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Primul Război Mondial - Wikipedia

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.stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style> <div class="stack stack-right"> <div> <table class="infocaseta" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="antet militar" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#000">Primul Război Mondial</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:WWImontage.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/WWImontage.jpg/350px-WWImontage.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/WWImontage.jpg/525px-WWImontage.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/WWImontage.jpg/700px-WWImontage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="828"></a></span><br><b>Din sus în jos</b>: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tran%C8%99eu_de_r%C4%83zboi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tranșeu de război">Tranșee</a> pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frontul_de_Vest_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontul de Vest (Primul Război Mondial)">Frontul de Vest</a>, avioane biplane germane (Albatros D.III), tancul britanic Mark I, servantul unei <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mitralier%C4%83_Vickers?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mitralieră Vickers">mitraliere Vickers</a> purtând o <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Masc%C4%83_de_gaze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mască de gaze">mască de gaze</a>, scufundarea navei britanice HMS Iresistible, din cauza unei mine, la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dardanele?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dardanele">Dardanele</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;background-color: #B0C4DE">Informații generale</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th style="padding-right:1em">Perioadă</th> <td><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_iulie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 iulie">28 iulie</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1914?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1914">1914</a> – <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_noiembrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 noiembrie">11 noiembrie</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1918?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1918">1918</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right:1em">Loc</th> <td><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa">Africa</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orientul_Mijlociu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orientul Mijlociu">Orientul Mijlociu</a>, (pentru scurtă vreme și în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China">China</a> și insulele din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceanul_Pacific?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceanul Pacific">Oceanul Pacific</a>)<br></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right:1em">Rezultat</th> <td>Victoria <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antanta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antanta">Antantei</a> <br> Destrămarea imperiului <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Rus">rus</a> (Revoluția și crearea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/URSS?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a>), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_German?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul German">german</a> (Prăbușirea economică, germenii <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nazism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nazism">nazismului</a> și ai celui de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial">Al Doilea Război Mondial</a>), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Otoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Otoman">otoman</a> (Revoluția lui <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemal Atatürk">Kemal Atatürk</a> și modernizarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turcia">Turciei</a>), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austro-Ungar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Ungar">austro-ungar</a> (Dezmembrare). <br> Apariția unor noi state în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_Central%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa Centrală">Europa Centrală</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_R%C4%83s%C4%83ritean%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa Răsăriteană">Răsăriteană</a>. <br> Crearea Ligii Națiunilor</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right:1em"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Casus_belli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Casus belli">Casus belli</a></th> <td><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atentatul_de_la_Sarajevo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atentatul de la Sarajevo">Asasinarea arhiducelui Franz Ferdinand</a> (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_iunie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 iunie">28 iunie</a>), urmată de declarația austriecilor de război împotriva Serbiei (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_iulie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 iulie">28 iulie</a>) și de mobilizarea Rusiei împotriva Austro-Ungariei (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_iulie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 iulie">29 iulie</a>).</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;background-color: #B0C4DE">Beligeranți</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-right:1px dotted #aaa"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alia%C8%9Bii_din_Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aliații din Primul Război Mondial">Puterile Aliate</a></b>:<br><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antanta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antanta">Antanta</a></b>:<br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/46px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_treia_Republic%C4%83_Francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="A treia Republică Franceză">Franța</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Britanic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Britanic">Imperiul Britanic</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Russia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Rus">Imperiul Rus</a> <small>(1914-17)</small><br><b>Aliații Antantei</b>:<br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Russia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Rus%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Rusă">Republica Rusă</a> <small>(1917)</small> <br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946)_crowned.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg/46px-Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Italiei_(1861%E2%80%931946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Italiei (1861–1946)">Italia</a> <small>(1915-18)</small><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1912-1959).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statele_Unite?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Statele Unite">Statele Unite</a> <small>(1917-18)</small><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Serbia_(1882%E2%80%931918).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Serbiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Serbiei">Serbia</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Romania.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Rom%C3%A2niei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul României">România</a> <small>(1916-17; 1918)</small><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Japan_(1870%E2%80%931999).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%25281870%25E2%2580%25931999%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan_%25281870%25E2%2580%25931999%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%25281870%25E2%2580%25931999%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_Japan_%25281870%25E2%2580%25931999%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Japonez?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Japonez">Japonia</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%2528civil%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%2528civil%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%2528civil%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belgium_%2528civil%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgia">Belgia</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Portugal.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/46px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prima_Republic%C4%83_Portughez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prima Republică Portugheză">Portugalia</a> <small>(1916-18)</small><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:State_Flag_of_Greece_(1863-1924_and_1935-1973).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/23px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%25281863-1924_and_1935-1973%2529.svg/35px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%25281863-1924_and_1935-1973%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%25281863-1924_and_1935-1973%2529.svg/46px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%25281863-1924_and_1935-1973%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Greciei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Greciei">Grecia</a> <small>(1917-18)</small><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kingdom_of_Montenegro_Flag.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kingdom_of_Montenegro_Flag.png/23px-Kingdom_of_Montenegro_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kingdom_of_Montenegro_Flag.png/35px-Kingdom_of_Montenegro_Flag.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kingdom_of_Montenegro_Flag.png/46px-Kingdom_of_Montenegro_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="863"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Muntenegrului?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Muntenegrului">Muntenegru</a><br><b>Cobeligeranți</b>:<br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Thailand.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/46px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thailanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thailanda">Siam</a> <small>(1917-18)</small><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931928).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%25281912%25E2%2580%25931928%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_China_%25281912%25E2%2580%25931928%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%25281912%25E2%2580%25931928%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_China_%25281912%25E2%2580%25931928%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guvernul_Beiyang?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guvernul Beiyang">China</a> <small>(1917-18)</small><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Bohemia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Bohemia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bohemia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Bohemia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bohemia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Bohemia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bohemia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legiunile_Cehoslovace?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Legiunile Cehoslovace">Legiunile Cehoslovace</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></a></span> Regatul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hejaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a> <br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Brazil.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brazilia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brazilia">Brazilia</a><br><i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Participan%C8%9Bii_la_Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Puterile_Aliate" title="Participanții la Primul Război Mondial">...și alții</a></i></td> <td width="50%" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puterile_Centrale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puterile Centrale">Puterile Centrale</a></b>:<br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_German?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul German">Imperiul German</a><br><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_(1869-1918).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="boder"><img alt="boder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg/23px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg/35px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg/46px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austro-Ungaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austro-Ungaria">Austro-Ungaria</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844%E2%80%931922).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Otoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Otoman">Imperiul Otoman</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Bulgariei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Bulgariei">Bulgaria</a> <small>(1915-18)</small> <b>Cobeligeranți</b>:<br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Darfur.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Darfur.svg/23px-Flag_of_Darfur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Darfur.svg/35px-Flag_of_Darfur.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Darfur.svg/46px-Flag_of_Darfur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sultanatul_Darfur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sultanatul Darfur — pagină inexistentă">Sultanatul Darfur</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Darfur" class="extiw" title="en:Sultanate of Darfur"><span title="„Sultanate of Darfur” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title%3DSpecial:ContentTranslation%26campaign%3Dcontributionsmenu%26to%3Dro%26from%3Den%26page%3DSultanate%2Bof%2BDarfur%26targettitle%3DSultanatul%2BDarfur">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> <small>(1914-16)</small><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Dervish_flag.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Dervish_flag.svg/23px-Dervish_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Dervish_flag.svg/35px-Dervish_flag.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Dervish_flag.svg/46px-Dervish_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="270"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Statul_Dervi%C8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Statul Derviș — pagină inexistentă">Statul Derviș</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dervish_movement_(Somali)" class="extiw" title="en:Dervish movement (Somali)"><span title="„Dervish movement (Somali)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title%3DSpecial:ContentTranslation%26campaign%3Dcontributionsmenu%26to%3Dro%26from%3Den%26page%3DDervish%2Bmovement%2B%2528Somali%2529%26targettitle%3DStatul%2BDervi%25C8%2599">traduceți</a>]</small></sup><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%27il.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%27il.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%27il.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%2527il.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%2527il.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%2527il.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%2527il.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="500"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Emiratul_Jabal_Shammar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Emiratul Jabal Shammar — pagină inexistentă">Emiratul Jabal Shammar</a> <br><i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Participan%C8%9Bii_la_Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Puterile_Centrale" title="Participanții la Primul Război Mondial">...și alții</a></i></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;background-color: #B0C4DE">Conducători</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-right:1px dotted #aaa"><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/46px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georges Clemenceau">Georges Clemenceau</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/46px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Joffre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Joffre">Joseph Joffre</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/46px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferdinand_Foch?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferdinand Foch">Ferdinand Foch</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/46px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Nivelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Nivelle">Robert Nivelle</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/46px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippe_Petain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe Petain">Philippe Petain</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_al_V-lea_al_Regatului_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George al V-lea al Regatului Unit">George al V-lea</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herbert_Henry_Asquith?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Henry Asquith">Herbert H. Asquith</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Lloyd_George?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> <br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Douglas_Haig?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Douglas Haig">Douglas Haig</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Jellicoe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Jellicoe">John Jellicoe</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Russia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolae_al_II-lea_al_Rusiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolae al II-lea al Rusiei">Nicolae al II-lea</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Russia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marele_duce_Nicolai_Nicolaevici_(cel_T%C3%A2n%C4%83r)_al_Rusiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marele duce Nicolai Nicolaevici (cel Tânăr) al Rusiei">Nicolai Nicolaevici</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Russia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexei_Brusilov?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexei Brusilov">Alexei Brusilov</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946)_crowned.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg/46px-Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_al_III-lea_al_Italiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel al III-lea al Italiei">Victor Emmanuel al III-lea</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946)_crowned.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg/46px-Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luigi_Cadorna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luigi Cadorna">Luigi Cadorna</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946)_crowned.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg/46px-Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armando_Diaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armando Diaz">Armando Diaz</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1912-1959).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1912-1959).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Pershing?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Pershing">John Pershing</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Serbia_(1882%E2%80%931918).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petru_I_al_Serbiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petru I al Serbiei">Petru I</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Serbia_(1882%E2%80%931918).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radomir_Putnik?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radomir Putnik">Radomir Putnik</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Romania.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferdinand_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand I">Ferdinand I</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Romania.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandru Averescu">Alexandru Averescu</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Belgium.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Albert_I&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Albert I — pagină inexistentă">Albert I</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222957" class="extiw" title="d:Q222957"><span title="Albert I la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></td> <td width="50%" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilhelm_al_II-lea_al_Germaniei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wilhelm al II-lea al Germaniei">Wilhelm al II-lea</a> (până la abdicarea lui la 9 noiembrie 1918) <br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erich_von_Falkenhayn?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erich von Falkenhayn">Erich von Falkenhayn</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Paul von Hindenburg</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Scheer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Reinhard Scheer — pagină inexistentă">Reinhard Scheer</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57612" class="extiw" title="d:Q57612"><span title="Reinhard Scheer la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erich_Ludendorff?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erich Ludendorff">Erich Ludendorff</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_(1869-1918).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg/23px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg/35px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg/46px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franz_Josef_al_Austriei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Josef al Austriei">Franz Josef</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_(1869-1918).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg/23px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg/35px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg/46px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carol_I_al_Austriei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carol I al Austriei">Carol I</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_(1869-1918).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg/23px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg/35px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg/46px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conrad_von_H%C3%B6tzendorf?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad von Hötzendorf">Conrad von Hötzendorf</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_(1869-1918).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg/23px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg/35px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg/46px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%25281869-1918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arthur_Arz_von_Straussenburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arthur Arz von Straussenburg">Arthur Arz von Straussenburg</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844%E2%80%931922).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mehmed_al_V-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mehmed al V-lea">Mehmed al V-lea</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844%E2%80%931922).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%B0smail_Enver?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="İsmail Enver">İsmail Enver</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844%E2%80%931922).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferdinand_I_al_Bulgariei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferdinand I al Bulgariei">Ferdinand I</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikola_Jekov?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikola Jekov">Nikola Jekov</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;background-color: #B0C4DE">Efective</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-right:1px dotted #aaa"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Rus"><img alt="Imperiul Rus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Russia_%281896%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia_%281896%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Russia_%25281896%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia_%25281896%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Russia_%25281896%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia_%25281896%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300"></a></span></span> 12.000.000<br><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Britanic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Britanic"><img alt="Imperiul Britanic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> 8.841.541<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_Treia_Republic%C4%83_Francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A Treia Republică Franceză"><img alt="A Treia Republică Franceză" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> 8.660.000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Italiei_(1861-1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Italiei (1861-1946)"><img alt="Regatul Italiei (1861-1946)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%25281861-1946%2529_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></a></span></span> 5.615.140<br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statele Unite ale Americii"><img alt="Statele Unite ale Americii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%25281912-1959%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></a></span></span> 4.743.826<br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Rom%C3%A2niei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul României"><img alt="Regatul României" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></a></span></span> 1.234.000<br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Japonez?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Japonez"><img alt="Imperiul Japonez" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%25281870%25E2%2580%25931999%2529.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%25281870%25E2%2580%25931999%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%25281870%25E2%2580%25931999%2529.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%25281870%25E2%2580%25931999%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></a></span></span> 800.000<br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Serbiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Serbiei"><img alt="Regatul Serbiei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia_%25281882%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"></a></span></span> 707.343<br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgia"><img alt="Belgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/17px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/27px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780"></a></span></span> 380.000<br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:State_Flag_of_Greece_(1863-1924_and_1935-1973).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/23px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%25281863-1924_and_1935-1973%2529.svg/35px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%25281863-1924_and_1935-1973%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%25281863-1924_and_1935-1973%2529.svg/46px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%25281863-1924_and_1935-1973%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></a></span> 250.000<br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kingdom_of_Montenegro_Flag.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kingdom_of_Montenegro_Flag.png/23px-Kingdom_of_Montenegro_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kingdom_of_Montenegro_Flag.png/35px-Kingdom_of_Montenegro_Flag.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kingdom_of_Montenegro_Flag.png/46px-Kingdom_of_Montenegro_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="863"></a></span> 50.000</p><i>Total: 42.959.850</i></td> <td width="50%" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_German?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul German"><img alt="Imperiul German" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281867%25E2%2580%25931918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> 13.250.000<br><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austro-Ungaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austro-Ungaria"><img alt="Austro-Ungaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Civil_ensign_of_Austria-Hungary_%281869-1918%29.svg/23px-Civil_ensign_of_Austria-Hungary_%281869-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Civil_ensign_of_Austria-Hungary_%25281869-1918%2529.svg/35px-Civil_ensign_of_Austria-Hungary_%25281869-1918%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Civil_ensign_of_Austria-Hungary_%25281869-1918%2529.svg/45px-Civil_ensign_of_Austria-Hungary_%25281869-1918%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432"></a></span></span> 7.800.000<br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Otoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Otoman"><img alt="Imperiul Otoman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%25281844%25E2%2580%25931922%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></a></span></span> 2.998.321<br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Bulgariei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Bulgariei"><img alt="Regatul Bulgariei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> 1.200.000<br></p><i>Total: 25.248.321</i></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;background-color: #B0C4DE">Pierderi</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-right:1px dotted #aaa"><b>Morți:</b><sup id="cite_ref-Evans_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Evans-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> 5.530.000 <br><b>Răniți:</b><br> 12.832.000 <br><b>Dispăruți:</b><br> 4.121.000</td> <td width="50%" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><b>Morți:</b><sup id="cite_ref-Evans_4-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Evans-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> 4.386.000 <br><b>Răniți:</b><br> 8.388.000 <br><b>Dispăruți:</b><br> 3.630.000</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Schieramenti_WWI.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Schieramenti_WWI.png/220px-Schieramenti_WWI.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Schieramenti_WWI.png/330px-Schieramenti_WWI.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Schieramenti_WWI.png/440px-Schieramenti_WWI.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628"></a></span><br> Puterile implicate în Primul Război Mondial<p style="border:none;text-align:left;font-size:95%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background:red;font-size:85%!important;vertical-align:middle;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;Puterile Centrale</p><p style="border:none;text-align:left;font-size:95%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background:blue;font-size:85%!important;vertical-align:middle;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antanta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antanta">Antanta</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #B0C4DE solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q361" class="extiw" title="d:Q361">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DPrimul_R%25C4%2583zboi_Mondial%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0">text</a></span>&nbsp;<span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Conflict_militar" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60"></a></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Primul Război Mondial</b> (<time datetime="1914-07-28">28 iulie 1914</time> – <time datetime="1918-11-11">11 noiembrie 1918</time>) a fost unul dintre cele mai mortale <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Război mondial">conflicte globale</a> din istorie. El a opus două coaliții, prima fiind <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alia%C8%9Bii_din_Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aliații din Primul Război Mondial">Antanta</a>, având ca nucleu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_Treia_Republic%C4%83_Francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A Treia Republică Franceză">Franța</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Unit_al_Marii_Britanii_%C8%99i_Irlandei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei">Regatul Unit</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Rus">Rusia</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Italiei_(1861-1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Italiei (1861-1946)">Italia</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Japonez?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Japonez">Japonia</a> și imperiile lor coloniale respective, cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statele Unite ale Americii">Statele Unite</a> aderând ca putere asociată în 1917. Aceasta s-a confruntat cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puterile_Centrale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puterile Centrale">Puterile Centrale</a>, o alianță centrată pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_German?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul German">Germania</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austro-Ungaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austro-Ungaria">Austro-Ungaria</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Otoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Otoman">Imperiul Otoman</a>. Luptele au avut loc în toată Europa, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orientul_Mijlociu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orientul Mijlociu">Orientul Mijlociu</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceanul_Pacific?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceanul Pacific">Pacific</a> și în părți din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">Asia</a>. Aproximativ 9&nbsp;milioane de soldați au fost uciși în luptă, plus alte 23 de milioane de răniți, în timp ce 5&nbsp;milioane de civili au murit ca urmare a acțiunii militare, a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Foame?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Foame">foametei</a> și a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boal%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boală">bolilor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994xv_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994xv-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alte milioane au murit ca urmare a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genocid?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genocid">genocidelor</a>, în timp ce pandemia de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grip%C4%83_spaniol%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gripă spaniolă">gripă spaniolă</a> din 1918 a fost exacerbată de mișcarea combatanților în timpul războiului.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpreeuwenberg20182561–2567_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpreeuwenberg20182561%E2%80%932567-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams20144–10_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams20144%E2%80%9310-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Primul deceniu al secolului al XX-lea a fost o perioadă de tensiuni diplomatice crescânde între <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mare_putere?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mare putere">marile puteri</a> europene. Acestea au atins un punct de rupere pe <time datetime="1914-06-28">28 iunie 1914</time>, când un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A2rbii_din_Bosnia_%C8%99i_Her%C8%9Begovina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sârbii din Bosnia și Herțegovina — pagină inexistentă">sârb bosniac</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064662" class="extiw" title="d:Q1064662"><span title="sârbii din Bosnia și Herțegovina la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> pe nume <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gavrilo_Princip?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gavrilo Princip">Gavrilo Princip</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atentatul_de_la_Sarajevo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atentatul de la Sarajevo">l-a asasinat pe arhiducele Franz Ferdinand</a>, moștenitorul tronului <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austro-Ungaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austro-Ungaria">Austro-Ungariei</a>. Austro-Ungaria a considerat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Serbiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Serbiei">Serbia</a> responsabilă și, în ciuda <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Criza_din_iulie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Criza din iulie">eforturilor diplomatice</a> de a rezolva conflictul, a declarat război pe <time datetime="1914-07-28">28 iulie</time>. Rusia a venit în apărarea Serbiei, iar până la <time datetime="1914-08-04">4 august</time>, alianțe defensive suprapuse au atras în conflict Franța, Regatul Unit și Germania.</p> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Planul_Schlieffen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Planul Schlieffen">Strategia germană</a> în 1914 a fost să învingă mai întâi Franța, apoi să își mute trupele spre est și să facă același lucru cu Rusia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZuber201146–49_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZuber201146%E2%80%9349-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acest plan <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prima_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_pe_Marna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prima bătălie de pe Marna">a eșuat</a> și, până la sfârșitul anului 1914, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frontul_de_vest_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frontul de vest (Primul Război Mondial)">Frontul de Vest</a> consta dintr-o linie continuă de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_de_tran%C8%99ee?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Război de tranșee">tranșee</a> care se întindea de la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canalul_M%C3%A2necii?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canalul Mânecii">Canalul Mânecii</a> până în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elve%C8%9Bia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elveția">Elveția</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frontul_de_R%C4%83s%C4%83rit_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frontul de Răsărit (Primul Război Mondial)">Frontul de Est</a> era mai fluid, dar niciuna dintre părți nu a putut obține un avantaj decisiv, în ciuda unei serii de ofensive costisitoare. Încercările de a ocoli impasul au făcut ca luptele să se extindă în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teatrul_din_Orientul_Mijlociu_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teatrul din Orientul Mijlociu (Primul Război Mondial)">Orientul Mijlociu</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frontul_italian_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frontul italian (Primul Război Mondial)">Alpi</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campania_din_Balcani_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campania din Balcani (Primul Război Mondial)">Balcani</a> și coloniile de peste mări, aducând <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgaria_%C3%AEn_timpul_Primului_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulgaria în timpul Primului Război Mondial">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Participarea_Rom%C3%A2niei_la_Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Participarea României la Primul Război Mondial">România</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grecia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grecia">Grecia</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910261" class="extiw" title="d:Q910261"><span title="Grecia la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și altele în război.</p> <p>Statele Unite <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Intrarea_Statelor_Unite_%C3%AEn_Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Intrarea Statelor Unite în Primul Război Mondial — pagină inexistentă">au intrat în război</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4745451" class="extiw" title="d:Q4745451"><span title="intrarea Statelor Unite în Primul Război Mondial la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> de partea Antantei în aprilie 1917, în timp ce <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bol%C8%99evic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bolșevic">bolșevicii</a> preluau puterea în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_din_Octombrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revoluția din Octombrie">Revoluția din octombrie</a> din Rusia și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Brest-Litovsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de la Brest-Litovsk">au făcut pace separată</a> cu Puterile Centrale la începutul anului 1918. Degrevată de Frontul de Est, Germania a lansat o <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ofensiva_de_Prim%C4%83var%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ofensiva de Primăvară — pagină inexistentă">ofensivă</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750567" class="extiw" title="d:Q750567"><span title="Ofensiva de Primăvară la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> în vest în martie 1918, sperând să obțină o victorie decisivă acolo înainte ca trupele americane să sosească în număr semnificativ. Eșecul a lăsat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armata_German%C4%83_(Imperiul_German)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armata Germană (Imperiul German)">armata imperială germană</a> epuizată și demoralizată. Când aliații au preluat inițiativa și au lansat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ofensiva_de_100_de_zile?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ofensiva de 100 de zile">propria lor ofensivă</a> în august 1918, germanii nu au putut face altceva decât să o încetinească.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheffield2002251_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffield2002251-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Între <time datetime="1918-09-29">29 septembrie</time> și <time datetime="1918-11-03">3 noiembrie 1918</time>, Bulgaria, Imperiul Otoman și Austro-Ungaria au acceptat armistiții cu Aliații, lăsând Germania izolată. Confruntată cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_German%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revoluția Germană">revoluția în interior</a> și cu armata în pragul revoltei, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilhelm_al_II-lea_al_Germaniei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wilhelm al II-lea al Germaniei">Kaiserul Wilhelm al II-lea</a> a abdicat pe <time datetime="1918-11-09">9 noiembrie</time>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armisti%C8%9Biul_de_la_Compi%C3%A8gne_(1918)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armistițiul de la Compiègne (1918)">Armistițiul din 11 noiembrie 1918</a> a pus capăt luptelor, iar <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conferin%C8%9Ba_de_Pace_de_la_Paris_din_1919?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conferința de Pace de la Paris din 1919">Conferința de Pace de la Paris</a> a impus diverse reglementări puterilor înfrânte, cel mai cunoscut fiind <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Versailles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de la Versailles">Tratatul de la Versailles</a>. Dizolvarea Imperiilor Rus, German, Austro-Ungar și Otoman a dus la crearea de noi state independente, printre care <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polonia">Polonia</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cehoslovacia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cehoslovacia">Cehoslovacia</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iugoslavia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iugoslavia">Iugoslavia</a>. Din motive aflate încă în discuție, eșecul de a gestiona instabilitatea care a rezultat din această perturbare în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perioada_interbelic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perioada interbelică">perioada interbelică</a> a contribuit la declanșarea celui de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial">al Doilea Război Mondial</a> în septembrie&nbsp;1939.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Cuprins</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Denumiri"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Denumiri</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Context"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Context</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Alian%C8%9Be_politice_%C8%99i_militare"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Alianțe politice și militare</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cursa_%C3%AEnarm%C4%83rilor"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cursa înarmărilor</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Conflicte_%C3%AEn_Balcani"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Conflicte în Balcani</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Preludiu"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Preludiu</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Asasinatul_de_la_Sarajevo"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Asasinatul de la Sarajevo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Escaladarea_violen%C8%9Belor_%C3%AEn_Bosnia_%C8%99i_Her%C8%9Begovina"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Escaladarea violențelor în Bosnia și Herțegovina</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Criza_din_Iulie"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Criza din Iulie</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Progresul_r%C4%83zboiului"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Progresul războiului</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Deschiderea_ostilit%C4%83%C8%9Bilor"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Deschiderea ostilităților</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Deruta_%C3%AEntre_Puterile_Centrale"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Deruta între Puterile Centrale</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Campania_din_Serbia"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Campania din Serbia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ofensiva_german%C4%83_%C3%AEn_Belgia_%C8%99i_Fran%C8%9Ba"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Ofensiva germană în Belgia și Franța</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Asia_%C8%99i_Pacific"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Asia și Pacific</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Campaniile_africane"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Campaniile africane</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sprijinul_indian_pentru_Alia%C8%9Bi"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Sprijinul indian pentru Aliați</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Frontul_de_Vest_%C3%AEntre_1914_%C8%99i_1916"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Frontul de Vest între 1914 și 1916</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%8Enceputul_r%C4%83zboiului_de_tran%C8%99ee"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Începutul războiului de tranșee</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Continuarea_r%C4%83zboiului_de_tran%C8%99ee"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Continuarea războiului de tranșee</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C4%83zboiul_naval"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Războiul naval</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Teatrele_sudice"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Teatrele sudice</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C4%83zboiul_din_Balcani"><span class="tocnumber">4.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Războiul din Balcani</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Imperiul_Otoman"><span class="tocnumber">4.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Imperiul Otoman</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Frontul_italian"><span class="tocnumber">4.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Frontul italian</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Frontul_de_Est"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Frontul de Est</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ac%C8%9Biunile_ini%C8%9Biale"><span class="tocnumber">4.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acțiunile inițiale</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Participarea_Rom%C3%A2niei"><span class="tocnumber">4.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Participarea României</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Uverturile_de_pace_ale_Puterilor_Centrale"><span class="tocnumber">4.6</span> <span class="toctext">Uverturile de pace ale Puterilor Centrale</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ultimii_ani_ai_r%C4%83zboiului"><span class="tocnumber">4.7</span> <span class="toctext">Ultimii ani ai războiului</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Revolu%C8%9Bia_%C8%99i_retragerea_Rusiei"><span class="tocnumber">4.7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Revoluția și retragerea Rusiei</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Intrarea_%C3%AEn_r%C4%83zboi_a_Statelor_Unite"><span class="tocnumber">4.7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Intrarea în război a Statelor Unite</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ofensiva_lui_Nivelle_(aprilie%E2%80%93mai_1917)"><span class="tocnumber">4.7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Ofensiva lui Nivelle (aprilie–mai 1917)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Campania_din_Sinai_%C8%99i_Palestina_(1917%E2%80%931918)"><span class="tocnumber">4.7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Campania din Sinai și Palestina (1917–1918)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ofensiva_german%C4%83_%C8%99i_contraofensiva_Alia%C8%9Bilor_(martie%E2%80%93noiembrie_1918)"><span class="tocnumber">4.7.5</span> <span class="toctext">Ofensiva germană și contraofensiva Aliaților (martie–noiembrie 1918)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%8Enaintarea_alia%C8%9Bilor_p%C3%A2n%C4%83_la_Linia_Hindenburg"><span class="tocnumber">4.7.6</span> <span class="toctext">Înaintarea aliaților până la Linia Hindenburg</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Str%C4%83pungerea_Frontului_Macedonean_(septembrie_1918)"><span class="tocnumber">4.7.7</span> <span class="toctext">Străpungerea Frontului Macedonean (septembrie 1918)</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Armisti%C8%9Bii_%C8%99i_capitul%C4%83ri"><span class="tocnumber">4.8</span> <span class="toctext">Armistiții și capitulări</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-39"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Capitularea_guvernului_german"><span class="tocnumber">4.8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Capitularea guvernului german</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Urm%C4%83ri"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Urmări</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sf%C3%A2r%C8%99itul_oficial_al_r%C4%83zboiului"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sfârșitul oficial al războiului</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tratatele_de_pace_%C8%99i_grani%C8%9Bele_na%C8%9Bionale"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Tratatele de pace și granițele naționale</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Identit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_na%C8%9Bionale"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Identități naționale</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Victimele"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Victimele</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Crime_de_r%C4%83zboi"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Crime de război</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-46"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Armele_chimice_%C3%AEn_r%C4%83zboi"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Armele chimice în război</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-47"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Genocidele_comise_de_Imperiul_Otoman"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Genocidele comise de Imperiul Otoman</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Prizonierii_de_r%C4%83zboi"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Prizonierii de război</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-49"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Experien%C8%9Bele_solda%C8%9Bilor"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Experiențele soldaților</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Serviciul_militar"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Serviciul militar</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ata%C8%99a%C8%9Bii_militari_%C8%99i_coresponden%C8%9Bii_de_r%C4%83zboi"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Atașații militari și corespondenții de război</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Efecte_economice"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Efecte economice</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-53"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pro_%C8%99i_contra_r%C4%83zboiului"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Pro și contra războiului</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-54"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sus%C8%9Binerea"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Susținerea</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-55"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fondurile_patriotice"><span class="tocnumber">9.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Fondurile patriotice</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Opozi%C8%9Bia"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Opoziția</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tehnologie"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Tehnologie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-58"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Diploma%C8%9Bia"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Diplomația</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-59"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mo%C8%99tenirea_%C8%99i_memoria"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Moștenirea și memoria</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-60"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Memoriale"><span class="tocnumber">12.1</span> <span class="toctext">Memoriale</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-61"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Istoriografie"><span class="tocnumber">12.2</span> <span class="toctext">Istoriografie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-62"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Proiectile_neexplodate"><span class="tocnumber">12.3</span> <span class="toctext">Proiectile neexplodate</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-63"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Note_de_completare"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Note de completare</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-64"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Note"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Note</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-65"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografie"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliografie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-66"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Leg%C4%83turi_externe"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">Legături externe</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-67"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Media"><span class="tocnumber">16.1</span> <span class="toctext">Media</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Denumiri">Denumiri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Denumiri" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Termenul de <i>război mondial</i> a fost avansat pentru prima dată în septembrie 1914 de către biologul și filozoful german <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a>. El afirma că „nu există nicio îndoială că desfășurarea și caracterul temutului «război european»&nbsp;... va deveni primul război mondial în sensul deplin al cuvântului”,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShapiroEpstein2006329_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShapiroEpstein2006329-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> în <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Indianapolis_Star&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Indianapolis Star — pagină inexistentă">The Indianapolis Star</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2314407" class="extiw" title="d:Q2314407"><span title="The Indianapolis Star la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i> pe <time datetime="1914-09-20">20 septembrie 1914</time>.</p> <p>Termenul <b>Primul Război Mondial</b> fusese folosit de lt-col. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Charles_%C3%A0_Court_Repington&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Charles à Court Repington — pagină inexistentă">Charles à Court Repington</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5084065" class="extiw" title="d:Q5084065"><span title="Charles à Court Repington la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, ca titlu pentru memoriile sale (publicate în 1920); el a consemnat discuția pe care o purtase cu un anume maior Johnstone la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitatea_Harvard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universitatea Harvard">Universitatea Harvard</a> în jurnalul său din <time datetime="1918-09-10">10 septembrie 1918</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Înainte de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial">al Doilea Război Mondial</a>, evenimentele din 1914–1918 erau cunoscute în general ca <b>Marele Război</b> sau pur și simplu <b>Războiul Mondial</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBraybon20048_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBraybon20048-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În august 1914, revista <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Independent?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Independent">The Independent</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15863921" class="extiw" title="d:Q15863921"><span title="The Independent la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i> a scris „Acesta este Marele Război. Numele vine de la sine”. În octombrie 1914, revista canadiană <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Maclean's&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Maclean's — pagină inexistentă">Maclean's</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184850" class="extiw" title="d:Q1184850"><span title="Maclean's la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i> a scris în mod similar: „Unele războaie au o denumire care vine natural. Acesta este Marele Război.”<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Europenii contemporani l-au denumit „<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_menit_s%C4%83_pun%C4%83_cap%C4%83t_oric%C4%83rui_r%C4%83zboi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Războiul menit să pună capăt oricărui război">războiul care va pune capăt oricărui război</a>” și a fost descris și drept „războiul care va pune capăt tuturor războaielor”, datorită percepției pe care o aveau ei asupra amplorii, devastării și pierderii de vieți omenești fără egal până atunci.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Context" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Alianțe_politice_și_militare"><span id="Alian.C8.9Be_politice_.C8.99i_militare"></span>Alianțe politice și militare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Alianțe politice și militare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>O mare parte a secolului al XIX-lea, marile puteri europene au menținut un fragil <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Echilibru_al_puterii?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Echilibru al puterii">echilibru de putere</a> între ele, cunoscut sub numele de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concertul_European?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Concertul European">Concertul European</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2013121–152_16-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2013121%E2%80%93152-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După 1848, acesta a fost contestat de o varietate de factori, inclusiv retragerea Regatului Unit în așa-numita <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Splendida_izolare?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Splendida izolare">splendidă izolare</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Declinul_Imperiului_Otoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Declinul Imperiului Otoman">declinul Imperiului Otoman</a> și ascensiunea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Prusiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Prusiei">Prusiei</a> sub <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_austro-prusac?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Războiul austro-prusac">Războiul austro-prusac</a> din 1866 a stabilit hegemonia prusacilor în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germania?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germania">Germania</a>, în timp ce victoria din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_franco-prusac?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Războiul franco-prusac">războiul franco-prusac</a> din 1870–1871 i-a permis lui Bismarck să <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unificarea_Germaniei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unificarea Germaniei">consolideze</a> statele germane într-un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_German?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul German">Imperiu German</a> sub conducerea Prusiei. Răzbunarea pentru înfrângerea din 1871 (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revan%C8%99ism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revanșism">revanșismul</a>) și recuperarea provinciilor <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alsacia-Lorena?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alsacia-Lorena">Alsacia-Lorena</a> au devenit principalele obiecte ale politicii franceze pentru următorii patruzeci de ani.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZeldin1977117_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZeldin1977117-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Pentru a izola Franța și a evita un război pe două fronturi, Bismarck a negociat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alian%C8%9Ba_celor_trei_%C3%AEmp%C4%83ra%C8%9Bi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alianța celor trei împărați">Liga celor Trei Împărați</a> (în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba germană">germană</a> <span lang="de" style="font-style:italic">Dreikaiserbund</span>) între <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austro-Ungaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austro-Ungaria">Austro-Ungaria</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Rus">Rusia</a> și Germania. După victoria Rusiei în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Ruso-Turc_(1877%E2%80%931878)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Războiul Ruso-Turc (1877–1878)">războiul ruso-turc</a> din 1877–1878, Liga a fost dizolvată din cauza preocupărilor austriecilor față de influența Rusiei în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peninsula_Balcanic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peninsula Balcanică">Balcani</a>, o zonă pe care o considerau de interes strategic vital. Germania și Austro-Ungaria au format apoi <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dubla_Alian%C8%9B%C4%83_(1879)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dubla Alianță (1879)">Dubla Alianță</a> din 1879, care a devenit <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tripla_Alian%C8%9B%C4%83_(1882)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tripla Alianță (1882)">Tripla Alianță</a> când Italia s-a alăturat în 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan199852_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan199852-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pentru Bismarck, scopul acestor acorduri a fost de a izola Franța, asigurându-se că cele trei imperii rezolvă orice dispute între ele; când acest obiectiv a fost amenințat în 1880 de încercările britanicilor și francezilor de a negocia direct cu Rusia, el a reformat Liga în 1881, care a fost reînnoită în 1883 și 1885. După expirarea acordului în 1887, el a fost înlocuit cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_reasigurare?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de reasigurare">Tratatul de Reasigurare</a>, un acord secret între Germania și Rusia prin care cele două se angajau să rămână neutre dacă oricare ar fi fost atacat de Franța sau de Austro-Ungaria.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMedlicott194566–70_19-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedlicott194566%E2%80%9370-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Bismarck considera pacea cu Rusia drept fundamentul politicii externe germane, dar după ce a devenit <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaiser?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaiser">Kaiser</a> în 1890, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilhelm_al_II-lea_al_Germaniei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wilhelm al II-lea al Germaniei">Wilhelm al II-lea</a> l-a forțat să se pensioneze, iar <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leo_von_Caprivi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leo von Caprivi">Leo von Caprivi</a>, noul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cancelar_federal_al_Germaniei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cancelar federal al Germaniei">cancelar</a>, l-a convins să nu reînnoiască Tratatul de Reasigurare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeenan198620_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeenan198620-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aceasta i-a oferit Franței o oportunitate de a contracara Tripla Alianță, prin semnarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alian%C8%9Ba_franco-rus%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alianța franco-rusă">Alianței Franco-Ruse</a> în 1894, urmată de <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antanta_cordial%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antanta cordială">Antanta Cordială</a></i> din 1904 cu Regatul Unit, iar <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antanta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antanta">Tripla Înțelegere</a> a fost finalizată prin <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conven%C8%9Bia_anglo-rus%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Convenția anglo-rusă">Convenția Anglo-Rusă</a> din 1907. Deși acestea nu erau alianțe formale, prin soluționarea disputelor coloniale de lungă durată din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa">Africa</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marele_Joc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marele Joc">Asia</a>, intrarea britanicilor în orice conflict viitor care implica Franța sau Rusia a devenit o posibilitate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott200315_21-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott200315-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sprijinul britanic și rus pentru Franța împotriva Germaniei în timpul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Criza_Agadir?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Criza Agadir">crizei de la Agadir</a> din 1911 a întărit relația lor și a sporit înstrăinarea anglo-germană, adâncind diviziunile care aveau să răbufnească în 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFay1930290–293_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFay1930290%E2%80%93293-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cursa_înarmărilor"><span id="Cursa_.C3.AEnarm.C4.83rilor"></span>Cursa înarmărilor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cursa înarmărilor" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Puterea industrială germană a crescut semnificativ după 1871, impulsionată de crearea unui <span lang="de" style="font-style:italic">Reich</span> unificat, plățile de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Indemnizatie_franceza&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Indemnizatie franceza — pagină inexistentă">compensații franceze</a> și anexarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alsacia-Lorena?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alsacia-Lorena">Alsaciei și Lorenei</a>. Cu sprijinul lui Wilhelm al II-lea, amiralul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_von_Tirpitz?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred von Tirpitz">Alfred von Tirpitz</a> a căutat să folosească această creștere a puterii economice pentru a construi o <span lang="de" style="font-style:italic">Kaiserliche Marine</span>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marina_Imperial%C4%83_German%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marina Imperială Germană">Marina Imperială Germană</a>, care să poată concura cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marina_Regal%C4%83_Britanic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marina Regală Britanică">Marina Regală Britanică</a> pentru supremația navală mondială.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott200321_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott200321-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gândirea sa era influențată de strategul naval american <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_Thayer_Mahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred Thayer Mahan">Alfred Thayer Mahan</a>, care susținea că posesia unei <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Marine_a_m%C4%83rilor_largi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Marine a mărilor largi — pagină inexistentă">marine a mărilor largi</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622314" class="extiw" title="d:Q1622314"><span title="marine a mărilor largi la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> era vitală pentru proiecția unei puteri globale; Tirpitz a comandat traducerea cărților acestuia în germană, în timp ce Wilhelm le-a făcut lectură obligatorie pentru consilierii săi și personalul militar superior.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerwig198872–73_24-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerwig198872%E2%80%9373-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Cu toate acestea, a fost și o decizie emoțională, influențată de admirația simultană a lui Wilhelm pentru Marina Regală și de dorința de a o întrece. Bismarck a calculat că Regatul Unit nu va interveni în Europa atâta timp cât supremația sa maritimă va rămâne sigură, dar demiterea sa în 1890 a dus la o schimbare a politicii și la o <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursa_anglo-german%C4%83_pentru_%C3%AEnarmare_naval%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cursa anglo-germană pentru înarmare navală">cursă a înarmărilor navale anglo-germane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMollLuebbert1980153–185_25-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMollLuebbert1980153%E2%80%93185-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În ciuda sumelor vaste cheltuite de Tirpitz, lansarea lui <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HMS_Dreadnought_(1906)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="HMS Dreadnought (1906)">HMS&nbsp;<i>Dreadnought</i></a> în 1906 le-a oferit britanicilor un avantaj tehnologic față de rivalul lor german, avantaj pe care nu l-au pierdut niciodată.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott200321_23-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott200321-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În cele din urmă, cursa a deturnat resurse uriașe spre obiectivul a crea o flotă germană suficient de mare pentru a rivaliza cu cea britanică, dar nu să o învingă; în 1911, cancelarul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theobald_von_Bethmann_Hollweg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg">Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg</a> a recunoscut înfrângerea, ceea ce a condus la <span lang="de" style="font-style:italic">Rüstungswende</span> sau „punctul de cotitură al armamentului”, când prioritatea de investiții a fost schimbată de la marină către forțele terestre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson201645_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson201645-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Această decizie nu a fost determinată de o reducere a tensiunilor politice, ci de îngrijorarea germanilor cu privire la revenirea Rusiei după înfrângerea din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_ruso-japonez?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Războiul ruso-japonez">Războiul Ruso-Japonez</a> și după <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_rus%C4%83_din_1905?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revoluția rusă din 1905">Revoluția Rusă din 1905</a>. Reformele economice cu finanțare franceză au condus la o extindere semnificativă după 1908 a căilor ferate și a infrastructurii, în special în regiunile sale de graniță din vest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrisp1976174–196_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrisp1976174%E2%80%93196-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deoarece Germania și Austro-Ungaria se bazau pe o mobilizare mai rapidă pentru a compensa inferioritatea lor numerică în comparație cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armata_Imperial%C4%83_Rus%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armata Imperială Rusă">Rusia</a>, amenințarea reprezentată de reducerea acestui decalaj a fost mai importantă decât concurența cu Marina Regală Britanică. După ce Germania și-a extins armata permanentă cu 170.000 de soldați în 1913, Franța a extins serviciul militar obligatoriu de la doi la trei ani; măsuri similare au fost luate de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peninsula_Balcanic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peninsula Balcanică">puterile balcanice</a> și de Italia, ceea ce a dus la creșterea cheltuielilor de către <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Otoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Otoman">otomani</a> și Austro-Ungaria. Cifrele absolute sunt greu de calculat din cauza diferențelor de clasificare a cheltuielilor, deoarece adesea omit proiectele de infrastructură civilă, cum ar fi căile ferate, care aveau și o utilitate militară. Cu toate acestea, din 1908 până în 1913, cheltuielile militare ale celor șase mari puteri europene au crescut cu peste 50% în termeni reali.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson201642_28-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson201642-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Conflicte_în_Balcani"><span id="Conflicte_.C3.AEn_Balcani"></span>Conflicte în Balcani</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Conflicte în Balcani" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Anii premergători lui 1914 au fost marcați de o serie de crize în Balcani, unde alte noi puteri căutau să beneficieze de declinul Imperiului Otoman. Deși Rusia <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panslavism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panslavism">Pan-slavistă</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biserica_Ortodox%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biserica Ortodoxă">Ortodoxistă</a> se considera protectoarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Serbiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Serbiei">Serbiei</a> și a altor state <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slavi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slavi">slave</a>, ea prefera ca strâmtorile <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bosfor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bosfor">Bosfor</a>-<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dardanele?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dardanele">Dardanele</a>, vitale din punct de vedere strategic, să fie controlate de un guvern otoman slab, mai degrabă decât de o putere slavă ambițioasă precum <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Bulgariei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Bulgariei">Bulgaria</a>. Deoarece Rusia avea propriile sale ambiții în nord-estul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anatolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anatolia">Anatoliei</a> și clienții lor aveau revendicări suprapuse în Balcani, echilibrarea acestora era o sursă de diviziune pentru factorii de decizie ruși și contribuia la instabilitatea regională.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin201566–67_29-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin201566%E2%80%9367-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Politicienii austrieci considerau Balcanii ca fiind esențiali pentru perpetuarea Imperiului lor, și vedeau în expansiunea sârbească o amenințare directă. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Criza_bosniac%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Criza bosniacă">Criza bosniacă</a> din 1908-1909 a izbucnit când Austria a anexat fostul teritoriu otoman al <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilaietul_Bosniei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vilaietul Bosniei">Bosniei și Herțegovinei</a>, pe care îl <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campania_austro-ungar%C4%83_%C3%AEn_Bosnia_%C8%99i_Her%C8%9Begovina_(1878)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campania austro-ungară în Bosnia și Herțegovina (1878)">ocupase</a> din 1878. Programată să coincidă cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Declara%C8%9Bia_de_independen%C8%9B%C4%83_a_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Declarația de independență a Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Declarația de independență a Bulgariei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628090" class="extiw" title="d:Q1628090"><span title="declarația de independență a Bulgariei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> față de Imperiul Otoman, această acțiune unilaterală a fost denunțată de puterile europene, dar acceptată în cele din urmă deoarece nu exista un consens cu privire la cum să fie anulată. Unii istorici văd aceasta ca o escaladare semnificativă, care a pus capăt oricărei șanse ca Austria să coopereze cu Rusia în Balcani, dăunând în același timp relațiilor cu Serbia și Italia, ambele având propriile lor ambiții expansioniste în regiune.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark201386_30-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark201386-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Tensiunile au crescut după ce <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Italo-Turc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Războiul Italo-Turc">Războiul Italo-Turc</a> din 1911–1912 a demonstrat slăbiciunea otomanilor și a dus la formarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liga_Balcanic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liga Balcanică">Ligii Balcanice</a>, o alianță între Serbia, Bulgaria, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Muntenegrului?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Muntenegrului">Muntenegru</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Greciei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Greciei">Grecia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2013251–252_31-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2013251%E2%80%93252-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liga a ocupat rapid cea mai mare parte a teritoriului otoman din Balcani în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Balcanic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primul Război Balcanic">Primul Război Balcanic</a> din 1912–1913, spre surprinderea observatorilor din afară.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin201569_32-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin201569-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Capturarea de către sârbi a porturilor de la Marea Adriatică a dus la mobilizarea parțială a Austriei la <time datetime="1912-11-21">21 noiembrie 1912</time>, inclusiv cu unități de-a lungul graniței cu Rusia din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gali%C8%9Bia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galiția">Galiția</a>. Într-o întâlnire ce a avut loc a doua zi, guvernul rus a decis să nu se mobilizeze ca răspuns, nedorind să precipite un război pentru care țara lor nu era încă pregătită.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin201573_33-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin201573-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Marile Puteri au încercat să-și reafirme controlul prin <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Londra_(1913)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de la Londra (1913)">Tratatul de la Londra</a> din 1913, care a creat o <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albania?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albania">Albanie</a> independentă, lărgând în același timp teritoriile Bulgariei, Serbiei, Muntenegrului și Greciei. Cu toate acestea, disputele dintre învingători au declanșat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Balcanic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al Doilea Război Balcanic">al Doilea Război Balcanic</a>, care a durat doar 33 de zile, când Bulgaria a atacat Serbia și Grecia pe <time datetime="1913-06-16">16 iunie 1913</time>; a fost învinsă, pierzând cea mai mare parte a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macedonia_(regiune)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macedonia (regiune)">Macedoniei</a> în favoarea Serbiei și Greciei, și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cadrilater?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cadrilater">Dobrogea de Sud</a> în favoarea României.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott20032–23_34-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott20032%E2%80%9323-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rezultatul a fost că chiar și țările care au beneficiat de războaiele balcanice, precum Serbia și Grecia, s-au simțit înșelate și private de „câștigurile lor de drept”, în timp ce pentru Austria a demonstrat indiferența aparentă cu care alte puteri își priveau preocupările, inclusiv Germania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2013288_35-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2013288-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acest amestec complex de resentimente, naționalism și nesiguranță este una din explicațiile pentru faptul că Balcanii dinainte de 1914 au devenit cunoscuți ca „<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Butoiul_cu_pulbere_al_Europei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Butoiul cu pulbere al Europei — pagină inexistentă">butoiul cu pulbere al Europei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798550" class="extiw" title="d:Q798550"><span title="butoiul cu pulbere al Europei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>”.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan199848–49_36-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan199848%E2%80%9349-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Preludiu">Preludiu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Preludiu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Asasinatul_de_la_Sarajevo">Asasinatul de la Sarajevo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Asasinatul de la Sarajevo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La <time datetime="1914-06-28">28 iunie 1914</time>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franz_Ferdinand_al_Austriei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franz Ferdinand al Austriei">arhiducele Franz Ferdinand al Austriei</a>, moștenitorul prezumtiv al împăratului <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franz_Joseph_al_Austriei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franz Joseph al Austriei">Franz Joseph</a>, a vizitat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarajevo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, capitala provinciei recent anexate <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bosnia_%C8%99i_Her%C8%9Begovina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bosnia și Herțegovina">Bosnia și Herțegovina</a>. Șase asasini<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> din mișcarea cunoscută sub numele de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A2n%C4%83ra_Bosnie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tânăra Bosnie — pagină inexistentă">Tânăra Bosnie</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505205" class="extiw" title="d:Q505205"><span title="Tânăra Bosnie la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, sau <span lang="sh" style="font-style:italic">Mlada Bosna</span>, au ocupat poziții de-a lungul traseului parcurs de coloana arhiducelui, cu intenția de a-l asasina. Aprovizionați cu arme de extremiștii din cadrul organizației sârbești de informații <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A2na_Neagr%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mâna Neagră">Mâna Neagră</a>, ei sperau că moartea lui va elibera Bosnia de stăpânirea austriacă, deși nu se căzuse la un acord asupra a ce anume ce o va înlocui.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButcher2014188–189_39-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButcher2014188%E2%80%93189-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atentatul_de_la_Sarajevo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atentatul de la Sarajevo">Nedeljko Čabrinović</a> a aruncat o <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grenad%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grenadă">grenadă</a> spre mașina arhiducelui și i-a rănit pe doi dintre însoțitorii săi, care au fost transportați la spital în timp ce convoiul și-a continuat deplasarea. Nici ceilalți asasini nu au avut mai mult succes, dar o oră mai târziu, când Ferdinand se întorcea de la vizitarea ofițerilor răniți, mașina lui a virat greșit pe o stradă unde stătea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gavrilo_Princip?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gavrilo Princip">Gavrilo Princip</a>. El a făcut un pas înainte și a tras două focuri de pistol, rănindu-i mortal pe Ferdinand și pe soția sa <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sofia,_Duces%C4%83_de_Hohenberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sofia, Ducesă de Hohenberg">Sophie</a>, care au murit ambii la scurt timp după aceea.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert199416_40-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199416-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deși împăratul Franz Joseph a fost șocat de incident, diferendele politice și personale făceau ca cei doi să nu fie apropiați; se presupune că primul său comentariu la adresa faptelor ar fi fost „o putere superioară a restabilit ordinea pe care eu, din păcate, nu am putut-o păstra”.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert199417_41-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199417-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Potrivit istoricului <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zbyn%C4%9Bk_Zeman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Zbyněk Zeman — pagină inexistentă">Zbyněk Zeman</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3495684" class="extiw" title="d:Q3495684"><span title="Zbyněk Zeman la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, reacția lui a fost mai pe larg reflectată la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viena?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viena">Viena</a>, unde „evenimentul aproape că nu a reușit să producă vreo impresie. Pe <time datetime="1914-06-28">28</time> și <time datetime="1914-06-29">29 iunie</time>, lumea asculta muzică și bea vin, de parcă nu s-ar fi întâmplat nimic.”<sup id="cite_ref-history_42-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-history-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott200326_43-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott200326-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Impactul uciderii moștenitorului tronului avea însă să fie semnificativ și a fost descris de istoricul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Clark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Christopher Clark — pagină inexistentă">Christopher Clark</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639522" class="extiw" title="d:Q639522"><span title="Christopher Clark la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> ca „un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atentatele_din_11_septembrie_2001?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atentatele din 11 septembrie 2001">efect 9/11</a>, un eveniment terorist încărcat cu semnificație istorică, care a transformat atmosfera politică de la Viena”.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Clark_20142_44-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Christopher_Clark_20142-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Escaladarea_violențelor_în_Bosnia_și_Herțegovina"><span id="Escaladarea_violen.C8.9Belor_.C3.AEn_Bosnia_.C8.99i_Her.C8.9Begovina"></span>Escaladarea violențelor în Bosnia și Herțegovina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Escaladarea violențelor în Bosnia și Herțegovina" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Autoritățile austro-ungare au încurajat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revoltele_antis%C3%A2rbe_din_Sarajevo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revoltele antisârbe din Sarajevo">răscoalele anti-sârbe ulterioare de la Sarajevo</a>, în care <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Croa%C8%9Bii_din_Bosnia_%C8%99i_Her%C8%9Begovina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Croații din Bosnia și Herțegovina — pagină inexistentă">croații bosniaci</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431089" class="extiw" title="d:Q1431089"><span title="croații din Bosnia și Herțegovina la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bosniaci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bosniaci">bosniacii</a> au ucis doi <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A2rbii_din_Bosnia_%C8%99i_Her%C8%9Begovina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sârbii din Bosnia și Herțegovina — pagină inexistentă">sârbi bosniaci</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064662" class="extiw" title="d:Q1064662"><span title="sârbii din Bosnia și Herțegovina la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și au deteriorat numeroase clădiri deținute de sârbi.