-data">1974<span class="noprint">; 50 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1974</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Roberts_(computer_engineer)" title="Ed Roberts (computer engineer)">Ed Roberts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width in bits</th><td class="infobox-data">8</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>S-100 bus</b> or <b>Altair bus</b>, <b>IEEE 696-1983</b> <i>(inactive-withdrawn)</i>, is an early <a href="/wiki/Computer_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer bus">computer bus</a> designed in 1974 as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Altair_8800" title="Altair 8800">Altair 8800</a>. The <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus was the first industry standard <a href="/wiki/Expansion_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Expansion bus">expansion bus</a> for the microcomputer industry. <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> computers, consisting of processor and peripheral cards, were produced by a number of manufacturers. The <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus formed the basis for homebrew computers whose builders (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Homebrew_Computer_Club" title="Homebrew Computer Club">Homebrew Computer Club</a>) implemented drivers for <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> and <a href="/wiki/MP/M" title="MP/M">MP/M</a>. These <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> microcomputers ran the gamut from hobbyist toy to small business workstation and were common in early <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computers</a> until the advent of the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM PC</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harry_Garland_and_Roger_Melen,_co-founders_of_Cromemco_(1981).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Harry_Garland_and_Roger_Melen%2C_co-founders_of_Cromemco_%281981%29.jpg/220px-Harry_Garland_and_Roger_Melen%2C_co-founders_of_Cromemco_%281981%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Harry_Garland_and_Roger_Melen%2C_co-founders_of_Cromemco_%281981%29.jpg/330px-Harry_Garland_and_Roger_Melen%2C_co-founders_of_Cromemco_%281981%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Harry_Garland_and_Roger_Melen%2C_co-founders_of_Cromemco_%281981%29.jpg/440px-Harry_Garland_and_Roger_Melen%2C_co-founders_of_Cromemco_%281981%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1344" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harry_Garland" title="Harry Garland">Harry Garland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Melen" title="Roger Melen">Roger Melen</a>, co-founders of <a href="/wiki/Cromemco" title="Cromemco">Cromemco</a>, holding an <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> backplane (1981)</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-100_bus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus is a <a href="/wiki/Passive_backplane" class="mw-redirect" title="Passive backplane">passive backplane</a> of 100-pin printed circuit board edge connectors wired in parallel. Circuit cards measuring 5 in × 10 in (13 cm × 25 cm) serving the functions of CPU, memory, or I/O interface plugged into these connectors. The bus signal definitions closely follow those of an 8080 microprocessor system, since the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8080" title="Intel 8080">Intel 8080</a> microprocessor was the first microprocessor hosted on the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus. The 100 lines of the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus can be grouped into four types: 1) Power, 2) Data, 3) Address, and 4) Clock and control.<sup id="cite_ref-Garland_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garland-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Power supplied on the bus is bulk unregulated +8 Volt DC and ±16 Volt DC, designed to be <a href="/wiki/Voltage_regulator" title="Voltage regulator">regulated</a> on the cards to +5 V (used by <a href="/wiki/Transistor-transistor_logic" class="mw-redirect" title="Transistor-transistor logic">TTL</a> ICs), -5 V and +12 V for <a href="/wiki/Intel_8080" title="Intel 8080">Intel 8080</a> CPU IC, ±12 V <a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a> line driver ICs, +12 V for disk drive motors. The onboard voltage regulation is typically performed by devices of the <a href="/wiki/78xx" title="78xx">78xx</a> family (for example, a 7805 device to produce +5 volts). These are <a href="/wiki/Linear_regulator" title="Linear regulator">linear regulators</a> which are commonly mounted on heat sinks. </p><p>The bi-directional 8-bit data bus of the Intel 8080 is split into two unidirectional 8-bit data buses. The processor could use only one of these at a time. The <a href="/wiki/Sol-20" title="Sol-20">Sol-20</a> used a variation that had only a single 8-bit bus and used the now-unused pins as signal grounds to reduce <a href="/wiki/Electronic_noise" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic noise">electronic noise</a>. The direction of the bus, in or out, was signaled using the otherwise unused DBIN pin. This became universal in the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> market as well, making the second bus superfluous. Later, these two 8-bit buses would be combined to support a 16-bit data width for more advanced processors, using the Sol's system to signal the direction. </p><p>The address bus is 16-bits wide in the initial implementation and later extended to 24-bits wide. A bus control signal can put these lines in a <a href="/wiki/Three-state_logic" title="Three-state logic">tri-state</a> condition to allow direct memory access. The <a href="/wiki/Cromemco_Dazzler" title="Cromemco Dazzler">Cromemco Dazzler</a>, for example, is an early <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> card that retrieved digital images from memory using direct memory access. </p><p>Clock and control signals are used to manage the traffic on the bus. For example, the <i>DO Disable</i> line will tristate the address lines during direct memory access. Unassigned lines of the original bus specification were later assigned to support more advanced processors. