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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jimmy Baker</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Pintjutjara</div><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1915</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">near <a href="/wiki/Ka%E1%B9%89pi,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaṉpi, South Australia">Kaṉpi, South Australia</a>, Australia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">2010-04-20</span>)</span>20 April 2010 (aged about 95)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Kaṉpi, South Australia, Australia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Painter" class="mw-redirect" title="Painter">Painter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">2004 – present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Style</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal art">Western Desert art</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Nyinmungka</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Anton Baker<br />Kay Baker Tunkin<br />Marita Baker</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data">Douglas Baker<br />Ivan Baker<br /><a href="/wiki/Maringka_Baker" title="Maringka Baker">Maringka Baker</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jimmy Baker</b> (born as <b>Pintjutjara</b>; c. 1915 – 20 April 2010) was an Australian <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal art">Aboriginal artist</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Baker_(Australian_artist)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jimmy Baker was born some time around 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-data_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was born at Malumpa, an old camping site near what is now <a href="/wiki/Ka%E1%B9%89pi,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaṉpi, South Australia">Kaṉpi</a> in north-western <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>. His name at the time was Pintjutjara.<sup id="cite_ref-comodaa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comodaa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a brother, Toby Ginger Baker, and a sister, Tjuwilya.<sup id="cite_ref-marshall_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marshall-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his family lived a traditional, <a href="/wiki/Nomadic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomadic people">nomadic</a> life in the desert, and had no contact with Euro-Australian society. Their first encounter with <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White</a> people was in the early 1920s, with a group of Christian <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a> travelling from <a href="/wiki/Ernabella" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernabella">Ernabella</a> to <a href="/wiki/Warburton,_Western_Australia" title="Warburton, Western Australia">Warburton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-comodaa_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comodaa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On their way back, the missionaries tried to persuade the family to come with them to Ernabella, but Jimmy's father, Tjuwintjara, was not ready to give up life in the bush.<sup id="cite_ref-japingka_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-japingka-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Jimmy was a teenager, his father encountered an expedition led by anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Ted_Strehlow" title="Ted Strehlow">Ted Strehlow</a>. Strehlow gave Tjuwintjara food in exchange for his help as a guide. Strehlow also gave the family a letter that entitled them to access the food stores at Ernabella.<sup id="cite_ref-japingka_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-japingka-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this, the family decided to leave the desert behind, and they finally settled at Ernabella a short time after 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-comodaa_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comodaa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jimmy's father remained very traditional. He was well known for his survival skills and knowledge of the desert. In 1939, he acted as a guide for Strehlow and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Duguid" title="Charles Duguid">Charles Duguid</a> on their expedition to the <a href="/wiki/Petermann_Ranges_(Australia)" title="Petermann Ranges (Australia)">Petermann Ranges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-marshall_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marshall-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-duguid_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duguid-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_settlement">After settlement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Baker_(Australian_artist)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: After settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At Ernabella, Jimmy's first job was <a href="/wiki/Baking" title="Baking">baking</a> bread. Because of this, he was given the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> "Baker", and he chose the <a href="/wiki/Christian_name" title="Christian name">Christian name</a> of "Jimmy" himself. Later, he got a job building fences on nearby <a href="/wiki/Station_(Australian_agriculture)" title="Station (Australian agriculture)">stations</a>, first at <a href="/wiki/Yunyarinyi,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunyarinyi, South Australia">Kenmore Park</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Mimili,_South_Australia" title="Mimili, South Australia">Everard Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-comodaa_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comodaa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1930s, Jimmy married a woman named Nyinmungka,<sup id="cite_ref-marshall_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marshall-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who he met while working at Everard Park. They moved back to Kenmore Park. They had one son and two daughters: Anton, Kay and Marita. All of Jimmy's children became artists and founding members of the Tjunga Palya centre.<sup id="cite_ref-artworld_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artworld-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-artcollector_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artcollector-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his later years, Jimmy became an important <i>ngangkaṟi</i> (traditional healer).<sup id="cite_ref-comodaa_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comodaa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He travelled far around <a href="/wiki/Central_Australia" title="Central Australia">central Australia</a>, applying his traditional knowledge and skills.