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system</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: drainage system"> <meta name="keywords" content="drainage system"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="drainage system"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 17813</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: drainage system</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17813</span> Pervious Concrete for Road Intersection Drainage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivana%20Bari%C5%A1i%C4%87">Ivana Barišić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivanka%20Netinger%20Grube%C5%A1a"> Ivanka Netinger Grubeša</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ines%20Barjaktari%C4%87"> Ines Barjaktarić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road performance and traffic safety are highly influenced by improper water drainage system performance, particularly within intersection areas. So, the aim of the presented paper is the evaluation of pervious concrete made with two types and two aggregate fractions for potential utilization in intersection drainage areas. Although the studied pervious concrete mixtures achieved proper drainage but lower strength characteristics, this pervious concrete has a good potential for enhancing pavement drainage systems if it is embedded on limited intersection areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage" title="drainage">drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection" title=" intersection"> intersection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pervious%20concrete" title=" pervious concrete"> pervious concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road" title=" road"> road</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58848/pervious-concrete-for-road-intersection-drainage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17812</span> Strategic Evaluation of Existing Drainage System in Apalit, Pampanga</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennifer%20de%20Jesus">Jennifer de Jesus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ares%20Baron%20Talusan"> Ares Baron Talusan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Valerio"> Steven Valerio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to conduct an evaluation of the drainage system in a specific village in Apalit, Pampanga using the geographic information system to easily identify inadequate drainage lines that needs rehabilitation to aid in flooding problem in the area. The researchers will be utilizing two methods and software to be able to strategically assess each drainage line in the village– the two methods were the rational method and the Manning's Formula for Open Channel Flow and compared it to each other, and the software to be used was Google Earth Pro by 2020 Google LLC. The results must satisfy the statement QManning > QRational to be able to see if the specific line and section is adequate; otherwise, it is inadequate; dimensions needed to be recomputed until it became adequate. The use of the software is the visualization of data collected from the computations to clearly see in which areas the drainage lines were adequate or not. The researchers were then able to conclude that the drainage system should be considered inadequate, seeing as most of the lines are unable to accommodate certain intensities of rainfall. The researchers have also concluded that line rehabilitation is a must to proceed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20evaluation" title="strategic evaluation">strategic evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage%20system" title=" drainage system"> drainage system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=as-built%20plans" title=" as-built plans"> as-built plans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inadequacy" title=" inadequacy"> inadequacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20intensity-duration-frequency%20data" title=" rainfall intensity-duration-frequency data"> rainfall intensity-duration-frequency data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20method" title=" rational method"> rational method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manning%E2%80%99s%20equation%20for%20open%20channel%20flow" title=" manning’s equation for open channel flow"> manning’s equation for open channel flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145918/strategic-evaluation-of-existing-drainage-system-in-apalit-pampanga" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17811</span> Value Engineering and Its Impact on Drainage Design Optimization for Penang International Airport Expansion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.M.%20Asyraf">R.M. Asyraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Norazah"> A. Norazah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.M.%20Khairuddin"> S.M. Khairuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Noraziah"> B. Noraziah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Designing a system at present requires a vital, challenging task; to ensure the design philosophy is maintained in economical ways. This paper perceived the value engineering (VE) approach applied in infrastructure works, namely stormwater drainage. This method is adopted in line as consultants have completed the detailed design. Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) diagram and VE job plan, information, function analysis, creative judgement, development, and recommendation phase are used to scrutinize the initial design of stormwater drainage. An estimated cost reduction using the VE approach of 2% over the initial proposal was obtained. This cost reduction is obtained from the design optimization of the drainage foundation and structural system, where the pile design and drainage base structure are optimized. Likewise, the design of the on-site detention tank (OSD) pump was revised and contribute to the cost reduction obtained. This case study shows that the VE approach can be an important tool in optimizing the design to reduce costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20engineering" title="value engineering">value engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=function%20analysis%20system%20technique" title=" function analysis system technique"> function analysis system technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stormwater%20drainage" title=" stormwater drainage"> stormwater drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20reduction" title=" cost reduction"> cost reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122180/value-engineering-and-its-impact-on-drainage-design-optimization-for-penang-international-airport-expansion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17810</span> Hydraulic Performance of Urban Drainage System Using SWMM: A Case Study of Siti Khadijah Retention Pond in Palembang City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20B.%20Al%20Amin">Muhammad B. Al Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyimas%20S.%20Rika"> Nyimas S. Rika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwi%20F.%20Yanto"> Dwi F. Yanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelina"> Marcelina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Siti Khadijah retention pond is located beside of Siti Khadijah Islamic Hospital on Demang Lebar Daun Street in Palembang City. This retention pond is functioned as storage for runoff from drainage channels in the surrounding area before entering Sekanak River, which is one of Musi River tributaries. However, in recent years, the developments in the surrounding area into paved area trigger to increase runoff discharge that causes the pond can no longer store it adequately. This study aimed to investigate the hydraulic performance of drainage system in the area around Siti Khadijah retention pond. A SWMM model was used to simulate runoff discharge into the pond and out from the pond, so the water level fluctuation within the pond and its capacity could be determined. Besides that, the water depth within drainage channels was simulated as well. The results showed that capacity of retention pond and some drainage channels already inadequate, so the area around it potentially to be flooded. Thus, it is necessary to increase the capacity of the retention pond and drainage channels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood" title="flood">flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retention%20pond" title=" retention pond"> retention pond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWMM" title=" SWMM"> SWMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20drainage%20system" title=" urban drainage system"> urban drainage system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36591/hydraulic-performance-of-urban-drainage-system-using-swmm-a-case-study-of-siti-khadijah-retention-pond-in-palembang-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17809</span> The Effect of Proper Drainage on the Cost of Building and Repairing Roads </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abbas%20Tabatabaei">Seyed Abbas Tabatabaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeid%20Amini"> Saeid Amini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Reza%20Ghafouri"> Hamid Reza Ghafouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most important factors in flexible pavement failure is the lack of proper drainage along the roads. Water on the Paving Systems is one of the main parameters of pavement failure. Though, if water is discharged without delay and prior to discharge in order to prevent damaging the pavement the lifetime of the pavement will be considerably increased. In this study, duration of water stay and materials properties in pavement systems and the effects of aggregate gradation, and hydraulic conductivity of the drainage rate and Effects of subsurface drainage systems, drainage and reduction in the lifetime of the pavement have been studied. The study