CINXE.COM

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whiff of water", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type":"WebPage", "@id":"/news/142/hubble-catches-a-whiff-of-water/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://exoplanets-cms.client.mooreboeck.com/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBdE1HIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--51cf08a92aeb039715aede90d7875aed5a6e792c/exoplanet_limb_0.jpg?disposition=inline" }, "description": "NASA scientists found faint signatures of water in the atmospheres of five distant planets orbiting three different stars.", "datePublished": "2013-12-08 16:00:00 -0800", "dateModified": "2013-12-09 07:37:46 -0800" } </script> <div data-react-class="CherTools" data-react-props="{"share":[["Facebook"],["Twitter"],["Pinterest"],["Email"]]}" data-react-cache-id="CherTools-0" class="chertools_floater"></div> <div data-react-class="LazyArticleNav" data-react-props="{"id":142,"subsite":null,"model":"news_items"}" data-react-cache-id="LazyArticleNav-0"></div> <div class='header_mask'></div> <section class='content_page module'> <article> <div class='grid_layout'> <header id='page_header'> <h2 class='category_title'> <a href="/news/">News</a> <span class='release_date'> | December 8, 2013 </span> </h2> <h1 class='article_title'> Hubble catches a whiff of water </h1> </header> <div class='clearfix' id='primary_column'> <figure class='main_image'> <img alt='NASA scientists found faint signatures of water in the atmospheres of five distant planets orbiting three different stars. All five planets appear to be hazy. This illustration shows a star's light illuminating the atmosphere of a planet.' id='main_image' src='/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBdE1HIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--51cf08a92aeb039715aede90d7875aed5a6e792c/exoplanet_limb_0.jpg?disposition=inline'> <figcaption class='main_image_caption'> NASA scientists found faint signatures of water in the atmospheres of five distant planets orbiting three different stars. All five planets appear to be hazy. This illustration shows a star's light illuminating the atmosphere of a planet. </figcaption> </figure> <div class='wysiwyg_content'> <p>Using the powerful eye of NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, two teams of scientists have found faint signatures of water in the atmospheres of five distant planets.<br />The presence of atmospheric water was reported previously on a few exoplanets orbiting stars beyond our solar system, but this is the first study to conclusively measure and compare the profiles and intensities of these signatures on multiple worlds.</p><p>"We're very confident that we see a water signature for multiple planets," said Avi Mandell, a planetary scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., and lead author of an Astrophysical Journal paper, published today, describing the findings for WASP-12b, WASP-17b and WASP-19b. "This work really opens the door for comparing how much water is present in atmospheres on different kinds of exoplanets, for example hotter versus cooler ones."The five planets -- WASP-17b, HD209458b, WASP-12b, WASP-19b and XO-1b -- orbit nearby stars. The strengths of their water signatures varied. WASP-17b, a planet with an especially puffed-up atmosphere, and HD209458b had the strongest signals. The signatures for the other three planets, WASP-12b, WASP-19b and XO-1b, also are consistent with water.</p><p>The studies were part of a census of exoplanet atmospheres led by L. Drake Deming of the University of Maryland in College Park. Both teams used Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 to explore the details of absorption of light through the planets' atmospheres. The observations were made in a range of infrared wavelengths where the water signature, if present, would appear. The teams compared the shapes and intensities of the absorption profiles, and the consistency of the signatures gave them confidence they saw water. The observations demonstrate Hubble's continuing exemplary performance in exoplanet research.</p><p>"To actually detect the atmosphere of an exoplanet is extraordinarily difficult. But we were able to pull out a very clear signal, and it is water," said Deming, whose team reported results for HD209458b and XO-1b in a Sept. 10 paper in the same journal. Deming's team employed a new technique with longer exposure times, which increased the sensitivity of their measurements.</p><p class="inline_image left"><img src="/system/media_files/binaries/54/original/absorbtransmit.jpg?1386603344" title="hubbleAbsorbTransmit" alt="hubbleAbsorbTransmit" />To determine what’s in the atmosphere of an exoplanet, astronomers watch the planet pass in front of its host star and look at which wavelengths of light are transmitted and which are partially absorbed.</p><p>The water signals were all less pronounced than expected, and the scientists suspect this is because a layer of haze or dust blankets each of the five planets. This haze can reduce the intensity of all signals from the atmosphere in the same way fog can make colors in a photograph appear muted. At the same time, haze alters the profiles of water signals and other important molecules in a distinctive way.