<sup id="cite_ref-DjordjevićSpence1992_45-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Djordjevi%C4%87Spence1992-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acțiuni violente împotriva etnicilor sârbi au fost organizate și în afara orașului Sarajevo, în alte orașe din Bosnia și Herțegovina, Croația și Slovenia, teritorii austro-ungare. Autoritățile austro-ungare din Bosnia și Herțegovina au întemnițat și extrădat aproximativ 5.500 de sârbi importanți, dintre care 700 până la 2.200 au murit în închisoare. Alți 460 de sârbi au fost condamnați la moarte. A fost înființată o miliție specială predominant bosniacă, cunoscută sub numele de <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Schutzkorps&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Schutzkorps — pagină inexistentă">Schutzkorps</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15276646" class="extiw" title="d:Q15276646"><span title="Schutzkorps la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i>, care a condus persecuțiile împotriva sârbilor.<sup id="cite_ref-Kröll2008_47-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kr%C3%B6ll2008-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001485_48-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001485-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schindler2007_49-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schindler2007-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelikonja2003141_50-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelikonja2003141-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Criza_din_Iulie">Criza din Iulie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Criza din Iulie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Asasinarea a declanșat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Criza_din_iulie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Criza din iulie">Criza din Iulie</a>, o lună de manevre diplomatice între Austro-Ungaria, Germania, Rusia, Franța și Regatul Unit. Crezând că serviciile sârbești de informații au contribuit la organizarea uciderii lui Franz Ferdinand, oficialii austrieci au vrut să profite de această oportunitate pentru a pune capăt ingerințelor Serbiei în Bosnia și au considerat că războiul este cel mai bun mod de a realiza acest lucru.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson199612_51-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson199612-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ministerul de Externe nu avea însă nicio dovadă solidă a implicării Serbiei și singurul dosar folosit pentru a-și argumenta poziția era plin de erori.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacMillan2013532_52-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacMillan2013532-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pe <time datetime="1914-07-23">23 iulie</time>, Austria a transmis Serbiei un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Criza_din_iulie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Criza din iulie">ultimatum</a>, în care enumera zece solicitări intenționat inacceptabile pentru a-și fabrica o scuză pentru începerea ostilităților.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott200327_53-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott200327-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Serbia a ordonat mobilizarea generală pe <time datetime="1914-07-25">25 iulie</time>, dar a acceptat toate condițiile, cu excepția celor care împuterniceau reprezentanții austrieci să suprime „elementele subversive” din interiorul Serbiei și să ia parte la ancheta și procesul sârbilor asociați asasinatului.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFromkin2004196–197_54-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFromkin2004196%E2%80%93197-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacMillan2013536_55-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacMillan2013536-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pretinzând că acest lucru echivala cu o respingere, Austria a rupt relațiile diplomatice și a ordonat mobilizarea parțială a doua zi; pe <time datetime="1914-07-28">28 iulie</time>, au declarat război Serbiei și au început să bombardeze <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgrad">Belgradul</a>. După ce a inițiat pregătirile de război pe <time datetime="1914-07-25">25 iulie</time>, Rusia a ordonat acum mobilizarea generală în sprijinul Serbiei pe <time datetime="1914-07-30">30</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieven2016326_56-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieven2016326-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Nerăbdător să asigure sprijinul din partea opoziției politice <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partidul_Social_Democrat_din_Germania?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Partidul Social Democrat din Germania">SPD</a> prin prezentarea Rusiei drept agresoare, Bethmann Hollweg a amânat începerea pregătirilor de război până la <time datetime="1914-07-31">31 iulie</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2013526–527_57-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2013526%E2%80%93527-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În acea după-amiază, guvernului rus i s-a înmânat o notă prin care i se cerea „să înceteze toate măsurile de război împotriva Germaniei și Austro-Ungariei” în termen de 12 ore.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartel2014335_58-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartel2014335-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O nouă cerere de neutralitate din partea Germaniei a fost refuzată de francezi care au ordonat mobilizarea generală, dar au amânat declararea războiului.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert199427_59-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199427-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Statul Major german se aștepta demult să se confrunte cu un război pe două fronturi; <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Planul_Schlieffen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Planul Schlieffen">Planul Schlieffen</a> prevedea folosirea a 80% din armată pentru a învinge Franța în vest, apoi trecerea la Rusia. Deoarece acest lucru le impunea să se miște rapid, au fost emise ordine de mobilizare chiar în acea după-amiază.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton200345_60-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton200345-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La o ședință din <time datetime="1914-07-29">29 iulie</time>, cabinetul britanic a adoptat la limită o hotărâre conform căreia obligațiile sale față de Belgia în temeiul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Londra_(1839)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de la Londra (1839)">tratatului de la Londra</a> din 1839 nu în impunea să se opună unei invazii germane cu forță militară. Aceasta fusese însă determinată în mare măsură de dorința primului ministru <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H._H._Asquith?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a> de a menține unitatea; el și miniștrii săi cei mai importanți erau deja angajați să sprijine Franța, Marina Regală fusese mobilizată și opinia publică era ferm în favoarea intervenției.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2013539–541_61-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2013539%E2%80%93541-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La <time datetime="1914-07-31">31 iulie</time>, Regatul Unit a trimis note Germaniei și Franței, în care li se cerea să respecte neutralitatea Belgiei; Franța s-a angajat să facă acest lucru, Germania nu a răspuns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert199429_62-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199429-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Odată cu expirarea ultimatumului german către Rusia în dimineața zilei de <time datetime="1914-08-01">1 august</time>, cele două țări au intrat în război. Mai târziu, în aceeași zi, Wilhelm a fost informat de ambasadorul său la Londra, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Karl_Max_von_Lichnowsky&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Karl Max von Lichnowsky — pagină inexistentă">prințul Lichnowsky</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213732" class="extiw" title="d:Q213732"><span title="Karl Max von Lichnowsky la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, că Regatul Unit va rămâne neutru dacă Franța nu va fi atacată și ar putea să nu intervină deloc, având în vedere <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Criza_Autonomiei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Criza Autonomiei — pagină inexistentă">criza autonomiei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16257567" class="extiw" title="d:Q16257567"><span title="Criza Autonomiei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> în curs de desfășurare în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irlanda_(insul%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irlanda (insulă)">Irlanda</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan200948_63-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoogan200948-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jubilând la această știre, el i-a ordonat generalului <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helmuth_Johannes_Ludwig_von_Moltke?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helmuth Johannes Ludwig von Moltke">Moltke</a>, șeful de stat major german, să „trimită întreaga<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;</span>... armată spre Est”. Aceasta l-a adus pe Moltke în pragul unei crize de nervi, după ce a protestat că „nu se poate face. Desfășurarea a milioane de oameni nu poate fi improvizată.”<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lichnowsky și-a dat seama curând că se înșela, deși Wilhelm a insistat să aștepte o telegramă de la vărul său <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_al_V-lea_al_Regatului_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George al V-lea al Regatului Unit">George al V-lea</a>; odată primită, a confirmat că a existat o neînțelegere și i-a spus lui Moltke: „Acum fă ce vrei”.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin2014342,349_65-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin2014342,349-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Conștient de planurile germane de a ataca prin Belgia, comandantul suprem francez <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Joffre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Joffre">Joseph Joffre</a> a cerut guvernului său permisiunea de a trece granița și de a preîntâmpina o astfel de manevră. Pentru a evita o încălcare a neutralității Belgiei, i s-a spus că orice înaintare ar putea veni doar după o invazie germană.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacMillan2013579–580,_585_66-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacMillan2013579%E2%80%93580,_585-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pe <time datetime="1914-08-02">2 august</time>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ocupa%C8%9Bia_Luxemburgului_%C3%AEn_timpul_Primului_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ocupația Luxemburgului în timpul Primului Război Mondial — pagină inexistentă">Germania a ocupat Luxemburgul</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153214" class="extiw" title="d:Q153214"><span title="ocupația Luxemburgului în timpul Primului Război Mondial la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și a schimbat focuri cu unitățile franceze; pe <time datetime="1914-08-03">3 august</time>, au declarat război Franței și au cerut trecerea liberă prin Belgia, cerere care le-a fost refuzată. Devreme în dimineața de <time datetime="1914-08-04">4 august</time>, germanii au declanșat invazia, iar <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_I_al_Belgiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert I al Belgiei">Albert I al Belgiei</a> a cerut asistență în temeiul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Londra_(1839)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de la Londra (1839)">tratatului de la Londra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowe20014–5_67-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe20014%E2%80%935-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott200329_68-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott200329-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regatul Unit a trimis Germaniei un ultimatum prin care cerea retragerea din Belgia; când acesta a expirat la miezul nopții fără răspuns, cele două imperii erau în război.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2013550–551_69-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2013550%E2%80%93551-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Progresul_războiului"><span id="Progresul_r.C4.83zboiului"></span>Progresul războiului</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Progresul războiului" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Deschiderea_ostilităților"><span id="Deschiderea_ostilit.C4.83.C8.9Bilor"></span>Deschiderea ostilităților</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Deschiderea ostilităților" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Deruta_între_Puterile_Centrale"><span id="Deruta_.C3.AEntre_Puterile_Centrale"></span>Deruta între Puterile Centrale</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Deruta între Puterile Centrale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Strategia Puterilor Centrale a avut de suferit de pe urma proastei comunicări. Germania promisese că va sprijini invazia Serbiei de către Austro-Ungaria, dar interpretările a ceea ce înseamnă aceasta diferă. Planurile de desfășurare testate anterior fuseseră înlocuite la începutul anului 1914, dar acestea nu fuseseră niciodată testate în exerciții. Liderii austro-ungari credeau că Germania își va acoperi flancul nordic împotriva Rusiei.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrachan2003292–296,_343–354_70-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrachan2003292%E2%80%93296,_343%E2%80%93354-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germania și-a imaginat că Austro-Ungaria își va îndrepta majoritatea trupelor împotriva Rusiei, în timp ce Germania s-ar fi ocupat de Franța. Această confuzie a forțat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C8%9Bele_Armate_Austro-Ungare?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forțele Armate Austro-Ungare">armata austro-ungară</a> să-și împartă forțele între frontul rus și cel sârb.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Campania_din_Serbia">Campania din Serbia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Campania din Serbia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:FirstSerbianArmedPlane1915.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/FirstSerbianArmedPlane1915.jpg/220px-FirstSerbianArmedPlane1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1602" data-file-height="798"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 110px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/FirstSerbianArmedPlane1915.jpg/220px-FirstSerbianArmedPlane1915.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="110" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/FirstSerbianArmedPlane1915.jpg/330px-FirstSerbianArmedPlane1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/FirstSerbianArmedPlane1915.jpg/440px-FirstSerbianArmedPlane1915.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bl%C3%A9riot_XI?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blériot XI">Blériot XI</a> „Oluj” al armatei sârbe, 1915 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Începând cu <time datetime="1914-08-12">12 august</time>, austriecii și sârbii s-au ciocnit în bătăliile de la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_pe_Muntele_Cer?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de pe Muntele Cer">Cer</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Kolubara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Kolubara — pagină inexistentă">Kolubara</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682699" class="extiw" title="d:Q682699"><span title="bătălia de la Kolubara la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>; în următoarele două săptămâni, atacurile austriece au fost respinse cu pierderi grele, ceea ce le-a spulberat speranțele la o victorie rapidă și a marcat primele victorii majore ale aliaților din război. Drept urmare, Austria a trebuit să mențină forțe considerabile pe frontul sârbesc, slăbindu-și eforturile împotriva Rusiei.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005172_71-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005172-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Înfrângerea de către Serbia a invaziei din 1914 a fost numită una dintre marile răsturnări ale secolului al XX-lea.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchindler2002159–195_72-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchindler2002159%E2%80%93195-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În primăvara anului 1915, în această campanie s-a utilizat pentru prima oară <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboi_antiaerian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Război antiaerian — pagină inexistentă">războiul antiaerian</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86739852" class="extiw" title="d:Q86739852"><span title="război antiaerian la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> după ce un avion austriac a fost doborât cu tir <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rachet%C4%83_sol-aer?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rachetă sol-aer">sol-aer</a>, precum și prima <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Evacuare_medical%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Evacuare medicală — pagină inexistentă">evacuare medicală</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655177" class="extiw" title="d:Q655177"><span title="evacuare medicală la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> efectuată de către armata sârbă în toamna anului 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Ofensiva_germană_în_Belgia_și_Franța"><span id="Ofensiva_german.C4.83_.C3.AEn_Belgia_.C8.99i_Fran.C8.9Ba"></span>Ofensiva germană în Belgia și Franța</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ofensiva germană în Belgia și Franța" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:German_soldiers_in_a_railroad_car_on_the_way_to_the_front_during_early_World_War_I,_taken_in_1914._Taken_from_greatwar.nl_site.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/German_soldiers_in_a_railroad_car_on_the_way_to_the_front_during_early_World_War_I%2C_taken_in_1914._Taken_from_greatwar.nl_site.jpg/220px-German_soldiers_in_a_railroad_car_on_the_way_to_the_front_during_early_World_War_I%2C_taken_in_1914._Taken_from_greatwar.nl_site.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="459"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 155px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/German_soldiers_in_a_railroad_car_on_the_way_to_the_front_during_early_World_War_I%2C_taken_in_1914._Taken_from_greatwar.nl_site.jpg/220px-German_soldiers_in_a_railroad_car_on_the_way_to_the_front_during_early_World_War_I%2C_taken_in_1914._Taken_from_greatwar.nl_site.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/German_soldiers_in_a_railroad_car_on_the_way_to_the_front_during_early_World_War_I%2C_taken_in_1914._Taken_from_greatwar.nl_site.jpg/330px-German_soldiers_in_a_railroad_car_on_the_way_to_the_front_during_early_World_War_I%2C_taken_in_1914._Taken_from_greatwar.nl_site.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/German_soldiers_in_a_railroad_car_on_the_way_to_the_front_during_early_World_War_I%2C_taken_in_1914._Taken_from_greatwar.nl_site.jpg/440px-German_soldiers_in_a_railroad_car_on_the_way_to_the_front_during_early_World_War_I%2C_taken_in_1914._Taken_from_greatwar.nl_site.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Soldați germani în drum spre front în 1914; în acest stadiu, toate părțile se așteptau ca conflictul să fie unul scurt. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La mobilizarea în 1914, 80% din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Armata_german%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Armata germană — pagină inexistentă">armata germană</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5551044" class="extiw" title="d:Q5551044"><span title="armata germană la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> era situată pe frontul de vest, restul acționând ca o forță de protecție în est; Intitulat oficial <span lang="de" style="font-style:italic">Aufmarsch II West</span><i>,</i> este mai bine cunoscut sub numele de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Planul_Schlieffen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Planul Schlieffen">Planul Schlieffen</a> după creatorul său, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_von_Schlieffen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred von Schlieffen">Alfred von Schlieffen</a>, șeful <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Statului_Major_General_german&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Statului Major General german — pagină inexistentă">Statului Major General german</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10572199" class="extiw" title="d:Q10572199"><span title="Statului Major General german la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> din 1891 până în 1906. În locul unui atac direct peste granița lor comună, aripa dreaptă germană avea să pătrundă prin <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C8%9A%C4%83rile_de_Jos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Țările de Jos">Țările de Jos</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgia">Belgia</a>, apoi să se îndrepte spre sud, încercuind Parisul și prinzând armata franceză la granița cu Elveția. Schlieffen a estimat că toate acestea vor dura șase săptămâni, după care armata germană se va transfera în est și îi va învinge pe ruși.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson200422_75-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson200422-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Planul a fost modificat substanțial de succesorul său, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helmuth_Johannes_Ludwig_von_Moltke?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helmuth Johannes Ludwig von Moltke">Helmuth von Moltke cel Tânăr</a>. Conform lui Schlieffen, 85% din forțele germane din vest au fost repartizate în aripa dreaptă, restul menținând pozițiile de-a lungul frontierei. Menținându-și aripa stângă în mod deliberat slabă, el spera să-i ademenească pe francezi într-o ofensivă în „provincile pierdute” <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alsacia-Lorena?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alsacia-Lorena">Alsacia-Lorena</a>, care era de fapt strategia prevăzută de al lor <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plan_XVII&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Plan XVII — pagină inexistentă">Plan XVII</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899067" class="extiw" title="d:Q899067"><span title="Plan XVII la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson200422_75-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson200422-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cu toate acestea, Moltke a devenit îngrijorat de faptul că francezii ar putea presa prea tare pe flancul său stâng și, pe măsură ce armata germană creștea în dimensiune din 1908 până în 1914, el a schimbat alocarea forțelor între cele două aripi de la 85:15 la 70:30.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorne196422_76-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorne196422-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De asemenea, el considera neutralitatea olandezilor ca esențială pentru comerțul german și a anulat incursiunea în Țările de Jos, ceea ce însemna că orice întârzieri în Belgia amenințau întreaga viabilitate a planului. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson200423_77-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson200423-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istoricul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Richard_Holmes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Richard Holmes — pagină inexistentă">Richard Holmes</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3069612" class="extiw" title="d:Q3069612"><span title="Richard Holmes la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> susține că aceste schimbări au însemnat că aripa dreaptă nu este suficient de puternică pentru a obține un succes decisiv și, astfel, au condus la obiective nerealiste.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2014194,_211_78-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2014194,_211-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Georges_Scott,_A_la_ba%C3%AFonnette_!.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Georges_Scott%2C_A_la_ba%C3%AFonnette_%21.jpg/220px-Georges_Scott%2C_A_la_ba%C3%AFonnette_%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="621"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Georges_Scott%2C_A_la_ba%C3%AFonnette_%21.jpg/220px-Georges_Scott%2C_A_la_ba%C3%AFonnette_%21.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Georges_Scott%2C_A_la_ba%C3%AFonnette_%21.jpg/330px-Georges_Scott%2C_A_la_ba%C3%AFonnette_%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Georges_Scott%2C_A_la_ba%C3%AFonnette_%21.jpg/440px-Georges_Scott%2C_A_la_ba%C3%AFonnette_%21.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Șarjă la baionetă a francezilor în timpul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_Frontierelor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia Frontierelor — pagină inexistentă">Bătăliei Frontierelor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q687572" class="extiw" title="d:Q687572"><span title="Bătălia Frontierelor la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>; până la sfârșitul lunii august, victimele franceze au depășit 260.000, inclusiv 75.000 morți. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Înaintarea inițială a Germaniei în vest a mers foarte bine și până la sfârșitul lunii august, stânga Aliaților, care includea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=For%C8%9Ba_Expedi%C8%9Bionar%C4%83_Britanic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Forța Expediționară Britanică — pagină inexistentă">Forța Expediționară Britanică</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919272" class="extiw" title="d:Q919272"><span title="Forța Expediționară Britanică la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> (BEF), era în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Marea_Retragere&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Marea Retragere — pagină inexistentă">plină retragere</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2707293" class="extiw" title="d:Q2707293"><span title="Marea Retragere la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. În același timp, ofensiva franceză din Alsacia-Lorena a fost un eșec dezastruos, victimele depășind 260.000, inclusiv 27.000 uciși pe <time datetime="1914-08-22">22 august</time> în timpul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_Frontierelor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia Frontierelor — pagină inexistentă">Bătăliei Frontierelor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q687572" class="extiw" title="d:Q687572"><span title="Bătălia Frontierelor la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson201254_79-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson201254-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Planificarea germană furniza instrucțiuni strategice generale, permițând în același timp comandanților armatei o libertate considerabilă în a le îndeplini pe front; aceasta a funcționat bine în 1866 și 1870, dar în 1914, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_von_Kluck?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexander von Kluck">von Kluck</a> s-a folosit de această libertate pentru a nu respecta ordinele, deschizând un decalaj între armatele germane în timp ce acestea strângeau cercul în jurul Parisului.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson201855_80-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson201855-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Francezii și britanicii au exploatat acest decalaj pentru a opri înaintarea germană la est de Paris în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prima_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_pe_Marna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prima bătălie de pe Marna">prima bătălie de pe Marna</a> din <time datetime="1914-09-05">5</time><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;</span>până la <time datetime="1914-09-12">12 septembrie</time> și a împinge forțele germane înapoi cu aproximativ 50&nbsp;km.</p> <p>În 1911, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/STAVKA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="STAVKA">Stavka</a> rusă convenise cu francezii să atace Germania în cincisprezece zile de la mobilizare, cu zece zile înainte ca germanii să fi anticipat, deși aceasta a însemnat că cele două armate ruse care au pătruns în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prusia_R%C4%83s%C4%83ritean%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prusia Răsăriteană">Prusia Orientală</a> pe <time datetime="1914-08-17">17 august</time> au venit fără multe dintre elementele lor de sprijin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieven2016327_81-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieven2016327-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deși <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Armata_a_II-a_Rus%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Armata a II-a Rusă — pagină inexistentă">Armata a II-a Rusă</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651410" class="extiw" title="d:Q2651410"><span title="Armata a II-a Rusă la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a fost distrusă efectiv în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Tannenberg_(1914)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Tannenberg (1914)">bătălia de la Tannenberg</a> din <time datetime="1914-08-26">26</time>–<time datetime="1914-08-30">30 august</time>, înaintarea acesteia i-a determinat pe germani să-și redirecționeze <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Armata_a_VIII-a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Armata a VIII-a — pagină inexistentă">Armata a VIII-a</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270188" class="extiw" title="d:Q270188"><span title="Armata a VIII-a la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> din Franța către Prusia Orientală, fapt ce a jucat un rol în victoria aliaților pe Marna.</p> <p>Până la sfârșitul anului 1914, trupele germane dețineau poziții defensive puternice în interiorul Franței, controlau cea mai mare parte a zăcămintelor de cărbune din interiorul Franței și provocaseră cu 230.000 de victime mai multe decât pierduseră. Cu toate acestea, problemele de comunicații și deciziile de comandă îndoielnice au costat Germania șansa unui rezultat decisiv, în timp ce ea nu reușise să atingă obiectivul principal de a evita un război lung, pe două fronturi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005376–378_82-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005376%E2%80%93378-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După cum a fost evident pentru mai mulți lideri germani, aceasta a echivalat cu o înfrângere strategică; la scurt timp după Marna, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilhelm,_Prin%C8%9B_Mo%C8%99tenitor_al_Germaniei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wilhelm, Prinț Moștenitor al Germaniei">prințul moștenitor Wilhelm</a> i-a spus unui reporter american: „Am pierdut războiul. Va continua mult timp, dar este deja pierdut.”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorne1964221_83-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorne1964221-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Asia_și_Pacific"><span id="Asia_.C8.99i_Pacific"></span>Asia și Pacific</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Asia și Pacific" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:World_1914_empires_colonies_territory.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/World_1914_empires_colonies_territory.PNG/220px-World_1914_empires_colonies_territory.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1522" data-file-height="628"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 91px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/World_1914_empires_colonies_territory.PNG/220px-World_1914_empires_colonies_territory.PNG" data-width="220" data-height="91" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/World_1914_empires_colonies_territory.PNG/330px-World_1914_empires_colonies_territory.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/World_1914_empires_colonies_territory.PNG/440px-World_1914_empires_colonies_territory.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Imperiile și coloniile mondiale în jurul anului 1914 </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <time datetime="1914-08-30">30 august 1914</time>, Noua Zeelandă <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ocupa%C8%9Bia_Samoei_Germane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ocupația Samoei Germane — pagină inexistentă">a ocupat Samoa germană</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081983" class="extiw" title="d:Q2081983"><span title="ocupația Samoei Germane la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, astăzi statul independent <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>. La <time datetime="1914-09-11">11 septembrie</time>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=For%C8%9Ba_Expedi%C8%9Bionar%C4%83_Naval%C4%83_%C8%99i_Militar%C4%83_Australian%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Forța Expediționară Navală și Militară Australiană — pagină inexistentă">Forța Expediționară Navală și Militară Australiană</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3076895" class="extiw" title="d:Q3076895"><span title="Forța Expediționară Navală și Militară Australiană la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a debarcat pe insula <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Noua_Britanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Noua Britanie">Noua Britanie</a>, pe atunci parte din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Noua_Guinee_German%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Noua Guinee Germană">Noua Guinee germană</a>. Pe <time datetime="1914-10-28">28 octombrie</time>, crucișătorul german <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=SMS_Emden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="SMS Emden — pagină inexistentă">SMS&nbsp;<i>Emden</i></a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Emden" class="extiw" title="en:SMS Emden"><span title="„SMS Emden” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title%3DSpecial:ContentTranslation%26campaign%3Dcontributionsmenu%26to%3Dro%26from%3Den%26page%3DSMS%2BEmden%26targettitle%3DSMS%2BEmden">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a scufundat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jemciug&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jemciug — pagină inexistentă">crucișătorul rus <i>Jemciug</i></a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940253" class="extiw" title="d:Q940253"><span title="Jemciug la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Penang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Penang — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Penang</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661859" class="extiw" title="d:Q2661859"><span title="bătălia de la Penang la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. Japonia a declarat război Germaniei înainte de a ocupa teritoriile din Pacific care mai târziu au devenit <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mandatul_M%C4%83rilor_Sudului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mandatul Mărilor Sudului — pagină inexistentă">Mandatul Mărilor Sudului</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718763" class="extiw" title="d:Q718763"><span title="Mandatul Mărilor Sudului la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, precum și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Porturile_Tratatului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Porturile Tratatului — pagină inexistentă">porturile Tratatului</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282843" class="extiw" title="d:Q282843"><span title="porturile Tratatului la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> deținute de germani în peninsula chineză <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shandong?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsingtao&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tsingtao — pagină inexistentă">Tsingtao</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706563" class="extiw" title="d:Q706563"><span title="Tsingtao la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. După ce Viena a refuzat să-și retragă crucișătorul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=SMS_Kaiserin_Elisabeth&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth — pagină inexistentă">SMS&nbsp;<i>Kaiserin Elisabeth</i></a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Kaiserin_Elisabeth" class="extiw" title="en:SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth"><span title="„SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title%3DSpecial:ContentTranslation%26campaign%3Dcontributionsmenu%26to%3Dro%26from%3Den%26page%3DSMS%2BKaiserin%2BElisabeth%26targettitle%3DSMS%2BKaiserin%2BElisabeth">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din Tsingtao, Japonia a declarat război și Austro-Ungariei, iar nava a fost scufundată la Tsingtao în noiembrie 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonko201279_84-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonko201279-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În câteva luni, forțele aliate au capturat toate teritoriile germane din Pacific, lăsând doar nave comerciale izolate și câțiva zone de rezistență în Noua Guinee.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998224–232_85-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998224%E2%80%93232-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalls196079–80_86-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFalls196079%E2%80%9380-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Campaniile_africane">Campaniile africane</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Campaniile africane" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Unele dintre primele ciocniri ale războiului au implicat forțele coloniale britanice, franceze și germane din Africa. În perioada <time datetime="1914-08-06">6</time>–<time datetime="1914-08-07">7 august</time>, trupele franceze și britanice au invadat protectoratul german din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Togoland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Togoland — pagină inexistentă">Togoland</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161062" class="extiw" title="d:Q161062"><span title="Togoland la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kamerun?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a>. La <time datetime="1914-08-10">10 august</time>, forțele germane din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Africa_de_Sud-Vest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Africa de Sud-Vest — pagină inexistentă">Africa de Sud-Vest</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153665" class="extiw" title="d:Q153665"><span title="Africa de Sud-Vest la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> au atacat Africa de Sud; luptele sporadice și acerbe au continuat pentru tot restul războiului. Forțele coloniale germane din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa_de_Est_German%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa de Est Germană">Africa de Est germană</a>, conduse de colonelul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Emil_von_Lettow-Vorbeck?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck">Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck</a>, au luptat într-o campanie de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_de_gheril%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Război de gherilă">război de gherilă</a> pe toată durata Primului Război Mondial și au capitulat abia la două săptămâni după ce armistițiul a intrat în vigoare în Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarwell1989353_87-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarwell1989353-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Sprijinul_indian_pentru_Aliați"><span id="Sprijinul_indian_pentru_Alia.C8.9Bi"></span>Sprijinul indian pentru Aliați</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sprijinul indian pentru Aliați" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Indian_forces_on_their_way_to_the_Front_in_Flanders_-_first_world_war_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Indian_forces_on_their_way_to_the_Front_in_Flanders_-_first_world_war_2.jpg/220px-Indian_forces_on_their_way_to_the_Front_in_Flanders_-_first_world_war_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="548"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Indian_forces_on_their_way_to_the_Front_in_Flanders_-_first_world_war_2.jpg/220px-Indian_forces_on_their_way_to_the_Front_in_Flanders_-_first_world_war_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Indian_forces_on_their_way_to_the_Front_in_Flanders_-_first_world_war_2.jpg/330px-Indian_forces_on_their_way_to_the_Front_in_Flanders_-_first_world_war_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Indian_forces_on_their_way_to_the_Front_in_Flanders_-_first_world_war_2.jpg/440px-Indian_forces_on_their_way_to_the_Front_in_Flanders_-_first_world_war_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Divizii de infanterie ale <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Armatei_Indiene_Britanice&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Armatei Indiene Britanice — pagină inexistentă">Armatei Indiene Britanice</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642932" class="extiw" title="d:Q642932"><span title="Armatei Indiene Britanice la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> în Franța; aceste trupe au fost retrase în decembrie 1915 și au servit în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campania_din_Mesopotamia_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campania din Mesopotamia (Primul Război Mondial)">campania din Mesopotamia</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Înainte de război, Germania a încercat să folosească naționalismul și panislamismul indian în avantajul său, o politică continuată după 1914 prin <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conspira%C8%9Bia_indo-german%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conspirația indo-germană">instigarea revoltelor în India</a>, în timp ce <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Expedi%C8%9Bia_Niedermayer-Hentig&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Expediția Niedermayer-Hentig — pagină inexistentă">expediția Niedermayer-Hentig</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988262" class="extiw" title="d:Q1988262"><span title="expediția Niedermayer-Hentig la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a îndemnat Afganistanul să se alăture războiului de partea Puterilor Centrale. Cu toate acestea, spre deosebire de temerile britanicilor față o revoltă în India, izbucnirea războiului a adus o reducere a activității naționaliste,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1994197–198_88-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1994197%E2%80%93198-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1994201–203_89-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1994201%E2%80%93203-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> în mare parte pentru că liderii <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Congresul_Na%C8%9Bional_Indian?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Congresul Național Indian">Congresului Național Indian</a> și ai altor grupuri credeau că sprijinul pentru efortul de război britanic va grăbi <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Autonomia_Indiei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Autonomia Indiei — pagină inexistentă">autonomia Indiei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6020526" class="extiw" title="d:Q6020526"><span title="autonomia Indiei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, o promisiune făcută explicit în 1917 de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Montagu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Edwin Montagu — pagină inexistentă">Edwin Montagu</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332572" class="extiw" title="d:Q332572"><span title="Edwin Montagu la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, pe atunci <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Secretar_de_stat_pentru_India&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Secretar de stat pentru India — pagină inexistentă">secretar de stat pentru India</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639769" class="extiw" title="d:Q639769"><span title="secretar de stat pentru India la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> . <sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>În 1914, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Armata_Indian%C4%83_Britanic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Armata Indiană Britanică — pagină inexistentă">Armata Indiană Britanică</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642932" class="extiw" title="d:Q642932"><span title="Armata Indiană Britanică la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> era mai numeroasă decât armata britanică însăși, iar între 1914 și 1918 se estimează că 1,3&nbsp;milioane de soldați și muncitori indieni au servit în Europa, Africa și Orientul Mijlociu, în timp ce <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India_Britanic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India Britanică">guvernul Indiei</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Stat_princiar_%C3%AEn_India_Britanic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Stat princiar în India Britanică — pagină inexistentă">aliații săi princiari</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1336152" class="extiw" title="d:Q1336152"><span title="stat princiar în India Britanică la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> au furnizat cantități mari de alimente, bani și muniție. În total, 140.000&nbsp;soldații au servit pe Frontul de Vest și aproape 700.000 în Orientul Mijlociu, cu 47.746 morți și 65.126 răniți.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suferința generată de război, precum și faptul că guvernul britanic nu s-a ținut de cuvântul dat că va acorda autonomie Indiei după încheierea ostilităților, au generat deziluzie și au alimentat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mi%C8%99carea_pentru_independen%C8%9Ba_Indiei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mișcarea pentru independența Indiei — pagină inexistentă">campania pentru independența deplină</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12444025" class="extiw" title="d:Q12444025"><span title="mișcarea pentru independența Indiei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> care avea să fie condusă de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> și alții.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Frontul_de_Vest_între_1914_și_1916"><span id="Frontul_de_Vest_.C3.AEntre_1914_.C8.99i_1916"></span>Frontul de Vest între 1914 și 1916</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Frontul de Vest între 1914 și 1916" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Începutul_războiului_de_tranșee"><span id=".C3.8Enceputul_r.C4.83zboiului_de_tran.C8.99ee"></span>Începutul războiului de tranșee</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Începutul războiului de tranșee" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Indian_infantry_digging_trenches_Fauquissart,_France_(Photo_24-299).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Indian_infantry_digging_trenches_Fauquissart%2C_France_%28Photo_24-299%29.jpg/220px-Indian_infantry_digging_trenches_Fauquissart%2C_France_%28Photo_24-299%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="712"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 287px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Indian_infantry_digging_trenches_Fauquissart%2C_France_%28Photo_24-299%29.jpg/220px-Indian_infantry_digging_trenches_Fauquissart%2C_France_%28Photo_24-299%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="287" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Indian_infantry_digging_trenches_Fauquissart%2C_France_%28Photo_24-299%29.jpg/330px-Indian_infantry_digging_trenches_Fauquissart%2C_France_%28Photo_24-299%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Indian_infantry_digging_trenches_Fauquissart%2C_France_%28Photo_24-299%29.jpg/440px-Indian_infantry_digging_trenches_Fauquissart%2C_France_%28Photo_24-299%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Armata_Indian%C4%83_%C3%AEn_Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Armata Indiană în Primul Război Mondial — pagină inexistentă">Soldații indieni britanici</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2605509" class="extiw" title="d:Q2605509"><span title="Armata Indiană în Primul Război Mondial la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> săpând tranșee în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laventie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laventie">Laventie</a>, Franța (1915). </figcaption> </figure> <p>Tacticile militare de dinainte de război care puneau accent pe războiul deschis și pe pușcașul individual s-au dovedit depășite atunci când au fost încercate în condițiile predominante din 1914. Progresele tehnologice au permis crearea unor sisteme defensive puternice, în mare măsură impenetrabile prin înaintări în masă ale infanteriei, precum <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A2rm%C4%83_ghimpat%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sârmă ghimpată">sârma ghimpată</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mitralier%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mitralieră">mitralierele</a> și, mai ales, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artilerie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artilerie">artileria</a> mult mai puternică, care domina câmpul de luptă și făcea extrem de dificilă traversarea terenului deschis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaudzens1990424_93-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaudzens1990424-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ambele tabere au avut mari dificultăți în a dezvolta tactici pentru penetrarea pozițiilor inamice cantonate în tranșee fără a suferi pierderi grele. În timp, însă, tehnologia a început să producă noi arme ofensive, cum ar fi <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arme_chimice_%C3%AEn_Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Arme chimice în Primul Război Mondial — pagină inexistentă">războiul cu gaze</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1466634" class="extiw" title="d:Q1466634"><span title="arme chimice în Primul Război Mondial la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tancul?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tancul">tancul</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757867" class="extiw" title="d:Q1757867"><span title="tancul la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaudzens1990421–423_94-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaudzens1990421%E2%80%93423-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>După <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prima_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_pe_Marna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prima bătălie de pe Marna">prima bătălie de pe Marna</a> din septembrie 1914, forțele aliate și cele germane au încercat fără succes să se flancheze reciproc, o serie de manevre cunoscute mai târziu sub numele de „<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cursa_c%C4%83tre_mare&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cursa către mare — pagină inexistentă">Cursa către mare</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250747" class="extiw" title="d:Q250747"><span title="Cursa către mare la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>”. Până la sfârșitul anului 1914, cele două tabere se confruntau de-a lungul unei linii neîntrerupte de tranșee de la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canalul_M%C3%A2necii?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canalul Mânecii">Canalul Mânecii</a> până la granițele Elveției.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert199499_95-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199499-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deoarece germanii aveau de regulă capacitatea de a-și alege pozițiile, ei au ocupat în general terenul înalt, iar tranșeele lor tindeau să fie mai bine construite; cele construite de francezi și englezi au fost considerate inițial „temporare”, necesare doar până când o ofensivă va spulbera defensiva germană.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodspeed1985199_96-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodspeed1985199-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ambele părți au încercat să iasă din impas folosind progrese științifice și tehnologice. La <time datetime="1915-04-22">22 aprilie 1915</time>, în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=A_doua_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_la_Ypres&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="A doua bătălie de la Ypres — pagină inexistentă">a doua bătălie de la Ypres</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233219" class="extiw" title="d:Q233219"><span title="a doua bătălie de la Ypres la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, germanii (încălcând <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conven%C8%9Biile_de_la_Haga_din_1899_%C8%99i_1907?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Convențiile de la Haga din 1899 și 1907">Convenția de la Haga</a>) au folosit pentru prima dată <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clor">clor</a> gazos pe frontul de vest. Câteva tipuri de gaz au devenit curând utilizate pe scară largă de ambele părți și, deși nu s-a dovedit niciodată a fi o armă decisivă, câștigătoare de bătălie, a devenit una dintre cele mai de temut și mai clar amintite orori ale războiului.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELove1996_98-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTELove1996-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Continuarea_războiului_de_tranșee"><span id="Continuarea_r.C4.83zboiului_de_tran.C8.99ee"></span>Continuarea războiului de tranșee</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Continuarea războiului de tranșee" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Niciuna dintre părți nu s-a dovedit capabilă să dea o lovitură decisivă în următorii doi ani. Pe parcursul anilor 1915–1917, Imperiul Britanic și Franța au suferit mai multe pierderi decât Germania, din cauza pozițiilor strategice și tactice alese de părți. Strategic, în timp ce germanii au organizat o singură ofensivă majoră, aliații au făcut mai multe încercări de a străpunge liniile germane.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:The_Battle_of_the_Somme,_July-november_1916_Q4218.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4218.jpg/220px-The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4218.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2862"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 178px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4218.jpg/220px-The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4218.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="178" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4218.jpg/330px-The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4218.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4218.jpg/440px-The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4218.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Victime germane, Somme 1916 </figcaption> </figure> <p>În februarie 1916, germanii au atacat pozițiile defensive franceze în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Verdun?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Verdun">bătălia de la Verdun</a>, care a durat până în decembrie 1916. Germanii au obținut la început câteva mici victorii, înainte ca contraatacurile franceze să readucă lucrurile aproape de punctul de plecare. Pierderile au fost mai mari pentru francezi, dar și germanii au pierdut mulți oameni, cu 700.000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDupuy19931042_99-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDupuy19931042-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> până la 975.000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrant2005276_100-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant2005276-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> de victime totale în cele două tabere. Verdun a devenit un simbol al hotărârii francezilor și al sacrificiului de sine.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_pe_Somme_(1916)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de pe Somme (1916)">Bătălia de pe Somme</a> a fost o ofensivă anglo-franceză desfășurată din iulie până în noiembrie 1916. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prima_zi_a_b%C4%83t%C4%83liei_de_pe_Somme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prima zi a bătăliei de pe Somme — pagină inexistentă">Ziua inaugurală</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5454155" class="extiw" title="d:Q5454155"><span title="prima zi a bătăliei de pe Somme la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <time datetime="1916-07-01">1 iulie 1916</time>, a fost cea mai sângeroasă zi din istoria <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armata_Britanic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armata Britanică">armatei britanice</a>, care a suferit 57.470 de victime, inclusiv 19.240 de morți. În ansamblu, ofensiva de pe Somme a dus la aproximativ 420.000 de victime britanice, împreună cu 200.000 de francezi și 500.000 de germani.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2008271_102-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2008271-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Focurile de armă nu au fost singurul factor care a luat vieți; bolile care au apărut în tranșee au fost un ucigaș major de ambele părți. Condițiile de viață făceau astfel încât să apară nenumărate boli și infecții, cum ar fi <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Piciorul_de_tran%C8%99ee&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Piciorul de tranșee — pagină inexistentă">piciorul de tranșee</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660072" class="extiw" title="d:Q1660072"><span title="piciorul de tranșee la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nevroza_traumatic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nevroza traumatică — pagină inexistentă">nevroza traumatică</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15061465" class="extiw" title="d:Q15061465"><span title="nevroza traumatică la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, orbirea/arsurile produse de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iperit%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iperită">iperită</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ftiraptere?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ftiraptere">păduchii</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Febra_tran%C8%99eei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Febra tranșeei — pagină inexistentă">febra tranșeei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393477" class="extiw" title="d:Q393477"><span title="febra tranșeei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C4%83duche_de_corp?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Păduche de corp">păduchii de corp</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grip%C4%83_spaniol%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gripă spaniolă">gripa spaniolă</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Războiul_naval"><span id="R.C4.83zboiul_naval"></span>Războiul naval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Războiul naval" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hochseeflotte_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hochseeflotte_2.jpg/220px-Hochseeflotte_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="380"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 123px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hochseeflotte_2.jpg/220px-Hochseeflotte_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="123" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hochseeflotte_2.jpg/330px-Hochseeflotte_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hochseeflotte_2.jpg/440px-Hochseeflotte_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Cuirasate din <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hochseeflotte&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hochseeflotte — pagină inexistentă">Hochseeflotte</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275599" class="extiw" title="d:Q275599"><span title="Hochseeflotte la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i>, 1917 </figcaption> </figure> <p>La începutul războiului, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cruci%C8%99%C4%83tor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crucișător">crucișătoarele</a> germane erau împrăștiate pe tot globul, unele dintre ele fiind folosite ulterior pentru a ataca <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naviga%C8%9Bie_maritim%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Navigație maritimă">navele comerciale</a> aliate. Marina Regală Britanică le-a vânat în mod sistematic, deși nu fără a fi acuzată de incapacitatea de a proteja navele aliate. De exemplu, crucișătorul ușor <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=SMS_Emden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="SMS Emden — pagină inexistentă">SMS&nbsp;<i>Emden</i></a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Emden" class="extiw" title="en:SMS Emden"><span title="„SMS Emden” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title%3DSpecial:ContentTranslation%26campaign%3Dcontributionsmenu%26to%3Dro%26from%3Den%26page%3DSMS%2BEmden%26targettitle%3DSMS%2BEmden">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, care făcea parte din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Escadrila_German%C4%83_a_Asiei_de_Est&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Escadrila Germană a Asiei de Est — pagină inexistentă">Escadrila Germană a Asiei de Est</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702819" class="extiw" title="d:Q702819"><span title="Escadrila Germană a Asiei de Est la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, staționată la Qingdao, a capturat sau scufundat 15 nave comerciale, precum și un crucișător rusesc și un distrugător francez. Cea mai mare parte a escadrilei se întorcea în Germania când a scufundat două crucișătoare blindate britanice în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Coronel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Coronel — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Coronel</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40144" class="extiw" title="d:Q40144"><span title="bătălia de la Coronel la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> din noiembrie 1914, înainte de a fi practic distrusă în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_Insulelor_Falkland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia Insulelor Falkland — pagină inexistentă">bătălia Insulelor Falkland</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160011" class="extiw" title="d:Q160011"><span title="bătălia Insulelor Falkland la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> din decembrie. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=SMS_Dresden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="SMS Dresden — pagină inexistentă">SMS Dresden</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543302" class="extiw" title="d:Q543302"><span title="SMS Dresden la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a scăpat cu câțiva auxiliari, dar după <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_M%C3%A1s_a_Tierra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Más a Tierra — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Más a Tierra</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4871836" class="extiw" title="d:Q4871836"><span title="bătălia de la Más a Tierra la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, și aceștia fuseseră fie distruși, fie internați.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200739–47_104-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200739%E2%80%9347-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La scurt timp după izbucnirea ostilităților, Regatul Unit a instituit o <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Blocad%C4%83_naval%C4%83_a_Germaniei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Blocadă navală a Germaniei — pagină inexistentă">blocadă navală a Germaniei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122882641" class="extiw" title="d:Q122882641"><span title="blocadă navală a Germaniei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. Strategia s-a dovedit eficientă, întrucât a întrerupt linii vitale de aprovizionare militară și civilă, deși această blocada încălca dreptul internațional acceptat, codificat în mai multe acorduri internaționale din precedentele două secole.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene20065_105-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene20065-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regatul Unit a minat apele internaționale pentru a împiedica orice navă să pătrundă pe secțiuni întregi de ocean, punând în pericol inclusiv navele neutre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalpern1995293_106-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalpern1995293-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deoarece răspunsul la această tactică a britanicilor a fost unul limitat, Germania se aștepta ca la fel să fie cazul și cu războiul submarin fără restricții.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZieger200150_107-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZieger200150-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_Iutlandei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia Iutlandei">Bătălia Iutlandei</a> (în <span lang="de" style="font-style:italic">Skagerrakschlacht</span>, sau „bătălia <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skagerrak?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skagerrak">Skagerrakului</a>”) din mai/iunie 1916 s-a transformat în cea mai mare bătălie navală a războiului. A fost singura ciocnire pe scară largă de nave de luptă în timpul războiului și una dintre cele mai mari din istorie. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Flota_M%C4%83rilor_Largi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Flota Mărilor Largi — pagină inexistentă">Flota Mărilor Largi</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275599" class="extiw" title="d:Q275599"><span title="Flota Mărilor Largi la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a <span lang="de">Kaiserliche Marine</span>, comandată de viceamiralul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Scheer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Reinhard Scheer — pagină inexistentă">Reinhard Scheer</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57612" class="extiw" title="d:Q57612"><span title="Reinhard Scheer la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, a luptat cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Marea_Flot%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Marea Flotă — pagină inexistentă">Marea Flotă</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644266" class="extiw" title="d:Q644266"><span title="Marea Flotă la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a Marinei Regale, condusă de amiralul Sir <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Jellicoe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Jellicoe">John Jellicoe</a>. Lupta a fost echilibrată, deoarece germanii au fost surprinși de manevrele mai marii flote britanice, dar au reușit să scape și au provocat mai multe avarii flotei britanice decât au suferit. Strategic, însă, britanicii și-au reafirmat controlul asupra mării, iar cea mai mare parte a flotei germane de suprafață a rămas blocată în porturi pe toată durata războiului.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:NationaalArchief_uboat155London.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/NationaalArchief_uboat155London.jpg/220px-NationaalArchief_uboat155London.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="904"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 155px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/NationaalArchief_uboat155London.jpg/220px-NationaalArchief_uboat155London.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/NationaalArchief_uboat155London.jpg/330px-NationaalArchief_uboat155London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/NationaalArchief_uboat155London.jpg/440px-NationaalArchief_uboat155London.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption><i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deutschland?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutschland">U-155</a></i> expus lângă Podul Turnului din Londra, după armistițiul din 1918 </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/U-boot?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="U-boot">Submarinele</a> germane au încercat să taie liniile de alimentare dintre America de Nord și Regatul Unit.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheffield_109-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sheffield-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Natura <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_submarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Război submarin">războiului submarin</a> a însemnat că atacurile veneau adesea fără avertisment, dând echipajelor navelor comerciale puține speranțe de supraviețuire.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheffield_109-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sheffield-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994306_110-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994306-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Statele Unite au protestat viguros, iar Germania și-a schimbat regulile de luptă. După scufundarea navei de pasageri <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RMS_Lusitania?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="RMS Lusitania">RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a> în 1915, Germania a promis că nu va mai viza navele de pasageri, în timp ce Regatul Unit și-a înarmat navele comerciale, scoțându-le de sub protecția „<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Drept_de_captur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Drept de captură — pagină inexistentă">regulilor crucișătoarelor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967845" class="extiw" title="d:Q1967845"><span title="drept de captură la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>”, care impuneau avertizare și deplasarea echipajelor către „un loc sigur” (standard pe care simpla coborâre a lor pe bărci de salvare nu îl îndeplinea).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_der_Porten1969_111-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_der_Porten1969-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În cele din urmă, la începutul anului 1917, Germania a adoptat o politică de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboi_submarin_f%C4%83r%C4%83_discriminare&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Război submarin fără discriminare — pagină inexistentă">război submarin nerestricționat</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119089" class="extiw" title="d:Q1119089"><span title="război submarin fără discriminare la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, resemnându-se cu ideea că americanii vor intra în cele din urmă în război.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheffield_109-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sheffield-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones200180_112-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones200180-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germania a încercat să sugrume <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Coridor_maritim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Coridor maritim — pagină inexistentă">căile maritime</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757209" class="extiw" title="d:Q1757209"><span title="coridor maritim la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> ale Aliaților înainte ca Statele Unite să poată transporta o armată mare peste ocean, dar, după succesele inițiale, în cele din urmă, nu a reușit își îndeplinească obiectivul.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheffield_109-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sheffield-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Amenințarea submarinelor s-a redus în 1917, când navele comerciale au început să călătorească în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Convoaiele_din_Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Convoaiele din Primul Război Mondial — pagină inexistentă">convoaie</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166678" class="extiw" title="d:Q5166678"><span title="convoaiele din Primul Război Mondial la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, escortate de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Distrug%C4%83tor_(nav%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Distrugător (navă)">distrugătoare</a>. Această tactică a îngreunat submarinelor germane găsirea de ținte, ceea ce a redus semnificativ pierderile; după ce s-au introdus <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hidrofon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hidrofon — pagină inexistentă">hidrofonul</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798062" class="extiw" title="d:Q798062"><span title="hidrofon la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bomb%C4%83_de_ad%C3%A2ncime&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bombă de adâncime — pagină inexistentă">bombele de adâncime</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653260" class="extiw" title="d:Q653260"><span title="bombă de adâncime la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, distrugătoarele însoțitoare puteau să atace un submarin scufundat și să aibă destul speranțe de succes. Convoaiele au încetinit fluxul de provizii, deoarece navele trebuiau să aștepte pe măsură ce se formau convoaiele. Soluția pentru întârzieri a fost un program amplu de construire a noilor nave de marfă. Navele de trupe erau prea rapide pentru submarine și nu traversau Atlanticul de Nord în convoaie.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Submarinele scufundaseră peste 5.000 de nave aliate, și doar 199 de submarine se pierduseră.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>În Primul Război Mondial a avut loc și prima utilizare a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portavion?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portavion">portavioanelor</a> în luptă, cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=HMS_Furious_(47)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="HMS Furious (47) — pagină inexistentă">HMS&nbsp;<i>Furious</i></a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Furious_(47)" class="extiw" title="en:HMS Furious (47)"><span title="„HMS Furious (47)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title%3DSpecial:ContentTranslation%26campaign%3Dcontributionsmenu%26to%3Dro%26from%3Den%26page%3DHMS%2BFurious%2526%252332%253B%252847%2529%26targettitle%3DHMS%2BFurious%2526%252332%253B%252847%2529">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> lansând <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sopwith_Camel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sopwith Camel">Sopwith Camels</a> într-un raid reușit împotriva hangarelor <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zeppelin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeppelin">Zeppelin</a> de la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tondern&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tondern — pagină inexistentă">Tondern</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3929535" class="extiw" title="d:Q3929535"><span title="Tondern la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> în iulie 1918, precum și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dirijabil?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dirijabil">dirijabile</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324545" class="extiw" title="d:Q1324545"><span title="dirijabil la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> pentru patrula antisubmarin.<sup id="cite_ref-price1980_115-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-price1980-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Teatrele_sudice">Teatrele sudice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Teatrele sudice" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Războiul_din_Balcani"><span id="R.C4.83zboiul_din_Balcani"></span>Războiul din Balcani</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Războiul din Balcani" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Fl%C3%BCchtlingstransport_Leibnitz_-_k.k._Innenministerium_-_1914.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fl%C3%BCchtlingstransport_Leibnitz_-_k.k._Innenministerium_-_1914.jpg/220px-Fl%C3%BCchtlingstransport_Leibnitz_-_k.k._Innenministerium_-_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2488" data-file-height="2068"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 183px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fl%C3%BCchtlingstransport_Leibnitz_-_k.k._Innenministerium_-_1914.jpg/220px-Fl%C3%BCchtlingstransport_Leibnitz_-_k.k._Innenministerium_-_1914.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="183" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fl%C3%BCchtlingstransport_Leibnitz_-_k.k._Innenministerium_-_1914.jpg/330px-Fl%C3%BCchtlingstransport_Leibnitz_-_k.k._Innenministerium_-_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fl%C3%BCchtlingstransport_Leibnitz_-_k.k._Innenministerium_-_1914.jpg/440px-Fl%C3%BCchtlingstransport_Leibnitz_-_k.k._Innenministerium_-_1914.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Transport de refugiați din Serbia în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leibnitz?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leibnitz">Leibnitz</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stiria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stiria">Stiria</a>, 1914 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Bulgaria_southern_front.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bulgaria_southern_front.jpg/220px-Bulgaria_southern_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="754"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 162px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bulgaria_southern_front.jpg/220px-Bulgaria_southern_front.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="162" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bulgaria_southern_front.jpg/330px-Bulgaria_southern_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bulgaria_southern_front.jpg/440px-Bulgaria_southern_front.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Soldați bulgari într-o tranșee, se pregătesc să tragă spre un avion care sosește </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Austrians_executing_Serbs_1917.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Austrians_executing_Serbs_1917.JPG/220px-Austrians_executing_Serbs_1917.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2601" data-file-height="1829"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 155px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Austrians_executing_Serbs_1917.JPG/220px-Austrians_executing_Serbs_1917.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Austrians_executing_Serbs_1917.JPG/330px-Austrians_executing_Serbs_1917.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Austrians_executing_Serbs_1917.JPG/440px-Austrians_executing_Serbs_1917.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Trupele austro-ungare execută sârbii capturați, 1917. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Serbiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Serbiei">Serbia</a> a pierdut aproximativ 850.000 de oameni în timpul războiului, un sfert din populația ei dinainte de război.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Confruntată cu Rusia în est, Austro-Ungaria putea folosi doar o treime din armata sa pentru a ataca Serbia. După ce au suferit pierderi grele, austriecii au ocupat pentru scurt timp capitala sârbă, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgrad">Belgrad</a>. Un contraatac sârbesc în bătălia de la Kolubara a reușit să-i alunge din țară până la sfârșitul anului 1914. În primele zece luni ale anului 1915, Austro-Ungaria și-a folosit majoritatea rezervelor militare pentru a lupta împotriva <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italia">Italiei</a>. Totuși, diplomații germani și austro-ungari au dat o lovitură, convingând Bulgaria să se alăture atacului asupra Serbiei.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid2YqjfHLyyj8C_241–]_117-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005%5Bhttpsbooksgooglecombooksid2YqjfHLyyj8C_241%E2%80%93%5D-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Provinciile austro-ungare <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, Croația și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bosnia_(regiune)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bosnia (regiune)">Bosnia</a> au furnizat trupe Austro-Ungariei în lupta cu Serbia, Rusia și Italia. Muntenegrul s-a aliat cu Serbia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeiberg200554–55_118-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeiberg200554%E2%80%9355-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Bulgaria a declarat război Serbiei la <time datetime="1915-10-14">14 octombrie 1915</time> și s-a alăturat atacului armatei austro-ungare sub armata lui Mackensen de 250.000 de oameni, care era deja pe drum. Serbia a fost cucerită în puțin mai mult de o lună, deoarece Puterile Centrale, inclusiv Bulgaria, au trimis în total 600.000 de soldați. Luptând pe două fronturi și confruntându-se cu o înfrângere sigură, armata sârbă s-a retras în nordul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principatul_Albaniei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principatul Albaniei">Albaniei</a>. Sârbii au suferit înfrângere în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_din_Kosovo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia din Kosovo — pagină inexistentă">bătălia din Kosovo</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632704" class="extiw" title="d:Q2632704"><span title="bătălia din Kosovo la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. Muntenegrul a acoperit retragerea sârbească spre coasta Adriaticii în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Mojkovac&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Mojkovac — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Mojkovac</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2451530" class="extiw" title="d:Q2451530"><span title="bătălia de la Mojkovac la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> din <time datetime="1916-01-06">6</time>–<time datetime="1916-01-07">7 ianuarie 1916</time>, dar în cele din urmă austriecii au cucerit și Muntenegrul. Soldații sârbi supraviețuitori au fost evacuați cu vapoarele în Grecia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20051075–1076_119-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20051075%E2%80%931076-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După cucerire, Serbia a fost împărțită între Austro-Ungaria și Bulgaria.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiNardo2015102_120-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiNardo2015102-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La sfârșitul anului 1915, o forță franco-britanică a debarcat la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salonic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salonic">Salonic</a>, în Grecia, pentru a oferi asistență și pentru a face presiuni asupra guvernului acestei țări să declare război Puterilor Centrale. Cu toate acestea, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantin_I_al_Greciei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantin I al Greciei">regele pro-german Constantin I</a> a demis guvernul pro-Antanta al lui <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a> înainte ca forța expediționară aliată să sosească.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeiberg2005108–110_121-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeiberg2005108%E2%80%93110-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fricțiunile dintre regele Greciei și Aliați a continuat să se acumuleze în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schisma_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schisma Națională">Schisma Națională</a>, care a divizat efectiv Grecia între regiuni încă loiale regelui și noul guvern provizoriu al lui Venizelos de la Salonic. După negocieri intense și o confruntare armată la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atena?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atena">Atena</a> între forțele aliate și cele regaliste (un incident cunoscut sub numele de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Noemvriana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Noemvriana — pagină inexistentă">Noemvriana</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3564426" class="extiw" title="d:Q3564426"><span title="Noemvriana la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>), regele Greciei a abdicat și al doilea fiu al său, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandru_I_al_Greciei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandru I al Greciei">Alexandru</a>, i-a luat locul; Grecia s-a alăturat oficial războiului de partea aliaților în iunie 1917.</p> <p>Frontul macedonean a fost inițial în mare parte static. Forțele franceze și sârbe au recâștigat zone limitate din Macedonia prin recucerirea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bitola?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bitola">Bitolei</a> pe <time datetime="1916-11-19">19 noiembrie 1916</time> în urma costisitoarei <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ofensiva_Monastir?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ofensiva Monastir">ofensive de la Monastir</a>, care a adus stabilizarea frontului.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Trupele sârbe și franceze au reușit în cele din urmă o rupere a frontului în septembrie 1918 în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ofensiva_Vardar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ofensiva Vardar">ofensiva Vardarului</a>, după ce majoritatea trupelor germane și austro-ungare se retrăseseră. Bulgarii au fost înfrânți în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Dobro_Pole?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Dobro Pole">bătălia de la Dobro Pole</a>, iar până la <time datetime="1918-09-25">25 septembrie</time> trupele britanice și franceze trecuseră granița în Bulgaria, în timp ce armata bulgară se prăbușise. Bulgaria a capitulat patru zile mai târziu, la <time datetime="1918-09-29">29 septembrie 1918</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerWoodMurphy1999150–152_123-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerWoodMurphy1999150%E2%80%93152-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Înaltul comandament german a răspuns trimițând trupe pentru a menține linia frontului, dar aceste forțe erau mult prea slabe pentru a-l restabiliza.<sup id="cite_ref-militera_124-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-militera-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Dispariția frontului macedonean a însemnat că drumul spre <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budapesta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Budapesta">Budapesta</a> și Viena erau acum deschis forțelor aliate. Hindenburg și Ludendorff au concluzionat că echilibrul strategic și operațional s-a schimbat acum hotărâtor împotriva <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puterile_Centrale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puterile Centrale">Puterilor Centrale</a> și, la o zi după căderea frontului bulgar, au insistat asupra unui acord de pace imediat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoughty2005491_125-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoughty2005491-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Imperiul_Otoman">Imperiul Otoman</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Imperiul Otoman" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Scene_just_before_the_evacuation_at_Anzac._Australian_troops_charging_near_a_Turkish_trench._When_they_got_there_the..._-_NARA_-_533108.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Scene_just_before_the_evacuation_at_Anzac._Australian_troops_charging_near_a_Turkish_trench._When_they_got_there_the..._-_NARA_-_533108.jpg/220px-Scene_just_before_the_evacuation_at_Anzac._Australian_troops_charging_near_a_Turkish_trench._When_they_got_there_the..._-_NARA_-_533108.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2928" data-file-height="2076"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Scene_just_before_the_evacuation_at_Anzac._Australian_troops_charging_near_a_Turkish_trench._When_they_got_there_the..._-_NARA_-_533108.jpg/220px-Scene_just_before_the_evacuation_at_Anzac._Australian_troops_charging_near_a_Turkish_trench._When_they_got_there_the..._-_NARA_-_533108.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Scene_just_before_the_evacuation_at_Anzac._Australian_troops_charging_near_a_Turkish_trench._When_they_got_there_the..._-_NARA_-_533108.jpg/330px-Scene_just_before_the_evacuation_at_Anzac._Australian_troops_charging_near_a_Turkish_trench._When_they_got_there_the..._-_NARA_-_533108.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Scene_just_before_the_evacuation_at_Anzac._Australian_troops_charging_near_a_Turkish_trench._When_they_got_there_the..._-_NARA_-_533108.jpg/440px-Scene_just_before_the_evacuation_at_Anzac._Australian_troops_charging_near_a_Turkish_trench._When_they_got_there_the..._-_NARA_-_533108.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Trupele australiene lansând un asalt lângă o tranșee turcească în timpul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campania_Gallipoli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campania Gallipoli">campaniei de la Gallipoli</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_Turkey_greeting_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_on_his_arrival_at_Constantinople.