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<span>Effekter</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Effekter-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Effekter</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Effekter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sympatiska_nervsystemet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sympatiska_nervsystemet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sympatiska nervsystemet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sympatiska_nervsystemet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centrala_nervsystemet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centrala_nervsystemet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Centrala nervsystemet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centrala_nervsystemet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interaktioner_med_andra_hormoner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interaktioner_med_andra_hormoner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Interaktioner med andra hormoner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interaktioner_med_andra_hormoner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Källor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Källor</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Noradrenalin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 61 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A5%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86" title="نورإبينفرين – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نورإبينفرين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Noradrenalin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A6%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="نورئپینئفرین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نورئپینئفرین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Норадрэналін – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Норадрэналін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Норадреналин – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Норадреналин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norepinefrin" title="Norepinefrin – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Norepinefrin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalina" title="Noradrenalina – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Noradrenalina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Noradrenalin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norepineffrin" title="Norepineffrin – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Norepineffrin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Noradrenalin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Noradrenalin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%82%DE%AF%DE%87%DE%AC%DE%91%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ނޯއެޑްރެނަލިން – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ނޯއެޑްރެނަލިން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenaliin" title="Noradrenaliin – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Noradrenaliin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%86%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Νορεπινεφρίνη – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νορεπινεφρίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Norepinephrine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalina" title="Noradrenalina – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Noradrenalina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalino" title="Noradrenalino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Noradrenalino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalina" title="Noradrenalina – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Noradrenalina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="نوراپی‌نفرین – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوراپی‌نفرین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradr%C3%A9naline" title="Noradrénaline – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Noradrénaline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noraidr%C3%A9anail%C3%ADn" title="Noraidréanailín – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Noraidréanailín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalina" title="Noradrenalina – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Noradrenalina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%A5%B4%EC%97%90%ED%94%BC%EB%84%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A6%B0" title="노르에피네프린 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노르에피네프린" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Նորադրենալին – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նորադրենալին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Noradrenalin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Noradrenalin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenal%C3%ADn" title="Noradrenalín – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Noradrenalín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalina" title="Noradrenalina – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Noradrenalina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="נוראדרנלין – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נוראדרנלין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="نورایپینیفرین – kashmiriska" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نورایپینیفرین" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Норадреналин – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Норадреналин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalina" title="Noradrenalina – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Noradrenalina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenal%C4%ABns" title="Noradrenalīns – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Noradrenalīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalinas" title="Noradrenalinas – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Noradrenalinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Noradrenalin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Норадреналин – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Норадреналин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="നോർ അഡ്രിനാലിൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നോർ അഡ്രിനാലിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norepinefrina" title="Norepinefrina – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Norepinefrina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenaline" title="Noradrenaline – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noradrenaline" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="ノルアドレナリン – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノルアドレナリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Noradrenalin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8" title="ନର୍‌ଏପିନେଫ୍ରିନ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନର୍‌ଏପିନେଫ୍ରିନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Noradrenalin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalina" title="Noradrenalina – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Noradrenalina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalina" title="Noradrenalina – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Noradrenalina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalin%C4%83" title="Noradrenalină – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Noradrenalină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Норадреналин – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Норадреналин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalina" title="Noradrenalina – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Noradrenalina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenal%C3%ADn" title="Noradrenalín – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Noradrenalín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Noradrenalin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Норадреналин – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Норадреналин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Noradrenalin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%A9pin%C3%A9frin" title="Norépinéfrin – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Norépinéfrin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenaliini" title="Noradrenaliini – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Noradrenaliini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="நார்எபிநெப்ரின் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நார்எபிநெப்ரின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="นอร์เอพิเนฟรีน – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นอร์เอพิเนฟรีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Noradrenalin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Норадреналін – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Норадреналін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Noradrenalin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered 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th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px; max-width:24em;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background:#F8EABA;">Noradrenalin</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Noradrenalin_-_Noradrenaline.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Strukturformel för Noradrenalin."><img alt="Strukturformel för Noradrenalin." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Noradrenalin_-_Noradrenaline.svg/100px-Noradrenalin_-_Noradrenaline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Noradrenalin_-_Noradrenaline.svg/150px-Noradrenalin_-_Noradrenaline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Noradrenalin_-_Noradrenaline.svg/200px-Noradrenalin_-_Noradrenaline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="137" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Norepinephrine-3d-CPK.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Noradrenalin 3-D molekylstruktur"><img alt="Noradrenalin 3-D molekylstruktur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Norepinephrine-3d-CPK.png/100px-Norepinephrine-3d-CPK.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Norepinephrine-3d-CPK.png/150px-Norepinephrine-3d-CPK.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Norepinephrine-3d-CPK.png/200px-Norepinephrine-3d-CPK.png 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="641" /></a></span><hr /> </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Systematiskt_namn" title="Systematiskt namn">Systematiskt namn</a></th><td class="" style="">4-[(1<i>R</i>)-2-amino-1-hydroxietyl]bensen-1,2-diol</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/CAS-nummer" title="CAS-nummer">CAS-nummer</a></th><td class="" style="">51-41-2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#F8EABA;">Faror</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Risk" title="Risk">Huvudfara</a></th><td class="" style=""><div style="margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hazard_X.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hälsovådlig"><img alt="Hälsovådlig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hazard_X.svg/40px-Hazard_X.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hazard_X.svg/60px-Hazard_X.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hazard_X.svg/80px-Hazard_X.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> Hälsovådlig</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#F8EABA;" class=""><small><a href="/wiki/SI-enhet" title="SI-enhet">SI-enheter</a> & <a href="/wiki/Standardtryck_och_standardtemperatur" title="Standardtryck och standardtemperatur">STP</a> används om ej annat angivits</small></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Noradrenalin</b>, även benämnd <b>norepinefrin</b>, är en <a href="/wiki/Signalsubstans" title="Signalsubstans">signalsubstans</a>, men även ett blodburet <a href="/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon">hormon</a>. Det är dessutom ett förstadium till <a href="/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin">adrenalin</a>, vilket antyds i namnet. Noradrenalin är en form av <a href="/wiki/Katekolamin" title="Katekolamin">katekolamin</a>. Det är den viktigaste <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmittor" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotransmittor">neurotransmittorn</a> i det <a href="/wiki/Sympatiska_nervsystemet" title="Sympatiska nervsystemet">sympatiska