</p><p>The five planets are hot Jupiters, massive worlds that orbit close to their host stars. The researchers were initially surprised that all five appeared to be hazy. But Deming and Mandell noted that other researchers are finding evidence of haze around exoplanets.</p><p>"These studies, combined with other Hubble observations, are showing us that there are a surprisingly large number of systems for which the signal of water is either attenuated or completely absent," said Heather Knutson of the California Institute of Technology, a co-author on Deming's paper. "This suggests that cloudy or hazy atmospheres may in fact be rather common for hot Jupiters."</p><p>Hubble's high-performance Wide Field Camera 3 is one of few capable of peering into the atmospheres of exoplanets many trillions of miles away. These exceptionally challenging studies can be done only if the planets are spotted while they are passing in front of their stars. Researchers can identify the gases in a planet's atmosphere by determining which wavelengths of the star's light are transmitted and which are partially absorbed.</p> </div> </div> <div id='secondary_column'> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ var date = new Date("2013-12-09T07:37:46-08:00") var months = [ 'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December' ] var date_str = months[date.getMonth()] + " " + date.getDate() + ", " + date.getFullYear(); $('.page_updated').html("<hr />Page Updated: " + date_str); }); </script> <div class='page_updated'></div> </div> </article> </section> <section class='multimedia_teaser module'> <div class='grid_layout page_carousel'> <header> <h1 class='module_title'> Explore Alien Worlds </h1> </header> <div class='multimedia_module_gallery'> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $(".explore_items").slick({ dots: false, infinite: false, speed: 300, slide: '.explore_items .slide', slidesToShow: 3, slidesToScroll: 3, lazyLoad: 'progressive', centerMode: false, centerPadding: '30px', arrows: true, responsive: [{"breakpoint":953,"settings":{"slidesToShow":2,"slidesToScroll":2,"centerMode":false}},{"breakpoint":480,"settings":{"slidesToShow":1,"slidesToScroll":1,"centerMode":true,"arrows":false}}] }); //fix for problems snapping back to position after slide change and responsive change $(".explore_items").on('setPosition', function(event, slick, currentSlide, nextSlide) { var slidesShown = $(".explore_items").slick('slickGetOption', 'slidesToShow'); var numberOfSlides = $(".explore_items").find('.slick-slide').length; if (slidesShown === numberOfSlides) { $(".explore_items").find('.slick-track').css('transform', 'translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px)'); } }); // SHIM: The slick slider doesn’t seem to respond to orientation changes on Android devices // (possibly because there’s a delay while the browser is rendering the page) window.addEventListener('orientationchange', function() { var clock; // Refresh the slider every half second clock = setInterval(function() { // https://github.com/kenwheeler/slick/issues/429#issuecomment-57450725 $('.explore_items')[0].slick.refresh(); }, 500); // Stop refreshing after 3 seconds setTimeout(function() { clearInterval(clock); }, 3000); }); }); </script> <div class='explore_items'> <div class='slide'> <a href='/alien-worlds/exoplanet-travel-bureau'> <img alt='' src='/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBaTBrIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--6954e75cc33ea76ce21a0df1b9a483f97c04bb3d/153_Kepler_16b_preview.jpg?disposition=inline'> <div class='text_overlay'> <h1 class='media_feature_title'> Exoplanet Travel Bureau </h1> </div> <div class='gradient_container_bottom'></div> <div class='rollover_description'> <div class='rollover_description_inner'> <div class='rollover_body'> This set of travel posters envision a day when the creativity of scientists and engineers will allow us to do things we can only dream of now. </div> </div> <div class='overlay_arrow'> <img alt='More' src='/assets/overlay-arrow.png'> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class='slide'> <a href='/alien-worlds/strange-new-worlds'> <img alt='' src='/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBaTRrIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--de7e850893f810c4083c210d7102b911fdc14c20/kepler186f.jpg?disposition=inline'> <div class='text_overlay'> <h1 class='media_feature_title'> Strange New Worlds </h1> </div> <div class='gradient_container_bottom'></div> <div class='rollover_description'> <div class='rollover_description_inner'> <div class='rollover_body'> Explore an interactive gallery of some of the most intriguing and exotic planets discovered so far. </div> </div> <div class='overlay_arrow'> <img alt='More' src='/assets/overlay-arrow.png'> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class='slide'> <a href='/alien-worlds/historic-timeline'> <img alt='A planetary tour through time. 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