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_Turkey_greeting_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_on_his_arrival_at_Constantinople.jpg/220px-Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_Turkey_greeting_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_on_his_arrival_at_Constantinople.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="501"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_Turkey_greeting_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_on_his_arrival_at_Constantinople.jpg/220px-Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_Turkey_greeting_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_on_his_arrival_at_Constantinople.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_Turkey_greeting_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_on_his_arrival_at_Constantinople.jpg/330px-Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_Turkey_greeting_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_on_his_arrival_at_Constantinople.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_Turkey_greeting_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_on_his_arrival_at_Constantinople.jpg/440px-Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_Turkey_greeting_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_on_his_arrival_at_Constantinople.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mehmed_al_V-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mehmed al V-lea">Mehmed al V-lea</a> primindu-l pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilhelm_al_II-lea_al_Germaniei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wilhelm al II-lea al Germaniei">Wilhelm al II-lea</a> la sosirea la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantinopol?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantinopol">Constantinopol</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Otomanii amenințau teritoriile <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caucaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caucaz">caucaziene</a> ale Rusiei și comunicațiile Regatului Unit cu India prin <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canalul_Suez?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canalul Suez">Canalul Suez</a>. Pe măsură ce conflictul progresa, Imperiul Otoman a profitat de preocuparea puterilor europene pentru război și a declanșat o purificare etnică pe scară largă a populațiilor creștine indigene <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armeni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armeni">armeană</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greci">grecească</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asirieni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asirieni">asiriană</a>, cunoscute sub numele de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genocidul_Armean?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocidul Armean">genocidul armean</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genocidul_grecilor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genocidul grecilor">genocidul grecilor</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Genocidul_Asirian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Genocidul Asirian — pagină inexistentă">genocidul asirienilor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852236" class="extiw" title="d:Q852236"><span title="Genocidul Asirian la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lieberman_128-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lieberman-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Britanicii și francezii au deschis fronturi peste mări cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campania_Gallipoli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campania Gallipoli">campaniile de la Gallipoli</a> (1915) și din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campania_din_Mesopotamia_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campania din Mesopotamia (Primul Război Mondial)">Mesopotamia</a> (1914). La Gallipoli, Imperiul Otoman a reușit să respingă corpurile de armată britanice, franceze și pe cele <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Corpul_Armatei_din_Australia_%C8%99i_Noua_Zeeland%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Corpul Armatei din Australia și Noua Zeelandă — pagină inexistentă">australiane și neozeelandeze</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q433119" class="extiw" title="d:Q433119"><span title="Corpul Armatei din Australia și Noua Zeelandă la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> (ANZAC). În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesopotamia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, după înfrângerea apărătorilor britanici în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Asediul_Kutului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Asediul Kutului — pagină inexistentă">asediul Kutului</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815166" class="extiw" title="d:Q815166"><span title="asediul Kutului la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> de către otomani (1915–16), forțele imperiale britanice s-au reorganizat și au capturat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bagdad?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bagdad">Bagdadul</a> în martie 1917. Britanicii au fost ajutați în Mesopotamia de luptători locali arabi și asirieni, în timp ce otomanii au angajat triburile locale <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kurzi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kurzi">kurde</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Turcomane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Turcomane — pagină inexistentă">turcomane</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165171" class="extiw" title="d:Q1165171"><span title="turcomane la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Italian_Troops_in_Palestine.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Italian_Troops_in_Palestine.jpg/220px-Italian_Troops_in_Palestine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="518"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Italian_Troops_in_Palestine.jpg/220px-Italian_Troops_in_Palestine.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Italian_Troops_in_Palestine.jpg/330px-Italian_Troops_in_Palestine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Italian_Troops_in_Palestine.jpg/440px-Italian_Troops_in_Palestine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bersaglieri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bersaglieri — pagină inexistentă">Bersaglieri</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827218" class="extiw" title="d:Q827218"><span title="Bersaglieri la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> italieni cu un instructor de mitralieră în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palestina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Palestina">Palestina</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16931600" class="extiw" title="d:Q16931600"><span title="Palestina la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Mai la vest, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canalul_Suez?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canalul Suez">Canalul Suez</a> a fost apărat de atacurile otomane în 1915 și 1916; în august, o forță germană și otomană a fost învinsă în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Romani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Romani — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Romani</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2722527" class="extiw" title="d:Q2722527"><span title="bătălia de la Romani la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> de către <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Divizia_C%C4%83lare_ANZAC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Divizia Călare ANZAC — pagină inexistentă">Divizia Călare ANZAC</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257973" class="extiw" title="d:Q257973"><span title="Divizia Călare ANZAC la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Divizia_52_de_infanterie_(c%C3%A2mpie)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Divizia 52 de infanterie (câmpie) — pagină inexistentă">Divizia 52 de infanterie (câmpie)</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4640242" class="extiw" title="d:Q4640242"><span title="Divizia 52 de infanterie (câmpie) la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. În urma acestei victorii, o <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_Expeditionary_Force&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Egyptian Expeditionary Force — pagină inexistentă">forță expediționară egipteană</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746778" class="extiw" title="d:Q746778"><span title="Egyptian Expeditionary Force la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a înaintat dincolo de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peninsula_Sinai?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peninsula Sinai">Peninsula Sinai</a>, împingând forțele otomane înapoi în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Magdhaba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Magdhaba — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Magdhaba</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2889191" class="extiw" title="d:Q2889191"><span title="bătălia de la Magdhaba la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> din decembrie și în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Rafa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Rafa — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Rafa</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3467730" class="extiw" title="d:Q3467730"><span title="bătălia de la Rafa la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> la granița dintre <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peninsula_Sinai?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peninsula Sinai">Sinaiul</a> egiptean și Palestina otomană în ianuarie 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Armatele ruse au avut în general succes în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campania_din_Caucaz_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campania din Caucaz (Primul Război Mondial)">campania din Caucaz</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%B0smail_Enver?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="İsmail Enver">Enver Pașa</a>, comandantul suprem al forțelor armate otomane, era ambițios și visa să recucerească Asia Centrală și zonele care fuseseră pierdute anterior în favoarea Rusiei. Era, însă, un comandant slab.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFromkin2004119_131-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFromkin2004119-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El a lansat o ofensivă împotriva rușilor din Caucaz în decembrie 1914 cu 100.000 de militari, insistând asupra unui atac frontal împotriva pozițiilor muntoase ale Rusiei pe timp de iarnă. A pierdut 86% din forța sa în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Sarikami%C8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Sarikamiș — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Sarikamiș</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250652" class="extiw" title="d:Q250652"><span title="bătălia de la Sarikamiș la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. <sup id="cite_ref-caven_132-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-caven-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ottoman_15th_Corps.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ottoman_15th_Corps.jpg/220px-Ottoman_15th_Corps.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="475"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 131px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ottoman_15th_Corps.jpg/220px-Ottoman_15th_Corps.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="131" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ottoman_15th_Corps.jpg/330px-Ottoman_15th_Corps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ottoman_15th_Corps.jpg/440px-Ottoman_15th_Corps.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Kaiserul Wilhelm al II-lea inspectând trupele turce ale Corpului 15 în Galiția de Est, Austro-Ungaria (astăzi în Polonia). Prințul Leopold de Bavaria, Comandantul Suprem al Armatei Germane de pe Frontul de Est, este al doilea din stânga. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Cu sprijin german, Imperiul Otoman a invadat Persia (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iran?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iran">Iranul</a> de astăzi) în decembrie 1914 într-o tentativă de a întrerupe accesul britanicilor și rușilor la zăcămintele de petrol de lângă <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baku">Baku</a> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marea_Caspic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marea Caspică">Marea Caspică</a>. Persia, oficial neutră, fusese de multă vreme în sferele de influență rusești și britanice. Otomanii și germanii fuseseră ajutați de forțe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kurzi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kurzi">kurde</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azeri?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azeri">azere</a>, împreună cu un număr mare de mari triburi iraniene, cum ar fi <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qashqai?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qashqai">qashqaii</a>, tangestanezii, lurii, and hamsehii, în timp ce rușii și britanicii au avut de partea lor forțe armenești și asiriene. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campania_din_Persia_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campania din Persia (Primul Război Mondial)">Campania din Persia</a> avea să țină până în 1918 și să se încheiei cu un eșec al otomanilor și aliaților lor. Retragerea Rusiei din război în 1917 a dus însă la întreruperea liniilor de aprovizionare ale forțelor armenești și asiriene, care până atunci provocaseră numeroase înfrângeri forțelor otomane și aliaților lor. Depășiți numeric și material, și izolați, ei au fost obligați să se retragă și să își croiască drum spre liniile britanice din nordul Mesopotamiei.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Sarikam.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sarikam.jpg/220px-Sarikam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="966"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 157px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sarikam.jpg/220px-Sarikam.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="157" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sarikam.jpg/330px-Sarikam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sarikam.jpg/440px-Sarikam.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Tranșee rusești în pădure la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Sarikami%C8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Sarikamiș — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Sarikamiș</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250652" class="extiw" title="d:Q250652"><span title="bătălia de la Sarikamiș la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, 1914–1915 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Generalul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikolai_Iudenici?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikolai Iudenici">Iudenici</a>, comandantul rus din 1915 până în 1916, i-a alungat pe turci din cea mai mare parte a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transcaucazia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transcaucazia">Caucazului de Sud</a> cu un șir de victorii.<sup id="cite_ref-caven_132-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-caven-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În timpul campaniei din 1916, rușii i-au învins pe turci în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ofensiva_de_la_Erzurum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ofensiva de la Erzurum — pagină inexistentă">ofensiva de la Erzurum</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524208" class="extiw" title="d:Q524208"><span title="ofensiva de la Erzurum la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Campania_Trebizondei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Campania Trebizondei — pagină inexistentă">ocupând și Trabzonul</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2058905" class="extiw" title="d:Q2058905"><span title="Campania Trebizondei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. În 1917, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marele_duce_Nicolai_Nicolaevici_(cel_T%C3%A2n%C4%83r)_al_Rusiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marele duce Nicolai Nicolaevici (cel Tânăr) al Rusiei">marele duce rus Nicolae</a> a preluat comanda frontului din Caucaz. Nicolae punea la cale construcția unei căi ferate din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georgia_%C3%AEn_cadrul_Imperiului_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georgia în cadrul Imperiului Rus">Georgia rusească</a> spre teritoriile cucerite, astfel încât să poată fi aduse noi provizii pentru reluarea ofensivei în 1917. Cu toate acestea, în martie 1917 (februarie în calendarul rus pre-revoluționar), țarul a abdicat în cursul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_din_Februarie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revoluția din Februarie">Revoluției din Februarie</a>, iar <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Armata_rus%C4%83_a_Caucazului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Armata rusă a Caucazului — pagină inexistentă">armata rusă a Caucazului</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2457082" class="extiw" title="d:Q2457082"><span title="armata rusă a Caucazului la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a început să se destrame.</p> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolta_arab%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolta arabă">Revolta arabă</a>, instigată de biroul arab al <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Office&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Foreign Office — pagină inexistentă">Ministerului de Externe</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358834" class="extiw" title="d:Q358834"><span title="Foreign Office la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> britanic, a izbucnit în iunie 1916 cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Mecca&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Mecca — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Mecca</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2089020" class="extiw" title="d:Q2089020"><span title="bătălia de la Mecca la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, condusă de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Shariful_Hussein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Shariful Hussein — pagină inexistentă">shariful Hussein</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128906" class="extiw" title="d:Q128906"><span title="shariful Hussein la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mecca?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, și s-a încheiat cu capitularea otomanilor din Damasc. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fakhri_Pa%C8%99a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fakhri Pașa — pagină inexistentă">Fakhri Pașa</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2900391" class="extiw" title="d:Q2900391"><span title="Fakhri Pașa la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, comandantul otoman al <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medina_(Arabia_Saudit%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medina (Arabia Saudită)">Medinei</a>, a rezistat mai bine de doi ani și jumătate în timpul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Asediul_Medinei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Asediul Medinei — pagină inexistentă">asediului Medinei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2089011" class="extiw" title="d:Q2089011"><span title="asediul Medinei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, înainte de a se preda în ianuarie 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESachar1970122–138_134-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESachar1970122%E2%80%93138-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Tribul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Senussi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Senussi — pagină inexistentă">Senussi</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171296" class="extiw" title="d:Q171296"><span title="Senussi la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, ce trăia de-a lungul graniței dintre <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libia_Italian%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libia Italiană">Libia italiană</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Egiptul_britanic&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Egiptul britanic — pagină inexistentă">Egiptul britanic</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2474428" class="extiw" title="d:Q2474428"><span title="Egiptul britanic la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, incitat și înarmat de turci, a purtat un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_de_gheril%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Război de gherilă">război de gherilă</a> pe scară restrânsă împotriva trupelor aliate. Britanicii au fost nevoiți să trimită 12.000 de soldați pentru a se opune acestora în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Campania_Senussi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Campania Senussi — pagină inexistentă">campania Senussi</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607680" class="extiw" title="d:Q607680"><span title="campania Senussi la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. Rebeliunea lor a fost în cele din urmă înăbușită la mijlocul anului 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994_135-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Pierderile totale ale aliaților pe fronturile otomane au fost de 650.000 de oameni. Totalul victimelor otomane a fost de 725.000, cu 325.000 de morți și 400.000 răniți.<sup id="cite_ref-Brief_Ottoman_History_136-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brief_Ottoman_History-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Frontul_italian">Frontul italian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Frontul italian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Italian_Front_1915-1917.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Italian_Front_1915-1917.jpg/220px-Italian_Front_1915-1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="961"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Italian_Front_1915-1917.jpg/220px-Italian_Front_1915-1917.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Italian_Front_1915-1917.jpg/330px-Italian_Front_1915-1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Italian_Front_1915-1917.jpg/440px-Italian_Front_1915-1917.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83liile_de_la_Isonzo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătăliile de la Isonzo">Ofensivele de pe Isonzo 1915–1917</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Deși Italia se alăturase Triplei Alianțe în 1882, un tratat cu inamicul său tradițional austriac a fost atât de controversat încât guvernele ulterioare au negat existența acestuia, iar termenii au fost făcuți publici abia în 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson200913_137-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson200913-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naționaliștii italieni revendicau teritoriile austro-ungare <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Provincia_Autonom%C4%83_Trento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Provincia Autonomă Trento">Trentino</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litoralul_austriac?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Litoralul austriac">Litoralul Austriac</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rijeka?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dalma%C8%9Bia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dalmația">Dalmația</a>, care erau considerate vitale pentru securizarea granițelor stabilite în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Al_Treilea_R%C4%83zboi_Italian_de_Independen%C8%9B%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Al Treilea Război Italian de Independență — pagină inexistentă">1866</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1248722" class="extiw" title="d:Q1248722"><span title="al Treilea Război Italian de Independență la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson20099–10_138-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson20099%E2%80%9310-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 1902, Roma a convenit în secret cu Franța să rămână neutră dacă aceasta din urmă era atacată de Germania, anulând efectiv rolul său în Tripla Alianță.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardner2015120_139-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner2015120-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Italian_Soldiers_in_Trench_World_War_1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Italian_Soldiers_in_Trench_World_War_1.jpg/220px-Italian_Soldiers_in_Trench_World_War_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="916"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Italian_Soldiers_in_Trench_World_War_1.jpg/220px-Italian_Soldiers_in_Trench_World_War_1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Italian_Soldiers_in_Trench_World_War_1.jpg/330px-Italian_Soldiers_in_Trench_World_War_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Italian_Soldiers_in_Trench_World_War_1.jpg/440px-Italian_Soldiers_in_Trench_World_War_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Soldații italieni în tranșee, 1918 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:1917_ortler_vorgipfelstellung_3850_m_highest_trench_in_history_of_first_world_war.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/1917_ortler_vorgipfelstellung_3850_m_highest_trench_in_history_of_first_world_war.jpg/220px-1917_ortler_vorgipfelstellung_3850_m_highest_trench_in_history_of_first_world_war.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="602"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 161px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/1917_ortler_vorgipfelstellung_3850_m_highest_trench_in_history_of_first_world_war.jpg/220px-1917_ortler_vorgipfelstellung_3850_m_highest_trench_in_history_of_first_world_war.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="161" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/1917_ortler_vorgipfelstellung_3850_m_highest_trench_in_history_of_first_world_war.jpg/330px-1917_ortler_vorgipfelstellung_3850_m_highest_trench_in_history_of_first_world_war.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/1917_ortler_vorgipfelstellung_3850_m_highest_trench_in_history_of_first_world_war.jpg/440px-1917_ortler_vorgipfelstellung_3850_m_highest_trench_in_history_of_first_world_war.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Tranșee austro-ungare la 3.850 m altitudine în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alpii_Ortler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alpii Ortler — pagină inexistentă">Alpii Ortler</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689164" class="extiw" title="d:Q689164"><span title="Alpii Ortler la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, unul dintre cele mai dificile fronturi ale războiului </figcaption> </figure> <p>La izbucnirea războiului în 1914, Italia a susținut că Tripla Alianță era de natură defensivă și c nu se vede obligată să sprijine un atac austriac asupra Serbiei. Opoziția față de aderarea la Puterile Centrale a crescut când Turcia a devenit membră în septembrie, deoarece în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Italo-Turc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Războiul Italo-Turc">1911</a> Italia ocupase posesiunile otomane în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libia_Italian%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libia Italiană">Libia</a> și insulele <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dodecanez?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dodecanez">Dodecanez</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson200914_140-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson200914-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pentru a asigura neutralitatea Italiei, Puterile Centrale le-au oferit <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectoratul_francez_al_Tunisiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectoratul francez al Tunisiei">protectoratul francez al Tunisiei</a>, în timp ce, în schimbul unei intrări imediate în război, Aliații acceptat pe loc revendicările teritoriale împotriva Austriei și suveranitatea asupra Dodecanezului.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson200930–31_141-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson200930%E2%80%9331-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deși au rămas secrete, aceste prevederi au fost încorporate în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pactul_de_la_Londra_(1915)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pactul de la Londra (1915)">tratatul de la Londra</a> din aprilie 1915; Italia s-a alăturat Triplei Înțelegeri și la <time datetime="1915-05-23">23 mai</time> a declarat război Austro-Ungariei,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994166_142-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994166-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și apoi, cincisprezece luni mai târziu, Germaniei.</p> <p>Armata italiană de dinainte de 1914 era cea mai slabă din Europa, ducea lipsă de ofițeri, de oameni instruiți, de transport adecvat și de arme moderne; până în aprilie 1915, unele dintre aceste deficiențe fuseseră remediate, dar nu era încă pregătită pentru ofensiva majoră cerută de tratatul de la Londra.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson200957_143-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson200957-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Avantajul numeric era anulat de terenul dificil; mare parte din lupte au avut loc la altitudini de peste 3000&nbsp;metri în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alpi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alpi">Alpi</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dolomi%C8%9Bi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dolomiți">Dolomiți</a>, unde tranșeele trebuiau săpate în stâncă și gheață, iar aprovizionarea trupelor era o provocare majoră. Aceste probleme au fost exacerbate de strategii și tactici lipsite de imaginație.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshallJosephy1982108_144-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshallJosephy1982108-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Între 1915 și 1917, comandantul italian, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luigi_Cadorna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luigi Cadorna">Luigi Cadorna</a>, a întreprins <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83liile_de_la_Isonzo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătăliile de la Isonzo">o serie de atacuri frontale de-a lungul râului Isonzo,</a> care au adus puține progrese și au costat multe vieți; până la sfârșitul războiului, totalul morților din luptă în Italia a însumat aproximativ 548.000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFornassin201739–62_145-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFornassin201739%E2%80%9362-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>În primăvara lui 1916, austro-ungarii au contraatacat în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asiago?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asiago">Asiago</a> în cadrul <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Asiago?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Asiago">Strafexpedition</a></i>, dar au făcut progrese restrânse și au fost respinși de italieni înapoi în Tirol.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson2009163_146-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2009163-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deși un corp italian a ocupat sudul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Albaniei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Albaniei — pagină inexistentă">Albaniei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18639102" class="extiw" title="d:Q18639102"><span title="Albaniei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> în mai 1916, centrul lor principal a fost frontul de pe Isonzo, care după <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Doberd%C3%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Doberdò — pagină inexistentă">capturarea Goriziei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757186" class="extiw" title="d:Q757186"><span title="bătălia de la Doberdò la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> în august 1916 a rămas static până în octombrie 1917. După ce o forță combinată austro-germană a obținut o victorie majoră la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Caporetto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Caporetto">Caporetto</a>, Cadorna a fost înlocuit de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armando_Diaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armando Diaz">Armando Diaz</a> care s-a retras mai mult de 100&nbsp;km înainte de a ocupa poziții de-a lungul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_doua_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_pe_Piave?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A doua bătălie de pe Piave">râului Piave</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994317_147-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994317-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O a doua <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_doua_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_pe_Piave?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A doua bătălie de pe Piave">ofensivă austriacă a fost respinsă</a> în iunie 1918 și până în octombrie era clar că Puterile Centrale au pierdut războiul. Pe <time datetime="1918-10-24">24 octombrie</time>, Diaz a declanșat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Vittorio_Veneto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Vittorio Veneto">bătălia de la Vittorio Veneto</a> și a întâmpinat inițial o rezistență acerbă,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994482_148-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994482-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dar odată cu prăbușirea Austro-Ungariei, diviziile maghiare din Italia au cerut acum să fie trimise acasă.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994484_149-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994484-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Când li s-a permis aceasta, au urmat multe alte astfel de cereri și armata imperială s-a dezintegrat, italienii luând peste 300.000 de prizonieri.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson2009364_150-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2009364-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pe <time datetime="1918-11-03">3 noiembrie</time>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armisti%C8%9Biul_de_la_Villa_Giusti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armistițiul de la Villa Giusti">armistițiul de la Villa Giusti</a> a pus capăt ostilităților dintre Austro-Ungaria și Italia, care a ocupat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triest?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Triest">Trieste</a> și zonele de-a lungul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marea_Adriatic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marea Adriatică">Mării Adriatice</a> care îi fuseseră promise în 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994491_151-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994491-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Frontul_de_Est">Frontul de Est</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Frontul de Est" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frontul_de_R%C4%83s%C4%83rit_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frontul de Răsărit (Primul Război Mondial)">Frontul de Răsărit (Primul Război Mondial)</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Acțiunile_inițiale"><span id="Ac.C8.9Biunile_ini.C8.9Biale"></span>Acțiunile inițiale</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Acțiunile inițiale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Mikolaj_II_w_Twierdzy_Przemysl.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mikolaj_II_w_Twierdzy_Przemysl.jpg/220px-Mikolaj_II_w_Twierdzy_Przemysl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="706"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mikolaj_II_w_Twierdzy_Przemysl.jpg/220px-Mikolaj_II_w_Twierdzy_Przemysl.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mikolaj_II_w_Twierdzy_Przemysl.jpg/330px-Mikolaj_II_w_Twierdzy_Przemysl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mikolaj_II_w_Twierdzy_Przemysl.jpg/440px-Mikolaj_II_w_Twierdzy_Przemysl.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Țarul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolae_al_II-lea_al_Rusiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolae al II-lea al Rusiei">Nicolae al II-lea</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marele_duce_Nicolai_Nicolaevici_(cel_T%C3%A2n%C4%83r)_al_Rusiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marele duce Nicolai Nicolaevici (cel Tânăr) al Rusiei">marele duce Nicolaevici</a> după <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asediul_Przemy%C5%9Blului?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asediul Przemyślului">capturarea Przemyślului</a> de către ruși, cel mai lung asediu al războiului. </figcaption> </figure> <p>După cum se convenise anterior cu Franța, planurile rușilor la începutul războiului erau de a înainta simultan în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Gali%C8%9Biei_%C8%99i_Lodomeriei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Galiției și Lodomeriei">Galiția Austriacă</a> și în Prusia Orientală cât mai curând cu putință. Deși <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_Gali%C8%9Biei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia Galiției">atacul lor asupra Galiției</a> a fost în mare parte reușit, iar invaziile și-au atins obiectivul de a obliga Germania să devieze trupe de pe Frontul de Vest, viteza de mobilizare a făcut să înainteze fără echipament greu și funcțiuni de suport. Aceste slăbiciuni au contribuit la înfrângerile rușilor la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Tannenberg_(1914)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Tannenberg (1914)">Tannenberg</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prima_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_pe_Lacurile_Mazuriene?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prima bătălie de pe Lacurile Mazuriene">Lacurile Mazure</a> în august și septembrie 1914, care i-au obligat să se retragă din Prusia Orientală cu pierderi grele.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005715_152-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005715-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyer2006152–154,_161,_163,_175,_182_153-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyer2006152%E2%80%93154,_161,_163,_175,_182-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Până în primăvara lui 1915, ei se retrăseseră și din Galiția, iar <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ofensiva_Gorlice%E2%80%93Tarn%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ofensiva Gorlice–Tarnów">ofensiva Gorlice–Tarnów</a> din mai 1915 a permis Puterilor Centrale să invadeze <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polonia_Congresului?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polonia Congresului">Polonia anexată de Rusia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smele_154-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Smele-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>În ciuda succesului <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ofensiva_Brusilov?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ofensiva Brusilov">ofensivei Brusilov</a> din iunie 1916 împotriva austriecilor în Galiția de Est,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchindler2003?_155-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchindler2003?-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> penuriile de provizii, pierderile grele și greșelile la comandă i-au împiedicat pe ruși să-și exploateze pe deplin victoria. A fost însă una din cele mai importante ofensive ale războiului, deviind resursele germane de la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Verdun?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Verdun">Verdun</a>, ușurând presiunea austro-ungară asupra Italiei și convingând România să intre în război de partea Antantei la <time datetime="1916-08-27">27 august</time>. Ea a și slăbit fatal armatele austriacă și rusă, ale căror capabilități ofensive au fost grav afectate de pierderi. Deziluzia crescândă față de război a condus în cele din urmă la revoluțiile din Rusia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker2002119_156-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker2002119-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Între timp, în Rusia frământările au crescut, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolae_al_II-lea_al_Rusiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolae al II-lea al Rusiei">țarul</a> rămânând pe front, acțiunile din spatele lui fiind sub grija <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alix_de_Hessa-Darmstadt?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alix de Hessa-Darmstadt">țarinei Alexandra</a>. Conducerea ei din ce în ce mai incompetentă, împreună cu penuriile de alimente în zonele urbane au dus la proteste pe scară largă, și la uciderea favoritului ei, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grigori_Rasputin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grigori Rasputin">Grigori Rasputin</a>, la sfârșitul lui 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Participarea_României"><span id="Participarea_Rom.C3.A2niei"></span>Participarea României</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Participarea României" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>În ciuda faptului că, la fel ca Italia, acceptase în secret să susțină Tripla Alianță în 1883, România s-a aflat din ce în ce mai mult în dezacord cu Puterile Centrale pe marginea sprijinului acordat de acestea Bulgariei în războaiele balcanice din 1912–1913 și pe marginea statutului comunităților etnice românești din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transilvania?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transilvania">Transilvania</a> controlată de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C8%9A%C4%83rile_Coroanei_Sf%C3%A2ntului_%C8%98tefan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Țările Coroanei Sfântului Ștefan">maghiari</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJelavich1992441–442_158-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJelavich1992441%E2%80%93442-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> care reprezentau aproximativ 2,8 milioane din populația de 5 milioane.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDumitru2012171_159-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumitru2012171-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Când elita conducătoare s-a divizat în facțiunile germanofilă și pro-Antanta, România a rămas neutră în 1914, argumentând, la fel ca Italia că, deoarece Austro-Ungaria a declarat război Serbiei, nu avea nicio obligație să i se alăture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDumitru2012170_160-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumitru2012170-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ei au menținut această poziție pentru următorii doi ani, permițând însă Germaniei și Austriei să transporte provizii și consilieri militari pe teritoriul României.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994282_161-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994282-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>În septembrie 1914, Rusia recunoscuse drepturile României asupra teritoriilor austro-ungare, inclusiv Transilvania și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banat">Banat</a>, a căror anexare avea un sprijin popular pe scară largă,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDumitru2012171_159-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumitru2012171-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> iar succesul Rusiei împotriva Austriei a determinat România să se alăture Antantei în Tratatul de la București din august 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994282_161-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994282-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conform planului strategic cunoscut sub numele de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Planul_de_campanie_al_Armatei_Rom%C3%A2niei_pentru_anul_1916_-_%E2%80%9EIpoteza_Z%E2%80%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Planul de campanie al Armatei României pentru anul 1916 - „Ipoteza Z”">Ipoteza Z</a>, armata română planifica o ofensivă în Transilvania, apărând în același timp <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cadrilater?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cadrilater">Dobrogea de Sud</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jude%C8%9Bul_Giurgiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Județul Giurgiu">Giurgiu</a> împotriva unui posibil contraatac bulgar. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorrie19787–8_162-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorrie19787%E2%80%938-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La <time datetime="1916-08-27">27 august 1916</time>, ea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ofensiva_Armatei_Rom%C3%A2niei_%C3%AEn_Transilvania_%C3%AEn_1916?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ofensiva Armatei României în Transilvania în 1916">a atacat Transilvania</a> și a ocupat părți substanțiale ale provinciei înainte de a fi respinsă de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armata_9_german%C4%83_(1916-1918)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armata 9 germană (1916-1918)">Armata a 9-a Germană</a> recent formată, condusă de fostul șef de stat major Falkenhayn.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett201396–98_163-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201396%E2%80%9398-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O ofensivă combinată germano-bulgaro-turcă a capturat Dobrogea și Giurgiu, deși cea mai mare parte a armatei române a reușit să scape de încercuire și s-a retras la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="București">București</a>, care <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opera%C8%9Biile_Armatei_Rom%C3%A2niei_pentru_ap%C4%83rarea_Bucure%C8%99tiului_%C3%AEn_campania_anului_1916?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operațiile Armatei României pentru apărarea Bucureștiului în campania anului 1916">a căzut în mâinile Puterilor Centrale</a> la <time datetime="1916-12-06">6 decembrie 1916</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Aproximativ 16% din populația austro-ungară dinainte de război era formată din etnici români, a căror loialitate s-a stins pe măsură ce războiul a progresat și s-a risipit aproape total când România a intrat în război; până în 1917, românii reprezentau mai mult de 50% din cei 300.000 de dezertori din armata imperială.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamian2012_165-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamian2012-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prizonierii de război deținuți de Imperiul Rus au format <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corpurile_Voluntarilor_Rom%C3%A2ni_din_Rusia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corpurile Voluntarilor Români din Rusia">Corpul Voluntarilor Români</a> care au fost repatriați în România în 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEȘerban1997101–111_166-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C8%98erban1997101%E2%80%93111-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPărean20021–5_167-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEP%C4%83rean20021%E2%80%935-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mulți au luptat în armata română pregătită peste iarnă cu sprijin francez adus de generalul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_Mathias_Berthelot?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri Mathias Berthelot">Henri Berthelot</a>, la bătăliile de la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comuna_R%C4%83coasa,_Vrancea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comuna Răcoasa, Vrancea">Mărăști</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mărășești">Mărășești</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comuna_Oituz,_Bac%C4%83u?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comuna Oituz, Bacău">Oituz</a>, unde, cu sprijin rusesc, armata română a reușit să oprească o ofensivă a Puterilor Centrale și chiar să câștige înapoi un teritoriu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarble2018343–349_171-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarble2018343%E2%80%93349-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rămasă însă izolată după ce Revoluția din Octombrie a scos Rusia din război, România a semnat un armistițiu la <time datetime="1917-12-09">9 decembrie 1917</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalls1961285_172-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFalls1961285-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La scurt timp după aceea, pe teritoriul adiacent al <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basarabia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basarabia">Basarabiei</a>, au izbucnit lupte între bolșevici și naționaliștii români, iar aceștia din urmă au cerut sprijin militar din partea compatrioților lor. În urma intervenției lor, în februarie 1918 s-a format <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Democratic%C4%83_Moldoveneasc%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Democratică Moldovenească">Republica Democrată Moldovenească</a> independentă, care a votat pentru unirea cu România la <time datetime="1918-04-09">27 martie/9 aprilie</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitrasca200736–38_173-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitrasca200736%E2%80%9338-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Romanian_troops_at_Marasesti_in_1917.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Romanian_troops_at_Marasesti_in_1917.jpg/220px-Romanian_troops_at_Marasesti_in_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="913"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Romanian_troops_at_Marasesti_in_1917.jpg/220px-Romanian_troops_at_Marasesti_in_1917.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Romanian_troops_at_Marasesti_in_1917.jpg/330px-Romanian_troops_at_Marasesti_in_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Romanian_troops_at_Marasesti_in_1917.jpg/440px-Romanian_troops_at_Marasesti_in_1917.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Trupele românești în timpul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Mărășești">bătăliei de la Mărășești</a>, 1917 </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <time datetime="1918-05-07">7 mai 1918</time>, România a semnat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Bucure%C8%99ti_(1918)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de la București (1918)">tratatul de la București</a> cu Puterile Centrale, care recunoștea suveranitatea României asupra Basarabiei în schimbul cedării controlului austro-ungar asupra trecătorilor din Munții Carpați și acordării de concesii petroliere Germaniei.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrampton199424–25_174-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrampton199424%E2%80%9325-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deși aprobat de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlamentul_Rom%C3%A2niei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlamentul României">Parlament</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferdinand_I_al_Rom%C3%A2niei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferdinand I al României">Ferdinand I</a> a refuzat să semneze tratatul, sperând la o victorie a Aliaților; România a reintrat în război la <time datetime="1918-11-10">10 noiembrie 1918</time> de partea Aliaților, iar tratatul de la București a fost anulat oficial prin armistițiul din <time datetime="1918-11-11">11 noiembrie</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBéla1998429_175-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEB%C3%A9la1998429-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Între 1914 și 1918, aproximativ 400.000 de 600.000 de etnici români au servit în armata austro-ungară, dintre care până la 150.000 au fost uciși în luptă; totalul deceselor militare și civile în granițele românești contemporane este estimat la 748.000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErlikman200451_178-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErlikman200451-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Uverturile_de_pace_ale_Puterilor_Centrale">Uverturile de pace ale Puterilor Centrale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Uverturile de pace ale Puterilor Centrale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La <time datetime="1916-12-12">12 decembrie 1916</time>, după zece luni brutale în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Verdun?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Verdun">bătălia de la Verdun</a> și o <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Participarea_Rom%C3%A2niei_la_Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Participarea României la Primul Război Mondial">ofensivă reușită împotriva României</a>, Germania a încercat să negocieze o pace cu Antanta.<sup id="cite_ref-lanoszka_179-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lanoszka-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Această tentativă a fost respinsă însă pe loc ca „farsă de război duplicitară”.<sup id="cite_ref-lanoszka_179-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lanoszka-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:River_Crossing_NGM-v31-p338.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/River_Crossing_NGM-v31-p338.jpg/220px-River_Crossing_NGM-v31-p338.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1132"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/River_Crossing_NGM-v31-p338.jpg/220px-River_Crossing_NGM-v31-p338.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/River_Crossing_NGM-v31-p338.jpg/330px-River_Crossing_NGM-v31-p338.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/River_Crossing_NGM-v31-p338.jpg/440px-River_Crossing_NGM-v31-p338.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> "<i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pe_aici_nu_se_trece?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pe aici nu se trece">Pe aici nu se trece</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754054" class="extiw" title="d:Q754054"><span title="Pe aici nu se trece la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>"</i>, frază de regulă asociată cu apărarea Verdunului </figcaption> </figure> <p>Președintele SUA <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> a încercat să intervină ca mediator, cerând ambelor părți să-și formuleze cererile și să înceapă negocieri. Cabinetul de război al lui <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Lloyd_George?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a> considera oferta germană a fi un tertip pentru a crea disensiuni între aliați. După indignarea de la început și multe deliberări, ei au luat nota lui Wilson ca efort separat, care semnalează că Statele Unite sunt pe punctul de a intra în război împotriva Germaniei din cauza „problemelor cu submarinele”. În timp ce aliații discutau cum să răspundă ofertei lui Wilson, germanii au ales să o respingă în favoarea unui „schimb direct de idei”. Aflând răspunsul germanilor, guvernele aliate s-au considerat libere să-și clarifice revendicările în răspunsul din <time datetime="1917-01-14">14 ianuarie</time>. Ei cereau repararea distrugerilor, evacuarea teritoriilor ocupate, despăgubiri pentru Franța, Rusia și România, și o recunoaștere a principiului naționalităților.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998345_180-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998345-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aceasta includea eliberarea italienilor, slavilor, românilor, ceho-slovacilor, și crearea unei „Polonii libere și unite”.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998345_180-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998345-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aliații au cerut garanții care să prevină sau să limiteze viitoarele războaie, cu sancțiuni stipulate, drept condiție pentru orice înțelegere de pace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKernek1970721–766_181-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKernek1970721%E2%80%93766-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Negocierile au eșuat și puterile Antantei au respins oferta Germaniei pe motiv de onoare, remarcând că Germania nu a avansat propuneri concrete.<sup id="cite_ref-lanoszka_179-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lanoszka-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ultimii_ani_ai_războiului"><span id="Ultimii_ani_ai_r.C4.83zboiului"></span>Ultimii ani ai războiului</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ultimii ani ai războiului" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Revoluția_și_retragerea_Rusiei"><span id="Revolu.C8.9Bia_.C8.99i_retragerea_Rusiei"></span>Revoluția și retragerea Rusiei</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Revoluția și retragerea Rusiei" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_Rus%C4%83_din_1917?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revoluția Rusă din 1917">Revoluția Rusă din 1917</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <p>Până la sfârșitul lui 1916, pierderile rusiei totalizau aproape cinci milioane de morți, răniți sau prizonieri, mari zone urbane afectate de penurii de alimente și prețuri ridicate. În martie 1917, țarul Nicolaei a ordonat armatei să reprime un val de greve la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankt_Petersburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sankt Petersburg">Petrograd</a> dar soldații au refuzat să tragă în mulțime.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett2007523_182-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett2007523-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Revoluționarii au înființat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietul_din_Petrograd?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietul din Petrograd">Sovietul de la Petrograd</a> și, de teama preluării puterii de către stânga, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duma_de_Stat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duma de Stat">Duma de Stat</a> l-a obligat pe Nicolae să abdice și a înființat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guvernul_Provizoriu_Rus,_1917?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guvernul Provizoriu Rus, 1917">Guvernul Provizoriu Rus</a>, care a confirmat dorința Rusiei de a continua războiul. Sovietul de la Petrograd a refuzat însă să se dizolve, creând <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puterea_dubl%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puterea dublă">centre concurente de putere</a> și cauzând confuzie și haos, soldații de pe front devenind din ce în ce mai demoralizați și mai puțin dispuși să lupte.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinter2014110–132_183-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinter2014110%E2%80%93132-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>După abdicarea țarului, și cu ajutorul guvernului german, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> a fost adus din Elveția în Rusia la <time datetime="1917-04-16">16 aprilie 1917</time>. Nemulțumirile și slăbiciunile Guvernului Provizoriu au condus la o creștere a popularității Partidului Bolșevic, condus de Lenin, care cerea încetarea imediată a războiului. Revoluția din luna noiembrie a fost urmată în decembrie de un armistițiu și negocieri cu Germania. La început, bolșevicii au refuzat termenii germanilor, dar când trupele germane au început să pătrundă în Ucraina fără opoziție, noul guvern a acceptat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Brest-Litovsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de la Brest-Litovsk">tratatul de la Brest-Litovsk</a> pe <time datetime="1918-03-03">3 martie 1918</time>. Prin acest tratat, Rusia ceda Puterilor Centrale vaste teritorii, inclusiv Finlanda, Estonia, Letonia, Lituania, și părți din Polonia și Ucraina.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheeler-Bennett193836–41_184-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheeler-Bennett193836%E2%80%9341-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Cum <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Rus">Imperiul Rus</a> a ieșit din război, România s-a găsit singură pe Frontul de Est și a semnat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Bucure%C8%99ti_(1918)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de la București (1918)">tratatul de la București</a> cu Puterile Centrale în mai 1918, punând capăt stării de război între România și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puterile_Centrale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puterile Centrale">Puterile Centrale</a>. Conform tratatului, România trebuia să cedeze teritorii Austro-Ungariei și Bulgariei și să predea controlul asupra rezervelor ei de petrol Germaniei. În schimb, Puterile Centrale recunoșteau unirea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basarabia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basarabia">Basarabiei</a> cu România.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Intrarea_în_război_a_Statelor_Unite"><span id="Intrarea_.C3.AEn_r.C4.83zboi_a_Statelor_Unite"></span>Intrarea în război a Statelor Unite</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Intrarea în război a Statelor Unite" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:President_Woodrow_Wilson_asking_Congress_to_declare_war_on_Germany,_2_April_1917.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/President_Woodrow_Wilson_asking_Congress_to_declare_war_on_Germany%2C_2_April_1917.jpg/220px-President_Woodrow_Wilson_asking_Congress_to_declare_war_on_Germany%2C_2_April_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3342" data-file-height="2586"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/President_Woodrow_Wilson_asking_Congress_to_declare_war_on_Germany%2C_2_April_1917.jpg/220px-President_Woodrow_Wilson_asking_Congress_to_declare_war_on_Germany%2C_2_April_1917.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/President_Woodrow_Wilson_asking_Congress_to_declare_war_on_Germany%2C_2_April_1917.jpg/330px-President_Woodrow_Wilson_asking_Congress_to_declare_war_on_Germany%2C_2_April_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/President_Woodrow_Wilson_asking_Congress_to_declare_war_on_Germany%2C_2_April_1917.jpg/440px-President_Woodrow_Wilson_asking_Congress_to_declare_war_on_Germany%2C_2_April_1917.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Woodrow Wilson">Președintele Wilson</a> cerând <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Congress?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Congress">Congresului</a> să declare război Germaniei, <time datetime="1917-04-02">2 aprilie 1917</time> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Statele Unite au fost un mare furnizor de materiale de război pentru Antanta, dar rămăseseră neutre în 1914, în mare parte din cauza opoziției de pe plan intern.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson2012315–316_187-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson2012315%E2%80%93316-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cel mai important factor care a creat sprijinu lde care avea nevoie Wilson a fost ofensiva submarină a Germaniei, care nu doar a dus la moartea multor americani, ci a și paralizat comerțul, întrucât armatorii se fereau să mai scoată navele pe mare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson2012317_188-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson2012317-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La <time datetime="1917-04-06">6 aprilie 1917</time>, Congresul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Declara%C8%9Bia_de_r%C4%83zboi_a_SUA_%C3%AEmpotriva_Germaniei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Declarația de război a SUA împotriva Germaniei — pagină inexistentă">a declarat război Germaniei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7892405" class="extiw" title="d:Q7892405"><span title="declarația de război a SUA împotriva Germaniei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> ca „putere asociată” Antantei.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994318_189-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994318-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Navy?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Navy">Marina Americană</a> a trimis un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=United_States_Battleship_Division_Nine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="United States Battleship Division Nine — pagină inexistentă">grup de nave de luptă</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16165730" class="extiw" title="d:Q16165730"><span title="United States Battleship Division Nine la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Scapa_Flow&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Scapa Flow — pagină inexistentă">Scapa Flow</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213965" class="extiw" title="d:Q213965"><span title="Scapa Flow la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> să se alăture Marii Flote, și a furnizat escortă pentru convoiuri. În aprilie 1917, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Army?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army">Marina Statelor Unite</a> avea mai puțin de 300.000 de oameni, inclusiv unități ale <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C4%83rzii_Na%C8%9Bionale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gărzii Naționale — pagină inexistentă">Gărzii Naționale</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689764" class="extiw" title="d:Q689764"><span title="Gărzii Naționale la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, față de arnatele britanică și franceză, cu 4,1 și respectiv 8,3&nbsp;milioane. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Legea_Serviciului_Selectiv_din_1917&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Legea Serviciului Selectiv din 1917 — pagină inexistentă">Legea Serviciului Selectiv din 1917</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3954727" class="extiw" title="d:Q3954727"><span title="Legea Serviciului Selectiv din 1917 la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a recrutat în armată 2,8&nbsp;milioane de oameni, dar instruirea și echiparea atâtor soldați a fost o uriașă provocare logistică. Până în iunie 1918, peste 667.000 de membri ai <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=For%C8%9Bei_Expedi%C8%9Bionare_Americane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Forței Expediționare Americane — pagină inexistentă">Forței Expediționare Americane</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464176" class="extiw" title="d:Q464176"><span title="Forței Expediționare Americane la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> (AEF) au fost transportați în Franța, număr care s-a ridicat la 2 milioane până la sfârșitul lui noiembrie.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrotelueschen200614–15_190-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrotelueschen200614%E2%80%9315-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>În ciuda convingerii lui că Germania trebuie învinsă, Wilson a intrat în război pentru a se asigura că SUA vor juca un rol principal în formarea păcii, ceea ce însemna că AEF trebuia conservată ca forță militară separată, nu absorbită în unitățile britanice sau franceze, cum doreau aliații.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson2012318_191-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson2012318-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El a fost ferm susținut de comandantul AEF, generalul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_J._Pershing?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="John J. Pershing">John J. Pershing</a>, înainte de 1914 un promotor al „războiului deschis”, care considera că accentul pus de francezi și britanici pe artilerie este eronat și incompatibil cu „spiritul ofensiv” american.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrotelueschen200644–46_192-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrotelueschen200644%E2%80%9346-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spre marea frustrare a aliaților lui, care suferiseră pierderi grele în 1917, el a insistat să păstreze controlul asupra tuturor soldaților americani, și a refuzat să-i trimită pe front până când nu au putut opera ca unități independente. Ca urmare, principalele acțiuni americane în război au venit abia spre sfârșitul lui septembrie 1918, în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ofensiva_Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ofensiva Meuse–Argonne — pagină inexistentă">ofensiva Meuse–Argonne</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1926157" class="extiw" title="d:Q1926157"><span title="ofensiva Meuse–Argonne la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson2012403_193-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson2012403-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Ofensiva_lui_Nivelle_(aprilie–mai_1917)"><span id="Ofensiva_lui_Nivelle_.28aprilie.E2.80.93mai_1917.29"></span>Ofensiva lui Nivelle (aprilie–mai 1917)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ofensiva lui Nivelle (aprilie–mai 1917)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Canadian_tank_and_soldiers_Vimy_1917.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Files of soldiers with rifles slung follow close behind a tank, there is a dead body in the foreground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Canadian_tank_and_soldiers_Vimy_1917.jpg/220px-Canadian_tank_and_soldiers_Vimy_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="505"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 174px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Canadian_tank_and_soldiers_Vimy_1917.jpg/220px-Canadian_tank_and_soldiers_Vimy_1917.jpg" data-alt="Files of soldiers with rifles slung follow close behind a tank, there is a dead body in the foreground" data-width="220" data-height="174" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Canadian_tank_and_soldiers_Vimy_1917.jpg/330px-Canadian_tank_and_soldiers_Vimy_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Canadian_tank_and_soldiers_Vimy_1917.jpg/440px-Canadian_tank_and_soldiers_Vimy_1917.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Soldați din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Corpul_Canadian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Corpul Canadian — pagină inexistentă">Corpul Canadian</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665617" class="extiw" title="d:Q2665617"><span title="Corpul Canadian la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Creasta_Vimy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Creasta Vimy — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Creasta Vimy</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393299" class="extiw" title="d:Q393299"><span title="bătălia de la Creasta Vimy la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, 1917 </figcaption> </figure> <p>În decembrie 1916, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Nivelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Nivelle">Robert Nivelle</a> i-a luat locul lui Pétain în funcția de comandant al armatelor franceze de pe Frontul de Vest și a început să pregătească <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ofensiva_Nivelle&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ofensiva Nivelle — pagină inexistentă">un atac de primăvară</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005867" class="extiw" title="d:Q2005867"><span title="ofensiva Nivelle la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Champagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Champagne">Champagne</a>, în cadrul unei operațiuni comune franco-britanice. Nivelle a susținut că capturarea principalului său obiectiv, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chemin_des_Dames?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chemin des Dames">Chemin des Dames</a>, va reprezenta o mare lovitură cu costul a cel mult 15.000 de veiți.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton2003124_194-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton2003124-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Securitatea slabă a făcut ca serviciile germane de informații să afle din timp tactici și orare, dar chiar și așa, când a început atacul la <time datetime="1916-04-16">16 aprilie</time>, francezii să înainteze substanțial, înainte de a fi opriți de sistemele de apărare nou construite și extrem de puternice ale Liniei Hindenburg. Nivelle a persistat cu asalturi frontale și, până pe <time datetime="1917-04-25">25 aprilie</time>, francezii pierduseră aproape 135.000 de oameni, din care 30.000 de morți, cei mai mulți în primele două zile.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton2003129_195-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton2003129-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Atacurile britanice concurente de la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Arras_(1917)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Arras (1917)">Arras</a> au avut mai mult succes, dar mai puțină valoare strategică.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrachan2003244_196-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrachan2003244-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Operând ca unitate separată pentru prima oară, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Corpul_Canadian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Corpul Canadian — pagină inexistentă">Corpul Canadian</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665617" class="extiw" title="d:Q2665617"><span title="Corpul Canadian la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a capturat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Creasta_Vimy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Creasta Vimy — pagină inexistentă">Creasta Vimy</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393299" class="extiw" title="d:Q393299"><span title="Creasta Vimy la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, reușită pe care mulți canadieni o văd ca moment definitoriu în formarea identității lor naționale.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInglis19952_197-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInglis19952-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries200766_198-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200766-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deși Nivelle a continuat ofensiva, pe <time datetime="1917-05-03">3 mai</time> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Divizia_21&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Divizia 21 — pagină inexistentă">Divizia 21</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2814888" class="extiw" title="d:Q2814888"><span title="Divizia 21 la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, care fusese implicată în unele din cele mai grele lupte la Verdun, a refuzat ordinele de a intra în luptă, declanșând <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zvr%C4%83tirile_din_Armata_Francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Răzvrătirile din Armata Franceză — pagină inexistentă">Răzvrătirile din Armata Franceză</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3088431" class="extiw" title="d:Q3088431"><span title="Răzvrătirile din Armata Franceză la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>; în câteva zile, „indisciplina colectivă” se răspândise la 54 de divizii, în timp ce peste 20.000 de soldați au dezertat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorne1964323_199-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorne1964323-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frământările au fost aproape cu totul limitate la infanterie, ale căror revendicări erau în mare parte apolitice: sprijin economic mai bun pentru familiile de acasă, și permisii regulate, care fuseseră oprite de Nivelle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton2003131_200-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton2003131-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Campania_din_Sinai_și_Palestina_(1917–1918)"><span id="Campania_din_Sinai_.C8.99i_Palestina_.281917.E2.80.931918.29"></span>Campania din Sinai și Palestina (1917–1918)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Campania din Sinai și Palestina (1917–1918)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Capture_of_Jerusalem_1917d.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Capture_of_Jerusalem_1917d.jpg/220px-Capture_of_Jerusalem_1917d.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2433" data-file-height="1305"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 118px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Capture_of_Jerusalem_1917d.jpg/220px-Capture_of_Jerusalem_1917d.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="118" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Capture_of_Jerusalem_1917d.jpg/330px-Capture_of_Jerusalem_1917d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Capture_of_Jerusalem_1917d.jpg/440px-Capture_of_Jerusalem_1917d.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Baterie britanică de artilerie la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muntele_Scopus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muntele Scopus">Muntele Scopus</a> în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Ierusalim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Ierusalim — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Ierusalim</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378270" class="extiw" title="d:Q1378270"><span title="bătălia de la Ierusalim la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, 1917. </figcaption> </figure> <p>În martie și aprilie 1917, în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prima_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_la_Gaza&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prima bătălie de la Gaza — pagină inexistentă">prima</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2791318" class="extiw" title="d:Q2791318"><span title="prima bătălie de la Gaza la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=A_doua_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_la_Gaza&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="A doua bătălie de la Gaza — pagină inexistentă">a doua bătălie de la Gaza</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388581" class="extiw" title="d:Q388581"><span title="a doua bătălie de la Gaza la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, forțele germane și otomane au oprit înaintarea Forței Expediționare Egiptene, care începuse în august 1916 în bătălia de la Romani.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson2001163_201-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson2001163-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La sfârșitul lui octombrie 1917, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campania_din_Sinai_%C8%99i_Palestina_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campania din Sinai și Palestina (Primul Război Mondial)">campania din Sinai și Palestina</a> s-a reluat, când <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Corpul_al_XX-lea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Corpul al XX-lea — pagină inexistentă">Corpul al XX-lea</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4029901" class="extiw" title="d:Q4029901"><span title="Corpul al XX-lea la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Corpul_al_XXI-lea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Corpul al XXI-lea — pagină inexistentă">Corpul al XXI-lea</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4030094" class="extiw" title="d:Q4030094"><span title="Corpul al XXI-lea la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Corpul_de_Cavalerie_a_De%C8%99ertului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Corpul de Cavalerie a Deșertului — pagină inexistentă">Corpul de Cavalerie a Deșertului</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267531" class="extiw" title="d:Q267531"><span title="Corpul de Cavalerie a Deșertului la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> conduse de generalul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Allenby&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Edmund Allenby — pagină inexistentă">Edmund Allenby</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334846" class="extiw" title="d:Q334846"><span title="Edmund Allenby la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> au căștigat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Beersheba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Beersheba — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Beersheba</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665626" class="extiw" title="d:Q2665626"><span title="bătălia de la Beersheba la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Două armate otomane au fost învinse după câteva săptămâni în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Creasta_Mughar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Creasta Mughar — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Creasta Mughar</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4871819" class="extiw" title="d:Q4871819"><span title="bătălia de la Creasta Mughar la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și, la începutul lui decembrie, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem">Ierusalimul</a> a fost capturat în urma unei noi înfrângeri otomane în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Ierusalim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Ierusalim — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Ierusalim</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378270" class="extiw" title="d:Q1378270"><span title="bătălia de la Ierusalim la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La această dată, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Freiherr_Kress_von_Kressenstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein — pagină inexistentă">Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61808" class="extiw" title="d:Q61808"><span title="Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a fost înlocuit din funcția de comandant al Armatei a Opta și înlocuit cu by <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Djevad_Pa%C8%99a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Djevad Pașa — pagină inexistentă">Djevad Pașa</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052624" class="extiw" title="d:Q1052624"><span title="Djevad Pașa la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, și câteva luni mai târziu, comandantul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armata_otoman%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armata otomană">Armatei Otomane</a> din Palestina, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erich_von_Falkenhayn?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erich von Falkenhayn">Erich von Falkenhayn</a>, a fost înlocuit cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Otto_Liman_von_Sanders&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Otto Liman von Sanders — pagină inexistentă">Otto Liman von Sanders</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57470" class="extiw" title="d:Q57470"><span title="Otto Liman von Sanders la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La începutul lui 1918, linia frontului <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Ierihon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Ierihon — pagină inexistentă">a fost extinsă</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5037023" class="extiw" title="d:Q5037023"><span title="bătălia de la Ierihon la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valea_Iordanului?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valea Iordanului">valea Iordanului</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16255524" class="extiw" title="d:Q16255524"><span title="valea Iordanului la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a fost ocupată, în urma <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prima_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_pe_Iordan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prima bătălie de pe Iordan — pagină inexistentă">primului atac transiordanic</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5453921" class="extiw" title="d:Q5453921"><span title="prima bătălie de pe Iordan la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și celui de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=A_doua_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_pe_Iordan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="A doua bătălie de pe Iordan — pagină inexistentă">al doilea atac transiordanic</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7443608" class="extiw" title="d:Q7443608"><span title="a doua bătălie de pe Iordan la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> ale forțelor Imperiului Britanic în martie și aprilie 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson2001195_209-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson2001195-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Ofensiva_germană_și_contraofensiva_Aliaților_(martie–noiembrie_1918)"><span id="Ofensiva_german.C4.83_.C8.99i_contraofensiva_Alia.C8.9Bilor_.28martie.E2.80.93noiembrie_1918.29"></span>Ofensiva germană și contraofensiva Aliaților (martie–noiembrie 1918)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ofensiva germană și contraofensiva Aliaților (martie–noiembrie 1918)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Riflemen-1918-Western-Front.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Riflemen-1918-Western-Front.png/220px-Riflemen-1918-Western-Front.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="471"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Riflemen-1918-Western-Front.png/220px-Riflemen-1918-Western-Front.png" data-width="220" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Riflemen-1918-Western-Front.png/330px-Riflemen-1918-Western-Front.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Riflemen-1918-Western-Front.png/440px-Riflemen-1918-Western-Front.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Între aprilie și noiembrie 1918, aliații și-au crescut forța de pușcași de pe front, în vreme ce cea a germanilor a scăzut cu jumătate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAyers1919104_210-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAyers1919104-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>În decembrie 1917, Puterile Centrale au semnat un armistițiu cu Rusia, eliberând astfel mulți soldați germani pentru a putea fi folosiți în vest. Cum veneau și întăriri germane, și noi trupe americane, era evident că rezultatul războiului avea să se decidă pe Frontul de Vest. Puterile Centrale știau că nu pot câștiga un război prelungit, dar trăgeau mari speranțe de la o ofensivă rapidă finală.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeyman1997146–147_211-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyman1997146%E2%80%93147-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ludendorff a întocmit planuri (cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nume_de_cod?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nume de cod">numele de cod</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Opera%C8%9Biunea_Michael&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Operațiunea Michael — pagină inexistentă">Operațiunea Michael</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152008" class="extiw" title="d:Q152008"><span title="Operațiunea Michael la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>) pentru ofensiva din 1918 de pe Frontul de Vest. Operațiunea a început la <time datetime="1918-03-21">21 martie 1918</time>, cu un atac asupra forțelor britanice lângă <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Quentin,_Aisne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Quentin, Aisne">Saint-Quentin</a>. Forțele germane au reușit o înaintare fără precedent, de 60&nbsp;km.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestwell2004_212-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestwell2004-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ofensiva inițială a fost un success; după lupte grele însă, ea a fost oprită. În lipsa tancurilor și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Artilerie_motorizat%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Artilerie motorizată — pagină inexistentă">artileriei motorizate</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2000908" class="extiw" title="d:Q2000908"><span title="artilerie motorizată la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, germanii nu au putut să-și consolideze câștigurile. Problemele de reaprovizionare au fost exacerbate și de distanțele din ce în ce mai mari care se întindeau acum pe un teren distrus de bombardamente și adesea imposibil de traversat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray199186_213-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray199186-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>După aceasta, Germania a lansat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Opera%C8%9Biunea_Georgette&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Operațiunea Georgette — pagină inexistentă">Operațiunea Georgette</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088364" class="extiw" title="d:Q1088364"><span title="Operațiunea Georgette la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> împotriva porturilor de la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canalul_M%C3%A2necii?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canalul Mânecii">Canalul Mânecii</a>. Aliații au oprit înaintarea după câștiguri teritoriale limitate ale Germaniei. Armata Germană de la sud a efectuat apoi <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_treia_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_pe_Aisne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A treia bătălie de pe Aisne">Operațiunile Blücher and Yorck</a>, încercând să înainteze către Paris. Germania a lansat Operațiunea Marna (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_doua_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_pe_Marna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A doua bătălie de pe Marna">a doua bătălie de pe Marne</a>) la <time datetime="1918-07-15">15 iulie</time>, într-o încercare de a încercui orașul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reims?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reims">Reims</a>. Contraatacul rezultat, care a declanșat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ofensiva_de_100_de_zile?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ofensiva de 100 de zile">Ofensiva de 100 de Zile</a> la <time datetime="1918-08-08">8 august</time>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERickard2007_214-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERickard2007-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a dus la prăbușirea însemnată a moralului germanilor.