nervsystemet</a> och räknas som ett <a href="/wiki/Stresshormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Stresshormon">stresshormon</a> eftersom det ingår i <a href="/wiki/Stressaxeln" title="Stressaxeln">stressaxeln</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biokemi">Biokemi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biokemi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biokemi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noradrenalin bildas genom att <a href="/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym">enzymet</a> <a href="/wiki/Dopamin-beta-hydroxylas" title="Dopamin-beta-hydroxylas">dopamin-beta-hydroxylas</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydroxylering" title="Hydroxylering">hydroxylerar</a> <a href="/wiki/Dopamin" title="Dopamin">dopamin</a>. Syntesen sker framför allt i <a href="/wiki/Neuroendokrina_celler" title="Neuroendokrina celler">neuroendokrina celler</a> i <a href="/wiki/Binjurem%C3%A4rgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Binjuremärgen">binjuremärgen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Chris_P._Ponting_2001_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chris_P._Ponting_2001-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men också i en kärna i <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4rnstammen" title="Hjärnstammen">hjärnstammen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Locus_coeruleus" title="Locus coeruleus">locus coeruleus</a> och <a href="/wiki/Mitthj%C3%A4rnan" title="Mitthjärnan">tegmentum</a>. Enzymet som noradrenalinsyntesen är beroende av, bildas av bl.a. <a href="/wiki/Koppar" title="Koppar">koppar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och <a href="/wiki/Askorbinsyra" title="Askorbinsyra">askorbat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chris_P._Ponting_2001_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chris_P._Ponting_2001-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det noradrenalin som bildas i binjuremärgen kan antingen ombildas till adrenalin, eller insöndras i blodet och fungera som hormon när det fäster på <a href="/wiki/Adrenerga_receptorer" title="Adrenerga receptorer">adrenerga receptorer</a> i målceller, huvudsakligen i <a href="/wiki/Sympatiska_nervsystemet" title="Sympatiska nervsystemet">sympatiska nervsystemet</a>. Det noradrenalin som bildas i locus coeruleus och tegmentum kommer i stället att verka i det så kallade noradrenerga systemet, vilket är ett system i <a href="/wiki/Centrala_nervsystemet" title="Centrala nervsystemet">centrala nervsystemet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effekter">Effekter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Effekter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Effekter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det utsöndras bland annat i betydligt mindre mängd än <a href="/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin">adrenalin</a> från <a href="/wiki/Binjurem%C3%A4rgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Binjuremärgen">binjuremärgen</a>, men är den viktigaste <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmittor" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotransmittor">neurotransmittorn</a> i det <a href="/wiki/Sympatiska_nervsystemet" title="Sympatiska nervsystemet">sympatiska nervsystemet</a>. Sympatiska nerver som går från <a href="/wiki/Centrala_nervsystemet" title="Centrala nervsystemet">centrala nervsystemet</a> till <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4rta" title="Hjärta">hjärta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blodk%C3%A4rl" title="Blodkärl">blodkärl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Njurar" class="mw-redirect" title="Njurar">njurar</a> och andra <a href="/wiki/Organ" title="Organ">organ</a> använder noradrenalin som <a href="/wiki/Signalsubstans" title="Signalsubstans">signalsubstans</a>. </p><p>Utsöndring av noradrenalin sker vid <a href="/wiki/Flykt-_och_kamprespons" title="Flykt- och kamprespons">flykt- och kamprespons</a> (<i>fight or flight</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sympatiska_nervsystemet">Sympatiska nervsystemet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Sympatiska nervsystemet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Sympatiska nervsystemet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noradrenalin binder till både <a href="/wiki/Adrenerga_receptorer" title="Adrenerga receptorer">alfa- och betaadrenerga receptorer</a>, men har mycket större affinitet för de alfaadrenerga receptorerna. När noradrenalin binder till receptorerna i hjärtat, får den en rad prestandahöjande effekter på hjärtmuskulaturen. Bland annat ökar <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4rtfrekvens" title="Hjärtfrekvens">hjärtfrekvensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slagvolym" title="Slagvolym">slagvolymen</a> och <a href="/wiki/Kontraktilitet" title="Kontraktilitet">kontraktiliteten</a> (hjärtmuskulaturens kontraktionskraft). Blodkärl stimuleras till sammandragning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centrala_nervsystemet">Centrala nervsystemet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Centrala nervsystemet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Centrala nervsystemet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neurologiskt har noradrenalin betydelse främst när det gäller vakenhet, aktivitet, uppmärksamhet och vid <a href="/wiki/Depression" title="Depression">depressioner</a>. Noradrenerg aktivitet i <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4rnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hjärnan">hjärnan</a> anses vara sänkt hos människor som lider av <a href="/wiki/Depression" title="Depression">depression</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tricykliska_antidepressiva" title="Tricykliska antidepressiva">Tricykliska antidepressiva</a> ökar nivåerna av noradrenalin. Dock finns studier som tvärt om tyder på att gott humör och hög sinnesstämning korrelerar med låga nivåer noradrenalin,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i likhet med kontroversen om huruvida depression kan definieras som serotoninbrist. </p><p>Noradrenalin leder till ökad <a href="/wiki/Aggression" title="Aggression">aggression</a> hos