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Disponible en 56 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%81%D8%A9" title="فيزياء المواد المكثفة – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيزياء المواد المكثفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_la_materia_entestada" title="Física de la materia entestada – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Física de la materia entestada" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Фізіка кандэнсаванага стану – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фізіка кандэнсаванага стану" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физика на кондензираната материя – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Физика на кондензираната материя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ঘনপদার্থবিজ্ঞান – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘনপদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika_kondenzovane_materije" title="Fizika kondenzovane materije – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fizika kondenzovane materije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_la_mat%C3%A8ria_condensada" title="Física de la matèria condensada – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Física de la matèria condensada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%86%DA%95" title="فیزیکی ماددەی چڕ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیزیکی ماددەی چڕ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika_kondenzovan%C3%A9ho_stavu" title="Fyzika kondenzovaného stavu – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fyzika kondenzovaného stavu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%C4%95_%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Конденсациленнĕ тăрăмсен физики – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Конденсациленнĕ тăрăмсен физики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffiseg_mater_cyddwysedig" title="Ffiseg mater cyddwysedig – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffiseg mater cyddwysedig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondenserede_stoffers_fysik" title="Kondenserede stoffers fysik – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kondenserede stoffers fysik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensierte_Materie" title="Kondensierte Materie – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kondensierte Materie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Φυσική συμπυκνωμένης ύλης – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φυσική συμπυκνωμένης ύλης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics" title="Condensed matter physics – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Condensed matter physics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_la_materia_condensada" title="Física de la materia condensada – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Física de la materia condensada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihkaine_f%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Tihkaine füüsika – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tihkaine füüsika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia_kondentsatuaren_fisika" title="Materia kondentsatuaren fisika – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Materia kondentsatuaren fisika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%DA%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="فیزیک ماده چگال – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیزیک ماده چگال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiiviin_aineen_fysiikka" title="Tiiviin aineen fysiikka – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tiiviin aineen fysiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisic_%C3%A1bhair_chomhdhl%C3%BAite" title="Fisic ábhair chomhdhlúite – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fisic ábhair chomhdhlúite" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_da_materia_condensada" title="Física da materia condensada – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Física da materia condensada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94" title="פיזיקה של חומר מעובה – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיזיקה של חומר מעובה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="संघनित द्रव्य भौतिकी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संघनित द्रव्य भौतिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondenzirana_tvar" title="Kondenzirana tvar – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kondenzirana tvar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE_%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB_%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Խտացված նյութի ֆիզիկա – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խտացված նյութի ֆիզիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika_benda_terkondensasi" title="Fisika benda terkondensasi – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fisika benda terkondensasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziko_di_kondensita_materio" title="Fiziko di kondensita materio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fiziko di kondensita materio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%A9tte%C3%B0lisfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Þétteðlisfræði – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þétteðlisfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica_della_materia_condensata" title="Fisica della materia condensata – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fisica della materia condensata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E6%80%A7%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物性物理学 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="物性物理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="კონდენსირებული გარემოს ფიზიკა – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კონდენსირებული გარემოს ფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%91%EC%A7%91%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="응집물질물리학 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="응집물질물리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Физика на кондензираната материја – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Физика на кондензираната материја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gecondenseerde_materie" title="Gecondenseerde materie – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gecondenseerde materie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensert_fase-fysikk" title="Kondensert fase-fysikk – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kondensert fase-fysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondenserte_fasers_fysikk" title="Kondenserte fasers fysikk – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kondenserte fasers fysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica_de_la_mat%C3%A8ria_condensada" title="Fisica de la matèria condensada – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fisica de la matèria condensada" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka_materii_skondensowanej" title="Fizyka materii skondensowanej – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fizyka materii skondensowanej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_da_mat%C3%A9ria_condensada" title="Física da matéria condensada – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Física da matéria condensada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizica_materiei_condensate" title="Fizica materiei condensate – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fizica materiei condensate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физика конденсированного состояния – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Физика конденсированного состояния" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%86%DA%8A%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%DA%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%AA%D8%B3" title="ڪنڊينسڊ مادي جي فزڪس – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪنڊينسڊ مادي جي فزڪس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics" title="Condensed matter physics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Condensed matter physics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika_kondenzovan%C3%A9ho_stavu" title="Fyzika kondenzovaného stavu – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fyzika kondenzovaného stavu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika_e_materies_s%C3%AB_kondensuar" title="Fizika e materies së kondensuar – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fizika e materies së kondensuar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika_kondenzovane_materije" title="Fizika kondenzovane materije – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Fizika kondenzovane materije" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondenserade_materiens_fysik" title="Kondenserade materiens fysik – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kondenserade materiens fysik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika_ng_kondensadong_materya" title="Pisika ng kondensadong materya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pisika ng kondensadong materya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo%C4%9Fun_madde_fizi%C4%9Fi" title="Yoğun madde fiziği – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yoğun madde fiziği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89" title="Фізика конденсованих середовищ – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фізика конденсованих середовищ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%81_%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کثیف مادہ طبیعیات – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کثیف مادہ طبیعیات" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Symbol_cristallography2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Symbol_cristallography2.svg/34px-Symbol_cristallography2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Symbol_cristallography2.svg/52px-Symbol_cristallography2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Symbol_cristallography2.svg/68px-Symbol_cristallography2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="138" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant la <a class="mw-selflink selflink">physique de la matière condensée</a>.</strong> </p> <div class="nomobile"> Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>.</div> </div></div> <p>La <b>physique de la matière condensée</b> est la branche de la <a href="/wiki/Physique" title="Physique">physique</a> qui étudie les propriétés microscopiques et <a href="/wiki/Macroscopique" class="mw-redirect" title="Macroscopique">macroscopiques</a> de la matière dans un état dit « <a href="/wiki/Mati%C3%A8re_condens%C3%A9e" title="Matière condensée">condensé</a> ». Ce terme doit être entendu par opposition à d'autres états de la matière, plus dilués, tels que l’état gazeux et les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_plasma" title="État plasma">plasmas</a>, ou encore par opposition à l’étude des atomes ou molécules isolés ou peu nombreux. Son objet d’étude consiste donc principalement dans les solides, ce qui explique que cette branche de la physique a longtemps été désignée par le terme de « physique des solides ». Un état est dit condensé lorsque la corrélation spatiale des atomes ou molécules qui le constituent reste substantielle, même à grande distance, ce qui n'est pas le cas des gaz ou liquides. Les physiciens de la matière condensée utilisent les lois de la physique, en particulier la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9canique_quantique" title="Mécanique quantique">mécanique quantique</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectromagn%C3%A9tisme" title="Électromagnétisme">électromagnétisme</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Physique_statistique" title="Physique statistique">physique statistique</a>. Pour des raisons historiques et méthodologiques, le champ de la discipline est limité aux systèmes qui peuvent être étudiés à l'intérieur d'un laboratoire, ce qui exclut, par exemple, la matière la plus dense de l'univers observable, à savoir les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89toile_%C3%A0_neutrons" title="Étoile à neutrons">étoiles à neutrons</a> qui relèvent plutôt de l'<a href="/wiki/Astrophysique" title="Astrophysique">astrophysique</a>. </p><p>La physique de la matière condensée s’intéresse a une grande variété d’états : phase <a href="/wiki/Supraconductivit%C3%A9" title="Supraconductivité">supraconductrice</a> manifestée par certains matériaux à basse <a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature" title="Température">température</a>, les phases <a href="/wiki/Ferromagn%C3%A9tisme" title="Ferromagnétisme">ferromagnétique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antiferromagn%C3%A9tisme" title="Antiferromagnétisme">antiferromagnétique</a> et <a href="/wiki/Ferrimagn%C3%A9tisme" title="Ferrimagnétisme">ferrimagnétique</a> des <a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">spins</a> sur un <a href="/wiki/Structure_cristalline" title="Structure cristalline">réseau cristallin</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Atome" title="Atome">atomes</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Verre_de_spin" title="Verre de spin">verres de spin</a> et les <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquide_de_spin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liquide de spin (page inexistante)">liquides de spin</a>. L'étude de la physique de la matière condensée implique des méthodes de <a href="/wiki/Physique_th%C3%A9orique" title="Physique théorique">physique théorique</a> pour développer des modèles mathématiques qui aident à la compréhension de comportement physique. </p><p>La diversité des systèmes et phénomènes à étudier fait de ce domaine le champ le plus actif de la physique contemporaine : un tiers de tous les physiciens s'identifient comme physicien de la matière condensée<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, et la Division de la Physique de la Matière Condensée (<i>Division of Condensed Matter Physics</i>) est la plus grande division de la <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_am%C3%A9ricaine_de_physique" title="Société américaine de physique">Société américaine de physique</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce domaine recoupe celui de la <a href="/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie">chimie</a>, de la <a href="/wiki/Science_des_mat%C3%A9riaux" title="Science des matériaux">science des matériaux</a>, de la <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnologie" title="Nanotechnologie">nanotechnologie</a> ainsi