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Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III" title="Malcolm III – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Malcolm III" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melcolm_III_Scotta_Cyning" title="Melcolm III Scotta Cyning – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Melcolm III Scotta Cyning" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB" title="مالكوم الثالث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مالكوم الثالث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_3-s%C3%A8_(So%CD%98-kat-l%C3%A2n)" title="Malcolm 3-sè (So͘-kat-lân) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Malcolm 3-sè (So͘-kat-lân)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_III" title="Малькальм III – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Малькальм III" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_d%27Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Malcolm III d'Escòcia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Malcolm III d'Escòcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III." title="Malcolm III. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Malcolm III." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_3._af_Skotland" title="Malcolm 3. af Skotland – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Malcolm 3. af Skotland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III." title="Malcolm III. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Malcolm III." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BC_%CE%93%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%BA%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Μάλκολμ Γ΄ της Σκωτίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάλκολμ Γ΄ της Σκωτίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm III of Scotland – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Malcolm III of Scotland" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_de_Escocia" title="Malcolm III de Escocia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Malcolm III de Escocia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malkolmo_la_3-a" title="Malkolmo la 3-a – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malkolmo la 3-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III.a_Eskoziakoa" title="Malcolm III.a Eskoziakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Malcolm III.a Eskoziakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="مالکوم سوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مالکوم سوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III" title="Malcolm III – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Malcolm III" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mylecholumb_III_ny_h-Albey" title="Mylecholumb III ny h-Albey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Mylecholumb III ny h-Albey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_de_Escocia" title="Malcolm III de Escocia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Malcolm III de Escocia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90_%EC%BD%9C%EB%A3%B8_3%EC%84%B8_%EB%A7%89_%EB%8F%88%EC%B9%B4%EB%8B%A4" title="말 콜룸 3세 막 돈카다 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말 콜룸 3세 막 돈카다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D6%84%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B4_III_(%D5%87%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80)" title="Մալքոլմ III (Շոտլանդիայի թագավոր) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մալքոլմ III (Շոտլանդիայի թագավոր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A5%A9" title="माल्कम ३ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="माल्कम ३" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III." title="Malcolm III. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Malcolm III." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Coluim_III" title="Máel Coluim III – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Máel Coluim III" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_di_Scozia" title="Malcolm III di Scozia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Malcolm III di Scozia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="מלקולם השלישי, מלך סקוטלנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלקולם השלישי, מלך סקוטלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_III_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Малькольм III Кэнмор – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Малькольм III Кэнмор" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milcolumbus_III_(rex_Scotiae)" title="Milcolumbus III (rex Scotiae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Milcolumbus III (rex Scotiae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Malcolm_sk%C3%B3t_kir%C3%A1ly" title="III. Malcolm skót király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="III. Malcolm skót király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="مالكوم التالت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مالكوم التالت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_van_Schotland" title="Malcolm III van Schotland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Malcolm III van Schotland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A03%E4%B8%96_(%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E7%8E%8B)" title="マルカム3世 (スコットランド王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マルカム3世 (スコットランド王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_av_Skottland" title="Malcolm III av Skottland – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Malcolm III av Skottland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III" title="Malcolm III – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malcolm III" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_da_Esc%C3%B3cia" title="Malcolm III da Escócia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Malcolm III da Escócia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_al_III-lea_al_Sco%C8%9Biei" title="Malcolm al III-lea al Scoției – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Malcolm al III-lea al Scoției" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_III" title="Малькольм III – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Малькольм III" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A5%A9" title="माल्कम ३ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="माल्कम ३" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_o_Scotland" title="Malcolm III o Scotland – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Malcolm III o Scotland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC_III_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Малколм III Шкотски – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Малколм III Шкотски" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_od_%C5%A0kotske" title="Malcolm III od Škotske – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Malcolm III od Škotske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III" title="Malcolm III – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Malcolm III" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malkolm_III_av_Skottland" title="Malkolm III av Skottland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Malkolm III av Skottland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._M%C3%A1el_Coluim" title="III. Máel Coluim – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="III. Máel Coluim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_III_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%97)" title="Малкольм III (король Шотландії) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Малкольм III (король Шотландії)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_c%E1%BB%A7a_Scotland" title="Malcolm III của Scotland – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Malcolm III của Scotland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E5%A7%86%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="马尔科姆三世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马尔科姆三世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q68508#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; font-size: 125%">Malcolm III</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>King of Scots</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_and_Malcolm_Canmore_(Wm_Hole).