hanråttor. Hos honråttor verkar det dock minska aggressionsnivån, och spelar en viss roll i utvecklingen av <a href="/wiki/Moder" title="Moder">moderskänslor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interaktioner_med_andra_hormoner">Interaktioner med andra hormoner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Interaktioner med andra hormoner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Interaktioner med andra hormoner"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noradrenalin stimulerar utsöndringen av <a href="/wiki/Luteiniserande_hormon" title="Luteiniserande hormon">luteiniserande hormon</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%96strogen" title="Östrogen">Östrogen</a> kan både stimulera och hämma utsöndring av noradrenalin i det noradrenerga systemet, där noradrenalinet som reaktion påverkar utsöndringen av <a href="/wiki/Gonadotropinfris%C3%A4ttande_hormon" title="Gonadotropinfrisättande hormon">gonadotropinfrisättande hormon</a>. Hur östrogenet och noradrenalinet påverkar varandra är beroende av var de verkar. <a href="/wiki/%C3%96strogenreceptorer" title="Östrogenreceptorer">Östrogenreceptorer</a> finns i noradrenerga nervceller, vilket troligen är platsen för den hämmande effekten. Värdena av noradrenalin och andra katekolaminer i centrala nervsystemet, kan därför påverka längden på <a href="/wiki/Fertilitet" title="Fertilitet">reproduktiva tiden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noradrenalin ökar mottagligheten för <a href="/wiki/Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">oxytocin</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hippocampus" title="Hippocampus">hippocampus</a>, och är möjligen totalt sett viktigare än <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonin</a> beträffande utsöndringen av och aktiviteten på oxytocinet.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det finns studier som tyder på att noradrenalin deltar i den årstidsbundna <a href="/wiki/Termoreglering" title="Termoreglering">termoregleringen</a>, genom en interaktion med <a href="/wiki/Tyreoideahormoner" title="Tyreoideahormoner">tyreoideahormonerna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blodburna blodtrycksreglerande hormoner utsöndras, i respons på noradrenalin, från <a href="/wiki/Njurar" class="mw-redirect" title="Njurar">njurar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypofys" title="Hypofys">hypofys</a> och <a href="/wiki/Binjurar" class="mw-redirect" title="Binjurar">binjurar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Angiotensin" title="Angiotensin">angiotensin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renin" title="Renin">renin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldosteron" title="Aldosteron">aldosteron</a> och <a href="/wiki/ADH" class="mw-redirect" title="ADH">ADH</a>). Aktivering av <a href="/wiki/Renin%E2%80%93angiotensinsystemet" title="Renin–angiotensinsystemet">renin–angiotensinsystemet</a> leder likaså till utsöndring av noradrenalin.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I egenskap av stresshormon interagerar noradrenalin också med <a href="/wiki/Blodsocker" title="Blodsocker">blodsockervärdet</a> och <a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a>. Det används som <a href="/wiki/Vasokonstriktion" title="Vasokonstriktion">vasokonstriktor</a> vid <a href="/wiki/Hyperglykemi" title="Hyperglykemi">hyperglykemi</a> men ger <a href="/wiki/Insulinresistens" title="Insulinresistens">insulinresistens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I samband med höjt blodsocker (glukos) eller <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a> tenderar noradrenalin att ha ökats<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-ref_1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref_1-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Noradrenalin har även koppling till <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4rtrytm" class="mw-redirect" title="Hjärtrytm">hjärtrytm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ref_1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref_1-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monoaminer" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoaminer">Monoaminer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNRI" title="SNRI">SNRI</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D009638/norepinephrine">”Norepinefrin”</a>. <i><span><a href="/wiki/Svensk_MeSH" class="mw-redirect" title="Svensk MeSH">Svensk MeSH</a></span></i>. <a href="/wiki/Karolinska_Institutet" title="Karolinska Institutet">Karolinska Institutet</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D009638/norepinephrine">https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D009638/norepinephrine</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 januari 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Norepinefrin&rft.atitle=%5B%5BSvensk+MeSH%5D%5D&rft.pub=%5B%5BKarolinska+Institutet%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmesh.kib.ki.se%2Fterm%2FD009638%2Fnorepinephrine&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Noradrenalin"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Chris_P._Ponting_2001-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Chris_P._Ponting_2001_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chris_P._Ponting_2001_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Chris P. Ponting, Domain homologues of dopamine β-hydroxylase and ferric reductase: roles for iron metabolism in neurodegenerative disorders?, Hum. Mol. Genet. (2001) 10 (17): 1853-1858</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text">ELLEN F. WALLACE et al, Dopaminie--Hydroxylase: A Tetrameric Glycoprotein, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 70, No. 8, pp. 2253-2255,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text">B.H. Brummett et al, Positive Affect is Associated with Cardiovascular Reactivity, Norepinephrine Level, and Morning Rise in Salivary Cortisol, Psychophysiology. 2009 July; 46(4): 862–869.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Elizabeth Thomas Cox et al, Combined Norepinephrine/Serotonergic Reuptake Inhibition: Effects on Maternal Behavior, Aggression, and Oxytocin in the Rat, Front Psychiatry. 