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Zilog" title="Zilog">Zilog</a> <a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Z-80</a> processor has a <a href="/wiki/Non-maskable_interrupt" title="Non-maskable interrupt">non-maskable interrupt</a> line that the Intel 8080 processor does not. One unassigned line of the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus then was reassigned to support the non-maskable interrupt request. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-100_bus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cromemco_XXU_S-100_processor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cromemco_XXU_S-100_processor.jpg/220px-Cromemco_XXU_S-100_processor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cromemco_XXU_S-100_processor.jpg/330px-Cromemco_XXU_S-100_processor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cromemco_XXU_S-100_processor.jpg/440px-Cromemco_XXU_S-100_processor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1201" data-file-height="1150" /></a><figcaption>The Cromemco XXU processor board, introduced in 1986. At 16.7 MHz, it is the fastest CPU ever developed for the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus. It uses a Motorola 68020 processor with 68881 co-processor and 16 Kbytes of high-speed cache memory. This CPU is used in the Cromemco CS-250 computer, widely deployed by the U.S. Air Force.</figcaption></figure><p> During the design of the Altair, the hardware required to make a usable machine was not available in time for the January 1975 launch date. The designer, <a href="/wiki/Ed_Roberts_(computer_engineer)" title="Ed Roberts (computer engineer)">Ed Roberts</a>, also had the problem of the backplane taking up too much room. Attempting to avoid these problems, he placed the existing components in a case with additional "slots", so that the missing components could be plugged in later when they became available. The backplane is split into four separate cards, with the <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a> on a fifth. He then looked for an inexpensive source of connectors, and he came across a supply of military surplus 100-pin <a href="/wiki/Edge_connector" title="Edge connector">edge connectors</a>. The 100-pin bus was created by an anonymous draftsman, who selected the connector from a parts catalog and arbitrarily assigned <a href="/wiki/Signal_(electrical_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal (electrical engineering)">signal</a> names to groups of connector pins.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A burgeoning industry of "clone" machines followed the introduction of the Altair in 1975. Most of these used the same bus layout as the Altair, creating a new industry standard. These companies were forced to refer to the system as the "Altair bus", and wanted another name in order to avoid referring to their competitor when describing their own system. The "<span class="nowrap">S-100</span>" name, short for "Standard 100", was coined by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Garland" title="Harry Garland">Harry Garland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Melen" title="Roger Melen">Roger Melen</a>, co-founders of <a href="/wiki/Cromemco" title="Cromemco">Cromemco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While on a flight to attend the Atlantic City PC '76 microcomputer conference in August 1976, they shared the cabin with Bob Marsh and <a href="/wiki/Lee_Felsenstein" title="Lee Felsenstein">Lee Felsenstein</a> of <a href="/wiki/Processor_Technology" title="Processor Technology">Processor Technology</a>. Melen went over to them to convince them to adopt the same name. He had a beer in his hand and when the plane hit a bump, Melen spilt some of the beer on Marsh. Marsh agreed to use the name, which Melen ascribes to him wanting to get Melen to leave with his beer.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term first appeared in print in a Cromemco advertisement in the November 1976 issue of <a href="/wiki/Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)">Byte magazine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-herb_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first symposium on the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus, moderated by <a href="/wiki/Jim_Warren_(computer_specialist)" title="Jim Warren (computer specialist)">Jim Warren</a>, was held November 20, 1976 at <a href="/wiki/Diablo_Valley_College" title="Diablo Valley College">Diablo Valley College</a> with a panel consisting of <a href="/wiki/Harry_Garland" title="Harry Garland">Harry Garland</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Morrow_(computers)" title="George Morrow (computers)">George Morrow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lee_Felsenstein" title="Lee Felsenstein">Lee Felsenstein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just one year later, the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> Bus would be described as "the most used busing standard ever developed in the computer industry."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cromemco" title="Cromemco">Cromemco</a> was the largest of the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> manufacturers, followed by <a href="/wiki/Vector_Graphic" title="Vector Graphic">Vector Graphic</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Star_Computers" title="North Star Computers">North Star Computers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other innovators were companies such as <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Microsystems" title="Alpha Microsystems">Alpha Microsystems</a>, <a href="/wiki/IMS_Associates,_Inc." title="IMS Associates, Inc.">IMS Associates, Inc.