<sup id="cite_ref-marshall_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marshall-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his wife lived in <a href="/wiki/Kaltjiti,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaltjiti, South Australia">Kaltjiti</a>, but Jimmy wanted to move closer to his family's <a href="/wiki/Homeland" title="Homeland">homeland</a> near Malumpa. In the early 1990s,<sup id="cite_ref-griffiths_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-griffiths-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he and two of his nephews, Ivan and Douglas Baker, established Kaṉpi as an <a href="/wiki/Outstation_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Outstation movement">outstation</a> for their families.<sup id="cite_ref-marshall_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marshall-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-waru_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waru-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artwork">Artwork</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Baker_(Australian_artist)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Artwork"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jimmy did not begin painting until 2004, six years before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-comodaa_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comodaa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until about the 1980s, men's traditional art was widely considered sacred by Pitjantjatjara, and was not displayed in public like women's art was. <a href="/wiki/Pintupi" title="Pintupi">Pintupi</a> men in the north began painting in the 1970s, at <a href="/wiki/Papunya_Tula" title="Papunya Tula">Papunya Tula</a>. This was considered <a href="/wiki/Sacrilege" title="Sacrilege">sacrilege</a> by other <a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_cultural_bloc" title="Western Desert cultural bloc">Western Desert</a> groups, because knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal mythology">sacred law</a> is considered dangerous. The sacred images in the paintings were obscured, though, and <a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">encrypted</a> (hidden) by dots and lines. When the art style became popular, more and more Pitjantjatjara men began to paint.<sup id="cite_ref-stateline_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stateline-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-edwards_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edwards-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baker began painting as a way to preserve his stories and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-comodaa_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comodaa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-edwards_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edwards-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because he was a <i>ngangkaṟi</i>, he knew more about his country's sacred Dreaming stories than most. His paintings represent <a href="/wiki/Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">stories</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Dreamtime" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreamtime">time of creation</a> that dictate sacred <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a> (<i>Tjukurpa</i>) for Pitjantjatjara people.<sup id="cite_ref-comodaa_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comodaa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he began very late in life, his paintings quickly became well known.<sup id="cite_ref-comodaa_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comodaa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-artworld_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artworld-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-taylor_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first major <a href="/wiki/Art_exhibition" title="Art exhibition">exhibition</a> to show his work was an annual group exhibition called "Desert Mob", in <a href="/wiki/Alice_Springs" title="Alice Springs">Alice Springs</a>. It first featured his work in 2005, and again every year after that until 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-comodaa_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comodaa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, Baker was one of thirty artists featured in the first <a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Art_Triennial" class="mw-redirect" title="National Indigenous Art Triennial">National Indigenous Art Triennial</a> exhibition, <i>Culture Warrior</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-artcollector_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artcollector-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It showed three of his paintings: <i>Katatjita</i> (2006), <i>Wanampi Kutjara</i> (2006) and <i>Piltati</i> (2007).<sup id="cite_ref-marshall_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marshall-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was interviewed on South Australian television, speaking through a translator.<sup id="cite_ref-stateline_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stateline-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Having only painted for six years, Baker produced only a small number of works.<sup id="cite_ref-marshall_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marshall-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His works are rare, and were considered valuable even when he was alive.<sup id="cite_ref-stateline_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stateline-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-edwards_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edwards-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of them are <a href="/wiki/Acryl" class="mw-redirect" title="Acryl">acrylic</a> paintings done on canvas (cotton duck). He uses rich colours in the "dot" style that has become classical in Western Desert art.<sup id="cite_ref-artcollector_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artcollector-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aac_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aac-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jimmy died in 2010, from a problem with his <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-artworld_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artworld-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work is major several major public and private collections in Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-marshall_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marshall-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the <a href="/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_South_Australia" title="Art Gallery of South Australia">Art Gallery of South Australia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wanampi_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wanampi-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria" title="National Gallery of Victoria">National Gallery of Victoria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ngv_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngv-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Australia" title="National Gallery of Australia">National Gallery of Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nga_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nga-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as his children, several of his grandchildren are also well-known artists painting for Tjungu Palya.