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERickard2001_216-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERickard2001-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Înaintarea_aliaților_până_la_Linia_Hindenburg"><span id=".C3.8Enaintarea_alia.C8.9Bilor_p.C3.A2n.C4.83_la_Linia_Hindenburg"></span>Înaintarea aliaților până la Linia Hindenburg</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Înaintarea aliaților până la Linia Hindenburg" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:US23rdInfantry37mmGunInActionFrance1918-ARC531005.gif?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/US23rdInfantry37mmGunInActionFrance1918-ARC531005.gif/220px-US23rdInfantry37mmGunInActionFrance1918-ARC531005.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2956" data-file-height="2300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 171px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/US23rdInfantry37mmGunInActionFrance1918-ARC531005.gif/220px-US23rdInfantry37mmGunInActionFrance1918-ARC531005.gif" data-width="220" data-height="171" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/US23rdInfantry37mmGunInActionFrance1918-ARC531005.gif/330px-US23rdInfantry37mmGunInActionFrance1918-ARC531005.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/US23rdInfantry37mmGunInActionFrance1918-ARC531005.gif/440px-US23rdInfantry37mmGunInActionFrance1918-ARC531005.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Soldați americani trăgând asupra tranșeelor germane în timpul ofensivei Meuse-Argonne, 1918 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Până în septembrie, germanii se retrăseseră înapoi la Linia Hindenburg. Aliații <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ofensiva_de_100_de_zile?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ofensiva de 100 de zile">au ajuns la Linia Hindenburg</a> și ei în nord și centru. Forțele germane au lansat numeroase contraatacuri, dar pozițiile și avanposturile Liniei au continuat să cadă, doar BEF luând 30.441&nbsp;de prizonieri în ultimele săptămâni ale lunii septembrie. Pe <time datetime="1918-09-24">24 septembrie</time>, Comandamentul Suprem al Armatei a informat conducătorii de la Berlin că discuțiile pentru un armistițiu sunt inevitabile.<sup id="cite_ref-Chron-FWW_218-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chron-FWW-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ofensiva_de_100_de_zile?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ofensiva de 100 de zile">Ultimul asalt</a> asupra Liniei Hindenburg a început cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ofensiva_Meuse-Argonne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ofensiva Meuse-Argonne — pagină inexistentă">ofensiva Meuse-Argonne</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1926157" class="extiw" title="d:Q1926157"><span title="ofensiva Meuse-Argonne la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, lansată de trupe americane și franceze la <time datetime="1918-09-26">26 septembrie</time>. Două zile mai târziu, armatele aliate (belgiană, franceză și britanică) <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=A_cincea_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_la_Ypres&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="A cincea bătălie de la Ypres — pagină inexistentă">au atacat lângă Ypres</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5447484" class="extiw" title="d:Q5447484"><span title="a cincea bătălie de la Ypres la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, și a doua zi Armatele a Patra Britanică și Întâi Franceză la St Quentin în centrul liniei. Săptămâna următoare, unități americane și franceze în cooperare au străpuns frontul în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Champagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Champagne">Champagne</a> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Creasta_Blanc_Mont&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Creasta Blanc Mont — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Creasta Blanc Mont</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3636348" class="extiw" title="d:Q3636348"><span title="bătălia de la Creasta Blanc Mont la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> (<time datetime="1918-10-03">3</time>–<time datetime="1918-10-27">27 octombrie</time>), împingându-i pe germani de pe punctele înalte și apropiindu-se de frontiera belgiană.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLellan49_219-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLellan49-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La <time datetime="1918-10-08">8 octombrie</time>, Linia Hindenburg a fost străpunsă de trupele britanice și din dominioane din Armatele Întâi și a Treia Britanice în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=A_doua_bat%C4%83lie_de_la_Cambrai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="A doua batălie de la Cambrai — pagină inexistentă">a doua batălie de la Cambrai</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2585904" class="extiw" title="d:Q2585904"><span title="a doua batălie de la Cambrai la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie1997?_220-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie1997?-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Străpungerea_Frontului_Macedonean_(septembrie_1918)"><span id="Str.C4.83pungerea_Frontului_Macedonean_.28septembrie_1918.29"></span>Străpungerea Frontului Macedonean (septembrie 1918)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Străpungerea Frontului Macedonean (septembrie 1918)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Bulgarian_major_Ivanov_with_white_flag_surrendering_to_Serbian_7th_Danube_ragiment.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bulgarian_major_Ivanov_with_white_flag_surrendering_to_Serbian_7th_Danube_ragiment.jpg/220px-Bulgarian_major_Ivanov_with_white_flag_surrendering_to_Serbian_7th_Danube_ragiment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1372" data-file-height="533"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 85px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bulgarian_major_Ivanov_with_white_flag_surrendering_to_Serbian_7th_Danube_ragiment.jpg/220px-Bulgarian_major_Ivanov_with_white_flag_surrendering_to_Serbian_7th_Danube_ragiment.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="85" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bulgarian_major_Ivanov_with_white_flag_surrendering_to_Serbian_7th_Danube_ragiment.jpg/330px-Bulgarian_major_Ivanov_with_white_flag_surrendering_to_Serbian_7th_Danube_ragiment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bulgarian_major_Ivanov_with_white_flag_surrendering_to_Serbian_7th_Danube_ragiment.jpg/440px-Bulgarian_major_Ivanov_with_white_flag_surrendering_to_Serbian_7th_Danube_ragiment.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Maiorul bulgar Ivanov cu steagul alb capitulând în fața Regimentului 7 Dunărea sârb lângă <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kumanovo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Forțele aliate au declanșat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ofensiva_Vardar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ofensiva Vardar">ofensiva Vardarului</a> la <time datetime="1918-09-05">5 septembrie</time> în două puncte-cheie: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dobro_Pole?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dobro Pole">Dobro Pole</a> și lângă <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lacul_Doiran?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lacul Doiran">Lacul Dojran</a>. În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Dobro_Pole?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Dobro Pole">bătălia de la Dobro Pole</a>, armatele sârbă și franceză au repurtat un succes după o bătălie de trei zile cu relativ puține pierderi, și apoi au străpuns frontul, ceva ce rar se întâmplase în Primul Război Mondial. După străpungerea frontului, forțele aliate au început să elibereze Serbia și au ajuns la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skopje?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> la <time datetime="1918-09-29">29 septembrie</time>, după care <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgaria_%C3%AEn_timpul_Primului_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulgaria în timpul Primului Război Mondial">Bulgaria</a> a semnat un armistițiu cu aliații la <time datetime="1918-09-30">30 septembrie</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Armistiții_și_capitulări"><span id="Armisti.C8.9Bii_.C8.99i_capitul.C4.83ri"></span>Armistiții și capitulări</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Armistiții și capitulări" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Trento_3_novembre_1918.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Trento_3_novembre_1918.jpg/220px-Trento_3_novembre_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="339"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Trento_3_novembre_1918.jpg/220px-Trento_3_novembre_1918.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Trento_3_novembre_1918.jpg/330px-Trento_3_novembre_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Trento_3_novembre_1918.jpg/440px-Trento_3_novembre_1918.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Italian troops reach <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trento">Trento</a> during the <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Vittorio_Veneto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a>, 1918 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Prăbușirea Puterilor Centrale a venit rapid. Bulgaria a fost prima care a semnat un armistițiu, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armisti%C8%9Biul_de_la_Salonic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armistițiul de la Salonic">Armistițiul de la Salonic</a> pe <time datetime="1918-09-29">29 septembrie 1918</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-indiana.edu-1918_223-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-indiana.edu-1918-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Împăratul german <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilhelm_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II">Wilhelm al II-lea</a> a descris astfel situația într-o telegramă adresată <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferdinand_I_al_Bulgariei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferdinand I al Bulgariei">țarului bulgar Ferdinand I</a>: „Rușinos! 62.000 de sârbi au hotărât războiul!”.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În aceeași zi, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Comandamentul_Suprem_al_Armatei_Germane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Comandamentul Suprem al Armatei Germane — pagină inexistentă">Comandamentul Suprem al Armatei Germane</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641853" class="extiw" title="d:Q641853"><span title="Comandamentul Suprem al Armatei Germane la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> i-a informat pe kaiserul Wilhelm al II-lea și pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cancelar_federal_al_Germaniei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cancelar federal al Germaniei">cancelarul imperial</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conte">contele</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Georg_von_Hertling&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Georg von Hertling — pagină inexistentă">Georg von Hertling</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161084" class="extiw" title="d:Q161084"><span title="Georg von Hertling la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, că situația militară cu care se confruntă Germania este fără speranță.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAxelrod2018260_226-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAxelrod2018260-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La <time datetime="1918-10-24">24 octombrie</time>, italienii au început o înaintare care a recuperat rapid teritoriul pierdut după <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Caporetto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Caporetto">bătălia de la Caporetto</a>. Aceasta a culminat cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Vittorio_Veneto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bătălia de la Vittorio Veneto">bătălia de la Vittorio Veneto</a>, care a marcat sfârșitul Armatei Austro-Ungare ca forță de luptă efectivă. Ofensiva a declanșat și dezintegrarea Imperiului Austro-Ungar. În ultimele săptămâni din octombrie, s-au făcut declarații de independență la Budapesta, Praga și Zagreb. La <time datetime="1918-10-29">29 octombrie</time>, autoritățile imperiale au cerut Italiei armistițiu, dar italienii au continuat să înainteze, ajungând la Trento, Udine, și Trieste. La <time datetime="1918-11-03">3 noiembrie</time>, Austro-Ungaria a trimis un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drapel_alb?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drapel alb">steag alb</a> să ceară <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armisti%C8%9Biul_de_la_Villa_Giusti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armistițiul de la Villa Giusti">armistițiul de la Villa Giusti</a>. Termenii acestuia, aranjați cu autoritățile aliate de la Paris, au fost comunicați comandantului austriac și acceptați. Armistițiul cu Austria a fost semnat la Villa Giusti, lângă <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padova?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padova">Padova</a>, la <time datetime="1918-11-03">3 noiembrie</time>. Austria și Ungaria au semnat armistiții separate după răsturnarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarhia_Habsburgic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monarhia Habsburgică">Monarhiei Habsburgice</a>. În zilele care au urmat, armata italiană a ocupat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Innsbruck?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruckul</a> și întrec <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tirol_(regiune_istoric%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tirol (regiune istorică)">Tirolul</a>, cu peste 20.000 de soldați.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Pe <time datetime="1918-10-30">30 octombrie</time>, Imperiul Otoman a capitulat, și a semnat armistițiul de la Mudros.<sup id="cite_ref-indiana.edu-1918_223-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-indiana.edu-1918-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Capitularea_guvernului_german">Capitularea guvernului german</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Capitularea guvernului german" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Armisticetrain.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Armisticetrain.jpg/220px-Armisticetrain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="719"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 290px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Armisticetrain.jpg/220px-Armisticetrain.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="290" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Armisticetrain.jpg/330px-Armisticetrain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Armisticetrain.jpg/440px-Armisticetrain.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferdinand_Foch?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferdinand Foch">Ferdinand Foch</a> (<i>al doilea din dreapta</i>) alături de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vagonul&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vagonul — pagină inexistentă">vagonul</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327820" class="extiw" title="d:Q327820"><span title="vagonul la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> de la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compi%C3%A8gne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compiègne">Compiègne</a> după acceptarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armisti%C8%9Biul_de_la_Compi%C3%A8gne_(1918)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armistițiul de la Compiègne (1918)">armistițiului</a> care a pus capăt luptelor de pe Frontul de Vest.<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Cu armata în dificultate și cu o pierdere generalizată a încrederii în kaiser, care a dus la abdicarea acestuia și plecarea din țară, Germania a luat calea capitulării. Principele Maximilian de Baden a preluat frâiele unui nou guvern la <time datetime="1918-10-03">3 octombrie</time> în calitate de cancelar al Germaniei pentru a negocia cu Antanta. Negocierile cu președintele Wilson au început imediat, în speranța că el va oferi termeni mai buni decât britanicii și francezii. Wilson a cerut monarhie constituțională și control parlamentar asupra armatei germane.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson2004385_229-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson2004385-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>În nordul Germaniei, la sfârșitul lui octombrie 1918 a izbucnit <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_German%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revoluția Germană">Revoluția Germană din 1918–1919</a>. Unități ale Marinei Germane au refuzat să ridice ancora pentru o ultimă operațiune pe scară largă dintr-un război pe care îl considerau deja pierdut, ceea ce a declanșat revolta. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83scoala_marinarilor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Răscoala marinarilor — pagină inexistentă">Răscoala marinarilor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702250" class="extiw" title="d:Q702250"><span title="Răscoala marinarilor la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, care a urmat în porturile militare <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilhelmshaven?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, s-a împrăștiat în toată țara și în câteva zile a condus la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proclamarea_republicii_%C3%AEn_Germania&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proclamarea republicii în Germania — pagină inexistentă">proclamarea republicii</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779851" class="extiw" title="d:Q779851"><span title="proclamarea republicii în Germania la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> la <time datetime="1918-11-09">9 noiembrie 1918</time>, la scurt timp după <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Abdicarea_kaiserului_Wilhelm_al_II-lea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Abdicarea kaiserului Wilhelm al II-lea — pagină inexistentă">abdicarea kaiserului Wilhelm al II-lea</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21187577" class="extiw" title="d:Q21187577"><span title="abdicarea kaiserului Wilhelm al II-lea la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, și capitularea Germaniei.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson2004383_233-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson2004383-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson2004Chapter_17_234-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson2004Chapter_17-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Urmări"><span id="Urm.C4.83ri"></span>Urmări</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=40&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Urmări" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>În urma războiului, au dispărut patru imperii: cel German, cel Austro-Ungar, cel Otoman și cel Rus.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numeroase state naționale și-au redobândit independența, iar altele au apărut pentru prima dată. Patru dinastii au căzut ca urmare a războiului: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dinastia_Romanov?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dinastia Romanov">Romanovii</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohenzollern?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohenzollern">Hohenzollernii</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Casa_de_Habsburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Casa de Habsburg">Habsburgii</a>, și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Otoman%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dinastia Otomană — pagină inexistentă">Otomanii</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193383" class="extiw" title="d:Q193383"><span title="Dinastia Otomană la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. Belgia și Serbia au avut mult de suferit, și la fel și Franța, care a pierdut 1,4&nbsp;milioane de soldați morți,<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fără a-i mai număra pe cei rămași infirmi. Germania și Rusia au fost și ele la fel de grav afectate.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_2005_273_237-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Tucker_2005_273-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sfârșitul_oficial_al_războiului"><span id="Sf.C3.A2r.C8.99itul_oficial_al_r.C4.83zboiului"></span>Sfârșitul oficial al războiului</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=41&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sfârșitul oficial al războiului" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:William_Orpen_-_The_Signing_of_Peace_in_the_Hall_of_Mirrors.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/William_Orpen_-_The_Signing_of_Peace_in_the_Hall_of_Mirrors.jpg/220px-William_Orpen_-_The_Signing_of_Peace_in_the_Hall_of_Mirrors.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2271" data-file-height="2720"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 263px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/William_Orpen_-_The_Signing_of_Peace_in_the_Hall_of_Mirrors.jpg/220px-William_Orpen_-_The_Signing_of_Peace_in_the_Hall_of_Mirrors.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="263" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/William_Orpen_-_The_Signing_of_Peace_in_the_Hall_of_Mirrors.jpg/330px-William_Orpen_-_The_Signing_of_Peace_in_the_Hall_of_Mirrors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/William_Orpen_-_The_Signing_of_Peace_in_the_Hall_of_Mirrors.jpg/440px-William_Orpen_-_The_Signing_of_Peace_in_the_Hall_of_Mirrors.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Semnarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Versailles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de la Versailles">tratatului de la Versailles</a> în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sala_Oglinzilor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sala Oglinzilor">Sala Oglinzilor</a>, Versailles, <time datetime="1919-06-28">28 iunie 1919</time>, de către Sir <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Orpen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William Orpen — pagină inexistentă">William Orpen</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922483" class="extiw" title="d:Q922483"><span title="William Orpen la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Starea de război între cele două tabere a mai persistat încă șapte luni, până la semnarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Versailles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de la Versailles">tratatului de la Versailles</a> cu Germania la <time datetime="1919-06-28">28 iunie 1919</time>. Senatul Statelor Unite nu a ratificat tratatul, deși publicul îl sprijinea,<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și nu și-a încheiat oficial implicarea în război până la semnarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rezolu%C8%9Biei_Knox%E2%80%93Porter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rezoluției Knox–Porter — pagină inexistentă">Rezoluției Knox–Porter</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423706" class="extiw" title="d:Q6423706"><span title="Rezoluției Knox–Porter la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> la <time datetime="1921-07-02">2 iulie 1921</time> de către președintele <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warren_G._Harding?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În ce privește Imperiul Britanic, starea de război a încetat conform stipulărilor <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Legii_de_Terminare_a_Actualului_R%C4%83zboi_din_1918&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Legii de Terminare a Actualului Război din 1918 — pagină inexistentă">Legii de Terminare a Actualului Război din 1918</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17112533" class="extiw" title="d:Q17112533"><span title="Legii de Terminare a Actualului Război din 1918 la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i> după cum urmează:</p> <dl> <dd> <ul> <li>cu Germania la <time datetime="1920-01-10">10 ianuarie 1920</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>cu Austria la <time datetime="1920-07-16">16 iulie 1920</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>cu Bulgaria la <time datetime="1920-08-09">9 august 1920</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>cu Ungaria la <time datetime="1921-07-26">26 iulie 1921</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>cu Turcia la <time datetime="1924-08-06">6 august 1924</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Venizelos_signing_the_Treaty_of_Sevres.jpeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Venizelos_signing_the_Treaty_of_Sevres.jpeg/220px-Venizelos_signing_the_Treaty_of_Sevres.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="5088"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Venizelos_signing_the_Treaty_of_Sevres.jpeg/220px-Venizelos_signing_the_Treaty_of_Sevres.jpeg" data-width="220" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Venizelos_signing_the_Treaty_of_Sevres.jpeg/330px-Venizelos_signing_the_Treaty_of_Sevres.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Venizelos_signing_the_Treaty_of_Sevres.jpeg/440px-Venizelos_signing_the_Treaty_of_Sevres.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Prim-ministrul grec <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a> semnează <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_S%C3%A8vres?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de la Sèvres">tratatul de la Sèvres</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Cele mai multe comemorări consideră finalul războiului a fi odată cu armistițiul din <time datetime="1918-11-11">11 noiembrie 1918</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alte memoriale de război datează finalul lui în 1919, odată cu semnarea tratatelor de pace, și întoarcerea soldaților acasă, iar altele iau în calcul conflictele ulterioare pe scară mai mică, care au continuat Primul Război Mondial, a fi parte din conflict, sau cel puțin din implicarea țărilor respective în el.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tratatele_de_pace_și_granițele_naționale"><span id="Tratatele_de_pace_.C8.99i_grani.C8.9Bele_na.C8.9Bionale"></span>Tratatele de pace și granițele naționale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=42&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Tratatele de pace și granițele naționale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Map_Europe_1923-en.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_Europe_1923-en.svg/langro-220px-Map_Europe_1923-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="704"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_Europe_1923-en.svg/langro-220px-Map_Europe_1923-en.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_Europe_1923-en.svg/langro-330px-Map_Europe_1923-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_Europe_1923-en.svg/langro-440px-Map_Europe_1923-en.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Hartă a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_schimb%C4%83ri_de_frontiere&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Listă de schimbări de frontiere — pagină inexistentă">schimbărilor teritoriale din Europa</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3251953" class="extiw" title="d:Q3251953"><span title="listă de schimbări de frontiere la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> de după Primul Război Mondial (1923) </figcaption> </figure> <p>După război, atenția academică s-a îndreptat asupra cauzelor lui și asupra elementelor care ar putea să facă pacea să înflorească. În parte, acestea au condus la instituționalizarea păcii și studiului conflictelor, securității și relațiilor internaționale în general.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conferin%C8%9Ba_de_Pace_de_la_Paris_din_1919?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conferința de Pace de la Paris din 1919">Conferința de Pace de la Paris</a> a impus o serie de tratate de pace Puterilor Centrale punând capăt oficial războiului. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Versailles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de la Versailles">Tratatul de la Versailles</a> din 1919 încheia conflictul cu Germania și, bazându-se pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cele_14_puncte_ale_pre%C8%99edintelui_Wilson?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cele 14 puncte ale președintelui Wilson">al 14-lea punct al lui Wilson</a>, înființa <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Societatea_Na%C8%9Biunilor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Societatea Națiunilor">Liga Națiunilor</a> la <time datetime="1919-06-28">28 iunie 1919</time>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagliveras19998–12_248-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagliveras19998%E2%80%9312-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorthedge198635–36_249-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorthedge198635%E2%80%9336-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Puterile Centrale a trebuit să-și recunoască responsabilitatea pentru „toate pierderile și daunele la care au fost supuși Aliații și Guvernele Asociate și cetățenii lor ca urmare a războiului ce le-a fost impus prin” agresiunea lor. În tratatul de la Versailles, această afirmație se regăsește în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Articolul_231&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Articolul 231 — pagină inexistentă">Articolul 231</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2247294" class="extiw" title="d:Q2247294"><span title="Articolul 231 la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. Acest articol a devenit cunoscut drept „clauza vinovăției pentru război”, din pricina căreia majoritatea germanilor s-au simțit umiliți și au păstrat resentimente.<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În ansamblu, germanii simțeau că au primit un tratament nedrept din partea a ceea cei ei numeau „<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dictat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dictat — pagină inexistentă">diktatul</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16829666" class="extiw" title="d:Q16829666"><span title="dictat la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> de la Versailles”. Istoricul german Hagen Schulze a afirmat că tratatul punea Germania „sub incidența sancțiunilor legale, o priva de forța militară, o ruina economic, și o umilea politic.”<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istoricul belgian Laurence Van Ypersele subliniază rolul central jucat de memoria războiului și de tratatul de la Versailles în politica germană în deceniile anilor 1920 și 1930:</p> <blockquote> <p>Negarea activă a vinovăției pentru război în Germania și resentimentul germanilor față de despăgubiri dar și față de continuarea ocupației aliate a Renaniei au făcut să fie problematică revizuirea înțelesului și memoriei războiului. Legenda „<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mitul_cu%C8%9Bitului_%C3%AEnfipt_%C3%AEn_spate?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mitul cuțitului înfipt în spate">cuțitului în spate</a>” și dorința de a revizui «diktatul de la Versailles», și credința într-un tratat internațional al cărui scop este eliminarea națiunii germane au persistat în inima vieții politice germane. Chiar un pacifist ca [<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav</a>] Stresemann respingea public vinovăția Germaniei. În ce-i privește pe naziști, ei fluturau drapelul trădării interne și conspirației internaționale într-o încercare de a galvaniza națiunea germană într-un spirit de răzbunare. Ca Italia Fascistă, Germania Nazistă a încercat să deturneze memoria războiului în beneficiul propriilor politici.<sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </blockquote> <p>Între timp, noile națiuni eliberate de sub dominație germană considerau tratatul a fi o recunoaștere a relelor de care suferiseră națiunile mici din partea vecinilor agresivi și puternici.<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary.png/220px-Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1641" data-file-height="970"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary.png/220px-Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary.png" data-width="220" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary.png/330px-Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary.png/440px-Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Destr%C4%83marea_Austro-Ungariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Destrămarea Austro-Ungariei — pagină inexistentă">Destrămarea Austro-Ungariei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58672" class="extiw" title="d:Q58672"><span title="destrămarea Austro-Ungariei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> după război </figcaption> </figure> <p>Austro-Ungaria a fost împărțită între mai multe state succesoare, în cea mai mare parte (dar nu perfect) de-a lungul liniilor etnice. În afară de Austria și Ungaria, Cehoslovacia, Italia, Polonia, România și Iugoslavia au primit teritorii de la Dubla Monarhie. Detaliile tehnice exacte au fost stabilite în tratatele de la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Saint-Germain-en-Laye?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de la Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Trianon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratatul de la Trianon">Trianon</a>. Ca rezultat, Ungaria a pierdut 64% din populația ei totală, scăzând de la 20,9&nbsp;milioane la 7,6&nbsp;milioane, și pierzând 31% (3,3 din 10,7&nbsp;milioane) de etnici <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maghiari?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maghiari">maghiari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conform recensământului din 1910, vorbitorii limbii maghiare reprezentau doar aproximativ 54% din populația <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Ungariei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Ungariei">Regatului Ungariei</a>, în care erau prezente numeroase minorități etnice, care însă erau majoritare fiecare în regiunile lor: 16,1% <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rom%C3%A2ni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Români">români</a>, 10,5% <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovaci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovaci">slovaci</a>, 10,4% <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germani?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germani">germani</a>, 2,5% <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruteni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruteni">ruteni</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690869" class="extiw" title="d:Q690869"><span title="Ruteni la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, 2.5% <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A2rbi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sârbi">sârbi</a> și 8% alții.<sup id="cite_ref-Frucht,_p._356_255-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Frucht,_p._356-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Între 1920 și 1924, 354.000 de maghiari au plecat din fostele teritorii maghiare care au fost atașate la România, Cehoslovacia, și Iugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Imperiul Rus, retras din război în 1917 după Revoluția din Octombrie, și-a pierdut cea mai mare parte a frontierei vestice, unde au apărut statele naționale <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istoria_Estoniei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istoria Estoniei">Estonia</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istoria_Finlandei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istoria Finlandei">Finlanda</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istoria_Letoniei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istoria Letoniei">Letonia</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istoria_Lituaniei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istoria Lituaniei">Lituania</a>, și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_Doua_Republic%C4%83_Polonez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A Doua Republică Poloneză">Polonia</a>. România a preluat controlul asupra Basarabiei în aprilie 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark1927_257-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark1927-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Identități_naționale"><span id="Identit.C4.83.C8.9Bi_na.C8.9Bionale"></span>Identități naționale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=43&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Identități naționale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>După 123 de ani, Polonia reapărea ca stat independent. Regatul Serbiei și dinastia lui, ca „mică națiune a Antantei” și țara cu cele mai multe pierderi pe cap de locuitor,<sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a devenit coloana vertebrală a unui nou stat multinațional, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Iugoslaviei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Iugoslaviei">Regatul Sârbilor, Croaților și Slovenilor</a>, care avea mai târziu să devină Iugoslavia. Cehoslovacia, care combina <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Boemiei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatul Boemiei">Regatul Boemiei</a> cu părțile nordice ale Regatului Ungariei, a devenit o nouă țară. România și-a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marea_Unire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marea Unire">unit</a> toți vorbitorii de română într-un singur stat, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_Mare?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="România Mare">România Mare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>În Australia și Noua Zeelandă, bătălia de la Gallipoli a devenit cunoscută ca „botezul de foc” al acestor națiuni. A fost primul război major în care au luptat țările recent înființate, și a fost una din primele ocazii cu care soldații australieni au luptat ca australieni, nu doar ca supuși ai <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Coroana_Britanic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Coroana Britanică — pagină inexistentă">Coroanei Britanice</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21941952" class="extiw" title="d:Q21941952"><span title="Coroana Britanică la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, și astfel au prins rădăcini identitățile lor naționale. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Anzac_Day&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Anzac Day — pagină inexistentă">Ziua Anzac</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295859" class="extiw" title="d:Q295859"><span title="Anzac Day la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, care comemorează Corpul de Armată Australian și Neo-Zeelandez (ANZAC), celebrează acest moment definitoriu.<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-awmtradition_263-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-awmtradition-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>După Primul Război Mondial, Grecia <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_greco-turc_(1919-1922)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Războiul greco-turc (1919-1922)">a luptat</a> împotriva naționaliștilor turci în frunte cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal</a>, într-un război care s-a soldat în cele din urmă cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schimburile_de_popula%C8%9Bie_dintre_Grecia_%C8%99i_Turcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schimburile de populație dintre Grecia și Turcia">un masiv schimb de populație între cele două țări</a> în virtutea tratatului de la Lausanne.<sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conform diferitelor surse,<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> câteva sute de mii de greci au murit în această perioadă, care a fost pusă în legătură cu genocidul grecilor.<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Victimele">Victimele</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=44&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Victimele" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Transporting_Ottoman_injured_at_Sirkedji.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Transporting_Ottoman_injured_at_Sirkedji.jpg/220px-Transporting_Ottoman_injured_at_Sirkedji.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="623"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Transporting_Ottoman_injured_at_Sirkedji.jpg/220px-Transporting_Ottoman_injured_at_Sirkedji.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Transporting_Ottoman_injured_at_Sirkedji.jpg/330px-Transporting_Ottoman_injured_at_Sirkedji.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Transporting_Ottoman_injured_at_Sirkedji.jpg/440px-Transporting_Ottoman_injured_at_Sirkedji.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Transportul răniților otomani la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sirkeci&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sirkeci — pagină inexistentă">Sirkeci</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935953" class="extiw" title="d:Q935953"><span title="Sirkeci la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Din cei 60 de milioane de militari europeni mobilizați între 1914 și 1918, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pierderile_de_vie%C8%9Bi_omene%C8%99ti_%C3%AEn_urma_Primului_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pierderile de vieți omenești în urma Primului Război Mondial — pagină inexistentă">au fost uciși circa 8 milioane</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378456" class="extiw" title="d:Q1378456"><span title="pierderile de vieți omenești în urma Primului Război Mondial la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, 7 milioane au rămas cu handicap permanent, și 15&nbsp;milioane au fost grav răniți. Germania și-a pierdut 15,1% din populația masculină activă, Austro-Ungaria 17,1%, iar Franța 10,5%.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitchen200022_267-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKitchen200022-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Franța a mobilizat 7,8&nbsp;milioane de oameni, din care 1,4&nbsp;milioane au murit și 3,2&nbsp;milioane au fost răniți.<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aproximativ 15.000 au suferit răni faciale care i-au desfigurat, cauzându-le stigmatizare socială și marginalizare; ei au fost numiți <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gueules_cass%C3%A9es&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gueules cassées — pagină inexistentă">Gueules cassées</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3119250" class="extiw" title="d:Q3119250"><span title="Gueules cassées la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i>. În Germania, în rândul civililor s-au înregistrat cu 474.000 mai multe decese ca pe timp de pace, în mare parte din cauza lipsei de hrană și malnutriției care a slăbit rezistența la boli. Aceste decese în exces sunt estimate la 271.000 în 1918, plus alte 71.000 în prima jumătate a lui 1919 când blocada era încă în funcțiune.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1993166_269-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward1993166-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foametea a omorât aproximativ 100.000 de oameni în Liban.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaadi2009_270-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaadi2009-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Emergency_hospital_during_Influenza_epidemic,_Camp_Funston,_Kansas_-_NCP_1603.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Emergency_hospital_during_Influenza_epidemic%2C_Camp_Funston%2C_Kansas_-_NCP_1603.jpg/220px-Emergency_hospital_during_Influenza_epidemic%2C_Camp_Funston%2C_Kansas_-_NCP_1603.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4802" data-file-height="3597"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Emergency_hospital_during_Influenza_epidemic%2C_Camp_Funston%2C_Kansas_-_NCP_1603.jpg/220px-Emergency_hospital_during_Influenza_epidemic%2C_Camp_Funston%2C_Kansas_-_NCP_1603.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Emergency_hospital_during_Influenza_epidemic%2C_Camp_Funston%2C_Kansas_-_NCP_1603.jpg/330px-Emergency_hospital_during_Influenza_epidemic%2C_Camp_Funston%2C_Kansas_-_NCP_1603.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Emergency_hospital_during_Influenza_epidemic%2C_Camp_Funston%2C_Kansas_-_NCP_1603.jpg/440px-Emergency_hospital_during_Influenza_epidemic%2C_Camp_Funston%2C_Kansas_-_NCP_1603.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Spital militar de urgență în timpul pandemiei de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grip%C4%83_spaniol%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gripă spaniolă">gripă spaniolă</a> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Camp_Funston&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Camp Funston — pagină inexistentă">Camp Funston</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029832" class="extiw" title="d:Q1029832"><span title="Camp Funston la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kansas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, 1918 </figcaption> </figure> <p>În condițiile haotice de război, bolile au înflorit. Doar în 1914, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tifos_exantematic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tifos exantematic">tifosul epidemic</a> purtat de păduchi a omorât 200.000 de oameni în Serbia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETschanz_271-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETschanz-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De la începutul lui 1918, o epidemie majoră de gripă, numită <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grip%C4%83_spaniol%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gripă spaniolă">gripa spaniolă</a>, s-a răspândit în toată limea, accelerată de mișcarea unui număr mare de soldați, adesea înghesuiți împreună în tabere militare și pe nave de transport cu facilități sanitare deficitare. Gripa spaniolă a omorât între 17&nbsp;milioane și 25&nbsp;de milioane de oameni,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpreeuwenberg20182561–2567_6-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpreeuwenberg20182561%E2%80%932567-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnoblerMackMahmoudLemon2005_272-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoblerMackMahmoudLemon2005-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inclusiv circa 2,64&nbsp;milioane de europeni și 675.000 de americani.<sup id="cite_ref-Ansart_et_al._2009_273-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ansart_et_al._2009-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Între 1915 și 1926, o epidemie de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encefalita_letargic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encefalita letargică">encefalită letargică</a> s-a răspândit în toată lumea, afectând aproape cinci milioane de oameni.<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reid_2001_275-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Reid_2001-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Au murit 8 milioane de animale de povară, între care <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cal">cai</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%83gar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Măgar">măgari</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A2r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catâr">catâri</a>, dintre care trei sferturi din cauza condițiilor extreme în care au muncit.<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Crime_de_război"><span id="Crime_de_r.C4.83zboi"></span>Crime de război</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=45&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Crime de război" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Armele_chimice_în_război"><span id="Armele_chimice_.C3.AEn_r.C4.83zboi"></span>Armele chimice în război</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=46&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Armele chimice în război" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:French_soldiers_making_a_gas_and_flame_attack_on_German_trenches_in_Flanders._Belgium.,_ca._1900_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530722.tif?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/French_soldiers_making_a_gas_and_flame_attack_on_German_trenches_in_Flanders._Belgium.%2C_ca._1900_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530722.tif/lossy-page1-220px-French_soldiers_making_a_gas_and_flame_attack_on_German_trenches_in_Flanders._Belgium.%2C_ca._1900_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530722.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2577"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 189px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/French_soldiers_making_a_gas_and_flame_attack_on_German_trenches_in_Flanders._Belgium.%2C_ca._1900_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530722.tif/lossy-page1-220px-French_soldiers_making_a_gas_and_flame_attack_on_German_trenches_in_Flanders._Belgium.%2C_ca._1900_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530722.tif.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="189" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/French_soldiers_making_a_gas_and_flame_attack_on_German_trenches_in_Flanders._Belgium.%2C_ca._1900_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530722.tif/lossy-page1-330px-French_soldiers_making_a_gas_and_flame_attack_on_German_trenches_in_Flanders._Belgium.%2C_ca._1900_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530722.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/French_soldiers_making_a_gas_and_flame_attack_on_German_trenches_in_Flanders._Belgium.%2C_ca._1900_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530722.tif/lossy-page1-440px-French_soldiers_making_a_gas_and_flame_attack_on_German_trenches_in_Flanders._Belgium.%2C_ca._1900_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530722.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Soldați francezi lansând un atac cu gaze și foc împotriva tranșeelor germane în Flandra </figcaption> </figure> <p>Armata germană a fost prima care a desfășurat cu succes arme chimice în a doua bătălie de la Ypres (<time datetime="1915-04-22">22 aprilie</time> – <time datetime="1915-05-25">25 mai 1915</time>), după ce oamenii de știință germani ce lucrau sub îndrumarea lui <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fritz_Haber?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft">Institutul Kaiser Wilhelm</a> au dezvoltat o metodă de a folosi <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clor">clorul</a> ca armă.<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AJPH_279-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AJPH-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Utilizarea armelor chimice fusese aprobată de Înaltul Comandament German pentru a obliga soldații aliați să iasă din tranșee, completând, nu doar înlocuind, armele convenționale mai letale.<sup id="cite_ref-AJPH_279-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AJPH-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cu timpul, toți marii beligeranți au folosit arme chimice, producând circa 1,3&nbsp;milioane de victime, dintre care 90.000 au murit.<sup id="cite_ref-AJPH_279-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AJPH-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De exemplu, se estimează 186.000 de britanici afectați de armele chimice în timpul războiului (dintre care 80% ca urmare a expunerii la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iperit%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iperită">iperitei</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vezicante&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vezicante — pagină inexistentă">vezicante</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q662959" class="extiw" title="d:Q662959"><span title="vezicante la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, introdusă pe câmpurile de luptă de germani în iulie 1917),<sup id="cite_ref-AJPH_279-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AJPH-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și până la o treime din victimele americane au fost afectate de ele. Armata Rusă a pierdut circa 500.000 de persoane din cauza armelor chimice în Primul Război Mondial.<sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Utilizarea armelor chimice în război a fost o încălcare directă a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conven%C8%9Biile_de_la_Haga_din_1899_%C8%99i_1907?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Convențiile de la Haga din 1899 și 1907">Declarației de la Haga din 1899 privind gazele asfixiante</a> și a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conven%C8%9Biile_de_la_Haga_din_1899_%C8%99i_1907?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Convențiile de la Haga din 1899 și 1907">Convenției de la Haga din 1907 privind războiul pe uscat</a>, care interzicea utilizarea lor.<sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Genocidele_comise_de_Imperiul_Otoman">Genocidele comise de Imperiul Otoman</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=47&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Genocidele comise de Imperiul Otoman" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articole principale: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genocidul_Armean?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocidul Armean">Genocidul Armean</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sayfo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sayfo — pagină inexistentă">Sayfo</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genocidul_grecilor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genocidul grecilor">Genocidul grecilor</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg/220px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3999" data-file-height="2731"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg/220px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg/330px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg/440px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Armeni omorâți în timpul Genocidului Armean. Fotografie din <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">Ambassador Morgenthau's Story</span>, scrisă de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Morgenthau_Sr.?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry Morgenthau Sr.">Henry Morgenthau Sr.</a> și publicată în 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Purificare_etnic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Purificare etnică">Purificarea etnică</a> a populației armene din Imperiul Otoman, inclusiv execuții și deportări în masă, în ultimii ani de existență a Imperiului Otoman este considerată <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genocid?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genocid">genocid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IAGSletter_284-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IAGSletter-284"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Otomanii au efectuat masacre organizate și sistematice împotriva populației armenești la începutul războiului și au manipulat faptele de rezistență ale armenilor, prezentându-le ca rebeliuni prin care să justifice alte exterminări.<sup id="cite_ref-leverkun_285-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-leverkun-285"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La începutul lui 1915, mai mulți armeni s-au oferit voluntari să se alăture forțelor ruse, iar guvernul otoman s-a folosit de acest pretext pentru a emite <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Legea_Tehcir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Legea Tehcir — pagină inexistentă">Legea Tehcir</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3849522" class="extiw" title="d:Q3849522"><span title="legea Tehcir la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> (Legea de Deportare), care autoriza deportarea armenilor din provinciile estice ale Imperiului în Siria între 1915 și 1918. Armenii au fost puși să <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mar%C8%99_al_mor%C8%9Bii&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Marș al morții — pagină inexistentă">meargă până mor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326259" class="extiw" title="d:Q326259"><span title="marș al morții la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și mulți au fost atacați de bandiți otomani.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson2006177_286-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson2006177-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numărul exact de morți nu este cunoscut, dar <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=International_Association_of_Genocide_Scholars&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="International Association of Genocide Scholars — pagină inexistentă">Asociația Internațională a Cercetătorilor Genocidelor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166618" class="extiw" title="d:Q166618"><span title="International Association of Genocide Scholars la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> estimează 1,5&nbsp;milioane.<sup id="cite_ref-IAGSletter_284-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IAGSletter-284"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-287"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guvernul Turciei continuă să nege genocidul și astăzi, susținând că cei care au murit au fost victime ale luptelor interetnice, foametei sau bolilor din timpul Primului Război Mondial; aceste afirmații sunt respinse de cei mai mulți istorici.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFromkin1989212–215_288-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFromkin1989212%E2%80%93215-288"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Imperiul Otoman a atacat în acea perioadă într-o manieră similară și alte grupuri etnice, inclusiv asirienii și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genocidul_grecilor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genocidul grecilor">grecii</a>, unii specialiști considerând aceste evenimente parte a aceleiași politici de exterminare.<sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-289"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-290" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-290"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-291"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cel puțin 250.000 de asirieni creștini, circa jumătate din populație, și 350.000–750.000 de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greci_anatolieni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Greci anatolieni — pagină inexistentă">greci anatolieni</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5602105" class="extiw" title="d:Q5602105"><span title="greci anatolieni la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greci_pontici?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greci pontici">pontici</a> au fost omorâți între 1915 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-292"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Prizonierii_de_război"><span id="Prizonierii_de_r.C4.83zboi"></span>Prizonierii de război</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=48&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Prizonierii de război" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg/220px-1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="674"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 155px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg/220px-1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg/330px-1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg/440px-1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Prizonieri britanici păziți de forțele otomane după <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prima_b%C4%83t%C4%83lie_de_la_Gaza&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prima bătălie de la Gaza — pagină inexistentă">prima bătălie de la Gaza</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2791318" class="extiw" title="d:Q2791318"><span title="prima bătălie de la Gaza la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> din 1917 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Circa opt milioane e soldați s-au predat inamicului și au fost ținuți în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lag%C4%83r_de_prizonieri_de_r%C4%83zboi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lagăr de prizonieri de război">lagăre de prizonieri</a> pe parcursul războiului. Toate țările participante se angajaseră să respecte <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conven%C8%9Biile_de_la_Haga_din_1899_%C8%99i_1907?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Convențiile de la Haga din 1899 și 1907">Convențiile de la Haga</a> privind tratamentul corect al <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prizonier_de_r%C4%83zboi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prizonier de război">prizonierilor de război</a>, iar rata de supraviețuire a prizonierilor de război era de obicei mult mai mare decât a combatanților de pe front.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillimoreBellot19194–64_293-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillimoreBellot19194%E2%80%9364-293"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>25–31% din pierderile rușilor (ca proporție din totalul celor capturați, răniți sau morți) au constituit-o prizonierii; pentru Austro-Ungaria 32%; pentru Italia 26%; pentru Franța 12%; pentru Germania 9%; pentru Regatul Unit 7%. Prizonierii din armatele aliate au totalizat circa 1,4&nbsp;milioane de oameni (excluzând Rusia, care singură a pierdut 2,5–3,5&nbsp;milioane de soldați ca prizonieri). De la Puterile Centrale, circa 3,3&nbsp;milioane de soldați au devenit prizonieri; cei mai mulți s-au predat rușilor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1999368–369_294-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1999368%E2%80%93369-294"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Experiențele_soldaților"><span id="Experien.C8.9Bele_solda.C8.9Bilor"></span>Experiențele soldaților</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=49&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Experiențele soldaților" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>Personalul militar al Antantei s-a ridicat la circa 42.928.000 de oameni, iar al Puterilor Centrale la 25.248.000.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_2005_273_237-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Tucker_2005_273-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20052733_295-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20052733-295"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soldații britanici din război au fost la început voluntari, dar din ce în ce mai mult s-a practicat serviciul militar obligatoriu. Veteranii supraviețuitori, întorși acasă, au constatat adesea că nu puteau discuta experiențele de război decât între ei, și au format „asociații de veterani” sau „Legiuni”. Câteva relatări personale ale veteranilor americani au fost colecționate de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proiectul_Istoria_Veteranilor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proiectul Istoria Veteranilor — pagină inexistentă">Proiectul Istoria Veteranilor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7923620" class="extiw" title="d:Q7923620"><span title="Proiectul Istoria Veteranilor la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> al Bibliotecii Congresului SUA.<sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-296"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>291<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Serviciul_militar">Serviciul militar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=50&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Serviciul militar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:I_want_you_for_U.S._Army_3b48465u_edit.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/I_want_you_for_U.S._Army_3b48465u_edit.jpg/220px-I_want_you_for_U.S._Army_3b48465u_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="1495"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 299px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/I_want_you_for_U.S._Army_3b48465u_edit.jpg/220px-I_want_you_for_U.S._Army_3b48465u_edit.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="299" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/I_want_you_for_U.S._Army_3b48465u_edit.jpg/330px-I_want_you_for_U.S._Army_3b48465u_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/I_want_you_for_U.S._Army_3b48465u_edit.jpg/440px-I_want_you_for_U.S._Army_3b48465u_edit.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Afiș de recrutare al Armatei SUA cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uncle_Sam?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncle Sam">Unchiul Sam</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Serviciul militar obligatoriu era ceva comun în majoritatea țărilor europene. El era însă ceva controversat în țările anglofone<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHavighurst1985131_297-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHavighurst1985131-297"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>292<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și era deosebit de nepopular în rândul minorităților etnice—în special al irlandezilor catolici,<sup id="cite_ref-298" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-298"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>293<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> în Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-299" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-299"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>294<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-parl_300-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-parl-300"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>295<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și în rândul francezilor catolici din Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-301" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-301"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-302" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-302"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>297<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>În Statele Unite, serviciul obligatoriu a început în 1917 și a fost în general bine primit, cu doar câteva evenimente de opoziție în zonele rurale izolate.<sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-303"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>298<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Administrația a hotărât să se bazeze în principal pe serviciul obligatoriu în locul celui voluntar pentru a crește forța, după ce doar 73.000 de persoane se oferiseră din ținta inițială de 1 milion fixată pentru primele șase săptămâni de război.<sup id="cite_ref-304" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-304"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>299<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Atașații_militari_și_corespondenții_de_război"><span id="Ata.C8.99a.C8.9Bii_militari_.C8.99i_coresponden.C8.9Bii_de_r.C4.83zboi"></span>Atașații militari și corespondenții de război</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=51&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Atașații militari și corespondenții de război" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Au urmărit îndeaproape cursul războiului observatori militari și civili din fiecare mare putere. Relatările în presă despre război au fost afectate de restricțiile asupra mișcării observatorilor <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Necombatan%C8%9Bi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Necombatanți — pagină inexistentă">necombatanți</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465727" class="extiw" title="d:Q465727"><span title="necombatanți la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cenzur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cenzură">cenzura</a> strictă. Evenimentele care susțineau poziția uneia dintre taberele din conflict sunt înțelese care factori instrumentali în conflictul modern, iar publicarea informațiilor despre aceste evenimente a fost unul din marile obiective ale părților în conflict și o importantă activitate a jurnaliștilor.<sup id="cite_ref-kepplinger_305-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-kepplinger-305"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>300<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Efecte_economice">Efecte economice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=52&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Efecte economice" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>Războiul a avut ample consecințe macro- și microeconomice. Familiile au fost bulversate de plecarea multor bărbați. Prin moartea sau absența principalului aducător de venituri, femeile a trebuit să intre în forța de muncă într-un număr fără precedent. În același timp, industria a avut nevoie să înlocuiască angajații pierduți prin trimiterea lor la război. Aceasta a ajutat lupta pentru obținerea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sufraget%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sufragetă">dreptului la vot pentru femei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-306" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-306"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:The_Girl_Behind_the_Gun_1915.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/The_Girl_Behind_the_Gun_1915.jpg/220px-The_Girl_Behind_the_Gun_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2332" data-file-height="3463"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 327px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/The_Girl_Behind_the_Gun_1915.jpg/220px-The_Girl_Behind_the_Gun_1915.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="327" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/The_Girl_Behind_the_Gun_1915.jpg/330px-The_Girl_Behind_the_Gun_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/The_Girl_Behind_the_Gun_1915.jpg/440px-The_Girl_Behind_the_Gun_1915.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Afiș cu femei muncitoare, 1915 </figcaption> </figure> <p>În toate țările, ponderea în PIB a guvernului a crescut, depășind 50% atât în Germania cât și în Franța și apropiindu-se de acel nivel în Regatul Unit. Pentru a plăti achizițiile făcute din Statele Unite, Regatul Unit și-a încasat amplele investiții în căile ferate americane și apoi a început să se împrumute masiv de pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wall_Street?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>. Președintele Wilson era pe punctul de a opri creditarea spre sfârșitul lui 1916, dar a permis în cele din urmă o mare creștere a creditelor acordate de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guvernul_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guvernul Statelor Unite ale Americii">guvernul american</a> țărilor Antantei. După 1919, SUA au cerut rambursarea acestor credite. Rambursările au fost finanțate parțial de despăgubirile de război plătite de Germania care, la rândul lor, au fost susținute prin credite americane acordate Germaniei. Acest sistem circular s-a prăbușit în 1931 și unele credite nu au mai fost niciodată rambursate. În 1934, Regatul Unit încă datora Statelor Unite 4,4 <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miliard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miliard">miliarde</a> de dolari<sup id="cite_ref-307" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-307"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> din timpul Primului Război Mondial; ultimele rate au fost rambursate în cele din urmă abia în 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-308" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-308"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>302<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Regatul Unit s-a îndreptat spre coloniile sale pentru a obține ajutor constând în materiale esențiale pentru război, pentru care aprovizionarea din sursele tradiționale devenise dificilă. S-a făcut apel la geologi ca <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Albert_Ernest_Kitson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Albert Ernest Kitson — pagină inexistentă">Albert Kitson</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4710154" class="extiw" title="d:Q4710154"><span title="Albert Ernest Kitson la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> să găsească noi resurse de minerale prețioase în coloniile africane. Kitson a descoperit importante noi zăcăminte de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mangan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mangan">mangan</a>, utilizat în producția de muniții, pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coasta_de_Aur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coasta de Aur">Coasta de Aur</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1535868" class="extiw" title="d:Q1535868"><span title="Coasta de Aur la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen1938cxxvi_309-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen1938cxxvi-309"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>303<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Articolul 231 din tratatul de la <span lang="fr">Versailles</span> (așa-numita clauză a „vinovăției pentru război”) afirma că Germania acceptă responsibilitatea pentru „toate pierderile și daunele la care au fost supuse Guvernele Aliate și Asociate și cetățenii lor drept consecință a războiului care le-a fost impus prin agresiunea Germaniei și aliaților ei.”<sup id="cite_ref-310" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-310"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>304<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formularea a fost de așa natură încât a pus o bază legală pentru despăgubiri, și clauze similare au fost inserate în tratatele semnate cu Austria și cu Ungaria. Niciuna dintre ele nu a interpretat-o însă ca o recunoaștere a vinei pentru război.<sup id="cite_ref-311" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-311"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>305<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 1921, suma totală a despăgubirilor a fost estimată la 132&nbsp;miliarde mărci aur. Totuși experții Aliaților știau că Germania nu poate plăti această sumă. Suma totală a fost împărțită în trei categorii, a treia fiind gândită deliberat să fie himerică și având ca funcționalitate principală să inducă opiniei publice impresia că suma totală este menținută.<sup id="cite_ref-Marks237_312-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Marks237-312"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>306<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astfel, 50&nbsp;de miliarde de mărci aur (12,5&nbsp;miliarde de dolari) reprezentau evaluarea efectivă a Aliaților a capacității Germaniei de a plăti și prim urmare reprezentau suma totală a despăgubirilor pe care Germania trebuia să le plătească.<sup id="cite_ref-Marks237_312-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Marks237-312"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>306<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Despăgubirile puteau fi plătite în numerar sau în natură (cărbune, lemn, vopseluri chimice, etc.). În plus, o parte din teritoriul pierdut prin tratatul de la Versailles a fost evaluat ca parte a despăgubirilor ca și alte acțiuni, cum ar fi contribuția la repararea Bibliotecii de la Louvain.<sup id="cite_ref-313" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-313"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>307<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 1929, a venit <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marea_criz%C4%83_economic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marea criză economică">Marea Criză Economică</a>, care a produs haos politic în toată lumea.<sup id="cite_ref-314" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-314"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>308<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 1932 plata despăgubirilor a fost suspendată de comunitatea internațională, moment în care Germania plătise doar echivalentul a 20,598&nbsp;miliarde de mărci aur.<sup id="cite_ref-315" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-315"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>309<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După venirea la putere a lui Adolf Hitler, toate creditele și obligațiunile care au fost luate și, respectiv, emise în anii 1920 și la începutul anilor 1930 au fost anulate. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=David_Andelman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="David Andelman — pagină inexistentă">David Andelman</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5230760" class="extiw" title="d:Q5230760"><span title="David Andelman la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> consemnează că „refuzul de a plăti nu face ca acordul să devină nul și neavenit. Obligațiunile, acordul, încă există.” Astfel, după al Doilea Război Mondial, la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Acord_pe_tema_datoriei_externe_a_Germaniei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Acord pe tema datoriei externe a Germaniei — pagină inexistentă">Conferința de la Londra</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320302" class="extiw" title="d:Q320302"><span title="acord pe tema datoriei externe a Germaniei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> din 1953, Germania a acceptat să reia plățile creditelor asumate. La <time datetime="2010-10-03">3 octombrie 2010</time>, Germania a efectuat ultima plată a acestor obligațiuni.<sup id="cite_ref-320" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-320"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Prim-ministrul australian, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Billy_Hughes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Billy Hughes — pagină inexistentă">Billy Hughes</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152666" class="extiw" title="d:Q152666"><span title="Billy Hughes la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, i-a scris prim-ministrului britanic, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Lloyd_George?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a>: „ne-ați asigurat că nu puteți obține termeni mai buni. Regret foarte mult, și sper chiar și acum că s-ar putea găsi o modalitate nouă de a asigura acordul pentru a cere despăgubiri proporționale cu uriașele sacrificii făcute de Imperiul Britanic și Aliații lui.” Australia a primit 5.571.720 de lire în despăgubiri de război, dar costul direct al războiului pentru Australia fusese de 376.993.052 de lire și, până la jumătatea anilor 1930, cu adăugarea de pensii de repatriere, gratuități pentru veterani, dobânzi la credite etc. ajunseseră la 831.280.947 de lire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouter2000354_321-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESouter2000354-321"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>314<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Din cei circa 416.000 de australieni care au participat la război, circa 60.000 au murit și alți 152.000 au fost răniți.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_2005_273_237-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Tucker_2005_273-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Războiul a contribuit la transformarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ceas_de_m%C3%A2n%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ceas de mână — pagină inexistentă">ceasului de mână</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178794" class="extiw" title="d:Q178794"><span title="ceas de mână la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> dintr-un accesoriu de bijuterie pentru femei într-un obiect de zi cu zi, care a înlocuit <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ceas_de_buzunar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ceas de buzunar">ceasul de buzunar</a>, care necesita o mână liberă pentru a fi citit.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_322-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-npr-322"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>315<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ceas_de_tran%C8%99ee&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ceas de tranșee — pagină inexistentă">Ceasurile de tranșee</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4462168" class="extiw" title="d:Q4462168"><span title="ceas de tranșee la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> erau proiectate pentru a fi folosite de militari ca ceasuri de buzunar, dar nu erau la fel de eficiente în condiții de luptă. Finanțarea militară a progreselor în domeniul radiocomunicațiilor au contribuit la popularitatea acestui mijloc de informare după război.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_322-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-npr-322"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>315<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Pro_și_contra_războiului"><span id="Pro_.C8.99i_contra_r.C4.83zboiului"></span>Pro și contra războiului</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=53&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Pro și contra războiului" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Susținerea"><span id="Sus.C8.9Binerea"></span>Susținerea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=54&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Susținerea" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Affiche-guerre_Femmes-au-travail.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Affiche-guerre_Femmes-au-travail.jpg/170px-Affiche-guerre_Femmes-au-travail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="948"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 257px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Affiche-guerre_Femmes-au-travail.jpg/170px-Affiche-guerre_Femmes-au-travail.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="257" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Affiche-guerre_Femmes-au-travail.jpg/255px-Affiche-guerre_Femmes-au-travail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Affiche-guerre_Femmes-au-travail.jpg/340px-Affiche-guerre_Femmes-au-travail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Afiș care cerea femeilor să se alăture efortului de război britanic, publicat de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Young_Women's_Christian_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Young Women's Christian Association — pagină inexistentă">Young Women's Christian Association</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643370" class="extiw" title="d:Q643370"><span title="Young Women's Christian Association la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>În Balcani, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Iugoslavism&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Iugoslavism — pagină inexistentă">naționaliștii iugoslavi</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639580" class="extiw" title="d:Q1639580"><span title="iugoslavism la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> în frunte cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ante_Trumbi%C4%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ante Trumbić — pagină inexistentă">Ante Trumbić</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571638" class="extiw" title="d:Q571638"><span title="Ante Trumbić la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, au susținut cu tărie războiul, din dorința de a elibera <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iugoslavi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iugoslavi">iugoslavii</a> de Austro-Ungaria și de alte puteri străine, și de a crea o Iugoslavie independentă și unită. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Comitetul_Iugoslav&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Comitetul Iugoslav — pagină inexistentă">Comitetul Iugoslav</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2090933" class="extiw" title="d:Q2090933"><span title="Comitetul Iugoslav la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, condus de Trumbić, a fost înființat la Paris la <time datetime="1915-04-30">30 aprilie 1915</time> dar și-a mutat rapid sediul la Londra.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20051189_323-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20051189-323"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În aprilie 1918, s-a întrunit la Roma Congresul Naționalităților Oprimate, care a inclus reprezentanți <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cehoslovacism&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cehoslovacism — pagină inexistentă">cehoslovaci</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1618074" class="extiw" title="d:Q1618074"><span title="cehoslovacism la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, italieni, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polonezi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polonezi">polonezi</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transylvania?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Transylvania">ardeleni</a> și iugoslavi care au cerut Aliaților să susțină <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autodeterminare?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autodeterminare">autodeterminarea</a> națională pentru popoarele din Austro-Ungaria.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_324-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated3-324"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>În Orientul Mijlociu, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Na%C8%9Bionalism_arab?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naționalism arab">naționalismul arab</a> s-a răspândit în teritoriile otomane ca răspuns față de naționalismul turc din timpul războiului, liderii naționaliști arabi cerând crearea uni stat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Na%C8%9Bionalismul_Islamic_Pan-Arab?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naționalismul Islamic Pan-Arab">panarab</a>. În 1916, a izbucnit Revolta Arabă în teritoriile controlate de otomani din Orientul Mijlociu, cerând independența.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005117_325-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005117-325"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>318<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>În Africa de Est, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Iyasu_V&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Iyasu V — pagină inexistentă">Iyasu V</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379889" class="extiw" title="d:Q379889"><span title="Iyasu V la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> al <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperiul_Etiopian?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperiul Etiopian">Etiopiei</a> susținea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Statul_Dervi%C8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Statul Derviș — pagină inexistentă">statul Derviș</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65437776" class="extiw" title="d:Q65437776"><span title="statul Derviș la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> care era în război cu britanicii în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Campania_din_Somaliland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Campania din Somaliland — pagină inexistentă">Campania din Somaliland</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1402902" class="extiw" title="d:Q1402902"><span title="Campania din Somaliland la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-326" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-326"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>319<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Von Syburg, trimisul german la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Addis_Ababa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, a spus: „a venit clipa ca Etiopia să redobândească coasta de la Marea Roșie trimițându-i pe italieni acasă, să readucă Imperiul la străvechea sa întindere.” Imperiul Etiopian a fost pe punctul de a intra în Primul Război Mondial de partea Puterilor Centrale înainte ca Iyasu să fie răsturnat după <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Segale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Segale — pagină inexistentă">bătălia de la Segale</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4872346" class="extiw" title="d:Q4872346"><span title="bătălia de la Segale la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> din cauza presiunii Antantei asupra aristocrației etiopiene.<sup id="cite_ref-327" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-327"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>320<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iyasu a fost acuzat de convertire la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-328" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-328"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>321<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conform istoricului etiopian <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahru_Zewde&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahru Zewde — pagină inexistentă">Bahru Zewde</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2879326" class="extiw" title="d:Q2879326"><span title="Bahru Zewde la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, dovada folosită pentru a demonstra convertirea lui Iyasu a fost o fotografie falsificată furnizată de Aliați, înfățișându-l pe Iyasu purtând un turban.<sup id="cite_ref-329" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-329"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>322<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unii istorici susțin că fotografia a fost falsificată de spionul britanic <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T._E._Lawrence?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="T. E. Lawrence">T. E. Lawrence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-330" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-330"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>323<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:BVRC-Great-War-Contingent_1914.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/BVRC-Great-War-Contingent_1914.jpg/220px-BVRC-Great-War-Contingent_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3866" data-file-height="2693"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/BVRC-Great-War-Contingent_1914.jpg/220px-BVRC-Great-War-Contingent_1914.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/BVRC-Great-War-Contingent_1914.jpg/330px-BVRC-Great-War-Contingent_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/BVRC-Great-War-Contingent_1914.jpg/440px-BVRC-Great-War-Contingent_1914.