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Margaret_and_Malcolm_Canmore_%28Wm_Hole%29.JPG/220px-Margaret_and_Malcolm_Canmore_%28Wm_Hole%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Margaret_and_Malcolm_Canmore_%28Wm_Hole%29.JPG/330px-Margaret_and_Malcolm_Canmore_%28Wm_Hole%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Margaret_and_Malcolm_Canmore_%28Wm_Hole%29.JPG/440px-Margaret_and_Malcolm_Canmore_%28Wm_Hole%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1057 – 1093</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10 April 1057</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Macbeth_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Macbeth of Scotland">Macbeth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_III_of_Scotland" title="Donald III of Scotland">Donald III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">26 March 1031<br /><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1093-11-13</span>)</span>November 13, 1093<br /><a href="/wiki/Alnwick" title="Alnwick">Alnwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Tynemouth" title="Tynemouth">Tynemouth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9640852">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingibiorg_Finnsdottir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingibiorg Finnsdottir (not yet started)">Ingibiorg Finnsdottir</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1066; died 1069)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9640852"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland" title="Saint Margaret of Scotland">Margaret of Wessex</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1070)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Issue</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_II_of_Scotland" title="Duncan II of Scotland">Duncan II of Scotland</a></li> <li>Domnall</li> <li>Malcolm</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward,_Prince_of_Scots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward, Prince of Scots (not yet started)">Edward, Prince of Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund,_King_of_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund, King of Scotland (not yet started)">Edmund, King of Scotland</a></li> <li>Ethelred, Abbot of Dunkeld</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar of Scotland">Edgar of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Scotland" title="Alexander I of Scotland">Alexander I of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland" title="Matilda of Scotland">Matilda, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland" title="David I of Scotland">David I of Scotland</a></li> <li>Mary, Countess of Boulogne</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Dunkeld" title="House of Dunkeld">Dunkeld</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Duncan_I" title="Duncan I">Duncan I of Scotland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suthen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suthen (not yet started)">Suthen</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Malcolm III</b> of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> (also called <b>Malcolm Canmore</b>), <a href="/wiki/Scottish_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish monarchs">King of Scots</a> was the first of a <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/King" title="King">kings</a> who ruled <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> for over two <a href="/wiki/Century" title="Century">centuries</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_III_of_Scotland&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Career" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_III_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Career"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malcolm was born in 1031, the son of king <a href="/wiki/Duncan_I_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Duncan I of Scotland">Duncan I of Scotland</a> and his wife; a cousin of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siward,_Earl_of_Northumberland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siward, Earl of Northumberland (not yet started)">Siward, Earl of Northumberland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul1.2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul1.2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When his father was killed in 1040 Malcolm did not <a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">succeed</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a>. At the time the system <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/alternate" class="extiw" title="wikt:alternate">alternated</a> between different lines of the same royal family.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So the king chosen from a different royal line was <a href="/wiki/Macbeth,_King_of_Scotland" title="Macbeth, King of Scotland">Macbeth</a>, who had killed Duncan I in battle.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackie33_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackie33-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malcolm killed Macbeth in battle in 1057, but <a href="/wiki/Lulach" title="Lulach">Lulach</a>, Macbeth's <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/stepson" class="extiw" title="wikt:stepson">stepson</a> was selected as king.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackie34_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackie34-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Mackie33_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackie33-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This broke the pattern of alternate selection.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackie34_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackie34-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lulach ruled only ruled a few months until he was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie106_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie106-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malcolm finally succeeded Lulach and changed the succession to his own sons and their <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/descendant" class="extiw" title="wikt:descendant">descendants</a>. This made Scotland like other European countries in keeping the same dynasty on the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie106_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie106-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="King_of_Scots">King of Scots</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_III_of_Scotland&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: King of Scots" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_III_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: King of Scots"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malcolm was in his late twenties when he finally became king.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malcolm would lead a total of five <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/raid" class="extiw" title="wikt:raid">raids</a> into England starting in 1061.<sup id="cite_ref-Clare2362_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clare2362-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Conquest of England">Norman Conquest of England</a> caused many to leave England. Malcolm welcomed several into Scotland. These included <a href="/wiki/Edgar_the_Atheling" title="Edgar the Atheling">Edgar Atheling</a>, his sisters Margaret and Christina as well as their mother.<sup id="cite_ref-Clare2362_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clare2362-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raised at the court of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_I_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen I of Hungary (not yet started)">St. Stephen of Hungary</a> she was beautiful, wise, and very religious.