<sup id="cite_ref-artcollector_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artcollector-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stateline_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stateline-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Baker_(Australian_artist)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-stateline-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stateline_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stateline_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stateline_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stateline_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stateline_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation episode cs1">Henschke, Ian (reporter); Edwards, Bill (translator) (27 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/stateline/sa/content/2006/s1909873.htm">"New Art Dynasty"</a>. <i>Stateline</i>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. ABC South Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stateline&rft.date=2007-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fstateline%2Fsa%2Fcontent%2F2006%2Fs1909873.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nga-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nga_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nga_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artsearch.nga.gov.au/Detail.cfm?IRN=163687">"Wawitja"</a>. <i>Collection Online</i>. National Gallery of Australia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collection+Online&rft.atitle=Wawitja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartsearch.nga.gov.au%2FDetail.cfm%3FIRN%3D163687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The exact year of Baker's birth is not known.<sup id="cite_ref-stateline_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stateline-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Gallery of Australia estimates that he was born between 1913 and 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-nga_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nga-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-data-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-data_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.printsandprintmaking.gov.au/catalogues/artist/171853/jimmy-baker.aspx">"Jimmy Baker (1915 - )"</a>. Prints and Printmaking:Jimmy Baker. National Gallery of Australia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Baker+%281915+-+%29&rft.series=Prints+and+Printmaking%3AJimmy+Baker&rft.pub=National+Gallery+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.printsandprintmaking.gov.au%2Fcatalogues%2Fartist%2F171853%2Fjimmy-baker.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comodaa-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-comodaa_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comodaa_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comodaa_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comodaa_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comodaa_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comodaa_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comodaa_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comodaa_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comodaa_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comodaa_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite,_Jonny2009" class="citation cs2">White, Jonny, ed. (15 September 2009), <i>Australia Now: An Exhibition of Contemporary Australian Art</i>, London: COMODAA, p. 7</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australia+Now%3A+An+Exhibition+of+Contemporary+Australian+Art&rft.place=London&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=COMODAA&rft.date=2009-09-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marshall-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marshall_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marshall_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marshall_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marshall_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marshall_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marshall_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marshall_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marshall_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2007" class="citation cs2">Marshall, Graeme (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nga.gov.au/Exhibition/NIAT07/Detail.cfm?MnuID=1&SubMnuID=1&BioArtistIRN=30412&IRN=163692">"Jimmy Baker"</a>, in Croft, Brenda L (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v82fAAAAMAAJ"><i>Culture warriors: national Indigenous art triennial</i></a>, National Gallery of Australia, p. 48, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780642541338" title="Special:BookSources/9780642541338"><bdi>9780642541338</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Baker&rft.btitle=Culture+warriors%3A+national+Indigenous+art+triennial&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=National+Gallery+of+Australia&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780642541338&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnga.gov.au%2FExhibition%2FNIAT07%2FDetail.cfm%3FMnuID%3D1%26SubMnuID%3D1%26BioArtistIRN%3D30412%26IRN%3D163692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-japingka-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-japingka_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-japingka_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japingka.com.au/artist-profiles.cfm?artistID=53">"Jimmy Baker + Family"</a>. Japingka Gallery<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Baker+%2B+Family&rft.pub=Japingka+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japingka.com.au%2Fartist-profiles.cfm%3FartistID%3D53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duguid-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-duguid_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuguid,_Charles1972" class="citation book cs1">Duguid, Charles (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/doctoraborigines0000dugu"><i>Doctor and the Aborigines</i></a></span>. Rigby. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/doctoraborigines0000dugu/page/62">62</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780851794112" title="Special:BookSources/9780851794112"><bdi>9780851794112</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doctor+and+the+Aborigines&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Rigby&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=9780851794112&rft.au=Duguid%2C+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdoctoraborigines0000dugu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-artworld-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-artworld_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-artworld_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-artworld_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aboriginalartworld.com.au/view_art.asp?aid=43">"Jimmy Baker"</a>. Aboriginal Art World Pty Ltd<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Baker&rft.pub=Aboriginal+Art+World+Pty+Ltd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aboriginalartworld.com.au%2Fview_art.asp%3Faid%3D43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-artcollector-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-artcollector_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-artcollector_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-artcollector_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-artcollector_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406233640/http://www.artcollector.net.au/TjunguPalyaSouthAustralia">"Tjungu Palya, South Australia"</a>. <i>Australian Art Collector</i> (57): 220. July–September 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artcollector.net.au/TjunguPalyaSouthAustralia">the original</a> on 6 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Art+Collector&rft.atitle=Tjungu+Palya%2C+South+Australia&rft.issue=57&rft.pages=220&rft.date=2011-07%2F2011-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artcollector.net.au%2FTjunguPalyaSouthAustralia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-griffiths-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-griffiths_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths2012" class="citation news cs1">Griffiths, Luke (2 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324204505/http://www.surfcoasttimes.com.au/entertainment/art/2012/03/02/from-kanpi-to-queenscliff/">"From Kanpi to Queenscliff"</a>. <i>Surf Coast Times</i>. Surf Coast News Australia Pty Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.surfcoasttimes.com.au/entertainment/art/2012/03/02/from-kanpi-to-queenscliff">the original</a> on 24 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Surf+Coast+Times&rft.atitle=From+Kanpi+to+Queenscliff&rft.date=2012-03-02&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surfcoasttimes.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fart%2F2012%2F03%2F02%2Ffrom-kanpi-to-queenscliff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-waru-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-waru_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121014075920/http://waru.org/communities/kanpi/">"Kanpi"</a>. <i>Waru</i>. PY Media. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waru.org/communities/kanpi/">the original</a> on 14 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Waru&rft.atitle=Kanpi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwaru.org%2Fcommunities%2Fkanpi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edwards-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-edwards_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-edwards_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-edwards_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2007" class="citation news cs1">Edwards, Verity (13 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/at-90-baker-shows-hes-a-master-of-art/story-e6frg6nf-1111113333941">"At 90, Baker shows he's a master of art"</a>. <i>The Australian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=At+90%2C+Baker+shows+he%27s+a+master+of+art&rft.date=2007-04-13&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Verity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fat-90-baker-shows-hes-a-master-of-art%2Fstory-e6frg6nf-1111113333941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2008" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, Luke (1 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://recollections.nma.gov.au/issues/vol_3_no_1/exhibition_reviews/exhibiting_indigenous_art">"Exhibiting Indigenous art"</a>. <i>ReCollections</i>. <b>3</b> (1). National Museum of Australia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ReCollections&rft.atitle=Exhibiting+Indigenous+art&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2008-03-01&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frecollections.nma.gov.au%2Fissues%2Fvol_3_no_1%2Fexhibition_reviews%2Fexhibiting_indigenous_art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aac-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aac_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnanguku_Arts2010" class="citation book cs1">Ananguku Arts, ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X4go52o5B1kC&pg=PA28"><i>Tjukurpa Pulkatjara: The Power of the Law</i></a>. Wakefield Press. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781862548909" title="Special:BookSources/9781862548909"><bdi>9781862548909</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tjukurpa+Pulkatjara%3A+The+Power+of+the+Law&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Wakefield+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781862548909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX4go52o5B1kC%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wanampi-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wanampi_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/Collection/detail.jsp?ecatKey=269">"Wanampi Kutjara"</a>. Art Gallery of South Australia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wanampi+Kutjara&rft.pub=Art+Gallery+of+South+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artgallery.sa.gov.au%2Fagsa%2Fhome%2FCollection%2Fdetail.jsp%3FecatKey%3D269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ngv-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ngv_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/col/artist/14814">"Jimmy Baker"</a>. <i>Collection Online</i>. National Gallery of Victoria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collection+Online&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Baker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngv.vic.gov.au%2Fcol%2Fartist%2F14814&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Baker_(Australian_artist)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTjungu_Palya2011" class="citation book cs1">Tjungu Palya (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/168034912"><i>Wati Kalaya - emu man: A celebration of the life and work of Jimmy Baker c. 1915 - 2010</i></a>. Alice Springs: RAFT Artspace. Bib ID 6001245.