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Panganiban</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Filipino writer (1863–1890)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Jose Panganiban" redirects here. For the municipality, see <a href="/wiki/Jose_Panganiban,_Camarines_Norte" title="Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte">Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Panganiban</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Enverga</i>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Jose_Villa_Panganiban" title="Jose Villa Panganiban">Jose Villa Panganiban</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">José María Panganiban</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jose_maria_panganiban_bust_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jose_maria_panganiban_bust_1.jpg/220px-Jose_maria_panganiban_bust_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jose_maria_panganiban_bust_1.jpg/330px-Jose_maria_panganiban_bust_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jose_maria_panganiban_bust_1.jpg/440px-Jose_maria_panganiban_bust_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><span class="nowrap">José María Panganiban y Enverga</span></div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1863-02-01</span>)</span>February 1, 1863<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Jose_Panganiban,_Camarines_Norte" title="Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte">Mambulao, Camarines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 19, 1890<span style="display:none">(1890-08-19)</span> (aged 27)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Monuments</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jose_Panganiban,_Camarines_Norte" title="Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte">Jose Panganiban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daet,_Camarines_Norte" class="mw-redirect" title="Daet, Camarines Norte">Daet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Naga_City,_Camarines_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Naga City, Camarines Sur">Naga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camarines_Sur" title="Camarines Sur">Camarines Sur</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Filipino</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Jomapa, J.M.P.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Rosary_Seminary" title="Holy Rosary Seminary">Holy Rosary Seminary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colegio_de_San_Juan_de_Letran" title="Colegio de San Juan de Letran">Colegio de San Juan de Letran</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">University of Barcelona</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Writer, journalist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization(s)</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/La_Solidaridad" title="La Solidaridad">La Solidaridad</a>, Asociacion Hispano-Filipina, <a href="/wiki/Free_Masonry" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Masonry">Free Masonry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jose Ma. Panganiban y Enverga</b> (February 1, 1863 – August 19, 1890) was a Filipino <a href="/wiki/Propagandist" class="mw-redirect" title="Propagandist">propagandist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguist" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguist">linguist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Essayist" class="mw-redirect" title="Essayist">essayist</a>. He is one of the main writers and contributors for <i><a href="/wiki/La_Solidaridad" title="La Solidaridad">La Solidaridad</a></i>, writing under the pen names "Jomapa" and "J.M.P." </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Panganiban&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jose_Ma._Panganiban_y_Enverga_NHCP_historical_marker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jose_Ma._Panganiban_y_Enverga_NHCP_historical_marker.jpg/220px-Jose_Ma._Panganiban_y_Enverga_NHCP_historical_marker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jose_Ma._Panganiban_y_Enverga_NHCP_historical_marker.jpg/330px-Jose_Ma._Panganiban_y_Enverga_NHCP_historical_marker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jose_Ma._Panganiban_y_Enverga_NHCP_historical_marker.jpg/440px-Jose_Ma._Panganiban_y_Enverga_NHCP_historical_marker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2450" data-file-height="3696" /></a><figcaption>Historical marker installed in 2016 in Naga City, Camarines Sur</figcaption></figure> <p>Jose Ma. Panganiban was born on February 1, 1863, in Bangkal Phase II, <a href="/wiki/Jose_Panganiban,_Camarines_Norte" title="Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte">Mambulao</a> (a town which was subsequently renamed after him). He was the eldest of the three sons of Vicente Panganiban, originally from <a href="/wiki/Hagonoy,_Bulacan" title="Hagonoy, Bulacan">Hagonoy, Bulacan</a>, and Juana Enverga, a native of <a href="/wiki/Mauban,_Quezon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauban, Quezon">Mauban, Quezon</a>. </p><p>Panganiban developed his interest in reading at an early age from reading the cartilla, caton and catecismo taught by his mother. Once, his mother found him under a tree, sleeping beside a copy of Don Quixote, the book of Cervantes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since his mother died when he was a little boy, Panganiban grew up in the care of his father, the clerk of court in Daet, the capital town of the province. His father sent him to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Rosary_Seminary" title="Holy Rosary Seminary">Holy Rosary Seminary</a> (El Seminario del Santissimo Rosario) of Nueva Caceres (now <a href="/wiki/Naga_City,_Camarines_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Naga City, Camarines Sur">Naga City, Camarines Sur</a>) and became the protégé of the seminary rector