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<span>Yeshiva learning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Yeshiva_learning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Yeshiva learning subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Yeshiva_learning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Class_levels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Class_levels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Class levels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Class_levels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_structures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_structures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Related structures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_study_sessions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_study_sessions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Public study sessions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_study_sessions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" 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French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shiur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiur_(Taurat)" title="Shiur (Taurat) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shiur (Taurat)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiur" title="Shiur – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shiur" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1" title="شيور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Torah lecture</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99.jpg/220px-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99.jpg/330px-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99.jpg/440px-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><i>Shiur klali</i>, <a href="/wiki/Slabodka_yeshiva_(Bnei_Brak)" title="Slabodka yeshiva (Bnei Brak)">Slabodka Yeshiva</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%AA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%AA.jpg/220px-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%AA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%AA.jpg/330px-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%AA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%AA.jpg/440px-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%AA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption><i>Gemara Shiur</i>, <a href="/wiki/Tomchei_Temimim" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomchei Temimim">Toras Emes</a> Yeshiva</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RoyLindmanRabbinicalSchoolJerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/RoyLindmanRabbinicalSchoolJerusalem.jpg/220px-RoyLindmanRabbinicalSchoolJerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/RoyLindmanRabbinicalSchoolJerusalem.jpg/330px-RoyLindmanRabbinicalSchoolJerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/RoyLindmanRabbinicalSchoolJerusalem.jpg/440px-RoyLindmanRabbinicalSchoolJerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3641" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Semikha" class="mw-redirect" title="Semikha">Rabbinical <i>Shiur</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bar-Ilan_University._Machon_synagogue_(17287813145).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bar-Ilan_University._Machon_synagogue_%2817287813145%29.jpg/220px-Bar-Ilan_University._Machon_synagogue_%2817287813145%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bar-Ilan_University._Machon_synagogue_%2817287813145%29.jpg/330px-Bar-Ilan_University._Machon_synagogue_%2817287813145%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bar-Ilan_University._Machon_synagogue_%2817287813145%29.jpg/440px-Bar-Ilan_University._Machon_synagogue_%2817287813145%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2035" data-file-height="1487" /></a><figcaption>Public <i>Shiur</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ovadia_Yosef" title="Ovadia Yosef">Ovadia Yosef</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bar-Ilan_University" title="Bar-Ilan University">Bar-Ilan University</a>, Machon synagogue</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yeshivat_Har_EtzionRML4RALRP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Yeshivat_Har_EtzionRML4RALRP.jpg/220px-Yeshivat_Har_EtzionRML4RALRP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Yeshivat_Har_EtzionRML4RALRP.jpg/330px-Yeshivat_Har_EtzionRML4RALRP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Yeshivat_Har_EtzionRML4RALRP.jpg/440px-Yeshivat_Har_EtzionRML4RALRP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>Memorial <i>Shiur</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Yarzheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarzheit">Yarzheit</a> of Rav <a href="/wiki/Aharon_Lichtenstein" title="Aharon Lichtenstein">Aharon Lichtenstein</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yeshivat_Har_Etzion" title="Yeshivat Har Etzion">Yeshivat Har Etzion</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oria_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Oria_detail.jpg/250px-Oria_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Oria_detail.jpg/375px-Oria_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Oria_detail.jpg/500px-Oria_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2180" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption> <i>Yom iyun</i>, <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" class="extiw" title="he:מדרשת אוריה">Midreshet Oryah</a> (click to enlarge)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ulpana_sicha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ulpana_sicha.jpg/220px-Ulpana_sicha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ulpana_sicha.jpg/330px-Ulpana_sicha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Ulpana_sicha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption> <i>Sicha</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ulpana" title="Ulpana">Ulpana</a></i> students</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Breslevcity.