conducted in accordance with the terms offered can be concluded as under. The more hydraulic conductivity the less drainage time and the use of sub-surface drainage system causes two to three times of the pavement lifetime. In this research it has been tried by study and calculate the drained and undrained pavements lifetime by considering the effectiveness of water and drainage coefficient on flexible materials modulus and by using KENLAYER software to compare the present value cost of these pavements has been paid for a 20 year lifetime design. In this study, 14 pavement sections have been considered, of which 7 sections have been drained and 7 other not. Results show that drained pavements have more initial costs but the failure severity is so little in them and have longer lifetime for a 20 year lifetime design, the drained pavements seem so economic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage" title="drainage">drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20and%20sub-base" title=" base and sub-base"> base and sub-base</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasticity%20modulus" title=" elasticity modulus"> elasticity modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregation" title=" aggregation"> aggregation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1249/the-effect-of-proper-drainage-on-the-cost-of-building-and-repairing-roads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17808</span> Degradation Model for UK Railway Drainage System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiqi%20Wu">Yiqi Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Tait"> Simon Tait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Nichols"> Andrew Nichols</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Management of UK railway drainage assets is challenging due to the large amounts of historical assets with long asset life cycles. A major concern for asset managers is to maintain the required performance economically and efficiently while complying with the relevant regulation and legislation. As the majority of the drainage assets are buried underground and are often difficult or costly to examine, it is important for asset managers to understand and model the degradation process in order to foresee the upcoming reduction in asset performance and conduct proactive maintenance accordingly. In this research, a Markov chain approach is used to model the deterioration process of rail drainage assets. The study is based on historical condition scores and characteristics of drainage assets across the whole railway network in England, Scotland, and Wales. The model is used to examine the effect of various characteristics on the probabilities of degradation, for example, the regional difference in probabilities of degradation, and how material and shape can influence the deterioration process for chambers, channels, and pipes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterioration" title="deterioration">deterioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=markov%20models" title=" markov models"> markov models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability" title=" probability"> probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway%20drainage" title=" railway drainage"> railway drainage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103696/degradation-model-for-uk-railway-drainage-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17807</span> Impact of Urbanization on Natural Drainage Pattern in District of Larkana, Sindh Pakistan </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumaira%20Zafar">Sumaira Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjumand%20Zaidi"> Arjumand Zaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During past few years, several floods have adversely affected the areas along lower Indus River. Besides other climate related anomalies, rapidly increasing urbanization and blockage of natural drains due to siltation or encroachments are two other critical causes that may be responsible for these disasters. Due to flat topography of river Indus plains and blockage of natural waterways, drainage of storm water takes time adversely affecting the crop health and soil properties of the area. Government of Sindh is taking a keen interest in revival of natural drainage network in the province and has initiated this work under Sindh Irrigation and Drainage Authority. In this paper, geospatial techniques are used to analyze landuse/land-cover changes of Larkana district over the past three decades (1980-present) and their impact on natural drainage system. Satellite derived Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and topographic sheets (recent and 1950) are used to delineate natural drainage pattern of the district. The urban landuse map developed in this study is further overlaid on drainage line layer to identify the critical areas where the natural floodwater flows are being inhibited by urbanization. Rainfall and flow data are utilized to identify areas of heavy flow, whereas, satellite data including Landsat 7 and Google Earth are used to map previous floods extent and landuse/cover of the study area. Alternatives to natural drainage systems are also suggested wherever possible. The output maps of natural drainage pattern can be used to develop a decision support system for urban planners, Sindh development authorities and flood mitigation and management agencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geospatial%20techniques" title="geospatial techniques">geospatial techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20data" title=" satellite data"> satellite data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20drainage" title=" natural drainage"> natural drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood" title=" flood"> flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization "> urbanization </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17986/impact-of-urbanization-on-natural-drainage-pattern-in-district-of-larkana-sindh-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17806</span> An Assessment of Drainage Network System in Nigeria Urban Areas using Geographical Information Systems: A Case Study of Bida, Niger State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Hussaini%20Atulukwu">Yusuf Hussaini Atulukwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daramola%20Japheth"> Daramola Japheth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tabitit%20S.%20Tabiti"> Tabitit S. Tabiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daramola%20Elizabeth%20Lara"> Daramola Elizabeth Lara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In view of the recent limitations faced by the township concerning poorly constructed and in some cases non - existence of drainage facilities that resulted into incessant flooding in some parts of the community poses threat to life,property and the environment. The research seeks to address this issue by showing the spatial distribution of drainage network in Bida Urban using Geographic information System techniques. Relevant features were extracted from existing Bida based Map using un-screen digitization and x, y, z, data of existing drainages were acquired using handheld Global Positioning System (GPS). These data were uploaded into ArcGIS 9.2, software, and stored in the relational database structure that was used to produce the spatial data drainage network of the township. The result revealed that about 40 % of the drainages are blocked with sand and refuse, 35 % water-logged as a result of building across erosion channels and dilapidated bridges as a result of lack of drainage along major roads. The study thus concluded that drainage network systems in Bida community are not in good working condition and urgent measures must be initiated in order to avoid future disasters especially with the raining season setting in. Based on the above findings, the study therefore recommends that people within the locality should avoid dumping municipal waste within the drainage path while sand blocked or weed blocked drains should be clear by the authority concerned. In the same vein the authority should ensured that contract of drainage construction be awarded to professionals and all the natural drainages caused by erosion should be addressed to avoid future disasters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage%20network" title="drainage network">drainage network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial" title=" spatial"> spatial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitization" title=" digitization"> digitization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relational%20database" title=" relational database"> relational database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste" title=" waste"> waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32733/an-assessment-of-drainage-network-system-in-nigeria-urban-areas-using-geographical-information-systems-a-case-study-of-bida-niger-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17805</span> Geochemical Controls of Salinity in a Typical Acid Mine Drainage Neutralized Groundwater System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Modreck%20Gomo">Modreck Gomo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although the dolomite and calcite carbonates can neutralize Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) and prevent leaching of metals, salinity still remains a huge problem. The study presents a conceptual discussion of geochemical controls of salinity in a typical calcite and dolomite AMD neutralised groundwater systems. Thereafter field evidence is presented to support the conceptual discussions. 