que celui de la <a href="/wiki/Physique_atomique" title="Physique atomique">physique atomique</a> et de la <a href="/wiki/Biophysique" title="Biophysique">biophysique</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Physique_th%C3%A9orique" title="Physique théorique">physique théorique</a> de la matière condensée partage d'importants concepts et méthodes avec celle de la <a href="/wiki/Physique_des_particules" title="Physique des particules">physique des particules</a> et de la <a href="/wiki/Physique_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Physique nucléaire">physique nucléaire</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : des outils similaires sont utilisés mais les échelles d’énergie de ces diverses branches de la physique sont très différentes. La physique de la matière condensée s’intéresse à des phénomènes de basse énergie. </p><p>Plusieurs sujets en physique comme la <a href="/wiki/Cristallographie" title="Cristallographie">cristallographie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tallurgie" title="Métallurgie">métallurgie</a>, les <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9formation_%C3%A9lastique" title="Déformation élastique">déformations élastiques</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9tisme" title="Magnétisme">magnétisme</a>, etc., étaient considérés comme des domaines distincts jusque dans les années 1940, lorsqu'ils furent regroupés sous l’appellation de <a href="/wiki/Physique_du_solide" title="Physique du solide">physique du solide</a>. Selon le physicien <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip Warren Anderson</a>, le terme « matière condensée » fut inventé par <a href="/wiki/Volker_Heine" title="Volker Heine">Volker Heine</a> et lui-même à l'occasion du changement de nom de leur groupe de recherche au <a href="/wiki/Laboratoire_Cavendish" title="Laboratoire Cavendish">Laboratoire Cavendish</a> de <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> de <i>Solid state theory</i> à <i>Theory of Condensed Matter</i> en 1967<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce nouveau nom était a leur sens plus inclusif, et n'excluait pas leur intérêt pour l'étude des liquides, de la matière nucléaire, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Même si Anderson et Heine ont aidé à populariser le terme « matière condensée », ce dernier était déjà présent en Europe depuis quelques années, surtout sous la forme d'un journal publié par Springer-Verlag en anglais, français et allemand dont le titre était « <i>Physics of Condensed Matter</i> », lancé en 1963<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les questions de financement ainsi que la politique associée à la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_froide" title="Guerre froide">guerre froide</a> des années 1960 et 1970 furent aussi des facteurs ayant mené quelques physiciens à préférer le nom « matière condensée », qui met mieux l'emphase sur les points communs des problèmes scientifiques rencontrés par les physiciens sur les solides, les liquides, les plasmas et d'autres matières complexes, alors que le terme « physique de l'état solide » était plus souvent associé aux applications industrielles des métaux et des semi-conducteurs<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les <a href="/wiki/Laboratoires_Bell" title="Laboratoires Bell">Laboratoires Bell</a> furent parmi les premières institutions à produire de la recherche en physique de la matière condensée<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physique_de_la_mati%C3%A8re_condens%C3%A9e&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physique_de_la_mati%C3%A8re_condens%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327141400/http://www.physicstoday.org/jobs/seek/condensed_matter.html">Condensed Matter Physics Jobs: Careers in Condensed Matter Physics [Physics Today Jobs</a>] »</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-03-27" data-sort-value="2009-03-27">27 mars 2009</time> <small>(version du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-03-27" data-sort-value="2009-03-27">27 mars 2009</time> sur <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>)</small>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aps.org/units/dcmp/history.cfm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">History of Condensed Matter Physics</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.aps.org</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-06-18" data-sort-value="2018-06-18">18 juin 2018</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais américain">(en-US)</abbr> « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en-us">Essay: Fifty Years of Condensed Matter Physics</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en-us" lang="en-us">Physical Review Letters</span></i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-12-16" data-sort-value="2008-12-16">16 décembre 2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.aps.org/prl/edannounce/PhysRevLett.101.250001">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-06-18" data-sort-value="2018-06-18">18 juin 2018</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Essay%3A+Fifty+Years+of+Condensed+Matter+Physics&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.date=2008-12-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APhysique+de+la+mati%C3%A8re+condens%C3%A9e"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phy.princeton.edu/people/philip-anderson"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Philip Anderson | Department of Physics</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">phy.princeton.edu</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-06-18" data-sort-value="2018-06-18">18 juin 2018</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais américain">(en-US)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldscientific.com/page/newsletter/nov11n33p02"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en-us">World Scientific Newsletter November 2011 Page 2 (World Scientific)</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.worldscientific.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-06-18" data-sort-value="2018-06-18">18 juin 2018</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1963"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> <cite class="italique" lang="de">Physics of Condensed Matter</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer-Verlag</a>, <time>1963</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=dTsgAAAAIAAJ">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physics+of+Condensed+Matter&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APhysique+de+la+mati%C3%A8re+condens%C3%A9e"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Martin2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joseph_D._Martin2015"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Joseph D. <span class="nom_auteur">Martin</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">What’s in a Name Change?