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wati+Kalaya+-+emu+man%3A+A+celebration+of+the+life+and+work+of+Jimmy+Baker+c.+1915+-+2010&rft.place=Alice+Springs&rft.pub=RAFT+Artspace&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Tjungu+Palya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F168034912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Baker+%28Australian+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Template talk:Aboriginal South Australians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aboriginal South Australians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aboriginal_peoples_of_South_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal peoples of South Australia">Aboriginal peoples of South Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha" title="Adnyamathanha">Adnyamathanha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antakirinja_people" title="Antakirinja people">Antakirinja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabana_people" title="Arabana people">Arabana</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barngarla_people" title="Barngarla people">Barngarla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bodaruwitj" title="Bodaruwitj">Bodaruwitj</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bungandidj_people" title="Bungandidj people">Bungandidj</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dhirari" title="Dhirari">Dhirari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diyari" title="Diyari">Dieri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jarildekald_people" title="Jarildekald people">Jarildekald</a>, (including the <a href="/wiki/Mulbarapa" title="Mulbarapa">Mulbarapa</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karangura" title="Karangura">Karangura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kaurna" title="Kaurna">Kaurna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokatha" title="Kokatha">Kokatha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kuyani" title="Kuyani">Kuyani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malyangapa" title="Malyangapa">Malyangapa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maralinga_Tjarutja" title="Maralinga Tjarutja">Maralinga Tjarutja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mardidjali" title="Mardidjali">Mardidjali</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Meintangk_people" title="Meintangk people">Meintangk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mirning" title="Mirning">Mirning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narungga" title="Narungga">Narungga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nauo_people" title="Nauo people">Nauo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngaanyatjarra" title="Ngaanyatjarra">Ngaanyatjarra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngadjuri" title="Ngadjuri">Ngadjuri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngayawang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngayawang">Ngayawang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngalia_(Western_Desert)" title="Ngalia (Western Desert)">Ngalia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngameni" title="Ngameni">Ngameni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngangaruku" title="Ngangaruku">Ngangaruku</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngaralda" title="Ngaralda">Ngaralda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngarkat" title="Ngarkat">Ngarkat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngarrindjeri" title="Ngarrindjeri">Ngarrindjeri</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngawadj" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngawadj">Ngawadj</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngintait" title="Ngintait">Ngintait</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngurunta" title="Ngurunta">Ngurunta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nukunu" title="Nukunu">Nukunu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peramangk" title="Peramangk">Peramangk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pilatapa" title="Pilatapa">Pilatapa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pitjantjatjara" title="Pitjantjatjara">Pitjantjatjara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portaulun_people" title="Portaulun people">Portaulun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ramindjeri" title="Ramindjeri">Ramindjeri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tanganekald_people" title="Tanganekald people">Tanganekald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thangkaali" title="Thangkaali">Thangkaali</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wailpi" title="Wailpi">Wailpi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warki" title="Warki">Warki</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_cultural_bloc" title="Western Desert cultural bloc">Western Desert people</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wirangu_people" title="Wirangu people">Wirangu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wongkanguru" class="mw-redirect" title="Wongkanguru">Wongkanguru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yandruwandha_people" title="Yandruwandha people">Yandruwandha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yankunytjatjara" title="Yankunytjatjara">Yankunytjatjara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yardliyawara" title="Yardliyawara">Yardliyawara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yarluyandi" title="Yarluyandi">Yarluyandi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yawarrawarrka" title="Yawarrawarrka">Yawarrawarrka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yirawirung" class="mw-redirect" title="Yirawirung">Yirawirung</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anangu_Pitjantjatjara_Yankunytjatjara" class="mw-redirect" title="Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara">APY Lands</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amata,_South_Australia" title="Amata, South Australia">Amaṯa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iltur" title="Iltur">Iltur</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indulkana" title="Indulkana">Indulkana</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kalka,_South_Australia" title="Kalka, South Australia">Kalka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kaltjiti" title="Kaltjiti">Kaltjiti</a> (Fregon)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kanpi" title="Kanpi">Kaṉpi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Makiri,_South_Australia" title="Makiri, South Australia">Makiri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mimili,_South_Australia" title="Mimili, South