1020 field data sets of from a groundwater system reported to be under circumneutral conditions from the neutralization effect of calcite and dolomite is analysed using correlation analysis and bivariate plots. Field evidence indicates that sulphate, calcium and magnesium are strongly and positively correlated to Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) which is used as measure of salinity. In this, a hydrogeochemical system, the dissolution of sulphate, calcium and magnesium form AMD neutralization process contributed 50%, 10% and 5% of the salinity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20mine%20drainage" title="acid mine drainage">acid mine drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonates" title=" carbonates"> carbonates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutralization" title=" neutralization"> neutralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title=" salinity"> salinity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95133/geochemical-controls-of-salinity-in-a-typical-acid-mine-drainage-neutralized-groundwater-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95133.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17804</span> The Role of Knowledge and Institutional Challenges to the Adoption of Sustainable Urban Drainage in Saudi Arabia: Implications for Sustainable Environmental Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Alahmari">Ali Alahmari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Saudi Arabia is facing increasing challenges in managing urban drainage, due to a combination of factors including climate change and urban expansion. Traditional drainage systems are unable to cope with demand, resulting in flooding and damage to property. Consequently, new ways of dealing with this issue need to be found and Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) appear to be a possible solution. This paper suggests that knowledge is a central issue in the adoption of Sustainable Urban Drainage approaches, as revealed through qualitative research with representative officials and professionals from key government departments and organisations in Riyadh. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-six participants. The interviews explored the challenges of adopting sustainable drainage approaches, and grounded theory analysis was used to examine the role of knowledge. However, a number of barriers have been identified with regard to the adoption of sustainable drainage approaches, such as the marginal status of sustainability in drainage decisions; lack of technical standards for other unconventional drainage solutions, and lack of consideration by decision makers of contributions from environmental and geographical studies. Due to centralisation, decision-making processes are complex and time-consuming, resulting in the discouragement of the adoption of new knowledge and approaches. Stakeholders with knowledge of sustainable approaches are often excluded from the hierarchical system of urban planning and drainage management. In addition, the multiplicity of actors involved in the implementation of the drainage system, as well as the different technical standards involved, often causes problems around coordination and cooperation. Although those with procedural and explicit knowledge have revealed a range of opportunities, such as a significant increase in government support for rainwater drainage in urban areas, they also identified a number of obstacles. These are mainly related to the lack of specialists in sustainable approaches, and a reluctance to involve external experts. Therefore, recommendations for overcoming some of these challenges are presented, which include enhancing the decision-making process through applying decentralisation and promoting awareness of sustainability through establishing educational and outreach programmes. This may serve to increase knowledge and facilitate the adoption of sustainable drainage approaches to promote sustainable development in the context of Saudi Arabia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making%20processes" title=" decision-making processes"> decision-making processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20knowledge%20and%20approaches" title=" new knowledge and approaches"> new knowledge and approaches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20to%20change" title=" resistance to change"> resistance to change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SUDS" title=" SUDS"> SUDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20expansion" title=" urban expansion"> urban expansion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94792/the-role-of-knowledge-and-institutional-challenges-to-the-adoption-of-sustainable-urban-drainage-in-saudi-arabia-implications-for-sustainable-environmental-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17803</span> Perception Study on the Environmental Ramifications of Inadequate Drainage Systems in Jere Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Bukar%20Maina">Mohammed Bukar Maina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Alhaji%20Bukar"> Mohammed Alhaji Bukar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flooding is a significant threat to human lives, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. This study focuses on the environmental implications of inadequate drainage systems in the Jere Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. By examining community awareness, understanding, and perceived impacts of the absence of drainage systems, as well as exploring potential solutions, this research aims to address the existing knowledge gap. The study focuses on the Fori and 202/303 Quarters, chosen for their lack of drainage infrastructure and environmental challenges. Primary data was collected through questionnaires and observations supplemented by secondary sources. The findings highlight the need for increased awareness of drainage systems and the consequences of inadequate infrastructure. The community faces challenges like flooding, water-logging, contamination of drinking water, waterborne diseases, and property damage, necessitating the implementation of proper drainage systems. Recommendations include prioritizing new drainage systems, awareness campaigns, community participation, involvement of local government and leaders, and regular maintenance. Long-term planning is crucial for integrating drainage infrastructure into future development. Implementing these recommendations will establish sustainable and resilient drainage systems, mitigating environmental hazards. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and communities in addressing insufficient drainage systems and safeguarding the community's well-being. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title="environment">environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage%20systems" title=" drainage systems"> drainage systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flooding" title=" flooding"> flooding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lack" title=" lack"> lack</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190743/perception-study-on-the-environmental-ramifications-of-inadequate-drainage-systems-in-jere-local-government-area-borno-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17802</span> Rational Approach to the Design of a Sustainable Drainage System for Permanent Site of Federal Polytechnic Oko: A Case Study for Flood Mitigation and Environmental Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fortune%20Chibuike%20Onyia">Fortune Chibuike Onyia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Femi%20Ogundeji%20Ayodele"> Femi Ogundeji Ayodele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The design of a drainage system at the permanent site of Federal Polytechnic Oko in Anambra State is critical for mitigating flooding, managing surface runoff, and ensuring environmental sustainability. The design process employed a comprehensive analysis involving topographical surveys, hydraulic modeling, and the assessment of local soil types to ensure stability and efficient water conveyance. Proper slope gradients were considered to maintain adequate flow velocities and avoid sediment deposition, which could hinder long-term performance. From the result, the channel size estimated was 0.199m by 0.0199m and 0.0199m². This study proposed a channel size of 1.4m depth by 0.5m width and 0.7m², optimized to accommodate the anticipated peak flow resulting from heavy rainfall and storm-water events. This sizing is based on hydrological data, which takes into account rainfall intensity, runoff coefficients, and catchment area characteristics. The objective is to effectively convey storm-water while preventing overflow, erosion, and subsequent damage to infrastructure and properties. This sustainable approach incorporates provisions for maintenance and aligns with urban drainage standards to enhance durability and reliability. Implementing this drainage system will mitigate flood risks, safeguard campus facilities, improve overall water management, and contribute to the development of resilient infrastructure at Federal Polytechnic Oko. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20mitigation" title="flood mitigation">flood mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage%20system" title=" drainage system"> drainage system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20design" title=" sustainable design"> sustainable design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20management" title=" environmental management"> environmental management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194151/rational-approach-to-the-design-of-a-sustainable-drainage-system-for-permanent-site-of-federal-polytechnic-oko-a-case-study-for-flood-mitigation-and-environmental-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17801</span> Assessment of Drainage Water Quality in South Africa: Case Study of Vaal-Harts Irrigation Scheme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josiah%20A.%20Adeyemo">Josiah A. Adeyemo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fred%20A.%20O.%20Otieno"> Fred A. O. Otieno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olumuyiwa%20I.