CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135a8c47946cdd5',cH: 'OXi9hIZ.scTSN9wNk1cTMI1JJV.vdHMJcEX_XMMZm7g-1739794069-1.2.1.1-BeFDiEA0bYj2f6kEoQHBoQ_r4JRQIo.q4d5yU5ONdpgJ6NSsqz3v.vWLYhCMc_Jk',cUPMDTk: "\/10013660\/chicago?__cf_chl_tk=jQ5QBRqOw76UIPB_YT4mBplw4PPjfpEFrQ0ZfJ1N2nI-1739794069-1.0.1.1-40ys4.1DDCLfMxZj4_6G3Yki5_CMeJBL2k1niR_NRrk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739794069',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10013660\/chicago?__cf_chl_f_tk=jQ5QBRqOw76UIPB_YT4mBplw4PPjfpEFrQ0ZfJ1N2nI-1739794069-1.0.1.1-40ys4.1DDCLfMxZj4_6G3Yki5_CMeJBL2k1niR_NRrk",md: "1rChZQIRvPB8lNVP4aviNBYagWAXIzSOv_JF8ef4R0M-1739794069-1.2.1.1-eqLpdBhJYqwfG0yziv6bxwrZ.Eb0AKhmQtTcNM5iKwABMi0x15CIaLIerTvq9IL4TsmaZpFQcZQCnx4yFAGYbSikQ1vLEIbs020FqaiS6olH0G1w.SN20EGrPsQML9WLHABiZp0hVfIjLQab10t3PdBY0Xr7EdmgvCcwrLKXZ7pL5aQg69RhIhi8lKcOR.dpeanPAYOARpgZ9YuIWspxRa_lOaussHBaILjn5p2UuOOxN_OOpwE6uM19OGt_oFZOlMu5qhllfMC9eH7n2VWAu2NN2pyP8EQNeLyw_7HSgwDvI_cRAjLVy_F0wyHtw9YcMgJc6eia9EgucD3uYB_dbp9JQB_vX1EMAFHvm8gbfqDX2GhfSOva6Z_bribRfCmAeSDoY.8mxaTcvehJZvUnnjYHMk74S9F3Kubecmk7SGydL.7HiWLkXovW2.HXBKCTgUV8Amc5CIEGZQgxREBkrr35Akmi3zlWDBXN8.oZjEFWvhbkvbpnuK01e.AJYmCmSIBjanmc5r2FzT2yZhmvzLZt7azynPC9HWGy1A.88aRtW5FeYqNkgOHxAspdJEiaii4K3iAjQYM5oBv4RtC0P6qNzGgXCNDFDtVij4y0en3VFj7HnGXR9sMk6OfaEyZkC1lA5qfIzYWnzm54l2oNrmF1gpuN1dbv8Kk.jLUOQpiV4UI5Ngyt86ow_hbbphwvhRnc9lxzSkccgidoLsWBeBD7GK2oUdTKR7Q_6LkbNu41EAMqsNS7QBk7OZ.TcBZd72c9Ae_Zr_9nsbPbDgZjn8D52eMvHNpgThdFL4XcCZDJtsIRTlcCOfr886x_ylQS6thWeVHpnoVbggn9KOn9yjoKToPX7QEo814roMD2KRupohX0_MugnKWJnVF5LmRfTja4qvwW6duEIzncIUjD_Ft8kUQQHSZaT2PX4LoSNGs6UyOUqw5FKJqqAZFk0fiQOaS_NJKLWcS0suUZH8vyR8F_mf7lM3fD5Hz11Oxd2L0Vn7L89B1SEaPAUBGaeS8rRx9nPCiyBYYt71z_VGrI_PKHpHmhaNorMwy51T3wtal3cvSdrLqD6ZrKe4E1J6wN862GRsQDO.3oK2nOfVl4bhN6HcXSDNIkuWR_jqk.37Taa_AT2nunsenmqxPyrtPuzhG8or3AlkTEOMlh0XA0geYtEEzIjETxWW57QOO5iK6CwHjMhFIWVaeziqgNtev_ClkEPQ7zqjEKVxA6mJXbXpt6xmBfv_6YngGB9vRYXPxqxpppDsHCqNymsTrtmU4U9qI07e2_ykB_f1522LJsApMZ3SzeYiI1c7ryPvXpAly5XIucAeVE17hQ9DqNLneykPdjqQOXAPzLRV3fYouuSoCohKI1ATI9iuD2QjaP4kp5DOmy5jnakC0ZsUC3pYr7nowxjPEQFi50tORP8VozvIbU6x7pTZnuGXP057Rx2a.BOlhAsbVp2DCOCg_yqvmaopY.drKkCdfSigsU9huUqqnad1jsWZPh65eHkn6_AoaGsd4yUNm2GRw8Y5zU1vkYajX4msU9OesACtQu4lc6Y3dZV53WzWu8tvXsunC3HVgmOLAs_br3C7rp5YAiKc6qoYVkOnvV2uEbd8cCmambs9VRoRtCMjCF7L_TvJBuX8W.kgKemjXGaJb0B9Uh9E_92IOeupeC0cI86tLDdJcyj3QN59m3O04JNenQ6fADCCZrQVK3ZymSG6rB2OmmKRM.bgcu5d8.PZABkMSoOKQnvb14z9ZjWS5Y7SBdrVgzqgQIrbiLJVsFZWjOO_2KnydMQBEq13cC6LcvjttlYhyKEtcXwTkHISDmOjFuVsq0_JRj4D6Qq4e1kHcpZdN3oF9vzCg2_3FS6KtvvaWRQNab_yg1GPzm2AWmLR1HOLPnoz8",mdrd: "MPen7SMqjH3PAjJwNXNevU800dLhRNwxXQXmwN.rM5Y-1739794069-1.2.1.1-2hSF_SN2Muc_FX50b0tOjrolQX9Vo_R2mS2yuycBm2qRLJOwViVv9RnDVc.uajgsaUtGIHE7phmFD0vZlXSyRFFCSDqRL9bXR5QyXSCGBLbUYxvmF3rneYKDwvg33M7uCRqdG4Uwvl8siPldFn_hDHVtAZ4TMdJ7gbDaJd.K1zgf0uVx54v31es8ByitiGSQOftnSt4dhmtZAs2_7NNRdHY7MpPIQcwbg4PzcqA7Q5vtI13DcRT44e6si6yM3j5gZVJysYLvzzsEvT3LMkNO39DL9wOfNE3Qw7cZixkSQvvr1zn0dcz4vfqwFkOOC4U2Szrfzq32LMrbn1jKks25k2Qhs0mPH.rU3SOzhSFjd9acBAy9QsemS91fnmKpwqI.8p5C1EKe2dOvpATnV6dkJJTHSYwhFo8StK3XVIZOPGOn5cGrGAmoaZftfFy4UpjMRopEGHMt5bIKxf4xMjl4UIoPjW3lVbiCQNSPFEKp.kJM8KpZLfnO5FBym2GeJQ_MtU4750UQKFUVogush0t_FPppG1evZMCPhdqNIyTyZtsK4P_faiLqYVqrCY2zr9FO1uWqXEvavznvAWopWgY_bO4yyp.VTNGM9I13LPXOG2xHFuogO_aIC83k_kBkGNQy2x6QBpVUT1IzPnI5eVmrw9nScZRK3JVdOK6zO9nPzHaaVQOb8BntRSojTPfKlWgO3Aw6R40.R4cR3mfOna1cYiV0lcvrqRBYikfV0ua4NU7Xxc3aX3ViD7RSPE8tyyOVH5uLO427sGHhIUmBPezYVVLw_yuUQSYNfdU.ovgSK8UcX3aL0nnFofZW1pZlXQNAsriszQXo0TzUR5o4hJcNB7DO6iqa3LaE9fZgb.DmG3pPrE63mTrSZJ1czE64K9SiJjX96YICgxLfIVyyGjNrvAxEXHpVwXZGVxVWgycplTpKAz_xR0fclnQwIOyr7uCysya2zN1LKR6EJBXFaXo4LpCMr42DkgsNSPg.w0JOg0pGDKVTSjZRopihi9j2KxqB_ueb0u5ve3b.rk0cOKVQ.4yRZR.TvLCoSIKPOj70QehclnC8MPY554jfMaYNSfFvdCLnd.Xx2ft8nqXIrhhK4QOehRjLklUlSKTatfR7wBvKevIpPNFpWgynv6mFyajYWt0OMAEq2gt1j43IKaN6JMIrJh9bILaKwjnXK_GlLqaKXcByGjJpsRk7.gmaWVKbnF_4eC7ZJilw0xucKK.4z6P9KnqKWPnG1QO9ZtEEXCWe9CwGRSuKeGIkIJYVhEFKAWeTikemH887ZVhjNIHMh0bamdRdymXtAU8fcXJ9IboPVdu4Hg9aq8YW1ScRJ_eVgB2MsbApy7fqAIDxWkbmVmMp8iLZ0DmXvP5q8L9vJJIl8J8WrxNLBSQaaPIvYA3oG7dtUFTCCTdJyf_.chefis6UN2l5MdA2I2lAdKdu88q7J6J2senPt9mP88TC7Cq_D_haEQMKnqsXsfb9irYerZ6yMwsDm4T2UJ646CidADau81PbP45CZT73yCspsGD93brdY_xOki5tD.itjIUargu4zBO8YhXwsa2fJUK0VlvysBcEOynOHWqN3x4lMSB7vr0B4iQyxY_Q0qk1dOoE2IOeCK0T7RZPYxYeVJeM.TJWuDKkFap._H50KSxGjzBMdf412AIwC2yYCDwN.8TLlCUg.HXE9SGVda.043eNCrEAeRWlDldVOe1yUg_bxQNjOrlVhy5mY2sOgUU2oJN7KsANY6FFZfDR3zQpR6FHS2Z2q7kHm2tOmFps_Z0juH_y3CjyzTlYq4FbiTko1SKqX.QgDdLh848Wu1KGeFyCVyx8I4iEczjGMn20JAydzfLsEue3RPkg7Z.JRdq68XcN8QzfwW6SYBIcfydaSu9UR7QYLOV3QW4LC1IkWZ_cO5AvsDrQWp46bp_qpSTXBc0VPXSEsEIXSKGR6h8AYtLtvMHX0LZEf8nqzoD1Nt_pNAcmTr_yM8fCJu..MmuJxkhSRg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135a8c47946cdd5';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10013660\/chicago?__cf_chl_rt_tk=jQ5QBRqOw76UIPB_YT4mBplw4PPjfpEFrQ0ZfJ1N2nI-1739794069-1.0.1.1-40ys4.1DDCLfMxZj4_6G3Yki5_CMeJBL2k1niR_NRrk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>