</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Physics in Perspective</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 17, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-01-08" data-sort-value="2015-01-08">8 janvier 2015</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">3–32</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1422-6944">1422-6944</a></span> et <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1422-6960">1422-6960</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00016-014-0151-7">10.1007/s00016-014-0151-7</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00016-014-0151-7">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-06-18" data-sort-value="2018-06-18">18 juin 2018</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What%E2%80%99s+in+a+Name+Change%3F&rft.jtitle=Physics+in+Perspective&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Joseph+D.&rft.date=2015-01-08&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=3%E2%80%9332&rft.issn=1422-6944&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00016-014-0151-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APhysique+de+la+mati%C3%A8re+condens%C3%A9e"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130825164926/http://nanoelectronics.unibas.ch/education/ModernPhysics/KohnCondMat.pdf">Wayback Machine</a> »</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-08-25" data-sort-value="2013-08-25">25 août 2013</time> <small>(version du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-08-25" data-sort-value="2013-08-25">25 août 2013</time> sur <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>)</small>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physique_de_la_mati%C3%A8re_condens%C3%A9e&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physique_de_la_mati%C3%A8re_condens%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phase_(thermodynamique)" title="Phase (thermodynamique)">Phases</a> <ul><li>génériques : <a href="/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz">gaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquide" title="Liquide">liquide</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_solide" title="État solide">solide</a></li> <li>à basse température : <a href="/wiki/Condensation_de_Bose-Einstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Condensation de Bose-Einstein">condensation de Bose-Einstein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_de_fermions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaz de fermions (page inexistante)">gaz de fermions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquide_de_Fermi" title="Liquide de Fermi">liquide de Fermi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquide_de_Luttinger" title="Liquide de Luttinger">liquide de Luttinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superfluidit%C3%A9" title="Superfluidité">superfluidité</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supraconductivit%C3%A9" title="Supraconductivité">supraconductivité</a></li> <li>concepts : <a href="/wiki/Param%C3%A8tre_d%27ordre" title="Paramètre d'ordre">paramètre d'ordre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transition_de_phase" title="Transition de phase">transition de phase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristal" title="Cristal">Solides cristallins</a> <ul><li>types : <a href="/wiki/Isolant_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Isolant électrique">isolant</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal" title="Métal">métal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semi-conducteur" title="Semi-conducteur">semi-conducteur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semi-m%C3%A9tal" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-métal">semi-métal</a></li> <li>propriétés électroniques : <a href="/wiki/Bande_interdite" title="Bande interdite">bande interdite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onde_de_Bloch" title="Onde de Bloch">onde de Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bande_de_conduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Bande de conduction">bande de conduction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bande_de_valence" class="mw-redirect" title="Bande de valence">bande de valence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masse_effective" title="Masse effective">masse effective</a></li> <li>phénomènes électroniques : <a href="/wiki/Effet_Kondo" title="Effet Kondo">effet Kondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plasmon" title="Plasmon">plasmon</a>, <span class="page_h"><a href="/wiki/Effet_Hall_quantique" class="mw-disambig" title="Effet Hall quantique">effet Hall quantique</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Cristal_de_Wigner" title="Cristal de Wigner">cristal de Wigner</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron_fortement_corr%C3%A9l%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Électron fortement corrélé">électrons fortement corrélés</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photoluminescence" title="Photoluminescence">photoluminescence</a></li> <li>autres phénomènes : <a href="/wiki/Antiferromagn%C3%A9tisme" title="Antiferromagnétisme">antiferromagnétisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferromagn%C3%A9tisme" title="Ferromagnétisme">ferromagnétisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferro%C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9" title="Ferroélectricité">ferroélectricité</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%A9zo%C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9" title="Piézoélectricité">piézoélectricité</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnon_(physique)" title="Magnon (physique)">magnon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon">phonon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verre_de_spin" title="Verre de spin">verre de spin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mati%C3%A8re_molle" title="Matière molle">Matière molle</a> <ul><li>types : <a href="/wiki/Mati%C3%A8re_amorphe" title="Matière amorphe">solide amorphe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mat%C3%A9riau_granulaire" title="Matériau granulaire">matière granulaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cristal_liquide" title="Cristal liquide">cristaux liquides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polym%C3%A8re" title="Polymère">polymère</a></li> <li>phénomènes : <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8nes_de_vieillissement_en_physique_de_la_mati%C3%A8re_condens%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Phénomènes de vieillissement en physique de la matière condensée">phénomènes de vieillissement en physique de la matière condensée</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap 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Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Branches de la <a href="/wiki/Physique" title="Physique">physique</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Catégories</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physique_appliqu%C3%A9e" title="Physique appliquée">Appliquée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physique_exp%C3%A9rimentale" title="Physique expérimentale">Expérimentale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physique_th%C3%A9orique" title="Physique théorique">Théorique</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Champ_(physique)" title="Champ (physique)">Champs</a> et <a href="/wiki/Onde" title="Onde">ondes</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champ_gravitationnel" title="Champ gravitationnel">Champ gravitationnel</a></li> <li><a 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