%20Ojo"> Olumuyiwa I. Ojo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> South Africa is water-stressed being a semi-arid country with limited annual rainfall supply and a lack of perennial streams. The future implications of population growth combined with the uncertainty of climate change are likely to have significant financial, human and ecological impacts on already scarce water resources. The waste water from the drainage canals of the Vaal-Harts irrigation scheme (VHS) located in Jan Kempdorp, a farming community in South Africa, were investigated for possible irrigation re-use and their effects on the immediate environment. Three major drains within the scheme were identified and sampled. Drainage water samples were analysed to determine its characteristics. The water samples analyzed had pH values in the range of 5.5 and 6.4 which is below the normal range for irrigation water and very low to moderate salinity (electrical conductivity 0.09-0.82 dS/m). The adjusted sodium adsorption ratio values in all the samples were also very low (<0.2), indicating very low sodicity hazards. The nitrate concentration in most of the samples was high, ranging from 4.8 to 53 mg/l. The reuse of the drainage water for irrigation is possible, but with further treatment. Some suggestions were offered in the safe management of drainage water in VHS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage%20canal" title="drainage canal">drainage canal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title=" irrigation"> irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutants" title=" pollutants"> pollutants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8288/assessment-of-drainage-water-quality-in-south-africa-case-study-of-vaal-harts-irrigation-scheme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17800</span> Acid Mine Drainage Remediation Using Silane and Phosphate Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chiliza">M. Chiliza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20P.%20Mbukwane"> H. P. Mbukwane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%20Masita"> P Masita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Rutto"> H. Rutto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acid mine drainage (AMD) one of the main pollutants of water in many countries that have mining activities. AMD results from the oxidation of pyrite and other metal sulfides. When these metals gets exposed to moisture and oxygen, leaching takes place releasing sulphate and Iron. Acid drainage is often noted by 'yellow boy,' an orange-yellow substance that occurs when the pH of acidic mine-influenced water raises above pH 3, so that the previously dissolved iron precipitates out. The possibility of using environmentally friendly silane and phosphate based coatings on pyrite to remediate acid mine drainage and prevention at source was investigated. The results showed that both coatings reduced chemical oxidation of pyrite based on Fe and sulphate release. Furthermore, it was found that silane based coating performs better when coating synthesis take place in a basic hydrolysis than in an acidic state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20mine%20drainage" title="acid mine drainage">acid mine drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrite" title=" pyrite"> pyrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silane" title=" silane"> silane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphate" title=" phosphate"> phosphate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59866/acid-mine-drainage-remediation-using-silane-and-phosphate-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17799</span> Systemic Approach to Risk Measurement of Drainage Systems in Urban Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jadwiga%20Kr%C3%B3likowska">Jadwiga Królikowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrzej%20Kr%C3%B3likowski"> Andrzej Królikowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaros%C5%82aw%20Bajer"> Jarosław Bajer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work delineates the threats of maladjustment of the capacity of rain canals, designed and built in the early 20th century, in connection to heavy rainfall, especially in summer. This is the cause of the so called 'urban floods.' It directly relates to fierce raise of paving in the cities. Resolving this problem requires a change in philosophy of draining the rainfall by wider use of retention, infiltration and usage of rainwater. In systemic approach to managing the safety of urban drainage systems the risk, which is directly connected to safety failures, has been accepted as a measure. The risk level defines the probability of occurrence of losses greater than the ones forecast for a given time frame. The procedure of risk modelling, enabling its numeric analysis by using appropriate weights, is a significant issue in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title="risk management">risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage%20system" title=" drainage system"> drainage system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20areas" title=" urban areas"> urban areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20floods" title=" urban floods "> urban floods </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10758/systemic-approach-to-risk-measurement-of-drainage-systems-in-urban-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17798</span> The Systemic Approach to Risk Measurement of Drainage Systems in Urban Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jadwiga%20Kr%C3%B3likowska">Jadwiga Królikowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrzej%20Kr%C3%B3likowski"> Andrzej Królikowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaros%C5%82aw%20Bajer"> Jarosław Bajer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work delineates the threats of maladjustment of the capacity of rain canals, designed and built in the early 20th century, in connection to heavy rainfall, especially in summer. This is the cause of the so called 'urban floods.' It directly relates to fierce raise of paving in the cities. Resolving this problem requires a change in philosophy of draining the rainfall by wider use of retention, infiltration and usage of rainwater. In systemic approach to managing the safety of urban drainage systems the risk, which is directly connected to safety failures, has been accepted as a measure. The risk level defines the probability of occurrence of losses grater than the ones forecast for a given time frame. The procedure of risk modelling, enabling its numeric analysis by using appropriate weights, is a significant issue in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage%20system" title="drainage system">drainage system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20areas" title=" urban areas"> urban areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20measurement" title=" risk measurement"> risk measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systemic%20approach" title=" systemic approach"> systemic approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13240/the-systemic-approach-to-risk-measurement-of-drainage-systems-in-urban-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17797</span> Transformations of River Zones in Hanoi, Vietnam: Problems of Urban Drainage and Environmental Pollution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phong%20Le%20Ha">Phong Le Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In many cities the entire world, the relationship between cities and rivers is always considered as a fundament of urban history research because of their profound interactions. This kind of relationship makes the river zones become extremely sensitive in many aspects. One of the most important aspect is their roles in the drainage of cities. In this paper we will examine an extraordinary case of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam and Red river zones. This river has contradictory impacts to this city: It is considered as a source of life of the inhabitants who live along its two banks, however, the risk of inundation caused by the complicated hydrology system of this river is always a real threat to the cities that it flows through. Morphologically, Red river was connected to the inner rivers system that made Hanoi a complete form of a river city. This structure combined with the topography of Hanoi helps this city to assure a stable drainage system in which the river zones in the north of Hanoi play some extreme important roles. Nevertheless, in the late 20 years, Hanoi's strong urbanization and the instability of Red river's complicated hydrology make the very remarkable transformations in the relationship river-city and in the river zones: The connection between the river and the city declines; the system of inner lakes are progressively replaced by habitat land; in the river zones, the infrastructure system can't adapt to the transformations of the new quarters which have the origin of the agricultural villages. These changes bring out many chances for the urban development, but also many risks and problems, particularly in the environment and technical sides. Among these, pluvial and used water evacuation is one of the most severe problems. The disappear of inner-city lakes, the high dike and the topographical changes of Hanoi blow up the risk of inundation of this city. In consequences, the riverine zones, particularly in the north of Hanoi, where the two most important water evacuation rivers of Hanoi meet each other, are burdened with the drainage pressure. The unique water treatment plant in this zone seems to be overcharged in receiving each day about 40000m3 of used water (not include pluvial water). This kind of problem leads also to another risk related to the environmental pollution (water pollution and air pollution). So, in order to better understand the situation and to propose the solutions to resolve the problems, an interdisciplinary research covering many different fields such urban planning, architecture, geography, and especially drainage and environment