2011; 2: 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Badrinarayanan S. Kasturi et al, Chronic exposure to low levels of oestradiol-17β affects oestrous cyclicity, hypothalamic norepinephrine and serum luteinising hormone in young intact rats, J Neuroendocrinol. 2009 June; 21(6): 568–577</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence A. Palinkas et al, Effectiveness of thyroid supplement and tyrosine in Antarctica, International Journal of Circumpolar Health 66:5 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Christina J. Mackins et al, Cardiac mast cell–derived renin promotes local angiotensin formation, norepinephrine release, and arrhythmias in ischemia/reperfusion, J Clin Invest. 2006 April 3; 116(4): 1063–1070</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Khoury, N. and McGill, J. B. (2011), Reduction in insulin sensitivity following administration of the clinically used low-dose pressor, norepinephrine. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 27: 604–608</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818181725/https://www.cardiosmart.org/Healthwise/d003/23/d00323">”Arkiverade kopian”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cardiosmart.org/Healthwise/d003/23/d00323">originalet</a> den 18 augusti 2016<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818181725/https://www.cardiosmart.org/Healthwise/d003/23/d00323">https://web.archive.org/web/20160818181725/https://www.cardiosmart.org/Healthwise/d003/23/d00323</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 juli 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Arkiverade+kopian&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160818181725%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.cardiosmart.org%2FHealthwise%2Fd003%2F23%2Fd00323&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Noradrenalin"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.se/books?id=dMKoFySox7kC&pg=PA401&lpg=PA401&dq=norepinephrine+increased+in+diabetes&source=bl&ots=aMVtCXQHzR&sig=J5x0yXmehN5TeaSSe5yswP47DXs&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVhbqGzZ3OAhVjGZoKHZmdCkEQ6AEIaDAJ#v=onepage&q=norepinephrine%20increased%20in%20diabetes&f=false">https://books.google.se/books?id=dMKoFySox7kC&pg=PA401&lpg=PA401&dq=norepinephrine+increased+in+diabetes&source=bl&ots=aMVtCXQHzR&sig=J5x0yXmehN5TeaSSe5yswP47DXs&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVhbqGzZ3OAhVjGZoKHZmdCkEQ6AEIaDAJ#v=onepage&q=norepinephrine%20increased%20in%20diabetes&f=false</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref_1-11">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-ref_1_11-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ref_1_11-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161013053954/https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/osmotic-regulation-and-the-excretory-system-41/hormonal-control-of-osmoregulatory-functions-232/epinephrine-and-norepinephrine-867-12114/">”Arkiverade kopian”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/osmotic-regulation-and-the-excretory-system-41/hormonal-control-of-osmoregulatory-functions-232/epinephrine-and-norepinephrine-867-12114/">originalet</a> den 13 oktober 2016<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161013053954/https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/osmotic-regulation-and-the-excretory-system-41/hormonal-control-of-osmoregulatory-functions-232/epinephrine-and-norepinephrine-867-12114/">https://web.archive.org/web/20161013053954/https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/osmotic-regulation-and-the-excretory-system-41/hormonal-control-of-osmoregulatory-functions-232/epinephrine-and-norepinephrine-867-12114/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 30 september 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Arkiverade+kopian&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20161013053954%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.boundless.com%2Fbiology%2Ftextbooks%2Fboundless-biology-textbook%2Fosmotic-regulation-and-the-excretory-system-41%2Fhormonal-control-of-osmoregulatory-functions-232%2Fepinephrine-and-norepinephrine-867-12114%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Noradrenalin"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Norepinephrine">http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Norepinephrine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noradrenalin&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Norepinephrine" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Norepinephrine">Noradrenalin</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Norepinephrine" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Norepinephrine">Bilder & media</a></div></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks 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colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Hormoner" title="Mall:Hormoner"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Hormoner&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Endokrina_systemet" title="Endokrina systemet">Endokrina systemet</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon">Hormoner</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Peptidhormon" title="Peptidhormon">Peptidhormoner</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Steroidhormon" title="Steroidhormon">Steroidhormoner</a></i>)</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Hormonk%C3%B6rtlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hormonkörtlar">Hormonkörtlar</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypotalamus-hypofyssystemet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypotalamus-hypofyssystemet [inte skriven än]">Hypotalamus-<br />hypofys</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Hypotalamus" title="Hypotalamus">Hypotalamus</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gonadotropinfris%C3%A4ttande_hormon" title="Gonadotropinfrisättande hormon">GnRH</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tyreotropinfris%C3%A4ttande_hormon" title="Tyreotropinfrisättande hormon">TRH</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dopamin" title="Dopamin">Dopamin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kortikotropinfris%C3%A4ttande_hormon" title="Kortikotropinfrisättande