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Breslevcity.JPG/220px-Breslevcity.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Breslevcity.JPG/330px-Breslevcity.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Breslevcity.JPG/440px-Breslevcity.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><i>Drosha</i> – rabbi <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Shlomo_Schick" title="Eliezer Shlomo Schick">Eliezer Shlomo Schick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yavne%27el" title="Yavne'el">Yavne'el</a> Synagogue</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Shiur</b></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">שיעור</span>‎ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="he-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[ʃiˈʔuʁ]</a></span>, lit. <i>amount</i>; <abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr>: <i><b>shiurim</b></i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">שיעורים</span>‎ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="he-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[ʃiʔuˈʁim]</a></span>) is a lecture on any <a href="/wiki/Torah_study" title="Torah study">Torah</a> topic – such as <a href="/wiki/Gemara" title="Gemara">Gemara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a> (Jewish law), <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> (Bible) – usually in a <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshiva</a>, although commonly in other settings. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiur&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hebrew term שיעור ("[designated] amount") is used originally in the Talmud <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to refer to an allotted time or slot; it is applied in the above sense of "lecture", in that the instructor allots time for teaching, while the students, correspondingly, allot time for attending. </p><p>The term later came to refer also to a "portion of text" arranged for study on a particular occasion – such as a <a href="/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism#Annual_remembrances" title="Bereavement in Judaism">yartzeit</a>, the dedication of a new home, or the evening of a holiday – and then to a public reading and explanation of the same. The act of teaching and studying these texts at the designated time was known in <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> as <i>schiur lernen</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These shiurim would be attended by all classes of people;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was traditional for learned attendees to engage the lecturer in continuous discussion, and for the larger lay audience to listen intently.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Concurrently, in the <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshiva</a>-setting it came to refer to the daily study quotient for students,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then to the lecture given thereon. <a href="/wiki/Akiva_Eiger" title="Akiva Eiger">Akiva Eger</a>, for example,</p><blockquote><p>would not miss learning a single <i>shiur</i> with the yeshiva. His <i>shiurim</i> with them were always three per day: there was a session of Talmud and <a href="/wiki/Tosafot" title="Tosafot">Tosafot</a>, a session of exhaustive <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a>, and a session of <a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magen_Avraham" class="mw-redirect" title="Magen Avraham">Magen Avraham</a>, and these were aside from the session of <a href="/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Tur</a> and Shulchan Aruch <a href="/wiki/Yoreh_De%27ah" title="Yoreh De'ah">Yoreh De'ah</a> he would learn with his children and some students, and with these he would learn a further <i>shiur</i> of exhaustive Talmud and Tosafot at night.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yeshiva_learning">Yeshiva learning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiur&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Yeshiva learning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva#Talmud_study" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva § Talmud study</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva#Jewish_law" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva § Jewish law</a></div> <p>"<i>Shiur</i>" will typically refer to the type of learning that takes place in <a href="/wiki/Yeshivot" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivot">yeshivot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">kollelim</a>, where students hear an in-depth lecture on the <a href="/wiki/Sugya" title="Sugya">sugya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gemara" title="Gemara">Gemara</a> topic) they are studying at the time. </p><p>Typically, yeshiva students attend a daily <i>shiur yomi</i> (daily lecture) given by a <a href="/wiki/Maggid_shiur" title="Maggid shiur">maggid shiur</a> (literally, "sayer of the shiur") and a weekly <i>shiur klali</i> (comprehensive lecture, which sums up the week's learning) given by the <a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">rosh yeshiva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rosh yeshiva usually also gives the senior shiur—see below—on a daily basis. </p><p>Before the shiur, a bibliography and a series of textual references, or <i><a href="/wiki/Marei_mekomot" class="mw-redirect" title="Marei mekomot">mar'e