has been carried out. In general, this paper will analyze an important part of the research : the process of urban transformation of Hanoi (changes in urban morphology, infrastructure system, evolution of the dike system, ...) and the hydrological changes of Red river which cause the drainage and environmental problems. The conclusions of these analyses will be the solid base of the following researches focusing on the solutions of a sustainable development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage" title="drainage">drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanoi" title=" Hanoi"> Hanoi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20rivers" title=" red rivers"> red rivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26228/transformations-of-river-zones-in-hanoi-vietnam-problems-of-urban-drainage-and-environmental-pollution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17796</span> Constructed Wetlands with Subsurface Flow for Nitrogen and Metazachlor Removal from Tile Drainage: First Year Results</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Fucik">P. Fucik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Vymazal"> J. Vymazal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Seres"> M. Seres</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pollution from agricultural drainage is a severe issue for water quality, and it is a major reason for the failure in accomplishment of 'good chemical status' according to Water Framework Directive, especially due to high nitrogen and pesticide burden of receiving waters. Constructed wetlands were proposed as a suitable measure for removal of nitrogen from agricultural drainage in the early 1990s. Until now, the vast majority of constructed wetlands designed to treat tile drainage were free-surface constructed wetlands. In 2018, three small experimental constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow were built in Czech Highlands to treat tile drainage from 15.73 ha watershed. The wetlands have a surface area of 79, 90 and 98 m² and were planted with Phalaris arundinacea and Glyceria maxima in parallel bands. The substrate in the first two wetlands is gravel (4-8 mm) mixed with birch woodchips (10:1 volume ratio). In one of those wetlands, the water level is kept 10 cm above the surface; in the second one, the water is kept below the surface. The third wetland has 20 cm layer of birch woodchips on top of gravel. The drainage outlet, as well as wetland outlets, are equipped with automatic discharge-gauging devices, temperature probes, as well as automatic water samplers (Teledyne ISCO). During the monitored period (2018-2019), the flows were unexpectedly low due to a drop of the shallow ground water level, being the main source of water for the monitored drainage system, as experienced at many areas of the Czech Republic. The mean water residence time was analyzed in the wetlands (KBr), which was 16, 9 and 27 days, respectively. The mean total nitrogen concentration eliminations during one-year period were 61.2%, 62.6%, and 70.9% for wetlands 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The average load removals amounted to 0.516, 0.323, and 0.399 g N m-2 d-1 or 1885, 1180 and 1457 kg ha-1 yr-1 in wetlands 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The plant uptake and nitrogen sequestration in aboveground biomass contributed only marginally to the overall nitrogen removal. Among the three variants, the one with shallow water on the surface was revealed to be the most effective for removal of nitrogen from drainage water. In August 2019, herbicide Metazachlor was experimentally poured in time of 2 hours at drainage outlet in a concentration of 250 ug/l to find out the removal rates of the aforementioned wetlands. Water samples were taken the first day every six hours, and for the next nine days, every day one water sample was taken. The removal rates were as follows 94, 69 and 99%; when the most effective wetland was the one with the longest water residence time and the birch woodchip-layer on top of gravel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructed%20wetlands" title="constructed wetlands">constructed wetlands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metazachlor" title=" metazachlor"> metazachlor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen" title=" nitrogen"> nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tile%20drainage" title=" tile drainage"> tile drainage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123903/constructed-wetlands-with-subsurface-flow-for-nitrogen-and-metazachlor-removal-from-tile-drainage-first-year-results" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17795</span> Causes Analysis of Vacuum Consolidation Failure to Soft Foundation Filled by Newly Dredged Mud</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bao%20Shu-Feng">Bao Shu-Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lou%20Yan"> Lou Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Zhi-Liang"> Dong Zhi-Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mo%20Hai-Hong"> Mo Hai-Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Ping-Shan"> Chen Ping-Shan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For soft foundation filled by newly dredged mud, after improved by Vacuum Preloading Technology (VPT), the soil strength was increased only a little, the effective improved depth was small, and the ground bearing capacity is still low. To analyze the causes in depth, it was conducted in laboratory of several comparative single well model experiments of VPT. It was concluded: (1) it mainly caused serious clogging problem and poor drainage performance in vertical drains of high content of fine soil particles and strong hydrophilic minerals in dredged mud, too fast loading rate at the early stage of vacuum preloading (namely rapidly reaching-80kPa) and too small characteristic opening size of the filter of the existed vertical drains; (2) it commonly reduced the drainage efficiency of drainage system, in turn weaken vacuum pressure in soils and soil improvement effect of the greater partial loss and friction loss of vacuum pressure caused by larger curvature of vertical drains and larger transfer resistance of vacuum pressure in horizontal drain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=newly%20dredged%20mud" title="newly dredged mud">newly dredged mud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20well%20model%20experiments%20of%20vacuum%20preloading%20technology" title=" single well model experiments of vacuum preloading technology"> single well model experiments of vacuum preloading technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poor%20drainage%20performance%20of%20vertical%20drains" title=" poor drainage performance of vertical drains"> poor drainage performance of vertical drains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poor%20soil%20improvement%20effect" title=" poor soil improvement effect"> poor soil improvement effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causes%20analysis" title=" causes analysis"> causes analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2509/causes-analysis-of-vacuum-consolidation-failure-to-soft-foundation-filled-by-newly-dredged-mud" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17794</span> Sepiolite as a Processing Aid in Fibre Reinforced Cement Produced in Hatschek Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20P%C3%A9rez%20Castells">R. Pérez Castells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Carbajo"> J. M. Carbajo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sepiolite is used as a processing aid in the manufacture of fibre cement from the start of the replacement of asbestos in the 80s. Sepiolite increases the inter-laminar bond between cement layers and improves homogeneity of the slurries. A new type of sepiolite processed product, Wollatrop TF/C, has been checked as a retention agent for fine particles in the production of fibre cement in a Hatschek machine. The effect of Wollatrop T/FC on filtering and fine particle losses was studied as well as the interaction with anionic polyacrylamide and microsilica. The design of the experiments were factorial and the VDT equipment used for measuring retention and drainage was modified Rapid Köethen laboratory sheet former. Wollatrop TF/C increased the fine particle retention improving the economy of the process and reducing the accumulation of solids in recycled process water. At the same time, drainage time increased sharply at high concentration, however drainage time can be improved by adjusting APAM concentration. Wollatrop TF/C and microsilica are having very small interactions among them. Microsilica does not control fine particle losses while Wollatrop TF/C does efficiently. Further research on APAM type (molecular weight and anionic character) is advisable to improve drainage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage" title="drainage">drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre-reinforced%20cement" title=" fibre-reinforced cement"> fibre-reinforced cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20particle%20losses" title=" fine particle losses"> fine particle losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flocculation" title=" flocculation"> flocculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microsilica" title=" microsilica"> microsilica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sepiolite" title=" sepiolite"> sepiolite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29616/sepiolite-as-a-processing-aid-in-fibre-reinforced-cement-produced-in-hatschek-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17793</span> Implementation of the Circular Economy Concept in Greenhouse Production Systems: Microalgae and Biostimulant Production Using Soilless Crops’ Drainage Nutrient Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolaos%20Katsoulas">Nikolaos Katsoulas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Faliagka"> Sofia