hormon">CRH</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tillv%C3%A4xthormonfris%C3%A4ttande_hormon" title="Tillväxthormonfrisättande hormon">GHRH</a>/<a href="/wiki/Somatostatin" title="Somatostatin">Somatostatin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Melaninkoncentrerande_hormon" title="Melaninkoncentrerande hormon">Melaninkoncentrerande hormon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Prolaktinfris%C3%A4ttande_hormon" title="Prolaktinfrisättande hormon">PRLH</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Orexin" title="Orexin">Orexin</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Neurohypofysen" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurohypofysen">Neurohypofysen</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antidiuretiskt_hormon" title="Antidiuretiskt hormon">Antidiuretiskt hormon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">Oxytocin</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Adenohypofysen" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenohypofysen">Adenohypofysen</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Follikelstimulerande_hormon" title="Follikelstimulerande hormon">FSH</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Follikelstimulerande_hormon,_betaenhet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Follikelstimulerande hormon, betaenhet [inte skriven än]">FSHB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luteiniserande_hormon" title="Luteiniserande hormon">LH</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luteiniserande_hormon,_betaunderenhet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luteiniserande hormon, betaunderenhet [inte skriven än]">LHB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyreoideastimulerande_hormon" title="Tyreoideastimulerande hormon">TSH</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=TSHB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TSHB [inte skriven än]">TSHB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koriongonadotropin_alfa" class="mw-redirect" title="Koriongonadotropin alfa">CGA</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Prolaktin" title="Prolaktin">Prolaktin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Proopiomelanokortin" title="Proopiomelanokortin">POMC</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kortikotropinliknande_pars_intermedia-peptid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kortikotropinliknande pars intermedia-peptid [inte skriven än]">CLIP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adrenokortikotropiskt_hormon" title="Adrenokortikotropiskt hormon">ACTH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanocytstimulerande_hormon" title="Melanocytstimulerande hormon">MSH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endorfin" title="Endorfin">Endorfin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipotropin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipotropin [inte skriven än]">Lipotropin</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tillv%C3%A4xthormon" title="Tillväxthormon">Tillväxthormon</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/HPA-axeln" class="mw-redirect" title="HPA-axeln">HPA-axeln</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b> <a href="/wiki/Binjure" title="Binjure">Binjurebark</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Aldosteron" title="Aldosteron">Aldosteron</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kortisol" title="Kortisol">Kortisol</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosteron" title="Dehydroepiandrosteron">DHEA</a><br /><b> <a href="/wiki/Binjure" title="Binjure">Binjuremärg</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin">Adrenalin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Noradrenalin</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HPT-axeln&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HPT-axeln [inte skriven än]">HPT-axeln</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b> <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%B6ldk%C3%B6rtel" title="Sköldkörtel">Sköldkörtel</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Tyreoideahormoner" title="Tyreoideahormoner">Tyreoideahormoner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trijodtyronin" title="Trijodtyronin">T<sub>3</sub></a> och <a href="/wiki/Tyroxin" title="Tyroxin">T<sub>4</sub></a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kalcitonin" title="Kalcitonin">Kalcitonin</a><br /><b> <a href="/wiki/Bisk%C3%B6ldk%C3%B6rtlar" title="Bisköldkörtlar">Bisköldkörtlar</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bisk%C3%B6ldk%C3%B6rtelhormon" title="Bisköldkörtelhormon">PTH</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HPG-axeln&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HPG-axeln [inte skriven än]">HPG-axeln</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Testikel" title="Testikel">Testikel</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Testosteron" title="Testosteron">Testosteron</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anti-m%C3%BCllerskt_hormon" title="Anti-müllerskt hormon">AMH</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Inhibin" title="Inhibin">Inhibin</a> <p><b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%84ggstock" title="Äggstock">Äggstock</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96strogen" title="Östrogen">Östrogen</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%96stradiol" title="Östradiol">Östradiol</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Progesteron" title="Progesteron">Progesteron</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aktivin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktivin [inte skriven än]">Aktivin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Inhibin" title="Inhibin">Inhibin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Relaxin" title="Relaxin">Relaxin</a> (graviditet) </p> <b> <a href="/wiki/Moderkaka" title="Moderkaka">Placenta</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Humant_koriongonadotropin" title="Humant koriongonadotropin">hCG</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Placentalaktogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Placentalaktogen [inte skriven