mekomot</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-MaareiMekomot_1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaareiMekomot_1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MaareiMekomot_2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaareiMekomot_2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are posted so that students may prepare for the lecture in advance. Students typically spend several hours preparing for the <i>shiur yomi</i>. After the shiur, students spend additional time reviewing and clarifying the lesson that they have just heard. These preparation and review periods take place in a special time period called a <i>seder</i>, in which students study the lesson individually and/or in <i><a href="/wiki/Chavruta" class="mw-redirect" title="Chavruta">chavrutot</a></i> (study pairs). </p><p>Shiurim may also be offered in yeshiva on topics in <a href="/wiki/Mussar_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mussar movement">mussar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chumash_(Judaism)" title="Chumash (Judaism)">Chumash</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Hashkafah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashkafah">hashkafah</a></i> (Jewish philosophy), depending on the yeshiva and the learning level of its students.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shiur is likewise the typical format for classes at women's <a href="/wiki/Midrasha" title="Midrasha">seminaries and <i>midrashot</i></a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Class_levels">Class levels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiur&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Class levels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For Talmud-study, the level of complexity and understanding expected from students increases each year, successively incorporating additional <a href="/wiki/Talmud#Commentaries" title="Talmud">layers of commentary</a> and perspectives, and with <a href="/wiki/Gemara#Argumentation_and_debate" title="Gemara">the analysis</a> compounding correspondingly; see <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva#Talmud_study" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva § Talmud study</a>. </p><p>Thus, following on from the practice of the <a href="/wiki/Telshe_Yeshiva" title="Telshe Yeshiva">Telz Yeshiva</a>, studies are typically organized by level. The term "<i>shiur</i>" is then used to differentiate different classes, so that first-year students are typically said to be in "Shiur <i><a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">Aleph</a></i>"; second-year students in "Shiur <a href="/wiki/Bet_(letter)" title="Bet (letter)"><i>Bet</i></a>"; and third-year students in "Shiur <a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel"><i>Gimmel</i></a>", etc. Strong students may be "promoted", but it is less common for a student to be held back. </p><p>Commonly the fourth <i>Shiur</i> is that of the <i><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Yeshiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosh Yeshiva">Rosh Yeshiva</a></i>, head of the institution. Here students consolidate the approach to study, or "<i>derech ha-limud</i>", emphasized by their yeshiva. See <a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva#Role" title="Rosh yeshiva">Rosh yeshiva § Role</a>. </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">kollelim</a></i> ("post-graduate" institutions), the <i>shiurim</i> address a yet more advanced level of study, with students learning independently, although under guidance of the <i><a href="/wiki/Rosh_kollel" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosh kollel">rosh kollel</a></i>; Rabbinic ordination, <i><a href="/wiki/Semicha" class="mw-redirect" title="Semicha">Semicha</a></i>, programs <a href="/wiki/Rabbi#Orthodox_and_Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Rabbi">similarly require</a> that students have attained a high level in Talmud, this being the base for their advanced study of <i>Halacha</i>. Typically, then, before joining a <i>kollel</i> or pursuing ordination, students are required to have learned in the "Rosh Yeshiva's Shiur" for at least two years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_structures">Related structures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiur&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Related structures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Yeshivot" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivot">yeshivot</a>—such as <a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Ner_Yisroel" title="Yeshivas Ner Yisroel">Ner Yisroel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Etz_Chaim_Yeshiva_(London)" title="Etz Chaim Yeshiva (London)">Kollel Etz Chaim</a>—organize learning (at senior levels) in "<a href="/wiki/Chavurah#cite_note-1" title="Chavurah"><i>chaburahs</i></a>". Here, the members of the <i>chaburah</i> all focus on the same specific area or work of Torah study, (informally) led by the rosh-chaburah. </p><p>A more senior study group in a Yeshiva is sometimes referred to as a "<i>Kibbutz</i>", especially in older usage, preceding the use of that term for an <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">agricultural community</a>. The members of the <i>Kibbutz</i> proceed independent of a <i>shiur</i>. See for example <a href="/wiki/Sunderland_Talmudical_College#The_Kibbutz" title="Sunderland Talmudical College">Sunderland Talmudical College § The Kibbutz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_Ohel_Torah-Baranovich#Style_of_learning" title="Yeshiva Ohel Torah-Baranovich">Yeshiva Ohel Torah-Baranovich § Style of learning</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_study_sessions">Public study sessions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiur&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Public study sessions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a> rabbis and noted rabbis also give <i>shiurim</i> to their communities. In <i><a href="/wiki/Shul" class="mw-redirect" title="Shul">shuls</a></i>, the shiur given between the <i><a href="/wiki/Mincha" title="Mincha">Mincha</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Maariv" title="Maariv">Maariv</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">services</a> is usually geared to <i>baalebatim</i> (laymen). Noted rabbis give more in-depth <i>shiurim</i> to attendees on <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> or weekday evenings, usually in the local synagogue or <a href="/wiki/Beth_midrash" title="Beth midrash">beth midrash</a> (study hall).