</a>, Godbout Electronics (later <a href="/wiki/Bill_Godbout" title="Bill Godbout">CompuPro</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Ithaca_InterSystems" title="Ithaca InterSystems">Ithaca InterSystems</a>. In May 1984, <i>Microsystems</i> published a comprehensive <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> product directory listing over 500 "<span class="nowrap">S-100</span>/IEEE-696" products from over 150 companies.<sup id="cite_ref-Sol_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sol-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus signals were simple to create using an 8080 CPU, but increasingly less so when using other processors like the 68000. More board space was occupied by signal conversion logic. Nonetheless by 1984, eleven different processors were hosted on the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus, from the 8-bit Intel 8080 to the 16-bit Zilog <a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z8000" title="Zilog Z8000">Z-8000</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sol_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sol-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1986, Cromemco introduced the XXU card, designed by Ed Lupin, utilizing a 32-bit <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> <a href="/wiki/68020" class="mw-redirect" title="68020">68020</a> processor.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="IEEE-696_Standard">IEEE-696 Standard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-100_bus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: IEEE-696 Standard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus gained momentum, there was a need to develop a formal specification of the bus to help assure compatibility of products produced by different manufacturers. There was also a need to extend the bus so that it could support processors more capable than the Intel 8080 used in the original Altair Computer. In May 1978, <a href="/wiki/George_Morrow_(computers)" title="George Morrow (computers)">George Morrow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parasitic_Engineering" title="Parasitic Engineering">Howard Fullmer</a> published a "Proposed Standard for the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> Bus" noting that 150 vendors were already supplying products for the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> Bus. This proposed standard documented the 8-bit data path and 16-bit address path of the bus and stated that consideration was being given to extending the data path to 16 bits and the address path to 24 bits.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1979 Kells Elmquist, Howard Fullmer, David Gustavson, and George Morrow published a "Standard Specification for <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> Bus Interface Devices."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this specification the data path was extended to 16 bits and the address path was extended to 24 bits. The <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</a> 696 Working Group, chaired by Mark Garetz, continued to develop the specification which was proposed as an IEEE Standard and approved by the <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Computer_Society" title="IEEE Computer Society">IEEE Computer Society</a> on June 10, 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-Standard_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Standard-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute" title="American National Standards Institute">American National Standards Institute</a> (ANSI) approved the IEEE standard on September 8, 1983. The computer bus structure developed by Ed Roberts for the Altair 8800 computer had been extended, rigorously documented, and now designated as the American National Standard IEEE Std 696–1983.<sup id="cite_ref-Standard_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Standard-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement">Retirement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-100_bus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cromemco_Z-2_Systems_at_Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange_(1984).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cromemco_Z-2_Systems_at_Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange_%281984%29.jpg/220px-Cromemco_Z-2_Systems_at_Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange_%281984%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cromemco_Z-2_Systems_at_Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange_%281984%29.jpg/330px-Cromemco_Z-2_Systems_at_Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange_%281984%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cromemco_Z-2_Systems_at_Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange_%281984%29.jpg/440px-Cromemco_Z-2_Systems_at_Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange_%281984%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1714" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption>Racks of <a href="/wiki/Cromemco" title="Cromemco">Cromemco</a> <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> Systems at the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange" title="Chicago Mercantile Exchange">Chicago Mercantile Exchange</a> in 1984</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a> in 1981 and followed it with increasingly capable models: the XT in 1983 and the AT in 1984. The success of these computers, which used IBM's own, incompatible bus architecture, cut deeply into the market for <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus products. In May 1984, Sol Libes (who had been a member of the IEEE-696 Working Group) wrote in <a href="/wiki/Microsystems_(magazine)" title="Microsystems (magazine)"><i>Microsystems</i></a>: "there is no doubt that the S-100 market can now be considered a mature industry with only moderate growth potential, compared to the IBM PC-compatible market".