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Primul contingent al <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bermuda_Volunteer_Rifle_Corps&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps — pagină inexistentă">Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4892667" class="extiw" title="d:Q4892667"><span title="Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, în iarna 1914–1915, înainte de a se alătura <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Regimentului_1_Lincolnshire&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Regimentului 1 Lincolnshire — pagină inexistentă">Regimentului 1 Lincolnshire</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7374399" class="extiw" title="d:Q7374399"><span title="Regimentului 1 Lincolnshire la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> în Franța în iunie 1915. Cei doisprezece rămași după <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Guedecourt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Guedecourt — pagină inexistentă">Guedecourt</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18124414" class="extiw" title="d:Q18124414"><span title="Guedecourt la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> la <time datetime="1916-09-25">25 septembrie 1916</time>, au fost comasați cu un al Doilea Contingent. Cele două contingente au pierdut 75% din efective. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Mai multe partide socialiste au susținut războiul la începutul lui în august 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_324-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated3-324"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dar socialiștii europeni s-au divizat pe linii naționale, conceptul de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lupt%C4%83_de_clas%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luptă de clasă">luptă de clasă</a> care era drag socialiștilor radicali, cum ar fi marxiștii și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sindicalism_revolu%C8%9Bionar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sindicalism revoluționar — pagină inexistentă">sindicaliștii</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2353993" class="extiw" title="d:Q2353993"><span title="sindicalism revoluționar la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> fiind pentru ei subsumat sprijinului patriotic pentru război.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20051069_331-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20051069-331"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>324<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Odată izbucnit războiul, socialiștii austrieci, britanici, francezi, germani și ruși urmând curentul naționalist în creștere, susținând intervenția țării lor în război.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005884_332-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005884-332"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>325<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Na%C8%9Bionalismul_italian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Naționalismul italian — pagină inexistentă">Naționalismul italian</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6093359" class="extiw" title="d:Q6093359"><span title="Naționalismul italian la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a fost ațâțat de izbucnirea războiului și a fost la început puternic susținut de o varietate de facțiuni politice. Unul domtre cei mai de seamă susținători ai războiului dintre naționaliștii italieni a fost <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriele D'Annunzio">Gabriele D'Annunzio</a>, care promova <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Iredentismul_italian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Iredentismul italian — pagină inexistentă">iredentismul italian</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299884" class="extiw" title="d:Q2299884"><span title="iredentismul italian la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și a contribuit mult la obținerea sprijinului publicului italian pentru intervenția în război.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005335_333-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005335-333"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>326<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Liberal_Italian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Partidul Liberal Italian — pagină inexistentă">Partidul Liberal Italian</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508733" class="extiw" title="d:Q508733"><span title="Partidul Liberal Italian la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, condus de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paolo_Boselli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paolo Boselli">Paolo Boselli</a>, a promovat intervenția în război de partea Aliaților și a folosit Societatea Dante Alighieri pentru a promova naționalismul italian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005219_334-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005219-334"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>327<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Socialiștii italieni au fost împărțiți între sprijinul și opoziția față de război; unii erau susținători militanți ai războiului, inclusiv <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benito_Mussolini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Leonida_Bissolati&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Leonida Bissolati — pagină inexistentă">Leonida Bissolati</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1726211" class="extiw" title="d:Q1726211"><span title="Leonida Bissolati la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005209_335-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005209-335"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>328<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Socialist_Italian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Partidul Socialist Italian — pagină inexistentă">Partidul Socialist Italian</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q590750" class="extiw" title="d:Q590750"><span title="Partidul Socialist Italian la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a hotărât în schimb să se opună războiului după uciderea unor protestatari antimilitariști, eveniment soldat cu o <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Grev%C4%83_general%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Grevă generală — pagină inexistentă">grevă generală</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49775" class="extiw" title="d:Q49775"><span title="grevă generală la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> denumită <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C4%83pt%C4%83m%C3%A2na_Ro%C8%99ie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Săptămâna Roșie">Săptămâna Roșie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_336-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated6-336"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>329<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Partidul Socialist Italian s-a epurat de naționaliștii pro-război, inclusiv Mussolini.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_336-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated6-336"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>329<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mussolini, sindicalist care susținea războiul în baza revendicărilor iredentiste față de regiunile italofone din Austro-Ungaria, a format gruparea pro-intervenționistă <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Il_Popolo_d%27Italia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Il Popolo d'Italia">Il Popolo d'Italia</a></i> și <span lang="it" style="font-style:italic">Fasci Rivoluzionario d'Azione Internazionalista</span> („<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fasciile&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fasciile — pagină inexistentă">Fasciile</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660946" class="extiw" title="d:Q2660946"><span title="Fasciile la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> Revoluționare de Acțiune Internațională”) în octombrie 1914, care s-au dezvoltat ulterior în <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fasci_Italiani_di_Combattimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fasci Italiani di Combattimento">Fasci Italiani di Combattimento</a></i> în 1919, și au stat la originea fascismului.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005826_337-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005826-337"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>330<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naționalismul lui Mussolini i-a permis să strângă fonduri de la firma de armament <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ansaldo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ansaldo — pagină inexistentă">Ansaldo</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290188" class="extiw" title="d:Q290188"><span title="Ansaldo la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și de la alte companii pentru a înființa <span lang="it" style="font-style:italic">Il Popolo d'Italia</span> cu scopul de a convinge socialiști și revoluționari să susțină războiul.<sup id="cite_ref-338" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-338"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>331<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Fondurile_patriotice">Fondurile patriotice</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=55&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Fondurile patriotice" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>De ambele părți, au existat campanii pe scară largă de strângere de fonduri în beneficiul soldaților, dependenților lor și celor răniți. În Germania, un astfel de exemplu a fost organizația <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nagelm%C3%A4nner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nagelmänner — pagină inexistentă"><i>Nagelmänner</i></a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2554632" class="extiw" title="d:Q2554632"><span title="Nagelmänner la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> („Oamenii Cuielor”). În Imperiul Britanic, s-au strâns mai multe fonduri patriotice, inclusiv <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Royal_Patriotic_Fund_Corporation&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Royal Patriotic Fund Corporation — pagină inexistentă">Royal Patriotic Fund Corporation</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7374702" class="extiw" title="d:Q7374702"><span title="Royal Patriotic Fund Corporation la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Patriotic_Fund&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Canadian Patriotic Fund — pagină inexistentă">Canadian Patriotic Fund</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3075893" class="extiw" title="d:Q3075893"><span title="Canadian Patriotic Fund la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Queensland_Patriotic_Fund&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Queensland Patriotic Fund — pagină inexistentă">Queensland Patriotic Fund</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24191040" class="extiw" title="d:Q24191040"><span title="Queensland Patriotic Fund la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. În Noua Zeelandă, în 1919 existau 983 de astfel de mici fonduri New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-339" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-339"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>332<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La începutul următorului război mondial, fondurile neozeelandeze au fost reformate, după ce au fost criticate pentru că se suprapuneau, iroseau banii și erau expuse abuzurilor,<sup id="cite_ref-340" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-340"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>333<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dar în 2002 încă mai funcționau 11 dintre ele.<sup id="cite_ref-341" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-341"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>334<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Opoziția"><span id="Opozi.C8.9Bia"></span>Opoziția</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=56&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Opoziția" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>În multe țări, cei care vorbeau împotriva războiului erau încarcerați. Printre aceștia, s-au numărat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Debs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Eugene Debs — pagină inexistentă">Eugene Debs</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334993" class="extiw" title="d:Q334993"><span title="Eugene Debs la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> în Statele Unite și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bertrand_Russell?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> în Regatul Unit. În SUA, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Legea_Spionajului_din_1917&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Legea Spionajului din 1917 — pagină inexistentă">Legea Spionajului din 1917</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118913" class="extiw" title="d:Q4118913"><span title="Legea Spionajului din 1917 la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sedition_Act_din_1918&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sedition Act din 1918 — pagină inexistentă">Sedition Act din 1918</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445331" class="extiw" title="d:Q7445331"><span title="Sedition Act din 1918 la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> au incriminat la nivel federal opoziția față de recrutarea militară sau declarațiile „necredincioase”. Publicațiile care criticau guvernul erau oprite din circulație de cenzorii poștali,<sup id="cite_ref-Karp-PoW-1979_342-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Karp-PoW-1979-342"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>335<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și mulți oameni au fost condamnați la pedepse lungi pentru a afirma fapte clare, care erau considerate „nepatriotice”.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Sackville_Street_(Dublin)_after_the_1916_Easter_Rising.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sackville_Street_%28Dublin%29_after_the_1916_Easter_Rising.JPG/220px-Sackville_Street_%28Dublin%29_after_the_1916_Easter_Rising.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2855" data-file-height="1841"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sackville_Street_%28Dublin%29_after_the_1916_Easter_Rising.JPG/220px-Sackville_Street_%28Dublin%29_after_the_1916_Easter_Rising.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sackville_Street_%28Dublin%29_after_the_1916_Easter_Rising.JPG/330px-Sackville_Street_%28Dublin%29_after_the_1916_Easter_Rising.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sackville_Street_%28Dublin%29_after_the_1916_Easter_Rising.JPG/440px-Sackville_Street_%28Dublin%29_after_the_1916_Easter_Rising.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Strada Sackville (astăzi <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Strada_O'Connell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Strada O'Connell — pagină inexistentă">Strada O'Connell</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190487" class="extiw" title="d:Q1190487"><span title="Strada O'Connell la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>) după <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rebeliunea_de_Pa%C8%99ti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rebeliunea de Paști">Răscoala de Paști</a> din Dublin din 1916 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Mai mulți naționaliști s-au opus intervenției, în special în statele față de care naționaliștii erau ostili. Deși vasta majoritate a irlandezilor au acceptat să participe la război în 1914 și 1915, o minoritate de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Na%C8%9Bionalismul_irlandez&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Naționalismul irlandez — pagină inexistentă">naționaliști irlandezi</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021987" class="extiw" title="d:Q2021987"><span title="naționalismul irlandez la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> s-au opus cu încăpățânare participării.<sup id="cite_ref-343" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-343"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>336<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Războiul a izbucnit în toiul Crizei Autonomiei care se acutizase din 1912, iar în iulie 1914 exista o posibilitate serioasă de izbucnire a unui război civil în Irlanda. Naționaliștii și marxiștii irlandezi au încercat să lupte pentru independența Irlandei, culminând cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rebeliunea_de_Pa%C8%99ti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rebeliunea de Paști">Răscoala de Paști</a> din 1916, context în care Germania a trimis 20.000 de puști în Irlanda pentru a stârni agitația din Regatul Unit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005584_344-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005584-344"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>337<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guvernul britanic a pus Irlanda sub <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lege_mar%C8%9Bial%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lege marțială">lege marțială</a> ca răspuns la Răscoala de Paști, deși odată trecută amenințarea imediată a revoluției, autoritățile au încercat să facă concesii naționaliștilor.<sup id="cite_ref-345" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-345"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>338<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opoziția față de implicarea în război a crescut însă în Irlanda, având ca rezultat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Criza_recrut%C4%83rii_din_1918&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Criza recrutării din 1918 — pagină inexistentă">Criza Recrutării din 1918</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5162757" class="extiw" title="d:Q5162757"><span title="criza recrutării din 1918 la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.</p> <p>Opoziție a venit și din partea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obiector_de_con%C8%99tiin%C8%9B%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obiector de conștiință">obiectorilor de conștiință</a>—unii socialiști, unii religioși—care refuzaseră să lupte. În Regatul Unit, 16.000 de oameni au cerut să primească acest statut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehmannvan_der_Veer199962_346-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehmannvan_der_Veer199962-346"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>339<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unii dintre ei, cel mai notabil fiind cunoscutul activist pacifist <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Hobhouse&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Stephen Hobhouse — pagină inexistentă">Stephen Hobhouse</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7609463" class="extiw" title="d:Q7609463"><span title="Stephen Hobhouse la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, a refuzat și armata, dar și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Serviciul_alternativ&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Serviciul alternativ — pagină inexistentă">serviciul alternativ</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702635" class="extiw" title="d:Q702635"><span title="serviciul alternativ la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-347" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-347"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>340<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mulți au suferit ani de închisoare, inclusiv <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Encarcerare_%C3%AEn_izolare&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Încarcerare în izolare — pagină inexistentă">încarcerați în izolare</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132627" class="extiw" title="d:Q132627"><span title="încarcerare în izolare la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și cu regimuri pe bază de apă și pâine. Chiar și după război, în Regatul Unit, multe anunțuri de angajare erau marcate cu „obiectorii de conștiință să nu aplice”.<sup id="cite_ref-348" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-348"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>341<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La <time datetime="1917-05-01">1</time>–<time datetime="1917-05-04">4 mai 1917</time>, circa 100.000 de muncitori și soldați din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Petersburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Petersburg">Petrograd</a>, și după ei, muncitorii și soldații din alte orașe rusești, în frunte cu bolșevicii, au demonstrat sub lozincile „Jos războiul!” și „toată puterea la Soviete!”. Demonstrațiile de masă au produs o criză a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guvernul_Provizoriu_Rus,_1917?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guvernul Provizoriu Rus, 1917">Guvernului Provizoriu Rus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-349" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-349"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>342<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan">Milano</a>, în mai 1917, revoluționari bolșevici au organizat și au participat la răzmerițe, cerând sfârșitul războiului, și au reușit să închidă fabrici și să oprească transportul public.<sup id="cite_ref-Seton_6_350-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Seton_6-350"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>343<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Armata italiană a fost obligată să intre în Milano cu tancuri și mitraliere pentru a se opune bolșevicilor și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anarhism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anarhism">anarhiștilor</a>, care au luptat violent până la <time datetime="1917-05-23">23 mai</time> când armata a câștigat controlul asupra orașului. Aproape 50 de persoane (inclusiv trei soldați italieni) au murit și alți 800 au fost arestați.<sup id="cite_ref-Seton_6_350-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Seton_6-350"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>343<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Tehnologie">Tehnologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=57&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Tehnologie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tehnologia_%C3%AEn_Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tehnologia în Primul Război Mondial">Tehnologia în Primul Război Mondial</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Sopwith_F-1_Camel.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sopwith_F-1_Camel.jpg/220px-Sopwith_F-1_Camel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="303"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sopwith_F-1_Camel.jpg/220px-Sopwith_F-1_Camel.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sopwith_F-1_Camel.jpg/330px-Sopwith_F-1_Camel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sopwith_F-1_Camel.jpg/440px-Sopwith_F-1_Camel.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sopwith_Camel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sopwith Camel">Sopwith Camel</a> al <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Air_Force?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>. În aprilie 1917, speranța de viață medie a unui pilot britanic pe Frontul de Vest era de 93 de ore de zbor.<sup id="cite_ref-351" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-351"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>344<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Primul Război Mondial a început ca un amestec de tehnologie a secolului al XX-lea cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tactic%C4%83_militar%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tactică militară">tactică militară</a> de secolul al XIX-lea, combinație care a dus la un număr foarte mare de victime. La sfârșitul lui 1917, marile armate, acum în număr de ordinul milioanelor de oameni, se modernizaseră însă și începuseră să folosească telefonul, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wireless?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless">comunicațiile fără fir</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartcup1988154_352-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartcup1988154-352"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>345<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autoblindat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autoblindat">mașinile blindate</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tanc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tanc">tancurile</a> (mai ales după apariția prototipului <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Little_Willie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Little Willie — pagină inexistentă">Little Willie</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q943358" class="extiw" title="d:Q943358"><span title="Little Willie la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>), și aparatele de zbor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartcup198882–86_353-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartcup198882%E2%80%9386-353"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>346<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Marcel_Louis_Courmes_en_fourrure_1915.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marcel_Louis_Courmes_en_fourrure_1915.jpg/220px-Marcel_Louis_Courmes_en_fourrure_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="619"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 197px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marcel_Louis_Courmes_en_fourrure_1915.jpg/220px-Marcel_Louis_Courmes_en_fourrure_1915.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="197" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marcel_Louis_Courmes_en_fourrure_1915.jpg/330px-Marcel_Louis_Courmes_en_fourrure_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marcel_Louis_Courmes_en_fourrure_1915.jpg/440px-Marcel_Louis_Courmes_en_fourrure_1915.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=C%C4%83pitanul_Marcel_Courmes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Căpitanul Marcel Courmes — pagină inexistentă">Căpitanul Marcel Courmes</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3288829" class="extiw" title="d:Q3288829"><span title="Căpitanul Marcel Courmes la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, pilot francez din Escadrila 2 Bombardment, Grupul GB 2, august 1915 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Artileria a trecut și ea printr-o revoluție. În 1914, tunurile se puneau în linia din față și trăgeau direct în țintele lor. În 1917, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tir_indirect&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tir indirect — pagină inexistentă">tirul indirect</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097656" class="extiw" title="d:Q1097656"><span title="tir indirect la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> cu tunurile (precum și cu mortierele și chiar mitralierele) era la ordinea zilei, folosind noile tehnici de identificare a țintelor și calcul al traiectoriei, anume observațiile aeriene și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Telefonul_de_c%C3%A2mp&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Telefonul de câmp — pagină inexistentă">telefonul de câmp</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202821" class="extiw" title="d:Q202821"><span title="telefonul de câmp la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-354" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-354"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>347<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeroplan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aeroplan">Avioanele cu aripi fixe</a> erau la început folosite pentru <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Recunoa%C8%99tere&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Recunoaștere — pagină inexistentă">recunoaștere</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251741" class="extiw" title="d:Q251741"><span title="recunoaștere la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Suport_aerian_de_apropiere&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Suport aerian de apropiere — pagină inexistentă">atacuri la sol</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050818" class="extiw" title="d:Q1050818"><span title="suport aerian de apropiere la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. Pentru a doborî avioane inamice, s-au dezvoltat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboi_antiaerian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Război antiaerian — pagină inexistentă">tunurile antiaeriene</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86739852" class="extiw" title="d:Q86739852"><span title="război antiaerian la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avion_de_v%C3%A2n%C4%83toare?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avion de vânătoare">avioanele de luptă</a>. S-au construit <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bombardier_strategic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bombardier strategic">bombardiere strategice</a>, în principal de către germani și britanici, deși primii foloseau și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zeppelin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeppelin">zeppeline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross_1991_355-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cross_1991-355"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>348<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spre sfârșitul conflictului, s-au folosit pentru prima oară portavioane, HMS <i>Furious</i> lansând avioane <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sopwith_Camel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sopwith Camel">Sopwith Camels</a> într-un raid de distrugere a hangarelor de zeppeline de la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%B8nder?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tønder">Tønder</a> în 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECross199156–57_356-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECross199156%E2%80%9357-356"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>349<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Diplomația"><span id="Diploma.C8.9Bia"></span>Diplomația</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=58&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Diplomația" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Cartoon_for_a_Telegram.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cartoon_for_a_Telegram.jpg/220px-Cartoon_for_a_Telegram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="955"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 205px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cartoon_for_a_Telegram.jpg/220px-Cartoon_for_a_Telegram.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="205" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cartoon_for_a_Telegram.jpg/330px-Cartoon_for_a_Telegram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cartoon_for_a_Telegram.jpg/440px-Cartoon_for_a_Telegram.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Caricatură politică din 1917 despre <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telegrama_Zimmermann?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Telegrama Zimmermann">telegrama Zimmermann</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Interacțiunile nemilitare, diplomatice și de propagandă, între țări au fost gândite pentru a construi sprijin în favoarea cauzei sau pentru a submina sprijinul inamicului. În cea mai mare parte, diplomația pe timp de război s-a concentrat pe cinci aspecte: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Propaganda_%C3%AEn_Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Propaganda în Primul Război Mondial — pagină inexistentă">campaniile de propagandă</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131938" class="extiw" title="d:Q131938"><span title="propaganda în Primul Război Mondial la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>; definirea și redefinirea obiectivelor de război, care deveniseră din ce în ce mai dure pe măsură ce războiul avansa; atragerea țărilor neutre (Italia, Imperiul Otoman, Bulgaria, România) în coaliție prin oferirea de porțiuni din teritoriul inamicului; și încurajarea de către Aliați a mișcărilor minorităților naționaliste din cadrul Puterilor Centrale, în special ale cehilor, polonezilor și arabilor. Mai mult, multiple propuneri de pace veneau de la țări neutre, sau din partea uneia sau alteia din tabere; niciuna nu a avansat prea mult.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson1988[[Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_care_necesită_citarea_numărului_paginii]]<sup_class=&quot;noprint_Inline-Template&quot;><span_title=&quot;This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears&amp;nbsp;din_July_2020&quot;_style=&quot;white-space:_nowrap;&quot;>&amp;#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor|necesită&amp;nbsp;pagina]]</i>&amp;#93;</span></sup>_357-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson1988%5B%5BCategorie:Articole_Wikipedia_care_necesit%C4%83_citarea_num%C4%83rului_paginii%5D%5D<sup_class=%22noprint_Inline-Template%22><span_title=%22This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears&amp;nbsp;din_July_2020%22_style=%22white-space:_nowrap;%22>&amp;#91;<i>%5B%5BWikipedia:Citarea_surselor%7Cnecesit%C4%83&amp;nbsp;pagina%5D%5D</i>&amp;#93;</span></sup>-357"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>350<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-358" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-358"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>351<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-359" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-359"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>352<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Moștenirea_și_memoria"><span id="Mo.C8.99tenirea_.C8.99i_memoria"></span>Moștenirea și memoria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=59&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Moștenirea și memoria" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Memoriale">Memoriale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=60&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Memoriale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Sacrario_militare_di_Redipuglia_agosto_2014.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sacrario_militare_di_Redipuglia_agosto_2014.JPG/220px-Sacrario_militare_di_Redipuglia_agosto_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3080"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sacrario_militare_di_Redipuglia_agosto_2014.JPG/220px-Sacrario_militare_di_Redipuglia_agosto_2014.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sacrario_militare_di_Redipuglia_agosto_2014.JPG/330px-Sacrario_militare_di_Redipuglia_agosto_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sacrario_militare_di_Redipuglia_agosto_2014.JPG/440px-Sacrario_militare_di_Redipuglia_agosto_2014.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Memorialul_de_r%C4%83zboi_de_la_Redipuglia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Memorialul de război de la Redipuglia — pagină inexistentă">Memorialul de război de la Redipuglia</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498934" class="extiw" title="d:Q498934"><span title="Memorialul de război de la Redipuglia la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> din Italia, unde sunt înmormântați 100.187 de soldați </figcaption> </figure> <p>În mii de sate și orașe s-au construit monumente în memoria războiului. În apropierea câmpurilor de luptă, cei înmormântați în gropi improvizate au fost treptat mutați în cimitire oficiale, prin grija unor organizații cum ar fi <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission — pagină inexistentă">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117074" class="extiw" title="d:Q1117074"><span title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=American_Battle_Monuments_Commission&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="American Battle Monuments Commission — pagină inexistentă">American Battle Monuments Commission</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463527" class="extiw" title="d:Q463527"><span title="American Battle Monuments Commission la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Comisia_Mormintelor_de_R%C4%83zboi_din_Germania&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Comisia Mormintelor de Război din Germania — pagină inexistentă">Comisia Mormintelor de Război din Germania</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q708567" class="extiw" title="d:Q708567"><span title="Comisia Mormintelor de Război din Germania la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Le_Souvenir_fran%C3%A7ais&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Le Souvenir français — pagină inexistentă">Le Souvenir français</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3227378" class="extiw" title="d:Q3227378"><span title="Le Souvenir français la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. Multe dintre aceste cimitire au și monumente în memoria celor dispăruți, cum ar fi <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Memorialul_Disp%C4%83ru%C8%9Bilor_Poarta_Menin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Memorialul Dispăruților Poarta Menin — pagină inexistentă">Memorialul Dispăruților Poarta Menin</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1822397" class="extiw" title="d:Q1822397"><span title="Memorialul Dispăruților Poarta Menin la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Memorialul_Thiepval_%C3%AEn_cinstea_disp%C4%83ru%C8%9Bilor_de_pe_Somme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Memorialul Thiepval în cinstea dispăruților de pe Somme — pagină inexistentă">Memorialul Thiepval în cinstea dispăruților de pe Somme</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1861419" class="extiw" title="d:Q1861419"><span title="Memorialul Thiepval în cinstea dispăruților de pe Somme la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. Există și monumente în cinstea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monumentul_soldatului_necunoscut?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monumentul soldatului necunoscut">eroilor necunoscuți</a>, cum există mari memoriale în capitalele țărilor participante la conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-360" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-360"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>353<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-361" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-361"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>354<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>În 1915, medicul militar canadian <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=John_McCrae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="John McCrae — pagină inexistentă">John McCrae</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470812" class="extiw" title="d:Q470812"><span title="John McCrae la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a scris poezia-rondel <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8En_c%C3%A2mpurile_Flandrei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="În câmpurile Flandrei — pagină inexistentă">În câmpurile Flandrei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25772" class="extiw" title="d:Q25772"><span title="În câmpurile Flandrei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i> ca salut dedicat celor care au murit în război. Publicată în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Punch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Punch — pagină inexistentă"><i>Punch</i></a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849759" class="extiw" title="d:Q849759"><span title="Punch la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> la <time datetime="1915-12-08">8 decembrie 1915</time>, ea se recită și astăzi, mai ales cu ocazia <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ziua_Armisti%C8%9Biului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ziua Armistițiului — pagină inexistentă">Zilei Armistițiului</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6597183" class="extiw" title="d:Q6597183"><span title="Ziua Armistițiului la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Memorial_Day?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Memorial Day">Zilei Eroilor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-362" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-362"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>355<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-363" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-363"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>356<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Floarea de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mac_de_gr%C4%83din%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mac de grădină">mac</a>, descrisă în poezie, a devenit în țările Commonwealth-ului un simbol al eroilor războiului, și insignele de forma ei se poartă la evenimentele de comemorare. În Franța, același rol îl joacă <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alb%C4%83strea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albăstrea">albăstreaua</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Pagny_le_Chateau_monument_morts_002b.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pagny_le_Chateau_monument_morts_002b.jpg/220px-Pagny_le_Chateau_monument_morts_002b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pagny_le_Chateau_monument_morts_002b.jpg/220px-Pagny_le_Chateau_monument_morts_002b.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pagny_le_Chateau_monument_morts_002b.jpg/330px-Pagny_le_Chateau_monument_morts_002b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pagny_le_Chateau_monument_morts_002b.jpg/440px-Pagny_le_Chateau_monument_morts_002b.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Memorial_de_r%C4%83zboi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Memorial de război">Memorial de război</a> tipic în memoria soldaților dintr-un sat, morți în Primul Război Mondial </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Muzeul_%C8%99i_Memorialul_Na%C8%9Bional_al_Primului_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Muzeul și Memorialul Național al Primului Război Mondial — pagină inexistentă">Muzeul și Memorialul Național al Primului Război Mondial</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6303624" class="extiw" title="d:Q6303624"><span title="Muzeul și Memorialul Național al Primului Război Mondial la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a>, este un memorial dedicat americanilor care au luptat în Primul Război Mondial. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Memorialul_Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Memorialul Libertății — pagină inexistentă">Memorialul Libertății</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6303624" class="extiw" title="d:Q6303624"><span title="Memorialul Libertății la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> a fost dedicat la <time datetime="1921-11-01">1 noiembrie 1921</time>, când înalți comandanți aliati au ținut discursuri în fața a 100.000 de oameni.<sup id="cite_ref-kclibrary.org_364-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-kclibrary.org-364"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>357<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Guvernul britanic a bugetat resurse substanțiale pentru <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Comemorarea_centenarului_r%C4%83zboiului_%C3%AEn_perioada_2014%E2%80%932018&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Comemorarea centenarului războiului în perioada 2014–2018 — pagină inexistentă">comemorarea centenarului războiului în perioada 2014–2018</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5454099" class="extiw" title="d:Q5454099"><span title="comemorarea centenarului războiului în perioada 2014–2018 la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, sub egida <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imperial_War_Museum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Imperial War Museum — pagină inexistentă">Muzeului Imperial de Război</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749808" class="extiw" title="d:Q749808"><span title="Imperial War Museum la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-365" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-365"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>358<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La <time datetime="2014-08-03">3 august 2014</time>, președintele Franței, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a>, și cel al Germaniei, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joachim_Gauck?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joachim Gauck">Joachim Gauck</a>, au marcat împreună <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Centenarul_declara%C8%9Biei_de_r%C4%83zboi_a_Germaniei_%C3%AEmpotriva_Fran%C8%9Bei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Centenarul declarației de război a Germaniei împotriva Franței — pagină inexistentă">centenarul declarației de război a Germaniei împotriva Franței</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16301294" class="extiw" title="d:Q16301294"><span title="centenarul declarației de război a Germaniei împotriva Franței la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> punând piatra de temelie a unui memorial la Vieil Armand, în germană <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hartmannswillerkopf&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hartmannswillerkopf — pagină inexistentă">Hartmannswillerkopf</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q325716" class="extiw" title="d:Q325716"><span title="Hartmannswillerkopf la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, în memoria soldaților germani și francezi căzuți în război.<sup id="cite_ref-HartmannswillerkopfMemorial_366-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HartmannswillerkopfMemorial-366"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>359<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În timpul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Comemorarea_interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_a_centenarului_Armisti%C8%9Biului_din_1918&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Comemorarea internațională a centenarului Armistițiului din 1918 — pagină inexistentă">comemorărilor centenarului Armistițiului</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58461948" class="extiw" title="d:Q58461948"><span title="comemorarea internațională a centenarului Armistițiului din 1918 la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, președintele francez <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> și cancelarul german <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angela_Merkel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> au vizitat locul semnării Armistițiului de la Compiègne și au dezvelit o placă de reconciliere.<sup id="cite_ref-367" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-367"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>360<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Istoriografie">Istoriografie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=61&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoriografie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Primele eforturi de a înțelege însemnătatea și consecințele <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboiul_modern&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Războiul modern — pagină inexistentă">războiului modern</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348131" class="extiw" title="d:Q1348131"><span title="Războiul modern la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> au început în fazele inițiale ale războiului; acest proces a continuat pe durata conflictului și după sfârșitul ostilităților și încă nu a încetat după un secol. Predarea istoriei Primului Război Mondial a prezentat provocări speciale. În comparație cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial">al Doilea Război Mondial</a>, Primul Război Mondial este adesea considerat „un război greșit dus pentru motive greșite”; îi lipsește <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Metanara%C8%9Biune&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Metanarațiune — pagină inexistentă">metanarațiunea</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359754" class="extiw" title="d:Q2359754"><span title="metanarațiune la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bine_%C8%99i_r%C4%83u&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bine și rău — pagină inexistentă">bine contra rău</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10797504" class="extiw" title="d:Q10797504"><span title="bine și rău la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> care caracterizează relatările despre al Doilea Război Mondial. În lipsa unor eroi sau antagoniști ușor de recunoscut, se vorbește sistematic în termeni ce descriu distrugerile războiului, nebunia și incompetența generalilor și nevinovăția soldaților. Complexitatea conflictului este adesea pierdută în aceste suprasimplificări.<sup id="cite_ref-Neiberg2_368-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Neiberg2-368"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>361<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_F._Kennan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George F. Kennan">George Kennan</a> a denumit războiul „sămânța de catastrofă a secolului al XX-lea”.<sup id="cite_ref-369" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-369"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>362<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Istoricul Heather Jones afirmă că <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istoriografie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istoriografie">istoriografie</a> a fost revigorată de o schimbare culturală în secolul al XXI-lea. Specialiștii au ridicat noi întrebări despre <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ocupa%C8%9Bie_militar%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ocupație militară">ocupația militară</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Radicalizare&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Radicalizare — pagină inexistentă">radicalizarea</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3416483" class="extiw" title="d:Q3416483"><span title="radicalizare la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> politicii, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rase_umane?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rase umane">rasă</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medicin%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medicină">știința medicală</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Istoria_genului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Istoria genului — pagină inexistentă">gen</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517835" class="extiw" title="d:Q1517835"><span title="istoria genului la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S%C4%83n%C4%83tate_mintal%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sănătate mintală — pagină inexistentă">sănătate mintală</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309" class="extiw" title="d:Q317309"><span title="sănătate mintală la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. Printre marile subiecte pe care le-au dezbătut îndelung istoricii pe marginea războiului se numără: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Istoriografia_cauzelor_Primului_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Istoriografia cauzelor Primului Război Mondial — pagină inexistentă">de ce a început războiul</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5774557" class="extiw" title="d:Q5774557"><span title="istoriografia cauzelor Primului Război Mondial la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>; de ce a câștigat <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alia%C8%9Bii_din_Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aliații din Primul Război Mondial">Antanta</a>; dacă generalii au fost responsabili pentru <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pierderile_de_vie%C8%9Bi_omene%C8%99ti_%C3%AEn_urma_Primului_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pierderile de vieți omenești în urma Primului Război Mondial — pagină inexistentă">numărul mare de victime</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378456" class="extiw" title="d:Q1378456"><span title="pierderile de vieți omenești în urma Primului Război Mondial la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>; cum au îndurat soldații condițiile grele ale <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_de_tran%C8%99ee?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Război de tranșee">războiului de tranșee</a>; și în ce măsură au acceptat și susținut civilii de pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Frontul_de_acas%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Frontul de acasă — pagină inexistentă">frontul de acasă</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5889051" class="extiw" title="d:Q5889051"><span title="frontul de acasă la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> efortul de război.<sup id="cite_ref-370" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-370"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>363<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-371" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-371"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>364<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Proiectile_neexplodate">Proiectile neexplodate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=62&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proiectile neexplodate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Chiar și în 2007, în zona câmpurilor de luptă ca <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verdun?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verdun">Verdun</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Somme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Somme">Somme</a> mai existau semne care avertizau trecătorii să evite unele poteci, întrucât <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proiectilele_neexplodate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proiectilele neexplodate — pagină inexistentă">proiectilele neexplodate</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302880" class="extiw" title="d:Q2302880"><span title="proiectilele neexplodate la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> continuă să fie un pericol. În Franța și Belgia, localnicii care descoperă muniții neexplodate primesc ajutor din partea unităților de distrugere a armamentului. În unele locuri, viața plantelor încă nu a revenit la normal.<sup id="cite_ref-Neiberg2_368-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Neiberg2-368"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>361<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Note_de_completare">Note de completare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=63&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note de completare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-38"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cvjetko_Popovi%C4%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cvjetko Popović — pagină inexistentă">Cvjetko Popović</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5197155" class="extiw" title="d:Q5197155"><span title="Cvjetko Popović la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gavrilo_Princip?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gavrilo Princip">Gavrilo Princip</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nedeljko_%C4%8Cabrinovi%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nedeljko Čabrinović">Nedeljko Čabrinović</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trifko_Grabe%C5%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trifko Grabež">Trifko Grabež</a>, și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vaso_%C4%8Cubrilovi%C4%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vaso Čubrilović — pagină inexistentă">Vaso Čubrilović</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550413" class="extiw" title="d:Q550413"><span title="Vaso Čubrilović la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> erau <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A2rbii_din_Bosnia_%C8%99i_Her%C8%9Begovina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sârbii din Bosnia și Herțegovina — pagină inexistentă">sârbi bosniaci</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064662" class="extiw" title="d:Q1064662"><span title="sârbii din Bosnia și Herțegovina la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, în timp ce <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Muhamed_Mehmedba%C5%A1i%C4%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Muhamed Mehmedbašić — pagină inexistentă">Muhamed Mehmedbašić</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3498411" class="extiw" title="d:Q3498411"><span title="Muhamed Mehmedbašić la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> provenea din comunitatea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bosniaci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bosniaci">bosniacilor musulmani</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButcher2014103_37-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButcher2014103-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-170"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-170">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Alți foști prizonieriau format Legiunea Românească, care a luptat alături de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mi%C8%99carea_Alb%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mișcarea Albă">Albi</a> în Siberia în timpul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Civil_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Războiul Civil Rus">Războiului Civil Rus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEȘerban2000153–164_168-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C8%98erban2000153%E2%80%93164-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECazacu201389–115_169-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECazacu201389%E2%80%93115-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> în timp ce 37.000 din cei 60.000 de români capturați în Italia s-au alăturat Legiunii Voluntarilor Români și au luptat în ultimele bătălii de pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frontul_italian_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frontul italian (Primul Război Mondial)">Frontul Italian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamian2012_165-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamian2012-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-177"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-177">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Basarabia a rămas parte a României până în 1940, când a fost anexată de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iosif_Stalin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Iosif Stalin">Iosif Stalin</a> drept <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Sovietic%C4%83_Socialist%C4%83_Moldoveneasc%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească">RSS Moldovenească</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERothschild1975314_176-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERothschild1975314-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> în urma dizolvării URSS în 1991, ea a devenit <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Moldova?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Moldova">Republica Moldova</a> independentă</span></li> <li id="cite_note-235"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-235">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Spre deosebire de celelalte, statul-succesor al Imperiului Rus, Uniunea Republicilor Sovietice Socialiste, a păstrat granițe similare, deoarece și-a păstrat sau recuperat rapid teritoriile pierdute. Deși ideologia a fost diferită, regimul acelui stat a continuat să fie unul autoritar, în tradiția vechiului imperiu, astfel că dispariția lui este discutabilă.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-278"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-278">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Germanii <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Au_mai_%C3%AEncercat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Au mai încercat — pagină inexistentă">au mai încercat</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2467678" class="extiw" title="d:Q2467678"><span title="au mai încercat la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> să folosească arme chimice și pe frontul de est în ianuarie 1915, dar tentativa nu a produs victime.<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-307"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-307">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">10<sup>9</sup> în acest context&nbsp;– vezi <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Scale_mari_%C8%99i_mici&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Scale mari și mici — pagină inexistentă">scale mari și mici</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725503" class="extiw" title="d:Q725503"><span title="scale mari și mici la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-320"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-320">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Primul Război Mondial a luat sfârșit oficial când Germania a plătit întreaga sumă a despăgubirilor care i-au fost impuse de Aliați.<sup id="cite_ref-316" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-316"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>310<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-317" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-317"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>311<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-318" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-318"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>312<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-319" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-319"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>313<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=64&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.1914-1918.net/faq.htm">„British Army statistics of the Great War”</a>. 1914-1918.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-12-13">13 decembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=British+Army+statistics+of+the+Great+War&amp;rft.pub=1914-1918.net&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1914-1918.net%2Ffaq.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Figures are for the British Empire</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Figures are for Metropolitan France and its colonies</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Evans-4">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Evans_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Evans_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">David Evans, <i>Teach yourself. the First World War</i>, Hodder Arnold. 2004, pag.188</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994xv-5"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994xv_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGilbert1994">Gilbert 1994</a>, p.&nbsp;xv.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpreeuwenberg20182561–2567-6">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpreeuwenberg20182561%E2%80%932567_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpreeuwenberg20182561%E2%80%932567_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSpreeuwenberg2018">Spreeuwenberg 2018</a>, pp.&nbsp;2561–2567.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams20144–10-7"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams20144%E2%80%9310_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWilliams2014">Williams 2014</a>, pp.&nbsp;4–10.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZuber201146–49-8"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZuber201146%E2%80%9349_8-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFZuber2011">Zuber 2011</a>, pp.&nbsp;46–49.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffield2002251-9"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheffield2002251_9-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSheffield2002">Sheffield 2002</a>, p.&nbsp;251.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShapiroEpstein2006329-10"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShapiroEpstein2006329_10-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFShapiroEpstein2006">Shapiro &amp; Epstein 2006</a>, p.&nbsp;329.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Proffitt, Michael (<time datetime="2014-06-13">13 iunie 2014</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://public.oed.com/blog/june-2014-update-chief-editors-notes-june-2014/">„Chief Editor's notes June 2014”</a>. <i>Oxford English Dictionary's blog</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary%27s+blog&amp;rft.atitle=Chief+Editor%27s+notes+June+2014&amp;rft.date=2014-06-13&amp;rft.aulast=Proffitt&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.oed.com%2Fblog%2Fjune-2014-update-chief-editors-notes-june-2014%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001001745/http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/were-they-always-called-world-war-i-and-world-war-ii">„Were they always called World War I and World War II?”</a>. <i>Ask History</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/were-they-always-called-world-war-i-and-world-war-ii">original</a> la <time datetime="2015-10-01">1 octombrie 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-10-24">24 octombrie 2013</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ask+History&amp;rft.atitle=Were+they+always+called+World+War+I+and+World+War+II%3F&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fask-history%2Fwere-they-always-called-world-war-i-and-world-war-ii&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBraybon20048-13"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBraybon20048_13-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBraybon2004">Braybon 2004</a>, p.&nbsp;8.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514194006/https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/81104">„great, adj., adv., and n”</a>. <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/81104">original</a> la 14 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în subscription</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&amp;rft.atitle=great%2C+adj.%2C+adv.%2C+and+n&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F81104&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Mai multe valori specificate pentru <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> și <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#redundant_parameters" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>); </span><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Verificați datele pentru: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619035838/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/10/98/world_war_i/198172.stm">„The war to end all wars”</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <time datetime="1998-11-10">10 noiembrie 1998</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/10/98/world_war_i/198172.stm">original</a> la <time datetime="2015-06-19">19 iunie 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2015-12-15">15 decembrie 2015</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=The+war+to+end+all+wars&amp;rft.date=1998-11-10&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fspecial_report%2F1998%2F10%2F98%2Fworld_war_i%2F198172.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2013121–152-16"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2013121%E2%80%93152_16-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFClark2013">Clark 2013</a>, pp.&nbsp;121–152.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZeldin1977117-17"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZeldin1977117_17-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFZeldin1977">Zeldin 1977</a>, p.&nbsp;117.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan199852-18"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan199852_18-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKeegan1998">Keegan 1998</a>, p.&nbsp;52.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedlicott194566–70-19"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMedlicott194566%E2%80%9370_19-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMedlicott1945">Medlicott 1945</a>, pp.&nbsp;66–70.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeenan198620-20"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeenan198620_20-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKeenan1986">Keenan 1986</a>, p.&nbsp;20.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott200315-21"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott200315_21-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWillmott2003">Willmott 2003</a>, p.&nbsp;15.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFay1930290–293-22"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFay1930290%E2%80%93293_22-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFay1930">Fay 1930</a>, pp.&nbsp;290–293.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott200321-23">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott200321_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott200321_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWillmott2003">Willmott 2003</a>, p.&nbsp;21.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerwig198872–73-24"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerwig198872%E2%80%9373_24-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHerwig1988">Herwig 1988</a>, pp.&nbsp;72–73.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMollLuebbert1980153–185-25"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMollLuebbert1980153%E2%80%93185_25-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMollLuebbert1980">Moll &amp; Luebbert 1980</a>, pp.&nbsp;153–185.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson201645-26"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson201645_26-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStevenson2016">Stevenson 2016</a>, p.&nbsp;45.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrisp1976174–196-27"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrisp1976174%E2%80%93196_27-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCrisp1976">Crisp 1976</a>, pp.&nbsp;174–196.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson201642-28"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson201642_28-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStevenson2016">Stevenson 2016</a>, p.&nbsp;42.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin201566–67-29"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin201566%E2%80%9367_29-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMcMeekin2015">McMeekin 2015</a>, pp.&nbsp;66–67.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark201386-30"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark201386_30-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFClark2013">Clark 2013</a>, p.&nbsp;86.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2013251–252-31"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2013251%E2%80%93252_31-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFClark2013">Clark 2013</a>, pp.&nbsp;251–252.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin201569-32"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin201569_32-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMcMeekin2015">McMeekin 2015</a>, p.&nbsp;69.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin201573-33"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin201573_33-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMcMeekin2015">McMeekin 2015</a>, p.&nbsp;73.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott20032–23-34"><b><a 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History.com. <time datetime="1914-06-30">30 iunie 1914</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/european-powers-maintain-focus-despite-killings-in-sarajevo">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-06-23">23 iunie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-12-26">26 decembrie 2013</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=European+powers+maintain+focus+despite+killings+in+Sarajevo++%E2%80%93+This+Day+in+History&amp;rft.pub=History.com&amp;rft.date=1914-06-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Feuropean-powers-maintain-focus-despite-killings-in-sarajevo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott200326-43"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott200326_43-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWillmott2003">Willmott 2003</a>, p.&nbsp;26.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Christopher_Clark_20142-44"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Christopher_Clark_20142_44-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation audio-visual">Clark, Christopher (25 iunie 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03t7p27"><i>Month of Madness</i></a>. BBC Radio 4<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03t7p27">http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03t7p27</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Month+of+Madness&amp;rft.aulast=Clark&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rft.au=Clark%2C%26%2332%3BChristopher&amp;rft.date=25+June+2014&amp;rft.pub=BBC+Radio+4&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb03t7p27&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/ro.wikipedia.org:Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial"><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-DjordjevićSpence1992-45"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Djordjevi%C4%87Spence1992_45-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Djordjević, Dimitrije; Spence, Richard B. (<time datetime="1992">1992</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DCDJpAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA313"><i>Scholar, patriot, mentor: historical essays in honor of Dimitrije Djordjević</i></a>. East European Monographs. p.&nbsp;313. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-88033-217-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-88033-217-0">978-0-88033-217-0</a>. <q>Following the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in June 1914, Croats and Muslims in Sarajevo joined forces in an anti-Serb pogrom.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Scholar%2C+patriot%2C+mentor%3A+historical+essays+in+honor+of+Dimitrije+Djordjevi%C4%87&amp;rft.pages=313&amp;rft.pub=East+European+Monographs&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-88033-217-0&amp;rft.aulast=Djordjevi%C4%87&amp;rft.aufirst=Dimitrije&amp;rft.au=Spence%2C+Richard+B.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCDJpAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA313&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQGtWAAAAMAAJ"><i>Reports Service: Southeast Europe series</i></a>. American Universities Field Staff. <time datetime="1964">1964</time>. p.&nbsp;44<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-12-07">7 decembrie 2013</time></span>. <q>...&nbsp;the assassination was followed by officially encouraged anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo&nbsp;...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Reports+Service%3A+Southeast+Europe+series&amp;rft.pages=44&amp;rft.pub=American+Universities+Field+Staff.&amp;rft.date=1964&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQGtWAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kröll2008-47"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kr%C3%B6ll2008_47-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kröll, Herbert (<time datetime="2008">2008</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DuJRnAAAAMAAJ"><i>Austrian-Greek encounters over the centuries: history, diplomacy, politics, arts, economics</i></a>. Studienverlag. p.&nbsp;55. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-3-7065-4526-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-3-7065-4526-6">978-3-7065-4526-6</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-09-01">1 septembrie 2013</time></span>. <q>...&nbsp;arrested and interned some 5.500 prominent Serbs and sentenced to death some 460 persons, a new Schutzkorps, an auxiliary militia, widened the anti-Serb repression.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Austrian-Greek+encounters+over+the+centuries%3A+history%2C+diplomacy%2C+politics%2C+arts%2C+economics&amp;rft.pages=55&amp;rft.pub=Studienverlag&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-7065-4526-6&amp;rft.aulast=Kr%C3%B6ll&amp;rft.aufirst=Herbert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuJRnAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001485-48"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001485_48-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p.&nbsp;485.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schindler2007-49"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schindler2007_49-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Schindler, John R. (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dc8Xb6x2XYvIC%26pg%3DPA29"><i>Unholy Terror: Bosnia, Al-Qa'ida, and the Rise of Global Jihad</i></a>. Zenith Imprint. p.&nbsp;29. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-61673-964-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-61673-964-5">978-1-61673-964-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Unholy+Terror%3A+Bosnia%2C+Al-Qa%27ida%2C+and+the+Rise+of+Global+Jihad&amp;rft.pages=29&amp;rft.pub=Zenith+Imprint&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-61673-964-5&amp;rft.aulast=Schindler&amp;rft.aufirst=John+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc8Xb6x2XYvIC%26pg%3DPA29&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelikonja2003141-50"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelikonja2003141_50-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFVelikonja2003">Velikonja 2003</a>, p.&nbsp;141.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson199612-51"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson199612_51-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStevenson1996">Stevenson 1996</a>, p.&nbsp;12.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacMillan2013532-52"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacMillan2013532_52-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMacMillan2013">MacMillan 2013</a>, p.&nbsp;532.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott200327-53"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott200327_53-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWillmott2003">Willmott 2003</a>, p.&nbsp;27.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFromkin2004196–197-54"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFromkin2004196%E2%80%93197_54-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFromkin2004">Fromkin 2004</a>, pp.&nbsp;196–197.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacMillan2013536-55"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacMillan2013536_55-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMacMillan2013">MacMillan 2013</a>, p.&nbsp;536.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELieven2016326-56"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieven2016326_56-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLieven2016">Lieven 2016</a>, p.&nbsp;326.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2013526–527-57"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2013526%E2%80%93527_57-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFClark2013">Clark 2013</a>, pp.&nbsp;526–527.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartel2014335-58"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartel2014335_58-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMartel2014">Martel 2014</a>, p.&nbsp;335.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199427-59"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert199427_59-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGilbert1994">Gilbert 1994</a>, p.&nbsp;27.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton200345-60"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton200345_60-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFClayton2003">Clayton 2003</a>, p.&nbsp;45.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2013539–541-61"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2013539%E2%80%93541_61-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFClark2013">Clark 2013</a>, pp.&nbsp;539–541.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199429-62"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert199429_62-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGilbert1994">Gilbert 1994</a>, p.&nbsp;29.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoogan200948-63"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan200948_63-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCoogan2009">Coogan 2009</a>, p.&nbsp;48.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Tsouras, Peter (<time datetime="2017-07-19">19 iulie 2017</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226121045/https://www.historynet.com/kaisers-question-1914.htm">„The Kaiser's Question, 1914”</a>. <i>HistoryNet</i> (în engleză). Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.historynet.com/kaisers-question-1914.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2021-12-26">26 decembrie 2021</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2021-12-26">26 decembrie 2021</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=HistoryNet&amp;rft.atitle=The+Kaiser%27s+Question%2C+1914&amp;rft.date=2017-07-19&amp;rft.aulast=Tsouras&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Fkaisers-question-1914.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin2014342,349-65"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMeekin2014342,349_65-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMcMeekin2014">McMeekin 2014</a>, pp.&nbsp;342,349.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacMillan2013579–580,_585-66"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacMillan2013579%E2%80%93580,_585_66-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMacMillan2013">MacMillan 2013</a>, pp.&nbsp;579–580, 585.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe20014–5-67"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowe20014%E2%80%935_67-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCrowe2001">Crowe 2001</a>, pp.&nbsp;4–5.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott200329-68"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott200329_68-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWillmott2003">Willmott 2003</a>, p.&nbsp;29.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2013550–551-69"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2013550%E2%80%93551_69-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFClark2013">Clark 2013</a>, pp.&nbsp;550–551.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrachan2003292–296,_343–354-70"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrachan2003292%E2%80%93296,_343%E2%80%93354_70-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStrachan2003">Strachan 2003</a>, pp.&nbsp;292–296, 343–354.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005172-71"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005172_71-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;172.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchindler2002159–195-72"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchindler2002159%E2%80%93195_72-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSchindler2002">Schindler 2002</a>, pp.&nbsp;159–195.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710083934/http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/Dru%25C5%25A1tvo/1516279/Veliki%2Brat%2B-%2Bavijacija.html">„Veliki rat – Avijacija”</a>. <i>rts.rs</i>. RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of Serbia. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/Dru%25C5%25A1tvo/1516279/Veliki%2Brat%2B-%2Bavijacija.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2017-07-10">10 iulie 2017</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-07-16">16 iulie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=rts.rs&amp;rft.atitle=Veliki+rat+%E2%80%93+Avijacija&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rts.rs%2Fpage%2Fstories%2Fsr%2Fstory%2F125%2FDru%25C5%25A1tvo%2F1516279%2FVeliki%2Brat%2B-%2Bavijacija.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine">. Arhivat din original<span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|archive-url=</code> necesită <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#archive_missing_url" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span> la <time datetime="2015-08-31">31 august 2015</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson200422-75">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson200422_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson200422_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStevenson2004">Stevenson 2004</a>, p.&nbsp;22.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorne196422-76"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorne196422_76-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHorne1964">Horne 1964</a>, p.&nbsp;22.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson200423-77"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson200423_77-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStevenson2004">Stevenson 2004</a>, p.&nbsp;23.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2014194,_211-78"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2014194,_211_78-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHolmes2014">Holmes 2014</a>, pp.&nbsp;194, 211.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson201254-79"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson201254_79-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStevenson2012">Stevenson 2012</a>, p.&nbsp;54.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson201855-80"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson201855_80-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFJackson2018">Jackson 2018</a>, p.&nbsp;55.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELieven2016327-81"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieven2016327_81-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLieven2016">Lieven 2016</a>, p.&nbsp;327.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005376–378-82"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005376%E2%80%93378_82-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, pp.&nbsp;376–378.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorne1964221-83"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorne1964221_83-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHorne1964">Horne 1964</a>, p.&nbsp;221.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonko201279-84"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonko201279_84-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDonko2012">Donko 2012</a>, p.&nbsp;79.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998224–232-85"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998224%E2%80%93232_85-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKeegan1998">Keegan 1998</a>, pp.&nbsp;224–232.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFalls196079–80-86"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalls196079%E2%80%9380_86-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFalls1960">Falls 1960</a>, pp.&nbsp;79–80.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarwell1989353-87"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarwell1989353_87-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFarwell1989">Farwell 1989</a>, p.&nbsp;353.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1994197–198-88"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1994197%E2%80%93198_88-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBrown1994">Brown 1994</a>, pp.&nbsp;197–198.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1994201–203-89"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1994201%E2%80%93203_89-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBrown1994">Brown 1994</a>, pp.&nbsp;201–203.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-90"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kant, Vedica (<time datetime="2014-09-24">24 septembrie 2014</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/southasia/2014/09/24/piecing-together-the-impact-of-the-great-war-on-india/">„India and WWI: Piecing together the impact of the Great War on the subcontinent”</a>. <i>LSE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2022-09-28">28 septembrie 2022</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=LSE&amp;rft.atitle=India+and+WWI%3A+Piecing+together+the+impact+of+the+Great+War+on+the+subcontinent&amp;rft.date=2014-09-24&amp;rft.aulast=Kant&amp;rft.aufirst=Vedica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.lse.ac.uk%2Fsouthasia%2F2014%2F09%2F24%2Fpiecing-together-the-impact-of-the-great-war-on-india%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-91"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701062212/http://www.mgtrust.org/ind1.htm">„Participants from the Indian subcontinent in the First World War”</a>. Memorial Gates Trust. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.mgtrust.org/ind1.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-07-01">1 iulie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-12-12">12 decembrie 2008</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Participants+from+the+Indian+subcontinent+in+the+First+World+War&amp;rft.pub=Memorial+Gates+Trust&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mgtrust.org%2Find1.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-92"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-92">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Horniman, Benjamin Guy (<time datetime="1984">1984</time>). <i>British administration and the Amritsar massacre</i>. 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Firstworldwar.com. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.firstworldwar.com/weaponry/gas.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-08-21">21 august 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2012-07-05">5 iulie 2012</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Weapons+of+War%3A+Poison+Gas&amp;rft.pub=Firstworldwar.com&amp;rft.date=2009-08-22&amp;rft.aulast=Duffy&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstworldwar.com%2Fweaponry%2Fgas.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELove1996-98"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELove1996_98-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLove1996">Love 1996</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDupuy19931042-99"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDupuy19931042_99-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDupuy1993">Dupuy 1993</a>, p.&nbsp;1042.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant2005276-100"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrant2005276_100-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGrant2005">Grant 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;276.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-101"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-101">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Lichfield, John (<time datetime="2006-02-21">21 februarie 2006</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022235418/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/verdun-myths-and-memories-of-the-lost-villages-of-france-5335493.html">„Verdun: myths and memories of the 'lost villages' of France”</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/verdun-myths-and-memories-of-the-lost-villages-of-france-5335493.