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>(Public) <i>shiurim</i> range in length and depth: from a short "<i>vort</i>", or "<i><a href="/wiki/Dvar_Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvar Torah">Dvar Torah</a></i>" ("word (of Torah)", in Yiddish and Hebrew respectively), to a detailed "<i>drasha</i>" ("study", from the Aramaic; see <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">midrash</a>); the former above, <i>baalebatim</i> focused, is a <i>vort</i>, while the latter is a <i>drosha</i>. Especially in <a href="/wiki/Chasidic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasidic">Chasidic</a> settings, a less formal—often inspirational—shiur may be termed "<i>sicha</i>" (שיחה, lit. "speech"); see also <a href="/wiki/Maamor" title="Maamor">Maamor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maamarim_(Chabad)" title="Maamarim (Chabad)">Maamarim (Chabad)</a>. </p><p>Commonly, the <i>Rosh Yeshiva</i> delivers a weekly <i>shiur</i> on the <i>parashah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Weekly_Torah_portion" title="Weekly Torah portion">weekly Torah portion</a>), exploring a particular question or theme. This is usually in-depth, of an hour in duration, and typically open to the public. </p><p>Many yeshivot, <a href="/wiki/Midrasha" title="Midrasha">midrashot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kollel#Community_kollelim" title="Kollel">"community <i>kollels</i>"</a> host <i>yemei iyun</i> ("days of in-depth learning"; <abbr title="singular form">sg.</abbr>: <i>yom iyun</i>), where community members study a specific topic. These are often held before <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">religious holidays</a>—especially <a href="/wiki/Pesach" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesach">Pesach</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Days_of_Repentance" title="Ten Days of Repentance">New Year period</a>—preparing the spiritual and <i>halakhik</i> elements of the upcoming festival. </p><p>A "Memorial Shiur" is often given to the entire yeshiva / community on the <i><a href="/wiki/Yahrzeit" title="Yahrzeit">Yahrzeit</a></i> of a (founding) <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Yeshiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosh Yeshiva">Rosh Yeshiva</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a>; usually exploring a specific topic of general interest. </p><p>"Shiur" may include any kind of Torah lesson—including lectures to children, women, and <i>baalebatim</i> (lay audience), and taped lectures circulated via cassette tape, computer, <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> or <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 14">MP4</a> file, or call-in telephone lines. Some <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism_outreach" title="Orthodox Judaism outreach">kiruv</a> organizations advertise "five-minute shiurim" to attract new listeners.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similarly, "Vort" and "Dvar Torah", may refer to any short Torah idea, (often linked to that week's parsha<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) delivered on various occasions,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and not necessarily by a Rabbi; for example: by the host at their <a href="/wiki/Shabbat_meals" title="Shabbat meals">Shabbat table</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birkat_Hamazon#Dvar_Torah" title="Birkat Hamazon">by the leader</a> before "<i>Benching</i>" (grace after meals), or by a guest at <i><a href="/wiki/Sheva_brachot" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheva brachot">sheva brachot</a></i>, or any <i><a href="/wiki/Seudat_mitzvah" title="Seudat mitzvah">Seudat mitzvah</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiur&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See e.g. <a href="/wiki/Shabbat_(Talmud)" title="Shabbat (Talmud)"><i>Shabbat</i></a> 35:A</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWise1901" class="citation book cs1">Wise, Isaac Mayer (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8pMLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA360"><i>Reminiscences</i></a>. L. Wise.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reminiscences&rft.pub=L.+Wise&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Isaac+Mayer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8pMLAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLilienthalPhilipson1915" class="citation book cs1">Lilienthal, Max E.; Philipson, David (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SuQLAAAAIAAJ"><i>Max Lilienthal, American Rabbi: Life and Writings</i></a>. Bloch publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Max+Lilienthal%2C+American+Rabbi%3A+Life+and+Writings&rft.pub=Bloch+publishing+Company&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Lilienthal&rft.aufirst=Max+E.&rft.au=Philipson%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSuQLAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacob1847" class="citation book cs1">Jacob, Star of (1847). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rTAEAAAAQAAJ"><i>HBQOY BKVK. The Star of Jacob, ed. by M. Margoliouth</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HBQOY+BKVK.+The+Star+of+Jacob%2C+ed.+by+M.+Margoliouth&rft.date=1847&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=Star+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrTAEAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-M45AQAAMAAJ"><i>Hebrew Union College Monthly</i></a>. 1921.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hebrew+Union+College+Monthly&rft.date=1921&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-M45AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurländer1846" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Curländer, David Joseph (1846). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zPY9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA18"><i>Skizze meines Lebens: mit reiner Wahrheit in humoristischen Style geschrieben und mit Knittelversen versehen ...</i></a> (in German). D. Curländer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Skizze+meines+Lebens%3A+mit+reiner+Wahrheit+in+humoristischen+Style+geschrieben+und+mit+Knittelversen+versehen+...&rft.pub=D.+Curl%C3%A4nder&rft.date=1846&rft.aulast=Curl%C3%A4nder&rft.aufirst=David+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzPY9AAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vi8WAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Scattered Nation: Occasional Record of the Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel</i></a>. Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel. 1898.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scattered+Nation%3A+Occasional+Record+of+the+Hebrew+Christian+Testimony+to+Israel&rft.pub=Hebrew+Christian+Testimony+to+Israel&rft.date=1898&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvi8WAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleichrode1875" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bleichrode, Abraham Moses (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Rc-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA10"><i>תולדות רבינו עקיבא איגר: זה ספר תולדות חיי ...</i></a> (in Hebrew). בדפוס נ. שריפטגיססער.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95+%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%91%D7%90+%D7%90%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8%3A+%D7%96%D7%94+%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8+%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99+...&rft.pub=%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1+%D7%A0.+%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Bleichrode&rft.aufirst=Abraham+Moses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1Rc-AAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haretzion.org/prospective-students/38-frequently-asked-questions">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. Yeshivat Har Etzion. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=Yeshivat+Har+Etzion&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haretzion.org%2Fprospective-students%2F38-frequently-asked-questions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaareiMekomot_1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MaareiMekomot_1_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vhalacha.com/wp-content/uploads/MaareiMekomot/maseshabbos.pdf">Example <i>marei mekomot</i> - Halacha</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaareiMekomot_2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MaareiMekomot_2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dafyomireview2.com/ravkaplan/cdd/talmud/5772-Gittin/001-2012_04_24-RavKaplan-gittin-daf2a.gif">Example <i>marei mekomot</i> - Gemara</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130218061819/http://www.derechhatalmud.org/show.asp?PID=7">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. Derech HaTalmud. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derechhatalmud.org/show.asp?PID=7">the original</a> on 18 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=Derech+HaTalmud&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.derechhatalmud.org%2Fshow.asp%3FPID%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallach2004" class="citation book cs1">Wallach, Shalom Meir (January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vXgNPaLIs5oC&q=what+is+a+shiur&pg=PA623"><i>The Seraph of Brisk: Rabbi Yehoshua Leib Diskin</i></a>. Tevunah Publishers. p. 623. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58330-708-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-58330-708-7"><bdi>1-58330-708-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Seraph+of+Brisk%3A+Rabbi+Yehoshua+Leib+Diskin&rft.pages=623&rft.pub=Tevunah+Publishers&rft.date=2004-01&rft.isbn=1-58330-708-7&rft.aulast=Wallach&rft.aufirst=Shalom+Meir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvXgNPaLIs5oC%26q%3Dwhat%2Bis%2Ba%2Bshiur%26pg%3DPA623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEleff2008" class="citation book cs1">Eleff, Zev (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sa06PAem-SgC&q=what+is+a+shiur&pg=PA293"><i>Mentor of Generations: Reflections on Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik</i></a>. Ktav Publishing House. pp. 293–294. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60280-011-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60280-011-3"><bdi>978-1-60280-011-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mentor+of+Generations%3A+Reflections+on+Rabbi+Joseph+B.