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the IBM PC products captured the low-end of the market, <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> machines moved up-scale to more powerful OEM and multiuser systems. Banks of <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus computers were used, for example, to process the trades at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange; the United States Air Force deployed <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus machines for their mission planning systems.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However throughout the 1980s the market for <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus machines for the hobbyist, for personal use, and even for small business was on the decline.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The market for <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus products continued to contract through the early 1990s, as IBM-compatible computers became more capable. In 1992, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, for example, replaced their <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus computers with the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_System/2" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Personal System/2">IBM model PS/2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1994, the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus industry had contracted sufficiently that the IEEE did not see a need to continue supporting the IEEE-696 standard. The IEEE-696 standard was retired on June 14, 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-Standard_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Standard-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-100_bus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Garland-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garland_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGarland1979" class="citation book cs1">Garland, Harry (1979). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontomi00garl/page/159"><i>Introduction to Microprocessor System Design</i></a></span>. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontomi00garl/page/159">159–169</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-022871-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-022871-X"><bdi>0-07-022871-X</bdi></a>. <q>Although many other processors have been adapted to the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus, the bus signal definitions closely follow those of an 8080 system.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Microprocessor+System+Design&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=159-169&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-07-022871-X&rft.aulast=Garland&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontomi00garl%2Fpage%2F159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibes1980" class="citation magazine cs1">Libes, Sol (February 18, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aj4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT54">"The <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> Bus: Past, Present, and Future"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. Vol. 2, no. 1. pp. 7, 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=The+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3ES-100%3C%2Fspan%3E+Bus%3A+Past%2C+Present%2C+and+Future&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7%2C+18&rft.date=1980-02-18&rft.aulast=Libes&rft.aufirst=Sol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Daj4EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPT54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreibergerSwaine2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Freiberger" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Freiberger">Freiberger, Paul</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swaine_(technical_author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Swaine (technical author)">Swaine, Michael</a> (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fireinvalleymaki00frei"><i>Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer</i></a></span> (Second ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fireinvalleymaki00frei/page/66">66</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-135892-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-135892-7"><bdi>0-07-135892-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fire+in+the+Valley%3A+The+Making+of+the+Personal+Computer&rft.pages=66&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-07-135892-7&rft.aulast=Freiberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Swaine%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffireinvalleymaki00frei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/IoNewsVolume1Number1/CromemcoIoNews11Sep-oct1980#page/n5/mode/2up">"The Cromemco Story"</a>. <i>I/O News</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 10. September–October 1980<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-02-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=I%2FO+News&rft.atitle=The+Cromemco+Story&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1980-09%2F1980-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FIoNewsVolume1Number1%2FCromemcoIoNews11Sep-oct1980%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwaineFreiberger2014" class="citation book cs1">Swaine, Michael; Freiberger, Paul (2014-10-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-g5QDwAAQBAJ&q=processor+technology#q=beer"><i>Fire in the Valley: The Birth and Death of the Personal