Australia">Mimili</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mintabie,_South_Australia" title="Mintabie, South Australia">Mintabie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nyapari" title="Nyapari">Nyapaṟi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pipalyatjara,_South_Australia" title="Pipalyatjara, South Australia">Pipalyatjara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pukatja,_South_Australia" title="Pukatja, South Australia">Pukatja</a> (Ernabella)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umuwa,_South_Australia" title="Umuwa, South Australia">Umuwa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Watarru" title="Watarru">Watarru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yunyarinyi" title="Yunyarinyi">Yunyarinyi</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akenta" class="mw-redirect" title="Akenta">Akenta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poonindie,_South_Australia" title="Poonindie, South Australia">Poonindie</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Davenport,_South_Australia" title="Davenport, South Australia">Davenport</a> (Umeewarra)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Community_Council" title="Gerard Community Council">Gerard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Koonibba" title="Koonibba">Koonibba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manunka" title="Manunka">Manunka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nepabunna,_South_Australia" title="Nepabunna, South Australia">Nepabunna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oak_Valley,_South_Australia" title="Oak Valley, South Australia">Oak Valley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Point_Pearce,_South_Australia" title="Point Pearce, South Australia">Point Pearce</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raukkan,_South_Australia" title="Raukkan, South Australia">Raukkan</a> (Point McLeay)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Swan_Reach,_South_Australia" title="Swan Reach, South Australia">Swan Reach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yalata,_South_Australia" title="Yalata, South Australia">Yalata</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colebrook_Home" title="Colebrook Home">Colebrook</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Killalpaninna_Mission" title="Killalpaninna Mission">Killalpaninna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ooldea,_South_Australia" title="Ooldea, South Australia">Ooldea</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Abdulla" title="Ian Abdulla">Ian Abdulla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josie_Agius" title="Josie Agius">Josie Agius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maringka_Baker" title="Maringka Baker">Maringka Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Poltpalingada_Booboorowie" title="Poltpalingada Booboorowie">Poltpalingada Booboorowie</a> (Tom Walker)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richie_Bray" title="Richie Bray">Richie Bray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Buckskin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Buckskin">Jack Buckskin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iris_Burgoyne" title="Iris Burgoyne">Iris Burgoyne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Burgoyne" title="Peter Burgoyne">Peter Burgoyne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Burgoyne" title="Shaun Burgoyne">Shaun Burgoyne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hector_Burton" title="Hector Burton">Hector Burton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Buzzacott" title="Kevin Buzzacott">Kevin Buzzacott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Cooper_(footballer)" title="Malcolm Cooper (footballer)">Malcolm Cooper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vince_Copley" title="Vince Copley">Vince Copley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nyakul_Dawson" title="Nyakul Dawson">Nyakul Dawson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deadly_Nannas" title="Deadly Nannas">Deadly Nannas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Elphick" title="Gladys Elphick">Gladys Elphick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Goldsmith" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevie Goldsmith">Stevie Goldsmith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Goodes" title="Adam Goodes">Adam Goodes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tuppy_Ngintja_Goodwin" title="Tuppy Ngintja Goodwin">Tuppy Ngintja Goodwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Graham" title="Cecil Graham">Cecil Graham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Graham_(footballer,_born_1958)" title="Colin Graham (footballer, born 1958)">Colin Graham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Graham_(footballer)" title="Michael Graham (footballer)">Michael Graham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Hammond" title="Ruby Hammond">Ruby Hammond</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Hunter" title="Ruby Hunter">Ruby Hunter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ivaritji" title="Ivaritji">Ivaritji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tjungkara_Ken" title="Tjungkara Ken">Tjungkara Ken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kudnarto" title="Kudnarto">Kudnarto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natascha_McNamara" title="Natascha McNamara">Natascha McNamara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patty_Mills" title="Patty Mills">Patty Mills</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Betty_Muffler" title="Betty Muffler">Betty Muffler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Nicholls" title="Douglas Nicholls">Douglas Nicholls</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_O%27Brien_(Kaurna_elder)" title="Lewis O'Brien (Kaurna elder)">Lewis O'Brien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lowitja_O%27Donoghue" title="Lowitja O'Donoghue">Lowitja O'Donoghue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Loughlin" title="Michael O'Loughlin">Michael O'Loughlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alitya_Rigney" title="Alitya Rigney">Alitya Rigney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frances_Rings" title="Frances Rings">Frances Rings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nura_Rupert" title="Nura Rupert">Nura Rupert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tauto_Sansbury" title="Tauto Sansbury">Tauto Sansbury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Yaritja_Stevens" title="Eileen Yaritja Stevens">Eileen Yaritja Stevens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moogy_Sumner" title="Moogy Sumner">Moogy Sumner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faith_Thomas" title="Faith Thomas">Faith Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Unaipon" title="David Unaipon">David