+Soloveitchik&rft.pages=293-294&rft.pub=Ktav+Publishing+House&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-60280-011-3&rft.aulast=Eleff&rft.aufirst=Zev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsa06PAem-SgC%26q%3Dwhat%2Bis%2Ba%2Bshiur%26pg%3DPA293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cckollel.org/five_minute_halacha_shiur.shtml">"The Chicago Community Kollel Five-Minute Hilchos Tefillah Shiur"</a>. Chicago Community Kollel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chicago+Community+Kollel+Five-Minute+Hilchos+Tefillah+Shiur&rft.pub=Chicago+Community+Kollel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cckollel.org%2Ffive_minute_halacha_shiur.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aish.com/torah-portion/beginner/1-minute-vort-on-parsha/">1 minute vort on the parsha</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vortfinder.com/">vortfinder.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shortvort.com/">shortvort.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2818918/jewish/Vedibarta-Bam.htm"><i>Vedibarta Bam</i> - topic areas</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiur&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/mattschneeweiss/howtoreviewshiur">"How to Review Shiur: A Practical Guide"</a></li> <li><a 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<li><a href="/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Bar and bat mitzvah">Bar and bat mitzvah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">Kollel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Daily life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_washing_in_Judaism" title="Ritual washing in Judaism">Ritual washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_prayers_and_blessings" title="List of Jewish prayers and blessings">Prayers and blessings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Prayer services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkat_Hamazon" title="Birkat Hamazon">Grace after meals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorifics_in_Judaism" title="Honorifics in Judaism">Honorifics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriageable_age_in_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriageable age in Judaism">Marriageable age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Judaism" title="Women in Judaism">Role of women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzniut" title="Tzniut">Tzniut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichus" title="Yichus">Yichus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shidduch" title="Shidduch">Matchmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erusin" title="Erusin">Engagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Jewish wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketubah" title="Ketubah">Ketubah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuppah" title="Chuppah">Chuppah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheva_Brachot" title="Sheva Brachot">Sheva Brachot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikvah">Mikvah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_(divorce_document)" title="Get (divorce document)">Divorce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Religious practice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/613_commandments" title="613 commandments">613 commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhag" title="Minhag">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusach_(Jewish_custom)" title="Nusach (Jewish custom)">Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_study" title="Torah study">Torah study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Torah_portion" title="Weekly Torah portion">Weekly Torah reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daf_Yomi" title="Daf Yomi">Daf Yomi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shiur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siyum" title="Siyum">Siyum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavrusa" title="Chavrusa">Chavrusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavurah" title="Chavurah">Chavurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidush" class="mw-redirect" title="Chidush">Chidush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sifrei_Kodesh" title="Sifrei Kodesh">Sifrei Kodesh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemara" title="Gemara">Gemara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">Siddur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machzor" title="Machzor">Machzor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">Tzitzit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">Tallit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefillin" title="Tefillin">Tefillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezuzah" title="Mezuzah">Mezuzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">Kippah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_menorah" title="Hanukkah menorah">Menorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">Shofar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_species" title="Four species">Four species</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism" title="Bereavement in Judaism">Death</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chevra_kadisha" title="Chevra kadisha">Chevra Kadisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_(Judaism)" title="Shiva (Judaism)">Shiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddish" title="Kaddish">Kaddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Tehillim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahrzeit" title="Yahrzeit">Yahrzeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahrzeit_candle" title="Yahrzeit candle">Yahrzeit candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizkor" title="Yizkor">Yizkor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorifics_for_the_dead_in_Judaism" title="Honorifics for the dead in