Computer</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781680503524" title="Special:BookSources/9781680503524"><bdi>9781680503524</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fire+in+the+Valley%3A+The+Birth+and+Death+of+the+Personal+Computer&rft.date=2014-10-20&rft.isbn=9781680503524&rft.aulast=Swaine&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Freiberger%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-g5QDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dprocessor%2Btechnology%23q%3Dbeer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-herb-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-herb_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herbert Johnson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://retrotechnology.com/herbs_stuff/s_origins.html">"Origins of <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> computers"</a>, 15 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Reiling1976" class="citation journal cs1">Robert Reiling (December 10, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digibarn.com/collections/newsletters/homebrew/V2_11-12/Homebrew_CC_Dec76_Page_01.jpg">"Random Data"</a>. <i>Homebrew Computer Club Newsletter</i>. <b>2</b> (11–12): 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Homebrew+Computer+Club+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Random+Data&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=11%E2%80%9312&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1976-12-10&rft.au=Robert+Reiling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digibarn.com%2Fcollections%2Fnewsletters%2Fhomebrew%2FV2_11-12%2FHomebrew_CC_Dec76_Page_01.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaks1977" class="citation book cs1">Zaks, Rodnay (1977). <i>Microprocessors - From Chips to Systems</i>. Sybex. p. 302.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Microprocessors+-+From+Chips+to+Systems&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=Sybex&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Zaks&rft.aufirst=Rodnay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibes1981" class="citation journal cs1">Libes, Sol (September–October 1981). "The leaders in the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> marketplace are Cromemco ($50M), Vector Graphics ($30M) and North Star ($25M)". <i>Microsystems</i>. <b>2</b> (5): 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microsystems&rft.atitle=The+leaders+in+the+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3ES-100%3C%2Fspan%3E+marketplace+are+Cromemco+%28%2450M%29%2C+Vector+Graphics+%28%2430M%29+and+North+Star+%28%2425M%29&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1981-09%2F1981-10&rft.aulast=Libes&rft.aufirst=Sol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sol-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sol_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sol_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibes1984" class="citation journal cs1">Libes, Sol (May 1984). "<span class="nowrap">S-100</span> Product Directory". <i>Microsystems</i>. <b>5</b> (5): 59–78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microsystems&rft.atitle=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3ES-100%3C%2Fspan%3E+Product+Directory&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=59-78&rft.date=1984-05&rft.aulast=Libes&rft.aufirst=Sol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/IoNewsVolume5Number4/mode/1up">"New XXU Processor Offers Enormous Speed Advantage"</a>. <i>I/O News</i>. <b>5</b> (4): 1, 9. August–September 1986. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0274-9998">0274-9998</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=I%2FO+News&rft.atitle=New+XXU+Processor+Offers+Enormous+Speed+Advantage&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1%2C+9&rft.date=1986-08%2F1986-09&rft.issn=0274-9998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FIoNewsVolume5Number4%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrowFullmer1978" class="citation journal cs1">Morrow, George; Fullmer, Howard (May 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/co/1978/05/01646965.pdf">"Proposed Standard for the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> Bus"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Computer</i>. <b>11</b> (5). IEEE Computer Society: 84–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2Fc-m.1978.218190">10.1109/c-m.1978.218190</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2023052">2023052</a>. <q>Extending the <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> bus to 24 address bits and 16 data bits was recommended by Dave Gustavson. Exactly how this will be done is presently under consideration.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer&rft.atitle=Proposed+Standard+for+the+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3ES-100%3C%2Fspan%3E+Bus&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=84-90&rft.date=1978-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2Fc-m.1978.218190&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2023052%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Morrow&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Fullmer%2C+Howard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computer.org%2Fcsdl%2Fmags%2Fco%2F1978%2F05%2F01646965.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElmquistFullmerGustavsonMorrow1979" class="citation journal cs1">Elmquist, Kells A.; Fullmer, Howard; Gustavson, David B.; Morrow, George (July 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/co/1979/07/01658813.pdf">"Standard Specification for S-100 Bus Interface Devices"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Computer</i>. <b>12</b> (7). IEEE Computer Society: 28–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2Fmc.1979.1658813">10.1109/mc.1979.1658813</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9797254">9797254</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer&rft.atitle=Standard+Specification+for+S-100+Bus+Interface+Devices&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=28-52&rft.date=1979-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2Fmc.1979.1658813&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9797254%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Elmquist&rft.aufirst=Kells+A.