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie126_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie126-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malcolm was at once taken with her and asked her to marry him. She said no because she and her sister were going to be <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nuns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie126_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie126-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But after a time she finally accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie126_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie126-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By his marriage to Margaret he gained an interest in the English throne.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackie35_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackie35-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edgar Atheling joined the <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/uprising" class="extiw" title="wikt:uprising">uprising</a> in the North of England in 1069 but it failed. <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a> <a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">sacked</a> York as punishment. Malcolm joined in but too late as Edgar left England on a <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> ship.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie127_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie127-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malcolm had long claimed Cumbria and Northumberland and made another raid on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamburgh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bamburgh (not yet started)">Bamburgh</a>. He took so many <a href="/wiki/Prisoner" title="Prisoner">captives</a> that it was said there was an English slave in every house in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie127_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie127-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1071 William came north with a large army. He came as far as Abernethy but Malcolm wanted peace.<sup id="cite_ref-Clare2362_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clare2362-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William agreed to give him twelve English manors and pay a yearly fee. Malcolm had to give his son Malcolm as a hostage but this made him a <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassal</a> of the English king.<sup id="cite_ref-Clare2362_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clare2362-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edgar Atheling returned to Scotland the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie129_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie129-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had been offered land on the <a href="/wiki/Border" title="Border">border</a> near <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> by the French king. Malcolm told him to take it and settle down.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie129_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie129-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then gave Edgar gold and silver and sent him off to live in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. But Edgar soon returned having been shipwrecked on his journey.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie129_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie129-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This time Malcolm advised him to make peace with king William of England. Edgar did and received a castle as a residence in England.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie129_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie129-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1079 William and his son Robert were fighting in Normandy. Malcolm raided into England again being welcomed in Northumberland.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie129_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie129-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But William sent his brother Odo, Bishop of Bayeux north to punish Northumberland and Robert to raid into Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie129_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie129-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once more Robert and Malcolm settled their differences and were at peace again. In 1092, during the reign of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiliam_II_of_England&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiliam II of England (not yet started)">William Rufus</a> Malcolm raided England yet again. Peace was again renewed with <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_England" title="William II of England">William Rufus</a>. But William failed in one of his promises to Malcolm, so in 1093 the Scots invaded England again.<sup id="cite_ref-Clare2363_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clare2363-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This time Malcolm III died while fighting at Alnwick Castle. His son Edward died there also.<sup id="cite_ref-Clare2363_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clare2363-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Margaret, his queen died of grief after hearing the news of the death of her husband and their son.<sup id="cite_ref-Clare2363_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clare2363-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_III_of_Scotland&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Family" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_III_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Family"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About 1059 he married Ingibjorg, the widow of Thorfinn Sigurdson, Earl of Orkney. She was the daughter of Earl Finn Arnason.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together they had: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_II_of_Scotland" title="Duncan II of Scotland">Duncan</a>, eventually succeeded his father as king Duncan II.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Donald, (died 1085).<sup id="cite_ref-Paul2_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>He married secondly <a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland" title="Saint Margaret of Scotland">Margaret of Wessex</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1068</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul2_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had eight children; six sons and two daughters, including: </p> <ul><li>Edward (died 1093).<sup id="cite_ref-Paul2_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Edmund, Prince of Cumbria and later a monk.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul2_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ethelred, Earl of Fife and abbot of Dunkeld.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul2_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar of Scotland">Edgar of Scotland</a>, afterwards king.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul2_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Scotland" title="Alexander I of Scotland">Alexander</a>, later king of Scots as Alexander I.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul2_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland" title="David I of Scotland">David</a>, later king of Scots as David I.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul2_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland" title="Matilda of Scotland">Matilda</a>, married <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul2_14-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mary, married (1102) to Eustace, Count of Boulogne. Their daughter, Matilda, was the wife of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_England" title="Stephen of England">Stephen</a>, king of England.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul2_14-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_III_of_Scotland&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_III_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Notes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scotland had an unusual system of <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/select" class="extiw" title="wikt:select">selecting</a> the next king. Instead of a dynasty (members of the same family succeeding one another) they alternated between different royal families. Kings were selected from a group called the ‘derbfine.’ Anyone whose father, <a href="/wiki/Grandfather" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandfather">grandfather</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Great-grandfather&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great-grandfather (not yet started)">great-grandfather</a> had been a king in Scotland was a member. The next king was selected based on his age, the things he had done, and his <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_character&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moral character (not yet started)">character</a>. The selected <a href="/wiki/Heir" class="mw-redirect" title="Heir">heir</a> was called a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanist (not yet started)">tanist</a> and became the next king.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackie32.33_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackie32.33-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_III_of_Scotland&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_III_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724317"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Paul1.2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul1.2_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland</i>, ed. James Balfour Paul, Vol. I (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1904), pp. 1-2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackie32.33-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mackie32.33_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. D. Mackie, <i>A History of Scotland, Second Edition, ed. Bruce Lenman; Geoffrey Parker (London; New York: Penguin Books, 1978), pp. 32–33</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackie33-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackie33_4-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackie33_4-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">J. D. Mackie, <i>A History of Scotland, Second Edition, ed. Bruce Lenman; Geoffrey Parker (London; New York: Penguin Books, 1978), p 33</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackie34-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackie34_5-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackie34_5-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">J. D. Mackie, <i>A History of Scotland, Second Edition, ed. Bruce Lenman; Geoffrey Parker (London; New York: Penguin Books, 1978), p 34</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackenzie106-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie106_6-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie106_6-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Agnes Mure Mackenzie, <i>The Foundations of Scotland</i> (London; Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, Ltd., 1938), p. 106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Agnes Mure Mackenzie, <i>The Foundations of Scotland</i> (London; Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, Ltd., 1938), p. 120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clare2362-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clare2362_8-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clare2362_8-1">7.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clare2362_8-2">7.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clare2362_8-3">7.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Israel Smith Clare, <i>Library of Universal History</i>, Vol. VII: Mediæval history (New York; Chicago: Union Book Co., 1906), p. 2362</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackenzie126-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie126_9-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie126_9-1">8.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie126_9-2">8.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Agnes Mure Mackenzie, <i>The Foundations of Scotland</i> (London; Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, Ltd., 1938), p. 126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackie35-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mackie35_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. D. Mackie, <i>A History of Scotland, Second Edition</i>, ed. Bruce Lenman; Geoffrey Parker (London; New York: Penguin Books, 1978), p 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackenzie127-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie127_11-0">10.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie127_11-1">10.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Agnes Mure Mackenzie, <i>The Foundations of Scotland</i> (London; Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, Ltd., 1938), p. 127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackenzie129-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie129_12-0">11.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie129_12-1">11.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie129_12-2">11.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie129_12-3">11.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie129_12-4">11.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie129_12-5">11.5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Agnes Mure Mackenzie, <i>The Foundations of Scotland</i> (London; Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, Ltd., 1938), p. 129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clare2363-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clare2363_13-0">12.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clare2363_13-1">12.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clare2363_13-2">12.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Israel Smith Clare, <i>Library of Universal History</i>, Vol. VII: Mediæval history (New York; Chicago: Union Book Co., 1906), p. 2363</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Paul2_14-0">13.00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Paul2_14-1">13.01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Paul2_14-2">13.02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Paul2_14-3">13.03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Paul2_14-4">13.04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Paul2_14-5">13.05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Paul2_14-6">13.06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Paul2_14-7">13.07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Paul2_14-8">13.08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Paul2_14-9">13.09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Paul2_14-10">13.10</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Paul2_14-11">13.11</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland</i>, ed. James Balfour Paul, Vol. I (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1904), p. 2</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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Interregnum</a></i>  • <a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_Scotland" title="Robert I of Scotland">Robert I <i>the Bruce</i></a>  • <a href="/wiki/David_II_of_Scotland" title="David II of Scotland">David II</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland" title="Robert II of Scotland">Robert II</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Robert_III_of_Scotland" title="Robert III of Scotland">Robert III</a>  • <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Scotland" title="James I of Scotland">James I</a>  • <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Scotland" title="James II of Scotland">James II</a>  • <a href="/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland" title="James III of Scotland">James III</a>  • <a href="/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland" title="James IV of Scotland">James IV</a>  • <a href="/wiki/James_V_of_Scotland" title="James V of Scotland">James V</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>  • <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles 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