Judaism">Honorifics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px_Orthodox_Judaism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orthodox_Judaism" title="Template:Orthodox Judaism"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orthodox_Judaism" title="Template talk:Orthodox Judaism"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orthodox_Judaism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orthodox Judaism"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="15px_Orthodox_Judaism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/15px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/23px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Orthodox Judaism</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orthodox_Jews" title="Category:Orthodox Jews">Orthodox Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orthodox_rabbis" title="Category:Orthodox rabbis">Rabbis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hasidic_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hasidic dynasties">Hasidic dynasties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah_study" title="Torah study">Torah study</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shiur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavrusa" title="Chavrusa">Chavrusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavurah" title="Chavurah">Chavurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesivta" title="Mesivta">Mesivta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bais_Yaakov" title="Bais Yaakov">Bais Yaakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">Kollel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_Umesorah_%E2%80%93_National_Society_for_Hebrew_Day_Schools" title="Torah Umesorah – National Society for Hebrew Day Schools">Torah Umesorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinuch_Atzmai" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinuch Atzmai">Chinuch Atzmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism_outreach" title="Orthodox Judaism outreach">Orthodox Jewish outreach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shas" title="Shas">Shas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism" title="United Torah Judaism">United Torah Judaism (UTJ)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudat_Yisrael" title="Agudat Yisrael">Agudat Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degel_HaTorah" title="Degel HaTorah">Degel HaTorah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Israel)" title="National Union (Israel)">National Union (NU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Home" title="The Jewish Home">The Jewish Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_(political_party)" title="Noam (political party)">Noam (political party)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Faction" title="Jerusalem Faction">Jerusalem Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikrikim" title="Sikrikim">Sikrikim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Rabbinates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbinate_of_Israel" title="Chief Rabbinate of Israel">Rabbanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edah_HaChareidis" title="Edah HaChareidis">Edah HaChareidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Rabbinical_Congress" title="Central Rabbinical Congress">Central Rabbinical Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iggud_HaRabbonim" class="mw-redirect" title="Iggud HaRabbonim">Iggud HaRabbonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moetzes_Gedolei_HaTorah" title="Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah">Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moetzet_Chachmei_HaTorah" title="Moetzet Chachmei HaTorah">Moetzet Chachmei HaTorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_Council_of_America" title="Rabbinical Council of America">Rabbinical Council of America (RCA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Orthodox_Rabbis" title="Union of Orthodox Rabbis">Agudas HaRabbonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Synagogue" title="United Synagogue">United Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Orthodox_Hebrew_Congregations" title="Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations">Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations (UOHC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Rabbinic_Fellowship" title="International Rabbinic Fellowship">International Rabbinic Fellowship (IRF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudath_Israel_of_America" title="Agudath Israel of America">Agudath Israel of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirshu" title="Dirshu">Dirshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrachi_(religious_Zionism)" title="Mizrachi (religious Zionism)">Mizrachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Union" title="Orthodox Union">Orthodox Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" title="World Agudath Israel">World Agudath Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Young_Israel" title="National Council of Young Israel">Young Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah_Berurah" title="Mishnah Berurah">Mishnah Berurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_responsa_in_Judaism" title="History of responsa in Judaism">Responsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Philosophies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah_Judaism" title="Torah Judaism">Torah Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_philosophy" title="Hasidic philosophy">Hasidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_im_Derech_Eretz" title="Torah im Derech Eretz">Torah im Derech Eretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_Umadda" title="Torah Umadda">Torah Umadda</a></li> <li><a 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