än]">HPL</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96striol" title="Östriol">Östriol</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Progesteron" title="Progesteron">Progesteron</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Spottkörtelaxeln</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b> <a href="/wiki/Bukspottk%C3%B6rtel" title="Bukspottkörtel">Bukspottkörtel</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Glukagon" title="Glukagon">Glukagon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">Insulin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amylin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amylin [inte skriven än]">Amylin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Somatostatin" title="Somatostatin">Somatostatin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pankreatisk_polypeptid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pankreatisk polypeptid [inte skriven än]">Pankreatisk polypeptid</a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Tallkottk%C3%B6rtel" title="Tallkottkörtel">Tallkottkörtel</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Melatonin" title="Melatonin">Melatonin</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Ickeendokrina körtlar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A4ss" title="Bräss">Bräss</a>:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tymosin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tymosin [inte skriven än]">Tymosin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tymopoietin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tymopoietin [inte skriven än]">Tymopoietin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thymulin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thymulin [inte skriven än]">Thymulin</a> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Mag-_och_tarmkanalen" title="Mag- och tarmkanalen">Mag- och tarmkanalen</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinala_hormoner" title="Gastrointestinala hormoner">Gastrointestinala hormoner</a>):<b> <a href="/wiki/Mags%C3%A4ck" title="Magsäck">Magsäck</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Gastrin" title="Gastrin">Gastrin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ghrelin" title="Ghrelin">Ghrelin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <b> <a href="/wiki/Tolvfingertarm" title="Tolvfingertarm">Tolvfingertarm</a>: </b> <a href="/wiki/Kolecystokinin" title="Kolecystokinin">CCK</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gastriskt_h%C3%A4mmande_hormon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gastriskt hämmande hormon [inte skriven än]">GIP</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sekretin" title="Sekretin">Sekretin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Motilin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motilin [inte skriven än]">Motilin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vasoaktiv_intestinal_peptid" title="Vasoaktiv intestinal peptid">VIP</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <b> <a href="/wiki/Krumtarm" title="Krumtarm">Krumtarm</a>: </b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glukagonliknande_peptider&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glukagonliknande peptider [inte skriven än]">Glukagonliknande peptider</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peptid_YY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peptid YY [inte skriven än]">Peptid YY</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Lever" title="Lever">Lever</a>/</b>annat: <a href="/wiki/Somatomediner" title="Somatomediner">Somatomediner</a> (A / IGF-2, B, C / IGF-1) </p><p><b> <a href="/wiki/Fettv%C3%A4vens_hormoner" title="Fettvävens hormoner">Fettvävnad</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Leptin" title="Leptin">Leptin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Adiponektin" title="Adiponektin">Adiponektin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Resistin" title="Resistin">Resistin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96stron" title="Östron">Östron</a> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nniskans_skelett" title="Människans skelett">Skelett</a>:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osteokalcin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osteokalcin [inte skriven än]">Osteokalcin</a> </p><p><b> <a href="/wiki/Njure" title="Njure">Njure</a>:</b> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juxtaglomerul%C3%A4r_apparat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juxtaglomerulär apparat [inte skriven än]">JGA</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Renin" title="Renin">Renin</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>peritubulära celler</i> (<a href="/wiki/Erytropoetin" title="Erytropoetin">EPO</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kalcitriol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalcitriol">Kalcitriol</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandiner" title="Prostaglandiner">Prostaglandiner</a> </p> <b> <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4rta" title="Hjärta">Hjärta</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Natriuretiska_peptider" title="Natriuretiska peptider">Natriuretiska peptider</a> (<a href="/wiki/Natriuretisk_f%C3%B6rmaksfaktor" title="Natriuretisk förmaksfaktor">ANP</a>, <a href="/wiki/B-typ_natriuretisk_peptid" title="B-typ natriuretisk peptid">BNP</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Signalsubstanser" title="Mall:Signalsubstanser"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Signalsubstanser&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Signalsubstans" title="Signalsubstans">Signalsubstanser</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Aminosyror" title="Aminosyror">Aminosyror</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alanin" title="Alanin">Alanin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Asparaginsyra" title="Asparaginsyra">Aspartat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cykloserin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cykloserin [inte skriven