Fr. Santoja. He earned the praises of his teachers because of his aptitude to easily absorb his lessons. At 12, he mastered Latin and Spanish and at 15, the Classics and Natural Sciences. </p><p>He was good at writing and was articulate in expressing his ideas. Because of this, the Spanish Governor-General who happened to be visiting the province and heard him speak during a school program commended him. In April 1878, he wrote A Nuestro Obispo in honor of Bishop Francisco Gainza who was on a visit to Mambulao. Unknown to many of his fellow Bicolanos was Panganiban’s superior academic credentials as a student at the seminary with grades of sobresaliente (excellent) in all subjects. </p><p>Father Santoja became instrumental for Panganiban’s studies in Manila. The priest recommended him to the <a href="/wiki/Colegio_de_San_Juan_de_Letran" title="Colegio de San Juan de Letran">Colegio de San Juan de Letran</a> where he obtained his degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1883. Wanting to become a medical practitioner, he took up medical courses at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a> and at the same time taking vocational courses in agriculture at Letran so that in 1885, he received the title of Agricultural Expert. While at the University in 1887, he wrote <i>Anatomia de Regines</i> which was recognized as one of his brilliant literary works. His papers on general pathology, therapeutics and surgical anatomy was also awarded prizes. </p><p>An anthology of his works was gathered by Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, rector of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a>, and sent to be exhibited at the 1887 Exposicion General de Filipinas in Madrid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities_for_the_Propaganda_Movement">Activities for the Propaganda Movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Panganiban&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Activities for the Propaganda Movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La-solidaridad2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/La-solidaridad2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>La Solidaridad</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 1888, Panganiban sailed for Spain and continued his medical studies at the University of Barcelona, Spain, where he met other Filipino propagandists agitating for reforms in the colony. He joined reformist groups such as the Asociacion Hispano-Filipina and <a href="/wiki/La_Solidaridad" title="La Solidaridad">La Solidaridad</a> because he believed in instituting reforms in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and used the pen names "Jomapa" and "J.M.P." </p><p>On April 25, 1889 Panganiban signed a petition addressed to the Spanish Minister of Colonies, requesting Filipino representation in the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes</a>. While in Spain, he learned other languages including <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, adding to the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> that he learned during his student days in the seminary of Nueva Caceres (<a href="/wiki/Naga_City,_Camarines_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Naga City, Camarines Sur">Naga City, Camarines Sur</a>). He was able to translate into Spanish the book of German author Carl Julius Weber entitled: Die Religio und Die Religionen (Religion and Other Religions). </p><p>Being one of the writers of the <i>La Solidaridad</i>, he called the attention of the Spaniards on the freedom of the press and criticized the educational system in the Philippines. His works were recognized by <a href="/wiki/Jose_Rizal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Rizal">Jose Rizal</a> who even said "He was a true orator, of easy and energetic words, vigorous in concepts and of practical and transcendental ideas". Among the articles he published were "El Pensamiento", "La Universidad de Manila: Su Plan de Estudio", and "Los Nuevos Ayuntamientos de Filipinas". He continued to write poems and short stories, including "Ang Lupang Tinubuan", "Noches en Mambulao", "Sa Aking buhay", "Bahia de Mambulao", "La Mejerde Oro", "Amor mio", "Clarita Perez" and "Kandeng". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Panganiban&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Panganiban contracted tuberculosis and apologized to Rizal that he could not help further in the movement. He confided in Rizal that, "If I only have the strength I had before, I will work with you unto the bitter end". It is a measure of Panganiban’s patriotism and his dedication to the cause that despite the rigors of poverty and the ravages of tuberculosis, he persisted till the end in the struggle of reforms. </p><p>On August 19, 1890, he died in his boarding house at No. 2 Rambla de Canaletas, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>. He was buried in grave No. 2043 of the Southwest Cemetery of Barcelona. His grave has the epitaph: <i>Here lies the avenger of the honor of the Filipinos</i>, written by <a href="/wiki/Graciano_Lopez_Jaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Graciano Lopez Jaena">Graciano Lopez Jaena</a>." </p><p>The Filipino propagandists in Europe mourned Panganiban’s death. <a href="/wiki/Jose_Rizal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Rizal">Jose Rizal</a> eulogized Panganiban as an "excellent companion of labor and difficulty... endowed with uncommon talent, with privileged intelligence, and with indefatigable industry, (he) was one of the sacred, legitimate hopes of his unfortunate country.... What should be grieved at is the thought that he died without finishing the noble mission which his exceptional faculties had destined for him."