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2017-10-22">22 octombrie 2017</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-07-23">23 iulie 2013</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Independent&amp;rft.atitle=Verdun%3A+myths+and+memories+of+the+%27lost+villages%27+of+France&amp;rft.date=2006-02-21&amp;rft.aulast=Lichfield&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fverdun-myths-and-memories-of-the-lost-villages-of-france-5335493.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2008271-102"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2008271_102-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHarris2008">Harris 2008</a>, p.&nbsp;271.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-103"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420074403/https://trenchwarfareworldwar1.weebly.com/living-conditions.html">„Living conditions”</a>. <i>Trench Warfare</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://trenchwarfareworldwar1.weebly.com/living-conditions.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2018-04-20">20 aprilie 2018</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2018-04-19">19 aprilie 2018</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Trench+Warfare&amp;rft.atitle=Living+conditions&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrenchwarfareworldwar1.weebly.com%2Fliving-conditions.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200739–47-104"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200739%E2%80%9347_104-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTaylor2007">Taylor 2007</a>, pp.&nbsp;39–47.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene20065-105"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene20065_105-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKeene2006">Keene 2006</a>, p.&nbsp;5.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalpern1995293-106"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalpern1995293_106-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHalpern1995">Halpern 1995</a>, p.&nbsp;293.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZieger200150-107"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZieger200150_107-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFZieger2001">Zieger 2001</a>, p.&nbsp;50.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-108"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-108">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jeremy Black (iunie 2016). „Jutland's Place in History”. <i>Naval History</i>. <b>30</b> (3): 16–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Naval+History&amp;rft.atitle=Jutland%27s+Place+in+History&amp;rft.volume=30&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=16-21&amp;rft.date=2016-06&amp;rft.au=Jeremy+Black&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Sheffield-109">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sheffield_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sheffield_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sheffield_109-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sheffield_109-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sheffield, Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603135501/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/battle_atlantic_ww1_01.shtml">„The First Battle of the Atlantic”</a>. <i>World Wars in Depth</i>. BBC. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/battle_atlantic_ww1_01.shtml">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-06-03">3 iunie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-11-11">11 noiembrie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=World+Wars+in+Depth&amp;rft.atitle=The+First+Battle+of+the+Atlantic&amp;rft.aulast=Sheffield&amp;rft.aufirst=Garry&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fworldwars%2Fwwone%2Fbattle_atlantic_ww1_01.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994306-110"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994306_110-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGilbert1994">Gilbert 1994</a>, p.&nbsp;306.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_der_Porten1969-111"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_der_Porten1969_111-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFvon_der_Porten1969">von der Porten 1969</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones200180-112"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones200180_112-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFJones2001">Jones 2001</a>, p.&nbsp;80.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-113"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Nova Scotia House of Assembly Committee on Veterans Affairs (<time datetime="2006-11-09">9 noiembrie 2006</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123113612/http://nslegislature.ca/index.php/committees/committee_hansard/C11/va_2006nov09">„Committee Hansard”</a>. <i>Hansard</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://nslegislature.ca/index.php/committees/committee_hansard/C11/va_2006nov09">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-11-23">23 noiembrie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-03-12">12 martie 2013</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Hansard&amp;rft.atitle=Committee+Hansard&amp;rft.date=2006-11-09&amp;rft.au=Nova+Scotia+House+of+Assembly+Committee+on+Veterans+Affairs&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnslegislature.ca%2Findex.php%2Fcommittees%2Fcommittee_hansard%2FC11%2Fva_2006nov09&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-114"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-114">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Chickering, Roger; Förster, Stig; Greiner, Bernd (<time datetime="2005">2005</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DevVPoSwqrG4C%26pg%3DPA73"><i>A world at total war: global conflict and the politics of destruction, 1937–1945</i></a>. Publications of the German Historical Institute. Washington, DC: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-521-83432-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-521-83432-2">978-0-521-83432-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+world+at+total+war%3A+global+conflict+and+the+politics+of+destruction%2C+1937%E2%80%931945&amp;rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&amp;rft.series=Publications+of+the+German+Historical+Institute&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-83432-2&amp;rft.aulast=Chickering&amp;rft.aufirst=Roger&amp;rft.au=F%C3%B6rster%2C+Stig&amp;rft.au=Greiner%2C+Bernd&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DevVPoSwqrG4C%26pg%3DPA73&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-price1980-115"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-price1980_115-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFPrice1980">Price 1980</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-116"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-116">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/stream/PAM550-99/PAM550-99_djvu.txt">The Balkan Wars and World War I</a>". p. 28. <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Library of Congress Country Studies">Library of Congress Country Studies</a></i>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid2YqjfHLyyj8C_241–]-117"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005%5Bhttpsbooksgooglecombooksid2YqjfHLyyj8C_241%E2%80%93%5D_117-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D2YqjfHLyyj8C">241–</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeiberg200554–55-118"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeiberg200554%E2%80%9355_118-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFNeiberg2005">Neiberg 2005</a>, pp.&nbsp;54–55.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20051075–1076-119"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20051075%E2%80%931076_119-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, pp.&nbsp;1075–1076.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiNardo2015102-120"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiNardo2015102_120-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDiNardo2015">DiNardo 2015</a>, p.&nbsp;102.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeiberg2005108–110-121"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeiberg2005108%E2%80%93110_121-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFNeiberg2005">Neiberg 2005</a>, pp.&nbsp;108–110.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-122"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-122">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hall, Richard (<time datetime="2010">2010</time>). <i>Balkan Breakthrough: The Battle of Dobro Pole 1918</i>. Indiana University Press. p.&nbsp;11. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-253-35452-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-253-35452-5">978-0-253-35452-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Balkan+Breakthrough%3A+The+Battle+of+Dobro+Pole+1918&amp;rft.pages=11&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-253-35452-5&amp;rft.aulast=Hall&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerWoodMurphy1999150–152-123"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerWoodMurphy1999150%E2%80%93152_123-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerWoodMurphy1999">Tucker, Wood &amp; Murphy 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;150–152.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-militera-124"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-militera_124-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Korsun, N. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809073504/http://militera.lib.ru/h/korsun_ng4/06.html">„The Balkan Front of the World War”</a> (în rusă). militera.lib.ru. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://militera.lib.ru/h/korsun_ng4/06.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2013-08-09">9 august 2013</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-09-27">27 septembrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Balkan+Front+of+the+World+War&amp;rft.pub=militera.lib.ru&amp;rft.aulast=Korsun&amp;rft.aufirst=N.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmilitera.lib.ru%2Fh%2Fkorsun_ng4%2F06.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoughty2005491-125"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoughty2005491_125-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDoughty2005">Doughty 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;491.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-126"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-126">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gettleman, Marvin; Schaar, Stuart, ed. (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DsrLGT3dwTogC"><i>The Middle East and Islamic world reader</i></a> (ed. 4th). New York: Grove Press. pp.&nbsp;119–120. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8021-3936-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8021-3936-8">978-0-8021-3936-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Middle+East+and+Islamic+world+reader&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=119-120&amp;rft.edition=4th&amp;rft.pub=Grove+Press&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8021-3936-8&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsrLGT3dwTogC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-127"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-127">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">January, Brendan (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DIoPMDp2WA6cC"><i>Genocide: modern crimes against humanity</i></a>. Minneapolis, Minn.: Twenty-First Century Books. p.&nbsp;14. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-7613-3421-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-7613-3421-7">978-0-7613-3421-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Genocide%3A+modern+crimes+against+humanity&amp;rft.place=Minneapolis%2C+Minn.&amp;rft.pages=14&amp;rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7613-3421-7&amp;rft.aulast=January&amp;rft.aufirst=Brendan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIoPMDp2WA6cC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-lieberman-128"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lieberman_128-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lieberman, Benjamin (<time datetime="2013">2013</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DySFMAQAAQBAJ"><i>The Holocaust and Genocides in Europe</i></a>. New York: Continuum Publishing Corporation. pp.&nbsp;80–81. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-4411-9478-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-4411-9478-7">978-1-4411-9478-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Holocaust+and+Genocides+in+Europe&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=80-81&amp;rft.pub=Continuum+Publishing+Corporation&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4411-9478-7&amp;rft.aulast=Lieberman&amp;rft.aufirst=Benjamin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DySFMAQAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-129"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-129">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Arthur J. Barker, <i>The Neglected War: Mesopotamia, 1914–1918</i> (London: Faber, 1967)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-130"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-130">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Crawford, John; McGibbon, Ian (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DmtEEuD_-2SMC%26pg%3DPA219"><i>New Zealand's Great War: New Zealand, the Allies and the First World War</i></a>. Exisle Publishing. pp.&nbsp;219–220.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=New+Zealand%27s+Great+War%3A+New+Zealand%2C+the+Allies+and+the+First+World+War&amp;rft.pages=219-220&amp;rft.pub=Exisle+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.aulast=Crawford&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft.au=McGibbon%2C+Ian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmtEEuD_-2SMC%26pg%3DPA219&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFromkin2004119-131"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFromkin2004119_131-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFromkin2004">Fromkin 2004</a>, p.&nbsp;119.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-caven-132">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-caven_132-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-caven_132-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHinterhoff1984">Hinterhoff 1984</a>, pp.&nbsp;499–503. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-133"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-133">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Northcote, Dudley S. (<time datetime="1922">1922</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909113528/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D4LYqAAAAYAAJ">„Saving Forty Thousand Armenians”</a>. <i>Current History</i>. New York Times Co. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D4LYqAAAAYAAJ">original</a> la <time datetime="2021-09-09">9 septembrie 2021</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2021-09-09">9 septembrie 2021</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Current+History&amp;rft.atitle=Saving+Forty+Thousand+Armenians&amp;rft.date=1922&amp;rft.aulast=Northcote&amp;rft.aufirst=Dudley+S.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4LYqAAAAYAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESachar1970122–138-134"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESachar1970122%E2%80%93138_134-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSachar1970">Sachar 1970</a>, pp.&nbsp;122–138.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994-135"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994_135-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGilbert1994">Gilbert 1994</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Brief_Ottoman_History-136"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Brief_Ottoman_History_136-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hanioglu, M. Sukru (<time datetime="2010">2010</time>). <i>A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire</i>. Princeton University Press. pp.&nbsp;180–181. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-691-13452-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-691-13452-9">978-0-691-13452-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Late+Ottoman+Empire&amp;rft.pages=180-181&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-691-13452-9&amp;rft.aulast=Hanioglu&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+Sukru&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson200913-137"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson200913_137-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFThompson2009">Thompson 2009</a>, p.&nbsp;13.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson20099–10-138"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson20099%E2%80%9310_138-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFThompson2009">Thompson 2009</a>, pp.&nbsp;9–10.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner2015120-139"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardner2015120_139-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGardner2015">Gardner 2015</a>, p.&nbsp;120.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson200914-140"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson200914_140-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFThompson2009">Thompson 2009</a>, p.&nbsp;14.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson200930–31-141"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson200930%E2%80%9331_141-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFThompson2009">Thompson 2009</a>, pp.&nbsp;30–31.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994166-142"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994166_142-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGilbert1994">Gilbert 1994</a>, p.&nbsp;166.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson200957-143"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson200957_143-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFThompson2009">Thompson 2009</a>, p.&nbsp;57.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshallJosephy1982108-144"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshallJosephy1982108_144-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMarshallJosephy1982">Marshall &amp; Josephy 1982</a>, p.&nbsp;108.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFornassin201739–62-145"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFornassin201739%E2%80%9362_145-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFornassin2017">Fornassin 2017</a>, pp.&nbsp;39–62.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2009163-146"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson2009163_146-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFThompson2009">Thompson 2009</a>, p.&nbsp;163.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994317-147"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994317_147-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGilbert1994">Gilbert 1994</a>, p.&nbsp;317.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994482-148"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994482_148-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGilbert1994">Gilbert 1994</a>, p.&nbsp;482.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994484-149"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994484_149-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGilbert1994">Gilbert 1994</a>, p.&nbsp;484.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2009364-150"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson2009364_150-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFThompson2009">Thompson 2009</a>, p.&nbsp;364.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994491-151"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994491_151-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGilbert1994">Gilbert 1994</a>, p.&nbsp;491.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005715-152"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005715_152-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;715.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyer2006152–154,_161,_163,_175,_182-153"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyer2006152%E2%80%93154,_161,_163,_175,_182_153-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMeyer2006">Meyer 2006</a>, pp.&nbsp;152–154, 161, 163, 175, 182.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Smele-154"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Smele_154-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSmele">Smele</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchindler2003?-155"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchindler2003?_155-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSchindler2003">Schindler 2003</a>, p.&nbsp;?.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker2002119-156"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker2002119_156-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTucker2002">Tucker 2002</a>, p.&nbsp;119.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-157"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lawrence Goodrich (<time datetime="2011">2011</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820043510/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DwErHyRve0noC%26pg%3DPA376"><i>Cultural Studies</i></a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jones_%26_Bartlett_Learning&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning — pagină inexistentă">Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6275104" class="extiw" title="d:Q6275104"><span title="Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. p.&nbsp;376. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781449637286?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9781449637286">9781449637286</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DwErHyRve0noC%26pg%3DPA376">original</a> la <time datetime="2023-08-20">20 august 2023</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2023-07-30">30 iulie 2023</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Cultural+Studies&amp;rft.pages=376&amp;rft.pub=%3AJones+%26+Bartlett+Learning%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Jones+%26amp%3B+Bartlett+Learning+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=9781449637286&amp;rft.au=Lawrence+Goodrich&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwErHyRve0noC%26pg%3DPA376&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJelavich1992441–442-158"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJelavich1992441%E2%80%93442_158-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFJelavich1992">Jelavich 1992</a>, pp.&nbsp;441–442.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumitru2012171-159">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDumitru2012171_159-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDumitru2012171_159-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDumitru2012">Dumitru 2012</a>, p.&nbsp;171.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumitru2012170-160"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDumitru2012170_160-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDumitru2012">Dumitru 2012</a>, p.&nbsp;170.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994282-161">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994282_161-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994282_161-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGilbert1994">Gilbert 1994</a>, p.&nbsp;282.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETorrie19787–8-162"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorrie19787%E2%80%938_162-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTorrie1978">Torrie 1978</a>, pp.&nbsp;7–8.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett201396–98-163"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett201396%E2%80%9398_163-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBarrett2013">Barrett 2013</a>, pp.&nbsp;96–98.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-164"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-164">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">România în anii primului război mondial, vol.2, p. 831</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamian2012-165">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamian2012_165-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamian2012_165-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDamian2012">Damian 2012</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEȘerban1997101–111-166"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE%C8%98erban1997101%E2%80%93111_166-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%C8%98erban1997">Șerban 1997</a>, pp.&nbsp;101–111.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPărean20021–5-167"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEP%C4%83rean20021%E2%80%935_167-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFP%C4%83rean2002">Părean 2002</a>, pp.&nbsp;1–5.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEȘerban2000153–164-168"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE%C8%98erban2000153%E2%80%93164_168-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%C8%98erban2000">Șerban 2000</a>, pp.&nbsp;153–164.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECazacu201389–115-169"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECazacu201389%E2%80%93115_169-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCazacu2013">Cazacu 2013</a>, pp.&nbsp;89–115.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarble2018343–349-171"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarble2018343%E2%80%93349_171-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMarble2018">Marble 2018</a>, pp.&nbsp;343–349.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFalls1961285-172"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalls1961285_172-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFalls1961">Falls 1961</a>, p.&nbsp;285.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitrasca200736–38-173"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitrasca200736%E2%80%9338_173-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMitrasca2007">Mitrasca 2007</a>, pp.&nbsp;36–38.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrampton199424–25-174"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrampton199424%E2%80%9325_174-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCrampton1994">Crampton 1994</a>, pp.&nbsp;24–25.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBéla1998429-175"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEB%C3%A9la1998429_175-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFB%C3%A9la1998">Béla 1998</a>, p.&nbsp;429.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERothschild1975314-176"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERothschild1975314_176-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRothschild1975">Rothschild 1975</a>, p.&nbsp;314.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErlikman200451-178"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErlikman200451_178-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFErlikman2004">Erlikman 2004</a>, p.&nbsp;51.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-lanoszka-179">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lanoszka_179-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lanoszka_179-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lanoszka_179-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Alexander Lanoszka; Michael A. Hunzeker (<time datetime="2018-11-11">11 noiembrie 2018</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412030938/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/11/11/why-the-first-world-war-lasted-so-long/">„Why the First War lasted so long”</a>. <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Washington_Post?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/11/11/why-the-first-world-war-lasted-so-long/?">original</a> la <time datetime="2022-04-12">12 aprilie 2022</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2018-11-11">11 noiembrie 2018</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Why+the+First+War+lasted+so+long&amp;rft.date=2018-11-11&amp;rft.au=Alexander+Lanoszka&amp;rft.au=Michael+A.+Hunzeker&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmonkey-cage%2Fwp%2F2018%2F11%2F11%2Fwhy-the-first-world-war-lasted-so-long%2F%3F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998345-180">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998345_180-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998345_180-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKeegan1998">Keegan 1998</a>, p.&nbsp;345.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKernek1970721–766-181"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKernek1970721%E2%80%93766_181-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKernek1970">Kernek 1970</a>, pp.&nbsp;721–766.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett2007523-182"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett2007523_182-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBeckett2007">Beckett 2007</a>, p.&nbsp;523.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinter2014110–132-183"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinter2014110%E2%80%93132_183-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWinter2014">Winter 2014</a>, pp.&nbsp;110–132.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheeler-Bennett193836–41-184"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheeler-Bennett193836%E2%80%9341_184-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWheeler-Bennett1938">Wheeler-Bennett 1938</a>, pp.&nbsp;36–41.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-185"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-185">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Treaty of Bucharest with the Central Powers in May 1918</span></li> <li id="cite_note-186"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-186">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">R. 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Crampton, <i>Eastern Europe in the twentieth century</i>, Routledge, 1994, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-415-05346-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-415-05346-4">ISBN: 978-0-415-05346-4</a>, pp. 24–25</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson2012315–316-187"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson2012315%E2%80%93316_187-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStevenson2012">Stevenson 2012</a>, pp.&nbsp;315–316.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson2012317-188"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson2012317_188-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStevenson2012">Stevenson 2012</a>, p.&nbsp;317.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994318-189"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert1994318_189-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGilbert1994">Gilbert 1994</a>, p.&nbsp;318.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrotelueschen200614–15-190"><b><a 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href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrotelueschen200644%E2%80%9346_192-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGrotelueschen2006">Grotelueschen 2006</a>, pp.&nbsp;44–46.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson2012403-193"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson2012403_193-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStevenson2012">Stevenson 2012</a>, p.&nbsp;403.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton2003124-194"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton2003124_194-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFClayton2003">Clayton 2003</a>, p.&nbsp;124.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton2003129-195"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton2003129_195-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFClayton2003">Clayton 2003</a>, p.&nbsp;129.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrachan2003244-196"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrachan2003244_196-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStrachan2003">Strachan 2003</a>, p.&nbsp;244.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInglis19952-197"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInglis19952_197-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFInglis1995">Inglis 1995</a>, p.&nbsp;2.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200766-198"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries200766_198-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p.&nbsp;66.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorne1964323-199"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorne1964323_199-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHorne1964">Horne 1964</a>, p.&nbsp;323.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton2003131-200"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton2003131_200-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFClayton2003">Clayton 2003</a>, p.&nbsp;131.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson2001163-201"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson2001163_201-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFErickson2001">Erickson 2001</a>, p.&nbsp;163.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-202"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-202">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Moore, A. Briscoe (<time datetime="1920">1920</time>). <i>The Mounted Riflemen in Sinai &amp; Palestine: The Story of New Zealand's Crusaders</i>. Christchurch: Whitcombe &amp; Tombs. p.&nbsp;67. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/156767391">156767391</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Mounted+Riflemen+in+Sinai+%26+Palestine%3A+The+Story+of+New+Zealand%27s+Crusaders&amp;rft.place=Christchurch&amp;rft.pages=67&amp;rft.pub=Whitcombe+%26+Tombs&amp;rft.date=1920&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F156767391&amp;rft.aulast=Moore&amp;rft.aufirst=A.+Briscoe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-203"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-203">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Falls, Cyril (<time datetime="1930">1930</time>). <i>Military Operations. Part I Egypt &amp; Palestine: Volume 2 From June 1917 to the End of the War</i>. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Maps compiled by A.F. Becke. Londra: HM Stationery Office. p.&nbsp;59. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1113542987">1113542987</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Military+Operations.+Part+I+Egypt+%26+Palestine%3A+Volume+2+From+June+1917+to+the+End+of+the+War&amp;rft.place=Londra&amp;rft.series=Official+History+of+the+Great+War+Based+on+Official+Documents+by+Direction+of+the+Historical+Section+of+the+Committee+of+Imperial+Defence&amp;rft.pages=59&amp;rft.pub=HM+Stationery+Office&amp;rft.date=1930&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1113542987&amp;rft.aulast=Falls&amp;rft.aufirst=Cyril&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-204"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-204">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell — pagină inexistentă">Wavell, Earl</a> (<time datetime="1968">1968</time>). „The Palestine Campaigns”. În Sheppard, Eric William. <i>A Short History of the British Army</i> (ed. 4th). London: Constable &amp; Co. pp.&nbsp;153–155. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35621223">35621223</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+Palestine+Campaigns&amp;rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+British+Army&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=153-155&amp;rft.edition=4th&amp;rft.pub=Constable+%26+Co.&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35621223&amp;rft.aulast=Wavell&amp;rft.aufirst=Earl&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parametru necunoscut <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|orig-date=</code> ignorat (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-205"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-205">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614214531/http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/jerusalemdecree.htm">„Text of the Decree of the Surrender of Jerusalem into British Control”</a>. First World War.com. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/jerusalemdecree.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-06-14">14 iunie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2015-05-13">13 mai 2015</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Text+of+the+Decree+of+the+Surrender+of+Jerusalem+into+British+Control&amp;rft.pub=First+World+War.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstworldwar.com%2Fsource%2Fjerusalemdecree.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-206"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-206">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bruce, Anthony (<time datetime="2002">2002</time>). <i>The Last Crusade: The Palestine Campaign in the First World War</i>. London: John Murray. p.&nbsp;162. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-7195-5432-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-7195-5432-2">978-0-7195-5432-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Last+Crusade%3A+The+Palestine+Campaign+in+the+First+World+War&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=162&amp;rft.pub=John+Murray&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7195-5432-2&amp;rft.aulast=Bruce&amp;rft.aufirst=Anthony&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-207"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-207">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120122815/http://firstworldwar.com/bio/kressenstein.htm">„Who's Who – Kress von Kressenstein”</a>. First World War.com. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/kressenstein.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2015-11-20">20 noiembrie 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2015-05-13">13 mai 2015</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+%E2%80%93+Kress+von+Kressenstein&amp;rft.pub=First+World+War.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstworldwar.com%2Fbio%2Fkressenstein.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-208"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-208">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227070027/http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/liman.htm">„Who's Who – Otto Liman von Sanders”</a>. First World War.com. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/liman.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-12-27">27 decembrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2015-05-13">13 mai 2015</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+%E2%80%93+Otto+Liman+von+Sanders&amp;rft.pub=First+World+War.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstworldwar.com%2Fbio%2Fliman.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson2001195-209"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson2001195_209-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFErickson2001">Erickson 2001</a>, p.&nbsp;195.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAyers1919104-210"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAyers1919104_210-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFAyers1919">Ayers 1919</a>, p.&nbsp;104.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyman1997146–147-211"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeyman1997146%E2%80%93147_211-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHeyman1997">Heyman 1997</a>, pp.&nbsp;146–147.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestwell2004-212"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestwell2004_212-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWestwell2004">Westwell 2004</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray199186-213"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray199186_213-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGray1991">Gray 1991</a>, p.&nbsp;86.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERickard2007-214"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERickard2007_214-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRickard2007">Rickard 2007</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-215"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-215">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Schreiber, Shane B. (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/shockarmyofbriti0000schr/mode/2up"><i>Shock Army of the British Empire: The Canadian Corps in the Last 100 Days of the Great War</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Necesită înregistrare gratuită"> <noscript> <img alt="Necesită înregistrare gratuită" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Necesită înregistrare gratuită" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></a></span>. St. Catharines, ON: Vanwell. p.&nbsp;50. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-55125-096-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-55125-096-0">978-1-55125-096-0</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57063659">57063659</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Shock+Army+of+the+British+Empire%3A+The+Canadian+Corps+in+the+Last+100+Days+of+the+Great+War&amp;rft.place=St.+Catharines%2C+ON&amp;rft.pages=50&amp;rft.pub=Vanwell&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57063659&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-55125-096-0&amp;rft.aulast=Schreiber&amp;rft.aufirst=Shane+B.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshockarmyofbriti0000schr%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parametru necunoscut <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|orig-date=</code> ignorat (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERickard2001-216"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERickard2001_216-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRickard2001">Rickard 2001</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-217"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-217">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brown, Malcolm (<time datetime="1999">1999</time>). <i>1918: Year of Victory</i>. London: Pan. p.&nbsp;190. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-330-37672-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-330-37672-3">978-0-330-37672-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=1918%3A+Year+of+Victory&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=190&amp;rft.pub=Pan&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-330-37672-3&amp;rft.aulast=Brown&amp;rft.aufirst=Malcolm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parametru necunoscut <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|orig-date=</code> ignorat (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Chron-FWW-218"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chron-FWW_218-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGrayArgyle1990">Gray &amp; Argyle 1990</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLellan49-219"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLellan49_219-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMcLellan">McLellan</a>, p.&nbsp;49.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie1997?-220"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie1997?_220-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFChristie1997">Christie 1997</a>, p.&nbsp;?.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-221"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-221">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923215523/http://militaryhistorynow.com/2017/09/21/knock-out-blow-at-dobro-polje-six-facts-about-the-obscure-battle-that-ended-ww1/">„The Battle of Dobro Polje – The Forgotten Balkan Skirmish That Ended WW1”</a>. <i>Militaryhistorynow.com</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://militaryhistorynow.com/2017/09/21/knock-out-blow-at-dobro-polje-six-facts-about-the-obscure-battle-that-ended-ww1/">original</a> la <time datetime="2017-09-23">23 septembrie 2017</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-11-21">21 noiembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Militaryhistorynow.com&amp;rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Dobro+Polje+%E2%80%93+The+Forgotten+Balkan+Skirmish+That+Ended+WW1&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmilitaryhistorynow.com%2F2017%2F09%2F21%2Fknock-out-blow-at-dobro-polje-six-facts-about-the-obscure-battle-that-ended-ww1%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-222"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-222">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223025225/https://historycollection.co/ten-facts-battle-dobro-polje-battle-led-allied-victory-world-war/9/">„The Germans Could no Longer Keep up the Fight”</a>. <i>historycollection.co</i>. <time datetime="2017-02-22">22 februarie 2017</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://historycollection.co/ten-facts-battle-dobro-polje-battle-led-allied-victory-world-war/9/">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-12-23">23 decembrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-11-21">21 noiembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=historycollection.co&amp;rft.atitle=The+Germans+Could+no+Longer+Keep+up+the+Fight&amp;rft.date=2017-02-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistorycollection.co%2Ften-facts-battle-dobro-polje-battle-led-allied-victory-world-war%2F9%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-indiana.edu-1918-223">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-indiana.edu-1918_223-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-indiana.edu-1918_223-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505134716/http://www.indiana.edu/~league/1918.htm">„1918 Timeline”</a>. <i>League of Nations Photo Archive</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.indiana.edu/~league/1918.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2016-05-05">5 mai 2016</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-11-20">20 noiembrie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=League+of+Nations+Photo+Archive&amp;rft.atitle=1918+Timeline&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiana.edu%2F~league%2F1918.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-224"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-224">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923215523/http://militaryhistorynow.com/2017/09/21/knock-out-blow-at-dobro-polje-six-facts-about-the-obscure-battle-that-ended-ww1/">„The Battle of Dobro Polje – The Forgotten Balkan Skirmish That Ended WW1”</a>. <i>Militaryhistorynow.com</i>. <time datetime="2017-09-21">21 septembrie 2017</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://militaryhistorynow.com/2017/09/21/knock-out-blow-at-dobro-polje-six-facts-about-the-obscure-battle-that-ended-ww1/">original</a> la <time datetime="2017-09-23">23 septembrie 2017</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-11-21">21 noiembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Militaryhistorynow.com&amp;rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Dobro+Polje+%E2%80%93+The+Forgotten+Balkan+Skirmish+That+Ended+WW1&amp;rft.date=2017-09-21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmilitaryhistorynow.com%2F2017%2F09%2F21%2Fknock-out-blow-at-dobro-polje-six-facts-about-the-obscure-battle-that-ended-ww1%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-225"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-225">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223025225/https://historycollection.co/ten-facts-battle-dobro-polje-battle-led-allied-victory-world-war/9/">„The Germans Could no Longer Keep up the Fight”</a>. <i>historycollection.com</i>. <time datetime="2017-02-22">22 februarie 2017</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://historycollection.co/ten-facts-battle-dobro-polje-battle-led-allied-victory-world-war/9/">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-12-23">23 decembrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-11-21">21 noiembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=historycollection.com&amp;rft.atitle=The+Germans+Could+no+Longer+Keep+up+the+Fight&amp;rft.date=2017-02-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistorycollection.co%2Ften-facts-battle-dobro-polje-battle-led-allied-victory-world-war%2F9%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAxelrod2018260-226"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAxelrod2018260_226-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFAxelrod2018">Axelrod 2018</a>, p.&nbsp;260.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-227"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-227">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Andrea di Michele (<time datetime="2014">2014</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002053915/http://www.agiati.it/UploadDocs/12255_Art_20_di_michele.pdf">„Trento, Bolzano e Innsbruck: l'occupazione militare italiana del Tirolo (1918–1920)”</a> [Trento, Bolzano and Innsbruck: The Italian Military Occupation of Tyrol (1918–1920)] <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Trento e Trieste. Percorsi degli Italiani d'Austria dal '48 all'annessione</i> (în italiană): 436–437. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.agiati.it/UploadDocs/12255_Art_20_di_michele.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2018-10-02">2 octombrie 2018</time>. <q>La forza numerica del contingente italiano variò con il passare dei mesi e al suo culmine raggiunse i 20–22.000 uomini. [The numerical strength of the Italian contingent varied with the passing of months and at its peak reached 20–22,000 men.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Trento+e+Trieste.+Percorsi+degli+Italiani+d%27Austria+dal+%2748+all%27annessione&amp;rft.atitle=Trento%2C+Bolzano+e+Innsbruck%3A+l%27occupazione+militare+italiana+del+Tirolo+%281918%E2%80%931920%29&amp;rft.pages=436-437&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.au=Andrea+di+Michele&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agiati.it%2FUploadDocs%2F12255_Art_20_di_michele.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-228"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-228">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827142334/http://www.compiegne.fr/decouvrir/clairierearmistice.asp">„Clairière de l'Armistice”</a> (în franceză). Ville de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compi%C3%A8gne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compiègne">Compiègne</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.compiegne.fr/decouvrir/clairierearmistice.asp">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-08-27">27 august 2007</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Clairi%C3%A8re+de+l%27Armistice&amp;rft.pub=Ville+de+Compi%C3%A8gne&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.compiegne.fr%2Fdecouvrir%2Fclairierearmistice.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson2004385-229"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson2004385_229-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStevenson2004">Stevenson 2004</a>, p.&nbsp;385.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-230"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-230">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">K. Kuhl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412035214/http://www.kurkuhl.de/docs/kieler_14punkte.pdf">„Die 14 Kieler Punkte”</a> [The Kiel 14 points] <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.kurkuhl.de/docs/kieler_14punkte.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2019-04-12">12 aprilie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2018-11-23">23 noiembrie 2018</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Die+14+Kieler+Punkte&amp;rft.au=K.+Kuhl&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurkuhl.de%2Fdocs%2Fkieler_14punkte.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-231"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-231">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dähnhardt, D. (<time datetime="1978">1978</time>). <i>Revolution in Kiel</i>. Neumünster: Karl Wachholtz Verlag. p.&nbsp;91. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-3-529-02636-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-3-529-02636-2">978-3-529-02636-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Revolution+in+Kiel&amp;rft.place=Neum%C3%BCnster&amp;rft.pages=91&amp;rft.pub=Karl+Wachholtz+Verlag&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-529-02636-2&amp;rft.aulast=D%C3%A4hnhardt&amp;rft.aufirst=D.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-232"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-232">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wolfram_Wette&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wolfram Wette — pagină inexistentă">Wette, Wolfram</a> (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). „Die Novemberrevolution – Kiel 1918”. În Fleischhauer; Turowski. <i>Kieler Erinnerungsorte</i>. Boyens.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Die+Novemberrevolution+%E2%80%93+Kiel+1918&amp;rft.btitle=Kieler+Erinnerungsorte&amp;rft.pub=Boyens&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.aulast=Wette&amp;rft.aufirst=Wolfram&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson2004383-233"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson2004383_233-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStevenson2004">Stevenson 2004</a>, p.&nbsp;383.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson2004Chapter_17-234"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson2004Chapter_17_234-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStevenson2004">Stevenson 2004</a>, Chapter 17.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-236"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-236">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7199127.stm">"France's oldest WWI veteran dies"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028021340/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7199127.stm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2016-10-28">28 octombrie 2016</time>, la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>BBC News</i>, 20 January 2008.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Tucker_2005_273-237">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Tucker_2005_273_237-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Tucker_2005_273_237-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Tucker_2005_273_237-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D2YqjfHLyyj8C%26pg%3DPA273">273</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-238"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-238">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hastedt, Glenn P. (<time datetime="2009">2009</time>). <i>Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy</i>. Infobase Publishing. p.&nbsp;483. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-4381-0989-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-4381-0989-3">978-1-4381-0989-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+American+Foreign+Policy&amp;rft.pages=483&amp;rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4381-0989-3&amp;rft.aulast=Hastedt&amp;rft.aufirst=Glenn+P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-239"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-239">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Murrin, John; Johnson, Paul; McPherson, James; Gerstle, Gary; Fahs, Alice (<time datetime="2010">2010</time>). <i>Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People</i>. <b>II</b>. Cengage Learning. p.&nbsp;622. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-495-90383-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-495-90383-3">978-0-495-90383-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Liberty%2C+Equality%2C+Power%3A+A+History+of+the+American+People&amp;rft.pages=622&amp;rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-495-90383-3&amp;rft.aulast=Murrin&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft.au=Johnson%2C+Paul&amp;rft.au=McPherson%2C+James&amp;rft.au=Gerstle%2C+Gary&amp;rft.au=Fahs%2C+Alice&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-240"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-240">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204011723/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res%3DF10B13F63C5D14738DDDAA0894DF405B818EF1D3">„Harding Ends War; Signs Peace Decree at Senator's Home. Thirty Persons Witness Momentous Act in Frelinghuysen Living Room at Raritan”</a>. <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <time datetime="1921-07-03">3 iulie 1921</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res%3DF10B13F63C5D14738DDDAA0894DF405B818EF1D3">original</a> la <time datetime="2013-12-04">4 decembrie 2013</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2017-09-18">18 septembrie 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Harding+Ends+War%3B+Signs+Peace+Decree+at+Senator%27s+Home.+Thirty+Persons+Witness+Momentous+Act+in+Frelinghuysen+Living+Room+at+Raritan&amp;rft.date=1921-07-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF10B13F63C5D14738DDDAA0894DF405B818EF1D3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-241"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-241">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGazette31773" class="citation 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=No.+31991&amp;rft.pages=7765-7766&amp;rft.date=1920-07-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F31991%2Fpage%2F7765&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-243"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-243">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGazette13627" class="citation magazine"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/13627/page/1924">„No. 13627”</a>. <i><a 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War Memorials Trust. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.warmemorials.org/uploads/publications/117.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2021-01-12">12 ianuarie 2021</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2021-01-04">4 ianuarie 2021</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Dates+on+war+memorials&amp;rft.pub=War+Memorials+Trust&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.warmemorials.org%2Fuploads%2Fpublications%2F117.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-247"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-247">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ide, Tobias; Bruch, Carl; Carius, Alexander; Conca, Ken; Dabelko, Geoffrey D.; Matthew, Richard; Weinthal, Erika (<time datetime="2021">2021</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129125540/https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/97/1/1/6041492?searchresult%3D1">„The past and future(s) of environmental peacebuilding”</a>. <i>International Affairs</i>. <b>97</b>: 1–16. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1093%252Fia%252Fiiaa177">10.1093/ia/iiaa177</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accesibil gratuit"> <noscript> <img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Accesibil gratuit" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span>. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2021-03-31">31 martie 2021</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Affairs&amp;rft.atitle=The+past+and+future%28s%29+of+environmental+peacebuilding&amp;rft.volume=97&amp;rft.pages=1-16&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fia%2Fiiaa177&amp;rft.aulast=Ide&amp;rft.aufirst=Tobias&amp;rft.au=Bruch%2C+Carl&amp;rft.au=Carius%2C+Alexander&amp;rft.au=Conca%2C+Ken&amp;rft.au=Dabelko%2C+Geoffrey+D.&amp;rft.au=Matthew%2C+Richard&amp;rft.au=Weinthal%2C+Erika&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fia%2Farticle%2F97%2F1%2F1%2F6041492%3Fsearchresult%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagliveras19998–12-248"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagliveras19998%E2%80%9312_248-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMagliveras1999">Magliveras 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;8–12.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorthedge198635–36-249"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorthedge198635%E2%80%9336_249-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFNorthedge1986">Northedge 1986</a>, pp.&nbsp;35–36.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-250"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-250">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Morrow, John H. 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Harvard U.P. p.&nbsp;204.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Germany%3A+A+New+History&amp;rft.pages=204&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+U.P.&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.aulast=Schulze&amp;rft.aufirst=Hagen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB84ZaAdGbS4C%26pg%3DPA204&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-252"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-252">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ypersele, Laurence Van (<time datetime="2012">2012</time>). „Mourning and Memory, 1919–45”. În Horne, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DEjZHLXRKjtEC%26pg%3DPA584"><i>A Companion to World War I</i></a>. Wiley. p.&nbsp;584.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Mourning+and+Memory%2C+1919%E2%80%9345&amp;rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+World+War+I&amp;rft.pages=584&amp;rft.pub=Wiley&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.aulast=Ypersele&amp;rft.aufirst=Laurence+Van&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEjZHLXRKjtEC%26pg%3DPA584&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-253"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-253">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029211408/http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~ethomp/The%2520Surrogate%2520Hegemon.pdf">„The Surrogate Hegemon in Polish Postcolonial Discourse Ewa Thompson, Rice University”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~ethomp/The%2520Surrogate%2520Hegemon.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2013-10-29">29 octombrie 2013</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-10-27">27 octombrie 2013</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Surrogate+Hegemon+in+Polish+Postcolonial+Discourse+Ewa+Thompson%2C+Rice+University&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.owlnet.rice.edu%2F~ethomp%2FThe%2520Surrogate%2520Hegemon.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-254"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-254">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103140810/http://open-site.org/Regional/Europe/Hungary">„Open-Site:Hungary”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://open-site.org/Regional/Europe/Hungary">original</a> la <time datetime="2022-01-03">3 ianuarie 2022</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2022-01-11">11 ianuarie 2022</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Open-Site%3AHungary&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopen-site.org%2FRegional%2FEurope%2FHungary&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Frucht,_p._356-255"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Frucht,_p._356_255-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Frucht, p. 356.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-256"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-256">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kocsis, Károly; Hodosi, Eszter Kocsisné (<time datetime="1998">1998</time>). <i>Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin</i>. Geographical Research Institute, Research Centre and Earth Sciences. p.&nbsp;19. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-963-7395-84-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-963-7395-84-0">978-963-7395-84-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ethnic+Geography+of+the+Hungarian+Minorities+in+the+Carpathian+Basin&amp;rft.pages=19&amp;rft.pub=Geographical+Research+Institute%2C+Research+Centre+and+Earth+Sciences&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-963-7395-84-0&amp;rft.aulast=Kocsis&amp;rft.aufirst=K%C3%A1roly&amp;rft.au=Hodosi%2C+Eszter+Kocsisn%C3%A9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark1927-257"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark1927_257-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFClark1927">Clark 1927</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-258"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-258">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916183729/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/07/27/102727338.pdf">„Appeals to Americans to Pray for Serbians”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <time datetime="1918-07-27">27 iulie 1918</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/07/27/102727338.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2018-09-16">16 septembrie 2018</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2018-06-12">12 iunie 2018</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Appeals+to+Americans+to+Pray+for+Serbians&amp;rft.date=1918-07-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1918%2F07%2F27%2F102727338.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-259"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-259">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916183845/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/11/05/98273895.pdf">„Serbia Restored”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <time datetime="1918-11-05">5 noiembrie 1918</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/11/05/98273895.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2018-09-16">16 septembrie 2018</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2018-06-12">12 iunie 2018</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Serbia+Restored&amp;rft.date=1918-11-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1918%2F11%2F05%2F98273895.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-260"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-260">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Simpson, Matt (<time datetime="2009-08-22">22 august 2009</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427065927/http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/minorpowers_serbia.htm">„The Minor Powers During World War One&nbsp;– Serbia”</a>. firstworldwar.com. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/minorpowers_serbia.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2010-04-27">27 aprilie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-05-27">27 mai 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Minor+Powers+During+World+War+One+%E2%80%93+Serbia&amp;rft.pub=firstworldwar.com&amp;rft.date=2009-08-22&amp;rft.aulast=Simpson&amp;rft.aufirst=Matt&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstworldwar.com%2Ffeatures%2Fminorpowers_serbia.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-261"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-261">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Cas Mudde. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DbNp6CAlMMcUC%26dq%3D%2522term%2Bgreater%2Bromania%2522%26pg%3DPA190"><i>Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515100954/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DbNp6CAlMMcUC%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522term%2520greater%2520romania%2522%26f%3Dfalse">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2016-05-15">15 mai 2016</time>, la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-262"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-262">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715010040/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res%3D9400E1DD113FE233A25755C2A9629C946796D6CF%26scp%3D12%26sq%3DNew%2BZealand%2Banzac%26st%3Dp">„<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>ANZAC Day' in London; King, Queen, and General Birdwood at Services in Abbey”</a>. <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <time datetime="1916-04-26">26 aprilie 1916</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.nytimes.com/1916/04/26/archives/anzac-day-in-london-king-queen-and-general-birdwood-at-services-in.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2016-07-15">15 iulie 2016</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2018-07-25">25 iulie 2018</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=%27ANZAC+Day%27+in+London%3B+King%2C+Queen%2C+and+General+Birdwood+at+Services+in+Abbey&amp;rft.date=1916-04-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1916%2F04%2F26%2Farchives%2Fanzac-day-in-london-king-queen-and-general-birdwood-at-services-in.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-awmtradition-263"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-awmtradition_263-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Australian War Memorial. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501163212/http://www.awm.gov.au/commemoration/anzac/anzac_tradition.asp">„The ANZAC Day tradition”</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Australian_War_Memorial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Australian War Memorial — pagină inexistentă">Australian War Memorial</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782783" class="extiw" title="d:Q782783"><span title="Australian War Memorial la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.awm.gov.au/commemoration/anzac/anzac_tradition.asp">original</a> la <time datetime="2008-05-01">1 mai 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-05-02">2 mai 2008</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+ANZAC+Day+tradition&amp;rft.pub=%3AAustralian+War+Memorial%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Australian+War+Memorial+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&amp;rft.au=Australian+War+Memorial&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fcommemoration%2Fanzac%2Fanzac_tradition.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-264"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-264">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,451140,00.html">"The Diaspora Welcomes the Pope"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604185021/http://www.spiegel.de/international/0%252C1518%252C451140%252C00.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-06-04">4 iunie 2012</time>, la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>Der Spiegel</i> Online. 28 November 2006.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-265"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-265">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R.J._Rummel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="R.J. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2017-02-23">23 februarie 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=A+Few+Words+in+Greek+Tell+of+a+Homeland+Lost&amp;rft.date=2000-09-17&amp;rft.aulast=Hedges&amp;rft.aufirst=Chris&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F09%2F17%2Fnyregion%2Fa-few-words-in-greek-tell-of-a-homeland-lost.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKitchen200022-267"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitchen200022_267-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKitchen2000">Kitchen 2000</a>, p.&nbsp;22.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-268"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-268">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Sévillia, Jean, Histoire Passionnée de la France, 2013, p. 395</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward1993166-269"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1993166_269-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHoward1993">Howard 1993</a>, p.&nbsp;166.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaadi2009-270"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaadi2009_270-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSaadi2009">Saadi 2009</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETschanz-271"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETschanz_271-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTschanz">Tschanz</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoblerMackMahmoudLemon2005-272"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnoblerMackMahmoudLemon2005_272-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKnoblerMackMahmoudLemon2005">Knobler et al. 2005</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ansart_et_al._2009-273"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ansart_et_al._2009_273-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ansart, Séverine; 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Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.denix.osd.mil/rcwmprogram/history/">original</a> la <time datetime="2024-03-01">1 martie 2024</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2024-03-01">1 martie 2024</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.denix.osd.mil&amp;rft.atitle=History+of+United+States%27+Involvement+in+Chemical+Warfare&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denix.osd.mil%2Frcwmprogram%2Fhistory%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-AJPH-279">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AJPH_279-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AJPH_279-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AJPH_279-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AJPH_279-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Fitzgerald, Gerard (aprilie 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2376985">„Chemical Warfare and Medical Response During World War I”</a>. <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=American_Journal_of_Public_Health&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="American Journal of Public Health — pagină inexistentă">American Journal of Public Health</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4744266" class="extiw" title="d:Q4744266"><span title="American Journal of Public Health la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i>. <b>98</b> (4): 611–625. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.2105%252FAJPH.2007.11930">10.2105/AJPH.2007.11930</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accesibil gratuit"> <noscript> <img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Accesibil gratuit" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed_Central?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&nbsp;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2376985">2376985</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accesibil gratuit"> <noscript> <img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Accesibil gratuit" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356568">18356568</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%3AAmerican+Journal+of+Public+Health%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22American+Journal+of+Public+Health+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&amp;rft.atitle=Chemical+Warfare+and+Medical+Response+During+World+War+I&amp;rft.volume=98&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=611-625&amp;rft.date=2008-04&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2376985&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18356568&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2105%2FAJPH.2007.11930&amp;rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerard&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2376985&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-280"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-280">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Schneider, Barry R. (<time datetime="1999-02-28">28 februarie 1999</time>). <i>Future War and Counterproliferation: US Military Responses to NBC</i>. Praeger. p.&nbsp;84. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-275-96278-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-275-96278-4">978-0-275-96278-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Future+War+and+Counterproliferation%3A+US+Military+Responses+to+NBC&amp;rft.pages=84&amp;rft.pub=Praeger&amp;rft.date=1999-02-28&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-275-96278-4&amp;rft.aulast=Schneider&amp;rft.aufirst=Barry+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-281"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-281">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Taylor, Telford (<time datetime="1993">1993</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/anatomyofnuremb00tayl/page/34"><i>The Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials: A Personal Memoir</i></a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Little, Brown and Company">Little, Brown and Company</a>. p.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/anatomyofnuremb00tayl/page/34">34</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-316-83400-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-316-83400-1">978-0-316-83400-1</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-06-20">20 iunie 2013</time></span> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Anatomy+of+the+Nuremberg+Trials%3A+A+Personal+Memoir&amp;rft.pages=34&amp;rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-316-83400-1&amp;rft.aulast=Taylor&amp;rft.aufirst=Telford&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanatomyofnuremb00tayl%2Fpage%2F34&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-282"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-282">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Graham, Thomas; Lavera, Damien J. (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D0PYx0j3wRvAC%26pg%3DPA7"><i>Cornerstones of Security: Arms Control Treaties in the Nuclear Era</i></a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=University_of_Washington_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="University of Washington Press — pagină inexistentă">University of Washington Press</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3551360" class="extiw" title="d:Q3551360"><span title="University of Washington Press la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. pp.&nbsp;7–9. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-295-98296-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-295-98296-0">978-0-295-98296-0</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-07-05">5 iulie 2013</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Cornerstones+of+Security%3A+Arms+Control+Treaties+in+the+Nuclear+Era&amp;rft.pages=7-9&amp;rft.pub=%3AUniversity+of+Washington+Press%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22University+of+Washington+Press+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-295-98296-0&amp;rft.aulast=Graham&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas&amp;rft.au=Lavera%2C+Damien+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0PYx0j3wRvAC%26pg%3DPA7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-283"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-283">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Henry Morgenthau (<time datetime="1918">1918</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612014938/http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/comment/morgenthau/Morgen25.htm">„XXV: Talaat Tells Why He "Deports" the Armenians”</a>. <i>Ambassador Mogenthau's story</i>. Brigham Young University. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/comment/morgenthau/Morgen25.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2012-06-12">12 iunie 2012</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2012-06-06">6 iunie 2012</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=XXV%3A+Talaat+Tells+Why+He+%22Deports%22+the+Armenians&amp;rft.btitle=Ambassador+Mogenthau%27s+story&amp;rft.pub=Brigham+Young+University&amp;rft.date=1918&amp;rft.au=Henry+Morgenthau&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnet.lib.byu.edu%2F~rdh7%2Fwwi%2Fcomment%2Fmorgenthau%2FMorgen25.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-IAGSletter-284">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IAGSletter_284-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IAGSletter_284-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=International_Association_of_Genocide_Scholars&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="International Association of Genocide Scholars — pagină inexistentă">International Association of Genocide Scholars</a> (<time datetime="2005-06-13">13 iunie 2005</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006024502/http://www.genocidewatch.org/TurkishPMIAGSOpenLetterreArmenia6-13-05.htm">„Open Letter to the Prime Minister of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.genocidewatch.org/TurkishPMIAGSOpenLetterreArmenia6-13-05.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-10-06">6 octombrie 2007</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Open+Letter+to+the+Prime+Minister+of+Turkey+Recep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan&amp;rft.date=2005-06-13&amp;rft.au=International+Association+of+Genocide+Scholars&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genocidewatch.org%2FTurkishPMIAGSOpenLetterreArmenia6-13-05.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-leverkun-285"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-leverkun_285-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Vartparonian, Paul Leverkuehn; Kaiser (<time datetime="2008">2008</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326152834/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_hItAQAAIAAJ"><i>A German officer during the Armenian genocide: a biography of Max von Scheubner-Richter</i></a>. translated by Alasdair Lean; with a preface by Jorge and a historical introduction by Hilmar. London: Taderon Press for the Gomidas Institute. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-903656-81-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-903656-81-5">978-1-903656-81-5</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_hItAQAAIAAJ">original</a> la <time datetime="2017-03-26">26 martie 2017</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-14">14 mai 2016</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+German+officer+during+the+Armenian+genocide%3A+a+biography+of+Max+von+Scheubner-Richter&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Taderon+Press+for+the+Gomidas+Institute&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-903656-81-5&amp;rft.aulast=Vartparonian&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul+Leverkuehn&amp;rft.au=Kaiser&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_hItAQAAIAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson2006177-286"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson2006177_286-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFerguson2006">Ferguson 2006</a>, p.&nbsp;177.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-287"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-287">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171010071506/http://www.genocidescholars.org/sites/default/files/document%2509%255Bcurrent-page%253A1%255D/documents/US%2520Congress_%2520Armenian%2520Resolution.pdf">„International Association of Genocide Scholars”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.genocidescholars.org/sites/default/files/document%2509%255Bcurrent-page%253A1%255D/documents/US%2520Congress_%2520Armenian%2520Resolution.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2017-10-10">10 octombrie 2017</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-03-12">12 martie 2013</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=International+Association+of+Genocide+Scholars&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genocidescholars.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocument%2509%255Bcurrent-page%253A1%255D%2Fdocuments%2FUS%2520Congress_%2520Armenian%2520Resolution.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFromkin1989212–215-288"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFromkin1989212%E2%80%93215_288-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFromkin1989">Fromkin 1989</a>, pp.&nbsp;212–215.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-289"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-289">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">International Association of Genocide Scholars. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005726/http://genocidescholars.org/images/Resolution_on_genocides_committed_by_the_Ottoman_Empire.pdf">„Resolution on genocides committed by the Ottoman empire”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.genocidescholars.org/images/Resolution_on_genocides_committed_by_the_Ottoman_Empire.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2008-04-22">22 aprilie 2008</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Resolution+on+genocides+committed+by+the+Ottoman+empire&amp;rft.au=International+Association+of+Genocide+Scholars&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genocidescholars.org%2Fimages%2FResolution_on_genocides_committed_by_the_Ottoman_Empire.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-290"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-290">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gaunt, David (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D4mug9LrpLKcC"><i>Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I</i></a>. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Massacres%2C+Resistance%2C+Protectors%3A+Muslim-Christian+Relations+in+Eastern+Anatolia+during+World+War+I&amp;rft.place=Piscataway%2C+New+Jersey&amp;rft.pub=Gorgias+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.aulast=Gaunt&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4mug9LrpLKcC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup>[<i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-291"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-291">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Schaller, Dominik J.; Zimmerer, Jürgen (<time datetime="2008">2008</time>). „Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies&nbsp;– introduction”. <i>Journal of Genocide Research</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 7–14. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1080%252F14623520801950820">10.1080/14623520801950820</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Late+Ottoman+genocides%3A+the+dissolution+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+and+Young+Turkish+population+and+extermination+policies+%E2%80%93+introduction&amp;rft.volume=10&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=7-14&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623520801950820&amp;rft.aulast=Schaller&amp;rft.aufirst=Dominik+J.&amp;rft.au=Zimmerer%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-292"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-292">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Whitehorn, Alan (<time datetime="2015">2015</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801142141/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D0vrnCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA218"><i>The Armenian Genocide: The Essential Reference Guide: The Essential Reference Guide</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp.&nbsp;83, 218. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-61069-688-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-61069-688-3">978-1-61069-688-3</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D0vrnCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA218">original</a> la <time datetime="2020-08-01">1 august 2020</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2018-11-11">11 noiembrie 2018</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Armenian+Genocide%3A+The+Essential+Reference+Guide%3A+The+Essential+Reference+Guide&amp;rft.pages=83%2C+218&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-61069-688-3&amp;rft.aulast=Whitehorn&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0vrnCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA218&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillimoreBellot19194–64-293"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillimoreBellot19194%E2%80%9364_293-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFPhillimoreBellot1919">Phillimore &amp; Bellot 1919</a>, pp.&nbsp;4–64.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1999368–369-294"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1999368%E2%80%93369_294-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFerguson1999">Ferguson 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;368–369.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20052733-295"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20052733_295-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;2733.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-296"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-296">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711001905/http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/vhp/search?query%3D%26field%3Dall%26war%3Dworldwari">„Search Results (+(war:"worldwari")): Veterans History Project”</a>. American Folklife Center, Library of Congress. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/vhp/search?query%3D%26field%3Dall%26war%3Dworldwari">original</a> la <time datetime="2017-07-11">11 iulie 2017</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2017-05-23">23 mai 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Search+Results+%28%2B%28war%3A%22worldwari%22%29%29%3A+Veterans+History+Project&amp;rft.pub=American+Folklife+Center%2C+Library+of+Congress&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fdiglib%2Fvhp%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3D%26field%3Dall%26war%3Dworldwari&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHavighurst1985131-297"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHavighurst1985131_297-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHavighurst1985">Havighurst 1985</a>, p.&nbsp;131.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-298"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-298">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ward, Alan J. (<time datetime="1974">1974</time>). „Lloyd George and the 1918 Irish conscription crisis”. <i>Historical Journal</i>. <b>17</b> (1): 107–129. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0018246X00005689">10.1017/S0018246X00005689</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Historical+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Lloyd+George+and+the+1918+Irish+conscription+crisis&amp;rft.volume=17&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=107-129&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X00005689&amp;rft.aulast=Ward&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-299"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-299">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">J.M. Main, <i>Conscription: the Australian debate, 1901–1970</i> (1970) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:338722">abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.today/20150707113023/http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:338722">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2015-07-07">7 iulie 2015</time>, la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archive.is?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.is">Archive.is</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-parl-300"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-parl_300-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215065914/https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1415/ComParl">„Commonwealth Parliament from 1901 to World War I”</a>. Parliament of Australia. <time datetime="2015-05-04">4 mai 2015</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1415/ComParl">original</a> la <time datetime="2018-12-15">15 decembrie 2018</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2018-12-15">15 decembrie 2018</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Commonwealth+Parliament+from+1901+to+World+War+I&amp;rft.date=2015-05-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FAbout_Parliament%2FParliamentary_Departments%2FParliamentary_Library%2Fpubs%2Frp%2Frp1415%2FComParl&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-301"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-301">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713134338/http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP12CH2PA3LE.html">„The Conscription Crisis”</a>. CBC. <time datetime="2001">2001</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP12CH2PA3LE.