Unaipon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Unaipon" title="James Unaipon">James Unaipon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Wanganeen" title="Gavin Wanganeen">Gavin Wanganeen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natasha_Wanganeen" title="Natasha Wanganeen">Natasha Wanganeen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Wikilyiri" title="Ginger Wikilyiri">Ginger Wikilyiri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norah_Wilson" title="Norah Wilson">Norah Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chad_Wingard" title="Chad Wingard">Chad Wingard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tjayanka_Woods" title="Tjayanka Woods">Tjayanka Woods</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Legal_Rights_Movement" title="Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement">Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anangu_Pitjantjatjara_Yankunytjatjara" class="mw-redirect" title="Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara">Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anangu_Schools" title="Anangu Schools">Aṉangu schools</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Koonibba_Football_Club" title="Koonibba Football Club">Koonibba Football Club</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kupa_Piti_Kungka_Tjuta" title="Kupa Piti Kungka Tjuta">Kupa Piṯi Kungka Tjuṯa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maralinga_Tjarutja" title="Maralinga Tjarutja">Maralinga Tjarutja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nunga_Court" title="Nunga Court">Nunga Court</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tauondi_Aboriginal_College" title="Tauondi Aboriginal College">Tauondi Aboriginal College</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aboriginal_schools_in_South_Australia" title="List of Aboriginal schools in South Australia">List of Aboriginal schools</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology">Religion</a> and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arkaroo" title="Arkaroo">Arkaroo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dreamtime" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreamtime">'Dreamtime'</a> (<i>muda</i>, <i>mura-mura</i>, <i>tjukurrpa</i>, etc.)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tjilbruke" title="Tjilbruke">Tjilbruke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muldjewangk" title="Muldjewangk">Muldjewangk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngi%E1%B9%89%E1%B9%AFaka" title="Ngiṉṯaka">Ngiṉṯaka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wati-kutjara" title="Wati-kutjara">Wati-kutjara</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous protected areas:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Watarru_Indigenous_Protected_Area" title="Watarru Indigenous Protected Area">Watarru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Willoughby_Indigenous_Protected_Area" title="Mount Willoughby Indigenous Protected Area">Mount Willoughby</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Co-managed protected areas:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dhilba_Guuranda-Innes_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park">Dhilba Guuranda-Innes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Price_Conservation_Park" title="Elliot Price Conservation Park">Elliot Price Conservation Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gawler_Ranges_National_Park" title="Gawler Ranges National Park">Gawler Ranges National Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kati_Thanda-Lake_Eyre_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park"> Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park (part)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kanku-Breakaways_Conservation_Park" title="Kanku-Breakaways Conservation Park">Kanku-Breakaways Conservation Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Gairdner_National_Park" title="Lake Gairdner National Park">Lake Gairdner National Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ikara%E2%80%93Flinders_Ranges_National_Park" title="Ikara–Flinders Ranges National Park">Ikara–Flinders Ranges National Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Innamincka_Regional_Reserve" title="Innamincka Regional Reserve">Innamincka Regional Reserve</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malkumba-Coongie_Lakes_National_Park" title="Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park">Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mamungari_Conservation_Park" title="Mamungari Conservation Park">Mamungari Conservation Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngaut_Ngaut_Conservation_Park" title="Ngaut Ngaut Conservation Park">Ngaut Ngaut Conservation Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nullarbor_Wilderness_Protection_Area" title="Nullarbor Wilderness Protection Area">Nullarbor Wilderness Protection Area</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nullarbor_Regional_Reserve" title="Nullarbor Regional Reserve">Nullarbor Regional Reserve</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pureba_Conservation_Park" title="Pureba Conservation Park">Pureba Conservation Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strzelecki_Regional_Reserve" title="Strzelecki Regional Reserve">Strzelecki Regional Reserve</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vulkathunha-Gammon_Ranges_National_Park" title="Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park">Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wapma_Thura%E2%80%93Southern_Flinders_Ranges_National_Park" title="Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park">Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wabma_Kadarbu_Mound_Springs_Conservation_Park" title="Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park">Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witjira_National_Park" title="Witjira National Park">Witjira National Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yumbarra_Conservation_Park" title="Yumbarra Conservation Park">Yumbarra Conservation Park</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha_language" title="Adnyamathanha language">Adnyamathanha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antakarinya_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Antakarinya dialect">Antakirinja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabana_language" title="Arabana language">Arabana</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barngarla_language" title="Barngarla language">Barngarla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diyari_language" title="Diyari language">Dieri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kaurna_language" title="Kaurna language">Kaurna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narungga_language" title="Narungga language">Narungga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngadjuri_language" title="Ngadjuri