&rft.au=Fullmer%2C+Howard&rft.au=Gustavson%2C+David+B.&rft.au=Morrow%2C+George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computer.org%2Fcsdl%2Fmags%2Fco%2F1979%2F07%2F01658813.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Standard-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Standard_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Standard_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Standard_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>An American National Standard: IEEE 696 Standard Interface Devices</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FIEEESTD.1983.81971">10.1109/IEEESTD.1983.81971</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7381-4244-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7381-4244-9"><bdi>978-0-7381-4244-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+American+National+Standard%3A+IEEE+696+Standard+Interface+Devices&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FIEEESTD.1983.81971&rft.isbn=978-0-7381-4244-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibes1984" class="citation journal cs1">Libes, Sol (May 1984). "S-100 Product Directory". <i>Microsystems</i>. <b>5</b> (5): 59. <q>However there is no doubt that the S-100 market can now be considered a mature industry with only moderate growth potential, compared to the IBM PC-compatible market.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microsystems&rft.atitle=S-100+Product+Directory&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=59&rft.date=1984-05&rft.aulast=Libes&rft.aufirst=Sol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreeding1984" class="citation journal cs1">Breeding, Gary (January–February 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/io-news-volume-3-number-6/mode/2up">"Cromemco Systems Network Transactions at Chaotic Exchange"</a>. <i>I/O News</i>. <b>3</b> (6): 20. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0274-9998">0274-9998</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=I%2FO+News&rft.atitle=Cromemco+Systems+Network+Transactions+at+Chaotic+Exchange&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1984-01%2F1984-02&rft.issn=0274-9998&rft.aulast=Breeding&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fio-news-volume-3-number-6%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"USAF will equip its tactical fighter squadrons with a mission planning system". <i>Aviation Week & Space Technology</i>. <b>126</b> (22): 105. June 1, 1987.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation+Week+%26+Space+Technology&rft.atitle=USAF+will+equip+its+tactical+fighter+squadrons+with+a+mission+planning+system&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=105&rft.date=1987-06-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibes1984" class="citation journal cs1">Libes, Sol (May 1984). "S-100 Product Directory". <i>Microsystems</i>. <b>5</b> (5): 59. <q>Whereas the early growth of the S-100 marketplace relied mainly on hobbyists and early personal computer users, the industry is now concentrating on OEM multiuser systems, and applications requiring more computer power.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microsystems&rft.atitle=S-100+Product+Directory&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=59&rft.date=1984-05&rft.aulast=Libes&rft.aufirst=Sol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waterstechnology.com/data-management/1628751/cme-taps-datacode-to-distribute-quotation-data-to-floor-traders">"CME Taps Datacode To Distribute Quotation Data To Floor Traders"</a>. WatersTechnology. January 27, 1992.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CME+Taps+Datacode+To+Distribute+Quotation+Data+To+Floor+Traders&rft.pub=WatersTechnology&rft.date=1992-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waterstechnology.com%2Fdata-management%2F1628751%2Fcme-taps-datacode-to-distribute-quotation-data-to-floor-traders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-100+bus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-100_bus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:S-100_bus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:S-100 bus">S-100 bus</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.s100computers.com/index.html">"S100 Computers"</a>, A website containing many photos of cards, documentation, and history</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kuhmann.com/Cromemco/CrosNest.htm">""Cromemco" based, S-100 micro-computer"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210161228/http://www.kuhmann.com/Cromemco/CrosNest.htm">Archived</a> 2012-02-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Robert Kuhmann's images of several <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> cards</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://retrotechnology.com/herbs_stuff/s100.html">"Herb's S-100 Stuff"</a>, Herbert Johnson's collection of <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> history</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hartetechnologies.com/manuals">"IEEE-696 / <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> Bus Documentation and Manuals Archive"</a>, Howard Harte's <span class="nowrap">S-100</span> manuals collection</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Technical_and_de_facto_standards_for_wired_computer_buses" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Computer_bus" title="Template:Computer bus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Computer_bus" title="Template talk:Computer bus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Computer_bus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Computer bus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Technical_and_de_facto_standards_for_wired_computer_buses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Technical</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_facto_standard" title="De