Faliagka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Kountrias"> George Kountrias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleni%20Dimitriou"> Eleni Dimitriou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleftheria%20Pechlivani"> Eleftheria Pechlivani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The challenges to feed the world in 2050 are becoming more and more apparent. This calls for producing more with fewer inputs (most of them under scarcity), higher resource efficiency, minimum or zero effect on the environment, and higher sustainability. Therefore, increasing the circularity of production systems is highly significant for their sustainability. Protected horticulture offers opportunities for maximum resource efficiency across various levels within and between farms and at the regional level), high-quality production, and contributes significantly to the nutrition security as part of the world food production. In greenhouses, closed soilless cultivation systems give the opportunity to increase the water and nutrient use efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of the cultivation system by the reuse of the drained water and nutrients. However, due to the low quality of the water used in the Mediterranean countries, a completely closed system is not feasible. Partial discharge of the drainage nutrient solution when the levels of electrical conductivity (EC) or of the toxic ions in the system are reached is still a necessity. Thus, in the frame of the circular economy concept, this work presents the utilisation of the drainage solution of soilless cultivation systems for microalgae and biofertilisers production. The system includes a greenhouse equipped with a soilless cultivation system, a drainage solution collection tank, a closed bioreactor for microalgae production, and a biocatalysis tank. The bioreactor tested in the frame of this work includes two closed tube loops of a capacity of 1000 L each where, after the initial inoculation, the microalgae is developed using as a growth medium the drainage solution collected from the greenhouse crops. The bioreactor includes light and temperature control while pH is still manually regulated. As soon as the microalgae culture reaches a certain density level, 20% of the culture is harvested, and the culture system is refiled by a drainage nutrient solution. The microalgae produced goes through a biocatalysis process, which leads to the production of a rich aminoacids (and nitrogen) biofertiliser. The produced biofertiliser is then used for the fertilisation of greenhouse crops. The complete production cycle along with the effects of the biofertiliser produced on crop growth and yield are presented and discussed in this manuscript. Acknowledgment: This work was carried out under the PestNu project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Green Deal grant agreement No. 101037128 — PestNu. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soilless" title="soilless">soilless</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20use%20efficiency" title=" water use efficiency"> water use efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrients%20use%20efficiency" title=" nutrients use efficiency"> nutrients use efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biostimulant" title=" biostimulant"> biostimulant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175835/implementation-of-the-circular-economy-concept-in-greenhouse-production-systems-microalgae-and-biostimulant-production-using-soilless-crops-drainage-nutrient-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17792</span> Climate Change Impact on Slope Stability: A Study of Slope Drainage Design and Operation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Mugarza">Elena Mugarza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20Glendinning"> Stephanie Glendinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ross%20Stirling"> Ross Stirling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Davies"> Colin Davies</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of climate change and increased rainfall events on UK-based infrastructure are observable, with an increasing number being reported on in the national press. The fatal derailment at Stonehaven in 2020 prompted a wider review of Network Rail-owned earthworks assets. The event was indicated by the Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) to be caused by mis-installed drainage on the adjacent cutting. The slope failure on Snake Pass (public highway A57) was reportedly caused by significant water ingress following numerous storm events and resulted in the road’s closure for several months. This problem is only projected to continue with greater intensity and more prolonged rainfall events forecasted in the future. Subsequently, this project is designed to evaluate effective drainage trench design within infrastructure embankments, considering the capillary barrier phenomenon that may govern their deterioration and resultant failure. Theoretically, the differential between grain sizes of the embankment clays and gravels, customarily used in drainage trenches, would have a limiting effect on infiltration. As such, it is anticipated that the inclusion of an additional material with an intermediate grain size should improve the hydraulic conductivity across the drainage boundary. Multiple drainage designs will be studied using instrumentation within the drain and surrounding clays. Data from the real-world installation at the BIONICS embankment will be collected and compared with laboratory and Finite Element (FE) simulations. This research aims to reduce the risk of infrastructure slope failures by improving the resilience of earthwork drainage and lessening the consequential impact on transportation networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthworks" title="earthworks">earthworks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20drainage" title=" slope drainage"> slope drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20slopes" title=" transportation slopes"> transportation slopes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterioration" title=" deterioration"> deterioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capillary%20barriers" title=" capillary barriers"> capillary barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20study" title=" field study"> field study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182423/climate-change-impact-on-slope-stability-a-study-of-slope-drainage-design-and-operation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17791</span> Multi-Scale Modelling of the Cerebral Lymphatic System and Its Failure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20K.%20Diem">Alexandra K. Diem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giles%20Richardson"> Giles Richardson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roxana%20O.%20Carare"> Roxana O. Carare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neil%20W.%20Bressloff"> Neil W. Bressloff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and although it has been researched for over 100 years, there is still no cure or preventive medication. Its onset and progression is closely related to the accumulation of the neuronal metabolite Aβ. This raises the question of how metabolites and waste products are eliminated from the brain as the brain does not have a traditional lymphatic system. In recent years the rapid uptake of Aβ into cerebral artery walls and its clearance along those arteries towards the lymph nodes in the neck has been suggested and confirmed in mice studies, which has led to the hypothesis that interstitial fluid (ISF), in the basement membranes in the walls of cerebral arteries, provides the pathways for the lymphatic drainage of Aβ. This mechanism, however, requires a net reverse flow of ISF inside the blood vessel wall compared to the blood flow and the driving forces for such a mechanism remain unknown. While possible driving mechanisms have been studied using mathematical models in the past, a mechanism for net reverse flow has not been discovered yet. Here, we aim to address the question of the driving force of this reverse lymphatic drainage of Aβ (also called perivascular drainage) by using multi-scale numerical and analytical modelling. The numerical simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4 is used to develop a fluid-structure interaction model of a cerebral artery, which models blood flow and displacements in the artery wall due to blood pressure changes. An analytical model of a layer of basement membrane inside the wall governs the flow of ISF and, therefore, solute drainage based on the pressure changes and wall displacements obtained from the cerebral artery model. The findings suggest that an active role in facilitating a reverse flow is played by the components of the basement membrane and that stiffening of the artery wall during age is a major risk factor for the impairment of brain lymphatics. Additionally, our model supports the hypothesis of a close association between cerebrovascular diseases and the failure of perivascular drainage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%27s%20disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artery%20wall%20mechanics" title=" artery wall mechanics"> artery wall mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebral%20blood%20flow" title=" cerebral blood flow"> cerebral blood flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebral%20lymphatics" title=" cerebral lymphatics"> cerebral lymphatics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30548/multi-scale-modelling-of-the-cerebral-lymphatic-system-and-its-failure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17790</span> Urban Water Logging Adversity: A Case Study on Disruption of Urban Landscape Due to Water Logging Problems and Probable Analytical Solutions for Urban Region on Port City Chittagong, Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Obidul%20Haque">Md. Obidul Haque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbasi%20Khanm"> Abbasi