än]">Cykloserin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dimetylglycin" title="Dimetylglycin">DMG</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/GABA" title="GABA">GABA</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Glutaminsyra" title="Glutaminsyra">Glutaminsyra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Glycin" title="Glycin">Glycin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypotaurin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypotaurin [inte skriven än]">Hypotaurin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kynurensyra" title="Kynurensyra">Kynurensyra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Acetylaspartylglutamat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Acetylaspartylglutamat [inte skriven än]">NAAG</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metylglycin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metylglycin [inte skriven än]">NMG</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Serin" title="Serin">Serin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Taurin" title="Taurin">Taurin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Trimetylglycin" title="Trimetylglycin">TMG</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Endokannabinoider" title="Endokannabinoider">Endokannabinoider</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Arakidonoylglycerol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Arakidonoylglycerol [inte skriven än]">2-AG</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Arakidonylglyceryleter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Arakidonylglyceryleter [inte skriven än]">2-AGE</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anandamid" title="Anandamid">AEA</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Arakidonoyldopamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Arakidonoyldopamin [inte skriven än]">NADA</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=O-Arakidonoyletanolamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-Arakidonoyletanolamin [inte skriven än]">OAE</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleamid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oleamid [inte skriven än]">Oleamid</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmitoyletanolamid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmitoyletanolamid [inte skriven än]">PEA</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RVD-Hp%CE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RVD-Hpα [inte skriven än]">RVD-Hpα</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemopressin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemopressin [inte skriven än]">Hp</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasotransmittorer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gasotransmittorer [inte skriven än]">Gasotransmittorer</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kolmonoxid" title="Kolmonoxid">Kolmonoxid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Svavelv%C3%A4te" title="Svavelväte">Svavelväte</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A4veoxid" title="Kväveoxid">Kväveoxid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lustgas" title="Lustgas">Kväveoxidul</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Monoamin" title="Monoamin">Monoaminer</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dopamin" title="Dopamin">Dopamin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin">Adrenalin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Melatonin" title="Melatonin">Melatonin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Normelatonin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normelatonin [inte skriven än]">Normelatonin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Noradrenalin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">Serotonin (5-HT)</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Purin_(kemi)" title="Purin (kemi)">Puriner</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Adenosin" title="Adenosin">Adenosin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Adenosindifosfat" title="Adenosindifosfat">ADP</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Adenosinmonofosfat" title="Adenosinmonofosfat">AMP</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Adenosintrifosfat" title="Adenosintrifosfat">ATP</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A5ramin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spåramin [inte skriven än]">Spåraminer</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Jodtyronamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Jodtyronamin [inte skriven än]">3-Jodtyronamin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/5-Metoxi-N,N-dimetyltryptamin" title="5-Metoxi-N,N-dimetyltryptamin">5-MeO-DMT</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bufotenin" title="Bufotenin">Bufotenin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/DMT" title="DMT">DMT</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Metyltryptamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Metyltryptamin [inte skriven än]">N-Metyltryptamin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Oktopamin" title="Oktopamin">Oktopamin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fenetylamin" title="Fenetylamin">Fenetylamin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Synefrin" title="Synefrin">Synefrin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyronamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyronamin [inte skriven än]">Tyronamin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tryptamin" title="Tryptamin">Tryptamin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tyramin" title="Tyramin">Tyramin</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Övriga</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/1,4-Butandiol" title="1,4-Butandiol">1,4-BD</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Acetylkolin" title="Acetylkolin">Acetylkolin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/GBL" title="GBL">GBL</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/GHB" title="GHB">GHB</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Histamin" title="Histamin">Histamin</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Se även <a href="/wiki/Neuropeptider" title="Neuropeptider">Neuropeptider</a> och <a href="/wiki/Hormon" 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