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dr. Domingo Abella, a historian, located the remains of his province mate in Spain and brought them back to the Philippines. His remains now lie inside the pedestal of the Jose Ma. Panganiban Monument, installed by the National Historical Institute at <a href="/wiki/Jose_Panganiban,_Camarines_Norte" title="Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte">Jose Panganiban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camarines_Norte" title="Camarines Norte">Camarines Norte</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Panganiban&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jose_Ma._Panganiban_y_Enverga_Monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jose_Ma._Panganiban_y_Enverga_Monument.jpg/150px-Jose_Ma._Panganiban_y_Enverga_Monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jose_Ma._Panganiban_y_Enverga_Monument.jpg/225px-Jose_Ma._Panganiban_y_Enverga_Monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jose_Ma._Panganiban_y_Enverga_Monument.jpg/300px-Jose_Ma._Panganiban_y_Enverga_Monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>JOMAPA monument in front of the municipal building</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The town of Mambulao, Camarines Norte, was renamed to <a href="/wiki/Jose_Panganiban,_Camarines_Norte" title="Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte">Jose Panganiban</a> in honor of its native son by Act No. 4155 issued on 1 December 1934.</li> <li>Panganiban Drive (formerly Calle de Legaspi), <a href="/wiki/Naga,_Camarines_Sur" title="Naga, Camarines Sur">Naga City</a>- one of Naga City's main avenue at the very heart of the city connecting Elias Angeles Street (formerly Calle Real), and Pan Philippine Highway</li> <li>President <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a> cited the country's appreciation of Panganiban's patriotic labors in his opening address at the Congress assembled at <a href="/wiki/Malolos_City,_Bulacan" class="mw-redirect" title="Malolos City, Bulacan">Malolos City, Bulacan</a> on September 15, 1898, he (Pres. Aguinaldo) invoked the spirits of the departed heroes of the Fatherland, saying:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Illustrious spirits of Rizal, Lopez Jaena, of Marcelo del Pilar! August shades of Burgos, Pelaez and <b>PANGANIBAN</b>! Warlike geniuses of Aguinaldo (Crispulo-O.), and Tirona, of Natividad and Evangelista! Arise a moment from your unknown graves!</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monuments">Monuments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Panganiban&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jose Maria Panganiban monument in front of Hagonoy Central School (gabaldon) Hagonoy, Bulacan, However, it was transferred elsewhere when the said school was demolished. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Panganiban_Monument" title="Jose Maria Panganiban Monument">Jose Maria Panganiban Monument</a> - at Naga Central School 1, <a href="/wiki/Naga_City,_Camarines_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Naga City, Camarines Sur">Naga City, Camarines Sur</a>.</li> <li>Jose Maria Panganiban Monument - a bronze statue (9 ft. tall) installed on February 1, 1985, by the National Historical Institute in his home town <a href="/wiki/Jose_Panganiban,_Camarines_Norte" title="Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte">Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte</a>, which contains the remains.</li> <li>Jose Maria Panganiban Monuments - at the lobby of Provincial Capitol and at the Provincial Capitol Grounds, <a href="/wiki/Daet,_Camarines_Norte" class="mw-redirect" title="Daet, Camarines Norte">Daet, Camarines Norte</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Panganiban&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov.ph/legisdocs/basic_18/HB04671.pdf">"House Bill 4671"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+Bill+4671&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov.ph%2Flegisdocs%2Fbasic_18%2FHB04671.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa+Panganiban" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zaide, Gregorio F. Jose Rizal: life, works and writings of a genius, writer, scientist and national hero. 2nd edition. Quezon City: All-Nations publishing Co., Inc.c2007pp177-178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osias, Camilo. Jose Rizal: His Life and Times.Manila: Oscol Educational Publishers, 1948.pp207</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">La Solidaridad, Madrid, Spain. September 30, 1890</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zaide, Gregorio. The Philippine Revolution.p252</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Panganiban&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>La Solidaridad, Madrid, Spain. September 30, 1890 Edition</li> <li>Osias, Camilo. Jose Rizal: His Life and Times. Manila: Oscol Educational Publishers, 1948</li> <li>Quirino, Carlos. <i>Who's Who in Philippine History</i>. Manila: Tahanan Books, 1995.</li> <li>Manuel, E. Arsenio. Dictionary of Philippine Biography Volume 1. QC. Filipinos, 1955.</li> <li>Zaide, Gregorio F. Great Filipinos in History. Manila: Verde Bookstore, 1970.</li> <li>Zaide, Gregorio F. The Philippine Revolution. Manila</li> <li>Zaide, Gregorio F. Jose Rizal: life, works and writings of a genius, writer, scientist and national hero. 2nd edition. Quezon City: All-Nations publishing Co., Inc. c2007</li> <li>Ponce, Mariano "Jose Maria Panganiban y Enverga." La Solidaridad, Sept 30 1890.</li> <li>Jose Panganiban Municipal Planning and Development Office Archives</li> <li>Jose Panganiban Municipal Annual Yearbook</li></ul> <p><i>As of <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Panganiban&oldid=525480584">this edit</a>, this article uses content from </i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Jose_Ma._Panganiban">"Jose Ma. Panganiban"</a><i>, which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License</a>, but not under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>. 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