facto standard"><i>de facto</i> standards</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wired_communication" title="Wired communication">wired</a> <a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">computer buses</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/System_bus" title="System bus">System bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front-side_bus" title="Front-side bus">Front-side bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-side_bus" title="Back-side bus">Back-side bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_chain_(electrical_engineering)" title="Daisy chain (electrical engineering)">Daisy chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_bus" title="Control bus">Control bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Address_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Address bus">Address bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_contention" title="Bus contention">Bus contention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_mastering" title="Bus mastering">Bus mastering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_on_a_chip" title="Network on a chip">Network on a chip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_and_play" title="Plug and play">Plug and play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interface_bit_rates#Computer_buses" title="List of interface bit rates">List of bus bandwidths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-50_bus" title="SS-50 bus">SS-50 bus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">S-100 bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">Multibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unibus" title="Unibus">Unibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAXBI_bus" title="VAXBI bus">VAXBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBus_(SPARC)" title="MBus (SPARC)">MBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STD_Bus" title="STD Bus">STD Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-Bus" title="Q-Bus">Q-Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Card_Bus" title="Europe Card Bus">Europe Card Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Industry Standard Architecture">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEbus" title="STEbus">STEbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_II" title="Amiga Zorro II">Zorro II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_III" title="Amiga Zorro III">Zorro III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Automated_Measurement_and_Control" title="Computer Automated Measurement and Control">CAMAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASTBUS" title="FASTBUS">FASTBUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Pin_Count" title="Low Pin Count">LPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Precision_Bus" title="HP Precision Bus">HP Precision Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Extended Industry Standard Architecture">EISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMEbus" title="VMEbus">VME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VME_eXtensions_for_Instrumentation" title="VME eXtensions for Instrumentation">VXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VXS" title="VXS">VXS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPX" title="VPX">VPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuBus" title="NuBus">NuBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TURBOchannel" title="TURBOchannel">TURBOchannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Channel_architecture" title="Micro Channel architecture">MCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBus" title="SBus">SBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VESA_Local_Bus" title="VESA Local Bus">VLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSC_bus" title="GSC bus">HP GSC bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand">InfiniBand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Port_Architecture" title="Ultra Port Architecture">UPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect" title="Peripheral Component Interconnect">PCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI-X" title="PCI-X">PCI Extended (PCI-X)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_eXtensions_for_Instrumentation" title="PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation">PXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express (PCIe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Port" title="Accelerated Graphics Port">AGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compute_Express_Link" title="Compute Express Link">Compute Express Link (CXL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Media_Interface" title="Direct Media Interface">Direct Media Interface (DMI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RapidIO" title="RapidIO">RapidIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnect" title="Intel QuickPath Interconnect">Intel QuickPath Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVLink" title="NVLink">NVLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperTransport" title="HyperTransport">HyperTransport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_Fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Infinity Fabric">Infinity Fabric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Ultra_Path_Interconnect" title="Intel Ultra Path Interconnect">Intel Ultra Path Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coherent_Accelerator_Processor_Interface" title="Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface">Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceWire" title="SpaceWire">SpaceWire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ST-506/ST-412" title="ST-506/ST-412">ST-506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Small_Disk_Interface" title="Enhanced Small Disk