language">Ngadjuri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngamini_language" title="Ngamini language">Ngamini (Yarluyandi)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngarrindjeri_language" title="Ngarrindjeri language">Ngarrindjeri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paakantyi_(Darling_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paakantyi (Darling language)">Paakantyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wangganguru_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangganguru dialect">Wangkangurru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_language" title="Western Desert language">Western Desert language</a> (dialects: <a href="/wiki/Pitjantjatjara_dialect" title="Pitjantjatjara dialect">Pitjantjatjara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yankunytjatjara_dialect" title="Yankunytjatjara dialect">Yankunytjatjara</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wirangu_language" title="Wirangu language">Wirangu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yandruwandha_language" title="Yandruwandha language">Yandruwandha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yarli_language" title="Yarli language">Yarli (Malyangapa)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yuyu_language" title="Yuyu language">Yuyu</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language groups:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Murray_languages" title="Lower Murray languages">Lower Murray languages</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thura-Yura_languages" title="Thura-Yura languages">Thura-Yura languages</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_sign_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal sign languages">Sign languages</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Words:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%89angu" title="Aṉangu">Aṉangu (Western Desert language)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nunga" title="Nunga">Nunga (Aboriginal English)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Heritage_Act_1988" title="Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988">Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Lands_Trust_Act_1966" title="Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966">Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Witnesses_Act" title="Aboriginal Witnesses Act">Aboriginal Witnesses Act</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Anangu_Pitjantjatjara_Yankunytjatjara_Land_Rights_Act_1981" title="Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981">Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_laws_concerning_Indigenous_Australians" title="List of laws concerning Indigenous Australians">Laws concerning Indigenous Australians</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_Patent_establishing_the_Province_of_South_Australia" title="Letters Patent establishing the Province of South Australia">Letters Patent</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cases:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_native_title_claims_in_South_Australia" title="List of native title claims in South Australia">List of native title claims in South Australia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_reserve" title="Aboriginal reserve">Aboriginal reserve</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aborigines%27_Friends%27_Association" title="Aborigines' Friends' Association">Aborigines' Friends' Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Protection_Board" title="Aboriginal Protection Board">Aborigines Protection Board</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australian_frontier_wars" title="Australian frontier wars">Australian frontier wars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Avenue_Range_Station_massacre" title="Avenue Range Station massacre">Avenue Range Station massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_colonisation_of_South_Australia" title="British colonisation of South Australia">British colonisation of South Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_nuclear_tests_at_Maralinga" title="British nuclear tests at Maralinga">British nuclear tests at Maralinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/McClelland_Royal_Commission" title="McClelland Royal Commission">Royal Commission</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hindmarsh_Island_Bridge_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindmarsh Island Bridge controversy">Hindmarsh Island Bridge controversy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hindmarsh_Island_Royal_Commission" title="Hindmarsh Island Royal Commission">Royal Commission</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Australia" title="History of South Australia">History of South Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maria_massacre" title="Maria massacre"><i>Maria</i> massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Destitute_Asylum" title="Adelaide Destitute Asylum">Native School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Protector_of_Aborigines" title="Protector of Aborigines">Protector of Aborigines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Aborigines_(1913)" title="Royal Commission on the Aborigines (1913)">Royal Commission on the Aborigines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St_Francis_House" title="St Francis House">St Francis House</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stolen_Generations" title="Stolen Generations">Stolen Generations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bringing_Them_Home" title="Bringing Them Home">Federal Parliamentary inquiry</a>))</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Aborigines_Mission" title="United Aborigines Mission">United Aborigines Mission</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Bay_massacre" title="Waterloo Bay massacre">Waterloo Bay massacre</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist" style="font-weight: bold;"> <dl><dt><span class="nowrap">By state or territory</span></dt> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_New_South_Wales" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in New South Wales">New South Wales</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Queensland" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland">Queensland</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Template:Aboriginal South Australians">South Australia</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_Tasmania" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in Tasmania">Tasmania</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Victoria (state)">Victoria</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Western_Australia" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></span></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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