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2014-07-13">13 iulie 2014</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2014-08-14">14 august 2014</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+Conscription+Crisis&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fhistory%2FEPISCONTENTSE1EP12CH2PA3LE.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-302"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-302">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Chelmsford, J.E. "Clergy and Man-Power", <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> 15 April 1918, p. 12</span></li> <li id="cite_note-303"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-303">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Chambers, John Whiteclay (<time datetime="1987">1987</time>). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/toraisearmydr00cham"><i>To Raise an Army: The Draft Comes to Modern America</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Necesită înregistrare gratuită"> <noscript> <img alt="Necesită înregistrare gratuită" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Necesită înregistrare gratuită" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></a></span>. New York: The Free Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-02-905820-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-02-905820-6">978-0-02-905820-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=To+Raise+an+Army%3A+The+Draft+Comes+to+Modern+America&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=The+Free+Press&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-02-905820-6&amp;rft.aulast=Chambers&amp;rft.aufirst=John+Whiteclay&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftoraisearmydr00cham&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-304"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-304">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Zinn, Howard (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=A_People's_History_of_the_United_States&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="A People's History of the United States — pagină inexistentă">A People's History of the United States</a></i>. Harper Collins. p.&nbsp;134. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780060528423?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9780060528423">9780060528423</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+People%27s+History+of+the+United+States&amp;rft.pages=134&amp;rft.pub=Harper+Collins&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=9780060528423&amp;rft.aulast=Zinn&amp;rft.aufirst=Howard&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-kepplinger-305"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-kepplinger_305-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Kepplinger, Hans Mathias <i>et al.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.jstor.org/pss/3650646">"Instrumental Actualization: A Theory of Mediated Conflicts,"</a> <i>European Journal of Communication,</i> Vol. 6, No. 3, 263-290 (1991).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-306"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-306">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Noakes, Lucy (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <i>Women in the British Army: War and the Gentle Sex, 1907–1948</i>. Abingdon, England: Routledge. p.&nbsp;48. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-415-39056-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-415-39056-9">978-0-415-39056-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Women+in+the+British+Army%3A+War+and+the+Gentle+Sex%2C+1907%E2%80%931948&amp;rft.place=Abingdon%2C+England&amp;rft.pages=48&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-39056-9&amp;rft.aulast=Noakes&amp;rft.aufirst=Lucy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-308"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-308">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Cosgrave, Jenny (<time datetime="2015-03-10">10 martie 2015</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320194802/https://www.cnbc.com/2015/03/09/uk-finally-finishes-paying-for-world-war-i.html">„UK finally finishes paying for World War I”</a>. <i>CNBC</i> (în engleză). Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/03/09/uk-finally-finishes-paying-for-world-war-i.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2023-03-20">20 martie 2023</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2023-03-20">20 martie 2023</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CNBC&amp;rft.atitle=UK+finally+finishes+paying+for+World+War+I&amp;rft.date=2015-03-10&amp;rft.aulast=Cosgrave&amp;rft.aufirst=Jenny&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2015%2F03%2F09%2Fuk-finally-finishes-paying-for-world-war-i.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen1938cxxvi-309"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen1938cxxvi_309-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGreen1938">Green 1938</a>, p.&nbsp;cxxvi.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-310"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-310">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Anton Kaes; Martin Jay; Edward Dimendberg, ed. (<time datetime="1994">1994</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115140046/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DJ4A1gt4-VCsC%26pg%3DPA8">„The Treaty of Versailles: The Reparations Clauses”</a>. <i>The Weimar Republic Sourcebook</i>. University of California Press. p.&nbsp;8. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-520-90960-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-520-90960-1">978-0-520-90960-1</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DJ4A1gt4-VCsC%26pg%3DPA8">original</a> la <time datetime="2016-01-15">15 ianuarie 2016</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2015-12-11">11 decembrie 2015</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+Treaty+of+Versailles%3A+The+Reparations+Clauses&amp;rft.btitle=The+Weimar+Republic+Sourcebook&amp;rft.pages=8&amp;rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-520-90960-1&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ4A1gt4-VCsC%26pg%3DPA8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-311"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-311">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMarks1978">Marks 1978</a>, pp.&nbsp;231–232. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Marks237-312">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Marks237_312-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Marks237_312-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMarks1978">Marks 1978</a>, p.&nbsp;237. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-313"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-313">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMarks1978">Marks 1978</a>, pp.&nbsp;223–234. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-314"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-314">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stone, Norman (<time datetime="2008">2008</time>). <i>World War One: A Short History</i>. London: Penguin. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-14-103156-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-14-103156-9">978-0-14-103156-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=World+War+One%3A+A+Short+History&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Penguin&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-14-103156-9&amp;rft.aulast=Stone&amp;rft.aufirst=Norman&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-315"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-315">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMarks1978">Marks 1978</a>, p.&nbsp;233. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-316"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-316">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Hall, Allan (<time datetime="2010-09-28">28 septembrie 2010</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/8029948/First-World-War-officially-ends.html">„First World War officially ends”</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. Berlin. Arhivat din <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/8029948/First-World-War-officially-ends.html">original<span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Necesită abonament cu plată"> <noscript> <img alt="Necesită abonament cu plată" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png" data-alt="Necesită abonament cu plată" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/14px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/18px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></a></span> la <time datetime="2022-01-10">10 ianuarie 2022</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2017-03-15">15 martie 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&amp;rft.atitle=First+World+War+officially+ends&amp;rft.date=2010-09-28&amp;rft.aulast=Hall&amp;rft.aufirst=Allan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fgermany%2F8029948%2FFirst-World-War-officially-ends.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-317"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-317">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Suddath, Claire (<time datetime="2010-10-04">4 octombrie 2010</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005193702/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2023140,00.html">„Why Did World War I Just End?”</a>. <i>Time</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2023140,00.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2010-10-05">5 octombrie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-07-01">1 iulie 2013</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Time&amp;rft.atitle=Why+Did+World+War+I+Just+End%3F&amp;rft.date=2010-10-04&amp;rft.aulast=Suddath&amp;rft.aufirst=Claire&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C2023140%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-318"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-318">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316204156/http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2010/09/30/world-war-i-to-finally-end-this-weekend/">„World War I to finally end for Germany this weekend”</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <time datetime="2010-09-30">30 septembrie 2010</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2010/09/30/world-war-i-to-finally-end-this-weekend/">original</a> la <time datetime="2017-03-16">16 martie 2017</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2017-03-15">15 martie 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CNN&amp;rft.atitle=World+War+I+to+finally+end+for+Germany+this+weekend&amp;rft.date=2010-09-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.blogs.cnn.com%2F2010%2F09%2F30%2Fworld-war-i-to-finally-end-this-weekend%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-319"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-319">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">MacMillan, Margaret (<time datetime="2010-12-25">25 decembrie 2010</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316113814/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/26/opinion/26macmillan.html">„Ending the War to End All Wars”</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/26/opinion/26macmillan.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2017-03-16">16 martie 2017</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2017-03-15">15 martie 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Ending+the+War+to+End+All+Wars&amp;rft.date=2010-12-25&amp;rft.aulast=MacMillan&amp;rft.aufirst=Margaret&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F12%2F26%2Fopinion%2F26macmillan.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESouter2000354-321"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouter2000354_321-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSouter2000">Souter 2000</a>, p.&nbsp;354.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-npr-322">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-npr_322-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-npr_322-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430115407/https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId%3D521792062">„From Wristwatches To Radio, How World War I Ushered in the Modern World”</a>. NPR. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId%3D521792062">original</a> la <time datetime="2018-04-30">30 aprilie 2018</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2018-04-05">5 aprilie 2018</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=From+Wristwatches+To+Radio%2C+How+World+War+I+Ushered+in+the+Modern+World&amp;rft.pub=NPR&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Ftranscript%2Ftranscript.php%3FstoryId%3D521792062&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20051189-323"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20051189_323-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;1189.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-324">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated3_324-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated3_324-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;1001. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005117-325"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005117_325-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;117.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-326"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-326">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mukhtar, Mohammed (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413230529/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DDPwOsOcNy5YC%26q%3Diyasu%2Bdervish%26pg%3DPA126"><i>Historical Dictionary of Somalia</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. p.&nbsp;126. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8108-6604-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8108-6604-1">978-0-8108-6604-1</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DDPwOsOcNy5YC%26pg%3DPA126%26q%3Diyasu%2Bdervish">original</a> la <time datetime="2021-04-13">13 aprilie 2021</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2017-02-28">28 februarie 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Somalia&amp;rft.pages=126&amp;rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6604-1&amp;rft.aulast=Mukhtar&amp;rft.aufirst=Mohammed&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDPwOsOcNy5YC%26pg%3DPA126%26q%3Diyasu%2Bdervish&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-327"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-327">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413121137/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-37428682">„How Ethiopian prince scuppered Germany's WW1 plans”</a>. BBC News. <time datetime="2016-09-25">25 septembrie 2016</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-37428682">original</a> la <time datetime="2020-04-13">13 aprilie 2020</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2017-02-28">28 februarie 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=How+Ethiopian+prince+scuppered+Germany%27s+WW1+plans&amp;rft.date=2016-09-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-37428682&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-328"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-328">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ficquet, Éloi (<time datetime="2014">2014</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413230422/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrMj7AgAAQBAJ%26q%3Diyasu%2Balleged%2Bconversion%26pg%3DPA185"><i>The Life and Times of Lïj Iyasu of Ethiopia: New Insights</i></a>. LIT Verlag Münster. p.&nbsp;185. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-3-643-90476-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-3-643-90476-8">978-3-643-90476-8</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrMj7AgAAQBAJ%26q%3Diyasu%2Balleged%2Bconversion%26pg%3DPA185">original</a> la <time datetime="2021-04-13">13 aprilie 2021</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2020-11-22">22 noiembrie 2020</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+L%C3%AFj+Iyasu+of+Ethiopia%3A+New+Insights&amp;rft.pages=185&amp;rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-643-90476-8&amp;rft.aulast=Ficquet&amp;rft.aufirst=%C3%89loi&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrMj7AgAAQBAJ%26q%3Diyasu%2Balleged%2Bconversion%26pg%3DPA185&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-329"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-329">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Zewde, Bahru. <i>A history</i>. p.&nbsp;126.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+history&amp;rft.pages=126&amp;rft.aulast=Zewde&amp;rft.aufirst=Bahru&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-330"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-330">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ficquet, Éloi (<time datetime="2014">2014</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414020557/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrMj7AgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbahru%2Bzewde%2Bdoctored%2Bphoto%26pg%3DPA62"><i>The Life and Times of Lïj Iyasu of Ethiopia: New Insights</i></a>. LIT Verlag Münster. p.&nbsp;62. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-3-643-90476-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-3-643-90476-8">978-3-643-90476-8</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrMj7AgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbahru%2Bzewde%2Bdoctored%2Bphoto%26pg%3DPA62">original</a> la <time datetime="2021-04-14">14 aprilie 2021</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2020-11-22">22 noiembrie 2020</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+L%C3%AFj+Iyasu+of+Ethiopia%3A+New+Insights&amp;rft.pages=62&amp;rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-643-90476-8&amp;rft.aulast=Ficquet&amp;rft.aufirst=%C3%89loi&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrMj7AgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbahru%2Bzewde%2Bdoctored%2Bphoto%26pg%3DPA62&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20051069-331"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts20051069_331-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;1069.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005884-332"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005884_332-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;884.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005335-333"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005335_333-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;335.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005219-334"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005219_334-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;219.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005209-335"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005209_335-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;209.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated6-336">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated6_336-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated6_336-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;596. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005826-337"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005826_337-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;826.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-338"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-338">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Denis_Mack_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Denis Mack Smith — pagină inexistentă">Denis Mack Smith</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1604679" class="extiw" title="d:Q1604679"><span title="Denis Mack Smith la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. 1997. <i>Modern Italy: A Political History</i>. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. p. 284.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-339"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-339">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616072636/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TAWC19390922.2.37">„No Immediate Need. Te Awamutu Courier”</a>. <i>paperspast.natlib.govt.nz</i>. <time datetime="22">22 d.Hr.</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TAWC19390922.2.37">original</a> la <time datetime="2022-06-16">16 iunie 2022</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2022-06-16">16 iunie 2022</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz&amp;rft.atitle=No+Immediate+Need.+Te+Awamutu+Courier&amp;rft.date=1939-09-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FTAWC19390922.2.37&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-340"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-340">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806215043/https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2-1Hom-c4.html">„Chapter 4 – Response from the Home Front”</a>. <i>nzetc.victoria.ac.nz</i>. <time datetime="1986">1986</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2-1Hom-c4.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2022-08-06">6 august 2022</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2022-06-16">16 iunie 2022</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=nzetc.victoria.ac.nz&amp;rft.atitle=Chapter+4+%E2%80%93+Response+from+the+Home+Front&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzetc.victoria.ac.nz%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2Ftei-WH2-1Hom-c4.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-341"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-341">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519045102/https://oag.parliament.nz/2005/copy_of_2003-04/part5-2.htm">„5.2: Provincial patriotic councils”</a>. <i>Office of the Auditor-General New Zealand</i> (în engleză). <time datetime="2005">2005</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oag.parliament.nz/2005/copy_of_2003-04/part5-2.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2022-05-19">19 mai 2022</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2022-06-16">16 iunie 2022</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Auditor-General+New+Zealand&amp;rft.atitle=5.2%3A+Provincial+patriotic+councils&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foag.parliament.nz%2F2005%2Fcopy_of_2003-04%2Fpart5-2.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Karp-PoW-1979-342"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Karp-PoW-1979_342-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKarp1979">Karp 1979</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-343"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-343">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pennell, Catriona (<time datetime="2012">2012</time>). <i>A Kingdom United: Popular Responses to the Outbreak of the First World War in Britain and Ireland</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-19-959058-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-19-959058-2">978-0-19-959058-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Kingdom+United%3A+Popular+Responses+to+the+Outbreak+of+the+First+World+War+in+Britain+and+Ireland&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-959058-2&amp;rft.aulast=Pennell&amp;rft.aufirst=Catriona&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005584-344"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005584_344-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, p.&nbsp;584.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-345"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-345">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">O'Halpin, Eunan, <i>The Decline of the Union: British Government in Ireland, 1892–1920</i>, (Dublin, 1987)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELehmannvan_der_Veer199962-346"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehmannvan_der_Veer199962_346-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLehmannvan_der_Veer1999">Lehmann &amp; van der Veer 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;62.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-347"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-347">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Brock, Peter, <i>These Strange Criminals: An Anthology of Prison Memoirs by Conscientious Objectors to Military Service from the Great War to the Cold War</i>, p. 14, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8020-8707-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8020-8707-2">ISBN: 978-0-8020-8707-2</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-348"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-348">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207220011/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-25749290">„Winchester Whisperer: The secret newspaper made by jailed pacifists”</a>. <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BBC_News?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <time datetime="2014-02-24">24 februarie 2014</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-25749290">original</a> la <time datetime="2022-02-07">7 februarie 2022</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2022-02-07">7 februarie 2022</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Winchester+Whisperer%3A+The+secret+newspaper+made+by+jailed+pacifists&amp;rft.date=2014-02-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-25749290&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-349"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-349">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Richard Pipes (<time datetime="1990">1990</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801164146/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DXtE54LuhFzEC%26pg%3DPA407"><i>The Russian Revolution</i></a>. Knopf Doubleday. p.&nbsp;407. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-307-78857-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-307-78857-3">978-0-307-78857-3</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DXtE54LuhFzEC%26pg%3DPA407">original</a> la <time datetime="2020-08-01">1 august 2020</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-07-30">30 iulie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Russian+Revolution&amp;rft.pages=407&amp;rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-307-78857-3&amp;rft.au=Richard+Pipes&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXtE54LuhFzEC%26pg%3DPA407&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Seton_6-350">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Seton_6_350-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Seton_6_350-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Seton-Watson, Christopher. 1967. <i>Italy from Liberalism to Fascism: 1870 to 1925</i>. London: Methuen &amp; Co. Ltd. p. 471</span></li> <li id="cite_note-351"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-351">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lawson, Eric; Lawson, Jane (<time datetime="2002">2002</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D9PGHckhHiX0Cpg%3DPT123"><i>The First Air Campaign: August 1914 – November 1918</i></a>. Da Capo Press. p.&nbsp;123. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-306-81213-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-306-81213-2">978-0-306-81213-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+First+Air+Campaign%3A+August+1914+%E2%80%93+November+1918&amp;rft.pages=123&amp;rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-306-81213-2&amp;rft.aulast=Lawson&amp;rft.aufirst=Eric&amp;rft.au=Lawson%2C+Jane&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9PGHckhHiX0Cpg%3DPT123&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup>[<i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartcup1988154-352"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartcup1988154_352-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHartcup1988">Hartcup 1988</a>, p.&nbsp;154.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartcup198882–86-353"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartcup198882%E2%80%9386_353-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHartcup1988">Hartcup 1988</a>, pp.&nbsp;82–86.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-354"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-354">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Sterling, Christopher H. (2008). <i>Military Communications: From Ancient Times to the 21st Century</i>. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-85109-732-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-85109-732-6">ISBN: 978-1-85109-732-6</a> p. 444.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Cross_1991-355"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cross_1991_355-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCross1991">Cross 1991</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECross199156–57-356"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECross199156%E2%80%9357_356-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCross1991">Cross 1991</a>, pp.&nbsp;56–57.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson1988[[Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_care_necesită_citarea_numărului_paginii]]<sup_class=&quot;noprint_Inline-Template&quot;><span_title=&quot;This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears&amp;nbsp;din_July_2020&quot;_style=&quot;white-space:_nowrap;&quot;>&amp;#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor|necesită&amp;nbsp;pagina]]</i>&amp;#93;</span></sup>-357"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson1988%5B%5BCategorie:Articole_Wikipedia_care_necesit%C4%83_citarea_num%C4%83rului_paginii%5D%5D<sup_class=%22noprint_Inline-Template%22><span_title=%22This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears&amp;nbsp;din_July_2020%22_style=%22white-space:_nowrap;%22>&amp;#91;<i>%5B%5BWikipedia:Citarea_surselor%7Cnecesit%C4%83&amp;nbsp;pagina%5D%5D</i>&amp;#93;</span></sup>_357-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStevenson1988">Stevenson 1988</a>, p.&nbsp;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears&nbsp;din July 2020" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">necesită&nbsp;pagina</a></i>]</span></sup>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-358"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-358">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Zeman, Z. A. B. (<time datetime="1971">1971</time>). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/diplomatichistor0000zema"><i>Diplomatic History of the First World War</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Necesită înregistrare gratuită"> <noscript> <img alt="Necesită înregistrare gratuită" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Necesită înregistrare gratuită" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></a></span>. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-297-00300-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-297-00300-7">978-0-297-00300-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Diplomatic+History+of+the+First+World+War&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&amp;rft.date=1971&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-297-00300-7&amp;rft.aulast=Zeman&amp;rft.aufirst=Z.+A.+B.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiplomatichistor0000zema&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-359"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-359">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">See <cite class="citation book">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (<time datetime="1921">1921</time>). Scott, James Brown, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/cu31924016943106"><i>Official Statements of War Aims and Peace Proposals: December 1916 to November 1918</i></a>. Washington, D.C., The Endowment.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Official+Statements+of+War+Aims+and+Peace+Proposals%3A+December+1916+to+November+1918&amp;rft.pub=Washington%2C+D.C.%2C+The+Endowment&amp;rft.date=1921&amp;rft.au=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924016943106&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-360"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-360">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301154418/https://www.dva.gov.au/recognition/commemorations/memorials/memorials-missing">„Memorials to the Missing of the First and Second World Wars”</a>. <i>Department of Veterans' Affairs</i>. Commonwealth of Australia. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.dva.gov.au/recognition/commemorations/memorials/memorials-missing">original</a> la <time datetime="2024-03-01">1 martie 2024</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2024-03-01">1 martie 2024</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Department+of+Veterans%27+Affairs&amp;rft.atitle=Memorials+to+the+Missing+of+the+First+and+Second+World+Wars&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dva.gov.au%2Frecognition%2Fcommemorations%2Fmemorials%2Fmemorials-missing&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-361"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-361">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014125355/https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/cemetery-details/67300/thiepval-anglo-french-cemetery/">„Thiepval Anglo-French Cemetery”</a>. <i>Commonwealth War Graves Commission</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/cemetery-details/67300/thiepval-anglo-french-cemetery/">original</a> la <time datetime="2023-10-14">14 octombrie 2023</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2024-03-01">1 martie 2024</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&amp;rft.atitle=Thiepval+Anglo-French+Cemetery&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Fvisit-us%2Ffind-cemeteries-memorials%2Fcemetery-details%2F67300%2Fthiepval-anglo-french-cemetery%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-362"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-362">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">„John McCrae”. <i>Nature</i>. Historica. <b>100</b> (2521): 487–488. <time datetime="1918">1918</time>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibcode?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1918Natur.100..487.">1918Natur.100..487.</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1038%252F100487b0">10.1038/100487b0</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accesibil gratuit"> <noscript> <img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Accesibil gratuit" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=John+McCrae&amp;rft.volume=100&amp;rft.issue=2521&amp;rft.pages=487-488&amp;rft.date=1918&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F100487b0&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1918Natur.100..487.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-363"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-363">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">David, Evans (<time datetime="1918">1918</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072732/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/john-mccrae/">„John McCrae”</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>100</b> (2521): 487–488. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibcode?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1918Natur.100..487.">1918Natur.100..487.</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1038%252F100487b0">10.1038/100487b0</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accesibil gratuit"> <noscript> <img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Accesibil gratuit" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-mccrae">original</a> la <time datetime="2016-03-04">4 martie 2016</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2014-06-08">8 iunie 2014</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=John+McCrae&amp;rft.volume=100&amp;rft.issue=2521&amp;rft.pages=487-488&amp;rft.date=1918&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F100487b0&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1918Natur.100..487.&amp;rft.aulast=David&amp;rft.aufirst=Evans&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fjohn-mccrae&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-kclibrary.org-364"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-kclibrary.org_364-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529002033/http://www.kclibrary.org/blog/week-kansas-city-history/monumental-undertaking">„Monumental Undertaking”</a>. <i>kclibrary.org</i>. <time datetime="2015-09-21">21 septembrie 2015</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.kclibrary.org/blog/week-kansas-city-history/monumental-undertaking">original</a> la <time datetime="2015-05-29">29 mai 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2015-05-23">23 mai 2015</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=kclibrary.org&amp;rft.atitle=Monumental+Undertaking&amp;rft.date=2015-09-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kclibrary.org%2Fblog%2Fweek-kansas-city-history%2Fmonumental-undertaking&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-365"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-365">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208062818/http://www.1914.org/">„Commemoration website”</a>. 1914.org. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.1914.org">original</a> la <time datetime="2014-02-08">8 februarie 2014</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2014-02-28">28 februarie 2014</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Commemoration+website&amp;rft.pub=1914.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1914.org&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-HartmannswillerkopfMemorial-366"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-HartmannswillerkopfMemorial_366-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403005503/http://www.francenews.net/news/224398825/french-german-presidents-mark-world-war-i-anniversary">„French, German Presidents Mark World War I Anniversary”</a>. France News.Net. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.francenews.net/news/224398825/french-german-presidents-mark-world-war-i-anniversary">original</a> la <time datetime="2017-04-03">3 aprilie 2017</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2014-08-03">3 august 2014</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=French%2C+German+Presidents+Mark+World+War+I+Anniversary&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francenews.net%2Fnews%2F224398825%2Ffrench-german-presidents-mark-world-war-i-anniversary&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-367"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-367">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210194001/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46165903">„Armistice Day: Macron and Merkel mark end of World War One”</a>. BBC News. <time datetime="2018-11-10">10 noiembrie 2018</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46165903">original</a> la <time datetime="2020-12-10">10 decembrie 2020</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2021-03-30">30 martie 2021</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Armistice+Day%3A+Macron+and+Merkel+mark+end+of+World+War+One&amp;rft.date=2018-11-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-46165903&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Neiberg2-368">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Neiberg2_368-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Neiberg2_368-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Neiberg, Michael (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). <i>The World War I Reader</i>. p.&nbsp;1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+War+I+Reader&amp;rft.pages=1&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.aulast=Neiberg&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-369"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-369">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117060600/https://www.cambridgeblog.org/2014/07/into-the-intro-the-outbreak-of-the-first-world-war/%23:~:text%3DAs%2520George%2520Kennan%2520remarked%252C%2520the,catastrophe%25E2%2580%259D%2520of%2520the%2520twentieth%2520century.">„The intro the outbreak of the First World War”</a>. <i>Cambridge Blog</i>. <time datetime="2014">2014</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cambridgeblog.org/2014/07/into-the-intro-the-outbreak-of-the-first-world-war/%23:~:text%3DAs%2520George%2520Kennan%2520remarked%252C%2520the,catastrophe%25E2%2580%259D%2520of%2520the%2520twentieth%2520century.">original</a> la <time datetime="2022-11-17">17 noiembrie 2022</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2022-11-17">17 noiembrie 2022</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Blog&amp;rft.atitle=The+intro+the+outbreak+of+the+First+World+War&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridgeblog.org%2F2014%2F07%2Finto-the-intro-the-outbreak-of-the-first-world-war%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAs%2520George%2520Kennan%2520remarked%252C%2520the%2Ccatastrophe%25E2%2580%259D%2520of%2520the%2520twentieth%2520century.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-370"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-370">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jones, Heather (<time datetime="2013">2013</time>). „As the centenary approaches: the regeneration of First World War historiography”. <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Historical_Journal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Historical Journal — pagină inexistentă">Historical Journal</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7739760" class="extiw" title="d:Q7739760"><span title="Historical Journal la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i>. <b>56</b> (3): 857–878 [858]. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0018246X13000216">10.1017/S0018246X13000216</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accesibil gratuit"> <noscript> <img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Accesibil gratuit" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%3AHistorical+Journal%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Historical+Journal+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&amp;rft.atitle=As+the+centenary+approaches%3A+the+regeneration+of+First+World+War+historiography&amp;rft.volume=56&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=857-878+858&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X13000216&amp;rft.aulast=Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=Heather&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-371"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-371">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">see Christoph Cornelissen, and Arndt Weinrich, eds. <i>Writing the Great War – The Historiography of World War I from 1918 to the Present</i> (2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.berghahnbooks.com/title/CornelissenWriting">free download</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129075020/https://berghahnbooks.com/title/CornelissenWriting">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2020-11-29">29 noiembrie 2020</time>, la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.; full coverage for major countries.</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=65&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12727094">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style> <div class="refbegin columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;"> <ul> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alan_Axelrod&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alan Axelrod — pagină inexistentă">Axelrod, Alan</a> (<time datetime="2018">2018</time>). <i>How America Won World War I</i>. Rowman &amp; Littlefield. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-4930-3192-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-4930-3192-4">978-1-4930-3192-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=How+America+Won+World+War+I&amp;rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4930-3192-4&amp;rft.aulast=Axelrod&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Porter_Ayres&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Leonard Porter Ayres — pagină inexistentă">Ayers, Leonard Porter</a> (<time datetime="1919">1919</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DOCLC01187647%26pg%3DPA1111"><i>The War with Germany: A Statistical Summary</i></a>. Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+War+with+Germany%3A+A+Statistical+Summary&amp;rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&amp;rft.date=1919&amp;rft.aulast=Ayers&amp;rft.aufirst=Leonard+Porter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOCLC01187647%26pg%3DPA1111&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Ball, Alan M. (<time datetime="1994">1994</time>). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/andnowmysoulisha00alan/mode/2up?view%3Dtheater"><i>And Now My Soul Is Hardened: Abandoned Children in Soviet Russia, 1918–1930</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Necesită înregistrare gratuită"> <noscript> <img alt="Necesită înregistrare gratuită" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Necesită înregistrare gratuită" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></a></span>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-520-08010-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-520-08010-6">0-520-08010-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=And+Now+My+Soul+Is+Hardened%3A+Abandoned+Children+in+Soviet+Russia%2C+1918%E2%80%931930&amp;rft.place=Berkeley&amp;rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=0-520-08010-6&amp;rft.aulast=Ball&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fandnowmysoulisha00alan%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Barrett, Michael B (<time datetime="2013">2013</time>). <i>Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania</i>. Indiana University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-253-00865-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-253-00865-7">978-0-253-00865-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Prelude+to+Blitzkrieg%3A+The+1916+Austro-German+Campaign+in+Romania&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-253-00865-7&amp;rft.aulast=Barrett&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael+B&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Beckett, Ian (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). <i>The Great War</i>. Longman. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-4058-1252-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-4058-1252-8">978-1-4058-1252-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Great+War&amp;rft.pub=Longman&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4058-1252-8&amp;rft.aulast=Beckett&amp;rft.aufirst=Ian&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Béla, Köpeczi (<time datetime="1998">1998</time>). <i>History of Transylvania</i>. Akadémiai Kiadó. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-84-8371-020-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-84-8371-020-3">978-84-8371-020-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+Transylvania&amp;rft.pub=Akad%C3%A9miai+Kiad%C3%B3&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-84-8371-020-3&amp;rft.aulast=B%C3%A9la&amp;rft.aufirst=K%C3%B6peczi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Braybon, Gail (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217083935/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DhFqZcQmlOBsC%26pg%3DPA8%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><i>Evidence, History, and the Great War: Historians and the Impact of 1914–18</i></a>. Berghahn Books. p.&nbsp;8. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-57181-801-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-57181-801-0">978-1-57181-801-0</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DhFqZcQmlOBsC%26pg%3DPA8">original</a> la <time datetime="2024-02-17">17 februarie 2024</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2020-07-05">5 iulie 2020</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Evidence%2C+History%2C+and+the+Great+War%3A+Historians+and+the+Impact+of+1914%E2%80%9318&amp;rft.pages=8&amp;rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-57181-801-0&amp;rft.aulast=Braybon&amp;rft.aufirst=Gail&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhFqZcQmlOBsC%26pg%3DPA8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Judith_M._Brown&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Judith M. Brown — pagină inexistentă">Brown, Judith M.</a> (<time datetime="1994">1994</time>). <i>Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy</i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-19-873113-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-19-873113-9">978-0-19-873113-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Modern+India%3A+The+Origins+of+an+Asian+Democracy&amp;rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-873113-9&amp;rft.aulast=Brown&amp;rft.aufirst=Judith+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tim_Butcher&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tim Butcher — pagină inexistentă">Butcher, Tim</a> (<time datetime="2014">2014</time>). <i>The Trigger: Hunting the Assassin Who Brought the World to War</i> (ed. 2015). Vintage. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-09-958133-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-09-958133-8">978-0-09-958133-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Trigger%3A+Hunting+the+Assassin+Who+Brought+the+World+to+War&amp;rft.edition=2015&amp;rft.pub=Vintage&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-09-958133-8&amp;rft.aulast=Butcher&amp;rft.aufirst=Tim&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Christie, Norm M (<time datetime="1997">1997</time>). <i>The Canadians at Cambrai and the Canal du Nord, August–September 1918</i>. CEF Books. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-896979-18-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-896979-18-2">978-1-896979-18-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Canadians+at+Cambrai+and+the+Canal+du+Nord%2C+August%E2%80%93September+1918&amp;rft.pub=CEF+Books&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-896979-18-2&amp;rft.aulast=Christie&amp;rft.aufirst=Norm+M&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Clayton, Anthony (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <i>Paths of Glory; the French Army 1914–1918</i>. Cassell. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-304-35949-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-304-35949-3">978-0-304-35949-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Paths+of+Glory%3B+the+French+Army+1914%E2%80%931918&amp;rft.pub=Cassell&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-304-35949-3&amp;rft.aulast=Clayton&amp;rft.aufirst=Anthony&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Clark, Charles Upson (<time datetime="1927">1927</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008231407/http://depts.washington.edu/cartah/text_archive/clark/meta_pag.shtml"><i>Bessarabia, Russia and Roumania on the Black Sea</i></a>. New York: Dodd, Mead. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/150789848">150789848</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://depts.washington.edu/cartah/text_archive/clark/meta_pag.shtml">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-10-08">8 octombrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-11-06">6 noiembrie 2008</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Bessarabia%2C+Russia+and+Roumania+on+the+Black+Sea&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead&amp;rft.date=1927&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F150789848&amp;rft.aulast=Clark&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles+Upson&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdepts.washington.edu%2Fcartah%2Ftext_archive%2Fclark%2Fmeta_pag.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chris_Clark_(historian)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chris Clark (historian) — pagină inexistentă">Clark, Christopher</a> (<time datetime="2013">2013</time>). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780061146657"><i>The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Necesită înregistrare gratuită"> <noscript> <img alt="Necesită înregistrare gratuită" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Necesită înregistrare gratuită" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></a></span>. HarperCollins. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-06-219922-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-06-219922-5">978-0-06-219922-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Sleepwalkers%3A+How+Europe+Went+to+War+in+1914&amp;rft.pub=HarperCollins&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-06-219922-5&amp;rft.aulast=Clark&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780061146657&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Conlon, Joseph M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611213940/http://entomology.montana.edu/historybug/TYPHUS-Conlon.pdf"><i>The historical impact of epidemic typhus</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Montana State University. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://entomology.montana.edu/historybug/TYPHUS-Conlon.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2010-06-11">11 iunie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-04-21">21 aprilie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+historical+impact+of+epidemic+typhus&amp;rft.pub=Montana+State+University&amp;rft.aulast=Conlon&amp;rft.aufirst=Joseph+M.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentomology.montana.edu%2Fhistorybug%2FTYPHUS-Conlon.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Coogan, Tim (<time datetime="2009">2009</time>). <i>Ireland in the 20th Century</i>. Random House. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-09-941522-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-09-941522-0">978-0-09-941522-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ireland+in+the+20th+Century&amp;rft.pub=Random+House&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-09-941522-0&amp;rft.aulast=Coogan&amp;rft.aufirst=Tim&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Crampton, R. J. (<time datetime="1994">1994</time>). <i>Eastern Europe in the twentieth century</i>. Routledge. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-415-05346-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-415-05346-4">978-0-415-05346-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe+in+the+twentieth+century&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-05346-4&amp;rft.aulast=Crampton&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Crisp, Olga (<time datetime="1976">1976</time>). <i>Studies in the Russian Economy before 1914</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-333-16907-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-333-16907-0">978-0-333-16907-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+Russian+Economy+before+1914&amp;rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&amp;rft.date=1976&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-333-16907-0&amp;rft.aulast=Crisp&amp;rft.aufirst=Olga&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Cross, Wilbur L. (<time datetime="1991">1991</time>). <i>Zeppelins of World War I</i>. New York: Paragon Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-55778-382-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-55778-382-0">978-1-55778-382-0</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22860189">22860189</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Zeppelins+of+World+War+I&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Paragon+Press&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F22860189&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-55778-382-0&amp;rft.aulast=Cross&amp;rft.aufirst=Wilbur+L.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Crowe, David (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217083933/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DONDZngEACAAJ"><i>The Essentials of European History: 1914 to 1935, World War I and Europe in crisis</i></a>. Research and Education Association. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-87891-710-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-87891-710-5">978-0-87891-710-5</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DONDZngEACAAJ">original</a> la <time datetime="2024-02-17">17 februarie 2024</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2020-07-05">5 iulie 2020</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Essentials+of+European+History%3A+1914+to+1935%2C+World+War+I+and+Europe+in+crisis&amp;rft.pub=Research+and+Education+Association&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-87891-710-5&amp;rft.aulast=Crowe&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DONDZngEACAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">DiNardo, Richard (<time datetime="2015">2015</time>). <i>Invasion: The Conquest of Serbia, 1915</i>. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-4408-0092-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-4408-0092-4">978-1-4408-0092-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Invasion%3A+The+Conquest+of+Serbia%2C+1915&amp;rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&amp;rft.pub=Praeger&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4408-0092-4&amp;rft.aulast=DiNardo&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Donko, Wilhelm (<time datetime="2012">2012</time>). <i>A Brief History of the Austrian Navy</i>. epubli GmbH. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-3-8442-2129-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-3-8442-2129-9">978-3-8442-2129-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Austrian+Navy&amp;rft.pub=epubli+GmbH&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-8442-2129-9&amp;rft.aulast=Donko&amp;rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Doughty&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Robert A. Doughty — pagină inexistentă">Doughty, Robert A.</a> (<time datetime="2005">2005</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217083949/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DvZRmHkdGk44C"><i>Pyrrhic victory: French strategy and operations in the Great War</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-674-01880-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-674-01880-8">978-0-674-01880-8</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DvZRmHkdGk44C">original</a> la <time datetime="2024-02-17">17 februarie 2024</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2020-07-05">5 iulie 2020</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pyrrhic+victory%3A+French+strategy+and+operations+in+the+Great+War&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-674-01880-8&amp;rft.aulast=Doughty&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvZRmHkdGk44C&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Dumitru, Laurentiu-Cristian (<time datetime="2012">2012</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319091440/https://revista.unap.ro/index.php/bulletin/article/view/163-172/0">„Preliminaries of Romania's entering the World War I”</a>. <i>Bulletin of "Carol I" National Defence University, Bucharest</i>. <b>1</b>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://revista.unap.ro/index.php/bulletin/article/view/163-172/0">original</a> la <time datetime="2022-03-19">19 martie 2022</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2022-03-14">14 martie 2022</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+%22Carol+I%22+National+Defence+University%2C+Bucharest&amp;rft.atitle=Preliminaries+of+Romania%27s+entering+the+World+War+I&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.aulast=Dumitru&amp;rft.aufirst=Laurentiu-Cristian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevista.unap.ro%2Findex.php%2Fbulletin%2Farticle%2Fview%2F163-172%2F0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Dupuy, R. Ernest and Trevor N. (<time datetime="1993">1993</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/harperencycloped0000dupu"><i>The Harper's Encyclopedia of Military History</i></a> (ed. 4th). Harper Collins Publishers. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-06-270056-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-06-270056-8">978-0-06-270056-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Harper%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Military+History&amp;rft.edition=4th&amp;rft.pub=Harper+Collins+Publishers&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-06-270056-8&amp;rft.aulast=Dupuy&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+Ernest+and+Trevor+N.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fharperencycloped0000dupu&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Erickson, Edward J. (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <i>Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War</i>. Contributions in Military Studies. <b>201</b>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-313-31516-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-313-31516-9">978-0-313-31516-9</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43481698">43481698</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ordered+to+Die%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Army+in+the+First+World+War&amp;rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&amp;rft.series=Contributions+in+Military+Studies&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43481698&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-313-31516-9&amp;rft.aulast=Erickson&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cyril_Falls&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cyril Falls — pagină inexistentă">Falls, Cyril Bentham</a> (<time datetime="1960">1960</time>). <i>The First World War</i>. London: Longmans. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-84342-272-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-84342-272-3">978-1-84342-272-3</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/460327352">460327352</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+First+World+War&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Longmans&amp;rft.date=1960&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F460327352&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84342-272-3&amp;rft.aulast=Falls&amp;rft.aufirst=Cyril+Bentham&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Byron_Farwell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Byron Farwell — pagină inexistentă">Farwell, Byron</a> (<time datetime="1989">1989</time>). <i>The Great War in Africa, 1914–1918</i>. W.W. Norton. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-393-30564-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-393-30564-7">978-0-393-30564-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Great+War+in+Africa%2C+1914%E2%80%931918&amp;rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-393-30564-7&amp;rft.aulast=Farwell&amp;rft.aufirst=Byron&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Fay, Sidney B (<time datetime="1930">1930</time>). <i>The Origins of the World War; Volume I</i> (ed. 2nd).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+World+War%3B+Volume+I&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.date=1930&amp;rft.aulast=Fay&amp;rft.aufirst=Sidney+B&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Niall_Ferguson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Niall Ferguson — pagină inexistentă">Ferguson, Niall</a> (<time datetime="1999">1999</time>). <i>The Pity of War</i>. New York: Basic Books. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-465-05711-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-465-05711-5">978-0-465-05711-5</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41124439">41124439</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Pity+of+War&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Basic+Books&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41124439&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-465-05711-5&amp;rft.aulast=Ferguson&amp;rft.aufirst=Niall&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Ferguson, Niall (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <i>The War of the World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and the Descent of the West</i>. New York: Penguin Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-59420-100-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-59420-100-4">978-1-59420-100-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+War+of+the+World%3A+Twentieth-Century+Conflict+and+the+Descent+of+the+West&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Penguin+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-59420-100-4&amp;rft.aulast=Ferguson&amp;rft.aufirst=Niall&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Finestone, Jeffrey; Massie, Robert K. (<time datetime="1981">1981</time>). <i>The last courts of Europe</i>. JM Dent &amp; Sons. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-460-04519-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-460-04519-3">978-0-460-04519-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+last+courts+of+Europe&amp;rft.pub=JM+Dent+%26+Sons&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-460-04519-3&amp;rft.aulast=Finestone&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&amp;rft.au=Massie%2C+Robert+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Fornassin, Alessio (<time datetime="2017">2017</time>). „The Italian Army's Losses in the First World War”. <i>Population</i>. <b>72</b> (1): 39–62. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.3917%252Fpopu.1701.0039">10.3917/popu.1701.0039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Population&amp;rft.atitle=The+Italian+Army%27s+Losses+in+the+First+World+War&amp;rft.volume=72&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=39-62&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3917%2Fpopu.1701.0039&amp;rft.aulast=Fornassin&amp;rft.aufirst=Alessio&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=David_Fromkin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="David Fromkin — pagină inexistentă">Fromkin, David</a> (<time datetime="1989">1989</time>). <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=A_Peace_to_End_All_Peace:_The_Fall_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_and_the_Creation_of_the_Modern_Middle_East&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East — pagină inexistentă">A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East</a></i>. New York: Henry Holt and Co. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8050-0857-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8050-0857-9">978-0-8050-0857-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Peace+to+End+All+Peace%3A+The+Fall+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+and+the+Creation+of+the+Modern+Middle+East&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Co&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8050-0857-9&amp;rft.aulast=Fromkin&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Fromkin, David (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <i>Europe's Last Summer: Who Started the Great War in 1914?</i>. Alfred A. Knopf. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-375-41156-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-375-41156-4">978-0-375-41156-4</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53937943">53937943</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Europe%27s+Last+Summer%3A+Who+Started+the+Great+War+in+1914%3F&amp;rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F53937943&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-375-41156-4&amp;rft.aulast=Fromkin&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Gardner, Hall (<time datetime="2015">2015</time>). <i>The Failure to Prevent World War I: The Unexpected Armageddon</i>. Routledge. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-4724-3056-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-4724-3056-4">978-1-4724-3056-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Failure+to+Prevent+World+War+I%3A+The+Unexpected+Armageddon&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4724-3056-4&amp;rft.aulast=Gardner&amp;rft.aufirst=Hall&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Grant, R.G. (<time datetime="2005">2005</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/battlevisualjour0000gran"><i>Battle: A Visual Journey Through 5,000 Years of Combat</i></a>. DK Publishing. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-7566-5578-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-7566-5578-5">978-0-7566-5578-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Battle%3A+A+Visual+Journey+Through+5%2C000+Years+of+Combat&amp;rft.pub=DK+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7566-5578-5&amp;rft.aulast=Grant&amp;rft.aufirst=R.G.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattlevisualjour0000gran&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Gray, Randal; Argyle, Christopher (<time datetime="1990">1990</time>). <i>Chronicle of the First World War</i>. New York: Facts on File. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8160-2595-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8160-2595-4">978-0-8160-2595-4</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19398100">19398100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+First+World+War&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Facts+on+File&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19398100&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8160-2595-4&amp;rft.aulast=Gray&amp;rft.aufirst=Randal&amp;rft.au=Argyle%2C+Christopher&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Gilbert, Martin (<time datetime="1994">1994</time>). <i>First World War</i>. Stoddart Publishing. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-7737-2848-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-7737-2848-6">978-0-7737-2848-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=First+World+War&amp;rft.pub=Stoddart+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7737-2848-6&amp;rft.aulast=Gilbert&amp;rft.aufirst=Martin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Goodspeed, Donald James (<time datetime="1985">1985</time>). <i>The German Wars 1914–1945</i>. New York: Random House; Bonanza. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-517-46790-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-517-46790-9">978-0-517-46790-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+German+Wars+1914%E2%80%931945&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Random+House%3B+Bonanza&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-517-46790-9&amp;rft.aulast=Goodspeed&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald+James&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Gray, Randal (<time datetime="1991">1991</time>). <i>Kaiserschlacht 1918: the final German offensive</i>. Osprey. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-85532-157-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-85532-157-1">978-1-85532-157-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Kaiserschlacht+1918%3A+the+final+German+offensive&amp;rft.pub=Osprey&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-85532-157-1&amp;rft.aulast=Gray&amp;rft.aufirst=Randal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Green, John Frederick Norman (<time datetime="1938">1938</time>). „Obituary: Albert Ernest Kitson”. <i>Geological Society Quarterly Journal</i>. <b>94</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Geological+Society+Quarterly+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Albert+Ernest+Kitson&amp;rft.volume=94&amp;rft.date=1938&amp;rft.aulast=Green&amp;rft.aufirst=John+Frederick+Norman&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Grotelueschen, Mark Ethan (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <i>The AEF Way of War: The American Army and Combat in World War I</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-521-86434-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-521-86434-3">978-0-521-86434-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+AEF+Way+of+War%3A+The+American+Army+and+Combat+in+World+War+I&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-86434-3&amp;rft.aulast=Grotelueschen&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark+Ethan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Halpern, Paul G. (<time datetime="1995">1995</time>). <i>A Naval History of World War I</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-85728-498-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-85728-498-0">978-1-85728-498-0</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60281302">60281302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Naval+History+of+World+War+I&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60281302&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-85728-498-0&amp;rft.aulast=Halpern&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/hammondsfrontier00csha/page/n4"><i>Hammond's Frontier Atlas of the World War</i></a>. C. S. Hammond &amp; Company. <time datetime="1916">1916</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Hammond%27s+Frontier+Atlas+of+the+World+War&amp;rft.pub=C.+S.+Hammond+%26+Company&amp;rft.date=1916&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhammondsfrontier00csha%2Fpage%2Fn4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Harris, J.P. (<time datetime="2008">2008</time>). <i>Douglas Haig and the First World War</i> (ed. 2009). CUP. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-521-89802-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-521-89802-7">978-0-521-89802-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Douglas+Haig+and+the+First+World+War&amp;rft.edition=2009&amp;rft.pub=CUP&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-89802-7&amp;rft.aulast=Harris&amp;rft.aufirst=J.P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Guy_Hartcup&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Guy Hartcup — pagină inexistentă">Hartcup, Guy</a> (<time datetime="1988">1988</time>). <i>The War of Invention; Scientific Developments, 1914–18</i>. Brassey's Defence Publishers. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-08-033591-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-08-033591-9">978-0-08-033591-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+War+of+Invention%3B+Scientific+Developments%2C+1914%E2%80%9318&amp;rft.pub=Brassey%27s+Defence+Publishers&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-08-033591-9&amp;rft.aulast=Hartcup&amp;rft.aufirst=Guy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Havighurst, Alfred F. (<time datetime="1985">1985</time>). <i>Britain in transition: the twentieth century</i> (ed. 4th). University of Chicago Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-226-31971-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-226-31971-1">978-0-226-31971-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Britain+in+transition%3A+the+twentieth+century&amp;rft.edition=4th&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-226-31971-1&amp;rft.aulast=Havighurst&amp;rft.aufirst=Alfred+F.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Herwig, Holger (<time datetime="1988">1988</time>). „The Failure of German Sea Power, 1914–1945: Mahan, Tirpitz, and Raeder Reconsidered”. <i>The International History Review</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 68–105. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1080%252F07075332.1988.9640469">10.1080/07075332.1988.9640469</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40107090">40107090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+International+History+Review&amp;rft.atitle=The+Failure+of+German+Sea+Power%2C+1914%E2%80%931945%3A+Mahan%2C+Tirpitz%2C+and+Raeder+Reconsidered&amp;rft.volume=10&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=68-105&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07075332.1988.9640469&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40107090&amp;rft.aulast=Herwig&amp;rft.aufirst=Holger&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Heyman, Neil M. (<time datetime="1997">1997</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/worldwari00heym"><i>World War I</i></a>. Guides to historic events of the twentieth century. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-313-29880-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-313-29880-6">978-0-313-29880-6</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36292837">36292837</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=World+War+I&amp;rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&amp;rft.series=Guides+to+historic+events+of+the+twentieth+century&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F36292837&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-313-29880-6&amp;rft.aulast=Heyman&amp;rft.aufirst=Neil+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldwari00heym&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Hinterhoff, Eugene (<time datetime="1984">1984</time>). „The Campaign in Armenia”. În Young, Peter. <i>Marshall Cavendish Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War I</i>. <b>ii</b>. New York: Marshall Cavendish. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-86307-181-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-86307-181-2">978-0-86307-181-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+Campaign+in+Armenia&amp;rft.btitle=Marshall+Cavendish+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+World+War+I&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-86307-181-2&amp;rft.aulast=Hinterhoff&amp;rft.aufirst=Eugene&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Holmes, T.M. (aprilie 2014). „Absolute Numbers: The Schlieffen Plan as a Critique of German Strategy in 1914”. <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=War_in_History&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="War in History — pagină inexistentă">War in History</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7968612" class="extiw" title="d:Q7968612"><span title="War in History la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i>. <b>XXI</b> (2): 194, 211. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1477-0385">1477-0385</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%3AWar+in+History%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22War+in+History+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&amp;rft.atitle=Absolute+Numbers%3A+The+Schlieffen+Plan+as+a+Critique+of+German+Strategy+in+1914&amp;rft.volume=XXI&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=194%2C+211&amp;rft.date=2014-04&amp;rft.issn=1477-0385&amp;rft.aulast=Holmes&amp;rft.aufirst=T.M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Horne, Alistair (<time datetime="1964">1964</time>). <i>The Price of Glory</i> (ed. 1993). Penguin. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-14-017041-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-14-017041-2">978-0-14-017041-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Price+of+Glory&amp;rft.edition=1993&amp;rft.pub=Penguin&amp;rft.date=1964&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-14-017041-2&amp;rft.aulast=Horne&amp;rft.aufirst=Alistair&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Howard, N.P. (<time datetime="1993">1993</time>). „The Social and Political Consequences of the Allied Food Blockade of Germany, 1918–19”. <i>German History</i>. <b>11</b> (2): 161–188. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1093%252Fgh%252F11.2.161">10.1093/gh/11.2.161</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=German+History&amp;rft.atitle=The+Social+and+Political+Consequences+of+the+Allied+Food+Blockade+of+Germany%2C+1918%E2%80%9319&amp;rft.volume=11&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=161-188&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgh%2F11.2.161&amp;rft.aulast=Howard&amp;rft.aufirst=N.P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Humphries, Mark Osborne (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). „<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Old Wine in New Bottles": A Comparison of British and Canadian Preparations for the Battle of Arras”. În Hayes, Geoffrey; Iarocci, Andrew; Bechthold, Mike. <i>Vimy Ridge: A Canadian Reassessment</i>. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-88920-508-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-88920-508-6">978-0-88920-508-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=%22Old+Wine+in+New+Bottles%22%3A+A+Comparison+of+British+and+Canadian+Preparations+for+the+Battle+of+Arras&amp;rft.btitle=Vimy+Ridge%3A+A+Canadian+Reassessment&amp;rft.place=Waterloo&amp;rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-88920-508-6&amp;rft.aulast=Humphries&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark+Osborne&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Inglis, David (<time datetime="1995">1995</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916183818/http://summit.sfu.ca/system/files/iritems1/6687/b17448906.pdf"><i>Vimy Ridge: 1917–1992, A Canadian Myth over Seventy Five Years</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Burnaby: Simon Fraser University. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://summit.sfu.ca/system/files/iritems1/6687/b17448906.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2018-09-16">16 septembrie 2018</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-07-23">23 iulie 2013</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Vimy+Ridge%3A+1917%E2%80%931992%2C+A+Canadian+Myth+over+Seventy+Five+Years&amp;rft.place=Burnaby&amp;rft.pub=Simon+Fraser+University&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.aulast=Inglis&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsummit.sfu.ca%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Firitems1%2F6687%2Fb17448906.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Jackson, Julian (<time datetime="2018">2018</time>). <i>A Certain Idea of France: The Life of Charles de Gaulle</i>. Allen Lane. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-84614-351-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-84614-351-9">978-1-84614-351-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Certain+Idea+of+France%3A+The+Life+of+Charles+de+Gaulle&amp;rft.pub=Allen+Lane&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84614-351-9&amp;rft.aulast=Jackson&amp;rft.aufirst=Julian&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Jelavich, Barbara (<time datetime="1992">1992</time>). „Romania in the First World War: The Pre-War Crisis, 1912–1914”. <i>The International History Review</i>. <b>14</b> (3): 441–451. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1080%252F07075332.1992.9640619">10.1080/07075332.1992.9640619</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40106597">40106597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+International+History+Review&amp;rft.atitle=Romania+in+the+First+World+War%3A+The+Pre-War+Crisis%2C+1912%E2%80%931914&amp;rft.volume=14&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=441-451&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07075332.1992.9640619&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40106597&amp;rft.aulast=Jelavich&amp;rft.aufirst=Barbara&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Jones, Howard (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <i>Crucible of Power: A History of US Foreign Relations Since 1897</i>. Scholarly Resources Books. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8420-2918-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8420-2918-6">978-0-8420-2918-6</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46640675">46640675</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Crucible+of+Power%3A+A+History+of+US+Foreign+Relations+Since+1897&amp;rft.pub=Scholarly+Resources+Books&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46640675&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8420-2918-6&amp;rft.aulast=Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=Howard&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Karp, Walter (<time datetime="1979">1979</time>). <i>The Politics of War</i>. Harper &amp; Row. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-06-012265-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-06-012265-2">978-0-06-012265-2</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4593327">4593327</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+War&amp;rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&amp;rft.date=1979&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4593327&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-06-012265-2&amp;rft.aulast=Karp&amp;rft.aufirst=Walter&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=John_Keegan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="John Keegan — pagină inexistentă">Keegan, John</a> (<time datetime="1998">1998</time>). <i>The First World War</i>. Hutchinson. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-09-180178-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-09-180178-6">978-0-09-180178-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+First+World+War&amp;rft.pub=Hutchinson&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-09-180178-6&amp;rft.aulast=Keegan&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Keenan, George (<time datetime="1986">1986</time>). <i>The Fateful Alliance: France, Russia and the Coming of the First World War</i>. Manchester University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-7190-1707-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-7190-1707-0">978-0-7190-1707-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Fateful+Alliance%3A+France%2C+Russia+and+the+Coming+of+the+First+World+War&amp;rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7190-1707-0&amp;rft.aulast=Keenan&amp;rft.aufirst=George&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Keene, Jennifer D (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <i>World War I</i>. Daily Life Through History Series. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p.&nbsp;5. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-313-33181-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-313-33181-7">978-0-313-33181-7</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70883191">70883191</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=World+War+I&amp;rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&amp;rft.series=Daily+Life+Through+History+Series&amp;rft.pages=5&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70883191&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-313-33181-7&amp;rft.aulast=Keene&amp;rft.aufirst=Jennifer+D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Kernek, Sterling (decembrie 1970). „The British Government's Reactions to President Wilson's 'Peace' Note of December 1916”. <i>The Historical Journal</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 721–766. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0018246X00009481">10.1017/S0018246X00009481</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2637713">2637713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=The+British+Government%27s+Reactions+to+President+Wilson%27s+%27Peace%27+Note+of+December+1916&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=721-766&amp;rft.date=1970-12&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X00009481&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2637713&amp;rft.aulast=Kernek&amp;rft.aufirst=Sterling&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Martin_Kitchen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Martin Kitchen — pagină inexistentă">Kitchen, Martin</a> (<time datetime="2000">2000</time>). <i>Europe Between the Wars</i>. New York: Longman. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-582-41869-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-582-41869-1">978-0-582-41869-1</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247285240">247285240</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Europe+Between+the+Wars&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Longman&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F247285240&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-582-41869-1&amp;rft.aulast=Kitchen&amp;rft.aufirst=Martin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parametru necunoscut <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|orig-date=</code> ignorat (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Knobler, S. L.; Mack, A.; Mahmoud, A.; Lemon, S. M., ed. (<time datetime="2005">2005</time>). <i>The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? Workshop Summary</i>. Contributors: Institute of Medicine; Board on Global Health; Forum on Microbial Threats. Washington DC: National Academies Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.17226%252F11150">10.17226/11150</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-309-09504-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-309-09504-4">978-0-309-09504-4</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57422232">57422232</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20669448">20669448</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Threat+of+Pandemic+Influenza%3A+Are+We+Ready%3F+Workshop+Summary&amp;rft.place=Washington+DC&amp;rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57422232&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20669448&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F11150&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-309-09504-4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Lehmann, Hartmut; van der Veer, Peter, ed. (<time datetime="1999">1999</time>). <i>Nation and religion: perspectives on Europe and Asia</i>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-691-01232-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-691-01232-2">978-0-691-01232-2</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39727826">39727826</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Nation+and+religion%3A+perspectives+on+Europe+and+Asia&amp;rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39727826&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-691-01232-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Lieven, Dominic (<time datetime="2016">2016</time>). <i>Towards the Flame: Empire, War and the End of Tsarist Russia</i>. Penguin. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-14-139974-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-14-139974-4">978-0-14-139974-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Towards+the+Flame%3A+Empire%2C+War+and+the+End+of+Tsarist+Russia&amp;rft.pub=Penguin&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-14-139974-4&amp;rft.aulast=Lieven&amp;rft.aufirst=Dominic&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Love, Dave (mai 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916183801/http://www.worldwar1.com/sf2ypres.htm">„The Second Battle of Ypres, April 1915”</a>. <i>Sabretache</i>. <b>26</b> (4). Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.worldwar1.com/sf2ypres.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2018-09-16">16 septembrie 2018</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-11-20">20 noiembrie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sabretache&amp;rft.atitle=The+Second+Battle+of+Ypres%2C+April+1915&amp;rft.volume=26&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.date=1996-05&amp;rft.aulast=Love&amp;rft.aufirst=Dave&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwar1.com%2Fsf2ypres.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Margaret_MacMillan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Margaret MacMillan — pagină inexistentă">MacMillan, Margaret</a> (<time datetime="2013">2013</time>). <i>The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914</i>. Profile Books. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8129-9470-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8129-9470-4">978-0-8129-9470-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+War+That+Ended+Peace%3A+The+Road+to+1914&amp;rft.pub=Profile+Books&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8129-9470-4&amp;rft.aulast=MacMillan&amp;rft.aufirst=Margaret&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Magliveras, Konstantinos D. (<time datetime="1999">1999</time>). <i>Exclusion from Participation in International Organisations: The Law and Practice behind Member States' Expulsion and Suspension of Membership</i>. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-90-411-1239-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-90-411-1239-2">978-90-411-1239-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Exclusion+from+Participation+in+International+Organisations%3A+The+Law+and+Practice+behind+Member+States%27+Expulsion+and+Suspension+of+Membership&amp;rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-411-1239-2&amp;rft.aulast=Magliveras&amp;rft.aufirst=Konstantinos+D.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Marks, Sally (<time datetime="1978">1978</time>). „The Myths of Reparations”. <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Central_European_History&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Central European History — pagină inexistentă">Central European History</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5061045" class="extiw" title="d:Q5061045"><span title="Central European History la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i>. <b>11</b> (3): 231–255. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0008938900018707">10.1017/S0008938900018707</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%3ACentral+European+History%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Central+European+History+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&amp;rft.atitle=The+Myths+of+Reparations&amp;rft.volume=11&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=231-255&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0008938900018707&amp;rft.aulast=Marks&amp;rft.aufirst=Sally&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Martel, Gordon (<time datetime="2014">2014</time>). <i>The Month that Changed the World: July 1914</i>. OUP. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-19-966538-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-19-966538-9">978-0-19-966538-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Month+that+Changed+the+World%3A+July+1914&amp;rft.pub=OUP&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-966538-9&amp;rft.aulast=Martel&amp;rft.aufirst=Gordon&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Marshall, S. L. A.; Josephy, Alvin M. (<time datetime="1982">1982</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/americanheritage00mars"><i>The American heritage history of World War I</i></a>. American Heritage Pub. Co.&nbsp;: Bonanza Books&nbsp;: Distributed by Crown Publishers. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-517-38555-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-517-38555-5">978-0-517-38555-5</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1028047398">1028047398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+American+heritage+history+of+World+War+I&amp;rft.pub=American+Heritage+Pub.+Co.+%3A+Bonanza+Books+%3A+Distributed+by+Crown+Publishers&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1028047398&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-517-38555-5&amp;rft.aulast=Marshall&amp;rft.aufirst=S.+L.+A.&amp;rft.au=Josephy%2C+Alvin+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanheritage00mars&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">McLellan, Edwin N. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916183800/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AMH/XX/WWI/USMC/USMC-WWI.html%23XIV"><i>The United States Marine Corps in the World War</i></a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AMH/XX/WWI/USMC/USMC-WWI.html%23XIV">original</a> la <time datetime="2018-09-16">16 septembrie 2018</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-10-26">26 octombrie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+United+States+Marine+Corps+in+the+World+War&amp;rft.aulast=McLellan&amp;rft.aufirst=Edwin+N.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FAMH%2FXX%2FWWI%2FUSMC%2FUSMC-WWI.html%23XIV&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">McMeekin, Sean (<time datetime="2014">2014</time>). <i>July 1914: Countdown to War</i>. Icon Books. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-84831-657-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-84831-657-7">978-1-84831-657-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=July+1914%3A+Countdown+to+War&amp;rft.pub=Icon+Books&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84831-657-7&amp;rft.aulast=McMeekin&amp;rft.aufirst=Sean&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">McMeekin, Sean (<time datetime="2015">2015</time>). <i>The Ottoman Endgame: War, Revolution and the Making of the Modern Middle East, 1908–1923</i> (ed. 2016). Penguin. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-7181-9971-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-7181-9971-5">978-0-7181-9971-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Ottoman+Endgame%3A+War%2C+Revolution+and+the+Making+of+the+Modern+Middle+East%2C+1908%E2%80%931923&amp;rft.edition=2016&amp;rft.pub=Penguin&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7181-9971-5&amp;rft.aulast=McMeekin&amp;rft.aufirst=Sean&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Medlicott, W.N. (<time datetime="1945">1945</time>). „Bismarck and the Three Emperors' Alliance, 1881–87”. <i>Transactions of the Royal Historical Society</i>. <b>27</b>: 61–83. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.2307%252F3678575">10.2307/3678575</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3678575">3678575</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Royal+Historical+Society&amp;rft.atitle=Bismarck+and+the+Three+Emperors%27+Alliance%2C+1881%E2%80%9387&amp;rft.volume=27&amp;rft.pages=61-83&amp;rft.date=1945&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3678575&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3678575&amp;rft.aulast=Medlicott&amp;rft.aufirst=W.N.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Meyer, Gerald J (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/worldundonestory00gjme"><i>A World Undone: The Story of the Great War 1914 to 1918</i></a>. Random House. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-553-80354-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-553-80354-9">978-0-553-80354-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+World+Undone%3A+The+Story+of+the+Great+War+1914+to+1918&amp;rft.pub=Random+House&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-553-80354-9&amp;rft.aulast=Meyer&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerald+J&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldundonestory00gjme&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Moll, Kendall D; Luebbert, Gregory M (<time datetime="1980">1980</time>). „Arms Race and Military Expenditure Models: A Review”. <i>The Journal of Conflict Resolution</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 153–185. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1177%252F002200278002400107">10.1177/002200278002400107</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/173938">173938</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Conflict+Resolution&amp;rft.atitle=Arms+Race+and+Military+Expenditure+Models%3A+A+Review&amp;rft.volume=24&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=153-185&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002200278002400107&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F173938&amp;rft.aulast=Moll&amp;rft.aufirst=Kendall+D&amp;rft.au=Luebbert%2C+Gregory+M&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Michael_S._Neiberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Michael S. Neiberg — pagină inexistentă">Neiberg, Michael S.</a> (<time datetime="2005">2005</time>). <i>Fighting the Great War: A Global History</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-674-01696-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-674-01696-5">978-0-674-01696-5</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56592292">56592292</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Fighting+the+Great+War%3A+A+Global+History&amp;rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F56592292&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-674-01696-5&amp;rft.aulast=Neiberg&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Northedge, F.S. (<time datetime="1986">1986</time>). <i>The League of Nations: Its Life and Times, 1920–1946</i>. New York: Holmes &amp; Meier. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-7185-1316-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-7185-1316-0">978-0-7185-1316-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+League+of+Nations%3A+Its+Life+and+Times%2C+1920%E2%80%931946&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Holmes+%26+Meier&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7185-1316-0&amp;rft.aulast=Northedge&amp;rft.aufirst=F.S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Phillimore, George Grenville; Bellot, Hugh H.L. (<time datetime="1919">1919</time>). „Treatment of Prisoners of War”. <i>Transactions of the Grotius Society</i>. <b>5</b>: 47–64. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43267276">43267276</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Grotius+Society&amp;rft.atitle=Treatment+of+Prisoners+of+War&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft.pages=47-64&amp;rft.date=1919&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43267276&amp;rft.aulast=Phillimore&amp;rft.aufirst=George+Grenville&amp;rft.au=Bellot%2C+Hugh+H.L.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Price, Alfred (<time datetime="1980">1980</time>). <i>Aircraft versus Submarine: the Evolution of the Anti-submarine Aircraft, 1912 to 1980</i>. London: Jane's Publishing. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-7106-0008-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-7106-0008-0">978-0-7106-0008-0</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10324173">10324173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Aircraft+versus+Submarine%3A+the+Evolution+of+the+Anti-submarine+Aircraft%2C+1912+to+1980&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Jane%27s+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10324173&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7106-0008-0&amp;rft.aulast=Price&amp;rft.aufirst=Alfred&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> Deals with technical developments, including the first dipping <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hidrofon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hidrofon — pagină inexistentă">Hydrophones</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798062" class="extiw" title="d:Q798062"><span title="hidrofon la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Raudzens, George (octombrie 1990). „War-Winning Weapons: The Measurement of Technological Determinism in Military History”. <i>The Journal of Military History</i>. <b>54</b> (4): 403–434. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.2307%252F1986064">10.2307/1986064</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1986064">1986064</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Military+History&amp;rft.atitle=War-Winning+Weapons%3A+The+Measurement+of+Technological+Determinism+in+Military+History&amp;rft.volume=54&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=403-434&amp;rft.date=1990-10&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1986064&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1986064&amp;rft.aulast=Raudzens&amp;rft.aufirst=George&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Rickard, J. (<time datetime="2001-03-05">5 martie 2001</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110050355/http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/people_ludendorff.html">„<span lang="x-sic">Erich von Ludendorff </span>, 1865–1937, German General”</a>. <i>Military History Encyclopedia on the Web</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/people_ludendorff.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2008-01-10">10 ianuarie 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-02-06">6 februarie 2008</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Military+History+Encyclopedia+on+the+Web&amp;rft.atitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22x-sic%22%3EErich+von+Ludendorff+%3C%2Fspan%3E%2C+1865%E2%80%931937%2C+German+General&amp;rft.date=2001-03-05&amp;rft.aulast=Rickard&amp;rft.aufirst=J.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofwar.org%2Farticles%2Fpeople_ludendorff.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Rickard, J. (<time datetime="2007-08-27">27 august 2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010071517/http://www.historyofwar.org/scripts/fluffy/fcp.pl?words%3D20%2BJuly%2B1918%26d%3D%252Fbattles_ludendorff.html">„The Ludendorff Offensives, 21 March–18 July 1918”</a>. <i>historyofwar.org</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.historyofwar.org/scripts/fluffy/fcp.pl?words%3D20%2BJuly%2B1918%26d%3D/battles_ludendorff.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2017-10-10">10 octombrie 2017</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2018-09-12">12 septembrie 2018</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=historyofwar.org&amp;rft.atitle=The+Ludendorff+Offensives%2C+21+March%E2%80%9318+July+1918&amp;rft.date=2007-08-27&amp;rft.aulast=Rickard&amp;rft.aufirst=J.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofwar.org%2Fscripts%2Ffluffy%2Ffcp.pl%3Fwords%3D20%2BJuly%2B1918%26d%3D%2Fbattles_ludendorff.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Rothschild, Joseph (<time datetime="1975">1975</time>). <i>East-Central Europe between the Two World Wars</i>. University of Washington Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-295-95350-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-295-95350-2">978-0-295-95350-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=East-Central+Europe+between+the+Two+World+Wars&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&amp;rft.date=1975&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-295-95350-2&amp;rft.aulast=Rothschild&amp;rft.aufirst=Joseph&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation news">Saadi, Abdul-Ilah (<time datetime="2009-02-12">12 februarie 2009</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513110319/http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/arabunity/2008/02/2008525183842614205.html">„Dreaming of Greater Syria”</a>. Al Jazeera. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/arabunity/2008/02/2008525183842614205.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-05-13">13 mai 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2014-08-14">14 august 2014</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Dreaming+of+Greater+Syria&amp;rft.date=2009-02-12&amp;rft.aulast=Saadi&amp;rft.aufirst=Abdul-Ilah&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aljazeera.net%2Ffocus%2Farabunity%2F2008%2F02%2F2008525183842614205.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Sachar, Howard Morley (<time datetime="1970">1970</time>). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/emergenceofmiddl0000sach"><i>The emergence of the Middle East, 1914–1924</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Necesită înregistrare gratuită"> <noscript> <img alt="Necesită înregistrare gratuită" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Necesită înregistrare gratuită" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></a></span>. Allen Lane. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-7139-0158-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-7139-0158-0">978-0-7139-0158-0</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/153103197">153103197</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+emergence+of+the+Middle+East%2C+1914%E2%80%931924&amp;rft.pub=Allen+Lane&amp;rft.date=1970&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F153103197&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7139-0158-0&amp;rft.aulast=Sachar&amp;rft.aufirst=Howard+Morley&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Femergenceofmiddl0000sach&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Schindler, J. (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). „Steamrollered in Galicia: The Austro-Hungarian Army and the Brusilov Offensive, 1916”. <i>War in History</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 27–59. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1191%252F0968344503wh260oa">10.1191/0968344503wh260oa</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=War+in+History&amp;rft.atitle=Steamrollered+in+Galicia%3A+The+Austro-Hungarian+Army+and+the+Brusilov+Offensive%2C+1916&amp;rft.volume=10&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=27-59&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1191%2F0968344503wh260oa&amp;rft.aulast=Schindler&amp;rft.aufirst=J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Schindler, John R. (<time datetime="2002">2002</time>). „Disaster on the Drina: The Austro-Hungarian Army in Serbia, 1914”. <i>War in History</i>. <b>9</b> (2): 159–195. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1191%252F0968344502wh250oa">10.1191/0968344502wh250oa</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=War+in+History&amp;rft.atitle=Disaster+on+the+Drina%3A+The+Austro-Hungarian+Army+in+Serbia%2C+1914&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=159-195&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1191%2F0968344502wh250oa&amp;rft.aulast=Schindler&amp;rft.aufirst=John+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Shapiro, Fred R.; Epstein, Joseph (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300107982"><i>The Yale Book of Quotations</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-300-10798-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-300-10798-2">978-0-300-10798-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Yale+Book+of+Quotations&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-300-10798-2&amp;rft.aulast=Shapiro&amp;rft.aufirst=Fred+R.&amp;rft.au=Epstein%2C+Joseph&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780300107982&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Smith, David James (<time datetime="2010">2010</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207124130/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DGzsnSU9J5sAC"><i>One Morning in Sarajevo</i></a>. Hachette UK. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-297-85608-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-297-85608-5">978-0-297-85608-5</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DGzsnSU9J5sAC">original</a> la <time datetime="2023-12-07">7 decembrie 2023</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2020-07-05">5 iulie 2020</time></span>. <q>He was photographed on the way to the station and the photograph has been reproduced many times in books and articles, claiming to depict the arrest of Gavrilo Princip. But there is no photograph of Gavro's arrest—this photograph shows the arrest of Behr.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=One+Morning+in+Sarajevo&amp;rft.pub=Hachette+UK&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-297-85608-5&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=David+James&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGzsnSU9J5sAC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Souter, Gavin (<time datetime="2000">2000</time>). <i>Lion &amp; Kangaroo: the initiation of Australia</i>. Melbourne: Text Publishing. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/222801639">222801639</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Lion+%26+Kangaroo%3A+the+initiation+of+Australia&amp;rft.place=Melbourne&amp;rft.pub=Text+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F222801639&amp;rft.aulast=Souter&amp;rft.aufirst=Gavin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Smele, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023214328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/eastern_front_01.shtml">„War and Revolution in Russia 1914–1921”</a>. <i>World Wars in-depth</i>. BBC. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/eastern_front_01.shtml">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-10-23">23 octombrie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-11-12">12 noiembrie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=World+Wars+in-depth&amp;rft.atitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Russia+1914%E2%80%931921&amp;rft.aulast=Smele&amp;rft.aufirst=Jonathan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fworldwars%2Fwwone%2Feastern_front_01.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Spreeuwenberg, P (<time datetime="2018">2018</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7314216">„Reassessing the Global Mortality Burden of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic”</a>. <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=American_Journal_of_Epidemiology&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="American Journal of Epidemiology — pagină inexistentă">American Journal of Epidemiology</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4744243" class="extiw" title="d:Q4744243"><span title="American Journal of Epidemiology la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i>. <b>187</b> (12): 2561–2567. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1093%252Faje%252Fkwy191">10.1093/aje/kwy191</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed_Central?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&nbsp;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7314216">7314216</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accesibil gratuit"> <noscript> <img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Accesibil gratuit" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30202996">30202996</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%3AAmerican+Journal+of+Epidemiology%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22American+Journal+of+Epidemiology+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&amp;rft.atitle=Reassessing+the+Global+Mortality+Burden+of+the+1918+Influenza+Pandemic.&amp;rft.volume=187&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=2561-2567&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7314216&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30202996&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Faje%2Fkwy191&amp;rft.aulast=Spreeuwenberg&amp;rft.aufirst=P&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7314216&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Stevenson, David (<time datetime="1988">1988</time>). <i>The First World War and International Politics</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-19-873049-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-19-873049-1">978-0-19-873049-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+First+World+War+and+International+Politics&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-873049-1&amp;rft.aulast=Stevenson&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=David_Stevenson_(historian)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="David Stevenson (historian) — pagină inexistentă">Stevenson, David</a> (<time datetime="1996">1996</time>). <i>Armaments and the Coming of War: Europe, 1904–1914</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-19-820208-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-19-820208-0">978-0-19-820208-0</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/33079190">33079190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Armaments+and+the+Coming+of+War%3A+Europe%2C+1904%E2%80%931914&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F33079190&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-820208-0&amp;rft.aulast=Stevenson&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Stevenson, David (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <i>Cataclysm: The First World War as Political Tragedy</i>. New York: Basic Books. p.&nbsp;560. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-465-08184-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-465-08184-4">978-0-465-08184-4</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/54001282">54001282</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Cataclysm%3A+The+First+World+War+as+Political+Tragedy&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=560&amp;rft.pub=Basic+Books&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54001282&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-465-08184-4&amp;rft.aulast=Stevenson&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Stevenson, David (<time datetime="2012">2012</time>). <i>1914–1918: The History of the First World War</i>. Penguin. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-7181-9795-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-7181-9795-7">978-0-7181-9795-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=1914%E2%80%931918%3A+The+History+of+the+First+World+War&amp;rft.pub=Penguin&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7181-9795-7&amp;rft.aulast=Stevenson&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Stevenson, David (<time datetime="2016">2016</time>). Mahnken, Thomas, ed. <i>Land armaments in Europe, 1866–1914 in Arms Races in International Politics: From the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Century</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-19-873526-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-19-873526-7">978-0-19-873526-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Land+armaments+in+Europe%2C+1866%E2%80%931914+in+Arms+Races+in+International+Politics%3A+From+the+Nineteenth+to+the+Twenty-First+Century&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-873526-7&amp;rft.aulast=Stevenson&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hew_Strachan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hew Strachan — pagină inexistentă">Strachan, Hew</a> (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <i>The First World War: Volume I: To Arms</i>. New York: Viking. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-670-03295-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-670-03295-2">978-0-670-03295-2</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53075929">53075929</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+First+World+War%3A+Volume+I%3A+To+Arms&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Viking&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F53075929&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-670-03295-2&amp;rft.aulast=Strachan&amp;rft.aufirst=Hew&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Taliaferro, William Hay (<time datetime="1972">1972</time>). <i>Medicine and the War</i>. Books for Libraries Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8369-2629-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8369-2629-3">978-0-8369-2629-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Medicine+and+the+War&amp;rft.pub=Books+for+Libraries+Press&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8369-2629-3&amp;rft.aulast=Taliaferro&amp;rft.aufirst=William+Hay&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parametru necunoscut <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|orig-date=</code> ignorat (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Taylor, John M. (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814021234/https://www.historynet.com/audacious-cruise-of-the-emden.htm">„Audacious Cruise of the Emden”</a>. <i>The Quarterly Journal of Military History</i>. <b>19</b> (4): 38–47. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0899-3718">0899-3718</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.historynet.com/audacious-cruise-of-the-emden.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2021-08-14">14 august 2021</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2021-07-05">5 iulie 2021</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Military+History&amp;rft.atitle=Audacious+Cruise+of+the+Emden&amp;rft.ssn=spring&amp;rft.volume=19&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=38-47&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.issn=0899-3718&amp;rft.aulast=Taylor&amp;rft.aufirst=John+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Faudacious-cruise-of-the-emden.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Thompson, Mark (<time datetime="2009">2009</time>). <i>The White War: Life and Death on the Italian Front, 1915–1919</i>. Faber &amp; Faber. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-571-22333-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-571-22333-6">978-0-571-22333-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+White+War%3A+Life+and+Death+on+the+Italian+Front%2C+1915%E2%80%931919&amp;rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-571-22333-6&amp;rft.aulast=Thompson&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jozo_Tomasevich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jozo Tomasevich — pagină inexistentă">Tomasevich, Jozo</a> (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104165249/http://books.google.com/books?id%3DfqUSGevFe5MC%26pg%3DPA485"><i>War and Revolution in Yugoslavia: 1941–1945</i></a>. Stanford University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8047-7924-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8047-7924-1">978-0-8047-7924-1</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DfqUSGevFe5MC%26pg%3DPA485">original</a> la <time datetime="2014-01-04">4 ianuarie 2014</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-12-04">4 decembrie 2013</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%3A+1941%E2%80%931945&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8047-7924-1&amp;rft.aulast=Tomasevich&amp;rft.aufirst=Jozo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfqUSGevFe5MC%26pg%3DPA485&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Torrie, Glenn E. (<time datetime="1978">1978</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810055824/https://esirc.emporia.edu/bitstream/handle/123456789/311/136.pdf?sequence%3D1">„Romania's Entry into the First World War: The Problem of Strategy”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Emporia State Research Studies</i>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Emporia_State_University&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Emporia State University — pagină inexistentă">Emporia State University</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339396" class="extiw" title="d:Q1339396"><span title="Emporia State University la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>. <b>26</b> (4): 7–8. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://esirc.emporia.edu/bitstream/handle/123456789/311/136.pdf?sequence%3D1">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2019-08-10">10 august 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2022-04-12">12 aprilie 2022</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Emporia+State+Research+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=Romania%27s+Entry+into+the+First+World+War%3A+The+Problem+of+Strategy&amp;rft.volume=26&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=7-8&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft.aulast=Torrie&amp;rft.aufirst=Glenn+E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesirc.emporia.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F311%2F136.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Tschanz, David W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611212917/http://entomology.montana.edu/historybug/WWI/TEF.htm"><i>Typhus fever on the Eastern front in World War I</i></a>. Montana State University. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.entomology.montana.edu/historybug/WWI/TEF.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2010-06-11">11 iunie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-11-12">12 noiembrie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Typhus+fever+on+the+Eastern+front+in+World+War+I&amp;rft.pub=Montana+State+University&amp;rft.aulast=Tschanz&amp;rft.aufirst=David+W.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.entomology.montana.edu%2Fhistorybug%2FWWI%2FTEF.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla Mary (<time datetime="2005">2005</time>). <i>Encyclopedia of World War I</i>. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-85109-420-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-85109-420-2">978-1-85109-420-2</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61247250">61247250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+War+I&amp;rft.place=Santa+Barbara&amp;rft.pub=ABC-Clio&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F61247250&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-85109-420-2&amp;rft.aulast=Tucker&amp;rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&amp;rft.au=Roberts%2C+Priscilla+Mary&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Tucker, Spencer C.; Wood, Laura Matysek; Murphy, Justin D. (<time datetime="1999">1999</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801142143/https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dgv3GEyB19wIC"><i>The European powers in the First World War: an encyclopedia</i></a>. Taylor &amp; Francis. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8153-3351-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8153-3351-7">978-0-8153-3351-7</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dgv3GEyB19wIC">original</a> la <time datetime="2020-08-01">1 august 2020</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2020-06-06">6 iunie 2020</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+European+powers+in+the+First+World+War%3A+an+encyclopedia&amp;rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8153-3351-7&amp;rft.aulast=Tucker&amp;rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&amp;rft.au=Wood%2C+Laura+Matysek&amp;rft.au=Murphy%2C+Justin+D.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgv3GEyB19wIC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Tucker, Spencer (<time datetime="2002">2002</time>). <i>The Great War, 1914–1918</i>. Routledge. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-134-81750-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-134-81750-4">978-1-134-81750-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Great+War%2C+1914%E2%80%931918&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-134-81750-4&amp;rft.aulast=Tucker&amp;rft.aufirst=Spencer&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Velikonja, Mitja (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/religiousseparat0000veli/page/141"><i>Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina</i></a>. Texas A&amp;M University Press. p.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/religiousseparat0000veli/page/141">141</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-58544-226-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-58544-226-3">978-1-58544-226-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Religious+Separation+and+Political+Intolerance+in+Bosnia-Herzegovina&amp;rft.pages=141&amp;rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58544-226-3&amp;rft.aulast=Velikonja&amp;rft.aufirst=Mitja&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freligiousseparat0000veli%2Fpage%2F141&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Edward_Von_der_Porten&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Edward Von der Porten — pagină inexistentă">von der Porten, Edward P.</a> (<time datetime="1969">1969</time>). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/germannavyinworl00vond"><i>German Navy in World War II</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Necesită înregistrare gratuită"> <noscript> <img alt="Necesită înregistrare gratuită" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Necesită înregistrare gratuită" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></a></span>. New York: T.Y. Crowell. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-213-17961-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-213-17961-8">978-0-213-17961-8</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/164543865">164543865</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=German+Navy+in+World+War+II&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=T.Y.+Crowell&amp;rft.date=1969&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F164543865&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-213-17961-8&amp;rft.aulast=von+der+Porten&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgermannavyinworl00vond&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Westwell, Ian (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <i>World War I Day by Day</i>. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing. pp.&nbsp;192pp. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-7603-1937-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-7603-1937-6">978-0-7603-1937-6</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57533366">57533366</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=World+War+I+Day+by+Day&amp;rft.place=St.+Paul%2C+Minnesota&amp;rft.pages=192pp&amp;rft.pub=MBI+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57533366&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7603-1937-6&amp;rft.aulast=Westwell&amp;rft.aufirst=Ian&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Wheeler-Bennett, John W. (<time datetime="1938">1938</time>). <i>Brest-Litovsk:The forgotten peace</i>. Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Brest-Litovsk%3AThe+forgotten+peace&amp;rft.pub=Macmillan&amp;rft.date=1938&amp;rft.aulast=Wheeler-Bennett&amp;rft.aufirst=John+W.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Willmott, H.P. (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <i>World War I</i>. Dorling Kindersley. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-7894-9627-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-7894-9627-0">978-0-7894-9627-0</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52541937">52541937</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=World+War+I&amp;rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52541937&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7894-9627-0&amp;rft.aulast=Willmott&amp;rft.aufirst=H.P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Winter, Jay, ed. (<time datetime="2014">2014</time>). <i>The Cambridge History of the First World War</i> (ed. 2016). Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-316-60066-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-316-60066-5">978-1-316-60066-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+the+First+World+War&amp;rft.edition=2016&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-316-60066-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Zeldin, Theodore (<time datetime="1977">1977</time>). <i>France, 1848–1945: Volume II: Intellect, Taste, and Anxiety</i> (ed. 1986). Clarendon Press. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-19-822125-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-19-822125-8">978-0-19-822125-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=France%2C+1848%E2%80%931945%3A+Volume+II%3A+Intellect%2C+Taste%2C+and+Anxiety&amp;rft.edition=1986&amp;rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-822125-8&amp;rft.aulast=Zeldin&amp;rft.aufirst=Theodore&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Zieger, Robert H. (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <i>America's Great War: World War I and the American experience</i>. Rowman &amp; Littlefield. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8476-9645-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8476-9645-1">978-0-8476-9645-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=America%27s+Great+War%3A+World+War+I+and+the+American+experience&amp;rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8476-9645-1&amp;rft.aulast=Zieger&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APrimul+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=66&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.firstworldwar.com/">O istorie multimedia a Primului Război Mondial</a></li> <li>Ziare europene de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/newspapers/search?query%3D%26decade%3D1910-1919%26month%3D7%26year%3D1914%26%26count%3D50">începutul</a> și <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/newspapers/search?query%3D%26decade%3D1910-1919%26month%3D11%26year%3D1918%26count%3D50">sfârșitul războiului</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.britishpathe.com/workspaces/page/ww1-the-definitive-collection">Colecția de filme din Primul Război Mondial de la British Pathé</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.youtube.com/@TheGreatWar"><span class="plainlinks">Canalul The Great War</span>'s channel</a> pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/YouTube?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>: serial realizat de istoricul Indy Neidell care urmărește evenimentele războiului, săptămână cu săptămână: <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list%3DPLB2vhKMBjSxO1lsrC98VOyOzfW0Gn8Tga"><span class="plainlinks">1914</span></a> playlist pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/YouTube?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list%3DPLB2vhKMBjSxOBRaYtCTZ_MfV1njg2lGX1"><span class="plainlinks">1915</span></a> playlist pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/YouTube?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list%3DPLB2vhKMBjSxMIRYolbA2ohBUkaT24d21h"><span class="plainlinks">1916</span></a> playlist pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/YouTube?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list%3DPLB2vhKMBjSxP4G7pljFCWC9B2t_wo0twt"><span class="plainlinks">1917</span></a> playlist pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/YouTube?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list%3DPLB2vhKMBjSxMFBUN-T7xf-ORq9yY36EVR"><span class="plainlinks">1918</span></a> playlist pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/YouTube?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=67&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <table cellspacing="0" border="0" align="left" style="margin: 0.25em 0; color: inherit; background-color: transparent;"> <tbody> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 4px; vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Film_reel.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="(video)"> <noscript> <img alt="(video)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Film_reel.svg/40px-Film_reel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="519"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 39px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Film_reel.svg/40px-Film_reel.svg.png" data-alt="(video)" data-width="40" data-height="39" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Film_reel.svg/60px-Film_reel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Film_reel.svg/80px-Film_reel.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></td> <td> <table cellspacing="0" border="0" style="color: inherit; background-color: transparent; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv" class="internal" title="Bombers of WW1.ogv">Bombardiere ale Primului Război Mondial</a> (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Bombers_of_WW1.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fișier:Bombers of WW1.ogg">info</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 91%; padding: 0 0 0.5em 0;">Videoclip al aliaților bombardând liniile germane.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Tanks_of_WWI.ogv" class="internal" title="Tanks of WWI.ogv">Tancuri ale Primului Război Mondial</a> (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Tanks_of_WWI.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fișier:Tanks of WWI.ogg">info</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 91%; padding: 0 0 0.5em 0;">Tancuri primitive din Primul Război Mondial ajută Aliații cu avangarda la Langres, France (1918).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 91%; padding: 0; margin: 0; font-style: italic;">Probleme la vizualizarea fișierelor video? <a 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data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Guerra_Mundial" title="Primera Guerra Mundial – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Primera Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyrst_Woruldg%25C5%25AB%25C3%25BE" title="Fyrst Woruldgūþ – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Fyrst Woruldgūþ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%2589" title="الحرب العالمية الأولى – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب العالمية الأولى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8_%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D8%25A9" title="لحرب لعالمية لولة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لحرب لعالمية لولة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D9%2587_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D9%2587" title="الحرب العالميه الاولانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحرب العالميه الاولانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A6%25A5%25E0%25A6%25AE_%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A7" title="প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধ – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_Guerra_Mundial" title="Primer Guerra Mundial – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Primer Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D3%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B1_%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258A%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3%25D1%258A" title="ТӀоцебесеб дунялалъулаб рагъ – avară" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ТӀоцебесеб дунялалъулаб рагъ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE_%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B5_%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A7" title="पहिला बिस्व जुद्ध – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पहिला बिस्व जुद्ध" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinci_D%25C3%25BCnya_m%25C3%25BCharib%25C9%2599si" title="Birinci Dünya müharibəsi – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Birinci Dünya müharibəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C" title="بیرینجی دونیا ساواشی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیرینجی دونیا ساواشی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%258A%25D1%258F_%25D2%25BB%25D1%2583%25D2%2593%25D1%258B%25D1%2588%25D1%258B" title="Беренсе донъя һуғышы – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Беренсе донъя һуғышы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuda_Jagat_I" title="Yuda Jagat I – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Yuda Jagat I" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easchta_W%25C3%25B6dkriag" title="Easchta Wödkriag – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Easchta Wödkriag" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%25C4%2597rma_svieta_vaina" title="Pėrma svieta vaina – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pėrma svieta vaina" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porang_Portibi_I" title="Porang Portibi I – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Porang Portibi I" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enot_na_Gerang_Pankinaban" title="Enot na Gerang Pankinaban – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Enot na Gerang Pankinaban" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2588%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Першая сусветная вайна – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Першая сусветная вайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2588%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Першая сусьветная вайна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Першая сусьветная вайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%258A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Първа световна война – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Първа световна война" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE_%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B5_%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A7" title="पहिला बिस्व जुद्ध – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पहिला बिस्व जुद्ध" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2582%258F%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25B2%25E1%2580%25B7%25EA%25A9%25BB" title="ပထမကမ္ဘာႏစဲ့ꩻ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပထမကမ္ဘာႏစဲ့ꩻ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimank%25C9%259Bl%25C9%259B_f%25C9%2594l%25C9%2594" title="Alimankɛlɛ fɔlɔ – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Alimankɛlɛ fɔlɔ" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25A5%25E0%25A6%25AE_%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A7" title="প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধ – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A0%25E0%25BD%259B%25E0%25BD%2598%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BE%25B3%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A0%25E0%25BD%2581%25E0%25BE%25B2%25E0%25BD%25B4%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2586%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2591%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2594%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BC%258D" title="འཛམ་གླིང་འཁྲུག་ཆེན་དང་པོ། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཛམ་གླིང་འཁྲུག་ཆེན་དང་པོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brezel-bed_kenta%25C3%25B1" title="Brezel-bed kentañ – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Brezel-bed kentañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prvi svjetski rat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porang_Dunia_pa_1" title="Porang Dunia pa 1 – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Porang Dunia pa 1" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D1%258D%25D0%25BB%25D1%2585%25D1%258D%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25BD%25D1%258D%25D0%25B3%25D1%258D%25D0%25B4%25D2%25AF%25D0%25B3%25D1%258D%25D1%258D%25D1%2580_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD" title="Дэлхэйн нэгэдүгээр дайн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дэлхэйн нэгэдүгээр дайн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Guerra_Mundial" title="Primera Guerra Mundial – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Primera Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C3%25A2%25CC%25A4-%25C3%25A9k-ch%25C3%25A9%25CC%25A4%25E1%25B9%25B3_Si%25C3%25A9-g%25C3%25A1i_D%25C3%25A2i-ci%25C3%25A9ng" title="Dâ̤-ék-ché̤ṳ Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dâ̤-ék-ché̤ṳ Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D1%2583%25D1%258C%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2585%25D1%258C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2582%25D3%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC" title="Дуьненан хьалхара тӀом – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дуьненан хьалхара тӀом" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25DB%2595%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AC%25DB%258C%25DA%25BE%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25DB%258C_%25DB%258C%25DB%2595%25DA%25A9%25DB%2595%25D9%2585" title="جەنگی جیھانیی یەکەم – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەنگی جیھانیی یەکەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_guerra_mundiale" title="Prima guerra mundiale – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Prima guerra mundiale" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinci_Cian_cenki" title="Birinci Cian cenki – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Birinci Cian cenki" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvn%25C3%25AD_sv%25C4%259Btov%25C3%25A1_v%25C3%25A1lka" title="První světová válka – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="První světová válka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D1%258C%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B2%25D1%25A3%25D1%2582%25D1%258C%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Прьва свѣтьна воина – slavonă" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Прьва свѣтьна воина" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25C4%2595%25D1%2580%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25C4%2595%25D1%2588_%25D0%25A2%25C4%2595%25D0%25BD%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25B2%25C4%2583%25D1%2580%25C3%25A7%25D0%25B8" title="Пĕрремĕш Тĕнче вăрçи – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пĕрремĕш Тĕнче вăрçи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Rhyfel_Byd_Cyntaf" title="Y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._verdenskrig" title="1. verdenskrig – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1. verdenskrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erster_Weltkrieg" title="Erster Weltkrieg – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erster Weltkrieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb%25C3%25AA_D%25C4%25B1nyay%25C3%25AA_Yew%25C4%25B1ne" title="Herbê Dınyayê Yewıne – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Herbê Dınyayê Yewıne" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%25C4%259Bdna_sw%25C4%259Btowa_w%25C3%25B3jna" title="Prědna swětowa wójna – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Prědna swětowa wójna" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A5%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A7" title="प्रथम विश्वयुद्ध – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="प्रथम विश्वयुद्ध" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2591%25CE%2584_%25CE%25A0%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BA%25CF%258C%25CF%2583%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582_%25CE%25A0%25CF%258C%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B5%25CE%25BC%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582" title="Α΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Α΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%25C3%25A9mma_gu%25C3%25A8ra_mundi%25C3%25A8l" title="Prémma guèra mundièl – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Prémma guèra mundièl" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="World War I" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unua_Mondmilito" title="Unua Mondmilito – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Unua Mondmilito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Guerra_Mundial" title="Primera Guerra Mundial – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Primera Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esimene_maailmas%25C3%25B5da" title="Esimene maailmasõda – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esimene maailmasõda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerra" title="Lehen Mundu Gerra – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lehen Mundu Gerra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Guerra_Mundial" title="I Guerra Mundial – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="I Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF_%25D8%25AC%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2584" title="جنگ جهانی اول – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ جهانی اول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensimm%25C3%25A4inen_maailmansota" title="Ensimmäinen maailmansota – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ensimmäinen maailmansota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edim%25C3%25A4ne_ilmas%25C3%25B5da" title="Edimäne ilmasõda – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Edimäne ilmasõda" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyrri_veraldarbardagi" title="Fyrri veraldarbardagi – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fyrri veraldarbardagi" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premi%25C3%25A8re_Guerre_mondiale" title="Première Guerre mondiale – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Première Guerre mondiale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premi%25C3%25A9ra_Gu%25C3%25A8rra_mondi%25C3%25A2la" title="Premiéra Guèrra mondiâla – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Premiéra Guèrra mondiâla" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iarst_W%25C3%25A4%25C3%25A4ltkrich" title="Iarst Wäältkrich – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Iarst Wäältkrich" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_vuere_mondi%25C3%25A2l" title="Prime vuere mondiâl – friulană" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Prime vuere mondiâl" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earste_Wr%25C3%25A2ldkriich" title="Earste Wrâldkriich – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Earste Wrâldkriich" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ch%25C3%25A9ad_Chogadh_Domhanda" title="An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinci_D%25C3%25BCnn%25C3%25A4%25C3%25A4_Cengi" title="Birinci Dünnää Cengi – găgăuză" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Birinci Dünnää Cengi" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="găgăuză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2580%25E6%25AC%25A1%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%2595%258C%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E6%2588%25B0" title="第一次世界大戰 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="第一次世界大戰" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%25C3%25A9my%25C3%25A9_Lag%25C3%25A8r_mondyal" title="Prémyé Lagèr mondyal – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Prémyé Lagèr mondyal" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Cogadh_M%25C3%25B2r" title="An Cogadh Mòr – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Cogadh Mòr" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeira_guerra_mundial" title="Primeira guerra mundial – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Primeira guerra mundial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2591orair%25C3%25B5_Guasu_Pete%25C4%25A9ha" title="Ñorairõ Guasu Peteĩha – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñorairõ Guasu Peteĩha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25AA%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AA%25A5%25E0%25AA%25AE_%25E0%25AA%25B5%25E0%25AA%25BF%25E0%25AA%25B6%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B5_%25E0%25AA%25AF%25E0%25AB%2581%25E0%25AA%25A6%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25A7" title="પ્રથમ વિશ્વ યુદ્ધ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પ્રથમ વિશ્વ યુદ્ધ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Chied_Chaggey_Dowanagh" title="Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%25C6%2599in_Duniya_na_I" title="Yaƙin Duniya na I – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaƙin Duniya na I" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi-yit-chh%25E1%25B9%25B3_S%25E1%25B9%25B3-kie_Thai-chan" title="Thi-yit-chhṳ Sṳ-kie Thai-chan – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thi-yit-chhṳ Sṳ-kie Thai-chan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%259C%25D7%2597%25D7%259E%25D7%25AA_%25D7%2594%25D7%25A2%25D7%2595%25D7%259C%25D7%259D_%25D7%2594%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%25A9%25D7%2595%25D7%25A0%25D7%2594" title="מלחמת העולם הראשונה – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת העולם הראשונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A5%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B5_%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A7" title="प्रथम विश्व युद्ध – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रथम विश्व युद्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="World War I" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prvi svjetski rat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%25C4%259Bnja_sw%25C4%259Btowa_w%25C3%25B3jna" title="Prěnja swětowa wójna – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Prěnja swětowa wójna" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premy%25C3%25A8_G%25C3%25A8_mondyal" title="Premyè Gè mondyal – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Premyè Gè mondyal" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Els%25C5%2591_vil%25C3%25A1gh%25C3%25A1bor%25C3%25BA" title="Első világháború – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Első világháború" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B1%25D5%25BC%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BB%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25B0%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B7%25D5%25AD%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25B0%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A6%25D5%25B4" title="Առաջին համաշխարհային պատերազմ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Առաջին համաշխարհային պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B7%25D5%25AD%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25B0%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B6_%25D4%25B1%25D5%25BC%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BB%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B6_%25D5%258A%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A6%25D5%25B4" title="Համաշխարհային Առաջին Պատերազմ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Համաշխարհային Առաջին Պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Guerra_Mundial" title="Prime Guerra Mundial – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Prime Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunya_Keterubah" title="Perang Dunya Keterubah – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Perang Dunya Keterubah" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" title="Perang Dunia I – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Dunia I" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unesim_Guerre_Mundal" title="Unesim Guerre Mundal – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Unesim Guerre Mundal" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umuna_a_Sangalubongan_a_Gubat" title="Umuna a Sangalubongan a Gubat – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Umuna a Sangalubongan a Gubat" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%258C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2582%25D3%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC" title="Хьалхара дунен тӀом – ingușă" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Хьалхара дунен тӀом" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingușă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unesma_mondomilito" title="Unesma mondomilito – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Unesma mondomilito" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyrri_heimsstyrj%25C3%25B6ldin" title="Fyrri heimsstyrjöldin – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fyrri heimsstyrjöldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_guerra_mondiale" title="Prima guerra mondiale – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prima guerra mondiale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2580%25E6%25AC%25A1%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%2595%258C%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E6%2588%25A6" title="第一次世界大戦 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第一次世界大戦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol_Waar_I" title="Wol Waar I – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Wol Waar I" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Donya_I" title="Perang Donya I – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Perang Donya I" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259D_%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2598" title="პირველი მსოფლიო ომი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პირველი მსოფლიო ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinshi_j%25C3%25A1h%25C3%25A1n_ur%25C4%25B1s%25C4%25B1" title="Birinshi jáhán urısı – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Birinshi jáhán urısı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B9%25AC%25E1%25B9%25ADra%25E1%25B8%258D_Ama%25E1%25B8%258Dlan_Amezwaru" title="Ṭṭraḍ Amaḍlan Amezwaru – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ṭṭraḍ Amaḍlan Amezwaru" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AF%25D0%25BF%25D1%258D%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2583%25D1%258D" title="Япэрей дунейпсо зауэ – kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Япэрей дунейпсо зауэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kede%25C5%258Ba_y%25C9%2594%25C9%2594_kajala%25C9%25A3_you" title="Kedeŋa yɔɔ kajalaɣ you – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kedeŋa yɔɔ kajalaɣ you" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwang_Swanta_I" title="Zwang Swanta I – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Zwang Swanta I" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2596%25D1%2580%25D1%2596%25D0%25BD%25D1%2588%25D1%2596_%25D0%25B4%25D2%25AF%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B6%25D2%25AF%25D0%25B7%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA_%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D2%2593%25D1%258B%25D1%2581" title="Бірінші дүниежүзілік соғыс – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бірінші дүниежүзілік соғыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259E%2584%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%2582%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%2598%25E1%259E%259B%25E1%259F%2584%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259E%259B%25E1%259E%25BE%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259E%2591%25E1%259E%25B8%25E1%259F%25A1" title="សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី១ – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី១" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2592%25E0%25B2%2582%25E0%25B2%25A6%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B3%2586%25E0%25B2%25AF_%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B2%25B9%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B3%2581%25E0%25B2%25A6%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25A7" title="ಒಂದನೆಯ ಮಹಾಯುದ್ಧ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಒಂದನೆಯ ಮಹಾಯುದ್ಧ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25A0%259C1%25EC%25B0%25A8_%25EC%2584%25B8%25EA%25B3%2584_%25EB%258C%2580%25EC%25A0%2584" title="제1차 세계 대전 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제1차 세계 대전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BA%25D1%258A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2583%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582" title="Биринчи дуния къазауат – karaceai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Биринчи дуния къазауат" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaceai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AF%25DB%2584%25DA%2588%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D9%258F%25D9%259B%25DA%25A9_%25D8%25B9%25D9%2594%25D8%25B8%25DB%258C%25D9%2596%25D9%2585_%25D8%25AC%25D9%258E%25D9%2586%25D9%259B%25DA%25AF" title="گۄڈنیُٛک عٔظیٖم جَنٛگ – cașmiră" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="گۄڈنیُٛک عٔظیٖم جَنٛگ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cașmiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%259Eer%25C3%25AA_C%25C3%25AEhan%25C3%25AE_y%25C3%25AA_Yekem" title="Şerê Cîhanî yê Yekem – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şerê Cîhanî yê Yekem" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D3%25A7%25D0%25B2%25D3%25A7%25D0%25B9_%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D1%2588" title="Медводдза мирӧвӧй тыш – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Медводдза мирӧвӧй тыш" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kynsa_Bresel_an_Bys" title="Kynsa Bresel an Bys – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kynsa Bresel an Bys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B4%25D2%25AF%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD%25D3%25A9%25D0%25BB%25D2%25AF%25D0%25BA_%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583%25D1%2588" title="Биринчи дүйнөлүк согуш – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Биринчи дүйнөлүк согуш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primum_bellum_mundanum" title="Primum bellum mundanum – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Primum bellum mundanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Gerra_Mondiala" title="Primera Gerra Mondiala – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Primera Gerra Mondiala" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589ischte_Weltkrich" title="Éischte Weltkrich – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Éischte Weltkrich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D1%2583%25D1%258C%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3%25D1%258C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B4%25D1%258F%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5" title="Дуьньядин садлагьай дяве – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Дуьньядин садлагьай дяве" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gera_Mundal_Un" title="Gera Mundal Un – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gera Mundal Un" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2596rsjte_Waeltkreeg" title="Örsjte Waeltkreeg – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Örsjte Waeltkreeg" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primma_Go%25C3%25A6ra_Mondi%25C3%25A2" title="Primma Goæra Mondiâ – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Primma Goæra Mondiâ" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%25C3%25B6ma_Gran_Vera" title="Pröma Gran Vera – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Pröma Gran Vera" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_guera_mondial" title="Prima guera mondial – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Prima guera mondial" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%25AA%25E0%25BA%25BB%25E0%25BA%2587%25E0%25BA%2584%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%25A1%25E0%25BB%2582%25E0%25BA%25A5%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%2584%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BB%2589%25E0%25BA%2587%25E0%25BA%2597%25E0%25BA%25B5_I" title="ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ I – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ I" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirmasis_pasaulinis_karas" title="Pirmasis pasaulinis karas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pirmasis pasaulinis karas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirmais_pasaules_kar%25C5%25A1" title="Pirmais pasaules karš – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pirmais pasaules karš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A5%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B5_%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A7" title="प्रथम विश्व युद्ध – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="प्रथम विश्व युद्ध" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C_%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%258C" title="Васенце масторлангонь торпингесь – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Васенце масторлангонь торпингесь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ady_Lehibe_Voalohany" title="Ady Lehibe Voalohany – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ady Lehibe Voalohany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakanga_Tuatahi_o_te_Ao" title="Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parang_Dunia_I" title="Parang Dunia I – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Parang Dunia I" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Прва светска војна – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Прва светска војна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2592%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%2582_%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B4%25B9%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%25A6%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A7%25E0%25B4%2582" title="ഒന്നാം ലോകമഹായുദ്ധം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒന്നാം ലോകമഹായുദ്ധം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D1%258D%25D0%25BB%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25BD%25D1%258D%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B4%25D2%25AF%25D0%25B3%25D1%258D%25D1%258D%25D1%2580_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD" title="Дэлхийн нэгдүгээр дайн – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэлхийн нэгдүгээр дайн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587_%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A7" title="पहिले महायुद्ध – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पहिले महायुद्ध" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_Pertama" title="Perang Dunia Pertama – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Dunia Pertama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-Ewwel_Gwerra_Dinjija" title="L-Ewwel Gwerra Dinjija – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="L-Ewwel Gwerra Dinjija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purmeira_Guerra_Mundial" title="Purmeira Guerra Mundial – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Purmeira Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%2599_%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA" title="ပထမ ကမ္ဘာစစ် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပထမ ကမ္ဘာစစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasence_modamastoro%25C5%2584_torpinge" title="Vasence modamastoroń torpinge – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Vasence modamastoroń torpinge" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AC%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2584" title="جهونی جنگ اول – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جهونی جنگ اول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primma_uerra_munniale" title="Primma uerra munniale – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Primma uerra munniale" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Weltkrieg" title="Eerste Weltkrieg – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Eerste Weltkrieg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Wealdkrieg" title="Eerste Wealdkrieg – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Eerste Wealdkrieg" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258B_%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A7" title="पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%2583%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2583_%25E0%25A5%25A7" title="तःहताः १ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तःहताः १" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Wereldoorlog" title="Eerste Wereldoorlog – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eerste Wereldoorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_fyrste_verdskrigen" title="Den fyrste verdskrigen – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den fyrste verdskrigen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%25C3%25B8rste_verdenskrig" title="Første verdenskrig – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Første verdenskrig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DF%2596%25DF%258A%25DF%25AF%25DF%2593%25DF%258A%25DF%25AB_%25DF%259E%25DF%259F%25DF%258D_%25DF%259D%25DF%259F%25DF%2590%25DF%25A1%25DF%258A" title="ߖߊ߯ߓߊ߫ ߞߟߍ ߝߟߐߡߊ – n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߖߊ߯ߓߊ߫ ߞߟߍ ߝߟߐߡߊ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preunmi%25C3%25A9_Dg%25C3%25A8rre_Mondiale" title="Preunmié Dgèrre Mondiale – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Preunmié Dgèrre Mondiale" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkhondo_Yadziko_Lonse" title="Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primi%25C3%25A8ra_Gu%25C3%25A8rra_Mondiala" title="Primièra Guèrra Mondiala – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Primièra Guèrra Mondiala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrana_Adunya_1" title="Warrana Adunya 1 – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Warrana Adunya 1" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%25AA%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25B0%25E0%25AC%25A5%25E0%25AC%25AE_%25E0%25AC%25AC%25E0%25AC%25BF%25E0%25AC%25B6%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AD%25B1%25E0%25AC%25AF%25E0%25AD%2581%25E0%25AC%25A6%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25A7" title="ପ୍ରଥମ ବିଶ୍ୱଯୁଦ୍ଧ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପ୍ରଥମ ବିଶ୍ୱଯୁଦ୍ଧ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%258B%25D1%2586%25D1%2586%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3_%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2585%25C3%25A6%25D1%2581%25D1%2582" title="Фыццаг дунеон хæст – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Фыццаг дунеон хæст" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A8%25B9%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A9%25B0%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B0_%25E0%25A8%259C%25E0%25A9%25B0%25E0%25A8%2597" title="ਪਹਿਲੀ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਜੰਗ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਹਿਲੀ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਜੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prome_Guera_Mundial" title="Prome Guera Mundial – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Prome Guera Mundial" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prumi%25C3%25A8re_Dj%25C3%25A9rre_mondiale" title="Prumière Djérre mondiale – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Prumière Djérre mondiale" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_wojna_%25C5%259Bwiatowa" title="I wojna światowa – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="I wojna światowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_gu%25C3%25A8ra_mondial" title="Prima guèra mondial – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Prima guèra mondial" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25DB%2581%25D9%2584%25DB%258C_%25D9%2588%25DA%2588%25DB%258C_%25D9%2584%25DA%2591%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C" title="پہلی وڈی لڑائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پہلی وڈی لڑائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25DA%2593%25D9%2586%25DB%258D_%25D9%2586%25DA%2593%25DB%2590%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2587_%25D8%25AC%25DA%25AF%25DA%2593%25D9%2587" title="لومړنۍ نړېواله جگړه – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لومړنۍ نړېواله جگړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeira_Guerra_Mundial" title="Primeira Guerra Mundial – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Primeira Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huk_%25C3%25B1iqin_pachantin_maqanakuy" title="Huk ñiqin pachantin maqanakuy – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Huk ñiqin pachantin maqanakuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emprima_Guerra_mundiala" title="Emprima Guerra mundiala – romanșă" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Emprima Guerra mundiala" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanșă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protlu_Polimu_Mondialu" title="Protlu Polimu Mondialu – aromână" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Protlu Polimu Mondialu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromână" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_uerre_mundiale" title="Prime uerre mundiale – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Prime uerre mundiale" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Первая мировая война – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Первая мировая война" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2588%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Перша світова война – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Перша світова война" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583_%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%258B_%25D1%2581%25D1%258D%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D1%258D" title="Аан дойду бастакы сэриитэ – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Аан дойду бастакы сэриитэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25AF%25E1%25B1%25A9%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%259E%25E1%25B1%25A9_%25E1%25B1%25A1%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%259C%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%259B_%25E1%25B1%259E%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B9%25E1%25B1%25B0%25E1%25B1%25B7%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B9%25E1%25B1%25AD" title="ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_gherra_mundiale" title="Prima gherra mundiale – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Prima gherra mundiale" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_guerra_munniali" title="Prima guerra munniali – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Prima guerra munniali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warld_War_I" title="Warld War I – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Warld War I" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25DA%25BE%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2586_%25D9%2585%25DA%25BE%25D8%25A7%25DA%2580%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A_%25D8%25AC%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF" title="پھرين مھاڀاري جنگ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پھرين مھاڀاري جنگ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prvi svjetski rat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25B4%25E0%25B7%2585%25E0%25B6%25B8%25E0%25B7%2594%25E0%25B7%2580%25E0%25B6%25B1_%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%259D%25E0%25B6%259A_%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%2594%25E0%25B6%25AF%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25B0%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="පළමුවන ලෝක යුද්ධය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පළමුවන ලෝක යුද්ධය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="World War I" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prv%25C3%25A1_svetov%25C3%25A1_vojna" title="Prvá svetová vojna – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prvá svetová vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prva_svetovna_vojna" title="Prva svetovna vojna – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prva svetovna vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hondo_yePasirose_yeChiposhi" title="Hondo yePasirose yeChiposhi – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hondo yePasirose yeChiposhi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad" title="Dagaalkii Dunida Kowaad – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dagaalkii Dunida Kowaad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufta_e_Par%25C3%25AB_Bot%25C3%25ABrore" title="Lufta e Parë Botërore – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lufta e Parë Botërore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582" title="Први светски рат – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Први светски рат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imphi_Yelive_Yekucala" title="Imphi Yelive Yekucala – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Imphi Yelive Yekucala" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eersten_Waareldkriech" title="Eersten Waareldkriech – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Eersten Waareldkriech" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunya_I" title="Perang Dunya I – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Perang Dunya I" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%25C3%25B6rsta_v%25C3%25A4rldskriget" title="Första världskriget – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Första världskriget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Kuu_ya_Kwanza_ya_Dunia" title="Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyrsz%25C5%258F_wojna_%25C5%259Bwiatow%25C5%258F" title="Piyrszŏ wojna światowŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Piyrszŏ wojna światowŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/sakacacayay_nu_kitakit_satabakiay_masasungayaw" title="sakacacayay nu kitakit satabakiay masasungayaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="sakacacayay nu kitakit satabakiay masasungayaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%2589%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%258B%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%258D" title="முதலாம் உலகப் போர் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதலாம் உலகப் போர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25AE%25E0%25B1%258A%25E0%25B0%25A6%25E0%25B0%259F%25E0%25B0%25BF_%25E0%25B0%25AA%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25AA%25E0%25B0%2582%25E0%25B0%259A_%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B1%2581%25E0%25B0%25A6%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25A7%25E0%25B0%2582" title="మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%25B6%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8_%25D2%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D2%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8_%25D1%258F%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BC" title="Ҷанги ҷаҳонии якум – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷанги ҷаҳонии якум" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B6%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%2587" title="สงครามโลกครั้งที่หนึ่ง – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามโลกครั้งที่หนึ่ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinji_jahan_ur%25C5%259Fy" title="Birinji jahan urşy – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Birinji jahan urşy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imin%25C9%2599_Dynjo_%25C4%258Dang" title="Iminə Dynjo čang – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Iminə Dynjo čang" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._D%25C3%25BCnya_Sava%25C5%259F%25C4%25B1" title="I. Dünya Savaşı – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Dünya Savaşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25B1%25D3%25A9%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D3%25A9%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%258F_%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D0%25B3%25D1%258B%25D1%2588%25D1%258B" title="Беренче бөтендөнья сугышы – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Беренче бөтендөнья сугышы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D9%2589%25D8%25B1%25D9%2589%25D9%2586%25DA%2586%25D9%2589_%25D8%25AF%25DB%2587%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A6%25DB%2587%25D8%25B1%25DB%2587%25D8%25B4%25D9%2589" title="بىرىنچى دۇنيا ئۇرۇشى – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بىرىنچى دۇنيا ئۇرۇشى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2588%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Перша світова війна – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перша світова війна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25DB%2581%25D9%2584%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AC%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF_%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B8%25DB%258C%25D9%2585" title="پہلی جنگ عظیم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پہلی جنگ عظیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinchi_Jahon_urushi" title="Birinchi Jahon urushi – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Birinchi Jahon urushi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_guera_mondia%25C5%2582e" title="Prima guera mondiałe – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Prima guera mondiałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezm%25C3%25A4ine_mail%2527man_voin" title="Ezmäine mail'man voin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ezmäine mail'man voin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%25E1%25BA%25BFn_tranh_th%25E1%25BA%25BF_gi%25E1%25BB%259Bi_th%25E1%25BB%25A9_nh%25E1%25BA%25A5t" title="Chiến tranh thế giới thứ nhất – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến tranh thế giới thứ nhất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Aestn_Weireldoorloge" title="Êestn Weireldoorloge – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Êestn Weireldoorloge" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volakrig_balid" title="Volakrig balid – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Volakrig balid" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prumire_guere_daegnrece" title="Prumire guere daegnrece – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Prumire guere daegnrece" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syahan_nga_Gera_han_Kalibotan" title="Syahan nga Gera han Kalibotan – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Syahan nga Gera han Kalibotan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xareb_%25C3%2580dduna_bu_Nj%25C3%25ABkk" title="Xareb Àdduna bu Njëkk – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Xareb Àdduna bu Njëkk" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2580%25E6%25AC%25A1%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%2595%258C%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E6%2588%2598" title="第一次世界大战 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="第一次世界大战" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2590_%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A8_%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%25B7%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590" title="მაართა მოსოფელიშ ლჷმა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაართა მოსოფელიშ ლჷმა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A9%25D7%2598%25D7%25A2_%25D7%2595%25D7%2595%25D7%25A2%25D7%259C%25D7%2598-%25D7%259E%25D7%259C%25D7%2597%25D7%259E%25D7%2594" title="ערשטע וועלט-מלחמה – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ערשטע וועלט-מלחמה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogun_%25C3%2580gb%25C3%25A1y%25C3%25A9_K%25C3%25AC%25C3%25ADn%25C3%25AD" title="Ogun Àgbáyé Kìíní – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ogun Àgbáyé Kìíní" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Weareldo%25C3%25B4rlog" title="Eerste Weareldoôrlog – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Eerste Weareldoôrlog" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258E%25E2%25B4%25B3%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%2594%25E2%25B5%2593_%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258E%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B4%25B9%25E2%25B5%258D%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258F_%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258E%25E2%25B5%25A3%25E2%25B5%25A1%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%2594%25E2%25B5%2593" title="ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ – tamazight standard marocană" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight standard marocană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2580%25E6%25AC%25A1%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%2595%258C%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E6%2588%2598" title="第一次世界大战 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第一次世界大战" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2580%25E6%25AC%25A1%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%2595%258C%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E6%2588%25B0" title="第一次世界大戰 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="第一次世界大戰" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C4%2593-it-chh%25C3%25B9_S%25C3%25A8-k%25C3%25A0i_T%25C4%2581i-chi%25C3%25A0n" title="Tē-it-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-it-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2580%25E6%25AC%25A1%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%2595%258C%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E6%2588%25B0" title="第一次世界大戰 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="第一次世界大戰" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 14 noiembrie 2024, ora 17:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Conținutul este disponibil sub <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, exceptând cazurile în care se specifică altfel.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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