Interface">ESDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Peripheral_Interface" title="Intelligent Peripheral Interface">IPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_Module_Device" title="Storage Module Device">SMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">Parallel ATA (PATA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_and_Tag" title="Bus and Tag">Bus and Tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Storage_Systems_Interconnect" title="Digital Storage Systems Interconnect">DSSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIPPI" title="HIPPI">HIPPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA" title="SATA">Serial ATA (SATA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI">SAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESCON" title="ESCON">ESCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Storage_Architecture" title="Serial Storage Architecture">SSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATAe</a></li> <li>PCI Express (via <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">AHCI</a> or <a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVMe</a> logical device interface)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peripheral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Apple Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_SIO" title="Atari SIO">Atari SIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Control_Bus" title="Digital Control Bus">DCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_bus" title="Commodore bus">Commodore bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP-IL" title="HP-IL">HP-IL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIL_bus" title="HIL bus">HIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-423" title="RS-423">RS-423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-485" title="RS-485">RS-485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_(connector)" title="Lightning (connector)">Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMX512#DMX512-A" title="DMX512">DMX512-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE-488" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE-488">IEEE-488 (GPIB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1284" title="IEEE 1284">IEEE-1284 (parallel port)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">IEEE-1394 (FireWire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNI/O" title="UNI/O">UNI/O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Wire" title="1-Wire">1-Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C2%B2C" title="I²C">I²C</a> (<a href="/wiki/ACCESS.bus" title="ACCESS.bus">ACCESS.bus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_Management_Bus" title="Power Management Bus">PMBus</a>, <a href="/wiki/System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I3C_(bus)" title="I3C (bus)">I3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface" title="Serial Peripheral Interface">SPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61030" title="IEC 61030">D²B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel SCSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profibus" title="Profibus">Profibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Link" title="Camera Link">Camera Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express#PCI_Express_External_Cabling" title="PCI Express">External PCIe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAT_Lightpipe" title="ADAT Lightpipe">ADAT Lightpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES3" title="AES3">AES3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_High_Definition_Audio" title="Intel High Definition Audio">Intel HD Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C2%B2S" title="I²S">I²S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MADI" title="MADI">MADI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McASP" title="McASP">McASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOSLINK" title="TOSLINK">TOSLINK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PC Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExpressCard" title="ExpressCard">ExpressCard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Embedded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multidrop_bus" title="Multidrop bus">Multidrop bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoreConnect" title="CoreConnect">CoreConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Microcontroller_Bus_Architecture" title="Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture">AMBA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Advanced_eXtensible_Interface" title="Advanced eXtensible Interface">AXI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishbone_(computer_bus)" title="Wishbone (computer bus)">Wishbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLIMbus" title="SLIMbus">SLIMbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.</small><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_buses" title="Category:Computer buses">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S-100_bus&oldid=1242630494">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S-100_bus&oldid=1242630494</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_buses" title="Category:Computer buses">Computer buses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Early_microcomputers" title="Category:Early microcomputers">Early microcomputers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IEEE_standards" title="Category:IEEE standards">IEEE standards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer-related_introductions_in_1974" title="Category:Computer-related introductions in 1974">Computer-related introductions in 1974</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cromemco" title="Category:Cromemco">Cromemco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:S-100_bus" title="Category:S-100 bus">S-100 bus</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul 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