Khanm</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Port city Chittagong, the commercial capital of Bangladesh, is flourished with fascinating topography and climatic context along with basic resources for livelihood; both shape this city and become living archives of its ecologies. Chittagong has been witnessing numerous urban development measures being taken by city development authority, though some of those seem incomplete because of lack of proper planning. Due to this unplanned trail, the blessings of nature have become the reason of sufferings for city dwellers. One of which is the water clogging due to heavy rainfall, seepage, high tide, absence of well-knit underground drainage system, and so on. The problem has reached such an extent that the first monsoon rain is enough to shut down the entire city and causing immense sufferings to livestock, specially most vulnerable groups such as children and office going people. Study shows that total discharge is higher than present drainage capacity of the canals, thus, resulting in overflow, as major channels are clogged up by dumping waste or illegal encroachment, which are supposed to flush out rain water. This paper aims to address natural and manmade causes behind urban water clogging, adverse socio-environmental hazardous effects, possibilities for probable solutions on basis of local people’s experience and rational urban planning and landscape architectural proposals such as facilitating well planned drainage system, along with waste management policies etc. which can be able to intervene in these movements to activate the mighty port city’s unfulfilled potentials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage" title="drainage">drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-tide" title=" high-tide"> high-tide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20storm%20water%20logging%20%28USWL%29" title=" urban storm water logging (USWL)"> urban storm water logging (USWL)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20management" title=" water management "> water management </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78579/urban-water-logging-adversity-a-case-study-on-disruption-of-urban-landscape-due-to-water-logging-problems-and-probable-analytical-solutions-for-urban-region-on-port-city-chittagong-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17789</span> Analysis of Urban Flooding in Wazirabad Catchment of Kabul City with Help of Geo-SWMM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazli%20Rahim%20Shinwari">Fazli Rahim Shinwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulrich%20Dittmer"> Ulrich Dittmer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Like many megacities around the world, Kabul is facing severe problems due to the rising frequency of urban flooding. Since 2001, Kabul is experiencing rapid population growth because of the repatriation of refugees and internal migration. Due to unplanned development, green areas inside city and hilly areas within and around the city are converted into new housing towns that had increased runoff. Trenches along the roadside comprise the unplanned drainage network of the city that drains the combined sewer flow. In rainy season overflow occurs, and after streets become dry, the dust particles contaminate the air which is a major cause of air pollution in Kabul city. In this study, a stormwater management model is introduced as a basis for a systematic approach to urban drainage planning in Kabul. For this purpose, Kabul city is delineated into 8 watersheds with the help of one-meter resolution LIDAR DEM. Storm, water management model, is developed for Wazirabad catchment by using available data and literature values. Due to lack of long term metrological data, the model is only run for hourly rainfall data of a rain event that occurred in April 2016. The rain event from 1st to 3rd April with maximum intensity of 3mm/hr caused huge flooding in Wazirabad Catchment of Kabul City. Model-estimated flooding at some points of the catchment as an actual measurement of flooding was not possible; results were compared with information obtained from local people, Kabul Municipality and Capital Region Independent Development Authority. The model helped to identify areas where flooding occurred because of less capacity of drainage system and areas where the main reason for flooding is due to blockage in the drainage canals. The model was used for further analysis to find a sustainable solution to the problem. The option to construct new canals was analyzed, and two new canals were proposed that will reduce the flooding frequency in Wazirabad catchment of Kabul city. By developing the methodology to develop a stormwater management model from digital data and information, the study had fulfilled the primary objective, and similar methodology can be used for other catchments of Kabul city to prepare an emergency and long-term plan for drainage system of Kabul city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20hydrology" title="urban hydrology">urban hydrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storm%20water%20management" title=" storm water management"> storm water management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWMM" title=" SWMM"> SWMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GEO-SWMM" title=" GEO-SWMM"> GEO-SWMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification%20of%20flood%20vulnerable%20areas" title=" identification of flood vulnerable areas"> identification of flood vulnerable areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20flooding%20analysis" title=" urban flooding analysis"> urban flooding analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20urban%20drainage" title=" sustainable urban drainage"> sustainable urban drainage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105349/analysis-of-urban-flooding-in-wazirabad-catchment-of-kabul-city-with-help-of-geo-swmm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17788</span> Urban Impervious and its Impact on Storm Water Drainage Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratul%20Das">Ratul Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Udit%20Narayan%20Das"> Udit Narayan Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface imperviousness in urban area brings significant changes in storm water drainage systems and some recent studies reveals that the impervious surfaces that passes the storm water runoff directly to drainage systems through storm water collection systems, called directly connected impervious area (DCIA) is an effective parameter rather than total impervious areas (TIA) for computation of surface runoff. In the present study, extension of DCIA and TIA were computed for a small sub-urban area of Agartala, the capital of state Tripura. Total impervious surfaces covering the study area were identified on the existing storm water drainage map from landuse map of the study area in association with field assessments. Also, DCIA assessed through field survey were compared to DCIA computed by empirical relationships provided by other investigators. For the assessment of DCIA in the study area two methods were adopted. First, partitioning the study area into four drainage sub-zones based on average basin slope and laying of existing storm water drainage systems. In the second method, the entire study area was divided into small grids. Each grid or parcel comprised of 20m× 20m area. Total impervious surfaces were delineated from landuse map in association with on-site assessments for efficient determination of DCIA within each sub-area and grid. There was a wide variation in percent connectivity of TIA across each sub-drainage zone and grid. In the present study, total impervious area comprises 36.23% of the study area, in which 21.85% of the total study area is connected to storm water collection systems. Total pervious area (TPA) and others comprise 53.20% and 10.56% of the total area, respectively. TIA recorded by field assessment (36.23%) was considerably higher than that calculated from the available land use map (22%). From the analysis of recoded data, it is observed that the average percentage of connectivity (% DCIA with respect to TIA) is 60.31 %. The analysis also reveals that the observed DCIA lies below the line of optimal impervious surface connectivity for a sub-urban area provided by other investigators and which indicate the probable reason of water logging conditions in many parts of the study area during monsoon period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drainage" title="Drainage">Drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imperviousness" title=" imperviousness"> imperviousness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runoff" title=" runoff"> runoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storm%20water." title=" storm water. "> storm water. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32749/urban-impervious-and-its-impact-on-storm-water-drainage-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17787</span> Clogging Reduction Design Factor for Geosynthetics Used in Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems and Roads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaime%20Carpio-Garc%C3%ADa">Jaime Carpio-García</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Blanco-Fern%C3%A1ndez"> Elena Blanco-Fernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20Gonz%C3%A1lez-Fern%C3%A1ndez"> Javier González-Fernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Castro-Fresno"> Daniel Castro-Fresno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) are more often used in order to prevent floods, water treatment, fight against pollution, urban heat island effect, and global warming in applications like green roofs, permeable pavements, and others. Furthermore, geosynthetics are also worldwide used as a part of drainage systems in road construction. Geotextiles are an essential part of both, and one of the main geotextile properties in those applications is permeability, whose behavior is not well established along its service life. In this paper, clogging reduction design factors for an estimated service life of 25 years are experimentally obtained for five different geotextiles used in SUDS and roads combined with two different soils and with two pollutants, motor oil, and lime, in order to evaluate chemical clogging, too. The effect of characteristic opening size and other characteristics of the geosynthetics are also discussed in order to give civil engineers, together with the clogging reduction factors, a better long-time design of geotextiles used in their SUDS and roads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotextiles" title="geotextiles">geotextiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage" title=" drainage"> drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clogging" title=" clogging"> clogging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduction%20factor" title=" reduction factor"> reduction factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170353/clogging-reduction-design-factor-for-geosynthetics-used-in-sustainable-urban-drainage-systems-and-roads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17786</span> Current Drainage Attack Correction via Adjusting the Attacking Saw-Function Asymmetry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20Boiko">Yuri Boiko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iluju%20Kiringa"> Iluju Kiringa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tet%20Yeap"> Tet Yeap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current drainage attack suggested previously is further studied in regular settings of closed-loop controlled Brushless DC (BLDC) motor with Kalman filter in the feedback loop. Modeling and simulation experiments are conducted in a Matlab environment, implementing the closed-loop control model of BLDC motor operation in position sensorless mode under Kalman filter drive. The current increase in the motor windings is caused by the controller (p-controller in our case) affected by false data injection of substitution of the angular velocity estimates with distorted values. Operation of multiplication to distortion coefficient, values of which are taken from the distortion function synchronized in its periodicity with the rotor’s position change. A saw function with a triangular tooth shape is studied herewith for the purpose of carrying out the bias injection with current drainage consequences. The specific focus here is on how the asymmetry of the tooth in the saw function affects the flow of current drainage. The purpose is two-fold: (i) to produce and collect the signature of an asymmetric saw in the attack for further pattern recognition process, and (ii) to determine conditions of improving stealthiness of such attack via regulating asymmetry in saw function used. It is found that modification of the symmetry in the saw tooth affects the periodicity of current drainage modulation. Specifically, the modulation frequency of the drained current for a fully asymmetric tooth shape coincides with the saw function modulation frequency itself. Increasing the symmetry parameter for the triangle tooth shape leads to an increase in the modulation frequency for the drained current. Moreover, such frequency reaches the switching frequency of the motor windings for fully symmetric triangular shapes, thus becoming undetectable and improving the stealthiness of the attack. Therefore, the collected signatures of the attack can serve for attack parameter identification via the pattern recognition route. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bias%20injection%20attack" title="bias injection attack">bias injection attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BLDC%20motor" title=" BLDC motor"> BLDC motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20system" title=" control system"> control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed%20loop" title=" closed loop"> closed loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P-controller" title=" P-controller"> P-controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID-controller" title=" PID-controller"> PID-controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20drainage" title=" current drainage"> current drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saw-function" title=" saw-function"> saw-function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetry" title=" asymmetry"> asymmetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161313/current-drainage-attack-correction-via-adjusting-the-attacking-saw-function-asymmetry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17785</span> Mitigation Measures for the Acid Mine Drainage Emanating from the Sabie Goldfield: Case Study of the Nestor Mine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudzani%20Lusunzi">Rudzani Lusunzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frans%20Waanders"> Frans Waanders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elvis%20Fosso-Kankeu"> Elvis Fosso-Kankeu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Khashane%20Netshitungulwana"> Robert Khashane Netshitungulwana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Sabie Goldfield has a history of gold mining dating back more than a century. Acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Nestor mine tailings storage facility (MTSF) poses a serious threat to the nearby ecosystem, specifically the Sabie River system. This study aims at developing mitigation measures for the AMD emanating from the Nestor MTSF using materials from the Glynns Lydenburg MTSF. The Nestor MTSF (NM) and the Glynns Lydenburg MTSF (GM) each provided about 20 kg of bulk composite samples. Using samples from the Nestor MTSF and the Glynns Lydenburg MTSF, two mixtures were created. MIX-A is a mixture that contains 25% weight percent (GM) and 75% weight percent (NM). MIX-B is the name given to the second mixture, which contains 50% AN and 50% AG. The same static test, i.e., acid–base accounting (ABA), net acid generation (NAG), and acid buffering characteristics curve (ABCC) was used to estimate the acid-generating probabilities of samples NM and GM for MIX-A and MIX-B. Furthermore, the mineralogy of the Nestor MTSF samples consists of the primary acid-producing mineral pyrite as well as the secondary minerals ferricopiapite and jarosite, which are common in acidic conditions. The Glynns Lydenburg MTSF samples, on the other hand, contain primary acid-neutralizing minerals calcite and dolomite. Based on the assessment conducted, materials from the Glynns Lydenburg are capable of neutralizing AMD from Nestor MTSF. Therefore, the alkaline tailings materials from the Glynns Lydenburg MTSF can be used to rehabilitate the acidic Nestor MTSF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nestor%20Mine" title="Nestor Mine">Nestor Mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20mine%20drainage" title=" acid mine drainage"> acid mine drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation" title=" mitigation"> mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabie%20River%20system" title=" Sabie River system"> Sabie River system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165950/mitigation-measures-for-the-acid-mine-drainage-emanating-from-the-sabie-goldfield-case-study-of-the-nestor-mine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17784</span> Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning for Urban Drainage Infrastructure Asset Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thewodros%20K.%20Geberemariam">Thewodros K. Geberemariam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid physical expansion of urbanization coupled with aging infrastructure presents a unique decision and management challenges for many big city municipalities. Cities must therefore upgrade and maintain the existing aging urban drainage infrastructure systems to keep up with the demands. Given the overall contribution of assets to municipal revenue and the importance of infrastructure to the success of a livable city, many municipalities are currently looking for a robust and smart urban drainage infrastructure asset management solution that combines management, financial, engineering and technical practices. This robust decision-making shall rely on sound, complete, current and relevant data that enables asset valuation, impairment testing, lifecycle modeling, and forecasting across the multiple asset portfolios. On this paper, predictive computational intelligence (CI) and multi-class machine learning (ML) coupled with online, offline, and historical record data that are collected from an array of multi-parameter sensors are used for the extraction of different operational and non-conforming patterns hidden in structured and unstructured data to determine and produce actionable insight on the current and future states of the network. This paper aims to improve the strategic decision-making process by identifying all possible alternatives; evaluate the risk of each alternative, and choose the alternative most likely to attain the required goal in a cost-effective manner using historical and near real-time urban drainage infrastructure data for urban drainage infrastructures assets that have previously not benefited from computational intelligence and machine learning advancements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20intelligence" title="computational intelligence">computational intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20drainage%20infrastructure" title=" urban drainage infrastructure"> urban drainage infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asset%20management%20space" title=" asset management space"> asset management space</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101796/computational-intelligence-and-machine-learning-for-urban-drainage-infrastructure-asset-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li 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